1
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Zhao Z, Du Y, Yan K, Zhang L, Guo Q. Exercise and osteoimmunology in bone remodeling. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23554. [PMID: 38588175 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301508rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Bones can form the scaffolding of the body, support the organism, coordinate somatic movements, and control mineral homeostasis and hematopoiesis. The immune system plays immune supervisory, defensive, and regulatory roles in the organism, which mainly consists of immune organs (spleen, bone marrow, tonsils, lymph nodes, etc.), immune cells (granulocytes, platelets, lymphocytes, etc.), and immune molecules (immune factors, interferons, interleukins, tumor necrosis factors, etc.). Bone and the immune system have long been considered two distinct fields of study, and the bone marrow, as a shared microenvironment between the bone and the immune system, closely links the two. Osteoimmunology organically combines bone and the immune system, elucidates the role of the immune system in bone, and creatively emphasizes its interdisciplinary characteristics and the function of immune cells and factors in maintaining bone homeostasis, providing new perspectives for skeletal-related field research. In recent years, bone immunology has gradually become a hot spot in the study of bone-related diseases. As a new branch of immunology, bone immunology emphasizes that the immune system can directly or indirectly affect bones through the RANKL/RANK/OPG signaling pathway, IL family, TNF-α, TGF-β, and IFN-γ. These effects are of great significance for understanding inflammatory bone loss caused by various autoimmune or infectious diseases. In addition, as an external environment that plays an important role in immunity and bone, this study pays attention to the role of exercise-mediated bone immunity in bone reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghan Zhao
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxiang Du
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Yan
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingli Zhang
- College of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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2
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Li F, Wang X, Shi J, Wu S, Xing W, He Y. Anti-inflammatory effect of dental pulp stem cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1284868. [PMID: 38077342 PMCID: PMC10701738 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1284868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have received a lot of attention as a regenerative medicine tool with strong immunomodulatory capabilities. The excessive inflammatory response involves a variety of immune cells, cytokines, and has a considerable impact on tissue regeneration. The use of DPSCs for controlling inflammation for the purpose of treating inflammation-related diseases and autoimmune disorders such as supraspinal nerve inflammation, inflammation of the pulmonary airways, systemic lupus erythematosus, and diabetes mellitus is likely to be safer and more regenerative than traditional medicines. The mechanism of the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of DPSCs is relatively complex, and it may be that they themselves or some of the substances they secrete regulate a variety of immune cells through inflammatory immune-related signaling pathways. Most of the current studies are still at the laboratory cellular level and animal model level, and it is believed that through the efforts of more researchers, DPSCs/SHED are expected to be transformed into excellent drugs for the clinical treatment of related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- FenYao Li
- Institute of Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - XinXin Wang
- Institute of Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin Shi
- Institute of Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - ShuTing Wu
- Institute of Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - WenBo Xing
- Institute of Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan He
- Institute of Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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3
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Fang YH, Wang SPH, Liao IC, Tsai KJ, Huang PH, Yang PJ, Yen CJ, Liu PY, Shan YS, Liu YW. HLA-E high /HLA-G high /HLA-II low Human iPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes Exhibit Low Immunogenicity for Heart Regeneration. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301186. [PMID: 37672681 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Although human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs)-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) can remuscularize infarcted hearts and restore post-infarct cardiac function, post-transplant rejection resulting from human leukocyte antigen (HLA) mismatching is an enormous obstacle. It is crucial to identify hypoimmunogenic hPSCs for allogeneic cell therapy. This study is conducted to demonstrate the immune privilege of HLA-Ehigh /HLA-Ghigh /HLA-IIlow human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs). Ischemia-reperfusion surgery is done to create transmural myocardial infarction in rats. At post-infarct 4 days, hPSC-CMs (1.0×107 cells per kg), including human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hESC-CMs), HLA-Elow/HLA-Glow/HLA-IIhigh hiPSC-CMs, and HLA-Ehigh /HLA-Ghigh /HLA-IIlow hiPSC-CMs, are injected into the infarcted myocardium. Under the treatment of very low dose cyclosporine A (CsA), only HLA-Ehigh /HLA-Ghigh /HLA-IIlow hiPSC-CMs survive in vivo and improved post-infarct cardiac function with infarct size reduction. HLA-Ehigh /HLA-Ghigh /HLA-IIlow hiPSC-CMs activate the SHP-1 signaling pathway of natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T cells to evade attack by NK cells and cytotoxic T cells. Herein, it is demonstrated that using a clinically relevant CsA dose, HLA-Ehigh /HLA-Ghigh /HLA-IIlow hiPSC-CMs repair the infarcted myocardium and restore the post-infarct heart function. HLA-Ehigh /HLA-Ghigh /HLA-IIlow hiPSCs are less immunogenic and may serve as platforms for regeneration medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsien Fang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70401, Taiwan
- Center of Cell Therapy, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70403, Taiwan
| | - Saprina P H Wang
- Center of Cell Therapy, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70403, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70403, Taiwan
| | - I-Chuang Liao
- Department of Pathology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, 71004, Taiwan
| | - Kuen-Jer Tsai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70401, Taiwan
- Center of Cell Therapy, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70403, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsien Huang
- Center of Cell Therapy, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70403, Taiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jung Yang
- Center of Cell Therapy, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70403, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70403, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jui Yen
- Center of Cell Therapy, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70403, Taiwan
- Department of Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70403, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Yen Liu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70401, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70403, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Shen Shan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70401, Taiwan
- Center of Cell Therapy, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70403, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70403, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Wen Liu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70401, Taiwan
- Center of Cell Therapy, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70403, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70403, Taiwan
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Xu W, Yang Y, Li N, Hua J. Interaction between Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Immune Cells during Bone Injury Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14484. [PMID: 37833933 PMCID: PMC10572976 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fractures are the most common large organ trauma in humans. The initial inflammatory response promotes bone healing during the initial post-fracture phase, but chronic and persistent inflammation due to infection or other factors does not contribute to the healing process. The precise mechanisms by which immune cells and their cytokines are regulated in bone healing remain unclear. The use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for cellular therapy of bone injuries is a novel clinical treatment approach. Bone progenitor MSCs not only differentiate into bone, but also interact with the immune system to promote the healing process. We review in vitro and in vivo studies on the role of the immune system and bone marrow MSCs in bone healing and their interactions. A deeper understanding of this paradigm may provide clues to potential therapeutic targets in the healing process, thereby improving the reliability and safety of clinical applications of MSCs to promote bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Na Li
- Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (W.X.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Jinlian Hua
- Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (W.X.); (Y.Y.)
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5
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Barachini S, Biso L, Kolachalam S, Petrini I, Maggio R, Scarselli M, Longoni B. Mesenchymal Stem Cell in Pancreatic Islet Transplantation. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051426. [PMID: 37239097 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic islet transplantation is a therapeutic option for achieving physiologic regulation of plasma glucose in Type 1 diabetic patients. At the same time, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have demonstrated their potential in controlling graft rejection, the most fearsome complication in organ/tissue transplantation. MSCs can interact with innate and adaptive immune system cells either through direct cell-cell contact or through their secretome including exosomes. In this review, we discuss current findings regarding the graft microenvironment of pancreatic islet recipient patients and the crucial role of MSCs operation as cell managers able to control the immune system to prevent rejection and promote endogenous repair. We also discuss how challenging stressors, such as oxidative stress and impaired vasculogenesis, may jeopardize graft outcomes. In order to face these adverse conditions, we consider either hypoxia-exposure preconditioning of MSCs or human stem cells with angiogenic potential in organoids to overcome islets' lack of vasculature. Along with the shepherding of carbon nanotubes-loaded MSCs to the transplantation site by a magnetic field, these studies look forward to exploiting MSCs stemness and their immunomodulatory properties in pancreatic islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Barachini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Letizia Biso
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Shivakumar Kolachalam
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Aseptic Pharmacy, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W6 8RF, UK
| | - Iacopo Petrini
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Maggio
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Marco Scarselli
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Biancamaria Longoni
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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6
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Exocytotic Vesicles. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032085. [PMID: 36768406 PMCID: PMC9916886 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), as a kind of pluripotent stem cells, have attracted much attention in orthopedic diseases, geriatric diseases, metabolic diseases, and sports functions due to their osteogenic potential, chondrogenic differentiation ability, and adipocyte differentiation. Anti-inflammation, anti-fibrosis, angiogenesis promotion, neurogenesis, immune regulation, and secreted growth factors, proteases, hormones, cytokines, and chemokines of MSCs have been widely studied in liver and kidney diseases, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. In recent years, many studies have shown that the extracellular vesicles of MSCs have similar functions to MSCs transplantation in all the above aspects. Here we review the research progress of MSCs and their exocrine vesicles in recent years.
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7
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Sheikholeslami A, Fazaeli H, Kalhor N, Khoshandam M, Eshagh Hoseini SJ, Sheykhhasan M. Use of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Crohn's Disease and Perianal Fistulas: A Narrative Review. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 18:76-92. [PMID: 34530720 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x16666210916145717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Crohn's Disease (CD), which usually leads to anal fistulas among patients, is the most important inflammatory bowel disease that causes morbidity in many people around the world. This review article proposes using MSCs as a hopeful therapeutic strategy for CD and anal fistula treatment in both preclinical and clinical conditions. Finally, darvadstrocel, a cell-based medication to treat complex anal fistulas in adults, as the only European Medicines Agency (EMA)-approved product for the treatment of anal fistulas in CD is addressed. Although several common therapies, such as surgery and anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) drugs as well as a combination of these methods is used to improve this disease, however, due to the low effectiveness of these treatments, the use of new strategies with higher efficiency is still recommended. Cell therapy is among the new emerging therapeutic strategies that have attracted great attention from clinicians due to its unique capabilities. One of the most widely used cell sources administrated in cell therapy is mesenchymal stem cell (MSC). This review article will discuss preclinical and clinical studies about MSCs as a potent and promising therapeutic option in the treatment of CD and anal fistula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azar Sheikholeslami
- Department of Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Qom Branch, Qom, Iran
| | - Hoda Fazaeli
- Department of Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Qom Branch, Qom,Iran
| | - Naser Kalhor
- Department of Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Qom Branch, Qom, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Khoshandam
- Department of Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Qom Branch, Qom, Iran
| | | | - Mohsen Sheykhhasan
- Department of Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Qom Branch, Qom, Iran.,Department of Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Microcapsule-Based Dose-Dependent Regulation of the Lifespan and Behavior of Adipose-Derived MSCs as a Cell-Mediated Delivery System: In Vitro Study. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010292. [PMID: 36613737 PMCID: PMC9820487 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of “biohybrid” drug delivery systems (DDS) based on mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) is an important focus of current biotechnology research, particularly in the areas of oncotheranostics, regenerative medicine, and tissue bioengineering. However, the behavior of MSCs at sites of inflammation and tumor growth is relevant to potential tumor transformation, immunosuppression, the inhibition or stimulation of tumor growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Therefore, the concept was formulated to control the lifespan of MSCs for a specific time sufficient for drug delivery to the target tissue by varying the number of internalized microcontainers. The current study addressed the time-dependent in vitro assessment of the viability, migration, and division of human adipose-derived MSCs (hAMSCs) as a function of the dose of internalized polyelectrolyte microcapsules prepared using a layer-by-layer technique. Polystyrene sulfonate (PSS)—poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH)-coated spherical micrometer-sized (diameter ~2−3 µm) vaterite (CaCO3) microcapsules (PAH-PSS)6 with the capping PSS layer were prepared after dissolution of the CaCO3 core template. The Cell-IQ phase contrast imaging results showed that hAMSCs internalized all (PAH-PSS)6 microcapsules saturating the intercellular medium (5−90 particles per cell). A strong (r > 0.7) linear dose-dependent and time-dependent (up to 8 days) regression was observed between the in vitro decrease in cell viability and the number of internalized microvesicles. The approximate time-to-complete-death of hAMSCs at different concentrations of microcapsules in culture was 428 h (1:5 ratio), 339 h (1:10), 252 h (1:20), 247 h (1:45), and 170 h (1:90 ratio). By varying the number of microcontainers loaded into the cells (from 1:10 to 1:90), a dose-dependent exponential decrease in both the movement rate and division rate of hAMSCs was observed. A real-time cell analysis (RTCA) of the effect of (PAH-PSS)6 microcapsules (from 1:5 to 1:20) on hAMSCs also showed a dose- and time-dependent decrease in cell longevity after a 50h study at ratios of 1:10 and 1:20. The incorporation of microcapsules (1:5, 1:20, and 1:45) resulted in a dose-dependent increase in 24−48 h secretion of GRO-α (CXCL1), MIF, and SDF-1α (CXCL12) chemokines in hAMSC culture. In turn, the normalization or inhibition of chemokine secretion occurred after 72 h, except for MIF levels below 5−20 microcapsules, which were internalized by MSCs. Thus, the proposed concept of controlling the lifespan of MSC-based DDS using a dose of internalized PAH-PSS microcapsules could be useful for biomedical applications. (PAH-PSS)6 microcapsule ratios of 1:5 and 1:10 have little effect on the lifespan of hAMSCs for a long time (up to 14−18 days), which can be recommended for regenerative therapy and tissue bioengineering associated with low oncological risk. The microcapsule ratios of 1:20 and 1:45 did not significantly restrict the migratory activity of hAMSCs-based DDS during the time interval required for tissue delivery (up to 4−5 days), followed by cell death after 10 days. Therefore, such doses of microcapsules can be used for hAMSC-based DDS in oncotheranostics.
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Combination of Stem Cells with Chinese Herbs for Secondary Depression in Neurodegenerative Diseases Based on Traditional Chinese Medicine Theories. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6847917. [PMID: 35280507 PMCID: PMC8913071 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6847917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a common secondary symptom in neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) caused by the loss of neurons and glial cells. Recent research focuses on stem cell therapy to replace dead nerve cells, but the low efficiency of stem cell differentiation and short survival time are obstacles limiting the therapy's effectiveness. Clinically, patients with different diseases cannot obtain the same effect by using the same cell therapy. However, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) often uses syndrome differentiation to determine the treatment plan for NDs. Based on TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment, this article summarizes the advantages of Chinese herbal medicine combined with stem cell therapy, mainly for the effects of various herbs on diseases and stem cells, including prolonging the survival time of stem cells, resisting inflammation, and antidepressant-like effects. In particular, it analyzes the unique pathways of the influence of drugs and acupuncture on different therapies, seeking to clarify the scientific TCM system. This review mainly elaborates on the treatment of secondary depression in TCM and the advantages of a herbal combined stem cell therapy in various methods. We believe it can provide a new clinical concept for secondary depression to obtain good clinical effects and reduce the risks borne by patients.
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10
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Li C, Mills Z, Zheng Z. Novel cell sources for bone regeneration. MedComm (Beijing) 2021; 2:145-174. [PMID: 34766140 PMCID: PMC8491221 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A plethora of both acute and chronic conditions, including traumatic, degenerative, malignant, or congenital disorders, commonly induce bone disorders often associated with severe persisting pain and limited mobility. Over 1 million surgical procedures involving bone excision, bone grafting, and fracture repair are performed each year in the U.S. alone, resulting in immense levels of public health challenges and corresponding financial burdens. Unfortunately, the innate self-healing capacity of bone is often inadequate for larger defects over a critical size. Moreover, as direct transplantation of committed osteoblasts is hindered by deficient cell availability, limited cell spreading, and poor survivability, an urgent need for novel cell sources for bone regeneration is concurrent. Thanks to the development in stem cell biology and cell reprogramming technology, many multipotent and pluripotent cells that manifest promising osteogenic potential are considered the regenerative remedy for bone defects. Considering these cells' investigation is still in its relative infancy, each of them offers their own particular challenges that must be conquered before the large-scale clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenshuang Li
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Zane Mills
- College of DentistryUniversity of OklahomaOklahoma CityOklahomaUSA
| | - Zhong Zheng
- Division of Growth and Development, School of DentistryUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
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11
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Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Modeling of Tumor Targeted Drug Delivery Using Nano-Engineered Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13010092. [PMID: 33445681 PMCID: PMC7828117 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nano-engineered mesenchymal stem cells (nano-MSCs) are promising targeted drug delivery platforms for treating solid tumors. MSCs engineered with paclitaxel (PTX) loaded poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) are efficacious in treating lung and ovarian tumors in mouse models. The quantitative description of pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of nano-MSCs is crucial for optimizing their therapeutic efficacy and clinical translatability. However, successful translation of nano-MSCs is challenging due to their complex composition and physiological mechanisms regulating their pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationship (PK-PD). Therefore, in this study, a mechanism-based preclinical PK-PD model was developed to characterize the PK-PD relationship of nano-MSCs in orthotopic A549 human lung tumors in SCID Beige mice. The developed model leveraged literature information on diffusivity and permeability of PTX and PLGA NPs, PTX release from PLGA NPs, exocytosis of NPs from MSCs as well as PK and PD profiles of nano-MSCs from previous in vitro and in vivo studies. The developed PK-PD model closely captured the reported tumor growth in animals receiving no treatment, PTX solution, PTX-PLGA NPs and nano-MSCs. Model simulations suggest that increasing the dosage of nano-MSCs and/or reducing the rate of PTX-PLGA NPs exocytosis from MSCs could result in improved anti-tumor efficacy in preclinical settings.
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12
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Bagheri-Mohammadi S. Stem cell-based therapy as a promising approach in Alzheimer's disease: current perspectives on novel treatment. Cell Tissue Bank 2021; 22:339-353. [PMID: 33398492 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-020-09896-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neuronal disorder with insidious onset and slow progression, leading to growing global concern with huge implications for individuals and society. The occurrence of AD has been increased and has become an important health issue throughout the world. In recent years, the care of more than 35 million patients with AD costs over $ 600 billion per year, it is approximately 1 percent of the global Gross Domestic Product. Currently, the therapeutic approach is not effective for neurological deficits especially after the development of these major neurological disorders. The discovery of the technique called cell-based therapy has shown promising results and made important conclusions beyond AD using the stem cells approach. Here we review recent progress on stem cell-based therapy in the context of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Bagheri-Mohammadi
- Department of Physiology and Neurophysiology Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran. .,Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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13
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Shi L, Li W, Liu Y, Chen Z, Hui Y, Hao P, Xu X, Zhang S, Feng H, Zhang B, Zhou S, Li N, Xiao L, Liu L, Ma L, Zhang X. Generation of hypoimmunogenic human pluripotent stem cells via expression of membrane-bound and secreted β2m-HLA-G fusion proteins. Stem Cells 2020; 38:1423-1437. [PMID: 32930470 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Allogeneic immune rejection is a major barrier for the application of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) in regenerative medicine. A broad spectrum of immune cells, including T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and antigen-presenting cells, which either cause direct cell killing or constitute an immunogenic environment, are involved in allograft immune rejection. A strategy to protect donor cells from cytotoxicity while decreasing the secretion of inflammatory cytokines of lymphocytes is still lacking. Here, we engineered hPSCs with no surface expression of classical human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I proteins via beta-2 microglobulin (B2M) knockout or biallelic knockin of HLA-G1 within the frame of endogenous B2M loci. Elimination of the surface expression of HLA class I proteins protected the engineered hPSCs from cytotoxicity mediated by T cells. However, this lack of surface expression also resulted in missing-self response and NK cell activation, which were largely compromised by expression of β2m-HLA-G1 fusion proteins. We also proved that the engineered β2m-HLA-G5 fusion proteins were soluble, secretable, and capable of safeguarding low immunogenic environments by lowering inflammatory cytokines secretion in allografts. Our current study reveals a novel strategy that may offer unique advantages to construct hypoimmunogenic hPSCs via the expression of membrane-bound and secreted β2m-HLA-G fusion proteins. These engineered hPSCs are expected to serve as an unlimited cell source for generating universally compatible "off-the-shelf" cell grafts in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shi
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Brain and Spinal Cord Clinical Research Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Li
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Brain and Spinal Cord Clinical Research Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Chen
- Brain and Spinal Cord Clinical Research Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Hui
- Brain and Spinal Cord Clinical Research Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengcheng Hao
- Brain and Spinal Cord Clinical Research Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangjie Xu
- Brain and Spinal Cord Clinical Research Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuwei Zhang
- Brain and Spinal Cord Clinical Research Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hexi Feng
- Brain and Spinal Cord Clinical Research Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Bowen Zhang
- Brain and Spinal Cord Clinical Research Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Zhou
- Brain and Spinal Cord Clinical Research Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Li
- Brain and Spinal Cord Clinical Research Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Xiao
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai SiDanSai Biotechnology Limited Company, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Liu
- Brain and Spinal Cord Clinical Research Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Ma
- Brain and Spinal Cord Clinical Research Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- Brain and Spinal Cord Clinical Research Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Reconstruction and Regeneration of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Tsingtao Advanced Research Institute, Tongji University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
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14
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Defining the Optimal FVIII Transgene for Placental Cell-Based Gene Therapy to Treat Hemophilia A. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2020; 17:465-477. [PMID: 32258210 PMCID: PMC7109377 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The delivery of factor VIII (FVIII) through gene and/or cellular platforms has emerged as a promising hemophilia A treatment. Herein, we investigated the suitability of human placental cells (PLCs) as delivery vehicles for FVIII and determined an optimal FVIII transgene to produce/secrete therapeutic FVIII levels from these cells. Using three PLC cell banks we demonstrated that PLCs constitutively secreted low levels of FVIII, suggesting their suitability as a transgenic FVIII production platform. Furthermore, PLCs significantly increased FVIII secretion after transduction with a lentiviral vector (LV) encoding a myeloid codon-optimized bioengineered FVIII containing high-expression elements from porcine FVIII. Importantly, transduced PLCs did not upregulate cellular stress or innate immunity molecules, demonstrating that after transduction and FVIII production/secretion, PLCs retained low immunogenicity and cell stress. When LV encoding five different bioengineered FVIII transgenes were compared for transduction efficiency, FVIII production, and secretion, data showed that PLCs transduced with LV encoding hybrid human/porcine FVIII transgenes secreted substantially higher levels of FVIII than did LV encoding B domain-deleted human FVIII. In addition, data showed that in PLCs, myeloid codon optimization is needed to increase FVIII secretion to therapeutic levels. These studies have identified an optimal combination of FVIII transgene and cell source to achieve clinically meaningful levels of secreted FVIII.
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15
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Eljarrah A, Gergues M, Pobiarzyn PW, Sandiford OA, Rameshwar P. Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Immune-Mediated Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1201:93-108. [PMID: 31898783 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-31206-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that can self-renew and differentiate into cells of all germ layers. MSCs can be easily attracted to the site of tissue insult with high levels of inflammatory mediators. The general ability of MSCs to migrate at the sites of tissue injury suggested an innate ability for these cells to be involved in baseline tissue repair. The bone marrow is one of the primary sources of MSCs, though they can be ubiquitous. An attractive property of MSCs for clinical application is their ability to cross allogeneic barrier. However, alone, MSCs are not immune suppressive cells. Rather, they can be licensed by the tissue microenvironment to become immune suppressor cells. Immune suppressor functions of MSCs include those that blunt cytotoxicity of natural killer cells, suppression of T-cell proliferation, and "veto" function. MSCs, as third-party cells, suppress the immune response that generally recapitulates graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) responses. Based on the plastic functions of MSCs, these cells have dominated the field of cell-based therapies, such as anti-inflammatory and drug delivery. Here, we focus on the potential use of MSC for immunological disorders such as Crohn's disease and GvHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Eljarrah
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
- Rutgers School of Graduate School at New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Marina Gergues
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
- Rutgers School of Graduate School at New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Piotr W Pobiarzyn
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
- Rutgers School of Graduate School at New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Oleta A Sandiford
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
- Rutgers School of Graduate School at New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Pranela Rameshwar
- Department of Medicine - Division of Hematology/Oncology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers School of Biomedical Health Science, Newark, NJ, USA.
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16
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Therapeutic Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for Immunotherapy and for Gene and Drug Delivery. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2020; 16:204-224. [PMID: 32071924 PMCID: PMC7012781 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) possess several fairly unique properties that, when combined, make them ideally suited for cellular-based immunotherapy and as vehicles for gene and drug delivery for a wide range of diseases and disorders. Key among these are: (1) their relative ease of isolation from a variety of tissues; (2) the ability to be expanded in culture without a loss of functionality, a property that varies to some degree with tissue source; (3) they are relatively immune-inert, perhaps obviating the need for precise donor/recipient matching; (4) they possess potent immunomodulatory functions that can be tailored by so-called licensing in vitro and in vivo; (5) the efficiency with which they can be modified with viral-based vectors; and (6) their almost uncanny ability to selectively home to damaged tissues, tumors, and metastases following systemic administration. In this review, we summarize the latest research in the immunological properties of MSCs, their use as immunomodulatory/anti-inflammatory agents, methods for licensing MSCs to customize their immunological profile, and their use as vehicles for transferring both therapeutic genes in genetic disease and drugs and genes designed to destroy tumor cells.
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17
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Lérias JR, de Sousa E, Paraschoudi G, Martins J, Condeço C, Figueiredo N, Carvalho C, Dodoo E, Maia A, Castillo-Martin M, Beltrán A, Ligeiro D, Rao M, Zumla A, Maeurer M. Trained Immunity for Personalized Cancer Immunotherapy: Current Knowledge and Future Opportunities. Front Microbiol 2020; 10:2924. [PMID: 31998254 PMCID: PMC6967396 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory formation, guided by microbial ligands, has been reported for innate immune cells. Epigenetic imprinting plays an important role herein, involving histone modification after pathogen-/danger-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs/DAMPs) recognition by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Such "trained immunity" affects not only the nominal target pathogen, yet also non-related targets that may be encountered later in life. The concept of trained innate immunity warrants further exploration in cancer and how these insights can be implemented in immunotherapeutic approaches. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of innate immune memory and we reference new findings in this field, highlighting the observations of trained immunity in monocytic and natural killer cells. We also provide a brief overview of trained immunity in non-immune cells, such as stromal cells and fibroblasts. Finally, we present possible strategies based on trained innate immunity that may help to devise host-directed immunotherapies focusing on cancer, with possible extension to infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana R Lérias
- ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Eric de Sousa
- ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - João Martins
- ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carolina Condeço
- ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nuno Figueiredo
- Digestive Unit, Champalimaud Clinical Centre, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carlos Carvalho
- Digestive Unit, Champalimaud Clinical Centre, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ernest Dodoo
- ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Andreia Maia
- Molecular and Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mireia Castillo-Martin
- Molecular and Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Champalimaud Clinical Centre, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Antonio Beltrán
- Department of Pathology, Champalimaud Clinical Centre, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Dário Ligeiro
- Lisbon Centre for Blood and Transplantation, Instituto Português do Sangue e Transplantação, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Martin Rao
- ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alimuddin Zumla
- Division of Infection and Immunity, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Markus Maeurer
- ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
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18
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Jiang W, Xu J. Immune modulation by mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Prolif 2019; 53:e12712. [PMID: 31730279 PMCID: PMC6985662 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be derived from various adult tissues with multipotent and self‐renewal abilities. The characteristics of presenting no major ethical concerns, having low immunogenicity and possessing immune modulation functions make MSCs promising candidates for stem cell therapies. MSCs could promote inflammation when the immune system is underactivated and restrain inflammation when the immune system is overactivated to avoid self‐overattack. These cells express many immune suppressors to switch them from a pro‐inflammatory phenotype to an anti‐inflammatory phenotype, resulting in immune effector cell suppression and immune suppressor cell activation. We would discuss the mechanisms governing the immune modulation function of these cells in this review, especially the immune‐suppressive effects of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Anatomy, Histology & Developmental Biology, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianyong Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Anatomy, Histology & Developmental Biology, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Immunology, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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19
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Human Hepatocytes and Differentiated Adult-Derived Human Liver Stem/Progenitor Cells Display In Vitro Immunosuppressive Properties Mediated, at Least in Part, through the Nonclassical HLA Class I Molecule HLA-G. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:8250584. [PMID: 31612154 PMCID: PMC6757295 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8250584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the main challenges in liver cell therapy (LCT) is the induction of a tolerogenic microenvironment to promote graft acceptance in the recipient. Little is known about the immunomodulatory potential of the hepatic cells used in liver cell therapy. In this work, we wanted to evaluate the immunosuppressive properties of human hepatocytes and adult-derived human liver stem/progenitor cells (ADHLSCs), as well as the potential involvement of the immunomodulatory molecule HLA-G. We demonstrated that both cell types were capable of inhibiting the proliferative response of PBMCs to an allogenic stimulus and that the immune inhibitory potential of ADHLSCs, although lower than that of hepatocytes, increased after hepatogenic differentiation. We demonstrated that liver cells express HLA-G and that the immune inhibition pattern was clearly associated to its expression. Interestingly, HLA-G expression increased after the third step of differentiation, wherein oncostatin M (OSM) was added. A 48 hr treatment with OSM was sufficient to induce HLA-G expression in ADHLSCs and result in immune inhibition. Surprisingly, blocking HLA-G partially reversed the immune inhibition mediated by hepatocytes and differentiated ADHLSCs, but not that of undifferentiated ADHLSCs, suggesting that additional immune inhibitory mechanisms may be used by these cells. In conclusion, we demonstrated that both hepatocytes and ADHLSCs present immunomodulatory properties mediated, at least in part, through HLA-G, which can be upregulated following hepatogenic differentiation or liver cell pretreatment with OSM. These observations open up new perspectives for the induction of tolerance following LCT and for potential therapeutic applications of these liver cells.
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20
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Cheng S, Nethi SK, Rathi S, Layek B, Prabha S. Engineered Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Targeting Solid Tumors: Therapeutic Potential beyond Regenerative Therapy. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 370:231-241. [PMID: 31175219 PMCID: PMC6640188 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.259796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have previously demonstrated considerable promise in regenerative medicine based on their ability to proliferate and differentiate into cells of different lineages. More recently, there has been a significant interest in using MSCs as cellular vehicles for targeted cancer therapy by exploiting their tumor homing properties. Initial studies focused on using genetically modified MSCs for targeted delivery of various proapoptotic, antiangiogenic, and therapeutic proteins to a wide variety of tumors. However, their use as drug delivery vehicles has been limited by poor drug load capacity. This review discusses various strategies for the nongenetic modification of MSCs that allows their use in tumor-targeted delivery of small molecule chemotherapeutic agents. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: There has been considerable interest in exploiting the tumor homing potential of MSCs to develop them as a vehicle for the targeted delivery of cytotoxic agents to tumor tissue. The inherent tumor-tropic and drug-resistant properties make MSCs ideal carriers for toxic payload. While significant progress has been made in the area of the genetic modification of MSCs, studies focused on identification of molecular mechanisms that contribute to the tumor tropism along with optimization of the engineering conditions can further improve their effectiveness as drug delivery vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Cheng
- Departments of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology (S.C., S.K.N., B.L., S.P.) and Pharmaceutics (S.R., S.P.), College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota
| | - Susheel Kumar Nethi
- Departments of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology (S.C., S.K.N., B.L., S.P.) and Pharmaceutics (S.R., S.P.), College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota
| | - Sneha Rathi
- Departments of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology (S.C., S.K.N., B.L., S.P.) and Pharmaceutics (S.R., S.P.), College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota
| | - Buddhadev Layek
- Departments of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology (S.C., S.K.N., B.L., S.P.) and Pharmaceutics (S.R., S.P.), College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota
| | - Swayam Prabha
- Departments of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology (S.C., S.K.N., B.L., S.P.) and Pharmaceutics (S.R., S.P.), College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota
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21
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Joel MDM, Yuan J, Wang J, Yan Y, Qian H, Zhang X, Xu W, Mao F. MSC: immunoregulatory effects, roles on neutrophils and evolving clinical potentials. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:3890-3904. [PMID: 31312397 PMCID: PMC6614638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent, non-hematopoietic stem cells capable of differentiating into varieties of mature cell types such as osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, and myoblasts. MSCs can be isolated from different kinds of tissues and cultivated in vitro for amplification and passage easily. These cells have drawn researcher's attention lately due to their ability of tissue repair, properties of hematopoiesis support and function of immunoregulation through the secretion of a variety of cytokines and growth factors that have both paracrine and autocrine activities. MSCs can regulate the proliferation of T cells, the antibodies secretion of B cells, maturation of DC, polarization of macrophages and also have many effects on neutrophils such as the suppression of NO secretion, inhibition of apoptosis, reduction of their infiltration, decreasing of N-Formy l-L-Methionine-L-leucy l-L-phenylalanine, induction of respiratory bursts and promotion of survivals. In some conditions, MSCs exert their function of treatment through immunoregulation. We reviewed the multifaceted roles of MSCs in communicating with immune cells mainly neutrophils in both in vivo and in vitro experiments. MSCs may provide promising trends for cell therapy in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mbobda Defo Marius Joel
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jintao Yuan
- The People’s Hospital of Danyang, Affiliated Danyang Hospital of Nantong UniversityZhenjiang 212300, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jingyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yongmin Yan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Hui Qian
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Wenrong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Fei Mao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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22
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Al-Jaibaji O, Swioklo S, Connon CJ. Mesenchymal stromal cells for ocular surface repair. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2019; 19:643-653. [PMID: 30979344 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2019.1607836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cornea is a transparent, robust tissue that comprises highly organized cells. Disruption of this specialized tissue can lead to scarring and subsequent blindness, making corneal damage a considerable challenge worldwide. At present, the available medical treatments are unable to address the wide range of corneal diseases. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have increasingly been investigated for their regenerative effect on ocular surface injury due to their unique ability for growth factor production, anti-inflammatory activity, immunomodulatory capacity and differentiation into multiple cell lineages. AREAS COVERED Within this review, we explore the pathogenesis of corneal disorders in response to injury and disease, and the potential for MSCs to modulate this process as a treatment. Through the review of over 25 animal studies, we investigate the common mechanisms of action by which MSCs have their effect and discuss their potential for treating and/or preventing corneal deterioration EXPERT OPINION Depending on the environmental cues, MSCs can exert a potent effect on corneal wound healing through reducing opacity and vascularization, whilst promoting re-epithelialization. Whilst their mechanism is multifactorial, it seems clear that the anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory factors they produce in response to damage are key to their control of cellular milieu and improving healing outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olla Al-Jaibaji
- a Institute of Genetic Medicine , Newcastle University, International Centre for Life , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK
| | - Stephen Swioklo
- a Institute of Genetic Medicine , Newcastle University, International Centre for Life , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK
| | - Che J Connon
- a Institute of Genetic Medicine , Newcastle University, International Centre for Life , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK
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23
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Regmi S, Pathak S, Kim JO, Yong CS, Jeong JH. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for the treatment of inflammatory diseases: Challenges, opportunities, and future perspectives. Eur J Cell Biol 2019; 98:151041. [PMID: 31023504 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising alternative agents for the treatment of inflammatory disorders due to their immunomodulatory functions, and several clinical trials on MSC-based products are currently being conducted. In this review, we discuss recent progress made on the use of MSCs as immunomodulatory agents, developmental challenges posed by MSC-based therapy, and the strategies being used to overcome these challenges. In this context, current understanding of the mechanisms responsible for MSC interactions with the immune system and the molecular responses of MSCs to inflammatory signals are discussed. The immunosuppressive activities of MSCs are initiated by cell-to-cell contact and the release of immuno-regulatory molecules. By doing so, MSCs can inhibit the proliferation and function of T cells, natural killer cells, B cells, and dendritic cells, and can also increase the proliferation of regulatory T cells. However, various problems, such as low transplanted cell viability, poor homing and engraftment into injured tissues, MSC heterogeneity, and lack of adequate information on optimum MSC doses impede clinical applications. On the other hand, it has been shown that the immunomodulatory activities and viabilities of MSCs might be enhanced by 3D-cultured systems, genetic modifications, preconditioning, and targeted-delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shobha Regmi
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Shiva Pathak
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Oh Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Soon Yong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jee-Heon Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Krasowska-Kwiecien A, Gozdzik J, Jarocha D, Wozniak M, Czogala W, Wiecha O, Skoczen S, Dluzniewska A, Majka M. Mesenchymal Stem Cells as a Salvage Treatment for Severe Refractory Graft-vs-Host Disease in Children After Bone Marrow Transplantation. Transplant Proc 2019; 51:880-889. [PMID: 30979480 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2019.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) enables a novel approach to the therapy of graft- vs-host disease (GVHD) after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Herein we present our preliminary experience with the use of allogeneic bone marrow‒derived MSC in 9 pediatric patients after hematopoietic transplantation complicated by severe acute or chronic GVHD (aGVHD, cGVHD) resistant to steroids and second-line immunosuppressants. The MSC therapy was applied concurrently with immunosuppressive treatment in 5 patients as a single infusion, in four patients as 2-6 infusions. The median dose of cells per infusion was 1.9 × 106/kg of recipient body weight (range, 0.1-6.5 × 106/kg). The median quantity of cells applied to patients was 1.2 × 106/kg (range, 0.2-30.9 × 106/kg). We did not observe any adverse symptoms of MSC therapy. Overall, partial, or complete remission (PR and CR, respectively) was obtained in 56% of patients after the first MSC infusions, and 44% after completing therapy. In those with skin involvement 50% achieved permanent CR, 38% in those with gastrointestinal manifestations, and 33% in those with liver GVHD. Three patients with overlap syndrome had amelioration, but none had permanent remission. Long-term improvement after consecutive MSC doses was observed in 3 patients. In the 4- to 8-year follow-up, 3 patients are alive and 2 have attained permanent remission. Six patients died during follow-up: 4 with aGVHD and 2 with infectous complications. Co-treatment of streoid-resistant GVHD with MSC and conventional immunosuppression can improve the outcome, although therapy regimens remain to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Krasowska-Kwiecien
- Department of Transplantation, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland; Department of Transplantation, Children's University Hospital, Krakow, Poland.
| | - J Gozdzik
- Department of Transplantation, Children's University Hospital, Krakow, Poland; Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - D Jarocha
- Department of Transplantation, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - M Wozniak
- Department of Transplantation, Children's University Hospital, Krakow, Poland
| | - W Czogala
- Department of Transplantation, Children's University Hospital, Krakow, Poland
| | - O Wiecha
- Department of Transplantation, Children's University Hospital, Krakow, Poland
| | - S Skoczen
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Haematology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland; Pediatric Oncology and Haematology Unit, Children's University Hospital in Krakow, Poland
| | - A Dluzniewska
- Department of Transplantation, Children's University Hospital, Krakow, Poland
| | - M Majka
- Department of Transplantation, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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25
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Mardpour S, Hamidieh AA, Taleahmad S, Sharifzad F, Taghikhani A, Baharvand H. Interaction between mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles and immune cells by distinct protein content. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:8249-8258. [PMID: 30378105 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) can effectively contribute to tissue regeneration inside the inflammatory microenvironment mostly through modulating immune responses. MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) display immunoregulatory functions similar to parent cells. Interactions between MSC-EVs and immune cells make them an ideal therapeutic candidate for infectious, inflammatory, and autoimmune diseases. These properties of MSC-EVs have encouraged researchers to perform extensive studies on multiple factors that mediate MSC-EVs immunomodulatory effects. Investigation of proteins involved in the complex interplay of MSC-EVs and immune cells may help us to better understand their functions. Here, we performed a comprehensive proteomic analysis of MSC-EVs that was previously reported by ExoCarta database. A total of 938 proteins were identified as MSC-EV proteome using quantitative proteomics techniques. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis demonstrates that ECM-receptor interaction, focal adhesion, and disease-specific pathways are enriched in MSC-EVs. By detail analysis of proteins presence in immune system process, we found that expression of some cytokines, chemokines, and chemokine receptors such as IL10, HGF, LIF, CCL2, VEGFC, and CCL20, which leads to migration of MSC-EVs to injured sites, suppression of inflammation and promotion of regeneration in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Also, some chemoattractant proteins such as CXCL2, CXCL8, CXCL16, DEFA1, HERC5, and IFITM2 were found in MSC-EV proteome. They may actively recruit immune cells to the proximity of MSC or MSC-EVs, may result in boosting immune response under specific circumstances, and may have protective role in infectious diseases. In this review, we summarize available information about immunomodulation of MSC-EVs with particular emphasis on their proteomics analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soura Mardpour
- Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences Department, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Ali Hamidieh
- Pediatric Stem Cell Transplant Department, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Taleahmad
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Sharifzad
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Adeleh Taghikhani
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
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26
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Ebrahimikia Y, Darabi S, Rajaei F. Roles of stem cells in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. THE JOURNAL OF QAZVIN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.29252/qums.22.4.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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27
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Bagheri-Mohammadi S, Karimian M, Alani B, Verdi J, Tehrani RM, Noureddini M. Stem cell-based therapy for Parkinson's disease with a focus on human endometrium-derived mesenchymal stem cells. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:1326-1335. [PMID: 30146713 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) as an increasing clinical syndrome is a multifunctional impairment with systemic involvement. At present, therapeutic approaches such as l-3,4-dihydroxy-phenylalanine replacement therapy, dopaminergic agonist administration, and neurosurgical treatment intend to relieve PD symptoms which are palliative and incompetent in counteracting PD progression. These mentioned therapies have not been able to replace the lost cells and they could not effectively slow down the relentless neurodegenerative process. Till now, there is a lack of eligible treatment for PD, and stem cells therapy recently has been considered for PD treatment. In this review, we demonstrate how human stem cell technology especially human endometrium-derived stem cells have made advancement as a therapeutic source for PD compared with other treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Bagheri-Mohammadi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.,Physiology Research Centre, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Karimian
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Behrang Alani
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Javad Verdi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Rana Moradian Tehrani
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Noureddini
- Physiology Research Centre, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.,Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Bortolotti D, Rossignoli F, Rotola A, Campioni D, Cultrera R, Grisendi G, Dominici M, Rizzo R. Human Herpes simplex 1 virus infection of endometrial decidual tissue-derived MSC alters HLA-G expression and immunosuppressive functions. Hum Immunol 2018; 79:800-808. [PMID: 30118778 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells have immunosuppressive functions. Our previous results demonstrated that one of the players of this immunomodulation can be ascribed to the Human Leukocyte Antigen-G. HLA-G, a non classical HLA class I antigen, is involved in immune tolerance during pregnancy, organ transplantation, autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. In this study we wanted to verify whether human endometrial decidual tissue derived (EDT)-MSC could express HLA-G. Additionally we assessed the permissivity to Human Herpesvirus infections, using HSV-1 as a model, and the possible effect on EDT-MSC immunosuppressive functions towards peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) proliferation. METHODS We analyzed immune-inhibitory functions and HLA-G expression in human EDT-MSC before and after HSV-1 infection. RESULTS We observed that EDT-MSC express HLA-G molecules, that partly are responsible for the immune-inhibitory functions of EDT-MSC towards PBMC proliferation. EDT-MSC are permissive for a productive infection by HSV-1, that decreases HLA-G expression and affects EDT-MSC immune-inhibitory functions. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that EDT-MSC are susceptible to HSV-1 infection, that reduces HLA-G expression and their immune-inhibitory function. These data could have a clinical implication in the use of EDT-MSC as an immunosuppressant, in particular in steroid-refractory GvHD after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and in autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Bortolotti
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Filippo Rossignoli
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Antonella Rotola
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Diana Campioni
- Department of Specialist Biomedical and Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Rosario Cultrera
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giulia Grisendi
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Massimo Dominici
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Roberta Rizzo
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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29
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Volarevic V, Markovic BS, Gazdic M, Volarevic A, Jovicic N, Arsenijevic N, Armstrong L, Djonov V, Lako M, Stojkovic M. Ethical and Safety Issues of Stem Cell-Based Therapy. Int J Med Sci 2018; 15:36-45. [PMID: 29333086 PMCID: PMC5765738 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.21666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 415] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Results obtained from completed and on-going clinical studies indicate huge therapeutic potential of stem cell-based therapy in the treatment of degenerative, autoimmune and genetic disorders. However, clinical application of stem cells raises numerous ethical and safety concerns. In this review, we provide an overview of the most important ethical issues in stem cell therapy, as a contribution to the controversial debate about their clinical usage in regenerative and transplantation medicine. We describe ethical challenges regarding human embryonic stem cell (hESC) research, emphasizing that ethical dilemma involving the destruction of a human embryo is a major factor that may have limited the development of hESC-based clinical therapies. With previous derivation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) this problem has been overcome, however current perspectives regarding clinical translation of iPSCs still remain. Unlimited differentiation potential of iPSCs which can be used in human reproductive cloning, as a risk for generation of genetically engineered human embryos and human-animal chimeras, is major ethical issue, while undesired differentiation and malignant transformation are major safety issues. Although clinical application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has shown beneficial effects in the therapy of autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases, the ability to promote tumor growth and metastasis and overestimated therapeutic potential of MSCs still provide concerns for the field of regenerative medicine. This review offers stem cell scientists, clinicians and patient's useful information and could be used as a starting point for more in-depth analysis of ethical and safety issues related to clinical application of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav Volarevic
- University of Kragujevac, Serbia, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research
| | - Bojana Simovic Markovic
- University of Kragujevac, Serbia, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research
| | - Marina Gazdic
- University of Kragujevac, Serbia, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Genetics
| | - Ana Volarevic
- University of Kragujevac, Serbia, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research
| | - Nemanja Jovicic
- University of Kragujevac, Serbia, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Histology and Embryology
| | - Nebojsa Arsenijevic
- University of Kragujevac, Serbia, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research
| | | | | | - Majlinda Lako
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Miodrag Stojkovic
- University of Kragujevac, Serbia, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Genetics
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30
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Galleu A, Riffo-Vasquez Y, Trento C, Lomas C, Dolcetti L, Cheung TS, von Bonin M, Barbieri L, Halai K, Ward S, Weng L, Chakraverty R, Lombardi G, Watt FM, Orchard K, Marks DI, Apperley J, Bornhauser M, Walczak H, Bennett C, Dazzi F. Apoptosis in mesenchymal stromal cells induces in vivo recipient-mediated immunomodulation. Sci Transl Med 2017; 9:eaam7828. [PMID: 29141887 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aam7828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 444] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
The immunosuppressive activity of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) is well documented. However, the therapeutic benefit is completely unpredictable, thus raising concerns about MSC efficacy. One of the affecting factors is the unresolved conundrum that, despite being immunosuppressive, MSCs are undetectable after administration. Therefore, understanding the fate of infused MSCs could help predict clinical responses. Using a murine model of graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), we demonstrate that MSCs are actively induced to undergo perforin-dependent apoptosis by recipient cytotoxic cells and that this process is essential to initiate MSC-induced immunosuppression. When examining patients with GvHD who received MSCs, we found a striking parallel, whereby only those with high cytotoxic activity against MSCs responded to MSC infusion, whereas those with low activity did not. The need for recipient cytotoxic cell activity could be replaced by the infusion of apoptotic MSCs generated ex vivo. After infusion, recipient phagocytes engulf apoptotic MSCs and produce indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, which is ultimately necessary for effecting immunosuppression. Therefore, we propose the innovative concept that patients should be stratified for MSC treatment according to their ability to kill MSCs or that all patients could be treated with ex vivo apoptotic MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Galleu
- Regenerative Medicine, Division of Cancer Studies and Cancer Research UK King's Health Partners, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | | | - Cristina Trento
- Regenerative Medicine, Division of Cancer Studies and Cancer Research UK King's Health Partners, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Cara Lomas
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London NW3 2QG, UK
- Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Luigi Dolcetti
- Regenerative Medicine, Division of Cancer Studies and Cancer Research UK King's Health Partners, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Tik Shing Cheung
- Regenerative Medicine, Division of Cancer Studies and Cancer Research UK King's Health Partners, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Malte von Bonin
- University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Laura Barbieri
- Regenerative Medicine, Division of Cancer Studies and Cancer Research UK King's Health Partners, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Krishma Halai
- Regenerative Medicine, Division of Cancer Studies and Cancer Research UK King's Health Partners, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Sophie Ward
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London NW3 2QG, UK
- Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Ling Weng
- Regenerative Medicine, Division of Cancer Studies and Cancer Research UK King's Health Partners, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Ronjon Chakraverty
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London NW3 2QG, UK
- Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Giovanna Lombardi
- Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Fiona M Watt
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Kim Orchard
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - David I Marks
- Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, Bristol BS2 8ED, UK
| | - Jane Apperley
- Centre for Haematology, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Martin Bornhauser
- Regenerative Medicine, Division of Cancer Studies and Cancer Research UK King's Health Partners, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
- University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Henning Walczak
- Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Clare Bennett
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London NW3 2QG, UK
- Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Francesco Dazzi
- Regenerative Medicine, Division of Cancer Studies and Cancer Research UK King's Health Partners, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK.
- Centre for Haematology, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
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31
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Abumaree MH, Abomaray FM, Alshabibi MA, AlAskar AS, Kalionis B. Immunomodulatory properties of human placental mesenchymal stem/stromal cells. Placenta 2017; 59:87-95. [PMID: 28411943 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are isolated from various fetal and adult tissues such as bone marrow, adipose tissue, cord blood and placenta. Placental MSCs (pMSCs), the main focus of this review, are relatively new MSC types that are not as intensively studied compared with bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMMSCs). MSCs modulate the immune functions of important immune cells involved in alloantigen recognition and elimination, including antigen presenting cells (APCs), T cells, B cells and natural killer (NK) cells. Clinical trials, both completed and underway, employ MSCs to treat various human immunological diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and type 1 diabetes. However, the mechanisms that mediate the immunosuppressive effects of pMSCs are still largely unknown, and the safety of pMSC use in clinical settings needs further confirmation. Here, we review the current knowledge of the immunosuppressive properties of placental MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Abumaree
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Minstry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh 11426, Mail Code 1515, Saudi Arabia; College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Minstry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 3660, Riyadh 11481, Mail Code 3124, Saudi Arabia.
| | - F M Abomaray
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Institutet, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M A Alshabibi
- National Center for Stem Cell Technology, Life Sciences and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, P.O Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - A S AlAskar
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Minstry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh 11426, Mail Code 1515, Saudi Arabia
| | - B Kalionis
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Pregnancy Research Centre, University of Melbourne Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
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32
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Brenner AK, Nepstad I, Bruserud Ø. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Support Survival and Proliferation of Primary Human Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells through Heterogeneous Molecular Mechanisms. Front Immunol 2017; 8:106. [PMID: 28232835 PMCID: PMC5299032 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a bone marrow malignancy, and various bone marrow stromal cells seem to support leukemogenesis, including osteoblasts and endothelial cells. We have investigated how normal bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) support the in vitro proliferation of primary human AML cells. Both MSCs and primary AML cells show constitutive release of several soluble mediators, and the mediator repertoires of the two cell types are partly overlapping. The two cell populations were cocultured on transwell plates, and MSC effects on AML cells mediated through the local cytokine/soluble mediator network could thus be evaluated. The presence of normal MSCs had an antiapoptotic and growth-enhancing effect on primary human AML cells when investigating a group of 51 unselected AML patients; this was associated with increased phosphorylation of mTOR and its downstream targets, and the effect was independent of cytogenetic or molecular-genetic abnormalities. The MSCs also supported the long-term proliferation of the AML cells. A subset of the patients also showed an altered cytokine network with supra-additive levels for several cytokines. The presence of cytokine-neutralizing antibodies or receptor inhibitors demonstrated that AML cells derived from different patients were heterogeneous with regard to effects of various cytokines on AML cell proliferation or regulation of apoptosis. We conclude that even though the effects of single cytokines derived from bone marrow MSCs on human AML cells differ among patients, the final cytokine-mediated effects of the MSCs during coculture is growth enhancement and inhibition of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette K Brenner
- Department of Clinical Science, Section for Hematology, University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway
| | - Ina Nepstad
- Department of Clinical Science, Section for Hematology, University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway
| | - Øystein Bruserud
- Department of Clinical Science, Section for Hematology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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33
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Brenner AK, Andersson Tvedt TH, Bruserud Ø. The Complexity of Targeting PI3K-Akt-mTOR Signalling in Human Acute Myeloid Leukaemia: The Importance of Leukemic Cell Heterogeneity, Neighbouring Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Immunocompetent Cells. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21111512. [PMID: 27845732 PMCID: PMC6273124 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic targeting of PI3K-Akt-mTOR is considered a possible strategy in human acute myeloid leukaemia (AML); the most important rationale being the proapoptotic and antiproliferative effects of direct PI3K/mTOR inhibition observed in experimental studies of human AML cells. However, AML is a heterogeneous disease and these effects caused by direct pathway inhibition in the leukemic cells are observed only for a subset of patients. Furthermore, the final effect of PI3K-Akt-mTOR inhibition is modulated by indirect effects, i.e., treatment effects on AML-supporting non-leukemic bone marrow cells. In this article we focus on the effects of this treatment on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and monocytes/macrophages; both these cell types are parts of the haematopoietic stem cell niches in the bone marrow. MSCs have unique membrane molecule and constitutive cytokine release profiles, and mediate their support through bidirectional crosstalk involving both cell-cell contact and the local cytokine network. It is not known how various forms of PI3K-Akt-mTOR targeting alter the molecular mechanisms of this crosstalk. The effect on monocytes/macrophages is also difficult to predict and depends on the targeted molecule. Thus, further development of PI3K-Akt-mTOR targeting into a clinical strategy requires detailed molecular studies in well-characterized experimental models combined with careful clinical studies, to identify patient subsets that are likely to respond to this treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette K Brenner
- Section for Haematology, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Tor Henrik Andersson Tvedt
- Section for Haematology, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Øystein Bruserud
- Section for Haematology, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
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Rescuing lymphocytes from HLA-G immunosuppressive effects mediated by the tumor microenvironment. Oncotarget 2016; 6:37385-97. [PMID: 26460949 PMCID: PMC4741936 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated that the antitumor activities of both T and natural killer (NK) effector populations are limited by the immunosuppressive strategies of tumors. In several malignant transformations, the expression of HLA-G by tumor cells rises dramatically, rendering them strongly immunosuppressive. In this study, we postulated that the absence of HLA-G receptors would prevent the immunosuppressive effects of both soluble and membrane-bound HLA-G. Thus, we investigated the therapeutic potential of effector NK cells genetically modified to downregulate the expression of ILT2 (HLA-G receptor) on their cell surfaces. We have shown that the proliferation of modified NK is still dependent on stimulation signals (no malignant transformation). ILT2− NK cells proliferate, migrate, and eliminate HLA-G negative targets cells to the same extent parental NK cells do. However, in the presence of HLA-G positive tumors, ILT2− NK cells exhibit superior proliferation, conjugate formation, degranulation, and killing activities compared to parent NK cells. We tested the effectiveness of ILT2− NK cells in vivo using a xenograft cancer model and found that silencing ILT2 rescued their anti-tumor activity. We believe that combining ILT2− NK cells with existing therapeutic strategies will strengthen the antitumor response in cancer patients.
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Morandi F, Pozzi S, Carlini B, Amoroso L, Pistoia V, Corrias MV. Soluble HLA-G and HLA-E Levels in Bone Marrow Plasma Samples Are Related to Disease Stage in Neuroblastoma Patients. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:7465741. [PMID: 27610393 PMCID: PMC5004009 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7465741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of nonclassical HLA-class Ib molecules HLA-G and HLA-E in the progression of Neuroblastoma (NB), the most common pediatric extracranial solid tumor, has been characterized in the last years. Since BM infiltration by NB cells is an adverse prognostic factor, we have here analyzed for the first time the concentration of soluble (s)HLA-G and HLA-E in bone marrow (BM) plasma samples from NB patients at diagnosis and healthy donors. sHLA-G and sHLA-E are present in BM plasma samples, and their levels were similar between NB patients and controls, thus suggesting that these molecules are physiologically released by resident or stromal BM cell populations. This hypothesis was supported by the finding that sHLA-G and sHLA-E levels did not correlate with BM infiltration and other adverse prognostic factors (MYCN amplification and age at diagnosis). In contrast, BM plasma levels of both molecules were higher in patients with metastatic disease than in patients with localized NB, thus suggesting that concentration of these molecules might be correlated with disease progression. The prognostic role of sHLA-G and sHLA-E concentration in the BM plasma for NB patients will be evaluated in future studies, by analyzing the clinical outcome of the same NB patients at follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Morandi
- Laboratorio di Oncologia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Sarah Pozzi
- Centro Cellule Staminali, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Largo R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Barbara Carlini
- Laboratorio di Oncologia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Loredana Amoroso
- UOC Oncologia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Vito Pistoia
- Laboratorio di Oncologia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Valeria Corrias
- Laboratorio di Oncologia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy
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The Preclinical Research Progress of Stem Cells Therapy in Parkinson's Disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:5683097. [PMID: 27379248 PMCID: PMC4917676 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5683097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a type of degenerative disorder of the basal ganglia, causing tremor at rest, muscle rigidity hypokinesia, and dementia. The effectiveness of drug treatments gradually diminishes because the conversion to dopamine within the brain is increasingly disrupted by the progressive degeneration of the dopaminergic terminals. After long-term treatment, most patients with PD suffer from disability that cannot be satisfactorily controlled. To solve these issues, stem cells have recently been used for cell therapy of PD. In this review, the characteristics of different stem cells and their therapeutic effects on PD treatment will be discussed.
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Golpanian S, Wolf A, Hatzistergos KE, Hare JM. Rebuilding the Damaged Heart: Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Cell-Based Therapy, and Engineered Heart Tissue. Physiol Rev 2016; 96:1127-68. [PMID: 27335447 PMCID: PMC6345247 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00019.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are broadly distributed cells that retain postnatal capacity for self-renewal and multilineage differentiation. MSCs evade immune detection, secrete an array of anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic mediators, and very importantly activate resident precursors. These properties form the basis for the strategy of clinical application of cell-based therapeutics for inflammatory and fibrotic conditions. In cardiovascular medicine, administration of autologous or allogeneic MSCs in patients with ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathy holds significant promise. Numerous preclinical studies of ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathy employing MSC-based therapy have demonstrated that the properties of reducing fibrosis, stimulating angiogenesis, and cardiomyogenesis have led to improvements in the structure and function of remodeled ventricles. Further attempts have been made to augment MSCs' effects through genetic modification and cell preconditioning. Progression of MSC therapy to early clinical trials has supported their role in improving cardiac structure and function, functional capacity, and patient quality of life. Emerging data have supported larger clinical trials that have been either completed or are currently underway. Mechanistically, MSC therapy is thought to benefit the heart by stimulating innate anti-fibrotic and regenerative responses. The mechanisms of action involve paracrine signaling, cell-cell interactions, and fusion with resident cells. Trans-differentiation of MSCs to bona fide cardiomyocytes and coronary vessels is also thought to occur, although at a nonphysiological level. Recently, MSC-based tissue engineering for cardiovascular disease has been examined with quite encouraging results. This review discusses MSCs from their basic biological characteristics to their role as a promising therapeutic strategy for clinical cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Golpanian
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, and Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Ariel Wolf
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, and Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Konstantinos E Hatzistergos
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, and Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Joshua M Hare
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, and Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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38
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Shen Y, Huang J, Liu L, Xu X, Han C, Zhang G, Jiang H, Li J, Lin Z, Xiong N, Wang T. A Compendium of Preparation and Application of Stem Cells in Parkinson's Disease: Current Status and Future Prospects. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:117. [PMID: 27303288 PMCID: PMC4885841 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a progressively neurodegenerative disorder, implicitly characterized by a stepwise loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and explicitly marked by bradykinesia, rigidity, resting tremor and postural instability. Currently, therapeutic approaches available are mainly palliative strategies, including L-3,4-dihydroxy-phenylalanine (L-DOPA) replacement therapy, DA receptor agonist and deep brain stimulation (DBS) procedures. As the disease proceeds, however, the pharmacotherapeutic efficacy is inevitably worn off, worse still, implicated by side effects of motor response oscillations as well as L-DOPA induced dyskinesia (LID). Therefore, the frustrating status above has propeled the shift to cell replacement therapy (CRT), a promising restorative therapy intending to secure a long-lasting relief of patients' symptoms. By far, stem cell lines of multifarious origins have been established, which can be further categorized into embryonic stem cells (ESCs), neural stem cells (NSCs), induced neural stem cells (iNSCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). In this review, we intend to present a compendium of preparation and application of multifarious stem cells, especially in relation to PD research and therapy. In addition, the current status, potential challenges and future prospects for practical CRT in PD patients will be elaborated as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shen
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Jinsha Huang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Han
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Guoxin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Haiyang Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Zhicheng Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Division of Alcohol and Drug Abuse, and Mailman Neuroscience Research Center, McLean Hospital Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Nian Xiong
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
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Blázquez R, Sánchez-Margallo FM, Álvarez V, Usón A, Casado JG. Surgical meshes coated with mesenchymal stem cells provide an anti-inflammatory environment by a M2 macrophage polarization. Acta Biomater 2016; 31:221-230. [PMID: 26654766 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Surgical meshes are widely used in clinics to reinforce soft tissue's defects, and to give support to prolapsed organs. However, the implantation of surgical meshes is commonly related with an inflammatory response being difficult to eradicate without removing the mesh. Here we hypothesize that the combined use of surgical meshes and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could be a useful tool to reduce the inflammatory reaction secondary to mesh implantation. In vitro determinations of viability, metabolic activity and immunomodulation assays were performed on MSCs-coated meshes. Magnetic resonance imaging, evaluation by laparoscopic optical system and histology were performed for safety assessment. Finally, flow cytometry and qRT-PCR were used to elucidate the mechanism of action of MSCs-coated meshes. Our results demonstrate the feasibility to obtain MSCs-coated surgical meshes and their cryopreservability to be used as an 'off the shelf' product. These biological meshes fulfill the safety aspects as non-adverse effects were observed when compared to controls. Moreover, both in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that, local immunomodulation of implanted meshes is mediated by a macrophage polarization towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype. In conclusion, the combined usage of surgical meshes with MSCs fulfills the safety requirements for a future clinical application, providing an anti-inflammatory environment that could reduce the inflammatory processes commonly observed after surgical mesh implantation. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Surgical meshes are medical devices widely used in clinics to resolve hernias and organs' prolapses, among other disorders. However, the implantation of surgical meshes is commonly related with an inflammatory response being difficult to eradicate without removing the mesh, causing pain and discomfort in the patient. Previously, the anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and pro-regenerative ability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been described. To our knowledge, this is the first report where the anti-inflammatory and pro-regenerative ability of MSCs have been successfully applied in combination with surgical meshes, reducing the inflammatory processes commonly observed after mesh implantation. Moreover, our in vitro and in vivo results highlight the safety and efficacy of these bioactive meshes as a 'ready to use' medical product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Blázquez
- Stem Cell Therapy Unit, 'Jesús Usón' Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, Cáceres 10071, Spain
| | | | - Verónica Álvarez
- Stem Cell Therapy Unit, 'Jesús Usón' Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, Cáceres 10071, Spain
| | - Alejandra Usón
- Stem Cell Therapy Unit, 'Jesús Usón' Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, Cáceres 10071, Spain
| | - Javier G Casado
- Stem Cell Therapy Unit, 'Jesús Usón' Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, Cáceres 10071, Spain.
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40
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An Y, wei W, Jing H, Ming L, Liu S, Jin Y. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell aggregate: an optimal cell therapy for full-layer cutaneous wound vascularization and regeneration. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17036. [PMID: 26594024 PMCID: PMC4655471 DOI: 10.1038/srep17036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous wounds are among the most common soft tissue injuries. Wounds involving dermis suffer more from outside influence and higher risk of chronic inflammation. Therefore the appearance and function restoration has become an imperative in tissue engineering research. In this study, cell-aggregates constructed with green fluorescent protein-expressing (GFP+) rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) were applied to rat acute full-layer cutaneous wound model to confirm its pro-regeneration ability and compare its regenerative efficacy with the currently thriving subcutaneous and intravenous stem cell administration strategy, with a view to sensing the advantages, disadvantages and the mechanism behind. According to results, cell-aggregates cultured in vitro enjoyed higher expression of several pro-healing genes than adherent cultured cells. Animal experiments showed better vascularization along with more regular dermal collagen deposition for cell-aggregate transplanted models. Immunofluorescence staining on inflammatory cells indicated a shorter inflammatory phase for cell-aggregate group, which was backed up by further RT-PCR. The in situ immunofluorescence staining manifested a higher GFP+-cell engraftment for cell-aggregate transplanted models versus cell administered ones. Thus it is safe to say the BMMSCs aggregate could bring superior cutaneous regeneration for full layer cutaneous wound to BMMSCs administration, both intravenous and subcutaneous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin An
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Center of Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, No. 145 Changlexi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.,Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 145 Changlexi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.,Zhen Jiang Entry-Exit Inspection And Quarantine Bureau, No. 84 Dongwu Road, Zhen Jiang, Jiang Su 212000, China
| | - Wei wei
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Center of Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, No. 145 Changlexi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.,Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 145 Changlexi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.,State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, No. 145 Changlexi Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Huan Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Center of Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, No. 145 Changlexi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.,Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 145 Changlexi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Leiguo Ming
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Center of Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, No. 145 Changlexi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.,Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 145 Changlexi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Shiyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Center of Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, No. 145 Changlexi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.,Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 145 Changlexi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Yan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Center of Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, No. 145 Changlexi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.,Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 145 Changlexi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
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41
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Žilinská Z, Bandžuchová H, Chrastina M, Trebatický B, Breza J, Handzušová M, Kuba D, Tirpáková J, Pavlechová M, Dedinská I, Rychlý B, Poláková K. Expression of HLA-G transcripts in graft biopsy samples of renal transplant recipients. Transpl Immunol 2015; 33:159-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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42
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Marx C, Silveira MD, Beyer Nardi N. Adipose-derived stem cells in veterinary medicine: characterization and therapeutic applications. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:803-13. [PMID: 25556829 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells, considered one of the most promising cell types for therapeutic applications due to their capacity to secrete regenerative bioactive molecules, are present in all tissues. Stem cells derived from the adipose tissue have been increasingly used for cell therapy in humans and animals, both as freshly isolated, stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells, or as cultivated adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs). ASCs have been characterized in different animal species for proliferation, differentiation potential, immunophenotype, gene expression, and potential for tissue engineering. Whereas canine and equine ASCs are well studied, feline cells are still poorly known. Many companies around the world offer ASC therapy for dogs, cats, and horses, although in most countries these activities are not yet controlled by regulatory agencies. This is the first study to review the characterization and clinical use of SVF and ASCs in spontaneously occurring diseases in veterinary patients. Although a relatively large number of studies investigating ASC therapy in induced lesions are available in the literature, a surprisingly small number of reports describe ASC therapy for naturally affected dogs, cats, and horses. A total of seven studies were found with dogs, only two studies in cats, and four in horses. Taken as a whole, the results do not allow a conclusion on the effect of this therapy, due to the generally small number of patients included, diversity of cell populations used, and lack of adequate controls. Further controlled studies are clearly needed to establish the real potential of ASC in veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Marx
- 1 Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Universidade Luterana do Brasil , Canoas, RS, Brazil
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43
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Goodarzi P, Aghayan HR, Larijani B, Soleimani M, Dehpour AR, Sahebjam M, Ghaderi F, Arjmand B. Stem cell-based approach for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2015; 29:168. [PMID: 26000262 PMCID: PMC4431356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative brain disorder which is around 1.5 times more common in men than in women. Currently, drug medications, surgery, and lifestyle changes are common approaches to PD, while all of them focused on reducing the symptoms. Therefore, regenerative medicine based on stem cell (SC) therapies has raised a promising hope. Various types of SCs have been used in basic and experimental studies relevant to PD, including embryonic pluripotential stem cells, mesenchymal (MSCs) and induced pluripotent SCs (iPSCs). MSCs have several advantages over other counterparts. They are easily accessible which can be obtained from various tissues such as bone marrow, adipose tissue, peripheral blood, etc. with avoiding ethical problems. Therefore, MSCs is attractive clinically because there are no related ethical and immunological concerns . Further studies are needed to answer some crucial questions about the different issues in SC therapy. Accordingly, SC-based therapy for PD also needed more complementary evaluation in both basic and clinical study areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Goodarzi
- MSc, Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamid Reza Aghayan
- MD, PhD, Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute & Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Bagher Larijani
- MD, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center , Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- PhD, Hematology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ahmad-Reza Dehpour
- PhD, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehrnaz Sahebjam
- BSc, Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Firoozeh Ghaderi
- BSc, Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Babak Arjmand
- MD, PhD, GMP-Compliant Stem Cell Facility, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute & Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Shariati Hospital, North Kargar, Tehran, Iran.
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44
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Abstract
Fractures are the most common large-organ, traumatic injuries to humans. The repair of bone fractures is a postnatal regenerative process that recapitulates many of the ontological events of embryonic skeletal development. Although fracture repair usually restores the damaged skeletal organ to its pre-injury cellular composition, structure and biomechanical function, about 10% of fractures will not heal normally. This article reviews the developmental progression of fracture healing at the tissue, cellular and molecular levels. Innate and adaptive immune processes are discussed as a component of the injury response, as are environmental factors, such as the extent of injury to the bone and surrounding tissue, fixation and the contribution of vascular tissues. We also present strategies for fracture treatment that have been tested in animal models and in clinical trials or case series. The biophysical and biological basis of the molecular actions of various therapeutic approaches, including recombinant human bone morphogenetic proteins and parathyroid hormone therapy, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Einhorn
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston University Medical Centre, Doctor's Office Building Suite 808, 720 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Louis C Gerstenfeld
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, E243, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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45
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Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells (ASC): Their Efficacy in Clinical Applications. Regen Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4471-6542-2_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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46
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Glenn JD, Whartenby KA. Mesenchymal stem cells: Emerging mechanisms of immunomodulation and therapy. World J Stem Cells 2014; 6:526-539. [PMID: 25426250 PMCID: PMC4178253 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v6.i5.526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a pleiotropic population of cells that are self-renewing and capable of differentiating into canonical cells of the mesenchyme, including adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteocytes. They employ multi-faceted approaches to maintain bone marrow niche homeostasis and promote wound healing during injury. Biomedical research has long sought to exploit their pleiotropic properties as a basis for cell therapy for a variety of diseases and to facilitate hematopoietic stem cell establishment and stromal reconstruction in bone marrow transplantation. Early results demonstrated their usage as safe, and there was little host response to these cells. The discovery of their immunosuppressive functions ushered in a new interest in MSCs as a promising therapeutic tool to suppress inflammation and down-regulate pathogenic immune responses in graft-versus-host and autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, autoimmune diabetes, and rheumatoid arthritis. MSCs produce a large number of soluble and membrane-bound factors, some of which inhibit immune responses. However, the full range of MSC-mediated immune-modulation remains incompletely understood, as emerging reports also reveal that MSCs can adopt an immunogenic phenotype, stimulate immune cells, and yield seemingly contradictory results in experimental animal models of inflammatory disease. The present review describes the large body of literature that has been accumulated on the fascinating biology of MSCs and their complex effects on immune responses.
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47
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Blazquez R, Sanchez-Margallo FM, de la Rosa O, Dalemans W, Alvarez V, Tarazona R, Casado JG. Immunomodulatory Potential of Human Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived Exosomes on in vitro Stimulated T Cells. Front Immunol 2014; 5:556. [PMID: 25414703 PMCID: PMC4220146 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the recent years, it has been demonstrated that the biological activity of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is mediated through the release of paracrine factors. Many of these factors are released into exosomes, which are small membranous vesicles that participate in cell–cell communication. Exosomes from MSCs are thought to have similar functions to MSCs such as repairing and regeneration of damaged tissue, but little is known about the immunomodulatory effect of these vesicles. Based on an extensive bibliography where the immunomodulatory capacity of MSCs has been demonstrated, here we hypothesized that released exosomes from MSCs may have an immunomodulatory role on the differentiation, activation and function of different lymphocyte subsets. According to this hypothesis, in vitro experiments were performed to characterize the immunomodulatory effect of human adipose MSCs derived exosomes (exo-hASCs) on in vitro stimulated T cells. The phenotypic characterization of cytotoxic and helper T cells (activation and differentiation markers) together with functional assays (proliferation and IFN-γ production) demonstrated that exo-hASCs exerted an inhibitory effect in the differentiation and activation of T cells as well as a reduced T cell proliferation and IFN-γ release on in vitro stimulated cells. In summary, here we demonstrate that MSCs-derived exosomes are a cell-derived product that could be considered as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Blazquez
- Stem Cell Therapy Unit, Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre Jesus Uson , Cáceres , Spain
| | | | - Olga de la Rosa
- Research and Development Department, TiGenix SA, Parque Tecnológico de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | | | - Verónica Alvarez
- Stem Cell Therapy Unit, Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre Jesus Uson , Cáceres , Spain
| | - Raquel Tarazona
- Immunology Unit, Department of Physiology, University of Extremadura , Cáceres , Spain
| | - Javier G Casado
- Stem Cell Therapy Unit, Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre Jesus Uson , Cáceres , Spain
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48
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Morandi F, Pistoia V. Interactions between HLA-G and HLA-E in Physiological and Pathological Conditions. Front Immunol 2014; 5:394. [PMID: 25202308 PMCID: PMC4141331 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
HLA-G and HLA-E are immunoregulatory molecules that belong to HLA-Ib family. The role of these molecules in the control of the immune response has been extensively analyzed, both in physiological and pathological conditions. We have here summarized data present in the literature regarding the interaction of these molecules in different settings. These data suggested that HLA-G and -E co-operate in physiological conditions (i.e., establishment of an immune tolerance at maternal/fetal interface during pregnancy), whereas their role in the course of tumors or autoimmune/inflammatory diseases may be different or even opposite. Future studies aimed at investigating the interaction between HLA-G and HLA-E will help to clarify mechanism(s) underlying the regulation of immune effector cells in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Morandi
- Laboratory of Oncology, Istituto Giannina Gaslini , Genoa , Italy
| | - Vito Pistoia
- Laboratory of Oncology, Istituto Giannina Gaslini , Genoa , Italy
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49
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Mesenchymal stem cell therapy and acute graft-versus-host disease: a review. Hum Cell 2014; 27:137-50. [PMID: 24903975 PMCID: PMC4186969 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-014-0095-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are being widely studied as potential cell therapy agents due to their immunomodulatory properties, which have been established by in vitro studies and in several clinical trials. Within this context, mesenchymal stem cell therapy appears to hold substantial promise, particularly in the treatment of conditions involving autoimmune and inflammatory components. Nevertheless, many research findings are still contradictory, mostly due to difficulties in characterization of the effects of MSCs in vivo. The purpose of this review is to report the mechanisms underlying mesenchymal stem cell therapy for acute graft-versus-host disease, particularly with respect to immunomodulation, migration, and homing, as well as report clinical applications described in the literature.
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Immunomodulatory effects of mesenchymal stromal cells in solid organ transplantation. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2014; 15:731-7. [PMID: 20881495 DOI: 10.1097/mot.0b013e328340172c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) possess powerful immunomodulatory activity highlighting the potential for their clinical translation in solid organ transplantation. In this review, we summarize recent advances in understanding MSC immunomodulatory effect in vitro and in experimental transplant models and discuss topics of crucial importance for the future clinical use of MSCs as immunotherapy in solid organ transplantation. RECENT FINDINGS MSCs strongly inhibited T-cell activity in vitro and exerted similar inhibitory effects on other cells of the immune system. MSC-mediated immune suppression has been attributed mainly to the secretion of soluble factors; however, cell-contact mechanisms cannot be excluded. Available studies in animal transplant models raised variable results, but overall indicate that MSCs could be useful to modulate recipient immune cells. The timing of cell application and the origin of MSCs (autologous or allogeneic) seem to be the most crucial factors impacting the in-vivo efficacy of MSCs. SUMMARY A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the immunomodulatory effects of MSCs in vitro and in vivo is needed to define the optimal condition for the use of MSCs as immunotherapy in solid organ transplantation.
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