1
|
Koury MJ, Agarwal R, Chertow GM, Eckardt K, Fishbane S, Ganz T, Haase VH, Hanudel MR, Parfrey PS, Pergola PE, Roy‐Chaudhury P, Tumlin JA, Anders R, Farag YMK, Luo W, Minga T, Solinsky C, Vargo DL, Winkelmayer WC. Erythropoietic effects of vadadustat in patients with anemia associated with chronic kidney disease. Am J Hematol 2022; 97:1178-1188. [PMID: 35751858 PMCID: PMC9543410 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.26644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) develop anemia largely because of inappropriately low erythropoietin (EPO) production and insufficient iron available to erythroid precursors. In four phase 3, randomized, open-label, clinical trials in dialysis-dependent and non-dialysis-dependent patients with CKD and anemia, the hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor, vadadustat, was noninferior to the erythropoiesis-stimulating agent, darbepoetin alfa, in increasing and maintaining target hemoglobin concentrations. In these trials, vadadustat increased the concentrations of serum EPO, the numbers of circulating erythrocytes, and the numbers of circulating reticulocytes. Achieved hemoglobin concentrations were similar in patients treated with either vadadustat or darbepoetin alfa, but compared with patients receiving darbepoetin alfa, those receiving vadadustat had erythrocytes with increased mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin, while the red cell distribution width was decreased. Increased serum transferrin concentrations, as measured by total iron-binding capacity, combined with stable serum iron concentrations, resulted in decreased transferrin saturation in patients randomized to vadadustat compared with patients randomized to darbepoetin alfa. The decreases in transferrin saturation were associated with relatively greater declines in serum hepcidin and ferritin in patients receiving vadadustat compared with those receiving darbepoetin alfa. These results for serum transferrin saturation, hepcidin, ferritin, and erythrocyte indices were consistent with improved iron availability in the patients receiving vadadustat. Thus, overall, vadadustat had beneficial effects on three aspects of erythropoiesis in patients with anemia associated with CKD: increased endogenous EPO production, improved iron availability to erythroid cells, and increased reticulocytes in the circulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark J. Koury
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of MedicineVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Rajiv Agarwal
- Department of Medicine, Division of NephrologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | | | - Kai‐Uwe Eckardt
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive CareCharité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Steven Fishbane
- Division of Nephrology, Department of MedicineHofstra Northwell School of MedicineGreat NeckNew YorkUSA
| | - Tomas Ganz
- Department of Medicine and Pathology, David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Volker H. Haase
- Department of MedicineVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Department of Medical Cell BiologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Mark R. Hanudel
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Patrick S. Parfrey
- Department of MedicineMemorial UniversitySt John'sNewfoundland and LabradorCanada
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Wenli Luo
- Akebia Therapeutics, Inc.CambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Todd Minga
- Akebia Therapeutics, Inc.CambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Amini L, Greig J, Schmueck-Henneresse M, Volk HD, Bézie S, Reinke P, Guillonneau C, Wagner DL, Anegon I. Super-Treg: Toward a New Era of Adoptive Treg Therapy Enabled by Genetic Modifications. Front Immunol 2021; 11:611638. [PMID: 33717052 PMCID: PMC7945682 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.611638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory Tcells (Treg) are essential components of peripheral immune homeostasis. Adoptive Treg cell therapy has shown efficacy in a variety of immune-mediated diseases in preclinical studies and is now moving from phase I/IIa to larger phase II studies aiming to demonstrate efficacy. However, hurdles such as in vivo stability and efficacy remain to be addressed. Nevertheless, preclinical models have shown that Treg function and specificity can be increased by pharmacological substances or gene modifications, and even that conventional T cells can be converted to Treg potentially providing new sources of Treg and facilitating Treg cell therapy. The exponential growth in genetic engineering techniques and their application to T cells coupled to a large body of knowledge on Treg open numerous opportunities to generate Treg with "superpowers". This review summarizes the genetic engineering techniques available and their applications for the next-generation of Super-Treg with increased function, stability, redirected specificity and survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Amini
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) and Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jenny Greig
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Michael Schmueck-Henneresse
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) and Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Dieter Volk
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) and Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Séverine Bézie
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Petra Reinke
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) and Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Carole Guillonneau
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Dimitrios L. Wagner
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) and Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Ignacio Anegon
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Müller AS, Janjić K, Lilaj B, Edelmayer M, Agis H. Hypoxia-based strategies for regenerative dentistry—Views from the different dental fields. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 81:121-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
4
|
Ciarlillo D, Celeste C, Carmeliet P, Boerboom D, Theoret C. A hypoxia response element in the Vegfa promoter is required for basal Vegfa expression in skin and for optimal granulation tissue formation during wound healing in mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180586. [PMID: 28686658 PMCID: PMC5501577 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia in skin wounds is thought to contribute to healing through the induction of hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1). Although HIF-1 can regulate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A (Vegfa), whether hypoxia and HIF-1 are required to induce Vegfa expression in the context of wound healing is unknown. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated Vegfa expression and wound healing in mutant mice that lack a functional HIF-1 binding site in the Vegfa promoter. Full-thickness excisional wounds were made using a biopsy punch, left to heal by second intention, and granulation tissue isolated on a time course during healing. mRNA levels of Vegfa and its target genes platelet-derived growth factors B (Pdgfb) and stromal cell-derived factor-1 (Sdf1) were measured by RT-qPCR, and HIF-1alpha and VEGFA protein levels measured by immunoblotting. Lower levels of Vegfa, Pdgf1 and Sdf1 mRNA were found in intact skin of mutant mice relative to wild-type controls (n = 6 mice/genotype), whereas levels in granulation tissue during wound healing were unaltered. VEGFA protein levels were also lower in intact skin of the mutant versus the wild-type mice. Decreased Vegfa mRNA levels in skin of mutant mice could not be attributed to decreased HIF-1alpha protein expression, and were therefore a consequence of the loss of HIF-1 responsiveness of the Vegfa promoter. Comparative histologic analyses of healing wounds in mutant and wild-type mice (n = 8 mice/genotype) revealed significant defects in granulation tissue in the mutant mice, both in terms of quantity and capillary density, although epithelialization and healing rates were unaltered. We conclude that HIF-1 is not a major regulator of Vegfa expression during wound healing; rather, it serves to maintain basal levels of expression of Vegfa and its target genes in intact skin, which are required for optimal granulation tissue formation in response to wounding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Domenic Ciarlillo
- Département de biomédecine vétérinaire, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Christophe Celeste
- Département de biomédecine vétérinaire, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Derek Boerboom
- Département de biomédecine vétérinaire, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Christine Theoret
- Département de biomédecine vétérinaire, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang Y, Wang X, Su X, Liu T. HIF-2α affects proliferation and apoptosis of MG-63 osteosarcoma cells through MAPK signaling. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:2174-2178. [PMID: 28259908 PMCID: PMC5364827 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study explored the mechanism of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-2α in proliferation and apoptosis of the osteosarcoma cell line, MG-63. Cells were treated with small interfering RNA (siRNA) against HIF-2α (silenced group) or without siRNA (control group). Cell viability of MG-63 in the silenced and the control groups was determined by MTT assay; cell apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry; the expression of HIF-2α and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-p38 were measured by western blotting. According to MTT assay, 48 h after siRNA transfection, compared with the control group, cells in the silenced group significantly declined in quantity and the number of apoptotic cells increased significantly. The expression of HIF-2α and MAPK-p38 were significantly decreased (P<0.05). In conclusion, knockdown of HIF-2α in the osteosarcoma cell line reduced the proliferation of cancer cells and increased apoptosis. These effects likely occurred through the MAPK-p38 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiang Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Pingjin Hospital, Tianjin 300162, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- Department of Neurological Intensive Care Unit, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Xuetao Su
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Pingjin Hospital, Tianjin 300162, P.R. China
| | - Tiansheng Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Pingjin Hospital, Tianjin 300162, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lee HT, Liu SP, Lin CH, Lee SW, Hsu CY, Sytwu HK, Hsieh CH, Shyu WC. A Crucial Role of CXCL14 for Promoting Regulatory T Cells Activation in Stroke. Theranostics 2017; 7:855-875. [PMID: 28382159 PMCID: PMC5381249 DOI: 10.7150/thno.17558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory processes have a detrimental role in the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke. However, little is known about the endogenous anti-inflammatory mechanisms in ischemic brain. Here, we identify CXCL14 as a critical mediator of these mechanisms. CXCL14 levels were upregulated in the ischemic brains of humans and rodents. Moreover, hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) drives hypoxia- or cerebral ischemia (CI)-dependent CXCL14 expression via directly binding to the CXCL14 promoter. Depletion of CXCL14 inhibited the accumulation of immature dendritic cells (iDC) or regulatory T cells (Treg) and increased the infarct volume, whereas the supplementation of CXCL14 had the opposite effects. CXCL14 promoted the adhesion, migration, and homing of circulating CD11c+ iDC to the ischemic tissue via the upregulation of the cellular prion protein (PrPC), PECAM-1, and MMPs. The accumulation of Treg in ischemic areas of the brain was mediated through a cooperative effect of CXCL14 and iDC-secreted IL-2-induced Treg differentiation. Interestingly, CXCL14 largely promoted IL-2-induced Treg differentiation. These findings indicate that CXCL14 is a critical immunomodulator involved in the stroke-induced inflammatory reaction. Passive CXCL14 supplementation provides a tractable path for clinical translation in the improvement of stroke-induced neuroinflammation.
Collapse
|
7
|
Su J, Li Z, Cui S, Ji L, Geng H, Chai K, Ma X, Bai Z, Yang Y, Wuren T, Ge RL, Rondina MT. The Local HIF-2α/EPO Pathway in the Bone Marrow is Associated with Excessive Erythrocytosis and the Increase in Bone Marrow Microvessel Density in Chronic Mountain Sickness. High Alt Med Biol 2015; 16:318-30. [PMID: 26625252 DOI: 10.1089/ham.2015.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Chronic mountain sickness (CMS) is characterized by excessive erythrocytosis, and angiogenesis may be involved in the pathogenesis of this disease. The bone marrow niche is the primary site of erythropoiesis and angiogenesis. This study was aimed at investigating the associations of the levels of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), erythropoietin (EPO), and erythropoietin receptor (EPOR), as well as microvessel density (MVD) in the bone marrow with CMS. RESULTS A total of 34 patients with CMS and 30 control subjects residing in areas at altitudes of 3000-4500 m were recruited for this study. The mRNA and protein expression of HIF-2α and EPO in the bone marrow cells was significantly higher in the CMS patients than in the controls. Moreover, changes in HIF-2α expression in CMS patients were significantly correlated with EPO and hemoglobin levels. In contrast, the expression of mRNA and protein expression of HIF-1α and EPOR did not differ significantly between the CMS and control patients. Increased MVD was observed in the bone marrow of the patients with CMS and it was significantly correlated with hemoglobin. CONCLUSIONS Bone marrow cells of CMS patients may show enhanced activity of the HIF-2α/EPO pathway, and EPO may regulate the erythropoiesis and vasculogenesis through autocrine or/and paracrine mechanisms in the bone marrow niche. The increased MVD in the bone marrow of CMS patients appears to be involved in the pathogenesis of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Su
- 1 Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University , Xining, China .,2 Department of Hematology, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital , Xining, China
| | - Zhanquan Li
- 1 Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University , Xining, China .,2 Department of Hematology, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital , Xining, China
| | - Sen Cui
- 1 Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University , Xining, China .,2 Department of Hematology, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital , Xining, China
| | - Linhua Ji
- 1 Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University , Xining, China .,2 Department of Hematology, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital , Xining, China
| | - Hui Geng
- 1 Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University , Xining, China .,2 Department of Hematology, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital , Xining, China
| | - Kexia Chai
- 1 Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University , Xining, China .,2 Department of Hematology, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital , Xining, China
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- 1 Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University , Xining, China .,2 Department of Hematology, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital , Xining, China
| | - Zhenzhong Bai
- 1 Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University , Xining, China
| | - Yingzhong Yang
- 1 Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University , Xining, China
| | - Tana Wuren
- 1 Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University , Xining, China
| | - Ri-Li Ge
- 1 Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University , Xining, China
| | - Matthew T Rondina
- 3 Division of General Internal Medicine and University Healthcare Thrombosis Service, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah Health Sciences Center , Salt Lake City, Utah
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Moirangthem RD, Singh S, Adsul A, Jalnapurkar S, Limaye L, Kale VP. Hypoxic niche-mediated regeneration of hematopoiesis in the engraftment window is dominantly affected by oxygen tension in the milieu. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:2423-36. [PMID: 26107807 PMCID: PMC4599134 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2015.0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) microenvironment or the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niche is normally hypoxic, which maintains HSC quiescence. Paradoxically, transplanted HSCs rapidly proliferate in this niche. Pretransplant myelosuppression results in a substantial rise in oxygen levels in the marrow microenvironment due to reduced cellularity and consequent low oxygen consumption. Therefore, it may be construed that the rapid proliferation of the engrafted HSCs in the BM niche is facilitated by the transiently elevated oxygen tension in this milieu during the “engraftment window.” To determine whether oxygen tension dominantly affects the regeneration of hematopoiesis in the BM niche, we created an “oxygen-independent hypoxic niche” by treating BM-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) with a hypoxia-mimetic compound, cobalt chloride (CoCl2) and cocultured them with BM-derived HSC-enriched cells under normoxic conditions (HSCs; CoCl2-cocultures). Cocultures with untreated BMSCs incubated under normoxia (control- cocultures) or hypoxia (1% O2; hypoxic-cocultures) were used as comparators. Biochemical analyses showed that though, both CoCl2 and hypoxia evoked comparable signals in the BMSCs, the regeneration of hematopoiesis in their respective cocultures was radically different. The CoCl2-BMSCs supported robust hematopoiesis, while the hypoxic-BMSCs exerted strong inhibition. The hematopoiesis-supportive ability of CoCl2-BMSCs was abrogated if the CoCl2-cocultures were incubated under hypoxia, demonstrating that the prevalent oxygen tension in the milieu dominantly affects the outcome of the HSC-BM niche interactions. Our data suggest that pharmacologically delaying the reestablishment of hypoxia in the BM may boost post-transplant regeneration of hematopoiesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shweta Singh
- Stem Cell Lab, National Centre for Cell Science , Pune, India
| | - Ashwini Adsul
- Stem Cell Lab, National Centre for Cell Science , Pune, India
| | | | - Lalita Limaye
- Stem Cell Lab, National Centre for Cell Science , Pune, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hu X, Zhang L, Jin J, Zhu W, Xu Y, Wu Y, Wang Y, Chen H, Webster KA, Chen H, Yu H, Wang J. Heparanase released from mesenchymal stem cells activates integrin beta1/HIF-2alpha/Flk-1 signaling and promotes endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis. Stem Cells 2015; 33:1850-1862. [PMID: 25754303 PMCID: PMC5108061 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Heparanase plays important roles in tumor angiogenesis. Our previous study demonstrated that hypoxic preconditioning (HPC) enhanced the angiogenic and therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), effects that were paralleled by enhanced heparanase expression. This study was designed to elucidate the role of heparanase in the improved therapeutic properties of HPC-MSCs and to explore underlying mechanisms using an ischemic rat hind limb model. MSCs transfected with heparanase (MSC(hpa) ) or empty vector (MSC(null) ) were delivered by intramuscular injections to ischemic hind limbs. Hind limbs that received MSC(hpa) recovered blood flow more rapidly at 7 days and acquired higher capillary density at 14 days compared with MSC(null) . Conditioned medium from MSC(hpa) increased endothelial cell migration and promoted greater tube formation relative to that from the MSC(null) groups. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2, Flk-1) and its downstream signaling pathway (p38MAPK/HSP27) were significantly increased in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) after treatment with MSC(hpa) conditioned medium. Each of these responses was decreased by cocultured with MSC(hpa-KD) conditioned medium. MSC(hpa) conditioned medium activated hypoxia-inducible factor-2α (HIF-2α) and increased in parallel the transcript level of Flk-1 as determined by chromatin immunoprecipitation-PCR and luciferase assays. Analyses of integrin expression revealed an important role for integrin β1 in the regulation of HIF-2α. All angiogenic effects of MSC(hpa) conditioned medium were abolished by knockdown of integrin β1, HIF-2α, and Flk-1 in HUVECs with selective shRNAs. These findings identify heparanse as a key regulator of angiogenesis by MSCs. We propose a novel pathway wherein heparanse sequentially activates integrin β1, HIF-2α, Flk-1, and p38MAPK/HSP27 with corresponding enhancement of angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyang Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yinchuan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingchao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Han Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Keith A. Webster
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Huiqiang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian’an Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lam GC, Sefton MV. Tuning graft- and host-derived vascularization in modular tissue constructs: a potential role of HIF1 activation. Tissue Eng Part A 2014; 21:803-16. [PMID: 25379774 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2014.0315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A better understanding of the factors governing the vascularization of engineered tissues is crucial for their advancement as therapeutic platforms. Here, we studied the effect of implant volume and cell densities on the in vivo vascularization of modular engineered tissue constructs. Sub-millimeter collagen modules containing adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (adMSC) and enveloped by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were subcutaneously implanted in severe-combined immunodeficient mice with a beige-mutation (SCID-bg) mice. Implant volume and cell density was varied relative to a base case, defined as a 0.01 mL implant containing 1.5×10(7) adMSC/mL and 3.9×10(6) HUVEC/mL. At 7 and 14 days post-transplantation, the constructs were harvested for immunohistochemical analysis of total (CD31(+)) and graft-derived (UEA1(+)) vessel formation, hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1α) expression, infiltration of host-derived leukocytes (CD45), and macrophages (F4/80). Implant volume and cell density affected the relative contributions of host- versus graft-derived vascularization, highlighting that different mechanisms underlie the two processes. Graft-derived vessel formation was most rapid and robust in implants with high HIF1α expression, namely large volume implants and implants with high adMSC and HUVEC density (p<0.01 compared to base case at day 7). Many HIF1α(+) cells were vessel-lining HUVEC, suggesting that HIF1 activation may be key to vessel assembly in the graft. Host vessel ingrowth, however, dominated the vascularization of small volume implants (of high and low adMSC density alike), which showed low HIF1α expression at day 7. Host vessels were sustained to day 14 when adMSC density alone was increased, presumably due to increased paracrine secretions. This study points to a potential role of HIF1 activation in the vascularization of tissue constructs, which may be harnessed to engineer robust vessels for therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle C Lam
- 1 Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Januszyk M, Sorkin M, Glotzbach JP, Vial IN, Maan ZN, Rennert RC, Duscher D, Thangarajah H, Longaker MT, Butte AJ, Gurtner GC. Diabetes irreversibly depletes bone marrow-derived mesenchymal progenitor cell subpopulations. Diabetes 2014; 63:3047-56. [PMID: 24740572 PMCID: PMC4429348 DOI: 10.2337/db13-1366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic vascular pathology is largely attributable to impairments in tissue recovery from hypoxia. Circulating progenitor cells have been postulated to play a role in ischemic recovery, and deficiencies in these cells have been well described in diabetic patients. Here, we examine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells (BM-MPCs) that have previously been shown to be important for new blood vessel formation and demonstrate significant deficits in the context of diabetes. Further, we determine that this dysfunction is attributable to intrinsic defects in diabetic BM-MPCs that are not correctable by restoring glucose homeostasis. We identify two transcriptionally distinct subpopulations that are selectively depleted by both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, and these subpopulations have provasculogenic expression profiles, suggesting that they are vascular progenitor cells. These results suggest that the clinically observed deficits in progenitor cells may be attributable to selective and irreversible depletion of progenitor cell subsets in patients with diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Januszyk
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA Program in Biomedical Informatics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Michael Sorkin
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Jason P Glotzbach
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Ivan N Vial
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Zeshaan N Maan
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Robert C Rennert
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Dominik Duscher
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Hariharan Thangarajah
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Michael T Longaker
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Atul J Butte
- Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Geoffrey C Gurtner
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ye Z, Ye W, Deng Y, Wang J, Zhou G, Zhang X. HIF-1-modified BMSCs improve migration and reduce neuronal apoptosis after stroke in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-013-5936-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
13
|
Hadjipanayi E, Schilling AF. Hypoxia-based strategies for angiogenic induction: the dawn of a new era for ischemia therapy and tissue regeneration. Organogenesis 2013; 9:261-72. [PMID: 23974216 PMCID: PMC3903695 DOI: 10.4161/org.25970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic angiogenesis promises to aid the healing and regeneration of tissues suffering from a compromised vascular supply. Ischaemia therapy has so far primarily focused on delivering isolated angiogenic growth factors. The limited success of these strategies in clinical trials, however, is increasingly forcing researchers to recognize the difficulties associated with trying to mimic the angiogenic process, due to its natural complexity. Instead, a new school of thought is gradually emerging, focusing on how to induce angiogenesis at its onset, by utilizing hypoxia, the primary angiogenic stimulus in physiological, as well pathological states. This shift in therapeutic approach is underlined by the realization of the importance of depressed HIF-1 α-mediated gene programming in non-healing ischemic tissues, which could explain their apparent habituation to chronic hypoxic stress and the limited capacity to generate adaptive angiogenesis. Hypoxia-based strategies, then effectively aim to override the habituated angiogenic cellular response, re-start the regenerative process and drive it to completion. Here we make a distinction between those strategies that utilize hypoxia in vitro as a preconditioning tool to optimize the angiogenic potential of tissue/cells before transplantation, vs. strategies that aim to induce hypoxia-induced signaling in vivo, directly, through pharmacological means or gene transfer. We then discuss possible future directions for the field, as it moves into the phase of clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ektoras Hadjipanayi
- Experimental Plastic Surgery; Clinic for Plastic and Hand Surgery; Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Technische Universität München; Munich, Germany; Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Hand and Burn Surgery; Bogenhausen Hospital; Munich, Germany
| | - Arndt F Schilling
- Experimental Plastic Surgery; Clinic for Plastic and Hand Surgery; Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Technische Universität München; Munich, Germany; Center for Applied New Technologies in Engineering for Regenerative Medicine (Canter); Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang WE, Yang D, Li L, Wang W, Peng Y, Chen C, Chen P, Xia X, Wang H, Jiang J, Liao Q, Li Y, Xie G, Huang H, Guo Y, Ye L, Duan DD, Chen X, Houser SR, Zeng C. Prolyl hydroxylase domain protein 2 silencing enhances the survival and paracrine function of transplanted adipose-derived stem cells in infarcted myocardium. Circ Res 2013; 113:288-300. [PMID: 23694817 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.113.300929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Transplantation of stem cells into damaged hearts has had modest success as a treatment for ischemic heart disease. One of the limitations is the poor stem cell survival in the diseased microenvironment. Prolyl hydroxylase domain protein 2 (PHD2) is a cellular oxygen sensor that regulates 2 key transcription factors involved in cell survival and inflammation: hypoxia-inducible factor and nuclear factor-κB. OBJECTIVE We studied whether and how PHD2 silencing in human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) enhances their cardioprotective effects after transplantation into infarcted hearts. METHODS AND RESULTS ADSCs were transduced with lentiviral short hairpin RNA against prolyl hydroxylase domain protein 2 (shPHD2) to silence PHD2. ADSCs, with or without shPHD2, were transplanted after myocardial infarction in mice. ADSCs reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis, fibrosis, and infarct size and improved cardiac function. shPHD2-ADSCs exerted significantly more protection. PHD2 silencing induced greater ADSC survival, which was abolished by short hairpin RNA against hypoxia-inducible factor-1α. Conditioned medium from shPHD2-ADSCs decreased cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels were significantly higher in the conditioned medium of shPHD2-ADSCs versus ADSCs, and depletion of IGF-1 attenuated the cardioprotective effects of shPHD2-ADSC-conditioned medium. Nuclear factor-κB activation was induced by shPHD2 to induce IGF-1 secretion via binding to IGF-1 gene promoter. CONCLUSIONS PHD2 silencing promotes ADSCs survival in infarcted hearts and enhances their paracrine function to protect cardiomyocytes. The prosurvival effect of shPHD2 on ADSCs is hypoxia-inducible factor-1α dependent, and the enhanced paracrine function of shPHD2-ADSCs is associated with nuclear factor-κB-mediated IGF-1 upregulation. PHD2 silencing in stem cells may be a novel strategy for enhancing the effectiveness of stem cell therapy after myocardial infarction.
Collapse
|
15
|
Liang J, Huang W, Yu X, Ashraf A, Wary KK, Xu M, Millard RW, Ashraf M, Wang Y. Suicide gene reveals the myocardial neovascularization role of mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing CXCR4 (MSC(CXCR4)). PLoS One 2012; 7:e46158. [PMID: 23029422 PMCID: PMC3460871 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Our previous studies indicated that MSCCXCR4 improved cardiac function after myocardial infarction (MI). This study was aimed to investigate the specific role of MSCCXCR4 in neovascularization of infarcted myocardium using a suicide gene approach. Methods MSCs were transduced with either lentivirus-null vector/GFP (MSCNull as control) or vector encoding for overexpressing CXCR4/GFP. The MSC derived-endothelial cell (EC) differentiation was assessed by a tube formation assay, Dil-ac-LDL uptake, EC marker expression, and VE-cadherin promoter activity assay. Gene expression was analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR or Western blot. The suicide gene approach was under the control of VE-cadherin promoter. In vivo studies: Cell patches containing MSCNull or MSCCXCR4 were transduced with suicide gene and implanted into the myocardium of MI rat. Rats received either ganciclovir (GCV) or vehicle after cell implantation. After one month, the cardiac functional changes and neovascularization were assessed by echocardiography, histological analysis, and micro-CT imaging. Results The expression of VEGF-A and HIF-1α was significantly higher in MSCCXCR4 as compared to MSCNull under hypoxia. Additionally, MSCCXCR4 enhanced new vessel formation and EC differentiation, as well as STAT3 phosphorylation under hypoxia. STAT3 participated in the transcription of VE-cadherin in MSCCXCR4 under hypoxia, which was inhibited by WP1066 (a STAT3 inhibitor). In addition, GCV specifically induced death of ECs with suicide gene activation. In vivo studies: MSCCXCR4 implantation promoted cardiac functional restoration, reduced infarct size, improved cardiac remodeling, and enhanced neovascularization in ischemic heart tissue. New vessels derived from MSCCXCR4 were observed at the injured heart margins and communicated with native coronary arteries. However, the derived vessel networks were reduced by GCV, reversing improvement of cardiac function. Conclusion The transplanted MSCCXCR4 enhanced neovascularization after MI by boosting release of angiogenic factors and increasing the potential of endothelial differentiation.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Cadherins/genetics
- Cadherins/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation
- Endothelial Cells/cytology
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Gene Expression
- Genes, Transgenic, Suicide
- Genetic Vectors
- Hypoxia/genetics
- Hypoxia/metabolism
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/genetics
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Lentivirus/genetics
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/cytology
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/metabolism
- Myocardial Infarction/genetics
- Myocardial Infarction/metabolism
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Physiologic
- Phosphorylation
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, CXCR4/genetics
- Receptors, CXCR4/metabolism
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/genetics
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Transduction, Genetic
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/genetics
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jialiang Liang
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
First implantable device for hypoxia-mediated angiogenic induction. J Control Release 2011; 153:217-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Revised: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
17
|
|
18
|
Barzelay A, Lowenstein A, George J, Barak A. Influence of Non-Toxic Doses of Bevacizumab and Ranibizumab on Endothelial Functions and Inhibition of Angiogenesis. Curr Eye Res 2010; 35:835-41. [DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2010.489727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
19
|
Knowles HJ, Schaefer KL, Dirksen U, Athanasou NA. Hypoxia and hypoglycaemia in Ewing's sarcoma and osteosarcoma: regulation and phenotypic effects of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor. BMC Cancer 2010; 10:372. [PMID: 20637078 PMCID: PMC2918574 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-10-372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2010] [Accepted: 07/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypoxia regulates gene expression via the transcription factor HIF (Hypoxia-Inducible Factor). Little is known regarding HIF expression and function in primary bone sarcomas. We describe HIF expression and phenotypic effects of hypoxia, hypoglycaemia and HIF in Ewing's sarcoma and osteosarcoma. Methods HIF-1α and HIF-2α immunohistochemistry was performed on a Ewing's tumour tissue array. Ewing's sarcoma and osteosarcoma cell lines were assessed for HIF pathway induction by Western blot, luciferase assay and ELISA. Effects of hypoxia, hypoglycaemia and isoform-specific HIF siRNA were assessed on proliferation, apoptosis and migration. Results 17/56 Ewing's tumours were HIF-1α-positive, 15 HIF-2α-positive and 10 positive for HIF-1α and HIF-2α. Expression of HIF-1α and cleaved caspase 3 localised to necrotic areas. Hypoxia induced HIF-1α and HIF-2α in Ewing's and osteosarcoma cell lines while hypoglycaemia specifically induced HIF-2α in Ewing's. Downstream transcription was HIF-1α-dependent in Ewing's sarcoma, but regulated by both isoforms in osteosarcoma. In both cell types hypoglycaemia reduced cellular proliferation by ≥ 45%, hypoxia increased apoptosis and HIF siRNA modulated hypoxic proliferation and migration. Conclusions Co-localisation of HIF-1α and necrosis in Ewing's sarcoma suggests a role for hypoxia and/or hypoglycaemia in in vivo induction of HIF. In vitro data implicates hypoxia as the primary HIF stimulus in both Ewing's and osteosarcoma, driving effects on proliferation and apoptosis. These results provide a foundation from which to advance understanding of HIF function in the pathobiology of primary bone sarcomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen J Knowles
- Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
VE-cadherin Regulates Philadelphia Chromosome Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Sensitivity to Apoptosis. CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT 2010; 3:67-81. [PMID: 21209775 DOI: 10.1007/s12307-010-0035-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2009] [Accepted: 01/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms by which the bone marrow microenvironment regulates tumor cell survival are diverse. This study describes the novel observation that in addition to Philadelphia chromosome positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cell lines, primary patient cells also express Hypoxia Inducible Factor-2α (HIF-2α) and Vascular Endothelial Cadherin (VE-cadherin), which are regulated by Abl kinase. Tumor expression of the classical endothelial protein, VE-cadherin, has been associated with aggressive phenotype and poor prognosis in other models, but has not been investigated in hematopoietic malignancies. Targeted knockdown of VE-cadherin rendered Ph+ ALL cells more susceptible to chemotherapy, even in the presence of bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) derived survival cues. Pre-treatment of Ph+ ALL cells with ADH100191, a VE-cadherin antagonist, resulted in increased apoptosis during in vitro chemotherapy exposure. Consistent with a role for VE-cadherin in modulation of leukemia cell viability, lentiviral-mediated expression of VE-cadherin in Ph- ALL cells resulted in increased resistance to treatment-induced apoptosis. These observations suggest a novel role for VE-cadherin in modulation of chemoresistance in Ph+ ALL.
Collapse
|
21
|
Barzilay R, Melamed E, Offen D. Introducing transcription factors to multipotent mesenchymal stem cells: making transdifferentiation possible. Stem Cells 2010; 27:2509-15. [PMID: 19591229 DOI: 10.1002/stem.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a promising autologous source for regenerative medicine. Because MSCs can be isolated from adult tissues, they represent an attractive cell source for autologous transplantation. A straightforward therapeutic strategy in the field of stem cell-based regenerative medicine is the transplantation of functional differentiated cells as cell replacement for the lost or defective cells affected by disease. However, this strategy requires the capacity to regulate stem cell differentiation toward the desired cell fate. This therapeutic approach assumes the capability to direct MSC differentiation toward diverse cell fates, including those outside the mesenchymal lineage, a process termed transdifferentiation. The capacity of MSCs to undergo functional transdifferentiation has been questioned over the years. Nonetheless, recent studies support that genetic manipulation can serve to promote transdifferentiation. Specifically, forced expression of certain transcription factors can lead to reprogramming and alter cell fate. Using such a method, fully differentiated lymphocytes have been reprogrammed to become macrophages and, remarkably, somatic cells have been reprogrammed to become embryonic stem-like cells. In this review, we discuss the past and current research aimed at transdifferentiating MSCs, a process with applications that could revolutionize regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Barzilay
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Felsenstein Medical Research Center and Department of Neurology, Rabin Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Sackler School of Medicine, Petah-Tikva, Israel
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Shmilovich H, Ben-Shoshan J, Tal R, Afek A, Barshack I, Maysel-Auslander S, Harats D, Keren G, George J. B-type natriuretic peptide enhances vasculogenesis by promoting number and functional properties of early endothelial progenitor cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2009; 15:2741-9. [PMID: 19275472 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2008.0414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) acts as a potent vasculogenic agent by enhancing the number, proliferation, adhesion, and migration of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). BACKGROUND BNP is a neurohormonal peptide that predicts outcome and used for treatment in chronic heart failure patients. It has been shown to promote angiogenesis in experimental animals. EPCs have been demonstrated to contribute to postnatal angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. METHODS The number of EPC colony forming units (CFU) and levels of N-terminal ProBNP were assayed in patients with severe, yet controlled, New York Heart Association (NYHA) II-IV heart failure. The in vitro effects of BNP on early EPC-CFU numbers, proliferation, migration, adhesive, and vascular tube formation capacities were studied using human and murine systems. The effects of in vivo BNP administration on Sca-1/Flk-1 progenitors and on vasculogenesis in the hindlimb ischemia model were then assayed in wild-type mice. RESULTS A significant correlation was found between circulating N-terminal ProBNP levels and EPC-CFU numbers. We observed a dose-dependent effect of BNP on the numbers of CFU and proliferation capacity of human EPCs as well as on their adhesive, migratory, and tube formation properties, in vitro. Systemic BNP administration to mice led to a significant increase in bone marrow Sca-1/Flk-1 EPCs and improvement in blood flow and capillary density in the ischemic limbs of mice. CONCLUSIONS BNP promotes vessel growth by increasing the number of endothelial progenitors and enhancing their functional properties. These provasculogenic properties of BNP could account for some of its beneficial effects in chronic heart failure patients and may be harnessed for the purpose of improving collateral formation in ischemic subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haim Shmilovich
- Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
|