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Ghazawy NAR, Afify A, Radwan IT, Ghabban H, Alkhaibari AM, Gattan HS, Alruhaili MH, Selim A, Saad MMA. The Effect of Abamectin on Locusta Migratoria Neurosecretory Cells and Mid Gut, Using Ultrastructure Examination, Oxidative Stress Study, and In-Silico Molecular Docking. Molecules 2023; 28:6956. [PMID: 37836800 PMCID: PMC10574411 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Few studies have been carried out to appraise abamectin toxicity toward Locusta migratoria nymphs. (2) Methods: This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of abamectin as an insecticide through examining the changes and damage caused by this drug, in both neurosecretory cells and midgut, using L. migratoria nymphs as a model of the cytotoxic effect. Histopathological change in the brain was examined in both normal and abamectin-treated fifth-instar nymphs. Neurosecretory cells (NSCs) were also examined where there were loosely disintegrated cells or vacuolated cytoplasm. (3) Results: The results showed distinct histological changes in the gastrointestinal tract of L. migratoria nymphs treated with abamectin, with significant cellular damage and disorganization, i.e., characteristic symptoms of cell necrosis, a destroyed epithelium, enlarged cells, and reduced nuclei. The observed biochemical changes included an elevation in all measured oxidative stress parameters compared to untreated controls. The malondialdehyde activities (MDAs) of the treated nymphs had a five- to six-fold increase, with a ten-fold increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD), nine-fold increase in glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and four-fold increase in nitric oxide (NO). (4) Conclusions: To further investigate the theoretical method of action, a molecular docking simulation was performed, examining the possibility that abamectin is an inhibitor of the fatty acid-binding protein Lm-FABP (2FLJ) and that it binds with two successive electrostatic hydrogen bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amira Afify
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim Taha Radwan
- Supplementary General Sciences Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Future University in Egypt, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Hanaa Ghabban
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer Mousa Alkhaibari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hattan S. Gattan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21363, Saudi Arabia
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed H. Alruhaili
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21362, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelfattah Selim
- Department of Animal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh 13736, Egypt
| | - Mona M. Ali Saad
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
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Radwan MA, Gad AF. Exploring the mechanisms underlying the toxicity of boric acid against the land snail, Theba pisana. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:1692-1701. [PMID: 36585830 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The land snail, Theba pisana, is one of the most important threats facing agriculture around the globe. Boric acid (BOA) is currently used as a safe alternative molluscicide to control land snails in sustainable agriculture, but the mechanisms of toxicity have not yet been investigated. The present study characterizes the lethal and sub-lethal (0.5 and 1 mg g-1 ) toxic effects of BOA-contaminated food for 14 days by examining physiological, biochemical and histopathological indicators in T. pisana to understand the mechanisms underlying its toxic action. RESULTS BOA was found to be lethal against T. pisana with LC50 values of 24.7 and 8.05 mg g-1 after 3 and 7 days of exposure, respectively. BOA sublethal concentrations led to a significant reduction in food consumption and growth of snails after 14 days of exposure. BOA also caused a significant increase in testosterone levels, whereas an opposite effect was observed in estradiol levels. An increase in progesterone levels in snails in the 0.5 mg g-1 BOA group and a decrease in the 1 mg g-1 BOA group were observed after all exposure times. Moreover, the lipid peroxidation level and catalase activity were elevated, whereas acetylcholinesterase activity was inhibited in the treated snails. Alteration in glutathione-S-transferase activity was noticed after exposure to both sublethal concentrations. In addition, BOA induced histopathological alterations in the digestive gland of T. pisana. CONCLUSION Our findings provide novel insights into how physiological, biochemical and histopathological alterations can be used to explore the mechanisms underlying BOA toxicity against snails. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Radwan
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amira F Gad
- Department of Animal Pests, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Alexandria, Egypt
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Milyaeva PA, Nefedova LN. Boric Acid Resistance in Drosophila melanogaster Depends on the Expression Level of the Cyp9b2 Gene. RUSS J GENET+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795422040093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Ospina‐Pérez EM, Campeón‐Morales OI, Richardi VS, Rivera‐Páez FA. Histological description of immature
Chironomus columbiensis
(Diptera: Chironomidae): A potential contribution to environmental monitoring. Microsc Res Tech 2019; 82:1277-1289. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erika M. Ospina‐Pérez
- Grupo de Investigación GEBIOME, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesUniversidad de Caldas Caldas Colombia
| | - Oscar I. Campeón‐Morales
- Grupo de Investigación GEBIOME, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesUniversidad de Caldas Caldas Colombia
| | - Vinicius S. Richardi
- Laboratório de Morfologia e Fisiologia de Culicidae e Chironomidae, Departamento de ZoologiaUniversidade Federal do Paraná – UFPR Curitiba Paraná Brazil
| | - Fredy A. Rivera‐Páez
- Grupo de Investigación GEBIOME, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesUniversidad de Caldas Caldas Colombia
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Liu L, Hua BZ. Ultrastructure of the larval Malpighian tubules in Terrobittacus implicatus (Mecoptera: Bittacidae). PROTOPLASMA 2018; 255:1121-1128. [PMID: 29429130 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-018-1221-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The larvae of Bittacidae, a cosmopolitan family in Mecoptera, have an interesting habit of spraying the body surface with soil through the anus after hatching, and each molts. The fine structure of Malpighian tubules, however, remains largely unknown in the larvae of Bittacidae to date. Here, we studied the ultrastructure of the larval Malpighian tubules in the hangingfly Terrobittacus implicatus (Huang & Hua) using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The larvae of T. implicatus have six elongate Malpighian tubules at the junction of the midgut and hindgut. The tubule comprises a basal lamina, a single-layered epithelium, and a central lumen. The basal plasma membranes of the epithelial cells are conspicuously infolded and generate a labyrinth. The epithelium consists of two types of cells: large principal cells and scattered stellate cells. Mitochondria and cisterns of rough endoplasmic reticulum are numerous in the principal cells but are sparsely distributed in the stellate cells, indicating that the principal cells are active in transport. On the other hand, spherites are only abundant in the principal cells and are likely associated with the soil-spraying habit of the larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Education Ministry, Entomological Museum, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Bao-Zhen Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Education Ministry, Entomological Museum, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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Lin CC, Chang TW, Chen HW, Shih CH, Hsu PC. Development of Liquid Bait With Unique Bait Station for Control of Dolichoderus thoracicus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 110:1685-1692. [PMID: 28387830 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tox107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Dolichoderus thoracicus (Smith) has seriously infested urban, village, and agricultural environments in Taiwan. To develop optimal bait for the effective control of D. thoracicus, we investigated the feeding preferences of this ant at different sugar and amino acid concentrations in a laboratory setting. The number of feeding workers was significantly higher for 20% sucrose compared with that for other sugars at 10% and 20% concentrations. Furthermore, among all tested concentrations of monosodium glutamate (MSG; 1%, 3%, 5%, and 10%), the highest number of ants were attracted by 1% MSG with 20% sucrose. The consumption of each bait solution was also measured, and the results were similar to those for ant number. Regarding toxicants, the toxicity and repellency of 3% boric acid and borax bait were evaluated individually. Both 3% boric acid and borax demonstrated no repellency against D. thoracicus workers. The LT50 of the 3% boric acid bait was 4.87 d, whereas that of 3% borax bait was only 1.56 d. Thus, 3% boric acid showed further delayed action, facilitating workers spreading the toxicant to their nestmates through trophallaxis. In combination with our unique bait station, we propose an optimal bait formulation comprising 20% sucrose, 1% MSG, and 3% boric acid as a promising candidate for controlling D. thoracicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Chi Lin
- Department of Biology, National Changhua University of Education, No. 1, Jin-De Rd., Changhua City, 50007, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Wei Chang
- Department of Biology, National Changhua University of Education, No. 1, Jin-De Rd., Changhua City, 50007, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Wei Chen
- Department of Biology, National Changhua University of Education, No. 1, Jin-De Rd., Changhua City, 50007, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Han Shih
- Department of Biology, National Changhua University of Education, No. 1, Jin-De Rd., Changhua City, 50007, Taiwan
| | - Po-Cheng Hsu
- Department of Biology, National Changhua University of Education, No. 1, Jin-De Rd., Changhua City, 50007, Taiwan
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Loci Contributing to Boric Acid Toxicity in Two Reference Populations of Drosophila melanogaster. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2017; 7:1631-1641. [PMID: 28592646 PMCID: PMC5473745 DOI: 10.1534/g3.117.041418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Populations maintain considerable segregating variation in the response to toxic, xenobiotic compounds. To identify variants associated with resistance to boric acid, a commonly-used household insecticide with a poorly understood mechanism of action, we assayed thousands of individuals from hundreds of strains. Using the Drosophila Synthetic Population Resource (DSPR), a multi-parental population (MPP) of inbred genotypes, we mapped six QTL to short genomic regions containing few protein-coding genes (3–188), allowing us to identify plausible candidate genes underlying resistance to boric acid toxicity. One interval contains multiple genes from the cytochrome P450 family, and we show that ubiquitous RNAi of one of these genes, Cyp9b2, markedly reduces resistance to the toxin. Resistance to boric acid is positively correlated with caffeine resistance. The two phenotypes additionally share a pair of QTL, potentially suggesting a degree of pleiotropy in the genetic control of resistance to these two distinct xenobiotics. Finally, we screened the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP) in an attempt to identify sequence variants within mapped QTL that are associated with boric acid resistance. The approach was largely unsuccessful, with only one QTL showing any associations at QTL-specific 20% False Discovery Rate (FDR) thresholds. Nonetheless, these associations point to a potential candidate gene that can be targeted in future validation efforts. Although the mapping data resulting from the two reference populations do not clearly overlap, our work provides a starting point for further genetic dissection of the processes underlying boric acid toxicity in insects.
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Lavarías S, Arrighetti F, Siri A. Histopathological effects of cypermethrin and Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis on midgut of Chironomus calligraphus larvae (Diptera: Chironomidae). PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 139:9-16. [PMID: 28595928 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are extensively used for the control of agricultural pests and disease vectors, but they also affect non-target organisms. Cypermethrin (CYP) is a synthetic pyrethroid used worldwide. Otherwise, bioinsecticides like Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti) have received great attention as an environmentally benign and desirable alternative. In order to evaluate the toxicity of those pesticides, Chironomus calligraphus was selected due to its high sensitivity to some toxicants. Third and fourth instars larvae were exposed to serial dilutions of CYP and Bti to determine LC50 values. In order to evaluate the potentially histopathological alterations as biomarkers, after 96-h of exposure, live larvae were fixed for histological analysis of the mid region of digestive tract. The 96-h LC50 values were 0.52 and 1.506μg/L for CYP and Bti, respectively. Midgut histological structure of the control group showed a single layer of cubical cells with microvilli in their apical surface and a big central nucleus. The midgut epithelium of larvae exposed to a low concentration of CYP (0.037μg/L) showed secretion activity and vacuolization while at high concentration (0.3μg/L) cells showed a greater disorganization and a more developed fat body. On the other hand, Bti caused progressive histological damage in this tissue. Chironomus calligraphus is sensitive to Bti and CYP toxicity like other Chironomus species. The histopathological alterations could be a valuable tool to assess toxicity mechanism of different pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Lavarías
- Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet" (CCT - La Plata CONICET - UNLP), Blvd. 120 y 62 (1900) La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Florencia Arrighetti
- CONICET-Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, Av. Angel Gallardo 470, C1405DJR Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Augusto Siri
- Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet" (CCT - La Plata CONICET - UNLP), Blvd. 120 y 62 (1900) La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Giglio A, Brandmayr P. Structural and functional alterations in Malpighian tubules as biomarkers of environmental pollution: synopsis and prospective. J Appl Toxicol 2017; 37:889-894. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Giglio
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Ecologia e Scienze della Terra; Università della Calabria; Rende Italy
| | - Pietro Brandmayr
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Ecologia e Scienze della Terra; Università della Calabria; Rende Italy
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10
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Lachance S, Shiell J, Guerin MT, Scott-Dupree C. Effectiveness of Naturally Occurring Substances Added to Duck Litter in Reducing Emergence and Landing of Adult Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 110:288-297. [PMID: 28031470 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tow272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Poultry barns provide an ideal breeding environment for Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) owing to the controlled temperatures and litter (manure plus bedding material) accumulation. Management techniques that render the litter less suitable for immature stage development, such as the addition of naturally occurring insecticidal substances, could reduce fly infestations. The effectiveness of acetic, boric, and citric acids; diatomaceous earth; and hydrated lime at restricting female landing and growth of house flies in duck litter was evaluated. Litter treated with 1.9% and 4.7% by weight of acetic or boric acid had significantly lower adult emergence rates compared with the same concentrations of citric acid, diatomaceous earth, hydrated lime, or the untreated control litter. The pH of duck litter treated with acetic or citric acid was significantly reduced and remained significantly lower than the control litter (pH 8.7) for 10 d. Significantly more house flies landed on a house fly-rearing substrate (wheat bran, powdered milk, bloodmeal, water, and yeast) than litter treated with any of the other test substances or the control. The LC50 for boric acid was estimated to be 0.01% by weight, which was lower than that of acetic acid (1.42%). Similarly, the LC90 of boric acid was estimated to be 0.12%, which was lower than that of acetic acid (10.03%). Acetic acid and boric acid have the potential to be incorporated into litter as a pest management tactic to reduce house fly populations in duck production facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Lachance
- Ridgetown Campus, University of Guelph, Ridgetown, ON, Canada
- Corresponding author
| | - Justine Shiell
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Michele T Guerin
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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Decio P, Vieira AS, Dias NB, Palma MS, Bueno OC. The Postpharyngeal Gland: Specialized Organ for Lipid Nutrition in Leaf-Cutting Ants. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154891. [PMID: 27149618 PMCID: PMC4858231 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There are several hypotheses about the possible functions of the postpharyngeal gland (PPG) in ants. The proposed functions include roles as cephalic or gastric caeca and diverticulum of the digestive tract, mixing of hydrocarbons, nestmate recognition, feeding larvae, and the accumulation of lipids inside this gland, whose origin is contradictory. The current study aimed to investigate the functions of these glands by examining the protein expression profile of the PPGs of Atta sexdens rubropilosa (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Mated females received lipid supplementation and their glands were extracted and analyzed using a proteomic approach. The protocol used combined two-dimensional electrophoresis and shotgun strategies, followed by mass spectrometry. We also detected lipid β-oxidation by immunofluorescent marking of acyl-CoA dehydrogenase. Supplying ants with lipids elicited responses in the glandular cells of the PPG; these included increased expression of proteins related to defense mechanisms and signal transduction and reorganization of the cytoskeleton due to cell expansion. In addition, some proteins in PPG were overexpressed, especially those involved in lipid and energy metabolism. Part of the lipids may be reduced, used for the synthesis of fatty alcohol, transported to the hemolymph, or may be used as substrate for the synthesis of acetyl-CoA, which is oxidized to form molecules that drive oxidative phosphorylation and produce energy for cellular metabolic processes. These findings suggest that this organ is specialized for lipid nutrition of adult leaf-cutting ants and characterized like a of diverticulum foregut, with the ability to absorb, store, metabolize, and mobilize lipids to the hemolymph. However, we do not rule out that the PPG may have other functions in other species of ants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pâmela Decio
- Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexsandro Santana Vieira
- Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail: (ASV); (OCB)
| | - Nathalia Baptista Dias
- Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural e Zooquímica, Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mario Sergio Palma
- Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural e Zooquímica, Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Odair Correa Bueno
- Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail: (ASV); (OCB)
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Jacob CRO, Soares HM, Nocelli RCF, Malaspina O. Impact of fipronil on the mushroom bodies of the stingless bee Scaptotrigona postica. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2015; 71:114-122. [PMID: 24648377 DOI: 10.1002/ps.3776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies on stingless bees are scarce, and little is known about these insects, especially regarding the effects of contamination by neurotoxic insecticides, which can cause damage to important structures of the insect brain. This study evaluated the morphological changes in the intrinsic neurons of the protocerebral mushroom bodies (Kenyon cells) of the stingless bee Scaptotrigona postica after exposure to different doses of fipronil, using light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. This region of the brain was selected for analysis because of its importance as a sensory integration centre. RESULTS In both oral and topical treatments, Kenyon cells presented pyknotic profiles, suggesting cell death. Statistical analysis showed significant differences among doses and exposure times. Transmission electron microscopy revealed changes in the nucleus and cellular organelles. Depending on the dose, the characteristics observed suggested apoptotosis or necrosis. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the toxic effects of fipronil. An increase in the number of pyknotic profiles of Kenyon cells of mushroom bodies was observed even at the sublethal doses of 0.27 ng AI bee(-1) and 0.24 ng AI µL(-1) in the topical and oral treatments respectively. Also, differences in the number of pyknotic profiles were dose and time dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia R O Jacob
- Universidade Estadual Paulista 'Júlio Mesquita Filho' (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências, Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais (CEIS), Campus Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
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Effect of boric acid on antioxidant enzyme activity, lipid peroxidation, and ultrastructure of midgut and fat body of Galleria mellonella. Cell Biol Toxicol 2013; 29:117-29. [PMID: 23475114 PMCID: PMC3597273 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-013-9240-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Boric acid is widely used as an insecticide, acaricide, herbicide, and fungicide and also during various industrial processings. Hence, numerous populations are subjects to this toxic compound. Its action on animals is still not fully known and understood. We examined the effect of boric acid on larvae of greater wax moth (Galleria mellonella). The chemical appeared to be toxic for larvae, usually in a concentration-dependent manner. Exposed groups revealed increased lipid peroxidation and altered activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase, and glutathione peroxidase. We also observed changes of ultrastructure, which were in tune with biochemical assays. We suggest that boric acid has a broad mode of action, which may affect exposed larvae, and even if sublethal, they may lead to disturbances within exposed populations.
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Decio P, Silva-Zacarin EC, Bueno FC, Bueno OC. Toxicological and histopathological effects of hydramethylnon on Atta sexdens rubropilosa (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) workers. Micron 2013; 45:22-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2012.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Revised: 10/07/2012] [Accepted: 10/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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