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Nistal D, Lee A, Ruzevick J. Pediatric Orbital and Skull Base Pathology. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am 2024; 36:333-342. [PMID: 38522979 DOI: 10.1016/j.coms.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Pediatric orbital and skull base pathologies encompass a spectrum of inflammatory, sporadic, syndromic, and neoplastic processes that require a broad and complex clinical approach for both medical and surgical treatment. Given their complexity and often multicompartment involvement, a multidisciplinary approach for diagnosis, patient and family counseling, and ultimately treatment provides the best patient satisfaction and clinical outcomes. Advances in minimally invasive surgical approaches, including endoscopic endonasal and transorbital approaches allows for more targeted surgical approaches through smaller corridors beyond more classic transcranial or transracial approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Nistal
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, 1959 Northeast Pacific Street, Box 356470, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Amy Lee
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, 1959 Northeast Pacific Street, Box 356470, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Seattle Children's Hospital, 4800 Sandpoint Way NE, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Jacob Ruzevick
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, 1959 Northeast Pacific Street, Box 356470, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Seattle Children's Hospital, 4800 Sandpoint Way NE, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
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2
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Camero S, Milazzo L, Vulcano F, Ceccarelli F, Pontecorvi P, Pedini F, Rossetti A, Scialis ES, Gerini G, Cece F, Pomella S, Cassandri M, Porrazzo A, Romano E, Festuccia C, Gravina GL, Ceccarelli S, Rota R, Lotti LV, Midulla F, Angeloni A, Marchese C, Marampon F, Megiorni F. Antitumour effects of SFX-01 molecule in combination with ionizing radiation in preclinical and in vivo models of rhabdomyosarcoma. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:814. [PMID: 38977944 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12536-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite a multimodal approach including surgery, chemo- and radiotherapy, the 5-year event-free survival rate for rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), the most common soft tissue sarcoma in childhood, remains very poor for metastatic patients, mainly due to the selection and proliferation of tumour cells driving resistance mechanisms. Personalised medicine-based protocols using new drugs or targeted therapies in combination with conventional treatments have the potential to enhance the therapeutic effects, while minimizing damage to healthy tissues in a wide range of human malignancies, with several clinical trials being started. In this study, we analysed, for the first time, the antitumour activity of SFX-01, a complex of synthetic d, l-sulforaphane stabilised in alpha-cyclodextrin (Evgen Pharma plc, UK), used as single agent and in combination with irradiation, in four preclinical models of alveolar and embryonal RMS. Indeed, SFX-01 has shown promise in preclinical studies for its ability to modulate cellular pathways involved in inflammation and oxidative stress that are essential to be controlled in cancer treatment. METHODS RH30, RH4 (alveolar RMS), RD and JR1 (embryonal RMS) cell lines as well as mouse xenograft models of RMS were used to evaluate the biological and molecular effects induced by SFX-01 treatment. Flow cytometry and the modulation of key markers analysed by q-PCR and Western blot were used to assess cell proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy and production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in RMS cells exposed to SFX-01. The ability to migrate and invade was also investigated with specific assays. The possible synergistic effects between SFX-01 and ionising radiation (IR) was studied in both the in vitro and in vivo studies. Student's t-test or two-way ANOVA were used to test the statistical significance of two or more comparisons, respectively. RESULTS SFX-01 treatment exhibited cytostatic and cytotoxic effects, mediated by G2 cell cycle arrest, apoptosis induction and suppression of autophagy. Moreover, SFX-01 was able to inhibit the formation and the proliferation of 3D tumorspheres as monotherapy and in combination with IR. Finally, SFX-01, when orally administered as single agent, displayed a pattern of efficacy at reducing the growth of tumour masses in RMS xenograft mouse models; when combined with a radiotherapy regime, it was observed to act synergistically, resulting in a more positive outcome than would be expected by adding each exposure alone. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our results provide evidence for the antitumour properties of SFX-01 in preclinical models of RMS tumours, both as a standalone treatment and in combination with irradiation. These forthcoming findings are crucial for deeper investigations of SFX-01 molecular mechanisms against RMS and for setting up clinical trials in RMS patients in order to use the SFX-01/IR co-treatment as a promising therapeutic approach, particularly in the clinical management of aggressive RMS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Camero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Milazzo
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Italian National Institute of Health (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Vulcano
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Italian National Institute of Health (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Ceccarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Pontecorvi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Pedini
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Italian National Institute of Health (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Rossetti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Elena Sofia Scialis
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University "G. D'Annunzio" Chieti - Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giulia Gerini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Cece
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Pomella
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Department of Oncohematology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Cassandri
- Department of Oncohematology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Porrazzo
- Department of Oncohematology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Romano
- Department of Sense Organs, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Festuccia
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giovanni Luca Gravina
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Simona Ceccarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Rota
- Department of Oncohematology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Midulla
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Angeloni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Marchese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Marampon
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesca Megiorni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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3
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Kopp L, Garner M, Priest K. Rhabdomyosarcoma in a Rabbit. Top Companion Anim Med 2024:100892. [PMID: 38972503 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2024.100892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
A geriatric Holland Lop rabbit presented for acute lameness. A pathologic fracture of the right distal femur associated with a pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma was diagnosed, and staging radiographs showed no overt metastasis upon initial presentation. The limb was amputated and submitted for microscopic examination. Immunohistochemical evaluation revealed the neoplastic cells were positive for desmin and MyoD1, and negative for cytokeratin AE1/AE3, CD204, IBA-1, and SMA. Gross, histologic, and immunohistochemical evaluation confirmed a diagnosis of pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma. The patient died 396 days after amputation, and a post-mortem examination showed metastatic sarcoma to multiple organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan Kopp
- Priest Lake Veterinary Hospital, 2445 Morris Gentry Blvd, Antioch, TN, 37013.
| | - Michael Garner
- Northwest ZooPath, 654 West Main Street, Monroe, WA 98272
| | - Kara Priest
- Idexx Laboratories, 1 Idexx Dr, Westbrook, ME, 04092, USA
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Qi X, Zhu D, Xiong Q, Yan X, Li X. Prognostic factors of primary intrascrotal rhabdomyosarcoma in children: a population-based study. Int Urol Nephrol 2024; 56:2117-2123. [PMID: 38300450 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-024-03954-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Primary intrascrotal rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a rare and aggressive tumor. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic factors of intrascrotal RMS in children. METHODS All pediatric patients with intrascrotal RMS diagnosed between 2000 and 2018 were identified using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. To compare survival curves, the log-rank test was employed. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards model was developed to investigate the effect of each factor on overall survival (OS). A nomogram was created using the outcomes of the Cox regression model. RESULTS A total of 102 pediatric patients with intrascrotal RMS were identified. Overall survival rates for all patients were 90.6% at 3-year and 87.2% at 5-year, respectively. Survival rates differed significantly by SEER stage and surgery; however, chemotherapy and removal of lymph nodes showed no significant difference. The outcome of Cox proportional hazard regression revealed that SEER stage and surgery were important independent predictors in this model. Furthermore, we developed a nomogram for predicting OS in pediatric intrascrotal RMS based on the Cox regression model. The risk of death increased with stage in patients. Additionally, patients who underwent surgery had a lower mortality risk than those who did not. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that SEER stage and surgery are the most important indicators of OS in children with intrascrotal RMS, providing critical epidemiological information for clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhong Qi
- Department of Pathology, First People's Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, 311199, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Haizhou District, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qianwei Xiong
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangming Yan
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hangzhou Children's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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5
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Walker RL, Hornicek FJ, Duan Z. Transcriptional regulation and therapeutic potential of cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) in sarcoma. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 226:116342. [PMID: 38848777 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Sarcomas include various subtypes comprising two significant groups - soft tissue and bone sarcomas. Although the survival rate for some sarcoma subtypes has improved over time, the current methods of treatment remain efficaciously limited, as recurrent, and metastatic diseases remain a major obstacle. There is a need for better options and therapeutic strategies in treating sarcoma. Cyclin dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) is a transcriptional kinase and has emerged as a promising target for treating various cancers. The aberrant expression and activation of CDK9 have been observed in several sarcoma subtypes, including rhabdomyosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, and chordoma. Enhanced CDK9 expression has also been correlated with poorer prognosis in sarcoma patients. As a master regulator of transcription, CDK9 promotes transcription elongation by phosphorylation and releasing RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) from its promoter proximal pause. Release of RNAPII from this pause induces transcription of critical genes in the tumor cell. Overexpression and activation of CDK9 have been observed to lead to the expression of oncogenes, including MYC and MCL-1, that aid sarcoma development and progression. Inhibition of CDK9 in sarcoma has been proven to reduce these oncogenes' expression and decrease proliferation and growth in different sarcoma cells. Currently, there are several CDK9 inhibitors in preclinical and clinical investigations. This review aims to highlight the recent discovery and results on the transcriptional role and therapeutic potential of CDK9 in sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Walker
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, and the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Papanicolaou Cancer Research Building, 1550 N.W. 10(th) Avenue, Miami, FL 33136. USA
| | - Francis J Hornicek
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, and the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Papanicolaou Cancer Research Building, 1550 N.W. 10(th) Avenue, Miami, FL 33136. USA
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, and the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Papanicolaou Cancer Research Building, 1550 N.W. 10(th) Avenue, Miami, FL 33136. USA.
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6
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Wei X, Li L. Cytological diagnosis of patients with embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the cervix: case report and literature review. Diagn Pathol 2024; 19:73. [PMID: 38831464 PMCID: PMC11145883 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-024-01497-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Cervical embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma(ERMS) is a rare malignancy. To date, no cases of ERMS diagnosed by cervical cytology have been reported. In this study, we report a case of cervical ERMS identified by a liquid-based cytology test and cell blocks in a 46-year-old postmenopausal woman. We describe the cytological features of ERMS, with the aim of helping cytopathologists recognize this rare cervical tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Wei
- Department of Pathology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Pathology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China.
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7
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Abrishami M, Smith SM, Slomovic AR, Altomare F, Krema H. Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment associated with an epibulbar tumour. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2024; 59:e282-e285. [PMID: 38142713 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjo.2023.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Abrishami
- Ocular Oncology Service, Princess Margaret Cancer Center/University Health Network, Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | - Stephen M Smith
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | - Allan R Slomovic
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | - Filiberto Altomare
- Ocular Oncology Service, Princess Margaret Cancer Center/University Health Network, Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | - Hatem Krema
- Ocular Oncology Service, Princess Margaret Cancer Center/University Health Network, Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON.
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8
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Hobsteter AW, Irazoqui AP, Gonzalez A, Picco AS, Rubert AA, Buitrago CG, Lo Fiego MJ, Silbestri GF. Acetylated galactopyranosyl N-heterocyclic monocarbene complexes of Silver(I) as novel anti-proliferative agents in a rhabdomyosarcoma cell line. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 107:117756. [PMID: 38759255 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Herein, four silver(I) complexes bearing acetylated d-galactopyranoside-based N-heterocyclic carbene ligands were synthesized and fully characterized by elemental analysis, NMR, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. All complexes were obtained with an anomeric β-configuration and as monocarbene species. In this study, we investigated the biological effects of the silver(I) complexes 2a-d on the human rhabdomyosarcoma cell line, RD. Our results show concentration-dependent effects on cell density, growth inhibition, and activation of key signaling pathways such as Akt 1/2, ERK 1/2, and p38-MAPK, indicating their potential as anticancer agents. Notably, at 35.5 µM, the complexes induced mitochondrial network disruption, as observed with 2b and 2c, whereas with 2a, this disruption was accompanied by nuclear content release. These results provide insight into the utility of carbohydrate incorporated NHC complexes of silver(I) as new agents in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana W Hobsteter
- INQUISUR, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS-CONICET), 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Ana P Irazoqui
- INBIOSUR (UNS-CONICET), Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC PBA), Argentina.
| | - Agustina Gonzalez
- INBIOSUR (UNS-CONICET), Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Agustín S Picco
- INIFTA, Fac. de Cs. Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata-CONICET, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Aldo A Rubert
- INIFTA, Fac. de Cs. Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata-CONICET, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Claudia G Buitrago
- INBIOSUR (UNS-CONICET), Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Marcos J Lo Fiego
- INQUISUR, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS-CONICET), 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
| | - Gustavo F Silbestri
- INQUISUR, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS-CONICET), 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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Naqvi SAR, Hassan AJ, Janjua MRSA, Abbas N, Zahoor AF, Hassan SU, Hussain A. Radiolabeling and preclinical animal model evaluation of DTPA coupled 99mTc-labelled flutamide complex ([ 99mTc]DTPA-FLUT) as a potential radiotracer for cancer imaging. Acta Radiol 2024:2841851241249161. [PMID: 38751050 DOI: 10.1177/02841851241249161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advances in molecular imaging strategies have had an effect on precise diagnosis and treatment. Research has been intensified to develop more effective and versatile radiopharmaceuticals to uplift diagnostic efficiency and, consequently, the treatment. PURPOSE To label the flutamide (FLUT) coupled with diethylenetriamine pentaacetate (DTPA) with technetium-99 m (99mTc) and to evaluate its binding efficiency with rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) cancer cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS Radiolabeling of FLUT with 185 MBq freshly eluted 99mTcO4-1 was carried out via DTPA bifunctional chelating agent using stannous chloride reducing agent at pH 5. The labeled compound was assessed for its purity using chromatography analysis, stability in saline and blood serum, AND charge using paper electrophoresis. Normal biodistribution was studied using a mouse model, while binding affinity with RMS cancer cells was studied using an internalization assay. The in vivo accumulation of RMS cancer cells in a rabbit model was monitored using a SPECT gamma camera. RESULTS Radiolabeling reaction displayed a pharmaceutical yield of 97% and a stability assay showed >95% intact radiopharmaceutical up to 6 h in saline and blood serum. In vitro internalization studies showed the potential of [99mTc]DTPA-FLUT to enter into cancer cells. This biodistribution study showed rapid blood clearance and minimum uptake by body organs, and scintigraphy displayed the [99mTc]DTPA-FLUT uptake by lesion, induced by RMS cancer cell lines in rabbit. CONCLUSION Stable, newly developed [99mTc]DTPA-FLUT seeks its way to internalize into RMS cancer cells, indicating it could be a potential candidate for the diagnosis of RMS cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Ali Raza Naqvi
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Junaid Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | | | - Naseem Abbas
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Ameer Fawad Zahoor
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Sadaf Ul Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Hussain
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Okara, Okara, Punjab, Pakistan
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10
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Welsh A, Serala K, Prince S, Smith GS. Selective Targeting of Regulated Rhabdomyosarcoma Cells by Trinuclear Ruthenium(II)-Arene Complexes. J Med Chem 2024; 67:6673-6686. [PMID: 38569098 PMCID: PMC11056987 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The use of benzimidazole-based trinuclear ruthenium(II)-arene complexes (1-3) to selectively target the rare cancer rhabdomyosarcoma is reported. Preliminary cytotoxic evaluations of the ruthenium complexes in an eight-cancer cell line panel revealed enhanced, selective cytotoxicity toward rhabdomyosarcoma cells (RMS). The trinuclear complex 1 was noted to show superior short- and long-term cytotoxicity in RMS cell lines and enhanced selectivity relative to cisplatin. Remarkably, 1 inhibits the migration of metastatic RMS cells and maintains superior activity in a 3D multicellular spheroid model in comparison to that of the clinically used cisplatin. Mechanistic insights reveal that 1 effectively induces genomic DNA damage, initiates autophagy, and prompts the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways in RMS cells. To the best of our knowledge, 1 is the first trinuclear ruthenium(II) arene complex to selectively kill RMS cells in 2D and 3D cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athi Welsh
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
| | - Karabo Serala
- Department
of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town 7935, South Africa
| | - Sharon Prince
- Department
of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town 7935, South Africa
| | - Gregory S. Smith
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
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11
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Chanda UL, Knapp C. A rare case of metastatic paraspinal rhabdomyosarcoma presenting with proptosis in an adult patient. Orbit 2024; 43:280-282. [PMID: 36131600 DOI: 10.1080/01676830.2022.2125537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Secondary metastasis of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) to the orbit from a distant primary site is extremely rare in adults. In this article, we describe the case of a 24-year-old male presenting with proptosis, diplopia, and headaches concurrently with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of PAX3-FOXO1 positive paraspinal alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. An orbital MRI revealed a fusiform mass arising from the inferior rectrus, displaying necrotic and irregular morphology consistent with malignancy. The patient is currently undergoing intensive chemotherapy. The objective of this case report is to highlight the rarity of an extraocular metastasis of RMS in an adult patient, alongside the importance of considering metastatic disease in a patient with fulminant unilateral proptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Leo Chanda
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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12
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Möller K, Ntovas S, Hocke M, On W, Everett SM, Braden B, Jenssen C, Misselwitz B, Ge N, Sun S, Gerber M, Faiss S, Dietrich CF. Comments and illustrations of the European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine guidelines: Rare pancreatic tumors, ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound features-Malignant mesenchymal tumors. Endosc Ultrasound 2024; 13:55-64. [PMID: 38947746 PMCID: PMC11213603 DOI: 10.1097/eus.0000000000000054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Rare malignant mesenchymal pancreatic tumors are systematized and reported in this review. The focus is on the appearance on imaging. The present overview summarizes the data and shows that not every pancreatic tumor corresponds to the most common entities of ductal adenocarcinoma or neuroendocrine tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Möller
- Medical Department I/Gastroenterology, Sana Hospital Lichtenberg, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sotirios Ntovas
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael Hocke
- Medical Department II, Helios Klinikum Meiningen, Germany
| | - Wei On
- Department of Gastroenterology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Simon M. Everett
- Department of Gastroenterology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Braden
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Jenssen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Krankenhaus Märkisch-Oderland, Strausberg, Germany
- Brandenburg Institute for Clinical Ultrasound (BICUS) at Medical University Brandenburg, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Benjamin Misselwitz
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nan Ge
- Department of Endoscopy Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Siyu Sun
- Department of Endoscopy Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Michael Gerber
- Medical Department I/Gastroenterology, Sana Hospital Lichtenberg, Berlin, Germany
| | - Siegbert Faiss
- Medical Department I/Gastroenterology, Sana Hospital Lichtenberg, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph F. Dietrich
- Department Allgemeine Innere Medizin der Kliniken (DAIM) Hirslanden Beau Site, Salem und Permanence, Bern, Switzerland
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Ahmad Fahmi AK, Kamel S, Arasu K, Mianxin C, Mohan Singh AS. Silent Killer in the Nose: Two Cases of Nasal Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma in Adults. Cureus 2023; 15:e50430. [PMID: 38222161 PMCID: PMC10784867 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
We report two cases of nasal alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) in adult patients from our center who presented with local mass effect and systemic involvement. Our first patient had spontaneous unilateral epistaxis. Her blood investigation showed severe thrombocytopenia, and the bone marrow biopsy result showed bone marrow infiltration by non-hematopoietic malignant cells. Nasal endoscopy showed a mass arising medial to the left middle turbinate. Our second patient presented with right eye proptosis, associated with blurring of vision. Nasal endoscopy showed a right whitish nasal mass arising lateral to the middle turbinate. Both patients were diagnosed by immunohistochemical analysis showing ARMS, a soft tissue malignancy uncommon in adults. RMS in adults has a worse prognosis. Hence, the management is challenging. Early diagnostic workup is essential for the commencement of early treatment for better oncological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Syafiqah Kamel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Taiping Hospital, Taiping, MYS
| | - Kanivannen Arasu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Taiping Hospital, Taiping, MYS
| | - Chew Mianxin
- Department of Pathology, Taiping Hospital, Taiping, MYS
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14
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Joubert P, Mihalik M. Small bowel metastasis from embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the extremity- a case report. S AFR J SURG 2023; 61:218-220. [PMID: 38450697 DOI: 10.36303/sajs.4120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common soft tissue tumour in children and adolescents, but extremely rare in adults with comparatively worse outcomes. Metastatic disease is not uncommon, but intra-abdominal metastases are exceedingly rare. We report an unusual case of ileal metastases from an upper extremity rhabdomyosarcoma in a 17-year-old male who presented with abdominal pain during a routine follow-up visit. Laparotomy and ileocecectomy for a perforated ileal mass confirmed metastatic embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma with 1 out of 14 positive lymph node metastases. This case demonstrates that, although rare, intra-abdominal metastases should be considered when patients with a rhabdomyosarcoma present with abdominal complaints.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Joubert
- Department of Surgery, New Somerset Hospital, South Africa
| | - M Mihalik
- Department of Surgery, New Somerset Hospital, South Africa
- Department of General Surgery, Groote Schuur Hospital, South Africa
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15
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Akshintala S, Sundby RT, Bernstein D, Glod JW, Kaplan RN, Yohe ME, Gross AM, Derdak J, Lei H, Pan A, Dombi E, Palacio-Yance I, Herrera KR, Miettinen MM, Chen HX, Steinberg SM, Helman LJ, Mascarenhas L, Widemann BC, Navid F, Shern JF, Heske CM. Phase I trial of Ganitumab plus Dasatinib to Cotarget the Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Receptor and Src Family Kinase YES in Rhabdomyosarcoma. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:3329-3339. [PMID: 37398992 PMCID: PMC10529967 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-0709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Antibodies against insulin-like growth factor (IGF) type 1 receptor have shown meaningful but transient tumor responses in patients with rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). The SRC family member YES has been shown to mediate IGF type 1 receptor (IGF-1R) antibody acquired resistance, and cotargeting IGF-1R and YES resulted in sustained responses in murine RMS models. We conducted a phase I trial of the anti-IGF-1R antibody ganitumab combined with dasatinib, a multi-kinase inhibitor targeting YES, in patients with RMS (NCT03041701). PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with relapsed/refractory alveolar or embryonal RMS and measurable disease were eligible. All patients received ganitumab 18 mg/kg intravenously every 2 weeks. Dasatinib dose was 60 mg/m2/dose (max 100 mg) oral once daily [dose level (DL)1] or 60 mg/m2/dose (max 70 mg) twice daily (DL2). A 3+3 dose escalation design was used, and maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was determined on the basis of cycle 1 dose-limiting toxicities (DLT). RESULTS Thirteen eligible patients, median age 18 years (range 8-29) enrolled. Median number of prior systemic therapies was 3; all had received prior radiation. Of 11 toxicity-evaluable patients, 1/6 had a DLT at DL1 (diarrhea) and 2/5 had a DLT at DL2 (pneumonitis, hematuria) confirming DL1 as MTD. Of nine response-evaluable patients, one had a confirmed partial response for four cycles, and one had stable disease for six cycles. Genomic studies from cell-free DNA correlated with disease response. CONCLUSIONS The combination of dasatinib 60 mg/m2/dose daily and ganitumab 18 mg/kg every 2 weeks was safe and tolerable. This combination had a disease control rate of 22% at 5 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srivandana Akshintala
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - R. Taylor Sundby
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Donna Bernstein
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - John W. Glod
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Rosandra N. Kaplan
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Marielle E. Yohe
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Frederick, Maryland
| | - Andrea M. Gross
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Joanne Derdak
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Haiyan Lei
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Alexander Pan
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Eva Dombi
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Isabel Palacio-Yance
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kailey R. Herrera
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Markku M. Miettinen
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Helen X. Chen
- Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program (CTEP), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Seth M. Steinberg
- Biostatistics and Data Management, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lee J. Helman
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles (CHLA), Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- The Osteosarcoma Institute, Dallas, Texas
| | - Leo Mascarenhas
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles (CHLA), Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Brigitte C. Widemann
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Fariba Navid
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles (CHLA), Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jack F. Shern
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Christine M. Heske
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
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Lupoli BDAC, Mira BP, Miura CS, Valera ET, Faria FM, Boasquevisque GS, Valera FCP. Pediatric laryngeal embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2023; 89:101291. [PMID: 37487403 PMCID: PMC10382864 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2023.101291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bruna de Alencar Custodio Lupoli
- Universidade de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Oftalmologia, Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Divisão de Otorrinolaringologia, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Bárbara Paiva Mira
- Universidade de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Oftalmologia, Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Divisão de Otorrinolaringologia, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina Sponchiado Miura
- Universidade de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Oftalmologia, Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Divisão de Otorrinolaringologia, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Elvis Terci Valera
- Universidade de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Pediatria, Divisão de Oncologia Pediátrica, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Francesca Maia Faria
- Universidade de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Patologia, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Santos Boasquevisque
- Universidade de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Imagens Médicas, Hematologia e Oncologia, Divisão de Radiologia, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Cardoso Pereira Valera
- Universidade de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Oftalmologia, Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Divisão de Otorrinolaringologia, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Selim O, Song C, Kumar A, Phelan R, Singh A, Federman N. A review of the therapeutic potential of histone deacetylase inhibitors in rhabdomyosarcoma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1244035. [PMID: 37664028 PMCID: PMC10471891 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1244035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims to summarize the putative role of histone deacetylases (HDACs) in rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) and the effects of HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) on RMS by elucidating and highlighting known oncogenic pathways, mechanisms of resistance, and the synergistic potential of histone deacetylase inhibitors. We searched two databases (PubMed and Google Scholar) for the keywords "Rhabdomyosarcoma, histone deacetylase, histone deacetylase inhibitors." We excluded three publications that did not permit access to the full text to review and those that focus exclusively on pleiomorphic RMS in adults. Forty-seven papers met the inclusion criteria. This review highlights that HDACi induce cytotoxicity, cell-cycle arrest, and oxidative stress in RMS cells. Ultimately, HDACi have been shown to increase apoptosis and the cessation of embryonal and alveolar RMS proliferation in vivo and in vitro, both synergistically and on its own. HDACi contain potent therapeutic potential against RMS. This review discusses the significant findings and the biological mechanisms behind the anti-cancer effects of HDACi. Additionally, this review highlights important clinical trials assessing the efficacy of HDACi in sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Selim
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Clara Song
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Amy Kumar
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Rebecca Phelan
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Arun Singh
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Noah Federman
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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18
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Alenezi SAAD, Zahir M, Alenezi J. Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the prostate in a young male: A rare case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 2023; 106:108228. [PMID: 37086503 PMCID: PMC10154731 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2023.108228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS) of the prostate is a rare disease, and it has a poor prognosis. Mostly patient come with late stage thus with delayed diagnosis and worse outcomes. CASE PRESENTATION a 35-year-old Bangladeshi male presented with bladder outlet obstruction in an intermittent pattern. Patient was not complaining from any other urological symptoms, there was no hematuria or dysuria, even no constitutional symptoms, no history of weight loss, no anorexia or night rigors, also there was no history of fever. Patients have an only previous history of spinal screw without any other medical illnesses. Patient came to casualty with frequent visits without any inflammatory markers elevation even with normal biochemical labs. O/E he found to have a prostatic mass on PR examination of which patient admitted to urology department and underwent diagnostic cystoscopy which showed cauliflower mass at the prostatic urethra. Biopsies retrieved and showed embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) of the prostate under the histopathological examination. CLINICAL DISCUSSION Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS) mostly care a poor prognosis and modalities vary according to the presentation and the stage. However distant metastasis is common at the time of presentation. CONCLUSION embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the prostate is a rare and aggressive tumor with a low survival rate in adults. However, more clinical data needed for a better outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A A D Alenezi
- Urology department, Jaber Alahmad Hospital, Kuwait; University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
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19
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Rodina AD, Polyakov VG, Gorbunova TV, Merkulov OA, Kashanina AL, Odzharova AA, Stroganova AM. Distant metastasis of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma with pancreatic parameningeal localization in children: clinical case series. HEAD AND NECK TUMORS (HNT) 2023. [DOI: 10.17650/2222-1468-2022-12-4-91-101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma is a malignant neoplasm that develops from embryonic mesenchymal cells, with an annual incidence of 4.3 cases per 1,000,000 children. The prevalence of the tumor process is estimated on the basis of data from a comprehensive examination, including magnetic resonance imaging with intravenous contrast, ultrasound examination of the primary focus of regional and distant metastasis zones, computed tomography and radioisotope studies. The overall 5-year survival rate for localized rhabdomyosarcoma reaches 70 %. During the initial diagnosis, distant metastasis to the lungs, bones, and bone marrow is detected, which significantly worsens the prognosis in 20–25 % of patients. The factors of an extremely unfavorable prognosis for the course of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma are the occurrence of regional and distant metastases before the start of specific treatment, dissemination of the tumor lesion during treatment, and the presence of translocation of the 13q14 sector. Publications contain data on a high (11.2 %) prevalence of metastases of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma in the pancreas. In the presence of metastatic lesions of the pancreas, surgical treatment is effective only in combination with chemoradiotherapy. Long-term results of treatment of this cohort of children are unsatisfactory due to the high risk of recurrence and dissemination of the tumor.Aim. To study risk factors, evaluate methods and prospects for the treatment of children with metastatic pancreatic lesions in parameningeal alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. The article considers three clinical cases of such a lesion. We would like to draw the attention of pediatric oncologists and radiologists to the possible association of metastases in the pancreas in children with localization of rhabdomyosarcoma in the head and neck region, which requires improvement of examination protocols in this group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. D. Rodina
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - V. G. Polyakov
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia; Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Ministry of Health of Russia; N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - T. V. Gorbunova
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia; N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - O. A. Merkulov
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - A. L. Kashanina
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - A. A. Odzharova
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - A. M. Stroganova
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia
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20
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Kumari J, Das K, Patil A, Babaei M, Cockerell CJ, Goldust M. Clinical update on cutaneous and subcutaneous sarcomas. J Cosmet Dermatol 2023; 22:402-409. [PMID: 36074118 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous sarcomas are uncommon cancers that can have a wide range of clinical symptoms and lead to considerable cutaneous as well as systemic morbidity. AIM The objective of this review article is to discuss epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and therapy of different types of cutaneous sarcomas. MATERIAL AND METHODS Literature was screened to retrieve articles from PubMed/Medline and Google Scholar and related websites. Cross-references from the relevant articles were also considered for review. Review articles, clinical studies, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and relevant information from selected websites were included. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Cutaneous sarcomas have a negative effect on the quality of life. In their diagnosis, clinical presentation and histological evaluation are crucial. Complete surgical removal is the solution for more or less all cutaneous and subcutaneous sarcomas. The prognosis for cutaneous sarcomas is generally favorable since they tend to recur locally with distant metastases only on rare occasions. Patients having advanced disease should be treated in the setting of clinical trials if possible; choices include radiation therapy and systemic medicines. The value of innovative immunotherapy cannot be determined decisively at this time due to a paucity of relevant trials. CONCLUSION As cutaneous sarcomas are rarely diagnosed based on clinical findings, histology plays an important role in the diagnosis. They have a relatively favorable prognosis if treated properly. Patients should be treated at specialized centres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Kumari
- Silchar Medical College and Hospital, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Kinnor Das
- Department of Dermatology Venereology and Leprosy, Silchar Medical College, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Anant Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, Dr. DY Patil Medical College, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Mahsa Babaei
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Clay J Cockerell
- Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Cockerell Dermatopathology, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Mohamad Goldust
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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21
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Okal FM, Hamzah A, Boubaker A, Aref MH. Primary spinal epidural rhabdomyosarcoma: A case report. Surg Neurol Int 2023; 14:99. [PMID: 37025537 PMCID: PMC10070266 DOI: 10.25259/sni_185_2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a malignant childhood tumor that most commonly involves the skeletal muscles of the head and neck, genitourinary tract, limbs, and, rarely, the spine. Case Description A 19-year-old male presented with cauda equina symptoms. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a C7/T1 homogeneously enhancing lesion, causing pathological fracture of the T1. Similar lesions were found on T3 and S1-S2 levels. CT-guided biopsy and immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of highly malignant alveolar RMS. He underwent multi-level laminectomies with partial tumor debulking but was paraplegic postoperatively. Conclusion Spinal RMS rarely involves the soft tissues of the spine and should be surgically resected if feasible. Nevertheless, the long-term prognosis is poor regarding tumor recurrence and metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Mahmood Okal
- Department of Surgery, Neurosurgery Section, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding author: Fahad Mahmood Okal, Department of Surgery, Neurosurgery Section, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdulaziz Hamzah
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adnan Boubaker
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Surgical, King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed H. Aref
- Department of Neurosurgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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22
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Orbital Tumors-Clinical, Radiologic and Histopathologic Correlation. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12102376. [PMID: 36292065 PMCID: PMC9600631 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12102376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Orbital masses include a broad spectrum of benign and malignant entities. Often these masses are asymptomatic or show a slow growth rate, so that emergence of clinical symptoms is prolonged. In this context, cross-sectional imaging plays an elementary role in the characterization of these lesions. Aside from the characterization of the underlying entity, an evaluation of the involved compartments is possible by sufficient imaging, which also facilitates optimal treatment and surgery planning. The purpose of this review is to explore different benign and malignant orbital tumors and their typical appearance in imaging together with histopathologic findings.
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23
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Ragab N, Bauer J, Uhmann A, Marx A, Hahn H, Simon-Keller K. Tumor suppressive functions of WNT5A in rhabdomyosarcoma. Int J Oncol 2022; 61:102. [PMID: 35796028 PMCID: PMC9291248 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2022.5392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a highly aggressive soft tissue malignancy that predominantly affects children. The main subtypes are alveolar RMS (ARMS) and embryonal RMS (ERMS) and the two show an impaired muscle differentiation phenotype. One pathway involved in muscle differentiation is WNT signaling. However, the role of this pathway in RMS is far from clear. Our recent data showed that the canonical WNT/β-Catenin pathway serves a subordinate role in RMS, whereas non-canonical WNT signaling probably is more important for this tumor entity. The present study investigated the role of WNT5A, which is the major ligand of non-canonical WNT signaling, in ERMS and ARMS. Gene expression analysis showed that WNT5A was expressed in human RMS samples and that its expression is more pronounced in ERMS. When stably overexpressed in RMS cell lines, WNT5A decreased proliferation and migration of the cells as demonstrated by BrdU incorporation and Transwell migration or scratch assay, respectively. WNT5A also decreased the self-renewal capacity and the expression of stem cell markers and modulates the levels of muscle differentiation markers as shown by sphere assay and western blot analysis, respectively. Finally, overexpression of WNT5A can destabilize active β-Catenin of RMS cells. A WNT5A knockdown has opposite effects. Together, the results suggest that WNT5A has tumor suppressive functions in RMS, which accompanies downregulation of β-Catenin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Ragab
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, D‑37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Julia Bauer
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, D‑37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anja Uhmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, D‑37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Marx
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, D‑68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Heidi Hahn
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, D‑37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katja Simon-Keller
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, D‑68167 Mannheim, Germany
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24
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Harrison V, Khan SF, Damerell V, Bleloch J, ArulJothi KN, Sinkala M, Lennard K, Mulder N, Calder B, Blackburn J, Prince S. Strongylopus grayii tadpole blastema extract exerts cytotoxic effects on embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2022; 58:679-692. [PMID: 35947290 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-022-00714-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Amphibians have regenerative capacity and are resistant to developing cancer. This suggests that the developing blastema, located at the tissue regeneration site, may secrete anti-cancer factors. Here, we investigate the anti-cancer potential of tadpole tail blastema extracts (TAD) from the stream frog, Strongylopus grayii, in embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS) cells. ERMS originates in skeletal muscle tissue and is a common pediatric soft tissue sarcoma. We show using MTT assays that TAD inhibited ERMS cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner, and phase contrast/fluorescent microscopy revealed that it induced morphological markers of senescence and apoptosis. Western blotting showed that this was associated with DNA damage (γH2AX) and activation of the p38/MAPK stress signaling pathway as well as molecular markers of senescence (p16INK4a), apoptosis (cleaved PARP), and inhibition of cell cycle promoters (cyclin A, CDK2, and cyclin B1). Furthermore, proteomics followed by gene ontology analyses showed that TAD treatment inhibited known tumor promoters and proteins required for cancer cell survival. Lastly, using the LINCS drug perturbation library, we show that there is an overlap between the proteomics signature induced by TAD and common anti-cancer drugs. Taken together, this study provides novel evidence that TAD exhibits cytotoxicity in ERMS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saif F Khan
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
| | - Victoria Damerell
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
| | - Jenna Bleloch
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
| | - K N ArulJothi
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, India
| | - Musalula Sinkala
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
| | - Katie Lennard
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
| | - Nicola Mulder
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
| | - Bridget Calder
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
| | - Jonathan Blackburn
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
| | - Sharon Prince
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa.
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Itamochi H, Ariga H, Shiga K, Uesugi N, Sugai T. Primary rhabdomyosarcoma of the ethmoid sinus with orbital extension and metastasis to the pancreatic body. Clin Case Rep 2022; 10:e04149. [PMID: 36052027 PMCID: PMC9422626 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.4149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Itamochi
- Department of Clinical Oncology Iwate Medical University School of Medicine Yahaba‐Cho Japan
| | - Hisanori Ariga
- Department of Radiation Oncology Iwate Medical University School of Medicine Yahaba‐Cho Japan
| | - Kiyoto Shiga
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery Iwate Medical University School of Medicine Yahaba‐Cho Japan
| | - Noriyuki Uesugi
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology Iwate Medical University School of Medicine Yahaba‐Cho Japan
| | - Tamotsu Sugai
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology Iwate Medical University School of Medicine Yahaba‐Cho Japan
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26
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Meng Z, Lin D, Liu C, Wang G, Sun N. Vaginal tumours in childhood: a descriptive analysis from a large paediatric medical centre. Pediatr Surg Int 2022; 38:927-934. [PMID: 35325284 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-022-05085-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Malignant tumours of the vagina are very rare in children. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively analyse the clinical presentation, treatment, and outcome of vaginal tumours in children treated in a single institution. METHODS This study retrospectively analysed the clinical data of children diagnosed with vaginal malignant tumours who were admitted to the Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University from January 2007 to December 2020 and followed these patients to observe their prognoses and outcomes. RESULTS During 13 years, a total of 33 children were included in this study, including 13 children with rhabdomyosarcoma and 20 children with endodermal sinus tumours. The average age at diagnosis was 20.4 months. The main clinical manifestations were vaginal bleeding and protruding masses. Of the 13 children with vaginal rhabdomyosarcoma, 12 were treated with multidrug chemotherapy combined with conservative tumour resection, and their tumours completely resolved; only one child underwent vaginectomy and hysterectomy. Twenty children with vaginal endodermal sinus received PEB chemotherapy. Among these patients, the tumour disappeared after chemotherapy in 12 children, and the remaining nodular tumour foci in 8 children were confirmed to be necrotic tissue by pathology. CONCLUSION Our research confirms that chemotherapy combined with conservative surgical treatment is effective for treating children with vaginal malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyi Meng
- Department of Urology, Beijing Children's Hospital Affiliated With Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, No. 56 Nanlishilu Rd, West District, Beijing, China
| | - Defu Lin
- Department of Urology, Beijing Children's Hospital Affiliated With Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, No. 56 Nanlishilu Rd, West District, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Urology, Beijing Children's Hospital Affiliated With Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, No. 56 Nanlishilu Rd, West District, Beijing, China
| | - Guanan Wang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Children's Hospital Affiliated With Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, No. 56 Nanlishilu Rd, West District, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Sun
- Department of Urology, Beijing Children's Hospital Affiliated With Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, No. 56 Nanlishilu Rd, West District, Beijing, China.
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27
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A Rare Case of Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma of the Uterine Cervix. Case Rep Pathol 2022; 2022:8459566. [PMID: 35464884 PMCID: PMC9020987 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8459566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) of the uterine cervix is an exceedingly rare mesenchymal tumor that accounts for less than 1% of all cervical cancers. This highly malignant tumor primarily affects adolescents and young adults. Due to the paucity of publications on this clinical entity, there are no clearly established treatment protocols. However, a multimodal approach to treatment that involves surgical intervention combined with adjuvant chemoradiotherapy appears to improve patient outcomes. Herein, we report a case of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the uterine cervix in a 24-year-old female, who presented with an exophytic cervical mass and vaginal bleeding. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry confirmed embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the uterine cervix with extension into the lower uterine segment. This patient was successfully managed with a combination of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, a total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy.
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28
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MEK and MCL-1 sequential inhibition synergize to enhance rhabdomyosarcoma treatment. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:172. [PMID: 35393436 PMCID: PMC8989976 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-00959-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Targeted agents have emerged as promising molecules for cancer treatment, but most of them fail to achieve complete tumor regression or attain durable remissions due to tumor adaptations. We used dynamic BH3 profiling to identify targeted agents effectiveness and anti-apoptotic adaptations upon targeted treatment in rhabdomyosarcoma. We focused on studying the use of BH3 mimetics to specifically inhibit pro-survival BCL-2 family proteins, overwhelm resistance to therapy and prevent relapse. We observed that the MEK1/2 inhibitor trametinib rapidly depleted the pro-apoptotic protein NOXA, thus increasing MCL-1 availability. Indeed, we found that the MCL-1 inhibitor S63845 synergistically enhanced trametinib cytotoxicity in rhabdomyosarcoma cells in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, our findings indicate that the combination of a BH3 mimetic targeting MCL-1 with trametinib improves efficiency on rhabdomyosarcoma by blocking tumor adaptation to treatment.
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29
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Alghafees MA, Musalli Z, Alqahtani MA, Alhussin GI, Alasker A. Bladder Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma Among Children: A Descriptive Overview From Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2022; 14:e23904. [PMID: 35530877 PMCID: PMC9077630 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.23904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Although rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common type of soft-tissue sarcoma seen in the pediatric population, it is rarely located in the bladder. This study aims to provide a descriptive overview of bladder rhabdomyosarcoma among children in Saudi Arabia. Methods This retrospective cohort study included all children diagnosed with embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma from January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2017. Frequency and percentage were used to display the categorical variables and a mean and standard deviation for the continuous variables. Data were collected from the Saudi Cancer Registry (SCR). Results A total of 16 patients were detected. Most of the patients (43.8%) were toddlers (1-3 years) and males (87.5%). Most of the tumors were multifocal (100%), well-differentiated (43.75%), and localized (43.75%). The mortality rate was 12.5% with a diagnosis to death interval of 1.26 + 0.46 years. The incidence pattern of bladder rhabdomyosarcoma fluctuated across the years. The highest incidence of bladder rhabdomyosarcoma (0.17) per 1 million was observed in 2012 while the lowest incidence (0.03) per 1 million was observed in 2015. Conclusion We concluded that tumor presentation in early childhood is associated with a better prognosis. Moreover, males are predominantly affected by this tumor. Through our study, we tried to fill the knowledge gap regarding the descriptive statistics of bladder RMS in Saudi children. We believe that it would add significant value to the existing literature and help in better understanding the disease.
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30
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Chen Z, Gan J, Wei Z, Zhang M, Du Y, Xu C, Zhao H. The Emerging Role of PRMT6 in Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:841381. [PMID: 35311114 PMCID: PMC8931394 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.841381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 6 (PRMT6) is a type I PRMT that is involved in epigenetic regulation of gene expression through methylating histone or non-histone proteins, and other processes such as alternative splicing, DNA repair, cell proliferation and senescence, and cell signaling. In addition, PRMT6 also plays different roles in various cancers via influencing cell growth, migration, invasion, apoptosis, and drug resistant, which make PRMT6 an anti-tumor therapeutic target for a variety of cancers. As a result, many PRMT6 inhibitors are being utilized to explore their efficacy as potential drugs for various cancers. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the function and structure of PRMT6. At the same time, we highlight the role of PRMT6 in different cancers, including the differentiation of its promotive or inhibitory effects and the underlying mechanisms. Apart from the above, current research progress and the potential mechanisms of PRMT6 behind them were also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixian Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfeng Gan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi Wei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mo Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Du
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Congjian Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Hongbo Zhao, ; Congjian Xu,
| | - Hongbo Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Hongbo Zhao, ; Congjian Xu,
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31
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Bharathy N, Cleary MM, Kim JA, Nagamori K, Crawford KA, Wang E, Saha D, Settelmeyer TP, Purohit R, Skopelitis D, Chang K, Doran JA, Kirschbaum CW, Bharathy S, Crews DW, Randolph ME, Karnezis AN, Hudson-Price L, Dhawan J, Michalek JE, Ciulli A, Vakoc CR, Keller C. SMARCA4 biology in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. Oncogene 2022; 41:1647-1656. [PMID: 35094009 PMCID: PMC9985831 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02205-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children and phenocopies a muscle precursor that fails to undergo terminal differentiation. The alveolar subtype (ARMS) has the poorest prognosis and represents the greatest unmet medical need for RMS. Emerging evidence supports the role of epigenetic dysregulation in RMS. Here we show that SMARCA4/BRG1, an ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling enzyme of the SWI/SNF complex, is prominently expressed in primary tumors from ARMS patients and cell cultures. Our validation studies for a CRISPR screen of 400 epigenetic targets identified SMARCA4 as a unique factor for long-term (but not short-term) tumor cell survival in ARMS. A SMARCA4/SMARCA2 protein degrader (ACBI-1) demonstrated similar long-term tumor cell dependence in vitro and in vivo. These results credential SMARCA4 as a tumor cell dependency factor and a therapeutic target in ARMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendra Bharathy
- Children’s Cancer Therapy Development Institute, Beaverton, OR 97005 USA,Present Address: Gene Therapy Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, PA 19104 USA
| | - Megan M. Cleary
- Children’s Cancer Therapy Development Institute, Beaverton, OR 97005 USA
| | - Jin-Ah Kim
- Children’s Cancer Therapy Development Institute, Beaverton, OR 97005 USA
| | - Kiyo Nagamori
- Children’s Cancer Therapy Development Institute, Beaverton, OR 97005 USA
| | | | - Eric Wang
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724 USA
| | - Debarya Saha
- Children’s Cancer Therapy Development Institute, Beaverton, OR 97005 USA,CSIR-CCMB, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007 India
| | | | - Reshma Purohit
- Children’s Cancer Therapy Development Institute, Beaverton, OR 97005 USA
| | | | - Kenneth Chang
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724 USA
| | - Jessica A. Doran
- Children’s Cancer Therapy Development Institute, Beaverton, OR 97005 USA
| | - C. Ward Kirschbaum
- Children’s Cancer Therapy Development Institute, Beaverton, OR 97005 USA
| | - Suriya Bharathy
- Children’s Cancer Therapy Development Institute, Beaverton, OR 97005 USA
| | - Davis W. Crews
- Children’s Cancer Therapy Development Institute, Beaverton, OR 97005 USA
| | | | - Anthony N. Karnezis
- University of California C Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA,British Columbia Cancer Research Center, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3 Canada
| | - Lisa Hudson-Price
- Children’s Cancer Therapy Development Institute, Beaverton, OR 97005 USA
| | | | - Joel E. Michalek
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA
| | - Alessio Ciulli
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
| | | | - Charles Keller
- Children's Cancer Therapy Development Institute, Beaverton, OR, 97005, USA.
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32
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Kapoor A, Chandra M, Bhalavat R, Bakshi C, Anchan C, Bauskar P, Markana S. Pediatric extremity rhabdomyosarcoma treated with re-brachytherapy in recurrent setting. J Cancer Res Ther 2022; 18:812-816. [DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_680_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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33
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Walter SS, Fritz J. MRI of Muscular Neoplasms and Tumor-Like Lesions: A 2020 World Health Organization Classification-based Systematic Review. Semin Roentgenol 2022; 57:252-274. [DOI: 10.1053/j.ro.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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34
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Freer F, Parry M, Botchu R. Intramuscular ossifying metastasis from oesophageal carcinoma, with a pattern distinct from myositis ossificans - A case report. J Clin Orthop Trauma 2021; 24:101725. [PMID: 34926153 PMCID: PMC8649789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcot.2021.101725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle metastasis is uncommon. We present second reported case of ossifying metastasis from oesophageal carcinoma and review the literature. Our case highlights the different patterns of ossification in muscle, which is essential to make the diagnosis of myositis ossificans, a "don't touch lesion" in contrast to muscle metastasis or tumour, that needs oncological management.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Freer
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Royal Orthopedic Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - M. Parry
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Royal Orthopedic Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - R. Botchu
- Department of Musculoskeletal Imaging, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham, UK,Corresponding author. Department of Musculoskeletal Radiology, The Royal Orthopedic Hospital, Bristol Road South, Northfield, Birmingham, UK.
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35
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Ahmed AA, Habeebu S, Farooqi MS, Gamis AS, Gonzalez E, Flatt T, Sherman A, Surrey L, Arnold MA, Conces M, Koo S, Dioufa N, Barr FG, Tsokos MG. MYOD1 as a prognostic indicator in rhabdomyosarcoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2021; 68:e29085. [PMID: 33913590 PMCID: PMC9907363 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.29085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is characterized by the expression of the myogenic regulatory protein MYOD1. Histologic types include alveolar, embryonal (ERMS), and spindle cell sclerosing RMS (SRMS). SRMS harbors MYOD1 mutations in a subset of adult cases in association with poor prognosis. DESIGN/METHODS To study the level of MYOD1 protein expression and its clinical significance, we have analyzed variable numbers of pediatric (<18 years of age) and adult (age range ≥18 to 35 years) ERMS and SRMS cases for presence or absence of MYOD1 immunoreactivity in correlation with clinical outcome and MYOD1 L122R mutations. RESULTS Lack of MYOD1 immunoreactivity, identified in 23.8% of nonalveolar RMS (non-ARMS) cases, was more prevalent in SRMS (44%) than ERMS (17.2%) and was significantly associated with low overall survival and unfavorable tumor sites (p < .05). Lack of MYOD1 immunoreactivity was not associated with MYOD1 L122R mutations, which were identified in 3/37 (8%) cases including only two of 31 (6.5%) pediatric cases, one of 11 or 9% pediatric SRMS, and one case of infant ERMS. CONCLUSION These studies highlight the prognostic role of MYOD1 in non-ARMS. Lack of MYOD1 immunoreactivity is associated with poor prognosis in ERMS and SRMS. MYOD1 gene mutations are generally infrequent in pediatric RMS. Although mutations are predominant in SRMS, they may exceptionally occur in infantile ERMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atif A. Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Children’s Mercy Hospital/University of Missouri, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Sultan Habeebu
- Department of Pathology, Children’s Mercy Hospital/University of Missouri, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Midhat S. Farooqi
- Department of Pathology, Children’s Mercy Hospital/University of Missouri, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Alan S. Gamis
- Department of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Children’s Mercy Hospital/University of Missouri, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Elizabeth Gonzalez
- Department of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Children’s Mercy Hospital/University of Missouri, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Terrie Flatt
- Department of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Children’s Mercy Hospital/University of Missouri, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Ashley Sherman
- Department of Health Services and Outcomes Research, Children’s Mercy Hospital/University of Missouri, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Lea Surrey
- Department of Pathology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael A. Arnold
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA,Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Miriam Conces
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA,Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Selene Koo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA,Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Nikolina Dioufa
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Frederic G. Barr
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Maria G. Tsokos
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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36
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McHugh CI, Mokhtari TE, Cohen MS, Hartnick CJ. Unilateral Facial Paralysis. J Pediatr 2021; 235:293-295. [PMID: 33894264 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher I McHugh
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Otolaryngology and, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Tara E Mokhtari
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Otolaryngology and, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Michael S Cohen
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Otolaryngology and, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Christopher J Hartnick
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Otolaryngology and, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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37
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Kebudi R, Dural O, Bay SB, Gorgun O, Onder S, Bilgic B, Yilmaz I, Iribas A, Arndt CA, Harris AK, Field A, Schultz KAP, Hill DA. Childhood Rhabdomyosarcoma of the Female Genital Tract: Association with Pathogenic DICER1 Variation, Clinicopathological Features, and Outcomes. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2021; 34:449-453. [PMID: 33484847 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2021.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE Rhabdomyosarcomas (RMSs) of the female genital tract (FGT) have been recently shown to be associated with germline pathogenic variation in DICER1, which can underlie a tumor predisposition disorder. We sought to determine the incidence of a pathogenic variation in DICER1 in a cohort of RMSs of the FGT, as well as to evaluate the clinicopathological features and outcomes of the patients. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, INTERVENTIONS, AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of the patients diagnosed with RMS of the FGT between 1990 and 2019. Molecular genetic sequencing of the tumor to detect an RNase IIIb domain hot spot mutation in DICER1 samples was performed in 7 patients. Individuals with a missense mutation in the tumor were also screened for a loss of function germline mutation in DICER1. RESULTS Of 210 cases of pediatric RMS, 11 arose from the FGT. Molecular genetic sequencing of the tumor samples revealed a somatic missense mutation in the RNase IIIb domain of DICER1 in a total of 3 patients, 2 patients with embryonal RMS of the cervix/uterus, and 1 patient with ovarian embryonal RMS. As a result of genetic testing for the loss of function germline mutation in DICER1, a heterozygous pathogenic variant was also found in 2 of these patients. CONCLUSION Despite the limited number of patients, our findings suggest that it is important to be aware of the possible association between RMS of FGT and pathogenic germline DICER1 variants because the detection of this mutation in a patient or relatives can provide the opportunity for surveillance of related conditions that might improve long-term outcomes and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rejin Kebudi
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Oncology Institute, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ozlem Dural
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sema Buyukkapu Bay
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Oncology Institute, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Omer Gorgun
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Oncology Institute, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Semen Onder
- Department of Pathology, Istanbul University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bilge Bilgic
- Department of Pathology, Istanbul University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ismail Yilmaz
- University of Health Sciences, Department of Pathology, Sultan Abdulhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayca Iribas
- Radiation Oncology, Oncology Institute, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Carola A Arndt
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Anne K Harris
- International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma/DICER1 Registry, Minneapolis, Minnesota; International Ovarian and Testicular Stromal Tumor (OTST) Registry, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | - Kris Ann P Schultz
- International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma/DICER1 Registry, Minneapolis, Minnesota; International Ovarian and Testicular Stromal Tumor (OTST) Registry, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Children's Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - D Ashley Hill
- ResourcePath, Sterling, Virginia; Department of Pathology, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
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Protein Arginine Methyltransferase (PRMT) Inhibitors-AMI-1 and SAH Are Effective in Attenuating Rhabdomyosarcoma Growth and Proliferation in Cell Cultures. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158023. [PMID: 34360791 PMCID: PMC8348967 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a malignant soft tissue cancer that develops mostly in children and young adults. With regard to histopathology, four rhabdomyosarcoma types are distinguishable: embryonal, alveolar, pleomorphic and spindle/sclerosing. Currently, increased amounts of evidence indicate that not only gene mutations, but also epigenetic modifications may be involved in the development of RMS. Epigenomic changes regulate the chromatin architecture and affect the interaction between DNA strands, histones and chromatin binding proteins, thus, are able to control gene expression. The main aim of the study was to assess the role of protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMT) in the cellular biology of rhabdomyosarcoma. In the study we used two pan-inhibitors of PRMT, called AMI-1 and SAH, and evaluated their effects on proliferation and apoptosis of RMS cells. We observed that AMI-1 and SAH reduce the invasive phenotype of rhabdomyosarcoma cells by decreasing their proliferation rate, cell viability and ability to form cell colonies. In addition, microarray analysis revealed that these inhibitors attenuate the activity of the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and affect expression of genes related to it.
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Abstract
This is the case of a parameningeal alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) in a 13-year-old boy who presented with painless loss of vision in the right eye, but very few other physical signs. The ARMS diagnosis was confirmed with imaging and molecular characterisation of the tumour. Despite tolerating the initial chemotherapy and radiotherapy regimens, there was leptomeningeal recurrence and the patient unfortunately passed away. Parameningeal ARMS occurs in an area of the body, which leads to a wide variety of possible presenting symptoms, creating a long list of differentials that can delay treatment. This tumour subtype has a poor prognosis, and due to the location of the tumour around vital structures in the head, treatment toxicities must be taken into account. This highlights the necessity for having a strong index of suspicion for this tumour in atypical presentations in children, and the necessity for prompt treatment to prevent leptomeningeal disease from occurring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Kumar
- Medical School, University College London, London, UK
| | - Vijay Pothula
- ENT Department, Wrightington Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust, Wigan, UK
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40
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Kaouani A, Kerdoud O, Aloua R, Slimani F. Invasive infratemporal fossa rhabdomyosarcoma. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY CASE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.epsc.2020.101777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Barthère X, Guillerm S, Quero L, Le Maignan C, Torossian N, Verillaud B, Itti R, Hennequin C. Adult parameningial alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma: Case report and literature review. Cancer Radiother 2020; 24:870-875. [PMID: 33172776 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2020.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) represents the most common childhood soft tissue sarcoma, but they are rarely seen among adults. Most of the protocols for adults are adapted from pediatric protocols. Here we report a case of a 53-year-old woman diagnosed with a nasal alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, stage IV at diagnosis, treated by chemotherapy (a regimen inspired from the pediatric protocole pEpSSG RMS 2005) which led to partial response followed by chemo-radiotherapy. We performed a systematic review of adult head and neck ARMS and found 29 cases. Primary chemotherapy with different protocols (VAC, VAI or VIE) should be done followed by surgery and/or external beam radiotherapy (preferably with IMRT). EBRT seems beneficial to every ARMS with a dose around 50Gy in a conventional fractionation, eventually completed with a boost on residual tumor. The target volume must be defined on pre-chemotherapy imaging. Brachytherapy and proton therapy are under evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Barthère
- Radiation oncology department, groupe hospitalier Saint-Louis-Lariboisière, université Paris-VII, AP-HP, 75475 Paris, France
| | - Sophie Guillerm
- Radiation oncology department, groupe hospitalier Saint-Louis-Lariboisière, université Paris-VII, AP-HP, 75475 Paris, France
| | - Laurent Quero
- Radiation oncology department, groupe hospitalier Saint-Louis-Lariboisière, université Paris-VII, AP-HP, 75475 Paris, France
| | - Christine Le Maignan
- Medical oncology department, groupe hospitalier Saint-Louis-Lariboisière, université Paris-VII, AP-HP, 75475 Paris, France
| | - Nourezza Torossian
- Medical oncology department, groupe hospitalier Saint-Louis-Lariboisière, université Paris-VII, AP-HP, 75475 Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Verillaud
- Head and neck surgery, groupe hospitalier Saint-Louis-Lariboisière, université Paris-VII, AP-HP, 75475 Paris, France
| | - Ramona Itti
- Radiation oncology department, groupe hospitalier Saint-Louis-Lariboisière, université Paris-VII, AP-HP, 75475 Paris, France
| | - Christophe Hennequin
- Radiation oncology department, groupe hospitalier Saint-Louis-Lariboisière, université Paris-VII, AP-HP, 75475 Paris, France.
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Capasso M, Montella A, Tirelli M, Maiorino T, Cantalupo S, Iolascon A. Genetic Predisposition to Solid Pediatric Cancers. Front Oncol 2020; 10:590033. [PMID: 33194750 PMCID: PMC7656777 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.590033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Progresses over the past years have extensively improved our capacity to use genome-scale analyses—including high-density genotyping and exome and genome sequencing—to identify the genetic basis of pediatric tumors. In particular, exome sequencing has contributed to the evidence that about 10% of children and adolescents with tumors have germline genetic variants associated with cancer predisposition. In this review, we provide an overview of genetic variations predisposing to solid pediatric tumors (medulloblastoma, ependymoma, astrocytoma, neuroblastoma, retinoblastoma, Wilms tumor, osteosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and Ewing sarcoma) and outline the biological processes affected by the involved mutated genes. A careful description of the genetic basis underlying a large number of syndromes associated with an increased risk of pediatric cancer is also reported. We place particular emphasis on the emerging view that interactions between germline and somatic alterations are a key determinant of cancer development. We propose future research directions, which focus on the biological function of pediatric risk alleles and on the potential links between the germline genome and somatic changes. Finally, the importance of developing new molecular diagnostic tests including all the identified risk germline mutations and of considering the genetic predisposition in screening tests and novel therapies is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Capasso
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Matilde Tirelli
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy.,European School of Molecular Medicine, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Teresa Maiorino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Sueva Cantalupo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Achille Iolascon
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
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Moufarrij SM, Edwards C, McKenzie L, Adeyemi-Fowode O. Successful Pregnancy after Intervention for Spindle-Cell Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma: A Case Report. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2020; 33:613-615. [PMID: 32224250 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2020.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, the most common soft tissue malignancy in childhood, is treated with surgery and chemotherapy. Because of the young age at the time of presentation, a discussion of future reproduction is appropriate and conservative management should be considered. We present a case of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma that was successfully and conservatively managed with chemotherapy, allowing for future pregnancies. CASE A 17-year-old nulliparous woman with embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma underwent 6 cycles of chemotherapy with adriamycin, dacarbazine, cyclophosphamide, and vincristine, resulting in radiographic resolution of the disease. She was able to conceive without medical intervention and to have successful vaginal deliveries. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION The standard of care for embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma is surgery and chemotherapy; however, conservative management should be considered when preservation of fertility is a goal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Creighton Edwards
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Laurie McKenzie
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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45
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Batchu S, Kellish AS, Hakim AA. Assessing alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines as tumor models by comparison of mRNA expression profiles. Gene 2020; 760:145025. [PMID: 32758582 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Numerous cell lines for human alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) have been developed and are widely used to study biological processes of this myogenic cancer. The present study investigated the resemblance of commonly used ARMS cell lines to primary tumors in regards to gene expression. RNA-sequencing data was retrieved from published datasets for 4 commonly used ARMS cell lines and 35 ARMS primary tumors. The genes with most variable expression across primary tumors were used to calculate rank-based Spearman's correlation. The observed median correlations ranged from 0.36 to 0.61. RH-41 showed the highest median correlation while KYM-1 was the least correlated cell line. A significant number of genes dysregulated between tumors and non-tumors also exhibited similar expression patterns between tumors and cell lines, including The findings suggest that ARMS cell lines exhibit changes in gene expression compared to primary tumors and may not be completely representative of the disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Batchu
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States.
| | - Alec S Kellish
- Cooper Medical School at Rowan University, Camden, NJ, United States
| | - Abraham A Hakim
- Cooper Medical School at Rowan University, Camden, NJ, United States
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46
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Zahavi A, Luckman J, Ben-David GS, Toledano H, Michowiz S, Vardizer Y, Goldenberg-Cohen N. Proptosis due to intraorbital space-occupying lesions in children. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2020; 258:2541-2550. [PMID: 32676791 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-020-04840-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To report the 10-year experience of two tertiary medical centers with children presenting with proptosis due to an intraorbital space-occupying lesion. METHODS Patients were identified by file review. Data were collected on demographics, findings on ophthalmologic and imaging evaluations, etiology, treatment, and outcome. RESULTS Nineteen children (7 male) were included. Eleven patients had optic nerve glioma, including 9 with substantially decreased visual acuity. Treatment consisted of chemotherapy alone or with radiation, resection or anti-VEGF agents, MEK inhibitor, or observation only (n = 1). Visual and cosmetic outcomes were poor in all cases. Outcome for arteriovenous malformations was good following corticosteroid treatment (n = 1), but catheterization led to persistent proptosis and fluctuating visual acuity (n = 1). Compound capillary hemangioma (n = 1) was treated with laser and systemic beta blockers with satisfactory results. Rhabdomyosarcoma had a good prognosis in one patient treated with resection and radiation but was fatal in another even after chemotherapy. Juvenile xanthogranuloma, frontal bone osteoma, and localized hypertrophic neuropathy of the supraorbital nerve (n = 1 each) were treated by resection with good visual and cosmetic outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Proptosis accompanied by visual loss is an uncommon presentation in children and suggests an orbital tumor. We found that visual outcome was better when the nerve was not involved by tumor. Optic nerve glioma was the most common cause and failed to respond to various treatments. Catheterization for arteriovenous malformation did not prevent proptosis, and final visual acuity fluctuated. Surgery for rhabdomyosarcoma and xanthogranuloma led to remission with preservation of vision in 2 of 3 cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alon Zahavi
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Ophthalmology, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, 4941492, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Krieger Eye Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, 4941492, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Judith Luckman
- Department of Radiology, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, 4941492, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Geulah S Ben-David
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Helen Toledano
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Oncology, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, 49420235, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Shalom Michowiz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hadassah Medical Center, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yoav Vardizer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bnai-Zion Medical Center, 3339419, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nitza Goldenberg-Cohen
- Krieger Eye Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, 4941492, Petah Tikva, Israel. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Bnai-Zion Medical Center, 3339419, Haifa, Israel. .,Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel.
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47
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Targeting BCL-2 proteins in pediatric cancer: Dual inhibition of BCL-XL and MCL-1 leads to rapid induction of intrinsic apoptosis. Cancer Lett 2020; 482:19-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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48
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Case Series on Four Treated Cases of Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma in Children. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2020; 72:214-220. [PMID: 32551280 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-019-01767-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We report four cases of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma treated successfully with multimodality therapy which included surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Our first case was a 2 year old who admitted with the chief complaint of swelling of the upper lip. Biopsy was taken, which showed embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. It was followed by a CT scan (face + neck), MRI face, USG abdomen and bone scan of the patient. Pre operatively chemotherapy was given. After completion of chemotherapy regimen, wide local excision of the lesion along with a reverse fan flap and bilateral modified radical neck dissection type 3 was done. This was followed by post operative chemotherapy and radiotherapy. There was no recurrence at 6 months post operatively. The second patient was 6 years old with similar complaints, after undertaking all the investigations as in the previous case, patient was given neoadjuvant chemotherapy following which wide local excision of the lesion along with reconstruction with the help of bilateral nasolabial flap was done. This was followed by post operative chemotherapy. No recurrence was present 6 months post operatively. The third patient was a 17 year old male presenting with complaints of left sided nasal obstruction and left nasal swelling. Examination revealed left sided nasal mass which on biopsy turned out to be embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. The patient underwent surgery followed by chemoradiation. At 6 months the patient had no evidence of recurrence. The fourth patient was 16-year-old male who presented with complaints of right sided nasal swelling and nasal obstruction. Radiological investigation showed the tumor involving the right sinonasal cavity with extension to anterior cranial fossa and with neck nodes. Patient was given concurrent chemoradiation. Patient was followed up for 6 months when the patient presented with recurrence of disease with distant metastasis. Patient is currently on palliative chemotherapy. To summarise, embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma in young children when treated aggressively with surgery and chemotherapy has better prognosis than with chemo-radiation alone.
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Significantly greater prevalence of DICER1 alterations in uterine embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma compared to adenosarcoma. Mod Pathol 2020; 33:1207-1219. [PMID: 31900434 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-019-0436-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas (ERMS) account for 2-3% of cancers in pediatric and adolescent populations. They are rarer in adults. We and others have reported that ERMS arising in the uterine cervix may harbor mutations in the gene encoding the microRNA biogenesis enzyme, DICER1, but a large series of cases has not been published. In the uterus, distinguishing ERMS from adenosarcoma can be very challenging, even for expert pathologists, and DICER1 alterations have been identified in a variable subset of uterine adenosarcomas. We hypothesized that DICER1 genetic testing may be useful in distinguishing between ERMS and adenosarcoma. We conducted a central pathology review-based study of 64 tumors initially thought to be uterine ERMS or adenosarcoma; 19 neoplasms had a consensus diagnosis of ERMS, 27 of adenosarcoma and for 18, no consensus diagnosis was reached. The median age at diagnosis was 30 years (range 2.5-69) for ERMS, 57.5 years (range 27-82) for adenosarcoma, and 65.5 years (range 32-86) for no consensus cases. In our series, the DICER1 mutation prevalence differed between the three groups: DICER1 alterations were present in 18/19 (95%) ERMS, 7/27 (26%) adenosarcomas (p < 0.001), and 4/18 (22%) no consensus cases. A germline alteration was present in 6/12 ERMS patients tested versus 0/6 adenosarcoma patients. Thus, although DICER1 mutations are near ubiquitous in uterine ERMS and are significantly less common in uterine adenosarcoma, DICER1 testing is only of value in distinguishing between the two neoplasms when a DICER1 mutation is absent, as this is helpful in excluding ERMS. On review of the clinical and radiological features of the single DICER1 wild-type cervical ERMS, this was thought most likely to be of vaginal origin. Given the significant prevalence of DICER1 germline pathogenic variants in uterine ERMS, all patients with this diagnosis should be referred to a genetics service.
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50
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Laszig S, Boedicker C, Weiser T, Knapp S, Fulda S. The novel dual BET/HDAC inhibitor TW09 mediates cell death by mitochondrial apoptosis in rhabdomyosarcoma cells. Cancer Lett 2020; 486:46-57. [PMID: 32445837 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Targeting the epigenome of cancer cells with the combination of Bromodomain and Extra Terminal (BET) protein inhibitors and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors has shown synergistic antitumor effects in several cancer types. In this study, we investigate the antitumor potential of the novel dual BET/HDAC inhibitor TW09 in rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) cells. TW09 reduces cell viability, suppresses long-term clonogenic survival and induces cell death in RMS cells in a dose-dependent manner. Compared to BET/HDAC co-inhibition using JQ1 and MS-275, TW09 induces similar cell death at equimolar concentrations and regulates BET and HDAC target proteins (e.g. c-MYC, H3 acetylation). Mechanistic studies revealed that TW09 upregulates BIM, NOXA, PUMA and BMF, while downregulating BCL-XL, leading to proapoptotic rebalancing of BCL-2 proteins. This results in BAK and BAX activation and caspase-dependent apoptosis, since individual genetic silencing of BIM, NOXA, PUMA, BMF, BAK or BAX, overexpression of BCL-2 or the caspase inhibition with zVAD.fmk all rescue JQ1/BYL719-induced cell death. In conclusion, TW09 shows potent antitumor activity in RMS cells in vitro by inducing mitochondrial apoptosis and may represent a promising new therapeutic option for the treatment of RMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Laszig
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Komturstrasse 3a, 60528, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Cathinka Boedicker
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Komturstrasse 3a, 60528, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Tim Weiser
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University and Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stefan Knapp
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt, Germany; Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University and Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Simone Fulda
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Komturstrasse 3a, 60528, Frankfurt, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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