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Lin Q, Tu X, Li X, Gou F, Gao H, Lu Z, Feng J, Ying Y, Hu C. Effects of low protein diets on acid-base balance, electrolyte balance, intestinal structure, and amino acid transport in piglets. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024; 108:1107-1118. [PMID: 38567963 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Reducing the dietary crude protein (CP) could effectively reduce pressure on protein ingredient supplies. However, few data have been reported about the extent to which CP can be reduced and whether limiting the use of soybean meal leads to electrolyte imbalance. In this experiment, using the low protein (LP) diet [2% lower than NRC (2012)], seventy-two piglets (35 days old) were randomly divided into 2 groups with 6 replicates of 6 piglets each: CON group (CP = 18.5%) and LP group (CP = 16.5%), to investigate the effect of the LP diet on electrolyte balance, acid-base balance, intestinal structure and amino acid transport in piglets. The results revealed that the LP diet decreased the average daily gain and dietary CP digestibility, and damaged the villi structure of the small intestine. Compared with the CON diet, the potassium content decreased and the chlorine content increased in the LP diet, and similar trends were shown in piglet serum. The arterial pH, pCO2, HCO3 -, and base excess of piglets in the LP group were lower than those in the CON group, while pO2 was higher than those in the CON group. Interestingly, the LP diet significantly increased the lysine content in piglet serum and significantly decreased the levels of arginine, leucine, and glutamic acid. Furthermore, the LP diet significantly affected the expression of some amino acid transport vectors (B0AT1, EAAC1, and y+LAT1). In summary, these findings suggested that the LP diet leads to acid-base imbalance, amino acid transport disorder and amino acids imbalance in piglets, and the dietary electrolyte may be a key factor in the impact of the LP diet on piglet growth performance and intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Lin
- College of Animal Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodian Tu
- College of Animal Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Animal Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feiyang Gou
- College of Animal Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Animal Husbandry Technology Promotion and Breeding Livestock and Poultry Monitoring Station of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zeqing Lu
- College of Animal Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Feng
- College of Animal Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongfei Ying
- Animal Husbandry Technology Promotion and Breeding Livestock and Poultry Monitoring Station of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Caihong Hu
- College of Animal Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
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Okamoto E, Matsuda S, Yoshino Y, Morikawa Y, Suenami K, Tabuchi Y, Matsunaga T, Hayashi H, Ikari A. Increase in Paracellular Leakage of Amino Acids Mediated by Aging-Induced Reduction of Claudin-4 Expression. J Nutr 2023; 153:3360-3372. [PMID: 37806357 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Claudins (CLDNs), major components of tight junctions, control paracellular permeabilities of mineral ions and wastes. The absorption of nutrients including glucose and amino acids (AAs) is regulated by intestinal epithelial cells. However, the role of CLDNs is not fully understood. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of AA deprivation on the expression of AA transporters and CLDNs, as well as the role of CLDNs in the regulation of paracellular AA fluxes. METHODS The messenger RNA and protein expression of various CLDNs were examined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses, respectively. The AA selectivity of CLDNs was estimated using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. RESULTS The expression levels of some AA transporters, CLDN4, and CLDN15 were increased by AA deprivation in normal mouse colon-derived MCE301 cells. The expression of AA transporters and CLDN15 in the mouse colon was positively correlated with aging but the expression of CLDN4 was not. The AA deprivation-induced elevation of CLDN4 expression was inhibited by MHY1485, a mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activator. Furthermore, CLDN4 expression was increased by rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor. mTOR may be involved in the transcriptional activation of CLDN4. The fluxes of AAs from the basal to apical compartments were decreased and increased by CLDN4 overexpression and silencing, respectively. LC-MS analysis showed that the fluxes of all AAs, especially Lys, His, and Arg, were enhanced by CLDN4 silencing. CONCLUSIONS CLDN4 is suggested to form a paracellular barrier to AAs, especially alkaline AAs, which is attenuated with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ema Okamoto
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Matsuda
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yuta Yoshino
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Morikawa
- Forensic Science Laboratory, Gifu Prefectural Police Headquarters, Gifu, Japan
| | - Koichi Suenami
- Forensic Science Laboratory, Gifu Prefectural Police Headquarters, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Tabuchi
- Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | | | | | - Akira Ikari
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan.
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Reduction in Diarrhoea and Modulation of Intestinal Gene Expression in Pigs Allocated a Low Protein Diet without Medicinal Zinc Oxide Post-Weaning. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12080989. [PMID: 35454236 PMCID: PMC9027983 DOI: 10.3390/ani12080989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Post-weaning diarrhoea in pigs can be a challenge and medicinal zinc oxide can decrease the need for antibiotic treatment. Low protein diets decrease diarrhoea post-weaning and soy protein concentrate improves protein digestion when compared to a soybean meal based diet. The aim of this study was to test the effect of low protein diets with different protein sources as an alternative to medicinal zinc oxide. The study demonstrated that low protein diets can decrease diarrhoea-related antibiotic treatments but also reduces growth performance. Additionally, the study presented a difference in gut nutrient metabolism when feeding very low protein levels. Abstract Weaning comprises a challenging period for pigs, but dietary tools can be implemented to avoid excess antibiotics usage. Therefore, we tested the effect of a 17.6% crude protein (CP) diet on growth and diarrhoea and investigated the effect of a 15.5% CP diet post-weaning on transcriptomic responses, growth, and diarrhoea-related antibiotic treatments. At weaning, pigs were divided into five dietary treatment groups in a three-phase diet from weaning to 30 kg bodyweight. The diets included a positive control group (PC) with medicinal zinc oxide, a negative control group (NC), a 17.6% CP diet based on soy protein concentrate (SP), a 17.6% CP diet based on soybean meal (SB), and a 15.5% CP diet with additional amino acids (XLA). Growth performance and the occurrence of diarrhoea were similar between the SP and SB groups. The XLA pigs had a reduced weight gain and fewer antibiotics treatments caused by diarrhoea, as well as a reduced level of blood proteins. Intestinal tissue samples from the XLA pigs displayed decreased expression of genes involved in nutrient metabolism and immune responses relative to the PC group. In conclusion, a very low CP diet reduces antibiotics treatments, but also adapts gut nutrient metabolism and reduces growth performance.
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Li M, Tang W, Liao P, Li Y. Evaluating the Influence of Different Recommended Dietary Levels of Cu and Zn on Finishing Pigs. Front Vet Sci 2022; 8:770195. [PMID: 35111837 PMCID: PMC8801699 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.770195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of different recommended levels of Cu and Zn on antioxidant capacity, tissue mineral status, minerals excretion, meat quality, digestive enzyme activity, and metal transporters in finishing pigs. A total of 120 pigs (with an average initial body weight (BW) of 70.0 ± 2.1 kg) were randomly divided into four treatments: (1) basal diet without added Cu or Zn (control), (2) basal diet+35 mg cupreous N-carbamylglutamate chelate (NCG-Cu) +150 mg zinc-methionine chelate (Zn-Met) (AC), (3) basal diet + 3.0 mg of NCG-Cu + 43 mg Zn-Met (CN), and (4) basal diet + 3.5 mg NCG-Cu + 50 mg Zn-Met (NRC100). Pig growth performance was not affected by the level of Cu or Zn. Among the four treatments, the AC treatment had the highest concentration (P < 0.05) of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). Pigs fed the AC diet had the highest (P < 0.05) liver Zn, fecal Cu, and fecal Zn among the four treatments. The protein levels of trypsin and aminopeptidase N (APN) in the intestinal mucosa showed their highest levels (P < 0.05) in the NRC100 and AC treatments. The mRNA levels of trypsinogen and APN were significantly up-regulated (P < 0.05) in the AC, CN, and NRC100 treatments compared with the control. The mRNA levels for the Zn transporter genes SLC30A1 (ZnT1) and SLC30A2 (ZnT2) were significantly up-regulated (P < 0.05) in the AC treatment, and the mRNA levels for SLC39A4 (ZIP4) and metallothionein 1 (MT) in the AC, CN, and NRC100 treatments were significantly up-regulated (P < 0.05) compared with the control. Meat quality were not affected (P > 0.05) by the different recommended levels of Cu and Zn. These results indicated that the supplemental Cu and Zn levels routinely used in AC diets in Chinese commercial feed enterprises should be reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijun Li
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Biological and Electromechanical Polytechnic, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Hunan Tianxin Seed Industry Co., Ltd, Chenzhou, China
| | - Peng Liao
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Peng Liao
| | - Yunhu Li
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Biological and Electromechanical Polytechnic, Changsha, China
- Yunhu Li
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Mogire MK, Choi J, Lu P, Yang C, Liu S, Adewole D, Rodas-Gonzalez A, Yang C. Effects of red-osier dogwood extracts on growth performance, intestinal digestive and absorptive functions, and meat quality of broiler chickens. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2020-0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A total of 320 one-day-old Cobb 500 chicks with an initial weight of 48.3 ± 3.3 g·pen−1 were assigned to four dietary treatments with eight replicates provided in three phases for 46 d. The treatments were fed as mash diets and included (1) negative control (NC) corn-soybean basal diet, (2) positive control (PC) basal diet with 30 ppm avilamycin, (3) basal diet supplemented with 1000 ppm red-osier dogwood extracts (RDE1), and (4) basal diet with 3000 ppm red-osier dogwood extracts (RDE2). Results showed reduced jejunal crypt depth in RDE1 and increased villus:crypt ratio in groups (either RDE1 or RDE2) (P < 0.05). Cationic amino acid (AA) transporter mRNA abundance was decreased (P < 0.05) in RDE1, RDE2, and PC treatments, but peptide and neutral AA transporter mRNA abundance were higher (P < 0.05) in RDE2 compared with NC. Apparent ileal digestibility of crude fat was increased in RDE2 and PC compared with NC, whereas AA digestibility was greater in RDE1, RDE2, and PC (P < 0.05). In conclusion, red-osier dogwood had no effect on growth performance, improved the intestinal health and function of broiler chickens, and had no detrimental effects on meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion K. Mogire
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Janghan Choi
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Peng Lu
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Chongwu Yang
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Shangxi Liu
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Deborah Adewole
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada
| | | | - Chengbo Yang
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
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Ma M, Geng S, Liu M, Zhao L, Zhang J, Huang S, Ma Q. Effects of Different Methionine Levels in Low Protein Diets on Production Performance, Reproductive System, Metabolism, and Gut Microbiota in Laying Hens. Front Nutr 2021; 8:739676. [PMID: 34692750 PMCID: PMC8526799 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.739676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of different levels of methionine (Met) in a low protein diet on the production performance, reproductive system, metabolism, and gut microbial composition of laying hens to reveal the underlying molecular mechanism of Met in a low protein diet on the host metabolism and gut microbial composition and function of hens. A total of 360 healthy 38-week-old Peking Pink laying hens with similar body conditions and egg production (EP) were randomly divided into four groups with nine replicates per treatment and 10 hens per replicate. The hens in each treatment group were fed low protein diets containing different levels of Met (0.25, 0.31, 0.38, and 0.47%, respectively) for 12 weeks. Feed and water were provided ad libitum throughout the trial period. The results showed that, compared with the 0.25% Met group, the final body weight (FBW), average daily gain (ADG), EP, egg weight (EW), and average daily feed intake (ADFI) in the other groups were significantly increased and feed egg ratio (FER) was decreased. Meanwhile, the EW and yield of abdominal fat (AFY) in the 0.47% Met group were higher than those in other groups. The triglyceride (TG), estradiol (E2), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), and immunoglobulin A (IgA) in the 0.38 and 0.47% Met groups were higher than those in other groups. In addition, 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that there was no difference in the Sobs index, ACE index, and Shannon index among all groups. However, it is worth noting that feeding low protein diets with Met changed the gut microbial composition (e.g., the supplementation of Met increased the level of Lactobacillus and decreased the proportion of Faecalibacterium). Also, our results showed that the changes in gut microbial composition induced by the diets with different levels of Met were closely related to the changes of key parameters: ADFI, EW, FBW, TG, EM, EP, ADG, FER, and uric acid (UA). Our results highlight the role of adding an appropriate amount of Met to the low protein diet in laying hens, which could improve the gut microbial composition, production performance, reproductive system, and nutrient metabolism of laying hens. In conclusion, this study suggested that when the Met level was 0.38%, the production performance of the laying hens was pretty good.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaolin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shunju Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Meiling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lihong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shimeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiugang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Brezas A, Kumar V, Overturf K, Hardy RW. Dietary amino acid supplementation affects temporal expression of amino acid transporters and metabolic genes in selected and commercial strains of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 255:110589. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2021.110589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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8
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Jia M, Zhang H, Xu J, Su Y, Zhu W. Feeding frequency affects the growth performance, nutrient digestion and absorption of growing pigs with the same daily feed intake. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Impact of Dietary Crude Protein Level on Hepatic Lipid Metabolism in Weaned Female Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061829. [PMID: 34207398 PMCID: PMC8235084 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary It has been reported that a high crude protein diet could reverse the diet-induced lipid accumulation in the liver of mice and rodents. However, in vivo data supporting a functional role of a high crude protein diet on hepatic lipid metabolism-associated genes and proteins in weaned piglets is not available. In the present study, we aimed to provide a mechanistic insight into alterations in the hepatic lipid lipogenesis, lipolysis, oxidation, and gluconeogenesis in response to different dietary crude protein levels. Our results demonstrated that dietary crude protein could regulate hepatic lipid metabolism through regulating hepatic lipid lipogenesis, lipolysis, oxidation, and gluconeogenesis. The result indicated an important role of dietary crude protein in regulating hepatic lipid metabolism in weaned piglets. Abstract Amino acids serve not only as building blocks for proteins, but also as substrates for the synthesis of low-molecular-weight substances involved in hepatic lipid metabolism. In the present study, eighteen weaned female piglets at 35 days of age were fed a corn- and soybean meal-based diet containing 20%, 17%, or 14% crude protein (CP), respectively. We found that 17% or 20% CP administration reduced the triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations, while enhanced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration in serum. Western blot analysis showed that piglets in the 20% CP group had higher protein abundance of hormone-sensitive triglyceride lipase (HSL) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), as compared with other groups. Moreover, the mRNA expression of sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 (SREBPF1), fatty acid synthase (FASN), and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) were lower in the 17% or 20% CP group, compared with those of the piglets administered with 14% CP. Of note, the mRNA level of acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACα) was lower in the 17% CP group, compared with other groups. Additionally, the mRNA level of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha α (PPARα), glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit (G6PC), and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PKC1) in the liver of piglets in the 20% CP group were higher than those of the 14% CP group. Collectively, our results demonstrated that dietary CP could regulate hepatic lipid metabolism through altering hepatic lipid lipogenesis, lipolysis, oxidation, and gluconeogenesis.
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To VPTH, Masagounder K, Loewen ME. Critical transporters of methionine and methionine hydroxyl analogue supplements across the intestine: What we know so far and what can be learned to advance animal nutrition. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2021; 255:110908. [PMID: 33482339 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.110908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
DL-methionine (DL-Met) and its analogue DL-2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio) butanoic acid (DL-methionine hydroxyl analogue or DL-MHA) have been used as nutritional supplements in the diets of farmed raised animals. Knowledge of the intestinal transport mechanisms involved in these products is important for developing dietary strategies. This review provides updated information of the expression, function, and transport kinetics in the intestine of known Met-linked transporters along with putative MHA-linked transporters. As a neutral amino acid (AA), the transport of DL-Met is facilitated by multiple apical sodium-dependent/-independent high-/low-affinity transporters such as ASCT2, B0AT1 and rBAT/b0,+AT. The basolateral transport largely relies on the rate-limiting uniporter LAT4, while the presence of the basolateral antiporter y+LAT1 is probably necessary for exchanging intracellular cationic AAs and Met in the blood. In contrast, the intestinal transport kinetics of DL-MHA have been scarcely studied. DL-MHA transport is generally accepted to be mediated simply by the proton-dependent monocarboxylate transporter MCT1. However, in-depth mechanistic studies have indicated that DL-MHA transport is also achieved through apical sodium monocarboxylate transporters (SMCTs). In any case, reliance on either a proton or sodium gradient would thus require energy input for both Met and MHA transport. This expanding knowledge of the specific transporters involved now allows us to assess the effect of dietary ingredients on the expression and function of these transporters. Potentially, the resulting information could be furthered with selective breeding to reduce overall feed costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Pham Thi Ha To
- Veterinary Biomedical Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | | | - Matthew E Loewen
- Veterinary Biomedical Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
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Tian Z, Ma X, Deng D, Cui Y, Chen W. Influence of Nitrogen Levels on Nutrient Transporters and Regulators of Protein Synthesis in Small Intestinal Enterocytes of Piglets. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:2782-2793. [PMID: 30785738 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To investigate effects of dietary nitrogen level on nutrient absorption and utilization in small intestinal enterocyte of piglets, weaned piglets were fed for 10 days with diets containing 20%, 17%, or 14% crude protein (CP) with supplementation to meet requirements for essential amino acids in vivo, and IPEC-1 cells were cultured with different nitrogen levels (NL) in a culture medium (70%, 85%, and 100%) in vitro by monocultured and cocultured intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-1) and human gastric epithelial cells (GES-1). The results showed the following: (1) In animal trial, decreased dietary CP reduced transcript abundance of nutrient transporters like CAT1, PepT1, GLUT2, and SGLT-1 in jejunal mucosa (0.09 ± 0.03, P < 0.0001; 0.40 ± 0.04, P = 0.0087; 0.20 ± 0.07, P = 0.0003; 0.35 ± 0.02, P = 0.0001), but 17% CP diet did not affect jejunal protein synthesis. (2) The transcript abundance of nutrient transporters displayed similarly effective tendency in jejunal mucosa and cocultured IPEC-1 rather than that in monocultured IPEC-1. (3) Decreased nitrogen levels reduced expressive abundance of PI3K, Class 3 PI3K, TSC2, and 4E-BP1 in monocultured IPEC-1, but 85% nitrogen level did not affect expressive abundance of PI3K, TSC2, mTORC1, 4E-BP1, and S6K1 in cocultured IPEC-1. In general, decreased 3% CP or 15% nitrogen level reduced relative transcript expression of nutrient transporters, but did not affect protein synthesis in jejunal mucosa and cocultured IPEC-1. Therefore, decreased 3% dietary CP increased utilized and synthetic efficiency of nitrogen resource in small intestine and was beneficial in saving the dietary nitrogen resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimei Tian
- Institute of Animal Science , Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science , Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou 510640 , China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Institute of Animal Science , Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Xianyong Ma
- Institute of Animal Science , Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science , Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou 510640 , China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Institute of Animal Science , Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Dun Deng
- Institute of Animal Science , Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science , Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou 510640 , China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Institute of Animal Science , Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Yiyan Cui
- Institute of Animal Science , Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science , Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou 510640 , China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Institute of Animal Science , Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Weidong Chen
- Institute of Animal Science , Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science , Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou 510640 , China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Institute of Animal Science , Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , China
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12
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Li Y, Han H, Yin J, He X, Tang Z, Li T, Yao K, Yin Y. d- andl-Aspartate regulates growth performance, inflammation and intestinal microbial community in young pigs. Food Funct 2019; 10:1028-1037. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01410h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Dietary 1%d-Asp andl-Asp affect the growth performance and inflammation in young pigs, which might be associated with gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process; Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture
- Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central
- Ministry of Agriculture
- Changsha
| | - Hui Han
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process; Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture
- Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central
- Ministry of Agriculture
- Changsha
| | - Jie Yin
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process; Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture
- Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central
- Ministry of Agriculture
- Changsha
| | - Xingguo He
- Changsha LvYe Bio-technology Co
- Ltd
- Changsha
- China
| | - Zhiyi Tang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process; Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture
- Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central
- Ministry of Agriculture
- Changsha
| | - Tiejun Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process; Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture
- Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central
- Ministry of Agriculture
- Changsha
| | - Kang Yao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process; Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture
- Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central
- Ministry of Agriculture
- Changsha
| | - Yulong Yin
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process; Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture
- Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central
- Ministry of Agriculture
- Changsha
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Vieira DVG, Silva JHV, Costa FGP, Melo TS, Lima MR, Cavalcante DT, de Vargas Júnior JG, Bonaparte TP, Oliveira LC. Supplementation of L-glycine and L-glutamate to Japanese quails from 01 to 36 days of age using the ideal protein concept. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2018; 103:116-124. [PMID: 30402888 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Experiment I: T1-1 = basal diet with 25% crude protein (CP) + limiting amino acids (LA); T1-2 = 20% CP + LA; T1-3 = 20% CP + LA + L-glycine; T1-4 = 20% CP + LA + L-glutamate; T1-5 = 20% CP + LA + L-glycine + L-glutamate. Experiment II: T2-1 = basal diet with 22% CP + LA; T2-2 = 20% CP + LA; T2-3 = 17.6% CP + LA + L-glycine; T2-4 = 17.6% CP + LA + L-glutamate; T2-5 = 17.6% CP + LA + L-glycine + L-glutamate. The reduction of dietary protein based on the concept of ideal protein decreases nitrogen excretion in quails when L-glycine is added to the diets. Quails fed diets supplemented with L-glutamate as the non-specific nitrogen source equivalent to the nitrogen level of the control diet had increased nitrogen excretion. However, quails had reduced nitrogen excretion in both experiments when L-glycine was added to diets with L-glutamate. Carcass fat was increased by reducing dietary protein, but fat deposition was reduced by adding L-glutamate and L-glycine, or both. The dietary addition of L-glutamate and L-glycine in quails based on the ideal protein concept is not necessary (Exp. I). Although the total nitrogen, electrolytic balance and glycine level were adjusted in diets, quails had decreased performance. Therefore, other hypotheses besides protein reduction need to be studied (Exp. II). Protein reduction with supplementation of only limiting essential amino acids does not affect quail performance. Dietary addition of L-glycine reduces nitrogen excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Matheus R Lima
- Federal University of South Bahia, Teixeira de Freitas, Brazil
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14
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Ma X, Tian Z, Deng D, Cui Y, Qiu Y. Effect of Dietary Protein Level on the Expression of Proteins in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Young Pigs. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:4364-4372. [PMID: 29455533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b05655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this research is to investigate the effect of protein level on proteins expression in the gastrointestinal tract of young pigs. Eighteen piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) were weaned at 28 days of age and randomly assigned to three diets with 20%, 17%, and 14% CP level, and four essential amino acids, Lys, Met, Thr, and Trp, in three diets met the requirements of weaned piglets. The experimental period lasted 45 days. Compared with the control (20% CP level), the average daily feed intake, the average daily gain, and gain feed ratio of the 17% CP group did not decrease ( P > 0.05), but those of 14% CP group decreased ( P < 0.05). The proteomics profiles result of three tissues (gastric antrum, duodenum, and jejunum) showed that, compared with the control, the immune system, protein digestion and absorption, lipid or carbon digestion and absorption, etc. were up-regulated in 17% CP group, while most of them were down-regulated in 14% CP group. Amino acids metabolism of gastric, pancreatic secretion of duodenum or steroid hormone biosynthesis of jejunum was down-regulated in the 17% CP group, but the lipid metabolism was up-regulated in the 14% CP group. Six proteins were selected for identification by Western-blot, and their changes had the same trend as the proteomics results. The protein level decreased from 20% to 17%, the growth performance was not affected, while the nutrient digestion and absorption or the immune function were improved, which implied that 17% protein level maybe benefit for nutrients absorption of pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyong Ma
- Institute of Animal Science , Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou 510640 , China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Zhimei Tian
- Institute of Animal Science , Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou 510640 , China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Dun Deng
- Institute of Animal Science , Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou 510640 , China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Yiyan Cui
- Institute of Animal Science , Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou 510640 , China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Yueqin Qiu
- Institute of Animal Science , Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou 510640 , China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640 , China
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15
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Li Y, Han H, Yin J, Zheng J, Zhu X, Li T, Yin Y. Effects of glutamate and aspartate on growth performance, serum amino acids, and amino acid transporters in piglets. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2018.1437892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Han
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Animal Science, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaotong Zhu
- College of Life Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tiejun Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
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16
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Miao HY, Wang MY, Chang JQ, Tao H, Sun B, Wang QM. Effects of glucose and gibberellic acid on glucosinolate content and antioxidant properties of Chinese kale sprouts. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2017; 18:1093-1100. [PMID: 29204989 PMCID: PMC5742292 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1700308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolates, anthocyanins, total phenols, and vitamin C, as well as antioxidant capacity, were investigated in Chinese kale sprouts treated with both glucose and gibberellic acid (GA3). The combination of 3% (0.03 g/ml) glucose and 5 μmol/L GA3 treatment was effective in increasing glucosinolate content while glucose or GA3 treatment alone did not influence significantly almost all individual glucosinolates or total glucosinolates. The total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of Chinese kale sprouts were enhanced by combined treatment with glucose and GA3, which could be useful in improving the main health-promoting compounds and antioxidant activity in Chinese kale sprouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-ying Miao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Meng-yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jia-qi Chang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Han Tao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bo Sun
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qiao-mei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou 310058, China
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17
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Cheng SS, Li Y, Geng SJ, Hu LS, Fu XF, Han XY. Effects of dietary fresh fermented soybean meal on growth performance, ammonia and particulate matter emissions, and nitrogen excretion in nursery piglets. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2017; 18:1083-1092. [PMID: 29204988 PMCID: PMC5742291 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1700180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of fresh fermented soybean meal (FSM) on the growth performance of nursery piglets, nitrogen excretion in feces, and the concentrations of ammonia (NH3) and particulate matter (PM) in the piggery. A total of 472 nursery piglets (Landrace×Yorkshire, (16.3±0.36) kg body weight) were randomly allocated into two treatments with 236 pigs in each treatment. The pigs were fed the basal diet without fresh FSM (control) or diet containing 10% (100 g/kg) fresh FSM (FSM group), and the crude protein content of the two groups was consistent. The feeding trial lasted for 28 d. The results showed that the pigs fed fresh FSM had increased (P<0.05) average daily gain (ADG) compared with the control. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in feed to gain ratio (F:G) between the two groups. During the whole experiment, the concentration of NH3 in the piggery decreased (P<0.05) by 19.0%, and the concentrations of PM (PM10 and PM2.5) in the piggery decreased (P<0.05) by 19.9% and 11.6%, respectively, in the FSM group, compared with the control. The ammonia nitrogen and nitrite content in feces increased (P<0.05) by 32.9% and 28.4%, respectively, in the FSM group. The fecal pH declined (P<0.05) significantly in the FSM group compared with the control. At the end of experiment, total protein (TP) concentration was increased (P<0.05) significantly and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration was decreased (P<0.05) for pigs fed the diet with fresh FSM. The results indicated that dietary fresh FSM not only improved the growth performance of nursery piglets, but also reduced the NH3 concentration in the piggery due to nitrogen conversion, and decreased the concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 in the piggery.
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18
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Cui ML, Yang HY, He GQ. Apoptosis induction of colorectal cancer cells HTL-9 in vitro by the transformed products of soybean isoflavones by Ganoderma lucidum. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2017; 18:1101-1112. [PMID: 29204990 PMCID: PMC5742293 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1700189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Soybean isoflavones have been one of the potential preventive candidates for antitumor research in recent years. In this paper, we first studied the transformation of soybean isoflavones with the homogenized slurry of Ganoderma lucidum. The resultant transformed products (TSI) contained (703.21±4.35) mg/g of genistein, with transformed rates of 96.63% and 87.82% of daidzein and genistein, respectively, and TSI also could enrich the bioactive metabolites of G. lucidum. The antitumor effects of TSI on human colorectal cancer cell line HTL-9, human breast cancer cell line MCF-7, and human immortalized gastric epithelial cell line GES-1 were also studied. The 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay showed that TSI could dramatically reduce the viability rates of HTL-9 cells and MCF-7 cells without detectable cytotoxicity on GES-1 normal cells when the TSI concentration was lower than 100 μg/ml. With 100 μg/ml of TSI, HTL-9 cells were arrested in the G1 phase, and late-apoptosis was primarily induced, accompanied with partial early-apoptosis. TSI could induce primarily early-apoptosis by arresting cells in the G1 phase of MCF-7 cells. For HTL-9 cells, Western-blot and reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis showed that TSI (100 μg/ml) can up-regulate the expression of Bax, Caspase-3, Caspase-8, and cytochrome c (Cyto-c), indicating that TSI could induce cell apoptosis mainly through the mitochondrial pathway. In addition, the expression of p53 was up-regulated, while the expression of Survivin and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) was down-regulated. All these results showed that TSI could induce apoptosis of HTL-9 cells by the regulation of multiple apoptosis-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-lin Cui
- College of Food Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041004, China
| | - Huan-yi Yang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Guo-qing He
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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19
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Osmanyan AK, Ghazi Harsini S, Mahdavi R, Fisinin VI, Arkhipova AL, Glazko TT, Kovalchuk SN, Kosovsky GY. Intestinal amino acid and peptide transporters in broiler are modulated by dietary amino acids and protein. Amino Acids 2017; 50:353-357. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-017-2510-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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20
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Tian ZM, Ma XY, Yang XF, Fan QL, Xiong YX, Qiu YQ, Wang L, Wen XL, Jiang ZY. Influence of low protein diets on gene expression of digestive enzymes and hormone secretion in the gastrointestinal tract of young weaned piglets. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2017; 17:742-751. [PMID: 27704744 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1600229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
To investigate dietary protein level effects on digestive mechanisms, weaned piglets were fed for 45 d with diets containing 20%, 17%, or 14% crude protein (CP) supplemented to meet requirements for essential amino acids. This article describes the influence of dietary protein on gastrointestinal hormones and expression of an array of digestive enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas. Results indicated that there were no significant differences in expression of enzymes involved in carbohydrate digestion, except for maltase in the duodenum. In the jejunum, amylase expression in pigs fed 20% CP was much higher than that in pigs fed other diets (P<0.05) and maltase expression in those fed 17% CP was higher than that in other treatments (P<0.05). Although there were no remarkable differences in expression of aminopeptidase in the small intestine or carboxypeptidase in the pancreas (P>0.05), there was a trend towards higher expression of various proteases in pigs fed 17% CP. The duodenal expression of enteropeptidase in diets with 14% and 17% CP was significantly higher than that with 20% CP (P<0.05), but treatment differences did not existed in jejunum (P>0.05). The expression of GPR93 as a nutrient-responsive G protein-coupled receptor in 14% and 17% CP diets was significantly higher than that in 20% CP diet in the small intestine (P<0.05). The expressions of genes for pancreatic enzymes, lipase and elastase, were significantly higher in pigs fed diets with low CP, while similar trends occurred for carboxypeptidase, chymotrypsin and amylase. Conversely, the gastric expressions of pepsinogen A and progastricsin were lower with the 17% CP diet. Differences between treatments were found in the gastric antral contents of cholecystokinin and somatostatin: both increased in pigs fed 17% CP, accompanied by decreased content of motilin, which was also seen in plasma concentrations. These patterns were not reflected in duodenal contents. In general, 17% dietary CP was beneficial to the digestion of nutrient substance in the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Mei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xian-Yong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xue-Fen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Qiu-Li Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yun-Xia Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yue-Qin Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiao-Lu Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zong-Yong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Li Y, Li F, Chen S, Duan Y, Guo Q, Wang W, Wen C, Yin Y. Protein-Restricted Diet Regulates Lipid and Energy Metabolism in Skeletal Muscle of Growing Pigs. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:9412-9420. [PMID: 27960278 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the lipid metabolism and energy status of skeletal muscle of pigs as affected by dietary protein restriction. Eighteen growing pigs were distributed into three treatments, and each group was fed one of three levels (20, 17, and 14%) of crude protein (CP) diets. Our results showed that pigs fed the 20% CP had greater (P < 0.05) gain:feed and muscle weight than those fed the 14% CP, but no differences between the 20 and 17% CP treatments. Additionally, protein restriction tended to increase (P = 0.07) the content of intramuscular fat (IMF) and up-regulated (P < 0.05) expression of lipogenic-related genes. Energy status was changed and, concomitantly, AMP-activated protein kinase α pathway was inhibited by reducing the dietary protein level. These results indicate protein restriction could be useful to improve IMF content of pigs through regulating lipid metabolism and associated energy utilization in muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture , Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 10008, China
| | - Fengna Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture , Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, CICAPS, Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients , Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture , Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 10008, China
| | - Yehui Duan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture , Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 10008, China
| | - Qiuping Guo
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture , Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 10008, China
| | - Wenlong Wang
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, School of Biology, Hunan Normal University , Changsha, Hunan 410018, China
| | - Chaoyue Wen
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, School of Biology, Hunan Normal University , Changsha, Hunan 410018, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture , Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, School of Biology, Hunan Normal University , Changsha, Hunan 410018, China
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Li YH, Wei HK, Li FN, Kim SW, Wen CY, Duan YH, Guo QP, Wang WL, Liu HN, Yin YL. Regulation in free amino acid profile and protein synthesis pathway of growing pig skeletal muscles by low-protein diets for different time periods1,2. J Anim Sci 2016; 94:5192-5205. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016-0917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Y. H. Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
- Nutrition Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695
| | - H. K. Wei
- College of Animal Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - F. N. Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, CICAPS; Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha 410128, China
| | - S. W. Kim
- Nutrition Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695
| | - C. Y. Wen
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, School of Biology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha Hunan 410018, China
| | - Y. H. Duan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Q. P. Guo
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - W. L. Wang
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, School of Biology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha Hunan 410018, China
| | - H. N. Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Y. L. Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, School of Biology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha Hunan 410018, China
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23
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Sun RP, Xi QY, Sun JJ, Cheng X, Zhu YL, Ye DZ, Chen T, Wei LM, Ye RS, Jiang QY, Zhang YL. In low protein diets, microRNA-19b regulates urea synthesis by targeting SIRT5. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33291. [PMID: 27686746 PMCID: PMC5043173 DOI: 10.1038/srep33291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ammonia detoxification, which takes place via the hepatic urea cycle, is essential for nitrogen homeostasis and physiological well-being. It has been reported that a reduction in dietary protein reduces urea nitrogen. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are major regulatory non-coding RNAs that have significant effects on several metabolic pathways; however, little is known on whether miRNAs regulate hepatic urea synthesis. The objective of this study was to assess the miRNA expression profile in a low protein diet and identify miRNAs involved in the regulation of the hepatic urea cycle using a porcine model. Weaned 28-days old piglets were fed a corn-soybean normal protein diet (NP) or a corn-soybean low protein diet (LP) for 30 d. Hepatic and blood samples were collected, and the miRNA expression profile was assessed by sequencing and qRT-PCR. Furthermore, we evaluated the possible role of miR-19b in urea synthesis regulation. There were 25 differentially expressed miRNAs between the NP and LP groups. Six of these miRNAs were predicted to be involved in urea cycle metabolism. MiR-19b negatively regulated urea synthesis by targeting SIRT5, which is a positive regulator of CPS1, the rate limiting enzyme in the urea cycle. Our study presented a novel explanation of ureagenesis regulation by miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Ping Sun
- College of Animal Science, Chinese National Centre of Pig Breeding Technology, ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Science, Haikou 571100, China
| | - Qian-Yun Xi
- College of Animal Science, Chinese National Centre of Pig Breeding Technology, ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jia-Jie Sun
- College of Animal Science, Chinese National Centre of Pig Breeding Technology, ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiao Cheng
- College of Animal Science, Chinese National Centre of Pig Breeding Technology, ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yan-Ling Zhu
- College of Animal Science, Chinese National Centre of Pig Breeding Technology, ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ding-Ze Ye
- College of Animal Science, Chinese National Centre of Pig Breeding Technology, ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ting Chen
- College of Animal Science, Chinese National Centre of Pig Breeding Technology, ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Li-Min Wei
- College of Animal Science, Chinese National Centre of Pig Breeding Technology, ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Science, Haikou 571100, China
| | - Rui-Song Ye
- College of Animal Science, Chinese National Centre of Pig Breeding Technology, ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qing-Yan Jiang
- College of Animal Science, Chinese National Centre of Pig Breeding Technology, ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yong-Liang Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Chinese National Centre of Pig Breeding Technology, ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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24
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Protein Restriction with Amino Acid-Balanced Diets Shrinks Circulating Pool Size of Amino Acid by Decreasing Expression of Specific Transporters in the Small Intestine. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162475. [PMID: 27611307 PMCID: PMC5017764 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary protein restriction is not only beneficial to health and longevity in humans, but also protects against air pollution and minimizes feeding cost in livestock production. However, its impact on amino acid (AA) absorption and metabolism is not quite understood. Therefore, the study aimed to explore the effect of protein restriction on nitrogen balance, circulating AA pool size, and AA absorption using a pig model. In Exp.1, 72 gilts weighting 29.9 ± 1.5 kg were allocated to 1 of the 3 diets containing 14, 16, or 18% CP for a 28-d trial. Growth (n = 24), nitrogen balance (n = 6), and the expression of small intestinal AA and peptide transporters (n = 6) were evaluated. In Exp.2, 12 barrows weighting 22.7 ± 1.3 kg were surgically fitted with catheters in the portal and jejunal veins as well as the carotid artery and assigned to a diet containing 14 or 18% CP. A series of blood samples were collected before and after feeding for determining the pool size of circulating AA and AA absorption in the portal vein, respectively. Protein restriction did not sacrifice body weight gain and protein retention, since nitrogen digestibility was increased as dietary protein content reduced. However, the pool size of circulating AA except for lysine and threonine, and most AA flux through the portal vein were reduced in pigs fed the low protein diet. Meanwhile, the expression of peptide transporter 1 (PepT-1) was stimulated, but the expression of the neutral and cationic AA transporter systems was depressed. These results evidenced that protein restriction with essential AA-balanced diets, decreased AA absorption and reduced circulating AA pool size. Increased expression of small intestinal peptide transporter PepT-1 could not compensate for the depressed expression of jejunal AA transporters for AA absorption.
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He L, Li H, Huang N, Tian J, Liu Z, Zhou X, Yao K, Li T, Yin Y. Effects of Alpha-Ketoglutarate on Glutamine Metabolism in Piglet Enterocytes in Vivo and in Vitro. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:2668-2673. [PMID: 27018713 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) plays a vital part in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and is a key intermediate in the oxidation of L-glutamine (Gln). The study was to evaluate effects of AKG on Gln metabolism in vivo and in vitro. A total of twenty-one piglets were weaned at 28 days with a mean body weight (BW) of 6.0 ± 0.2 kg, and randomly divided into 3 groups: corn soybean meal based diet (CON group); the basal diet with 1% alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG treatment group); and the basal diet with 1% L-glutamine (GLN treatment group). Intestinal porcine epithelial cells-1 (IPEC-1) were incubated to investigate effects of 0.5, 2, and 3 mM AKG addition on Gln metabolism. Our results showed that there were no differences (P > 0.05) among the 3 treatments in initial BW, final BW, and average daily feed intake. However, average daily gain (P = 0.013) and gain:feed (P = 0.041) of the AKG group were greater than those of the other two groups. In comparison with the CON group, the AKG and GLN groups exhibited an improvement in villus length, mucosal thickness, and crypt depth in the jejunum of piglets. Serum concentrations of Asp, Glu, Val, Ile, Tyr, Phe, Lys, and Arg in the piglets fed the 1% AKG or Gln diet were lower than those in the CON group. Compared with the CON group, the mRNA expression of jejunal and ileal amino acid (AA) transporters in the AKG and GLN groups were significantly increased (P < 0.05). Additionally, the in vitro study showed that the addition of 0.5, 2, and 3 mM AKG dose-dependently decreased (P < 0.05) the net utilization of Gln and formulation of ammonia, Glu, Ala, and Asp by IPEC-1. In conclusion, dietary AKG supplementation, as a replacement for Gln, could improve Gln metabolism in piglet enterocytes and enhance the utilization of AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuqin He
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 10008, China
| | - Huan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Niu Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Junquan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 10008, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Xihong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Kang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Tiejun Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety , Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
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26
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Yan XH. Molecular nutrition: basic understanding of the digestion, absorption, and metabolism of nutrients. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2015; 16:413-6. [PMID: 26055903 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1500130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-hua Yan
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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