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Alsuliman T, Jondreville L, Baylet C, Dann MP, De Bentzmann N, Fontoura ML, Genty C, Huynh A, Ibled D, Yakoub-Agha I, Mercier L, Poirot C, Porcheron S, Tourette-Turgis C, Vernant JP, Vexiau-Robert D, Nguyen S. Sexual and Emotional Health after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: A Comprehensive Review and Guidelines from the Francophone Society of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (SFGM-TC). J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11051196. [PMID: 35268291 PMCID: PMC8911485 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11051196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A person’s sexual and emotional life is greatly impacted after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). This topic is not addressed very much by patients and caregivers. Physical, endocrine and genital chronic graft versus host disease (cGVHD)-related disorders are multiple and intertwined with psychological disorders. The Francophone Society of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (SFGM-TC) has issued recommendations for a better gynecological monitoring of female recipients after allo-HCT. A patient booklet was also offered to patients in the form of questions and answers to facilitate discussions between patients and caregivers and to improve the management of sexual and emotional life after transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamim Alsuliman
- Service d’Hématologie et Thérapie Cellulaire, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, 184 Rue de Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France;
| | - Ludovic Jondreville
- Service d’Hématologie Clinique, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, 47-83 Boulevard de l’Hôpital, CEDEX 13, 75651 Paris, France; (L.J.); (M.-P.D.); (D.I.); (J.-P.V.)
| | - Caroline Baylet
- Service des Maladies du Sang, CHU Angers, 4 Rue Larrey, 49000 Angers, France;
| | - Marie-Pierre Dann
- Service d’Hématologie Clinique, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, 47-83 Boulevard de l’Hôpital, CEDEX 13, 75651 Paris, France; (L.J.); (M.-P.D.); (D.I.); (J.-P.V.)
| | - Natacha De Bentzmann
- Service d’Hématologie Greffe, IUCT-Oncopole, 1 Avenue Irène Joliot Curie, CEDEX 9, 31059 Toulouse, France; (N.D.B.); (A.H.); (L.M.)
| | - Marie-Laure Fontoura
- Unité de Soins Intensifs Hématologie, CLCC Henri Becquerel, 1 Rue d’Amiens, 76038 Rouen, France; (M.-L.F.); (S.P.)
| | - Carole Genty
- Service d’Hématologie et de Thérapie Cellulaire, CHRU Dupuytren, 2 Avenue Martin Luther King, 87042 Limoges, France;
| | - Anne Huynh
- Service d’Hématologie Greffe, IUCT-Oncopole, 1 Avenue Irène Joliot Curie, CEDEX 9, 31059 Toulouse, France; (N.D.B.); (A.H.); (L.M.)
| | - Diane Ibled
- Service d’Hématologie Clinique, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, 47-83 Boulevard de l’Hôpital, CEDEX 13, 75651 Paris, France; (L.J.); (M.-P.D.); (D.I.); (J.-P.V.)
| | | | - Lara Mercier
- Service d’Hématologie Greffe, IUCT-Oncopole, 1 Avenue Irène Joliot Curie, CEDEX 9, 31059 Toulouse, France; (N.D.B.); (A.H.); (L.M.)
| | - Catherine Poirot
- Préservation de la Fertilité, Service d’Hématologie, Unité AJA, Hôpital Saint Louis, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France;
- Médecine Sorbonne Université, Site Pitié Salpêtrière, 91 Bd de l’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Sophie Porcheron
- Unité de Soins Intensifs Hématologie, CLCC Henri Becquerel, 1 Rue d’Amiens, 76038 Rouen, France; (M.-L.F.); (S.P.)
| | | | - Jean-Paul Vernant
- Service d’Hématologie Clinique, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, 47-83 Boulevard de l’Hôpital, CEDEX 13, 75651 Paris, France; (L.J.); (M.-P.D.); (D.I.); (J.-P.V.)
| | | | - Stéphanie Nguyen
- Service d’Hématologie Clinique, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, 47-83 Boulevard de l’Hôpital, CEDEX 13, 75651 Paris, France; (L.J.); (M.-P.D.); (D.I.); (J.-P.V.)
- Correspondence:
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Tissot S, Gérard AL, Boutry J, Dujon AM, Russel T, Siddle H, Tasiemski A, Meliani J, Hamede R, Roche B, Ujvari B, Thomas F. Transmissible Cancer Evolution: The Under-Estimated Role of Environmental Factors in the “Perfect Storm” Theory. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11020241. [PMID: 35215185 PMCID: PMC8876101 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11020241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the true prevalence of transmissible cancers is not known, these atypical malignancies are likely rare in the wild. The reasons behind this rarity are only partially understood, but the “Perfect Storm hypothesis” suggests that transmissible cancers are infrequent because a precise confluence of tumor and host traits is required for their emergence. This explanation is plausible as transmissible cancers, like all emerging pathogens, will need specific biotic and abiotic conditions to be able to not only emerge, but to spread to detectable levels. Because those conditions would be rarely met, transmissible cancers would rarely spread, and thus most of the time disappear, even though they would regularly appear. Thus, further research is needed to identify the most important factors that can facilitate or block the emergence of transmissible cancers and influence their evolution. Such investigations are particularly relevant given that human activities are increasingly encroaching into wild areas, altering ecosystems and their processes, which can influence the conditions needed for the emergence and spread of transmissible cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Tissot
- CREEC/MIVEGEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, 34394 Montpellier, France; (A.-L.G.); (J.B.); (J.M.); (B.R.); (F.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Anne-Lise Gérard
- CREEC/MIVEGEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, 34394 Montpellier, France; (A.-L.G.); (J.B.); (J.M.); (B.R.); (F.T.)
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 32020, Australia; (A.M.D.); (B.U.)
| | - Justine Boutry
- CREEC/MIVEGEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, 34394 Montpellier, France; (A.-L.G.); (J.B.); (J.M.); (B.R.); (F.T.)
| | - Antoine M. Dujon
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 32020, Australia; (A.M.D.); (B.U.)
| | - Tracey Russel
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Hannah Siddle
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK;
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Aurélie Tasiemski
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR9017-CIIL-Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, 59000 Lille, France;
| | - Jordan Meliani
- CREEC/MIVEGEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, 34394 Montpellier, France; (A.-L.G.); (J.B.); (J.M.); (B.R.); (F.T.)
| | - Rodrigo Hamede
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia;
| | - Benjamin Roche
- CREEC/MIVEGEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, 34394 Montpellier, France; (A.-L.G.); (J.B.); (J.M.); (B.R.); (F.T.)
- Departamento de Etología, Fauna Silvestre y Animales de Laboratorio, Facultad de Medicina Veterinariay Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México 01030, Mexico
| | - Beata Ujvari
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 32020, Australia; (A.M.D.); (B.U.)
| | - Frédéric Thomas
- CREEC/MIVEGEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, 34394 Montpellier, France; (A.-L.G.); (J.B.); (J.M.); (B.R.); (F.T.)
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González BJ, Creusot RJ, Sykes M, Egli D. How Safe Are Universal Pluripotent Stem Cells? Cell Stem Cell 2021; 26:307-308. [PMID: 32142661 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan J González
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and Department of Pediatrics, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Remi J Creusot
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Megan Sykes
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Dieter Egli
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and Department of Pediatrics, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Niemiec B, Gawor J, Nemec A, Clarke D, McLeod K, Tutt C, Gioso M, Steagall PV, Chandler M, Morgenegg G, Jouppi R. World Small Animal Veterinary Association Global Dental Guidelines. J Small Anim Pract 2020; 61:E36-E161. [PMID: 32715504 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dental, oral, and maxillofacial diseases are some of the most common problems in small animal veterinary practice. These conditions create significant pain as well as localized and potentially systemic infection. As such, the World Small Animal Veterinary Association (WSAVA) believes that un- and under treated oral and dental diseases pose a significant animal welfare concern. Dentistry is an area of veterinary medicine which is still widely ignored and is subject to many myths and misconceptions. Effective teaching of veterinary dentistry in the veterinary school is the key to progression in this field of veterinary medicine, and to the improvement of welfare for all our patients globally. These guidelines were developed to provide veterinarians with the information required to understand best practices for dental therapy and create realistic minimum standards of care. Using the three-tiered continuing education system of WSAVA, the guidelines make global equipment and therapeutic recommendations and highlight the anaesthetic and welfare requirements for small animal patients. This document contains information on common oral and dental pathologies, diagnostic procedures (an easily implementable and repeatable scoring system for dental health, dental radiography and radiology) and treatments (periodontal therapy, extractions). Further, there are sections on anaesthesia and pain management for dental procedures, home dental care, nutritional information, and recommendations on the role of the universities in improving veterinary dentistry. A discussion of the deleterious effects of anaesthesia free dentistry (AFD) is included, as this procedure is ineffective at best and damaging at worst. Throughout the document the negative effects of undiagnosed and/or treated dental disease on the health and well-being of our patients, and how this equates to an animal welfare issue, is discussed.
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Alsuliman T, Baylet C, Casabona A, Dann MP, De Bentzmann N, Fontoura ML, Genty C, Huynh A, Ibled D, Mercier L, Poirot C, Porcheron S, Tourette-Turgis C, Vernant JP, Vexiau-Robert D, Yakoub-Agha I, Nguyen S. [Sexual and emotional life after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant: Guidelines and patient booklet from the Francophone Society of Bone marrow Transplant and Cellular therapy (SFGM-TC)]. Bull Cancer 2020; 107:S151-S158. [PMID: 32747052 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2020.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The Francophone Society of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (SFGM-TC) organises annual workshops in an attempt to harmonise clinical practices among different francophone transplantation centres. The SFGM-TC harmonisation workshops aim at establishing practical guidelines, on the one hand, from data from the literature and international recommendations and, on the other hand, by consensus in the absence of formally proven data. The sexual and emotional life of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells transplanted (HSCT) patients is often very impacted and remains a subject relatively little addressed by patients and caregivers. This article is an update from a previous workshop and is accompanied by a patient booklet, which will be included in the post allograft follow-up workbook published by the SFGM-TC. The purpose of these two documents is to facilitate discussions between patients and caregivers on the subject and to present proposals for follow-up and tools to better manage the sexual and emotional life of allotransplanted patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamim Alsuliman
- Hôpital Saint-Antoine , AP-HP, Sorbonne université, service d'hématologie et thérapie cellulaire, 184, rue de Faubourg-Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France.
| | - Caroline Baylet
- CHU d'Angers, service des maladies du sang, 4, rue Larrey, 49000 Angers, France.
| | - Audrey Casabona
- AP-HP Sorbonne, site Pitié-Salpêtrière, service d'hématologie clinique, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris cedex 13, France.
| | - Marie-Pierre Dann
- AP-HP Sorbonne, site Pitié-Salpêtrière, service d'hématologie clinique, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris cedex 13, France.
| | - Natacha De Bentzmann
- IUCT-Oncopole, service d'hématologie greffe, 1, avenue Irène-Joliot-Curie, 31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France.
| | | | - Carole Genty
- CHRU de Dupuytren, service d'hématologie et de thérapie cellulaire, 2, avenue Martin Luther King, 87042 Limoges, France.
| | - Anne Huynh
- IUCT-Oncopole, service d'hématologie greffe, 1, avenue Irène-Joliot-Curie, 31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France.
| | - Diane Ibled
- AP-HP Sorbonne, site Pitié-Salpêtrière, service d'hématologie clinique, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris cedex 13, France.
| | - Lara Mercier
- IUCT-Oncopole, service d'hématologie greffe, 1, avenue Irène-Joliot-Curie, 31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France.
| | - Catherine Poirot
- Hôpital Saint-Louis, unité AJA, préservation de la fertilité, service d'hématologie, 1, avenue Claude-Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France.
| | - Sophie Porcheron
- CLCC Henri-Becquerel, unité de soins intensifs hématologie, 1, rue d'Amiens, 76038 Rouen cedex, France.
| | | | - Jean-Paul Vernant
- AP-HP Sorbonne, site Pitié-Salpêtrière, service d'hématologie clinique, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris cedex 13, France.
| | | | | | - Stéphanie Nguyen
- AP-HP Sorbonne, site Pitié-Salpêtrière, service d'hématologie clinique, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris cedex 13, France.
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Strategies for Genetically Engineering Hypoimmunogenic Universal Pluripotent Stem Cells. iScience 2020; 23:101162. [PMID: 32502965 PMCID: PMC7270609 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite progress in developing cell therapies, such as T cell or stem cell therapies to treat diseases, immunoincompatibility remains a major barrier to clinical application. Given the fact that a host's immune system may reject allogeneic transplanted cells, methods have been developed to genetically modify patients' primary cells. To advance beyond this time-consuming and costly approach, recent research efforts focus on generating universal pluripotent stem cells to benefit a broader spectrum of patients. In this review, we first summarize current achievements to harness immunosuppressive mechanisms in cells to reduce immunogenicity. Then, we discuss several recent studies demonstrating the feasibility of genetically modifying pluripotent stem cells to escape immune attack and summarize the methods to evaluate hypoimmunogenicity. Although challenges remain, progress to develop genetically engineered universal pluripotent stem cells holds the promise of expediting their use in future gene and cell therapeutics and regenerative medicine.
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Hernandez R, Grudzinski JJ, Aluicio-Sarduy E, Massey CF, Pinchuk AN, Bitton AN, Patel R, Zhang R, Rao AV, Iyer G, Engle JW, Weichert JP. 177Lu-NM600 Targeted Radionuclide Therapy Extends Survival in Syngeneic Murine Models of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. J Nucl Med 2019; 61:1187-1194. [PMID: 31862799 PMCID: PMC7413241 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.119.236265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a clinically unmet need for effective treatments for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), as it remains the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer. Herein, we demonstrate a promising strategy using a tumor-targeting alkylphosphocholine (NM600) for targeted radionuclide therapy of TNBC. Methods: NM600 was radiolabeled with 86Y for PET imaging and 177Lu for targeted radionuclide therapy. 86Y-NM600 PET imaging was performed on female BALB/C mice bearing syngeneic 4T07 (nonmetastatic) and 4T1 (metastatic) TNBC tumor grafts (n = 3–5). Quantitative data derived from a PET-image region-of-interest analysis, which was corroborated by ex vivo biodistribution, were used to estimate the dosimetry of 177Lu-NM600 treatments. Weight measurement, complete blood counts, and histopathology analysis were performed to determine 177Lu-NM600 toxicity in naïve BALB/C mice administered 9.25 or 18.5 MBq. Groups of mice bearing 4T07 or 4T1 grafts (n = 5–6) received excipient or 9.25 or 18.5 MBq of 177Lu-NM600 as a single or fractionated schedule, and tumor growth and overall survival were monitored. Results: Excellent tumor targeting and rapid normal-tissue clearance of 86Y-NM600 were noted in both 4T07 and 4T1 murine models. Ex vivo biodistribution corroborated the accuracy of the PET data and validated 86Y-NM600 as a surrogate for 177Lu-NM600. 177Lu-NM600 dosimetry showed absorbed doses of 2.04 ± 0.32 and 1.68 ± 0.06 Gy/MBq to 4T07 and 4T1 tumors, respectively, which were larger than those delivered to liver (1.28 ± 0.09 Gy/MBq) and to bone marrow (0.31 ± 0.05 Gy/MBq). The 177Lu-NM600 injected activities used for treatment were well tolerated and resulted in significant tumor growth inhibition and prolonged overall survival in both tested TNBC models. A complete response was attained in 60% of treated mice bearing 4T07 grafts. Conclusion: Overall, our results suggest that 177Lu-NM600 targeted radionuclide therapy has potential for TNBC and merits further exploration in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinier Hernandez
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Joseph J Grudzinski
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | | | | | - Anatoly N Pinchuk
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Ariana N Bitton
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Ravi Patel
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; and
| | - Ray Zhang
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Aakarsha V Rao
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; and
| | - Gopal Iyer
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; and
| | - Jonathan W Engle
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Jamey P Weichert
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.,UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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Al-Wassia R, Al-Zaben F, Gamal Sehlo M, Koenig HG. Beliefs of cancer patients in Saudi Arabia. J Psychosoc Oncol 2019; 38:358-374. [PMID: 31347469 DOI: 10.1080/07347332.2019.1642284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: To examine oncology patients' beliefs about the transmissible nature of cancer or its treatments and to determine the correlates thereof.Design: Cross-sectional.Participants: Sixty-nine hospital outpatients completed the questionnaire.Methods: Beliefs about the spread of cancer, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy with physical contact, along with demographic, social, psychological, health-related characteristics were assessed by questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariate analyses identified correlations between these beliefs and patient characteristics.Findings: A percentage (5.8%) believed their cancer could spread like an infection or be transmitted through sexual or nonsexual contact and 15.9% were unsure. Even more (13.0%) believed that chemotherapy could spread through sexual or nonsexual contact and 18.8% were unsure. Likewise, many believed (10.1%) that radiation therapy could spread through sexual or nonsexual contact and 21.7% were unsure. Obsessions with contamination were most strongly associated with such beliefs (B = 0.73, SE = 0.09, p < .0001).Conclusions: Beliefs about the spread of cancer or its treatments are not uncommon in Saudi Arabia, where cultural beliefs and tradition strongly influence healthcare decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolina Al-Wassia
- Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faten Al-Zaben
- Department of Psychiatry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Gamal Sehlo
- Department of Psychiatry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Psychiatry, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Harold G Koenig
- Department of Psychiatry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, PR China
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Al-Wassia R, Al-Zaben F, Sehlo MG, Koenig HG. Religiosity and Beliefs About the Transmission of Cancer, Chemotherapy, and Radiation Through Physical Contact in Saudi Arabia. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2019; 58:221-235. [PMID: 30554303 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-018-00745-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We examined relationships between religiosity and Saudi cancer patients' beliefs about the spread of cancer, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy through close physical contact. Surveyed were 64 patients seen in university oncology clinics. Assessed were beliefs about the spread of cancer and its treatments, along with religious, demographic, social, psychological, and cancer-related characteristics. Greater religiosity was related to older age, non-Saudi nationality, less anxiety, earlier cancer stage, and greater time since initial diagnosis. Non-significant trends suggested that religious practices were associated with less, but intrinsic religious beliefs with more concern about contagiousness, although the findings were limited by low statistical power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolina Al-Wassia
- Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faten Al-Zaben
- Department of Psychiatry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Gamal Sehlo
- Department of Psychiatry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Harold G Koenig
- Department of Psychiatry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- Duke University Medical Center, Box 3400, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China.
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Kim SH, Park WS, Chung J. Tumour heterogeneity in triplet-paired metastatic tumour tissues in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: concordance analysis of target gene sequencing data. J Clin Pathol 2018; 72:152-156. [PMID: 30409839 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2018-205456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of the present study was to determine the concordant correlation in the expression of 88 target genes from triple-paired metastatic tissues in individual patients with metastatic renal carcinoma (mRCC) using a target gene sequencing (TGS) approach. METHODS Between 2002 and 2017, a total of 350 triple-paired metastatic tissue samples from 262 patients with mRCC obtained from either nephrectomy or metastasectomy were used for TGS of 88 candidate genes. After quality check, 243 tissue samples from 81 patients were finally applied to TGS. The concordance of triple-paired tissues was analysed with the 88 TGS panels using bioinformatics tools. RESULTS Among 81 patients, alterations were observed in 42 (51.9%) for any of the 88 mRCC panel genes; however, no pathogenic gene was detected in 38 (39.5%) . Concordance >95% for altered gene expression among the three tissues was reported in 12 (28.6%) patients, while concordance >95% within two tissues was reported in 30 (71.4%); concordance <50% was reported in the remaining eight patients. Considering several types of genetic alterations, including deletions, insertions, missense and nonsense mutations, and splice variants, genes most frequently detected with genetic alterations in the patients with mRCC were PTEN loss, followed by FLCN, BCR, SMARCA2, AKAP9, MLH1, MYH11, APC and TP53. CONCLUSIONS The study provides reference information on the genetic alterations at various organ sites and the multi-heterogeneity of mRCC tissues. The concordance of pathogenic gene alterations within tissues was not high, and approximately half of the patients showed no pathogenic gene alterations at all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Han Kim
- Department of Urology, Center for Prostate Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Weon Seo Park
- Department of Pathology, Center for Prostate Cancer, Hospital of National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Jinsoo Chung
- Department of Urology, Center for Prostate Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
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Dental Pulp Stem Cells - Exploration in a Novel Animal Model: the Tasmanian Devil (Sarcophilus harrisii). Stem Cell Rev Rep 2018; 14:500-509. [PMID: 29737458 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-018-9814-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) are a heterogeneous population of highly proliferative stem cells located in the soft inner pulp tissue of the tooth. Demonstrated to have an affinity for neural differentiation, DPSC have been reported to generate functional Schwann cells (SC) through in vitro differentiation. Both DPSC and SC have neural crest origins, recently a significant population of DPSC have been reported to derive from peripheral nerve-associated glia. The predisposition DPSC have towards the SC lineage is not only a very useful tool for neural regenerative therapies in the medical field, it also holds great promise in the veterinary field. Devil Facial Tumour (DFT) is a clonally transmissible cancer of SC origin responsible for devastating wild populations of the Tasmanian devil. Very few studies have investigated the healthy Tasmanian devil SC (tdSC) for comparative studies between tdSC and DFT cells, and the development and isolation of a tdSC population is yet to be undertaken. A Tasmanian devil DPSC model offers a promising new outlook for DFT research, and the link between SC and DPSC may provide a potential explanation as to how a cancerous SC initially arose in a single Tasmanian devil to then go on to infect others as a parasitic clonal cell line. In this review we explore the current role of DPSC in human regenerative medicine, provide an overview of the Tasmanian devil and the devastating effect of DFT, and highlight the promising potential DPSC techniques pose for DFT research and our current understanding of DFT.
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12
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Whilde J, Martindale MQ, Duffy DJ. Precision wildlife medicine: applications of the human-centred precision medicine revolution to species conservation. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2017; 23:1792-1805. [PMID: 27809394 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The current species extinction crisis is being exacerbated by an increased rate of emergence of epizootic disease. Human-induced factors including habitat degradation, loss of biodiversity and wildlife population reductions resulting in reduced genetic variation are accelerating disease emergence. Novel, efficient and effective approaches are required to combat these epizootic events. Here, we present the case for the application of human precision medicine approaches to wildlife medicine in order to enhance species conservation efforts. We consider how the precision medicine revolution, coupled with the advances made in genomics, may provide a powerful and feasible approach to identifying and treating wildlife diseases in a targeted, effective and streamlined manner. A number of case studies of threatened species are presented which demonstrate the applicability of precision medicine to wildlife conservation, including sea turtles, amphibians and Tasmanian devils. These examples show how species conservation could be improved by using precision medicine techniques to determine novel treatments and management strategies for the specific medical conditions hampering efforts to restore population levels. Additionally, a precision medicine approach to wildlife health has in turn the potential to provide deeper insights into human health and the possibility of stemming and alleviating the impacts of zoonotic diseases. The integration of the currently emerging Precision Medicine Initiative with the concepts of EcoHealth (aiming for sustainable health of people, animals and ecosystems through transdisciplinary action research) and One Health (recognizing the intimate connection of humans, animal and ecosystem health and addressing a wide range of risks at the animal-human-ecosystem interface through a coordinated, collaborative, interdisciplinary approach) has great potential to deliver a deeper and broader interdisciplinary-based understanding of both wildlife and human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Whilde
- The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience & Sea Turtle Hospital, University of Florida, 9505 Ocean Shore Blvd., St. Augustine, FL, 32080-8610, USA
| | - Mark Q Martindale
- The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience & Sea Turtle Hospital, University of Florida, 9505 Ocean Shore Blvd., St. Augustine, FL, 32080-8610, USA
| | - David J Duffy
- The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience & Sea Turtle Hospital, University of Florida, 9505 Ocean Shore Blvd., St. Augustine, FL, 32080-8610, USA
- Systems Biology Ireland, Science Link Building, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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13
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Doan TB, Graham JD, Clarke CL. Emerging functional roles of nuclear receptors in breast cancer. J Mol Endocrinol 2017; 58:R169-R190. [PMID: 28087820 DOI: 10.1530/jme-16-0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs) have been targets of intensive drug development for decades due to their roles as key regulators of multiple developmental, physiological and disease processes. In breast cancer, expression of the estrogen and progesterone receptor remains clinically important in predicting prognosis and determining therapeutic strategies. More recently, there is growing evidence supporting the involvement of multiple nuclear receptors other than the estrogen and progesterone receptors, in the regulation of various processes important to the initiation and progression of breast cancer. We review new insights into the mechanisms of action of NRs made possible by recent advances in genomic technologies and focus on the emerging functional roles of NRs in breast cancer biology, including their involvement in circadian regulation, metabolic reprogramming and breast cancer migration and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tram B Doan
- Westmead Institute for Medical ResearchSydney Medical School - Westmead, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - J Dinny Graham
- Westmead Institute for Medical ResearchSydney Medical School - Westmead, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christine L Clarke
- Westmead Institute for Medical ResearchSydney Medical School - Westmead, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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14
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Tetz G, Tetz V. Bacteriophage infections of microbiota can lead to leaky gut in an experimental rodent model. Gut Pathog 2016; 8:33. [PMID: 27340433 PMCID: PMC4918031 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-016-0109-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased intestinal permeability and translocation of gut microbiota from the intestinal lumen to the systemic circulation predispose patients to various diseases and may be one of the main triggers thereof. The role of microbiota in increased intestinal permeability is under intensive investigation. Here, we studied alterations in the host and increased intestinal permeability as a direct effect of treatment with a bacteriophage cocktail. After 10 days of challenge, the rats showed weight loss, messy hair, and decreased activity. Additionally, they displayed a significantly elevated lactulose:mannitol ratio and the level of circulating immune complexes. To our knowledge, this study demonstrates for the first time that increased intestinal permeability may be induced by bacteriophages that affect the microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Tetz
- Human Microbiology Institute, 303 5th Avenue, Suite 2012, New York, NY 10016 USA
| | - Victor Tetz
- Human Microbiology Institute, 303 5th Avenue, Suite 2012, New York, NY 10016 USA
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15
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Deakin JE, Kruger-Andrzejewska M. Marsupials as models for understanding the role of chromosome rearrangements in evolution and disease. Chromosoma 2016; 125:633-44. [PMID: 27255308 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-016-0603-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome rearrangements have been implicated in diseases, such as cancer, and speciation, but it remains unclear whether rearrangements are causal or merely a consequence of these processes. Two marsupial families with very different rates of karyotype evolution provide excellent models in which to study the role of chromosome rearrangements in a disease and evolutionary context. The speciose family Dasyuridae displays remarkable karyotypic conservation, with all species examined to date possessing nearly identical karyotypes. Despite the seemingly high degree of chromosome stability within this family, they appear prone to developing tumours, including transmissible devil facial tumours. In contrast, chromosome rearrangements have been frequent in the evolution of the species-rich family Macropodidae, which displays a high level of karyotypic diversity. In particular, the genus Petrogale (rock-wallabies) displays an extraordinary level of chromosome rearrangement among species. For six parapatric Petrogale species, it appears that speciation has essentially been caught in the act, providing an opportunity to determine whether chromosomal rearrangements are a cause or consequence of speciation in this system. This review highlights the reasons that these two marsupial families are excellent models for testing hypotheses for hotspots of chromosome rearrangement and deciphering the role of chromosome rearrangements in disease and speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine E Deakin
- Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, 2617, Australia.
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16
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Ujvari B, Gatenby RA, Thomas F. The evolutionary ecology of transmissible cancers. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2016; 39:293-303. [PMID: 26861618 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Transmissible tumours, while rare, present a fascinating opportunity to examine the evolutionary dynamics of cancer as both an infectious agent and an exotic, invasive species. Only three naturally-occurring transmissible cancers have been observed so far in the wild: Tasmanian devil facial tumour diseases, canine transmissible venereal tumour, and clam leukaemia. Here, we define four conditions that are necessary and sufficient for direct passage of cancer cells between either vertebrate or invertebrate hosts. Successful transmission requires environment and behaviours that facilitate transfer of tumour cells between hosts including: tumour tissue properties that promote shedding of large numbers of malignant cells, tumour cell plasticity that permits their survival during transmission and growth in a new host, and a 'permissible' host or host tissue. This rare confluence of multiple host- and tumour cell-traits both explains the rarity of tumour cell transmission and provides novel insights into the dynamics that both promote and constrain their growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Ujvari
- Deakin University, Geelong, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Waurn Ponds, Vic 3216, Australia.
| | - Robert A Gatenby
- Department of Radiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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17
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Pool M, van Dam GM, de Vries EGE. Emerging Opportunities for c-MET Visualization in the Clinic. J Nucl Med 2016; 57:663-4. [PMID: 26823563 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.115.169771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pool
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; and
| | - Gooitzen M van Dam
- Departments of Surgery & Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth G E de Vries
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; and
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18
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Woods GM, Howson LJ, Brown GK, Tovar C, Kreiss A, Corcoran LM, Lyons AB. Immunology of a Transmissible Cancer Spreading among Tasmanian Devils. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:23-9. [PMID: 26092814 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Devil facial tumor disease (DFTD) is a transmissible cancer that has killed most of the Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrissii) population. Since the first case appeared in the mid-1990s, it has spread relentlessly across the Tasmanian devil's geographic range. As Tasmanian devils only exist in Tasmania, Australia, DFTD has the potential to cause extinction of this species. The origin of DFTD was a Schwann cell from a female devil. The disease is transmitted when devils bite each other around the facial areas, a behavior synonymous with this species. Every devil that is 'infected' with DFTD dies from the cancer. Once the DFTD cells have been transmitted, they appear to develop into a cancer without inducing an immune response. The DFTD cancer cells avoid allogeneic recognition because they do not express MHC class I molecules on the cell surface. A reduced genetic diversity and the production of immunosuppressive cytokines may also contribute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M Woods
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia; and
| | - Lauren J Howson
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia
| | - Gabriella K Brown
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia
| | - Cesar Tovar
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia
| | - Alexandre Kreiss
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia
| | - Lynn M Corcoran
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - A Bruce Lyons
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia; and
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19
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Martínez-Høyer S, Solé-Sánchez S, Aguado F, Martínez-Martínez S, Serrano-Candelas E, Hernández JL, Iglesias M, Redondo JM, Casanovas O, Messeguer R, Pérez-Riba M. A novel role for an RCAN3-derived peptide as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer. Carcinogenesis 2015; 36:792-9. [PMID: 25916653 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The members of the human regulators of calcineurin (RCAN) protein family are endogenous regulators of the calcineurin (CN)-cytosolic nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFATc) pathway activation. This function is explained by the presence of a highly conserved calcipressin inhibitor of calcineurin (CIC) motif in RCAN proteins, which has been shown to compete with NFATc for the binding to CN and therefore are able to inhibit NFATc dephosphorylation and activation by CN. Very recently, emerging roles for NFATc proteins in transformation, tumor angiogenesis and metastasis have been described in different cancer cell types. In this work, we report that the overexpression of RCAN3 dramatically inhibits tumor growth and tumor angiogenesis in an orthotopic human breast cancer model. We suggest that RCAN3 exerts these effects in a CN-dependent manner, as mutation of the CIC motif in RCAN3 abolishes the tumor suppressor effect. Moreover, the expression of the EGFP-R3(178-210) peptide, spanning the CIC motif of RCAN3, is able to reproduce all the antitumor effects of RCAN3 full-length protein. Finally, we show that RCAN3 and the EGFP-R3(178-210) peptide inhibit the CN-NFATc signaling pathway and the induction of the NFATc-dependent gene cyclooxygenase-2. Our work suggests that the EGFP-R3(178-210) peptide possess potent tumor suppressor properties and therefore constitutes a novel lead for the development of potent and specific antitumoral agents. Moreover, we propose the targeting of the CN-NFATc pathway in the tumor cells constitutes an effective way to hamper tumor progression by impairing the paracrine network among tumor, endothelial and polymorphonucleated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Martínez-Høyer
- Cellular Signaling Unit, Human Molecular Genetics Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute - IDIBELL. L'Hospitalet de Llobregat 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sònia Solé-Sánchez
- Cellular Signaling Unit, Human Molecular Genetics Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute - IDIBELL. L'Hospitalet de Llobregat 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Aguado
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Martínez-Martínez
- Departamento de Biología Vascular e Inflamación, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Serrano-Candelas
- Cellular Signaling Unit, Human Molecular Genetics Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute - IDIBELL. L'Hospitalet de Llobregat 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Luis Hernández
- Biomed Division, LEITAT Technological Center, Parc Cientific de Barcelona, Edifici Hèlix, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar Iglesias
- Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Autonomous University of Barcelona 08004, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Miguel Redondo
- Departamento de Biología Vascular e Inflamación, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Oriol Casanovas
- Tumor Angiogenesis Group, Translational Research Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology - Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute - IDIBELL. L'Hospitalet de Llobregat 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Messeguer
- Biomed Division, LEITAT Technological Center, Parc Cientific de Barcelona, Edifici Hèlix, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Pérez-Riba
- Cellular Signaling Unit, Human Molecular Genetics Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute - IDIBELL. L'Hospitalet de Llobregat 08908 Barcelona, Spain,
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20
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21
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Nadal-Ginard B, Ellison GM, Torella D. The cardiac stem cell compartment is indispensable for myocardial cell homeostasis, repair and regeneration in the adult. Stem Cell Res 2014; 13:615-30. [PMID: 24838077 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2014.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Resident cardiac stem cells in embryonic, neonatal and adult mammalian heart have been identified by different membrane markers and transcription factors. However, despite a flurry of publications no consensus has been reached on the identity and actual regenerative effects of the adult cardiac stem cells. Intensive research on the adult mammalian heart's capacity for self-renewal of its muscle cell mass has led to a consensus that new cardiomyocytes (CMs) are indeed formed throughout adult mammalian life albeit at a disputed frequency. The physiological significance of this renewal, the origin of the new CMs, and the rate of adult CM turnover are still highly debated. Myocyte replacement, particularly after injury, was originally attributed to differentiation of a stem cell compartment. More recently, it has been reported that CMs are mainly replaced by the division of pre-existing post-mitotic CMs. These latter results, if confirmed, would shift the target of regenerative therapy toward boosting mature CM cell-cycle re-entry. Despite this controversy, it is documented that the adult endogenous c-kit(pos) cardiac stem cells (c-kit(pos) eCSCs) participate in adaptations to myocardial stress, and, when transplanted into the myocardium, regenerate most cardiomyocytes and microvasculature lost in an infarct. Nevertheless, the in situ myogenic potential of adult c-kit(pos) cardiac cells has been questioned. To revisit the regenerative potential of c-kit(pos) eCSCs, we have recently employed experimental protocols of severe diffuse myocardial damage in combination with several genetic murine models and cell transplantation approaches showing that eCSCs are necessary and sufficient for CM regeneration, leading to complete cellular, anatomical, and functional myocardial recovery. Here we will review the available data on adult eCSC biology and their regenerative potential placing it in the context of the different claimed mechanisms of CM replacement. These data are in agreement with and have reinforced our view that most CMs are replaced by de novo CM formation through the activation, myogenic commitment and specification of the eCSC cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Nadal-Ginard
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, King's College, London, UK; Centre for Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine, King's College, London, UK.
| | - Georgina M Ellison
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, King's College, London, UK; Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro 88100, Italy; Centre for Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine, King's College, London, UK
| | - Daniele Torella
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro 88100, Italy.
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22
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Zheng Q, Banaszak L, Fracci S, Basali D, Dunlap SM, Hursting SD, Rich JN, Hjlemeland AB, Vasanji A, Berger NA, Lathia JD, Reizes O. Leptin receptor maintains cancer stem-like properties in triple negative breast cancer cells. Endocr Relat Cancer 2013; 20:797-808. [PMID: 24025407 PMCID: PMC3843956 DOI: 10.1530/erc-13-0329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite new therapies, breast cancer continues to be the second leading cause of cancer mortality in women, a consequence of recurrence and metastasis. In recent years, a population of cancer cells has been identified, called cancer stem cells (CSCs) with self-renewal capacity, proposed to underlie tumor recurrence and metastasis. We previously showed that the adipose tissue cytokine LEPTIN, increased in obesity, promotes the survival of CSCs in vivo. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the leptin receptor (LEPR), expressed in mammary cancer cells, is necessary for maintaining CSC-like and metastatic properties. We silenced LEPR via shRNA lentivirus transduction and determined that the expression of stem cell self-renewal transcription factors NANOG, SOX2, and OCT4 (POU5F1) is inhibited. LEPR-NANOG signaling pathway is conserved between species because we can rescue NANOG expression in human LEPR-silenced cells with the mouse LepR. Using a NANOG promoter GFP reporter, we showed that LEPR is enriched in NANOG promoter active (GFP+) cells. In lineage tracing studies, we showed that the GFP+ cells divide in a symmetric and asymmetric manner. LEPR-silenced MDA-MB-231 cells exhibit a mesenchymal to epithelial transition morphologically, increased E-CADHERIN and decreased VIMENTIN expression compared with control cells. Finally, LEPR-silenced cells exhibit reduced cell proliferation, self-renewal in tumor sphere assays, and tumor outgrowth in xenotransplant studies. Given the emergence of NANOG as a pro-carcinogenic protein in multiple cancers, these studies suggest that inhibition of LEPR may be a promising therapeutic approach to inhibit NANOG and thereby neutralize CSC functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Zheng
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
| | - Lauren Banaszak
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
| | - Sarah Fracci
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
| | - Diana Basali
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
| | - Sarah M. Dunlap
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas, Austin, TX
| | - Stephen D. Hursting
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas, Austin, TX
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX
| | - Jeremy N. Rich
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Anita B. Hjlemeland
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH
| | | | | | - Justin D. Lathia
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Ofer Reizes
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH
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23
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Hicks C, Kumar R, Pannuti A, Backus K, Brown A, Monico J, Miele L. An Integrative Genomics Approach for Associating GWAS Information with Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancer Inform 2013; 12:1-20. [PMID: 23423317 PMCID: PMC3565545 DOI: 10.4137/cin.s10413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified genetic variants associated with an increased risk of developing breast cancer. However, the association of genetic variants and their associated genes with the most aggressive subset of breast cancer, the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), remains a central puzzle in molecular epidemiology. The objective of this study was to determine whether genes containing single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with an increased risk of developing breast cancer are connected to and could stratify different subtypes of TNBC. Additionally, we sought to identify molecular pathways and networks involved in TNBC. We performed integrative genomics analysis, combining information from GWAS studies involving over 400,000 cases and over 400,000 controls, with gene expression data derived from 124 breast cancer patients classified as TNBC (at the time of diagnosis) and 142 cancer-free controls. Analysis of GWAS reports produced 500 SNPs mapped to 188 genes. We identified a signature of 159 functionally related SNP-containing genes which were significantly (P <10−5) associated with and stratified TNBC. Additionally, we identified 97 genes which were functionally related to, and had similar patterns of expression profiles, SNP-containing genes. Network modeling and pathway prediction revealed multi-gene pathways including p53, NFkB, BRCA, apoptosis, DNA repair, DNA mismatch, and excision repair pathways enriched for SNPs mapped to genes significantly associated with TNBC. The results provide convincing evidence that integrating GWAS information with gene expression data provides a unified and powerful approach for biomarker discovery in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chindo Hicks
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS. ; Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
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24
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Hajj HE, Nasr R, Kfoury Y, Dassouki Z, Nasser R, Kchour G, Hermine O, de Thé H, Bazarbachi A. Animal models on HTLV-1 and related viruses: what did we learn? Front Microbiol 2012; 3:333. [PMID: 23049525 PMCID: PMC3448133 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Retroviruses are associated with a wide variety of diseases, including immunological, neurological disorders, and different forms of cancer. Among retroviruses, Oncovirinae regroup according to their genetic structure and sequence, several related viruses such as human T-cell lymphotropic viruses types 1 and 2 (HTLV-1 and HTLV-2), simian T cell lymphotropic viruses types 1 and 2 (STLV-1 and STLV-2), and bovine leukemia virus (BLV). As in many diseases, animal models provide a useful tool for the studies of pathogenesis, treatment, and prevention. In the current review, an overview on different animal models used in the study of these viruses will be provided. A specific attention will be given to the HTLV-1 virus which is the causative agent of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) but also of a number of inflammatory diseases regrouping the HTLV-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), infective dermatitis and some lung inflammatory diseases. Among these models, rabbits, monkeys but also rats provide an excellent in vivo tool for early HTLV-1 viral infection and transmission as well as the induced host immune response against the virus. But ideally, mice remain the most efficient method of studying human afflictions. Genetically altered mice including both transgenic and knockout mice, offer important models to test the role of specific viral and host genes in the development of HTLV-1-associated leukemia. The development of different strains of immunodeficient mice strains (SCID, NOD, and NOG SCID mice) provide a useful and rapid tool of humanized and xenografted mice models, to test new drugs and targeted therapy against HTLV-1-associated leukemia, to identify leukemia stem cells candidates but also to study the innate immunity mediated by the virus. All together, these animal models have revolutionized the biology of retroviruses, their manipulation of host genes and more importantly the potential ways to either prevent their infection or to treat their associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba El Hajj
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Beirut, Lebanon
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25
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Ibrahim AM, Porter BF. Pathology in practice. Transmissible venereal tumor located on the bulbus glandis and body of the penis. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2012; 241:707-9. [PMID: 22947153 DOI: 10.2460/javma.241.6.707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- AbdelAzim M Ibrahim
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt 41522
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26
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O'Neill ID. Concise review: transmissible animal tumors as models of the cancer stem-cell process. Stem Cells 2012; 29:1909-14. [PMID: 21956952 DOI: 10.1002/stem.751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Tasmanian devil facial tumor disease (DFTD) and canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT) are highly unusual cancers capable of being transmitted between animals as an allograft. The concept that these tumors represent a cancer stem-cell process has never been formally evaluated. For each, evidence of self-renewal is found in the natural history of these tumors in the wild, tumor initiation in recipient animals, and serial transplantation studies. Additional data for stem-cell-specific genes and markers in DFTD also exist. Although both tumor types manifest as undifferentiated cancers, immunocytohistochemistry supports a histiocytic phenotype for CTVT and a neural crest origin, possibly a Schwann-cell phenotype, for DFTD. In these data, differential expression of lineage markers is seen which may suggest some capacity for differentiation toward a heterogeneous variety of cell types. It is proposed that DFTD and CTVT may represent and may serve as models of the cancer stem-cell process, but formal investigation is required to clarify this. Appreciation of any such role may act as a stimulus to ongoing research in the pathology of DFTD and CTVT, including further characterization of their origin and phenotype and possible therapeutic approaches. Additionally, they may provide valuable models for future studies of their analogous human cancers, including any putative CSC component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain D O'Neill
- de l'immeuble 3, Centre d'Affaires Poincaré, 3 Rue Poincaré, Nice, France.
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27
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Abstract
Cancers evolve by a reiterative process of clonal expansion, genetic diversification and clonal selection within the adaptive landscapes of tissue ecosystems. The dynamics are complex, with highly variable patterns of genetic diversity and resulting clonal architecture. Therapeutic intervention may destroy cancer clones and erode their habitats, but it can also inadvertently provide a potent selective pressure for the expansion of resistant variants. The inherently Darwinian character of cancer is the primary reason for this therapeutic failure, but it may also hold the key to more effective control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mel Greaves
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Brookes Lawley Building, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK.
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28
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Abstract
A good account of the nature of cancer should provide not only a description of its consistent features, but also how they arise, how they are maintained, why conventional chemotherapy succeeds, and fails, and where to look for better targets. Cancer was once regarded as enigmatic and inexplicable; more recently, the "mutation theory," based on random alterations in a relatively small set of proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, has enjoyed widespread acceptance. The "mutation theory," however, is noticeable for its failure to explain the basis of differential chemosensitivity, for providing a paucity of targets, especially druggable ones, and for justifying the development of targeted therapies with, in general, disappointingly abbreviated clinical benefit. Furthermore, this theory has mistakenly predicted a widespread commonality of consistent genetic abnormalities across the range of cancers, whereas the opposite, that is, roiling macrogenomic instability, is generally the rule. In contrast, concerning what actually is consistent, that is, the suite of metabolic derangements common to virtually all, especially aggressive, cancers, the "Mutation Theory" has nothing to say. Other hypotheses merit serious consideration "aneuploidy theories" posit whole-genome instability and imbalance as causally responsible for the propagation of the tumor. Another approach, that is, "derepression atavism," suggests cancer results from the release of an ancient survival program, characterized by the emergence of remarkably primitive features such as unicellularity, fermentation, and immortality; existential goals are served by heuristic genomic instability coupled with host-to-tumor biomass interconversion, mediated by the Warburg effect, a major component of the program. Carcinogenesis is here seen as a process of de-speciation; however, genomic nonrestabilization raises issues as to where on the tree of life cancers belong, as a genuinely alternative modus vivendi. Philosophical considerations aside, genomic instability offers the prospect of subtle new therapies based on loss of information rather than gain; and the consistent, specific, and broad-spectrum perfidy of the Warburg effect highlights a supplemental target of the highest priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Vincent
- Department of Medical Oncology, London Regional Cancer Centre, London Health Sciences Centre, Ontario, Canada
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29
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Heng HHQ, Stevens JB, Bremer SW, Liu G, Abdallah BY, Ye CJ. Evolutionary mechanisms and diversity in cancer. Adv Cancer Res 2012; 112:217-53. [PMID: 21925306 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-387688-1.00008-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The recently introduced genome theory of cancer evolution provides a new framework for evolutionary studies on cancer. In particular, the established relationship between the large number of individual molecular mechanisms and the general evolutionary mechanism of cancer calls upon a change in our strategies that have been based on the characterization of common cancer gene mutations and their defined pathways. To further explain the significance of the genome theory of cancer evolution, a brief review will be presented describing the various attempts to illustrate the evolutionary mechanism of cancer, followed by further analysis of some key components of somatic cell evolution, including the diversity of biological systems, the multiple levels of information systems and control systems, the two phases (the punctuated or discontinuous phase and gradual Darwinian stepwise phase) and dynamic patterns of somatic cell evolution where genome replacement is the driving force. By linking various individual molecular mechanisms to the level of genome population diversity and tumorigenicity, the general mechanism of cancer has been identified as the evolutionary mechanism of cancer, which can be summarized by the following three steps including stress-induced genome instability, population diversity or heterogeneity, and genome-mediated macroevolution. Interestingly, the evolutionary mechanism is equal to the collective aggregate of all individual molecular mechanisms. This relationship explains why most of the known molecular mechanisms can contribute to cancer yet there is no single dominant mechanism for the majority of clinical cases. Despite the fact that each molecular mechanism can serve as a system stress and initiate the evolutionary process, to achieve cancer, multiple cycles of genome-mediated macroevolution are required and are a stochastically determined event. Finally, the potential clinical implications of the evolutionary mechanism of cancer are briefly reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry H Q Heng
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, MI, USA
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