1
|
Liu X, Lou K, Zhang Y, Li C, Wei S, Feng S. Unlocking the Medicinal Potential of Plant-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: current Progress and Future Perspectives. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:4877-4892. [PMID: 38828203 PMCID: PMC11141722 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s463145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Botanical preparations for herbal medicine have received more and more attention from drug researchers, and the extraction of active ingredients and their successful clinical application have become an important direction of drug research in major pharmaceutical companies, but the complexity of extracts, multiple side effects, and significant individual differences have brought many difficulties to the clinical application of herbal preparations. It is noteworthy that extracellular vesicles as active biomolecules extracted from medicinal plants are believed to be useful for the treatment of a variety of diseases, including cancer, inflammation, regenerative-restorative and degenerative diseases, which may provide a new direction for the clinical utilization of herbal preparations. In this review, we sort out recent advances in medicinal plant extracellular vesicles and discuss their potential as disease therapeutics. Finally, future challenges and research directions for the clinical translation of medicinal plant extracellular vesicles are also discussed, and we expect that continued development based on medicinal plant extracellular vesicles will facilitate the clinical application of herbal preparations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Liu
- Department of Urology, Jiujiang University Clinic College/Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kecheng Lou
- Department of Urology, Lanxi People’s Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunmeng Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jiujiang College Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuanxiao Li
- Department of Urology, Jiujiang University Clinic College/Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shenghong Wei
- Department of Urology, Jiujiang University Clinic College/Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shangzhi Feng
- Department of Urology, Jiujiang University Clinic College/Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li J, Gao J, Liu A, Liu W, Xiong H, Liang C, Fang Y, Dai Y, Shao J, Yu H, Wang L, Wang L, Yang L, Yan M, Zhai X, Shi X, Tian X, Ju X, Chen Y, Wang J, Zhang L, Liang H, Chen S, Zhang J, Cao H, Jin J, Hu Q, Wang J, Wang Y, Zhou M, Han Y, Zhang R, Zhao W, Wang X, Lin L, Zhang R, Gao C, Xu L, Zhang Y, Fan J, Wu Y, Lin W, Yu J, Qi P, Huang P, Peng X, Peng Y, Wang T, Zheng H. Homoharringtonine-Based Induction Regimen Improved the Remission Rate and Survival Rate in Chinese Childhood AML: A Report From the CCLG-AML 2015 Protocol Study. J Clin Oncol 2023; 41:4881-4892. [PMID: 37531592 PMCID: PMC10617822 DOI: 10.1200/jco.22.02836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Homoharringtonine (HHT) is commonly used for the treatment of Chinese adult AML, and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) has been verified in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). However, the efficacy and safety of HHT-based induction therapy have not been confirmed for childhood AML, and ATRA-based treatment has not been evaluated among patients with non-APL AML. PATIENTS AND METHODS This open-label, multicenter, randomized Chinese Children's Leukemia Group-AML 2015 study was performed across 35 centers in China. Patients with newly diagnosed childhood AML were first randomly assigned to receive an HHT-based (H arm) or etoposide-based (E arm) induction regimen and then randomly allocated to receive cytarabine-based (AC arm) or ATRA-based (AT arm) maintenance therapy. The primary end points were the complete remission (CR) rate after induction therapy, and the secondary end points were the overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) at 3 years. RESULTS We enrolled 1,258 patients, of whom 1,253 were included in the intent-to-treat analysis. The overall CR rate was significantly higher in the H arm than in the E arm (79.9% v 73.9%, P = .014). According to the intention-to-treat analysis, the 3-year OS was 69.2% (95% CI, 65.1 to 72.9) in the H arm and 62.8% (95% CI, 58.7 to 66.6) in the E arm (P = .025); the 3-year EFS was 61.1% (95% CI, 56.8 to 65.0) in the H arm and 53.4% (95% CI, 49.2 to 57.3) in the E arm (P = .022). Among the per-protocol population, who received maintenance therapy, the 3-year EFS did not differ significantly across the four arms (H + AT arm: 70.7%, 95% CI, 61.1 to 78.3; H + AC arm: 74.8%, 95% CI, 67.0 to 81.0, P = .933; E + AC arm: 72.9%, 95% CI, 65.1 to 79.2, P = .789; E + AT arm: 66.2%, 95% CI, 56.8 to 74.0, P = .336). CONCLUSION HHT is an alternative combination regimen for childhood AML. The effects of ATRA-based maintenance are comparable with those of cytarabine-based maintenance therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Hematology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Beijing, China
- National Key Clinical Discipline of Pediatric Hematology, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Ju Gao
- West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronobiology (Sichuan University), National Health Commission of China, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Wei Liu
- Children's Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hao Xiong
- Wuhan Children's Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Changda Liang
- Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Yongjun Fang
- Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunpeng Dai
- Shandong First Medical University Affiliated Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Jingbo Shao
- Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingzhen Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Li Wang
- Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Liangchun Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mei Yan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiaowen Zhai
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodong Shi
- Capital Institute of Pediatrics' Children's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Tian
- Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Xiuli Ju
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Children's Hospital of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Children's Hospital of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, China
| | - Leping Zhang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Liang
- Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Sen Chen
- Tianjin Children's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Haixia Cao
- Qinghai Women's and Children's Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Jiao Jin
- The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qun Hu
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junlan Wang
- Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital, Xian, China
| | | | - Min Zhou
- Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yueqin Han
- Children's Hospital of Liaocheng, Liaocheng, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Weihong Zhao
- First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Limin Lin
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Ruidong Zhang
- Hematology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Beijing, China
- National Key Clinical Discipline of Pediatric Hematology, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Beijing, China
- National Key Clinical Discipline of Pediatric Hematology, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Hematologic Diseases, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Liting Xu
- Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, the Pediatric Leukemia Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology Research Center of Zhejiang Province, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Hematology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Beijing, China
- National Key Clinical Discipline of Pediatric Hematology, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Fan
- Hematology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Beijing, China
- National Key Clinical Discipline of Pediatric Hematology, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Hematology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Beijing, China
- National Key Clinical Discipline of Pediatric Hematology, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Hematology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Beijing, China
- National Key Clinical Discipline of Pediatric Hematology, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaole Yu
- Hematology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Beijing, China
- National Key Clinical Discipline of Pediatric Hematology, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Peijing Qi
- Hematology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Beijing, China
- National Key Clinical Discipline of Pediatric Hematology, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Pengli Huang
- Hematology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Beijing, China
- National Key Clinical Discipline of Pediatric Hematology, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxia Peng
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaguang Peng
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyou Wang
- Hematology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Beijing, China
- National Key Clinical Discipline of Pediatric Hematology, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Huyong Zheng
- Hematology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Beijing, China
- National Key Clinical Discipline of Pediatric Hematology, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sun R, Wang C, Wang Y, Wu Y, Du P, Sun X, Li Q, Bi K, Jiang G. Role of miR‑let‑7c‑5p/c‑myc signaling axis in the committed differentiation of leukemic THP‑1 cells into monocytes/macrophages. Oncol Lett 2023; 26:403. [PMID: 37600342 PMCID: PMC10433716 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.13989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In a preliminary experiment, it was found that c-myc expression was decreased following the differentiation of THP-1 cells into monocytes/macrophages induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13 acetate (PMA) + lipopolysaccharide (LPS) + interferon (IFN)-γ. The expression of miR-let-7c-5p was then found to be elevated by cross-sectional analysis using TargetScan and PubMed and differential microarray analysis. The present study aimed to investigate the role of the miR-let-7c-5p/c-myc signaling axis in the committed differentiation of THP-1 leukemic cells into monocytes/macrophages induced by PMA + LPS + IFN-γ. Human THP-1 leukemic cells were induced to differentiate into monocytes/macrophages by PMA + LPS + IFN-γ. Following induction for 48 h, the growth density of the THP-1 cells was observed directly under an inverted microscope, cell proliferation was measured using Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and the cell cycle and the expression of differentiation-related antigens (CD11b and CD14) were measured using flow cytometry. The mRNA expression of miR-let-7c-5p and c-myc was detected using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and the protein expression of c-myc was detected using western blot analysis. Dual luciferase reporter gene analysis was used to detect the targeted binding of miR-let-7c-5p on the 3'UTR of c-myc. The relative expression of miR-let-7c-5p and c-myc genes in THP-1 cells induced by PMA + LPS + IFN-γ was found to be up- and downregulated respectively, and expression of miR-let-7c-5p was negatively correlated with the expression of c-myc gene. Dual luciferase reporter gene assays confirmed that miR-let-7c-5p targeted the 3'UTR of c-myc and inhibited luciferase activity. Following transfection with miR-let-7c-5p mimics, the expression of c-myc was markedly downregulated and the proliferative ability of the THP-1 cells was decreased, while the expression rate of CD11b and CD14 was significantly increased. The rescue experiment revealed that the effects of miR-let-7c-5p mimics on the proliferation and differentiation of THP-1 cells were attenuated by transfection with c-myc overexpression vector. Together, the findings of the present study demonstrated that miR-let-7c-5p can target the 3'UTR region of c-myc and that the miR-let-7c-5p/c-myc signaling axis is one of the critical pathways involved in the directional differentiation of leukemic cells into monocytes/macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruijing Sun
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Chaozhe Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Yufang Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fushan District People's Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 265500, P.R. China
| | - Yunhua Wu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Pengchao Du
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolin Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zibo First Hospital, Zibo, Shandong 255200, P.R. China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zibo First Hospital, Zibo, Shandong 255200, P.R. China
| | - Kehong Bi
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Jinan, Shandong 250062, P.R. China
| | - Guosheng Jiang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
- Department of Precision Molecular Laboratory Medicine, Zhangqiu District People's Hospital of Jinan Affiliated to Jining Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250200, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ou X, Wang H, Tie H, Liao J, Luo Y, Huang W, Yu R, Song L, Zhu J. Novel plant-derived exosome-like nanovesicles from Catharanthus roseus: preparation, characterization, and immunostimulatory effect via TNF-α/NF-κB/PU.1 axis. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:160. [PMID: 37210530 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01919-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant-derived exosomes-like nanovesicles (PDENs) have been found to be advantageous in disease treatment and drug delivery, but research on their biogenesis, compositional analysis, and key marker proteins is still in its infancy, which limits the standardized production of PDENs. Efficient preparation of PDENs continues to be a major challenge. RESULTS Novel PDENs-based chemotherapeutic immune modulators, Catharanthus roseus (L.) Don leaves-derived exosome-like nanovesicles (CLDENs) were isolated from apoplastic fluid. CLDENs were membrane structured vesicles with a particle size of 75.51 ± 10.19 nm and a surface charge of -21.8 mV. CLDENs exhibited excellent stability, tolerating multiple enzymatic digestions, resisting extreme pH environments, and remaining stable in the gastrointestinal simulating fluid. Biodistribution experiments showed that CLDENs could be internalized by immune cells, and targeted at immune organs after intraperitoneal injection. The lipidomic analysis revealed CLDENs' special lipid composition, which contained 36.5% ether-phospholipids. Differential proteomics supported the origin of CLDENs in multivesicular bodies, and six marker proteins of CLDENs were identified for the first time. 60 ~ 240 μg/ml of CLDENs promoted the polarization and phagocytosis of macrophages as well as lymphocyte proliferation in vitro. Administration of 20 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg of CLDENs alleviated white blood cell reduction and bone marrow cell cycle arrest in immunosuppressive mice induced by cyclophosphamide. CLDENs strongly stimulated the secretion of TNF-α, activated NF-κB signal pathway and increased the expression of the hematopoietic function-related transcription factor PU.1 both in vitro and in vivo. To ensure a steady supply of CLDENs, plant cell culture systems of C. roseus were established to provide CLDENs-like nanovesicles which had similar physical properties and biological activities. Gram-level nanovesicles were successfully obtained from the culture medium, and the yield was three times as high as the original. CONCLUSIONS Our research supports the use of CLDENs as a nano-biomaterial with excellent stability and biocompatibility, and for post-chemotherapy immune adjuvant therapy applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozheng Ou
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Haoran Wang
- Weihai Neoland Biosciences Co., Ltd, Weihai, 264209, China
| | - Huilin Tie
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Jiapei Liao
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Yuanyuan Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Weijuan Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Rongmin Yu
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China.
- Weihai Neoland Biosciences Co., Ltd, Weihai, 264209, China.
| | - Liyan Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China.
| | - Jianhua Zhu
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mostafavi E, Zarepour A, Barabadi H, Zarrabi A, Truong LB, Medina-Cruz D. Antineoplastic activity of biogenic silver and gold nanoparticles to combat leukemia: Beginning a new era in cancer theragnostic. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS 2022; 34:e00714. [PMID: 35686001 PMCID: PMC9171450 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2022.e00714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The American Cancer Society estimated around 61,090 new cases of leukemia were diagnosed, and around 23,660 people died from this disease in the United States alone in 2021. Due to its burden on society, there is an unmet need to explore innovative approaches to overcome leukemia. Among different strategies that have been explored, nanotechnology appears to be a promising and effective approach for therapeutics. Specifically, biogenic silver and gold nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted significant attention for their antineoplastic activity toward leukemia cancer cells due to their unique physicochemical properties. Indeed, these nanostructures have emerged as useful approaches in anti-leukemic applications, either as carriers to enhance drug bioavailability and its targeted delivery to a specific organ or as a novel therapeutic agent. This review explores recent advances in green synthesized nanomaterials and their potential use against leukemia, especially focusing on silver (Ag) and gold (Au) nanostructures. In detail, we have reviewed various eco-friendly methods of bio-synthesized NPs, their analytical properties, and toxicity effects against leukemic models. This overview confirms the satisfactory potency of biogenic NPs toward leukemic cells and desirable safety profiles against human native cells, which opens a promising door toward commercializing these types of nontherapeutic agents if challenges involve clinical validations, reproducibility, and scalability could be resolved.
Collapse
|
6
|
TNF-α Differentially Regulates Cell Cycle Genes in Promyelocytic and Granulocytic HL-60/S4 Cells. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2019; 9:2775-2786. [PMID: 31263060 PMCID: PMC6686940 DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is a potent cytokine involved in systemic inflammation and immune modulation. Signaling responses that involve TNF-α are context dependent and capable of stimulating pathways promoting both cell death and survival. TNF-α treatment has been investigated as part of a combined therapy for acute myeloid leukemia due to its modifying effects on all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) mediated differentiation into granulocytes. To investigate the interaction between cellular differentiation and TNF-α, we performed RNA-sequencing on two forms of the human HL-60/S4 promyelocytic leukemia cell line treated with TNF-α. The ATRA-differentiated granulocytic form of HL-60/S4 cells had an enhanced transcriptional response to TNF-α treatment compared to the undifferentiated promyelocytes. The observed TNF-α responses included differential expression of cell cycle gene sets, which were generally upregulated in TNF-α treated promyelocytes, and downregulated in TNF-α treated granulocytes. This is consistent with TNF-α induced cell cycle repression in granulocytes and cell cycle progression in promyelocytes. Moreover, we found evidence that TNF-α treatment of granulocytes shifts the transcriptome toward that of a macrophage. We conclude that TNF-α treatment promotes a divergent transcriptional program in promyelocytes and granulocytes. TNF-α promotes cell cycle associated gene expression in promyelocytes. In contrast, TNF-α stimulated granulocytes have reduced cell cycle gene expression, and a macrophage-like transcriptional program.
Collapse
|
7
|
Ferrero D, Crisà E, Marmont F, Audisio E, Frairia C, Giai V, Gatti T, Festuccia M, Bruno B, Riera L, Passera R, Boccadoro M. Survival improvement of poor-prognosis AML/MDS patients by maintenance treatment with low-dose chemotherapy and differentiating agents. Ann Hematol 2014; 93:1391-400. [PMID: 24705888 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-014-2047-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated a maintenance, post-remission treatment with low-dose chemotherapy plus differentiating agents on poor-prognosis acute myeloid leukemia (AML)/myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients ineligible to allografting. Patients had either age over 60 and/or secondary AML, therapy-related AML, previous relapse, high-risk MDS. Forty-five patients received the maintenance therapy based on two alternated schedules: (a) 6-thioguanine + 13-cis retinoic acid + dihydroxylated vitamin D3 and (b) low-dose cytarabine + 6-mercaptopurine + all-trans retinoic acid + dihydroxylated vitamin D3. We compared their outcome, at a median follow-up of 52 months, to that of a matched population of 49 patients who stopped treatments after consolidation. Maintenance group had a lower relapse incidence (70.3 vs. 86.4 % at 5 years p = 0.007) and a longer disease-free survival (median 21.2 vs. 8.7 months, p = 0.017). The relapse reduction improved overall survival: median 40.4 months (35.9 % at 5 years) for maintenance group vs. 15.8 (14.2 % at 5 years) for controls (p = 0.005). At multivariate Cox analysis, both cytogenetic and maintenance therapies resulted independent outcome predictors for overall survival. Maintenance treatment also reduced minimal residual disease (detected by WT1 and CBFβ-MYH11) in five of eight evaluable patients. The present results suggest that our strategy of maintenance therapy might improve the outcome of poor-risk AML/MDS patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dario Ferrero
- Section of Hematology, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, via Genova, 3, 10126, Turin, Italy,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Reikvam H, Øyan AM, Kalland KH, Hovland R, Hatfield KJ, Bruserud Ø. Differences in proliferative capacity of primary human acute myelogenous leukaemia cells are associated with altered gene expression profiles and can be used for subclassification of patients. Cell Prolif 2013; 46:554-62. [PMID: 24073609 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Proliferative capacity of acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML) blasts is important for leukaemogenesis, and we have investigated whether proliferative capacity of primary human AML cells could be used for subclassification of patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vitro proliferative capacity of AML cells derived from two independent groups was investigated. Cells were cultured under highly standardized conditions and proliferation assayed by (3) H-thymidine incorporation after seven days culture. Patients were subclassified by clustering models, and gene expression profile was examined by microarray analyses. RESULTS Based on proliferative capacity of the AML cells, three different patient clusters were identified: (i) autocrine proliferation that was increased by exogenous cytokines; (ii) detectable proliferation only in presence of exogenous cytokines; and (iii) low or undetectable proliferation even in presence of exogenous cytokines. Patients with highest proliferative capacity cells had no favourable prognostic impact by NPM-1 mutation. Analysis of gene expression profiles showed that the most proliferative cells generally had altered expression of genes involved in regulation of transcription/RNA functions, whereas patients with high proliferative capacity and internal tandem duplications (ITDs) in the FLT3 cytokine receptor gene had altered expression of several molecules involved in cytoplasmic signal transduction. CONCLUSIONS In vitro proliferative capacity of primary human AML cells was considerably variable between patients and could be used to identify biologically distinct patient subsets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Reikvam
- Division for Hematology, Institute of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Division for Hematology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Aref S, Ibrahim L, Azmy E, Al Ashary R. Impact of serum adiponectin and leptin levels in acute leukemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 18:198-203. [PMID: 23321463 DOI: 10.1179/1607845412y.0000000059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Adipocytokines was stated to exert biological effect on tumor cells. Two adipokines, leptin and adiponectin in particular, have come to be recognized for their influence on tumor biology including leukemia. The prognostic effect of leptin and adiponectin concentrations in acute leukemia patients remains to be identified. This study was conducted on 80 acute leukemia patients: 35 acute myeloid leukemia (AML), 45 acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL), and 20 controls of matched age and sex. Leptin and adiponectin were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at diagnosis. Serum leptin levels were significantly higher in ALL patients, and significantly lower in AML patients when compared with normal controls (P = 0.01, P = 0.04 respectively). On the other hand, serum adiponectin levels were significantly lower in AML and ALL patients as compared with normal controls (P = 0.00 for both). No significant differences exist regarding body mass index between acute leukemia patients and normal controls (P > 0.05). Correlation studies revealed that there were significant negative correlations between serum adiponectin levels and bone marrow (BM) blast cells and serum lactic dehydrogenase (sLDH) in acute leukemia groups (r 0.542, P < 0.01, r 0.699, P < 0.001, respectively). Regarding serum leptin levels there were positive significant correlations with BM blast cells (r 0.74, P < 0.01), total WBC counts (r = 0.59, P < 0.05), sLDH (r 0.738, P < 0.01) in ALL group; and significant negative correlations with BM blast cells (r 0.542, P < 0.01) and sLDH in the AML group. Adipocytokines may represent a new non-invasive biomarker in acute leukemia patients. Estimation of adiponectin and leptin serum levels at acute leukemia diagnosis could also be considered as a prognostic marker, which will be used in acute leukemia stratification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salah Aref
- Hematology Unit, Clinical Pathology Department, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ranganathan P, Yu X, Na C, Santhanam R, Shacham S, Kauffman M, Walker A, Klisovic R, Blum W, Caligiuri M, Croce CM, Marcucci G, Garzon R. Preclinical activity of a novel CRM1 inhibitor in acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 2012; 120:1765-73. [PMID: 22677130 PMCID: PMC3433086 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-04-423160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome maintenance protein 1 (CRM1) is a nuclear export receptor involved in the active transport of tumor suppressors (e.g., p53 and nucleophosmin) whose function is altered in cancer because of increased expression and overactive transport. Blocking CRM1-mediated nuclear export of such proteins is a novel therapeutic strategy to restore tumor suppressor function. Orally bioavailable selective inhibitors of nuclear export (SINE) that irreversibly bind to CRM1 and block the function of this protein have been recently developed. Here we investigated the antileukemic activity of KPT-SINE (KPT-185 and KPT-276) in vitro and in vivo in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). KPT-185 displayed potent antiproliferative properties at submicromolar concentrations (IC50 values; 100-500 nM), induced apoptosis (average 5-fold increase), cell-cycle arrest, and myeloid differentiation in AML cell lines and patient blasts. A strong down-regulation of the oncogene FLT3 after KPT treatment in both FLT3-ITD and wild-type cell lines was observed. Finally, using the FLT3-ITD-positive MV4-11 xenograft murine model, we show that treatment of mice with oral KPT-276 (analog of KPT-185 for in vivo studies) significantly prolongs survival of leukemic mice (P < .01). In summary, KPT-SINE are highly potent in vitro and in vivo in AML. The preclinical results reported here support clinical trials of KPT-SINE in AML.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Acrylamides/pharmacology
- Acrylates/pharmacology
- Acute Disease
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Nucleus/drug effects
- Cell Nucleus/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Female
- Humans
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Karyopherins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Karyopherins/genetics
- Karyopherins/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Middle Aged
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
- Thiazoles/pharmacology
- Triazoles/pharmacology
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Young Adult
- fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3/genetics
- fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3/metabolism
- Exportin 1 Protein
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parvathi Ranganathan
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhau HE, He H, Wang CY, Zayzafoon M, Morrissey C, Vessella RL, Marshall FF, Chung LWK, Wang R. Human prostate cancer harbors the stem cell properties of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17:2159-69. [PMID: 21355075 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-2523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prostate tumor cells frequently show the features of osteoblasts, which are differentiated from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. We examined human prostate cancer cell lines and clinical prostate cancer specimens for additional bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell properties. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Prostate cancer cell lines were induced for osteoblastogenic and adipogenic differentiation, detected by standard staining methods and confirmed by lineage-specific marker expression. Abnormal expression of the markers was then assessed in clinical prostate cancer specimens. RESULTS After osteoblastogenic induction, cells of the LNCaP lineage, PC-3 lineage, and DU145 displayed osteoblastic features. Upon adipogenic induction, PC-3 lineage and DU145 cells differentiated into adipocyte-like cells. The adipocyte-like cancer cells expressed brown adipocyte-specific markers, suggesting differentiation along the brown adipocyte lineage. The adipogenic differentiation was accompanied by growth inhibition, and most of the adipocyte-like cancer cells were committed to apoptotic death. During cyclic treatments with adipogenic differentiation medium and then with control medium, the cancer cells could commit to repeated adipogenic differentiation and retrodifferentiation. In clinical prostate cancer specimens, the expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), a brown fat-specific marker, was enhanced with the level of expression correlated to disease progression from primary to bone metastatic cancers. CONCLUSIONS This study thus revealed that prostate cancer cells harbor the stem cell properties of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. The abnormally expressed adipogenic UCP1 protein may serve as a unique marker, while adipogenic induction can be explored as a differentiation therapy for prostate cancer progression and bone metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyen E Zhau
- Department of Urology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fang Y, Zhou X, Lin M, Ying M, Luo P, Zhu D, Lou J, Yang B, He Q. Inhibition of all-trans-retinoic acid-induced proteasome activation potentiates the differentiating effect of retinoid in acute myeloid leukemia cells. Mol Carcinog 2011; 50:24-35. [PMID: 20945414 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is nowadays considered to be the sole efficient agent for differentiation-based therapy in leukemia; however, the mechanisms of ATRA's biological effects remain largely unknown. Here we first reported that ATRA-induced myeloid leukemia differentiation was accompanied with the increased level of ubiquitin-protein conjugates and the upregulation of proteasome activity. To explore the functional role of the activated proteasome in retinoic acid (RA) signaling, the effects of proteasome inhibitors on RA-induced cell differentiation were determined. Our results demonstrated that inhibition of ATRA-elevated proteasome activity obviously promoted the myeloid maturation program triggered by ATRA, suggesting that the overactivated proteasome is not beneficial for ATRA's effects. Further studies demonstrated that the synergistic differentiating effects of ATRA and proteasome inhibitors might be associated with the protection of retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARα) from degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP). Moreover, the accumulated RARα was able to enhance the transcription of its target gene, which might also contribute to the enhanced differentiation of leukemia cells. Together, by linking the UPP to ATRA-dependent signaling, our data provide a novel insight into studying the mechanisms of ATRA-elicited cellular effects and imply the possibility of combination of ATRA and proteasome inhibitors in leukemia therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanfen Fang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
The chemokine network in acute myelogenous leukemia: molecular mechanisms involved in leukemogenesis and therapeutic implications. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2010; 341:149-72. [PMID: 20376612 DOI: 10.1007/82_2010_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is a bone marrow disease in which the leukemic cells show constitutive release of a wide range of CCL and CXCL chemokines and express several chemokine receptors. The AML cell release of various chemokines is often correlated and three release clusters have been identified: CCL2-4/CXCL1/8, CCL5/CXCL9-11, and CCL13/17/22/24/CXCL5. CXCL8 is the chemokine usually released at highest levels. Based on their overall constitutive release profile, patients can be classified into distinct subsets that differ in their T cell chemotaxis towards the leukemic cells. The release profile is modified by hypoxia, differentiation status, pharmacological interventions, and T cell cytokine responses. The best investigated single chemokine in AML is CXCL12 that binds to CXCR4. CXCL12/CXCR4 is important in leukemogenesis through regulation of AML cell migration, and CXCR4 expression is an adverse prognostic factor for patient survival after chemotherapy. Even though AML cells usually release high levels of several chemokines, there is no general increase of serum chemokine levels in these patients and the levels are also influenced by patient age, disease status, chemotherapy regimen, and complicating infections. However, serum CXCL8 levels seem to partly reflect the leukemic cell burden in AML. Specific chemokine inhibitors are currently being developed, although redundancy and pleiotropy of the chemokine system are obstacles in drug development.
Collapse
|
14
|
Reikvam H, Hatfield KJ, Oyan AM, Kalland KH, Kittang AO, Bruserud O. Primary human acute myelogenous leukemia cells release matrix metalloproteases and their inhibitors: release profile and pharmacological modulation. Eur J Haematol 2009; 84:239-51. [PMID: 19922462 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.2009.01382.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Angiogenesis seems important for both leukemogenesis and chemosensitivity in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Angiogenesis is regulated by the balance between pro- and antiangiogenic cytokines, which also indicates an important role of matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) and their natural inhibitors, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteases (TIMPs). We investigated the constitutive release of MMPs and TIMPs for a large group of consecutive AML patients. METHODS AML cells were cultured in vitro either alone or together with microvascular endothelial cells, and levels of MMPs and TIMPs were determined in culture supernatants. RESULTS AML cells showed constitutive release of several MMPs and TIMPs. For all patients, detectable MMP-10 release was observed, and most patients showed detectable release of at least one additional MMP, usually MMP-9 or MMP-2. A significant correlation was found between MMP-9 and TIMP-1 release and the release of several CCL and CXCL chemokines. MMP-9 release was higher for AML cells with monocytic differentiation corresponding to the FAB-subtype M4/M5 AML; it was mainly released in its inactive form, but endogenously active MMP-9 could be detected even in the presence of the constitutively released TIMP-1/2. Endothelial cells released relatively high levels of MMP-10, and these levels were further increased by coculture with AML cells. Patients achieving complete hematological remission after only one induction cycle showed relatively low constitutive MMP-2 release. CONCLUSION We conclude that primary human AML cells show constitutive release of both MMPs and TIMPs, and this release may be important for leukemogenesis and possibly also for chemosensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Håkon Reikvam
- Institute of Internal Medicine, Division for Hematology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
2-(1-Hydroxethyl)-4,8-dihydrobenzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']dithiophene-4,8-dione (BTP-11) enhances the ATRA-induced differentiation in human leukemia HL-60 cells. Leuk Res 2009; 33:1664-9. [PMID: 19304325 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2009.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2009] [Revised: 02/13/2009] [Accepted: 02/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
2-(1-Hydroxethyl)-4,8-dihydrobenzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']dithiophene-4,8-dione (BTP-11) is a potent enhancer for all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-induced differentiation in HL-60 cells. Combination of BTP-11 and ATRA cut down the concentration of ATRA significantly, and that BTP-11 promoted the progression of ATRA-induced into the terminal granulocytic differentiation. Further, Western blot analysis revealed that combination of BTP-11 and ATRA decreased cyclin D/CDK4 and increased C/EBPvarepsilon protein expression to arrest the cells into G0/G1 phase leading to granulocytic maturation. These results confirmed that BTP-11 is a potent enhancer for ATRA-induced differentiation of HL-60 cells, and the great developmental potential of BTP-11 will be expected.
Collapse
|
16
|
Yazdanparast R, Meshkini A. 3-Hydrogenkwadaphnine, a novel diterpene ester from Dendrostellera lessertii, its role in differentiation and apoptosis of KG1 cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 16:206-214. [PMID: 18829278 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2008.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2008] [Revised: 05/03/2008] [Accepted: 07/28/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
3-Hydrogenkwadaphnin (3-HK) (Fig. 1) is a daphnane-type diterpene ester isolated from the leaves of Dendrostellera lessertii (Thymelaeaceae) with differentiation and apoptotic potency among several leukemic cells without any measurable adverse effects on normal cells [Moosavi, M.A., Yazdanparast, R., Sanati, M.H., Nejad, A.S., 2005a. 3-Hydrogenkwadaphnin targets inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase and triggers post-G1 arrest apoptosis in human leukemia cell lines. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 37, 2366-2379]. In this study, we evaluated differentiating and apoptotic efficiency of a second new anti-proliferating agent from the same plant relative to 3-HK using acute myeloid leukemia (AML) KG1 cell line. 3-HK at 5-30 nM inhibited proliferation of KG1 cells after 24-96 h of treatment. NBT reducing assay and expression of cell surface markers (CD11b and CD14) confirmed that the inhibition of proliferation is associated with differentiation toward macrophage-like morphology. Regarding the relatively weaker potency of 3-HK in the induction of differentiation compared to that of the crude extract, we looked for additional compound(s) with similar properties in the crude extract. This effort led to isolation of the second compound from the leaves' extract with higher differentiating potency. The new compound inhibited proliferation of KG1 cells by almost 48+/-3.1% after 72 h of treatment with a single dose of 1.5 microg/ml. The treated cells differentiated along the monocyte/macrophage lineage based on the morphological features apparent after Wright-Giemsa staining, phagocytic activity and expression of cell surface markers as analyzed by flow cytometry. On the other hand, the results indicated that exposure of KG1 cells to either 3-HK or the new compound for 3-4 days induced apoptosis as assayed qualitatively by acridine orange/ethidium bromide (Ao/EtBr) double staining, agarose gel electrophoresis and quantitatively by Annexin-V technique and sub-G1 DNA staining using flow cytometry. Based on the present data, these two active constituents of D. lessertii have the novelty of being further evaluated for pharmaceutical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Razieh Yazdanparast
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, P.O. Box 13145-1384, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Effect of differentiating agents (all-trans retinoic acid and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate) on drug sensitivity of HL60 and NB4 cells in vitro. Folia Histochem Cytobiol 2008; 46:323-30. [DOI: 10.2478/v10042-008-0080-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
18
|
Chen A, Luo M, Yuan G, Yu J, Deng T, Zhang L, Zhou Y, Mitchelson K, Cheng J. Complementary analysis of microRNA and mRNA expression during phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (TPA)-induced differentiation of HL-60 cells. Biotechnol Lett 2008; 30:2045-52. [PMID: 18648749 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-008-9800-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2008] [Revised: 06/23/2008] [Accepted: 06/24/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and mRNAs constitute an important part of gene regulatory networks, influencing diverse biological phenomena. To discover novel regulatory pathways during myeloid differentiation, we performed miRNA as well as mRNA expression profiling of in vitro-differentiating HL-60 cells treated with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). The main findings were up-regulation of miR-146a/b, miR-21, miR-221, miR-222, miR-155, miR-26a and down-regulation of miR-199a*, miR-181c, miR-142-3p, miR-92. After integrating the miRNA and mRNA expression data into a Transcriptome Interaction Database by Molecule Annotation System (MAS) software, a number of differently expressed mRNAs were revealed as potential targets of these miRNAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ailiang Chen
- Medical Systems Biology Research Center, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, 100084, Peoples' Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Higginbotham KB, Lozano R, Brown T, Patt YZ, Arima T, Abbruzzese JL, Thomas MB. A phase I/II trial of TAC-101, an oral synthetic retinoid, in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2008; 134:1325-35. [PMID: 18504614 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-008-0406-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2008] [Accepted: 04/23/2008] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Preclinical models showed TAC-101 (4-[3,5-bis(trimethylsilyl) benzamide] benzoic acid), an oral synthetic retinoid, has anti-tumor activity in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A phase I/II study was performed in advanced HCC patients (pts). PATIENTS AND METHODS Thirty-three patients were enrolled. During Phase I, pts received 40 mg daily for 14 days q3 weeks; 2 of 5 patients developed DLT so dose was reduced to 20 mg/day. Twenty-eight patients received 20 mg/day. RESULTS No pt had a CR or PR, but 12 of 21 (57%) had SD. Two pts (9.5%) had late PR after discontinuing TAC-101. Median survival (MS) for all 28 pts treated with 20 mg/day was 12.7 months (95% CI 8.8-22.7); MS for 21 evaluable pts was 19.2 months (95% CI 10.4-27.6). CONCLUSIONS 20 mg of TAC- was well tolerated. Significant disease stabilization (12/21 pts, 57%), 2 late PRs, and prolonged MS (19.2 months) suggest that TAC-101 provides meaningful patient benefit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly B Higginbotham
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology Unit 426, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
|
21
|
Korkaya H, Wicha MS. Selective targeting of cancer stem cells: a new concept in cancer therapeutics. BioDrugs 2008; 21:299-310. [PMID: 17896836 DOI: 10.2165/00063030-200721050-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Although the concept of 'cancer stem cell' was first proposed more then a century ago, it has attracted a great deal of attention recently due to advances in stem cell biology, leading to the identification of these cells in a wide variety of human cancers. There is accumulating evidence that the resistance of cancer stem cells to many conventional therapies may account for the inability of these therapies to cure most metastatic cancers. The recent identification of stem cell markers and advances in stem cell biology have facilitated research in multiple aspects of cancer stem cell behavior. Stem cell subcomponents have now been identified in a number of human malignancies, including hematologic malignancies and tumors of the breast, prostate, brain, pancreas, head and neck, and colon. Furthermore, pathways that regulate self-renewal and cell fate in these systems are beginning to be elucidated. In addition to pathways such as Wnt, Notch and Hedgehog, known to regulate self-renewal of normal stem cells, tumor suppressor genes such as PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog on chromosome 10) and TP53 (tumor protein p53) have also been implicated in the regulation of cancer stem cell self-renewal. In cancer stem cells, these pathways are believed to be deregulated, leading to uncontrolled self-renewal of cancer stem cells which generate tumors that are resistant to conventional therapies. Current cancer therapeutics based on tumor regression may target and kill differentiated tumor cells, which compose the bulk of the tumor, while sparing the rare cancer stem cell population. The cancer stem cell model suggests that the design of new cancer therapeutics may require the targeting and elimination of cancer stem cells. Therefore, it is imperative to design new strategies based upon a better understanding of the signaling pathways that control aspects of self-renewal and survival in cancer stem cells in order to identify novel therapeutic targets in these cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Korkaya
- University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ryningen A, Stapnes C, Bruserud Ø. Clonogenic acute myelogenous leukemia cells are heterogeneous with regard to regulation of differentiation and effect of epigenetic pharmacological targeting. Leuk Res 2007; 31:1303-13. [PMID: 17416413 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2007.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2006] [Revised: 01/24/2007] [Accepted: 01/26/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Differentiation-inducing therapy with the DNA-methylation inhibitor Decitabine (5'-aza-deoxycytidine) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are now considered in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). We investigated the in vitro effects of Decitabine and two structurally unrelated HDAC inhibitors (Sodium 4-phenyl butyrate, Tricostatin A) on clonogenic AML cells. Based on morphological criteria we identified four major colony types: (i) non-erythroid colonies, (ii) erythroid colonies that were detected only for a subset of patients and could be further sub classified into mature and immature forms, and (iii) intermediate colonies. Erythroid differentiation was associated with low CD34 expression. The colonies showed differences in morphology, viability, cell cycle distribution and expression of differentiation markers. Both Decitabine and the two HDAC inhibitors altered AML cell expression of differentiation markers, whereas the drugs did not have any major influence on cell cycle distribution. However, the pharmacological effects differed between the four colony subsets, and differences were also detected between the two HDAC inhibitors. We conclude that clonogenic AML cells can be classified into well-defined subsets based on their differentiation, and these subsets differ in their biological characteristics as well as their response to pharmacological targeting of epigenetic regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Ryningen
- Division for Hematology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital and University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mahdavi M, Yazdanparast R. Gnidilatimonoein fromDaphne mucronata induces differentiation and apoptosis in leukemia cell lines. Arch Pharm Res 2007; 30:177-81. [PMID: 17366739 DOI: 10.1007/bf02977692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gnidilatimonoein is a new diterpene ester, recently isolated from the leaves of Daphne macronata with potent anti-tumoral and anti-metastastic activities (Yazdanparast et al., 2004). Promyeloblastic (KG1), promyelocytic (NB4) and promonocytic (U937) cells were cultured in the presence of various concentrations of the drug (0.5-3.0 microM) for 3 days. Herein, we report that gnidilatimonoein induces differentiation and apoptosis in KG1, NB4 and U937 cells. The drug inhibited growth and proliferation of KG1, NB4 and U937 cells with IC50 values of 1.5, 1.5 and 1.0 microM, respectively, after 72 h of treatment. Cell viability was also decreased by 18%, 20% and 23%, respectively, after 72 h treatment with the drug. NBT reducing assay revealed that the inhibition of proliferation is associated with differentiation especially toward monocytes-like morphology. Indeed, the drug at 0.5-1.5 microM induced differentiation by 5-50% in the cells. Acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EtBr) double staining and DNA fragmentation assays revealed that apoptosis occurred after differentiation of the cells. Based on the present data, it seems that the new compound is a good candidate for further evaluation as an effective chemotherapeutic agent acting through induction of differentiation and apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Majid Mahdavi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, P.O. Box. 13145-1384, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Moosavi MA, Yazdanparast R, Lotfi A. 3-Hydrogenkwadaphnin induces monocytic differentiation and enhances retinoic acid-mediated granulocytic differentiation in NB4 cell line. BMB Rep 2007; 39:722-9. [PMID: 17129408 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2006.39.6.722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we have reported that 3-hydrogenkwadaphnin (3-HK), a diterpene ester isolated from Dendrostellera lessertii (Thymealeaceae), is very effective against leukemia cell lines without any detectable effects on normal cells (Moosavi et al., 2005b). In this study, we report that 3-HK induces G1 cell-cycle arrest, differentiation and apoptosis in APL NB4 cell line. Indeed, the drug between 24 to 96 h induced 7-65% growth inhibition of NB4 cells. Cell viability was also decreased by 2-55% between 24 to 96 h treatments with the drug, respectively. These effects of the drug were also dose-dependent. According to flow cytomtry results, 3-HK (15 nM) induced a significant G1-arrest up to 24 h which was consequently followed with appearance of sub-G(1) peak at 72 to 96 h. Hoechst 33258 staining and DNA fragmentation assays confirmed the occurrence of apoptosis among the treated cells. On the other hand, NBT reducing assay, Wright-Giemsa staining, phagocytic activity and expression of cell surface markers (CD11b and CD14) confirmed that the inhibition of proliferation is associated with differentiation especially toward macrophage-like morphology. Interestingly, 3-HK at 5 and 10 nM enhanced the effects of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in NB4 cells. Based on these results, 3-HK might become an ideal candidate for treatment of APL patients pending full exploration of its biological functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Moosavi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, P. O. Box. 13145-1384 University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yazdanparast R, Moosavi MA, Mahdavi M, Lotfi A. Guanosine 5'-triphosphate induces differentiation-dependent apoptosis in human leukemia U937 and KG1 cells. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2006; 27:1175-84. [PMID: 16923338 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7254.2006.00364.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The differentiation capability of guanosine 5'-triphosphate (GTP) was studied using U937 and KG1 cells. METHODS Cell cycle was analyzed by PI staining using flow cytometry. Apoptosis was measured by Annexin-V-FITC/PI double staining using flow cytometry. Differentiation was observed by morphological criteria, Wright-Giemsa staining and expression of cell surface markers CD11b and CD14. RESULTS Variable GTP concentrations (25-200 micromol/L) at short treatment times (up to 24 h) showed significant anti-proliferative activities among both cell types. However, longer treatment times (up to 72 h) were required to trigger apoptosis. Cell-cycle analyses of the GTP-treated cells indicated an increase in S-phase population by 48 h followed by the appearance of a sub-G(1) peak after 72 h of treatment. The effects of GTP on U937 and KG1 cells were accompanied with differentiation toward monocyte/macrophage lineage. This was evidenced by a sharp increase in the extent of CD11b and CD14 expression after 24 h of exposure to GTP. The viability of both cell types did not significantly change during the first 24 h. However, at longer treatment times (72-96 h), dramatic decreases in both the extent of CD14 expression and the cell viabilities were observed. Simultaneous measurement of apoptosis and CD14 expression in GTP-treated U937 cells indicated that cells with lower CD14 content underwent more apoptosis. CONCLUSION These finding may pave the way for further pharmaceutical evaluation of GTP as a suitable differentiating agent for acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Razieh Yazdanparast
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, P O Box 13145-1384 University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Tagliafico E, Tenedini E, Manfredini R, Grande A, Ferrari F, Roncaglia E, Bicciato S, Zini R, Salati S, Bianchi E, Gemelli C, Montanari M, Vignudelli T, Zanocco-Marani T, Parenti S, Paolucci P, Martinelli G, Piccaluga PP, Baccarani M, Specchia G, Torelli U, Ferrari S. Identification of a molecular signature predictive of sensitivity to differentiation induction in acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2006; 20:1751-8. [PMID: 16932344 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) blasts are immature committed myeloid cells unable to spontaneously undergo terminal maturation, and characterized by heterogeneous sensitivity to natural differentiation inducers. Here, we show a molecular signature predicting the resistance or sensitivity of six myeloid cell lines to differentiation induced in vitro with retinoic acid or vitamin D. The identified signature was further validated by TaqMan assay for the prediction of response to an in vitro differentiation assay performed on 28 freshly isolated AML blast populations. The TaqMan assay successfully predicts the in vitro resistance or responsiveness of AML blasts to differentiation inducers. Furthermore, performing a meta-analysis of publicly available microarray data sets, we also show the accuracy of our prediction on known phenotypes and suggest that our signature could become useful for the identification of patients eligible for new therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Tagliafico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Sezione di Chimica Biologica, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Olsnes AM, Motorin D, Ryningen A, Zaritskey AY, Bruserud Ø. T lymphocyte chemotactic chemokines in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML): local release by native human AML blasts and systemic levels of CXCL10 (IP-10), CCL5 (RANTES) and CCL17 (TARC). Cancer Immunol Immunother 2006; 55:830-40. [PMID: 16267679 PMCID: PMC11030695 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-005-0080-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2004] [Accepted: 08/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
T cell targeting immunotherapy is now considered in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), and local recruitment of antileukemic T cells to the AML microcompartment will then be essential. This process is probably influenced by both intravascular as well as extravascular levels of T cell chemotactic chemokines. We observed that native human AML cells usually showed constitutive secretion of the chemotactic chemokines CXCL10 and CCL5, whereas CCL17 was only released for a subset of patients and at relatively low levels. Coculture of AML cells with nonleukemic stromal cells (i.e., fibroblasts, osteoblasts) increased CXCL10 and CCL17 levels whereas CCL5 levels were not altered. However, a wide variation between patients in both CXCL10 and CCL5 levels persisted even in the presence of the stromal cells. Neutralization of CXCL10 and CCL5 inhibited T cell migration in the presence of native human AML cells. Furthermore, serum CCL17 and CXCL10 levels varied between AML patients and were determined by disease status (both chemokines) as well as patient age, chemotherapy and complicating infections (only CCL17). Thus, extravascular as well as intravascular levels of T cell chemotactic chemokines show a considerable variation between patients that may be important for T cell recruitment and the effects of antileukemic T cell reactivity in local AML compartments.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Acute Disease
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Age Factors
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Burkitt Lymphoma/blood
- Burkitt Lymphoma/drug therapy
- Burkitt Lymphoma/physiopathology
- Cell Communication
- Chemokine CCL17
- Chemokine CCL5
- Chemokine CXCL10
- Chemokines, CC/blood
- Chemokines, CC/metabolism
- Chemokines, CXC/blood
- Chemokines, CXC/metabolism
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/drug effects
- Coculture Techniques
- Culture Media, Conditioned/chemistry
- Female
- Fibroblasts/physiology
- Humans
- Infections/complications
- Infections/physiopathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid/blood
- Leukemia, Myeloid/complications
- Leukemia, Myeloid/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid/physiopathology
- Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/blood
- Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/physiopathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Proteins/blood
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Osteoblasts/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- Stromal Cells/physiology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Marta Olsnes
- Division for Hematology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital and The University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Dmitri Motorin
- BMT Clinic and Faculty Therapy Chamber, Pavlov State Medical University, St Petersburg, Russia
- Centre for Medical Studies, Moscow, Department Group for Laboratory Medicine, The National Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anita Ryningen
- Division for Hematology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital and The University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Andrey Y. Zaritskey
- BMT Clinic and Faculty Therapy Chamber, Pavlov State Medical University, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Øystein Bruserud
- Division for Hematology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital and The University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Maiti TK, Ghosh KS, Debnath J, Dasgupta S. Binding of all-trans retinoic acid to human serum albumin: Fluorescence, FT-IR and circular dichroism studies. Int J Biol Macromol 2006; 38:197-202. [PMID: 16569428 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2006.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2005] [Revised: 02/10/2006] [Accepted: 02/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid derived from vitamin A is an essential component for the modulation of angiogenesis, the process of blood vessel formation. We have investigated the binding of all-trans retinoic acid to the carrier protein, human serum albumin (HSA) under physiological conditions. Fluorescence quenching methods in combination with Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy were used for the biophysical studies. The binding parameters were determined by a Scatchard plot and the results found to be consistent with those obtained from a modified Stern-Volmer equation. From the thermodynamic parameters calculated according to the van't Hoff equation, the enthalpy change DeltaH(0) and entropy change DeltaS(0) are found to be 106.17 and 106.14J/molK, respectively. These values suggest that apart from hydrophobic interactions electrostatic interactions are present. Changes in the CD spectra and FT-IR spectra were observed upon ligand binding along with a significant degree of tryptophan fluorescence quenching on complex formation. Docking studies performed substantiated our experimental findings and it was observed that all-trans retinoic acid hydrogen bonded with Trp 214 and Asp 451 residues of subdomain IIA and IIIA of HSA, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Kanti Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hiçsönmez G. The effect of steroid on myeloid leukemic cells: The potential of short-course high-dose methylprednisolone treatment in inducing differentiation, apoptosis and in stimulating myelopoiesis. Leuk Res 2006; 30:60-8. [PMID: 15979702 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2005.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2005] [Revised: 05/09/2005] [Accepted: 05/17/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Several in vitro studies have shown that dexamethasone (Dex) and prednisolone can induce differentiation of some mouse and human myeloid leukemic cells to macrophages and granulocytes. Based on in vitro experiments, we have shown that short-course (3-7 days) high-dose methylprednisolone (HDMP) (20-30 mg/kg/day) treatment can induce differentiation of myeloid leukemic cells in vivo in children with different subtypes of acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) (AML-M1, -M2, -M3, -M4, -M7). We have also shown that induction of apoptosis of myeloid leukemic cells with or without differentiation is possible by short-course HDMP treatment. In addition, short-course HDMP treatment has been shown to be effective in accelerating leukocyte recovery, possibly stimulating normal CD34-positive hematopoietic progenitor cells. Addition of HDMP to mild cytotoxic chemotherapy (low-dose cytosine arabinoside (LD-Ara-c), weekly mitoxantrone and Ara-c or 6-thioguanine) increased the remission rate (87-89%) and improved the outcome of AML children. We believe that the results of our 17-year clinical experience will provide important benefits to AML patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gönül Hiçsönmez
- Department of pediatric Hematology, Ihsan Dogramaci Children's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Miller SJ, Lavker RM, Sun TT. Interpreting epithelial cancer biology in the context of stem cells: tumor properties and therapeutic implications. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2005; 1756:25-52. [PMID: 16139432 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2005.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2005] [Revised: 07/12/2005] [Accepted: 07/15/2005] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Over 90% of all human neoplasia is derived from epithelia. Significant progress has been made in the identification of stem cells of many epithelia. In general, epithelial stem cells lack differentiation markers, have superior in vivo and in vitro proliferative potential, form clusters in association with a specialized mesenchymal environment (the 'niche'), are located in well-protected and nourished sites, and are slow-cycling and thus can be experimentally identified as 'label-retaining cells'. Stem cells may divide symmetrically giving rise to two identical stem cell progeny. Any stem cells in the niche, which defines the size of the stem cell pool, may be randomly expelled from the niche due to population pressure (the stochastic model). Alternatively, a stem cell may divide asymmetrically yielding one stem cell and one non-stem cell that is destined to exit from the stem cell niche (asymmetric division model). Stem cells separated from their niche lose their stemness, although such a loss may be reversible, becoming 'transit-amplifying cells' that are rapidly proliferating but have a more limited proliferative potential, and can give rise to terminally differentiated cells. The identification of the stem cell subpopulation in a normal epithelium leads to a better understanding of many previously enigmatic properties of an epithelium including the preferential sites of carcinoma formation, as exemplified by the almost exclusive association of corneal epithelial carcinoma with the limbus, the corneal epithelial stem cell zone. Being long-term residents in an epithelium, stem cells are uniquely susceptible to the accumulation of multiple, oncogenic changes giving rise to tumors. The application of the stem cell concept can explain many important carcinoma features including the clonal origin and heterogeneity of tumors, the occasional formation of tumors from the transit amplifying cells or progenitor cells, the formation of precancerous 'patches' and 'fields', the mesenchymal influence on carcinoma formation and behavior, and the plasticity of tumor cells. While the concept of cancer stem cells is extremely useful and it is generally assumed that such cells are derived from normal stem cells, more work is needed to identify and characterize epithelial cancer stem cells, to address their precise relationship with normal stem cells, to study their markers and their proliferative and differentiation properties and to design new therapies that can overcome their unusual resistance to chemotherapy and other conventional tumor modalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stanley J Miller
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Srivastava MD, Ambrus JL. Effect of 1,25(OH)2 Vitamin D3 analogs on differentiation induction and cytokine modulation in blasts from acute myeloid leukemia patients. Leuk Lymphoma 2005; 45:2119-26. [PMID: 15370259 DOI: 10.1080/1042819032000159924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), cell proliferation and differentiation are uncoupled, causing a maturation block. Induction of terminal differentiation is a potential therapeutic strategy. 1alpha, 25(OH)2 Vitamin D3 regulates differentiation and is immunomodulatory at concentrations causing severe hypercalcemia, thus limiting its use. We investigated 1alpha, 25(OH)2 Vitamin D3 and 5 of its more potent analogs with reduced calcium resorbing activity for differentiation of blast cells from AML (FAB M1) patients, compared to TPA. Blast phenotype, p-glycoprotein expression, cytokine production, and lineage specificity were examined. The Vitamin D3 analogs had no effect on cell viability and proliferation. They induced incomplete differentiation, with increase in AP, NSE and NBT positivity of cells, but no cell sticking and spreading as observed with TPA. The analogs were more effective than the parent compound. They also inhibited the production of IL-6 and IL-8. Vitamin D3 and its analogs can induce differentiation of primary cells from AML patients in vitro, but may need to be combined with other agents for terminal differentiation of blasts and effective therapy in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maya D Srivastava
- Department of Pediatrics, Metro Health Medical Center, 2500 Metro Health Drive, Cleveland, Ohio 44109, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Bruserud O, Tronstad KJ, Berge R. In vitro culture of human osteosarcoma cell lines: a comparison of functional characteristics for cell lines cultured in medium without and with fetal calf serum. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2005; 131:377-84. [PMID: 15776274 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-004-0650-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2004] [Accepted: 11/04/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Experimental in vitro models including well-characterised cell lines can be used to identify possible new therapeutic targets for the treatment of osteosarcoma. Culture media including inactivated serum is often recommended for in vitro culture of osteosarcoma cells, but the serum component then represents a nonstandardised parameter including a wide range of unidentified mediators. To improve the standardisation we have investigated whether serum-free culture media can be used in experimental in vitro studies of osteosarcoma cell lines. METHODS The seven osteosarcoma cell lines Cal72, SJSA-1, Saos-2, SK-ES-1, U2OS, 143.98.2, and KHOS-32IH were cultured in vitro in various serum-free media and media supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated fetal calf serum (FCS). RESULTS Although proliferation often was relatively low in serum-free media (X-vivo 10, X-vivo 15, X-vivo 20, Stem Span SFEM), some cell lines (Cal72, KHOS-32IH, Saos-2) showed proliferation comparable with the recommended FCS-containing media even when using serum-free conditions. The optimal serum-free medium then varied between cell lines. We also compared 6 different FCS-containing media (including Stem Span with 10% FCS) and the optimal FCS-containing medium varied between cell lines. However, all cell lines proliferated well in Stem Span with FCS, and this medium was regarded as optimal for four of the lines. FCS could not be replaced by fatty acids or low density lipoprotein when testing the Stem Span medium. The release of a wide range of soluble mediators showed only minor differences when using serum-free and FCS-containing media (including Stem Span with and without FCS), and serum-free Stem Span could also be used for in vitro studies of mitogen-stimulated T cell activation in the presence of accessory osteosarcoma cells. The use of Stem Span with 10% FCS allowed the release of a wide range of chemokines by osteosarcoma cell lines (Cal72, SJSA-1), and the chemokine release profile was very similar to the fibroblast lines Hs27 and HFL1. CONCLUSIONS Serum-free culture media can be used for in vitro studies of several osteosarcoma cell lines, but the optimal medium varies between cell lines and thus depends on: (i) the cell lines to be investigated/compared; (ii) the functional characteristic that is evaluated (proliferation, cytokine release); and (iii) whether coculture experiments are included.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oystein Bruserud
- Section for Hematology, Institute of Medicine, The University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Tronstad KJ, Berge K, Berge RK, Bruserud Ø. Modified fatty acids and their possible therapeutic targets in malignant diseases. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2005; 7:663-77. [PMID: 14498827 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.7.5.663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acids and other lipids have multiple roles in the cell, functioning as structural components, participating in intracellular signalling and serving as metabolic fuel. Various compounds that influence cellular lipid metabolism can reduce the growth of malignant cells, and dietary as well as pharmacological strategies for modulating lipid metabolism have therefore been suggested as possible approaches for cancer prevention and treatment. By chemically modifying fatty acids (e.g., butyrates, retinoids), new potential anticancer agents have been produced that possess increased metabolic stability and more specific and potent biological activity compared to the natural fatty acids. Possible therapeutic targets for such modified fatty acids include: i) Histone deacetylase; ii) nuclear hormone receptors (retinoid receptors), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors; iii) cyclooxygenase-2; iv) intracellular signalling involving protein farnesylation and Ras activation; and v) various mitochondrial functions. Although several fatty acid derivatives have been thoroughly investigated in experimental models, clinical data on toxicity and pharmacological interactions are not available for the majority of these agents. However, several promising novel compounds are now being evaluated in preclinical and early clinical studies, and future research will hopefully reveal new formulations and therapy schedules that will improve the outcome of patients with malignant disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karl J Tronstad
- Institute of Medicine, Section of Medical Biochemistry, University of Bergen, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Glenjen N, Ersvaer E, Ryningen A, Bruserud Ø. In vitro effects of native human acute myelogenous leukemia blasts on fibroblasts and osteoblasts. Int J Cancer 2004; 111:858-67. [PMID: 15300797 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.20353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow stromal cells constitute a heterogeneous population, and in the present study we investigated intercellular crosstalk via release of soluble mediators between native human AML blasts and fibroblasts/osteoblasts. Coculture of nonleukemic stromal cells and AML blasts separated by a semipermeable membrane decreased proliferation of the fibroblast line HFL1, and the inhibition was maintained when HFL1 and AML cells were cultured in direct contact. A similar inhibitory effect was observed for osteoblastic sarcoma cell lines (Cal72, SJSA-1) and normal osteoblasts. GM-CSF was released by both nonleukemic cells and a subset of AML blast populations, and increased levels of GM-CSF were detected in AML cocultures with fibroblasts and osteoblastic sarcoma cells when testing AML cell populations with constitutive GM-CSF release. Furthermore, constitutive IL-1beta secretion by AML blasts was detected only for a subset of patients, whereas relatively high levels of IL-1RA were observed for all patients; coculture of AML blasts with HFL1 fibroblasts and osteoblastic sarcoma cells increased IL-1beta levels for patients with constitutive IL-1beta secretion, whereas IL-1RA levels were slightly decreased but still generally higher than IL-1beta levels (tested only for HFL1 fibroblasts). The bidirectional crosstalk between AML blasts and stromal cells with increased release of AML growth factors may be important in leukemogenesis, whereas the decreased stromal cell proliferation combined with the persistent release of IL-1RA may in addition inhibit remaining normal hematopoiesis and thereby contribute to bone marrow failure in AML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nils Glenjen
- Section for Hematology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital and University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Glenjen N, Hovland R, Wergeland L, Wendelbo Ø, Ernst P, Bruserud Ø. The angioregulatory phenotype of native human acute myelogenous leukemia cells: influence of karyotype, Flt3 abnormalities and differentiation status. Eur J Haematol 2003; 71:163-73. [PMID: 12930316 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0609.2003.00130.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The cytogenetic abnormalities and the response to induction therapy have been regarded as the most important prognostic parameters in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) patients. Recent studies have demonstrated that internal tandem duplications and specific D-835 point mutations of the Flt3 gene, as well as the angioregulatory phenotype represent additional adverse prognostic factors. The aim of the study was to investigate possible associations between genetic abnormalities, differentiation status and angioregulatory phenotype in native human AML blasts. METHOD Native AML blasts derived from consecutive patients were cultured in vitro and concentrations of angioregulatory molecules determined in the supernatants. RESULTS Most patients released at least two different angioregulatory mediators. Pro-angiogenic interleukin 8 (IL8) was released at relatively high levels for most patients, many of these patients showed additional release of pro-angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). High release of anti-angiogenic IL12 was associated with high release of pro-angiogenic IL8 and VEGF. Furthermore, patients with D-835 mutations showed increased IL12 release, whereas patients with normal karyotype had decreased HGF release. Myelomonocytic differentiation was associated with IL18 release and CD34 expression with low IL12 release. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that native human AML blasts have a pro-angiogenic phenotype. Although the investigated genetic abnormalities are associated with variation in the in vitro release of angioregulators, these differences are relatively small and do not quantitatively involve the most important IL8 release. It therefore seems unlikely that this phenotypic variation can explain the prognostic impact of the genetic abnormalities.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antigens, CD34/analysis
- Cell Differentiation
- Collagen/metabolism
- Endostatins
- Endothelial Growth Factors/metabolism
- Female
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/metabolism
- Hepatocyte Growth Factor/metabolism
- Humans
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Interleukin-12/metabolism
- Interleukin-18/metabolism
- Interleukin-8/metabolism
- Karyotyping
- Leptin/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/physiopathology
- Lymphokines/metabolism
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neovascularization, Pathologic
- Peptide Fragments/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Point Mutation
- Prognosis
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
- fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nils Glenjen
- Section for Hematology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital and the University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Bruserud Ø, Glenjen N, Ryningen A. Effects of angiogenic regulators on in vitro proliferation and cytokine secretion by native human acute myelogenous leukemia blasts. Eur J Haematol 2003; 71:9-17. [PMID: 12801293 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0609.2003.00080.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis seems to be important in the pathogenesis of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). The endothelial cell proliferation and microvessel formation are regulated by a wide range of soluble mediators, including angiogenin, angiopoietin-2, basic fibroblast growth factors, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF-D, angiostatin and endostatin. In the present study, it has been investigated whether these mediators have an additional direct effect on the proliferation and cytokine release by native human AML blasts. AML cells derived from a large group of consecutive patients were investigated. All these mediators could alter the proliferation and cytokine release [interleukin (IL) 1beta, IL6, IL8, tumor necrosis factor alpha] for a minority of patients. Alteration of spontaneous proliferation by at least one mediator was detected in five of 38 patients; whereas, altered cytokine (Flt3-ligand, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, stem cell factor)-dependant proliferation was observed for 10 patients. Growth enhancement was most frequently observed, whereas growth inhibition was uncommon. The effects on AML blast proliferation were often dependant on or were modulated by the presence of the three hematopoietic growth factors. Based on the present results, it is concluded that angioregulatory mediators have additional growth-enhancing effects directly on the AML blasts for certain patients. However, based on the results from this investigation and previous studies it is suggested that their major contribution to the pathogenesis of AML is through their effects on regulation of bone marrow angiogenesis, and future studies of these mediators in AML should probably focus on these effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Øystein Bruserud
- Division for Hematology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, and The University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Inazawa Y, Saeki K, Yuo A. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-induced terminal maturation of human myeloid cells is specifically associated with up-regulation of receptor-mediated function and CD10 expression. Int J Hematol 2003; 77:142-51. [PMID: 12627849 DOI: 10.1007/bf02983213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The acute promyelocytic leukemia cell line NB4 was differentiated by all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), which enhanced the superoxide-producing capacity stimulated by the chemotactic peptide and phorbol ester in this cell line. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) by itself had no effect on NB4 cells but exerted additional enhancing effects on the respiratory burst activity in the presence of ATRA. This finding was not due to the induction of G-CSF receptor by ATRA, because NB4 cells expressed abundant G-CSF receptor with or without ATRA. Unlike ATRA, G-CSF enhanced superoxide release stimulated by the chemotactic peptide but not by phorbol ester. In addition, G-CSF but not ATRA attenuated cell death and enhanced survival during differentiation. Cell surface expression of the chemotactic peptide receptors CD33 and CD10 but not of CD11b and CD11c was up-regulated by ATRA plus G-CSF far more profoundly than by ATRA alone. Fundamentally identical but slightly different phenomena for the cell surface expression of CD33 and CD10 were observed in the normal human bone marrow mononuclear cells; G-CSF induced CD10 even in the absence of ATRA and down-regulated CD33 in normal cells. The present results indicate that G-CSF-induced terminal maturation of human myeloid cells is associated with up-regulation of receptor-mediated function and CD10 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Inazawa
- Department of Hematology, Research Institute, International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Inazawa Y, Nakatsu M, Yasugi E, Saeki K, Yuo A. Lipid Droplet Formation in Human Myeloid NB4 Cells Stimulated by All Trans Retinoic Acid and Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor: Possible Involvement of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor .GAMMA. Cell Struct Funct 2003; 28:487-93. [PMID: 14745140 DOI: 10.1247/csf.28.487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
All trans retinoic acid (ATRA), a differentiation inducer for human myeloid NB4 cells, induced accumulation of lipid droplet as determined by positivity of Nile Red and Oil Red O in this cell line. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), although not having detectable effect by itself, exerted the additive effects on lipid droplet formation in NB4 cells when combined with ATRA. mRNA analysis for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) revealed the initial transient downregulation followed by upregulation of the transcript for PPARgamma2, a master molecule for adipogenesis, and upregulation of PPARalpha. BADGE, a synthetic antagonist for PPARgamma, potently inhibited lipid droplet formation in NB4 cells stimulated by ATRA and/or G-CSF, but not the functional differentiation of the cells by ATRA and/or G-CSF. These results suggest that ATRA and G-CSF induce lipid droplet formation via certain PPARgamma-mediated specific mechanisms in human myeloid NB4 cells during functional differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Inazawa
- Department of Hematology, Research Institute, International Medical Center of Japan, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Conventional treatment of acute leukemia involves the use of cytotoxic agents (chemotherapy), but other strategies have been explored. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic have clearly been effective in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), which creates the possibility that other types of acute leukemia can be conquered by selectively inducing differentiation and/or apoptosis. A great number of investigations have been performed to elucidate the mechanisms and search for effective agents in the treatment of other types of acute leukemia by these new strategies. Progress at the molecular level has been achieved in explaining the mechanisms of action of ATRA and arsenic compounds, and several new agents have emerged, although their clinical effectiveness remains to be confirmed. Mechanism-/gene-based targeted therapy and a combination of different strategies will improve the treatment of acute leukemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Yi Wang
- Shanghai Second Medical University, Shangai Institute of Hematology, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
Abstract
Conventional treatment of acute leukemia involves the use of cytotoxic agents (chemotherapy), but other strategies have been explored. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic have clearly been effective in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), which creates the possibility that other types of acute leukemia can be conquered by selectively inducing differentiation and/or apoptosis. A great number of investigations have been performed to elucidate the mechanisms and search for effective agents in the treatment of other types of acute leukemia by these new strategies. Progress at the molecular level has been achieved in explaining the mechanisms of action of ATRA and arsenic compounds, and several new agents have emerged, although their clinical effectiveness remains to be confirmed. Mechanism-/gene-based targeted therapy and a combination of different strategies will improve the treatment of acute leukemia.
Collapse
|
41
|
Zsila F, Bikádi Z, Simonyi M. Retinoic acid binding properties of the lipocalin member beta-lactoglobulin studied by circular dichroism, electronic absorption spectroscopy and molecular modeling methods. Biochem Pharmacol 2002; 64:1651-60. [PMID: 12429354 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(02)01350-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Interaction between the Vitamin A derivative all-trans retinoic acid and the lipocalin member bovine beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) was studied by circular dichroism (CD) and electronic absorption spectroscopy at different pH values. In neutral and alkaline solutions achiral retinoic acid forms a non-covalent complex with the protein as indicated by the appearance of a negative Cotton effect around 347 nm associated to the narrowed and red shifted pi-pi(*) absorption band of the ligand. The induced optical activity is attributed to the helical distortion of the conjugated chain caused by the chiral protein binding environment. As the disappearing CD activity showed in the course of CD-pH titration experiment, retinoic acid molecules dissociate from BLG upon acidification but this release is completely reversible as proved by the reconstitution of the CD and absorption spectra after setting the pH back to neutral. This unique behavior of the complex is explained by the conformational change of BLG (Tanford transition) which involves a movement of the EF loop at the entrance of the central cavity from open to closed conformation in the course of pH lowering. From these results it was inferred that retinoic acid binds within the hydrophobic calyx of the beta-barrel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Zsila
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, P.O. Box 17, 1525, Budapest, Hungary.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Zheng X, Ravatn R, Lin Y, Shih WC, Rabson A, Strair R, Huberman E, Conney A, Chin KV. Gene expression of TPA induced differentiation in HL-60 cells by DNA microarray analysis. Nucleic Acids Res 2002; 30:4489-99. [PMID: 12384596 PMCID: PMC137144 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkf580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) is a potent inducer of differentiation in human promyelocytic leukemia cells. Recently, TPA has been successfully administered to patients with myelocytic leukemia and has produced therapeutic effects that led to temporary remission. These studies demonstrated the potential efficacy of TPA in cancer chemotherapy. We now seek to understand the biological effects and molecular mechanisms of differentiation in response to TPA treatment in leukemia cells by expression profiling using DNA microarray. Our results show distinct temporal and coordinated gene changes that are consistent with differentiation and activation of multiple biochemical pathways in HL-60 cells exposed to TPA. Alterations of gene expression in HL-60 cells include various transcription factors, cytokines and protein markers that are consistent with the induction of differentiation elicited by TPA. These temporal patterns of gene expression were abolished or greatly diminished in an HL-60 derived TPA- resistant variant cell line (HL-525), thus revealing transcriptional and consequential biochemical changes that may be required for TPA-induced differentiation. In addition, certain genes were upregulated by TPA in TPA-resistant HL-525 cells but not in TPA-sensitive HL-60 cells suggesting that these genes may play a role in the resistant phenotype. These patterns of gene expression may be important for predicting response to TPA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zheng
- Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8020, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Glenjen N, Mosevoll KA, Bruserud Ø. Serum levels of angiogenin, basic fibroblast growth factor and endostatin in patients receiving intensive chemotherapy for acute myelogenous leukemia. Int J Cancer 2002; 101:86-94. [PMID: 12209593 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.10566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis seems to be important both in the pathogenesis of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and for the susceptibility of AML blasts to chemotherapy. Recent clinical studies even suggest that antiangiogenic therapy can induce disease control in patients with AML relapse. In this context we have investigated the profile of the systemic component of angiogenic regulation in AML by characterizing the serum levels of (i) the angiogenic regulators angiogenin, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and endostatin; (ii) the endothelial cell marker soluble (s) E-selectin. Patients with untreated AML had increased levels of angiogenin, endostatin and sE-selectin, whereas the levels of bFGF were not significantly altered. The systemic levels of the proangiogenic bFGF, the antiangiogenic endostatin and the endothelial cell marker sE-selectin showed significant correlations, whereas angiogenin and sE-selectin levels were not correlated. Furthermore, intensive chemotherapy resulted in decreased systemic levels of the 2 proangiogenic mediators angiogenin and bFGF, whereas endostatin levels remained high after treatment. Although angiogenin normally is a part of the acute phase reaction, its systemic levels were not altered when patients with chemotherapy-induced cytopenia developed complicating bacterial infections. Our results suggest that intensive chemotherapy can modulate the systemic component of angiogenic regulation in AML patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nils Glenjen
- Section for Hematology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital and the University of Bergen, Norway.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Gjertsen BT, Øyan AM, Marzolf B, Hovland R, Gausdal G, Døskeland SO, Dimitrov K, Golden A, Kalland KH, Hood L, Bruserud Ø. Analysis of acute myelogenous leukemia: preparation of samples for genomic and proteomic analyses. JOURNAL OF HEMATOTHERAPY & STEM CELL RESEARCH 2002; 11:469-81. [PMID: 12183832 DOI: 10.1089/15258160260090933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
During the last decade, several large clinical studies have demonstrated that analysis of chromosomal abnormalities is an essential basis for therapeutic decisions in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), and cytogenetic studies should now be regarded as mandatory both for routine treatment and as a part of clinical investigations in AML. However, new techniques for detailed genetic characterization and analysis of gene expression as well as protein modulation will become important in the further classification of AML subsets and the development of risk-adapted therapeutic strategies. In this context, we emphasize the importance of population-based clinical studies as a basis for future therapeutic guidelines. Such studies will then require the inclusion of patients at small clinical centers without specialized hematological research laboratories. To document a high and uniform quality of the laboratory investigations, it will be necessary to collect material for later analysis in selected laboratories. In this article, we describe current methods for collection of biological samples that can be used for later preparation of DNA, RNA, and proteins. With the use of gradient-separated AML cells, it should be possible to establish the necessary techniques for collection and handling of biological samples even at smaller centers, and complete collections from all included patients should then be possible even in population-based clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bjørn Tore Gjertsen
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gade Institute, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Bruserud Ø, Gjertsen BT, Ulvestad E. Expression of Fc(epsilon)-receptors by human acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) blasts: studies of high- and low- (CD23) affinity receptor expression and the effects of IgE-mediated receptor ligation on functional AML blast characteristics. Leuk Res 2002; 26:515-21. [PMID: 11916528 DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(01)00165-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) blasts derived from 20 patients were examined for expression of high- (Fc(epsilon)RI) and low-affinity (Fc(epsilon)RII, CD23) IgE Fc(epsilon)-receptors. Fc(epsilon)RI expression was not detected for any patient. In contrast, expression of CD23 (at least 15% of the blasts stained positive) was detected for 6 out of the 20 patients. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) blasts derived from 12 patients did not express CD23 (<1% positive cells for all patients). The functional effects of Fc(epsilon)R-receptor ligation were also examined for 20 patients, including the five patients with highest CD23 expression (30-55% positive cells) and five patients with verified low CD23 expression (<or=7% positive cells). The presence of IgE during in vitro culture altered the functional characteristics (spontaneous and cytokine-dependent proliferation, colony formation, cytokine secretion, or spontaneous in vitro apoptosis) of AML blasts for a subset of both CD23-positive patients and certain patients with very low CD23 expression. This last observation suggests that Fc(epsilon)R are either expressed at a very low level or receptors are expressed only by a minor cell subset for these patients. We conclude that functional Fc(epsilon)R can be expressed by human AML cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ø Bruserud
- Division for Hematology, Medical Department, The Gade Institute, Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
This article provides a review of the acute leukemias with updated basic and practical information. The main emphasis is on techniques used to arrive at the correct diagnosis. Although morphology and cytochemistry were the mainstays of diagnosis in the past, new developments in immunophenotyping, cytogenetics, molecular biology, and in vitro assays have improved the understanding of this disease dramatically and enable the identification of new entities with distinct clinicobiologic features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harold R Schumacher
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Bruserud O. Effects of azoles on human acute myelogenous leukemia blasts and T lymphocytes derived from acute leukemia patients with chemotherapy-induced cytopenia. Int Immunopharmacol 2001; 1:2183-95. [PMID: 11710547 DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5769(01)00145-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effects of azoles (fluconazole, ketoconazole, miconazole, itraconazole) on human acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) blasts and T lymphocytes were studied in vitro. All the azoles altered spontaneous proliferation, cytokine-dependent proliferation and constitutive cytokine secretion by native AML blasts for a subset of patients, and all the drugs then had divergent effects. All four drugs also affected the responsiveness (cytokine-dependent and mitogen-stimulated proliferation, cytokine release) of clonogenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells derived from acute leukemia patients with chemotherapy-induced cytopenia. However, the T cell effects were also divergent and dependent on differences between various azoles, AML accessory cells and mitogenic activation signals. These drug effects may have a clinical relevance in acute leukemia patients receiving intensive chemotherapy together with azoles as prophylaxis or treatment for fungal infections: (i) effects on AML blasts may influence their susceptibility to drug-induced apoptosis; and (ii) effects on T cells may alter effector functions that mediate additional antileukemic effects in patients receiving intensive chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Bruserud
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital and the University of Bergen, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Garattini E, Terao M. Cytodifferentiation: a novel approach to cancer treatment and prevention. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2001; 1:358-63. [PMID: 11710733 DOI: 10.1016/s1471-4892(01)00062-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cytodifferentiation therapy promises to control cancer growth and progression with less serious side effects than cytotoxic chemotherapy. Despite recent progress, the molecular mechanisms regulating the differentiation of many cell types are still obscure and the number of active cytodifferentiating agents is limited. Rational ways to develop these types of agents are necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Garattini
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Centro Catullo e Daniela Borgomainerio, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milano, Italy.
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Yuo A. Differentiation, apoptosis, and function of human immature and mature myeloid cells: intracellular signaling mechanism. Int J Hematol 2001; 73:438-452. [PMID: 11503957 DOI: 10.1007/bf02994005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Human myeloid cells include hematopoietic cells at various stages of differentiation, from immature myeloid cells to mature phagocytes. Normal immature myeloid cells undergo differentiation concomitantly with proliferation in response to hematopoietic growth factors, and terminally differentiated cells, ie, mature phagocytes, exert their effector functions and then die a natural death via apoptosis. However, leukemic myeloid cells are induced to differentiate with growth suppression by several inducers, such as retinoic acid. This review describes differentiation, apoptosis, and functionality of human myeloid cells. mainly focusing on the intracellular signaling mechanism. The signal transduction system for these biological events of the life cycle of myeloid cells has recently been studied, and several characteristics have been elucidated. First, the signaling pathway for myeloid differentiation is mainly focused in the mitogen-activated protein kinases, such as extracellular signal-regulated kinase and p38, and transcriptional factors such as the signal transducers and activators of transcription PU.1 and CCAAT enhancer binding protein. Second, the signaling mechanism for myeloid cell apoptosis is fundamentally identical to that found in other cells. Caspases, caspase-activated DNase, and mitochondrial molecules such as apoptosis-inducing factor have been reported to be important, and mitogen-activated protein kinases such as p38 appear to be less important. Finally, p38 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase play critical roles in the signaling cascade for functional activation of mature phagocytes. The reasons why the same signaling molecules play distinct roles according to the differentiation stage and biological event await future clarification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Yuo
- Department of Hematology, Research Institute, International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Bruserud O, Gjertsen BT, Foss B, Huang TS. New strategies in the treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML): in vitro culture of aml cells--the present use in experimental studies and the possible importance for future therapeutic approaches. Stem Cells 2001; 19:1-11. [PMID: 11209086 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.19-1-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In vitro studies of cultured native acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) blasts and cell lines have contributed significantly to our present knowledge about the pathogenesis of AML. In the present article we review different techniques for preparation and in vitro culture of AML blasts. Well-characterized serum-free in vitro conditions can now be used in experimental studies of AML, and this makes comparisons between different studies easier. We also describe assays for characterization of AML progenitor subsets (i.e., suspension cultures, colony assays, long-term in vitro culture, xenotransplantation in immunocompromised mice), and we discuss the possible use of AML cell lines as experimental models in AML. Furthermore, clinical studies suggest that the in vitro growth characteristics of AML blasts assayed by short-term culture of the total native populations can be used as a predictor of prognosis after intensive chemotherapy. These in vitro assays may therefore be used for more accurate identification of prognostic parameters and thereby form a basis for the development of simplified laboratory techniques suitable for routine evaluation of patients undergoing risk-adapted therapy. However, it will be equally important to further evaluate the clinical relevance of assays for primitive AML progenitors, and to develop simplified methods that can be used to characterize these progenitor subsets in the routine clinical evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Bruserud
- Division for Hematology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|