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Omoor INA, Yankey R, Shehata AI, Fang CH, Hui L, Dongmei L, Ling J, Dosoky WM, Karanja JK, Dawood MAO, Othman SI, Allam AA, Rudayni HA, Taha AE, Swelum AA, Tellez-Isaias G, Zhanxi L. Dietary supplement of fermented grass forage regulates growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and immune response of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103323. [PMID: 38103530 PMCID: PMC10764258 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to determine the effects of different levels of fermented Juncao grass (FG) on growth parameters, blood constituents, immunity, and antioxidative properties of broilers. A total of 240 (21-d-old) broiler chicks were randomly distributed to four dietary treatments of sixty birds, with six replicate pens and ten birds in each. Fermented grass was added to the basal diet at four levels with 0, 5, 10, and 15% FG. The results revealed that broilers fed 5% FG had significantly higher (P < 0.05) final body weight (FBW), average daily gain (WG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI). The best conversion ratio (FCR) was recorded for broilers supplemented with 5% FG compared to the group supplemented with 15% FG (P < 0.05). Increasing FG % decreased (P < 0.05) anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10. However, FG increased (P < 0.05) proinflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, IL-1, IL-2, IL-12, and TNF-α (P < 0.05). Moreover, IgA, IgG, and IgM levels increased (P < 0.05) with increasing FG %. In addition, increasing FG % in broiler rations significantly increased (P < 0.05) serum antioxidant levels of T-AOC, GSH-PX, SOD, CAT, NO and GSH, but decreased (P < 0.05) MDA levels compared to the control group. Conclusively, fermented Juncao grass would be considered a novel herbal feed additive for improving broiler performance, immunity, antioxidant, and health status. Nevertheless, further research at the molecular level is needed to quantify the effects of these herbal components on cellular and humoral immune functions in broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim N A Omoor
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; China National Engineering Research Center of Juncao Technology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Richard Yankey
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; China National Engineering Research Center of Juncao Technology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Akram I Shehata
- Department of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21531, Egypt
| | - Chew H Fang
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; China National Engineering Research Center of Juncao Technology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Lin Hui
- China National Engineering Research Center of Juncao Technology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Lin Dongmei
- China National Engineering Research Center of Juncao Technology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Jin Ling
- China National Engineering Research Center of Juncao Technology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Waleed M Dosoky
- Department of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21531, Egypt
| | - Joseph K Karanja
- Center for Plant Water-Use and Nutrition Regulation and College of Life Sciences, Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Cops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Mahmoud A O Dawood
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt; The Center for Applied Research on the Environment and Sustainability, the American University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Sarah I Othman
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Allam
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-suef University, Beni-suef 65211, Egypt
| | - Hassan A Rudayni
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman E Taha
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Behira, Rasheed, 22758 Edfina, Egypt
| | - Ayman A Swelum
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Guillermo Tellez-Isaias
- Department of Poultry Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Lin Zhanxi
- China National Engineering Research Center of Juncao Technology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
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Putnam M, Mills J, Markis M, El-Attrache J. Advancement of Autogenous Vaccines in the Poultry Industry. Avian Dis 2024; 67:450-455. [PMID: 38300663 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-23-99990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Autogenous vaccines, also known as "custom" vaccines, have become an essential instrument in the production veterinarian's toolbox for the control of emerging and evolving diseases. Autogenous vaccines require a reduced burden of U.S. Department of Agriculture licensing, making them rapidly accessible. Autogenous vaccines have made significant advancements in the ability to reduce disease within the poultry industry from a combination of several different advancements in regulation requirements, rapid and accurate diagnostic assessments, and improvements in manufacturing. The use of autogenous vaccines by poultry health professionals has also increased, and these custom-made products have been instrumental in combating diseases resulting from antigenic variants such as salmonellosis, colibacillosis, infectious coryza, infectious bursal disease, inclusion body hepatitis, viral enteritis, and viral arthritis and tenosynovitis.
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Sulejmanovic T, Schnug J, Philipp HC. Veterinary Autogenous Vaccines for Poultry in Europe-Many Ways to Crack an Egg. Avian Dis 2024; 67:456-466. [PMID: 38300664 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-23-99991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
In the past decade, European animal farming has increasingly used autogenous vaccines for the prevention of nonnotifiable diseases. In Europe, these vaccines are exclusively inactivated bacterial and viral vaccines, with a set of specific regulations that differentiate them from conventional vaccines. The highest number of applications most likely occurs in poultry, as these animal species are farmed in the highest numbers compared with other types of food-producing animals. In 2019, autogenous vaccines came within the scope of harmonized European regulation for the first time, although many important aspects are still missing and need to be further developed. Consequently, several important legal provisions remain in national legislations and can vary tremendously between different member states of the European Union. The inclusion of autogenous vaccines in the management of certain diseases of poultry is justified by the nonavailability of licensed vaccines and the evolution and diversity of antigens in the field that are not covered by licensed vaccines. In addition, these vaccines aid in reducing the use of antibiotics. The methods for isolating and typing pathogenic isolates to obtain relevant antigens are pathogen specific and require a careful approach based on clinical evidence. Manufacturing processes are optimized according to regulatory standards, and they represent the most critical factor influencing the quality of autogenous vaccines and their placement on the market. This review presents the important requirements for manufacturing autogenous vaccines for poultry in addition to the relevant regulatory considerations. The results from a survey of several European Union member states regarding specific provisions within their national legislations are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarik Sulejmanovic
- Vaxxinova Autogenous Vaccines GmbH, Anton-Flettner-Strasse 6, 27472 Cuxhaven, Germany,
| | - Jana Schnug
- Vaxxinova Autogenous Vaccines GmbH, Anton-Flettner-Strasse 6, 27472 Cuxhaven, Germany
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Wang G, He Y, Yan X, Sun Y, Yi L, Tu C, He B. Virome Profiling of Chickens with Hepatomegaly Rupture Syndrome Reveals Coinfection of Multiple Viruses. Viruses 2023; 15:1249. [PMID: 37376549 DOI: 10.3390/v15061249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver diseases seriously challenge the health of chickens raised on scaled farms and cause tremendous economic losses to farm owners. The causative agents for liver diseases are still elusive, even though various pathogens, such as the hepatitis E virus, have been reported. In the winter of 2021, a liver disease was observed on a chicken farm in Dalian, China, which increased chicken mortality by up to 18%. We conducted panvirome profiling of the livers, spleens, kidneys, and recta of 20 diseased chickens. The viromic results revealed coinfection of multiple viruses, including pathogenic ones, in these organs. The viruses were highly identical to those detected in other provinces, and the vaccine and field strains of avian encephalomyelitis virus (AEV) and chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) cocirculated on the farm. In particular, the liver showed higher abundance of AEV and multiple fowl adenoviruses than other organs. Furthermore, the liver also contracted avian leukemia virus and CIAV. Experimental animals with infected liver samples developed minor to medium lesions of the liver and showed a virus abundance profile for AEV across internal organs similar to that in the original samples. These results suggest that coinfection with multiple pathogenic viruses influences the occurrence and development of infectious liver disease. The results also highlight that strong farm management standards with strict biosafety measures are needed to minimize the risk of pathogenic virus introduction to the farm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoshuai Wang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Yaqi He
- Beijing Centre Biology Co., Ltd., Beijing 102600, China
| | - Xiaomin Yan
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Le Yi
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Changchun Tu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Biao He
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
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Issa SS, Shaimardanova AA, Solovyeva VV, Rizvanov AA. Various AAV Serotypes and Their Applications in Gene Therapy: An Overview. Cells 2023; 12:785. [PMID: 36899921 PMCID: PMC10000783 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite scientific discoveries in the field of gene and cell therapy, some diseases still have no effective treatment. Advances in genetic engineering methods have enabled the development of effective gene therapy methods for various diseases based on adeno-associated viruses (AAVs). Today, many AAV-based gene therapy medications are being investigated in preclinical and clinical trials, and new ones are appearing on the market. In this article, we present a review of AAV discovery, properties, different serotypes, and tropism, and a following detailed explanation of their uses in gene therapy for disease of different organs and systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaza S. Issa
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alisa A. Shaimardanova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Valeriya V. Solovyeva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Albert A. Rizvanov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
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Zhuang Q, Wang S, Zhang F, Zhao C, Chen Q, Zhao R, Guo P, Ju L, Li J, Hou G, Chen X, Sun F, Wang K. Molecular epidemiology analysis of fowl adenovirus detected from apparently healthy birds in eastern China. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:5. [PMID: 36624468 PMCID: PMC9827690 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03545-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fowl adenovirus is of major concern to the poultry industry worldwidely. In order to monitor the prevalent status of Fowl adenovirus in China, a total of 1920 clinical samples from apparently healthy birds in the 25 sites of poultry flocks, Slaughterhouse and living bird markets from 8 provinces in eastern China were collected and detected by PCR, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS The epidemiological survey showed that Fowl adenoviruses were detected in living bird markets, and circulating in a variety of fowl species, including chickens, ducks, goose and pigeons. Among the 1920 clinical samples, 166 samples (8.65%) were positive in the fowl adenovirus PCR detection. In this study, totally all the 12 serotypes (serotypes of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8A, 8B, 9, 10 and 11) fowl adenoviruses were detected, the most prevalent serotype was serotype 1. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that 166 FAdVs of 12 serotypes were divided into 5 fowl adenovirus species (Fowl aviadenovirus A, B, C, D, E). CONCLUSIONS In the epidemiological survey, 8.65% of the clinical samples from apparently healthy birds were positive in the fowl adenovirus PCR detection. Totally all the 12 serotypes fowl adenoviruses were detected in a variety of fowl species, which provided abundant resources for the research of fowl adenoviruses in China. The newly prevalent FAdV serotypes provides valuable information for the development of an effective control strategy for FAdV infections in fowls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingye Zhuang
- grid.414245.20000 0004 6063 681XChina Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province China ,Shandong Vocational Animal Science and Veterinary College, Weifang, Shandong Province China
| | - Suchun Wang
- grid.414245.20000 0004 6063 681XChina Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province China
| | - Fuyou Zhang
- grid.414245.20000 0004 6063 681XChina Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province China
| | - Chenglong Zhao
- grid.414245.20000 0004 6063 681XChina Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province China
| | - Qiong Chen
- Xiamen Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Testing Center, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- Xiamen Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Testing Center, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Pin Guo
- Shandong Vocational Animal Science and Veterinary College, Weifang, Shandong Province China
| | - Lei Ju
- Shandong Vocational Animal Science and Veterinary College, Weifang, Shandong Province China
| | - Jinping Li
- grid.414245.20000 0004 6063 681XChina Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province China
| | - Guangyu Hou
- grid.414245.20000 0004 6063 681XChina Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province China
| | - Xiaoying Chen
- Shandong Vocational Animal Science and Veterinary College, Weifang, Shandong Province China
| | - Fuliang Sun
- grid.440752.00000 0001 1581 2747Yanbian University, Yanbian, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002 China
| | - Kaicheng Wang
- grid.414245.20000 0004 6063 681XChina Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province China ,grid.418524.e0000 0004 0369 6250Key Laboratory of Animal Biosafety Risk Prevention and Control (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, P.R. China
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A 10-Year Retrospective Study of Inclusion Body Hepatitis in Meat-Type Chickens in Spain (2011-2021). Viruses 2021; 13:v13112170. [PMID: 34834976 PMCID: PMC8617850 DOI: 10.3390/v13112170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A surge in fowl adenovirus (FAdV) causing inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) outbreaks has occurred in several countries in the last two decades. In Spain, a sharp increase in case numbers in broilers and broiler breeder pullets arose since 2011, which prompted the vaccination of breeders in some regions. Our retrospective study of IBH cases in Spain from 2011 to 2021 revealed that most cases were reported in broilers (92.21%) and were caused by serotypes FAdV-8b and -11, while cases in broiler breeder pullets were caused by serotypes FAdV-2, -11, and -8b. Vertical transmission was the main route of infection, although horizontal transmission likely happened in some broiler cases. Despite the inconsistent and heterogeneous use of vaccines among regions and over time, the number of cases mirrored the use of vaccines in the country. While IBH outbreaks were recorded year-long, significantly more cases occurred during the cooler and rainier months. The geographic distribution suggested a widespread incidence of IBH and revealed the importance of a highly integrated system. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of FAdV infection dynamics under field conditions and reiterate the importance of surveillance, serological monitoring of breeders, and vaccination of breeders against circulating serotypes to protect progenies.
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Niczyporuk JS, Kozdrun W, Czekaj H, Stys-Fijol N. Fowl adenovirus strains 1/A and 11/D isolated from birds with reovirus infection. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256137. [PMID: 34411166 PMCID: PMC8376056 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) is, in some cases, a fatal disease affecting fowl by adenovirus strains which are subdivided into 5 species (A-E). In the current study, we investigated sequences from the Loop L1 region of the hexon gene of sequences of adenovirus field stains 1/A and 11/D isolated from a poultry flock co-infected with IBH and avian reoviruses ARVs. In early 2021, an epidemiologic survey highlighted the coinfection adenoviruses with other viruses (orthoreovirus infection) as being particularly deleterious within the poultry industry. Here, we investigated the Loop L1 HVR1-4 region of the hexon gene with relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) designation and RSCU inclusive of all the mutations. These are the first results that have been presented on fowl adenovirus species A and D with simultaneous reovirus infection in 38-days old broiler chickens in Poland.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wojciech Kozdrun
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland
| | - Hanna Czekaj
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland
| | - Natalia Stys-Fijol
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland
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9
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Molecular typing and pathogenicity assessment of fowl adenovirus associated with inclusion body hepatitis in chicken from India. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:412. [PMID: 34308515 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02851-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Recently, inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) outbreaks have been increasingly reported in different regions of India, particularly in broiler flocks. The present study was undertaken to characterize fowl adenovirus associated with IBH in chicken and assessment of its pathogenicity. Liver samples were collected from fowl adenovirus (FAdV) suspected 100 commercial broiler and six broiler breeder flocks from eleven different States of India from 2016 to 2019. All the samples were subjected to 897-bp FAdV hexon gene-specific PCR for confirmation and primary chicken liver cells were used to isolate the field FAdVs. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of 897-bp FAdV hexon gene revealed that all the isolates have showed close evolutionary relationship with fowl adenovirus serotype 11 of species D. For pathogenicity assessment, 0.5 ml of 106.5 TCID50/ml of field FAdV serotype 11 isolate was orally inoculated in 1-day-old SPF chicks and observed for 21 days. This experimental study revealed that there was no mortality in infected chicks and showed clinical signs of dullness, depression and diarrhoea between third and fifth day of oral inoculation. The FAdV was reisolated and confirmed by PCR from experimentally infected chicken. Based on this study, among all serotypes, FAdV serotype 11 is involved in pathogenesis of inclusion body hepatitis in broiler-type chickens in India.
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A 24-Year-Old Sample Contributes the Complete Genome Sequence of Fowl Aviadenovirus D from the United States. Microbiol Resour Announc 2021; 10:10/1/e01211-20. [PMID: 33414334 PMCID: PMC8407710 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01211-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we report the complete genome sequence of fowl aviadenovirus D (FAdV-D) isolated from a preserved 24-year-old pancreas sample of a broiler chicken embryo. The results of the sequence showed that the viral genome is 44,079 bp long.
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11
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De Luca C, Schachner A, Mitra T, Heidl S, Liebhart D, Hess M. Fowl adenovirus (FAdV) fiber-based vaccine against inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) provides type-specific protection guided by humoral immunity and regulation of B and T cell response. Vet Res 2020; 51:143. [PMID: 33267862 PMCID: PMC7709361 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-020-00869-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A recombinant fowl adenovirus (FAdV) fiber protein, derived from a FAdV-8a strain, was tested for its efficacy to protect chickens against inclusion body hepatitis (IBH). FAdV-E field isolates belonging to both a homotypic (FAdV-8a) and heterotypic (-8b) serotype were used as challenge. Mechanisms underlying fiber-induced protective immunity were investigated by fiber-based ELISA, virus neutralization assays and flow cytometry of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, monitoring the temporal developments of humoral and cellular responses after vaccination and challenge exposure. Birds were clinically protected from the homologous challenge and showed a significant reduction of viral load in investigated target organs, whereas fiber-based immunity failed to counteract the heterologous serotype infection. These findings were supported in vitro by the strictly type-specific neutralizing activity of fiber immune sera. In protected birds, fiber vaccination prevented a post-challenge drop of peripheral B cells in blood. Furthermore, fiber immunization stimulated CD4+ T lymphocyte proliferation while moderating the CD8α+ T cell response and prevented challenge-induced changes in systemic monocytes/macrophages and γδ+ T cell subpopulations. Both vaccinated and adjuvant-only injected birds experienced a priming of systemic B cells and TCRγδ+ T lymphocytes, which masked possible pre-challenge effects due to the antigen. In conclusion, within FAdV-E, recombinant fiber represents a vaccine candidate to control the adverse effects of homotypic infection by eliciting an effective humoral immunity and regulating B and T cell response, whereas the failure of heterotypic protection suggests a primordial role of humoral immunity for this vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta De Luca
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Poultry Vaccines (IPOV), University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Schachner
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Poultry Vaccines (IPOV), University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Taniya Mitra
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarah Heidl
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Poultry Vaccines (IPOV), University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dieter Liebhart
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Hess
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Poultry Vaccines (IPOV), University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria. .,Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
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Mohamed Sohaimi N, Bejo MH, Omar AR, Ideris A, Mat Isa N. Molecular characterization of fowl adenovirus isolate of Malaysia attenuated in chicken embryo liver cells and its pathogenicity and immunogenicity in chickens. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225863. [PMID: 31891571 PMCID: PMC6938336 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fowl adenovirus (FAdV) is the causative agent of inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) in chickens with significant economic losses due to high mortality and poor production. It was objectives of the study to attenuate and determine the molecular characteristic of FAdV isolate (UPM1137) of Malaysia passages in primary chicken embryo liver (CEL) cells. The cytopathic effect (CPE) was recorded and the present of the virus was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Nucleotide and amino acid changes were determined and a phylogenetic tree was constructed. The pathogenicity and immunogenicity of the virus at passage 35 (CEL35) with virus titre of 106.7TCID50/mL was determined in day old specific pathogen free (SPF) chicks via oral or subcutaneous route of inoculation. The study demonstrated that the FAdV isolate was successfully propagated and attenuated in CEL cells up to 35th consecutive passages (CEL35) with delayed of CPE formation within 48 to 72 post inoculation (pi) from CEL20 onwards. The virus caused typical CPE with basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies, refractile and clumping of cells. The virus is belong to serotype 8b with substitution of amino acid at position 44, 133 and 185 in L1 loop of hexon gene and in knob of fiber gene at position 348 and 360 at CEL35. It is non-pathogenic, but immunogenic in SPF chickens. It was concluded that the FAdV isolate was successfully attenuated in CEL cells with molecular changes in major capsid proteins which affect its infectivity in cell culture and SPF chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohd Hair Bejo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Rahman Omar
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Aini Ideris
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurulfiza Mat Isa
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Hosseini H, Langeroudi AG, FallahMehrabadi MH, Ziafati Kafi Z, Dizaji RE, Ghafouri SA, Hamadan AM, Aghaiyan L, Hajizamani N. The fowl adenovirus (Fadv-11) outbreak in Iranian broiler chicken farms: The first full genome characterization and phylogenetic analysis. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 70:101365. [PMID: 31610890 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2019.101365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Fowl adenoviruses D and E (FAdV-D and E) can cause inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) in commercial chicken flocks. Recently, IBH outbreaks have been increasingly reported in different regions of Iran, particularly in broiler farms. The present study was conducted to perform, for the first time, a complete genome characterization of a FAdV isolate from an IBH outbreak in Iran. Briefly, liver samples were collected from affected broiler flocks and following viral DNA extraction and confirming by PCR technique; one positive sample was selected from an affected flock to conduct a complete genome sequencing. The current FAdV, named "Fowl_Adenovirus_D_isolate_iran/UT-Kiaee_2018", was placed into FAdV-11 serotype (D species). According to the complete genome sequence analysis, UT-Kiaee had high homology with Chinese and Canadian FAdV. The partial sequence of the hexon gene revealed that UT-Kiaee shared 100% identity with previous Iranian FAdVs. The present study was the first to report full genome FAdV in Iran and complete the puzzle of molecular epidemiology of FAdV in Iran through determining the possible origin of Iranian FAdvs, which are the causative agents of recent IBH outbreaks in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Hosseini
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, Karaj, Iran
| | - Arash Ghalyanchi Langeroudi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hossein FallahMehrabadi
- Department of Poultry Diseases, RAZI Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Ziafati Kafi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Esmaeelzadeh Dizaji
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Ghafouri
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Vedicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Modiri Hamadan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Aghaiyan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niusha Hajizamani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Steer-Cope PA, Sandy JR, O'Rourke D, Scott PC, Browning GF, Noormohammadi AH. Vaccination with FAdV-8a induces protection against inclusion body hepatitis caused by homologous and heterologous strains. Avian Pathol 2019; 48:396-405. [PMID: 31042049 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2019.1612032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Fowl aviadenoviruses (FAdV) are important avian pathogens, responsible for several poultry diseases prevalent worldwide, including inclusion body hepatitis (IBH). FAdV intraspecies cross-protection has been clearly demonstrated, but there is little evidence that any interspecies cross-protection exists. The present study aimed to assess the inter- and intraspecies protection between three FAdV field isolates (FAdV-8a, FAdV-8b, FAdV-11) identified in association with severe IBH outbreaks. Inocula prepared using inactivated plaque-purified virus with adjuvant Montanide™ ISA 71VG, were injected intramuscularly into 3-week-old SPF chickens. At 6-weeks of age, the birds were challenged with 106 TCID50 of homologous or heterologous virus intraperitoneally, and full post mortem examination performed at 4 days post-challenge. Various tissues were examined for gross and histological lesions and assessed for the presence of virus by PCR-HRM. All homologous-type vaccine/challenge groups exhibited protection against IBH lesions with no virus detected in the tissues. Unvaccinated groups challenged with virus showed evidence of FAdV-induced lesions; however, FAdV-8a demonstrated lower pathogenicity compared with FAdV-8b and FAdV-11. In the heterologous-type vaccine/challenge groups, FAdV-8a vaccine was shown to protect against challenge with both FAdV-8b and FAdV-11. FAdV-8a and 8b belong to species E and were therefore anticipated to cross-protect. However, FAdV-11 belongs to species D and therefore cross-protection by FAdV-8a was an uncharacteristic and unique finding of this study. Further research is required to disseminate the molecular basis for the interspecies cross-protection between FAdV-8a and FAdV-11. Nonetheless, the FAdV-8a isolate was shown to have substantial potential as a vaccine candidate in countries where FAdV-8a, 8b or 11 are prevalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penelope A Steer-Cope
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne , Werribee , Australia.,Poultry CRC, University of New England , Armidale , Australia
| | - Jeanine R Sandy
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne , Werribee , Australia
| | - Denise O'Rourke
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne , Werribee , Australia
| | - Peter C Scott
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne , Werribee , Australia
| | - Glenn F Browning
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne , Werribee , Australia
| | - Amir H Noormohammadi
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne , Werribee , Australia.,Poultry CRC, University of New England , Armidale , Australia
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16
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Brown Jordan A, Blake L, Bisnath J, Ramgattie C, Carrington CV, Oura CAL. Identification of four serotypes of fowl adenovirus in clinically affected commercial poultry co-infected with chicken infectious anaemia virus in Trinidad and Tobago. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 66:1341-1348. [PMID: 30817083 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Fowl adenovirus (FAdV), which causes the high-impact diseases such as inclusion body hepatitis and hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome, is of major concern to the poultry industry internationally. This study was carried out in direct response to mortality rates of up to 75% in commercial broiler flocks in Trinidad, West Indies. Symptoms in 3- to 8-week-old broilers and 13- to 18-week-old pullets pointed to infection with an immunosuppressive viral pathogen. The objectives of the study were to determine whether the infectious agent FAdV, along with other viral pathogens, was responsible for the clinical disease, and to obtain information on the serotypes of FAdV that were infecting the birds. Tissue samples from clinically affected birds from eight different farms were tested for chicken infectious anaemia virus (CIAV) and infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and for FAdV by conventional PCR. The birds tested positive for FAdV and CIAV, but negative for IBDV. The gene corresponding to the L1 loop of the hexon protein for FAdV was amplified and sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis of seven FAdV strains inferred that four serotypes were likely to be circulating in the chickens. Well supported genetic relatedness was observed for serotype 8a (97.8%), 8b (97.8%), 9 (95.8%) and 11 (98.8%-99.5%). This is the first published report from Trinidad and Tobago on the presence and circulation of pathogenic FAdV strains, in combination with CIAV, in poultry. The data demonstrate a possible need for the introduction of serotype-specific vaccines against FAdV, as well as vaccines against CIAV, in broilers in the region and emphasize the importance of maintaining high levels of biosecurity on farms to prevent the spread of these potentially devastating viruses between farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianne Brown Jordan
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of the West Indies (St. Augustine), Mount Hope, Republic of Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Lemar Blake
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of the West Indies (St. Augustine), Mount Hope, Republic of Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Judy Bisnath
- Poultry Surveillance Unit, Animal Production and Health Services Division, Ministry of Agriculture, Land and Fisheries, National Animal Disease Centre, Centeno, Republic of Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Chad Ramgattie
- Poultry Surveillance Unit, Animal Production and Health Services Division, Ministry of Agriculture, Land and Fisheries, National Animal Disease Centre, Centeno, Republic of Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Christine V Carrington
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies (St. Augustine), Mount Hope, Republic of Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Christopher A L Oura
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of the West Indies (St. Augustine), Mount Hope, Republic of Trinidad and Tobago
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17
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Sohaimi NM, Bejo MH, Omar AR, Ideris A, Isa NM. Hexon and fiber gene changes in an attenuated fowl adenovirus isolate from Malaysia in embryonated chicken eggs and its infectivity in chickens. J Vet Sci 2019; 19:759-770. [PMID: 30173491 PMCID: PMC6265588 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2018.19.6.759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fowl adenovirus (FAdV) is distributed worldwide and causes economic losses in the poultry industry. The objectives of this study were to determine the hexon and fiber gene changes in an attenuated FAdV isolate from Malaysia in specific pathogen-free chicken embryonated eggs (SPF CEE) and its infectivity in commercial broiler chickens. SPF CEE were inoculated with 0.1 mL FAdV inoculum via the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) for 20 consecutive passages. The isolate at passage 20 (E20), with a virus titer of 108.7TCID50/mL (TCID50, 50% tissue culture infective dose), was inoculated (0.5 mL) into one-day-old commercial broiler chicks either via oral or intraperitoneal routes. The study demonstrated that 100% embryonic mortality was recorded from E2 to E20 with a delayed pattern at E17 onwards. The lesions were confined to the liver and CAM. Substitutions of amino acids in the L1 loop of hexon at positions 49 and 66, and in the knob of fiber at positions 318 and 322 were recorded in the E20 isolate. The isolate belongs to serotype 8b and is non-pathogenic to broiler chickens, but it is able to induce a FAdV antibody titer. It appears that molecular changes in the L1 loop of hexon and the knob of fiber are markers for FAdV infectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norfitriah M Sohaimi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd H Bejo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia.,Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Abdul R Omar
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia.,Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Aini Ideris
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia.,Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Nurulfiza M Isa
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia.,Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia
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18
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He Z, Chen X, Fu M, Tang J, Li X, Cao H, Wang Y, Zheng SJ. Inhibition of fowl adenovirus serotype 4 replication in Leghorn male hepatoma cells by SP600125 via blocking JNK MAPK pathway. Vet Microbiol 2019; 228:45-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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19
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Redondo H, Fragoso JS, Tahala MA, Bensassi Y, Gil I, Elbachir E, Rodríguez MJ, Abad Moreno JC. Characterization of strain of fowl adenoviruses circulating in Morocco. Poult Sci 2018; 97:4057-4062. [PMID: 29982730 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection of fowl with adenoviruses raises concerns for poultry production, thus making the detection of adenovirus infection crucial. Fowl adenovirus is the causal agent of inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) and other avian syndromes that affect the production; since the epidemiological point of view it is important to differentiate the serotype of the virus. Between September 2016 and February 2017 several cases of IBH in broiler flocks were reported in Morocco. Molecular detection of the fowl adenovirus and sequencing also allowed determining the strain of the virus. The strain detected was identified as fowl adenovirus closely related to serotype 11 and 8a based on nucleotide sequence analyses of hexon gene loop 1. This is the first time that FadV has been detected in Morocco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Redondo
- Inmunología y Genética Aplicada, S.A. (INGENASA), 28037 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Mohamed Ait Tahala
- Cabinet veterinaire Al Houria, Boulevard de la liberté, 83350 Agadir, Morocco
| | - Younous Bensassi
- MSD Animal Health, Boulevard Zerektouni, 20601 Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Irene Gil
- Inmunología y Genética Aplicada, S.A. (INGENASA), 28037 Madrid, Spain
| | - Erraji Elbachir
- Cabinet veterinaire Tiznit, Boulevard Mohammed Elfhadi, 85000 Tiznit, Morocco
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20
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Meng F, Dong G, Zhang Y, Tian S, Cui Z, Chang S, Zhao P. Co-infection of fowl adenovirus with different immunosuppressive viruses in a chicken flock. Poult Sci 2018; 97:1699-1705. [PMID: 29509913 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In poultry, fowl adenovirus (FAdV) and immunosuppressive virus co-infection is likely to cause decreased egg production, inclusion body hepatitis, and pericardial effusion syndrome. In this study, fowl adenovirus infection was found in parental and descendent generations of chickens. We used quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and dot blot hybridization to detect the infection of reticuloendotheliosis (REV), avian leukosis virus (ALV), and chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) in 480 plasma samples. The test samples were 34.58% FADV-positive, 22.29% REV-positive, 7.5% CAV-positive, and 0.63% ALV-positive. Sequence analysis showed that FADV belonged to serotype 7, which can cause inclusion body hepatitis. The ALV strain was ALV-A, in which the homology of gp85 gene and SDAU09C1 was 97.3%. The positive rate was lower because of the purification of avian leukemia, whereas the phylogenetic tree analysis of REV showed that the highest homology was with IBD-C1605, which was derived from a vaccine isolate. Through pathogen detection in poultry we present, to our knowledge, the first discovery of fowl adenovirus type 7 infection in parental chickens and found that there was co-infection of FAdV and several immunosuppressive viruses, such as the purified ALV and CIAV. This indicates that multiple infection of different viruses is ever-present, and more attention should be given in the diagnosis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanfeng Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Guiwei Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Yubiao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Sibao Tian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Zhizhong Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Shuang Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China
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21
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Wang J, Wang S, Zou K, Zhang Y, Xu S, Yin Y. Variant Serotypes of Fowl Adenovirus Isolated from Commercial Poultry Between 2007 and 2017 in Some Regions of China. Avian Dis 2018; 62:171-176. [DOI: 10.1637/11794-010618-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Shouchun Wang
- Animal Diagnostic Center of the Qingdao Oland-Better Biotechnical Company, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Kaiyu Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, 266032, China
| | - Shouzhen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yanbo Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
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22
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Popowich S, Gupta A, Chow-Lockerbie B, Ayalew L, Ambrose N, Ojkic D, Gunawardana T, Kurukulasuriya S, Willson P, Tikoo SK, Gomis S. Broad spectrum protection of broiler chickens against inclusion body hepatitis by immunizing their broiler breeder parents with a bivalent live fowl adenovirus vaccine. Res Vet Sci 2018. [PMID: 29539591 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Historically, fowl adenovirus (FAdV) associated inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) was considered a secondary disease in broiler chickens associated with immunosuppression. However, we previously reported the occurrence of IBH as a primary disease in the broiler chicken industry in Canada as a result of infections with various FAdV serotypes. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to develop an immunization strategy in broiler breeders using live FAdV 11-1047 and FAdV8a-TR59 to confer homologous and heterologous protection in broiler progeny against IBH and to study the efficacy of natural exposure of naïve broiler breeders to a vaccine virus from live FAdV vaccinated birds as an immunization technique. Broiler breeders vaccinated orally with FAdV8a-TR59 (1 × 104 TCID50/bird) and FAdV11-1047 (1 × 104 TCID50/bird), FAdV8a-TR59 (1 × 106 TCID50/bird) and FAdV11-1047 (1 × 106 TCID50/bird) or FAdV8b (1 × 106 TCID50/bird) transferred substantial levels of neutralizing antibodies to their progeny. The efficacy of maternal antibodies was studied by challenging 14-day old broiler chickens with 1 × 107 TCID50 of FAdV2-685, FAdV7-x11a like, FAdV8a-TR59, FAdV8b-SK or FAdV11-1047 which are the dominant serotypes causing IBH outbreaks in Canada. Broiler chickens from the low and high dose vaccinated breeders were significantly protected against all serotypes of FAdV (P < 0.05). Comingling of unvaccinated broiler breeders with FAdV-vaccinated broiler breeders was an effective immunization technique for in-contact naïve birds. This study confirms that IBH can be effectively controlled in Canada by vaccination of broiler breeder parents with a bivalent vaccine containing live FAdV8a-TR59 and FAdV11-1047.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelly Popowich
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Ashish Gupta
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Betty Chow-Lockerbie
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Lisanework Ayalew
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | | | - Davor Ojkic
- Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1H 6R8, Canada
| | - Thushari Gunawardana
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Shanika Kurukulasuriya
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Philip Willson
- Canadian Centre for Health and Safety in Agriculture, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Suresh K Tikoo
- Vaccinology & Immunotherapeutics Program, School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Susantha Gomis
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada.
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23
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De la Torre D, Nuñez LFN, Santander Parra SH, Astolfi-Ferreira CS, Piantino Ferreira AJ. Molecular characterization of fowl adenovirus group I in commercial broiler chickens in Brazil. Virusdisease 2018; 29:83-88. [PMID: 29607363 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-018-0430-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian adenovirus has been reported in many countries and is an infectious agent related with inclusion body hepatitis, hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS), and respiratory and enteric conditions in chickens worldwide. The objective of this study was to detect and establish the molecular sequences of the hexon gene from the avian adenovirus strains of group I (FAdV-I) isolated from birds with hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS), malabsorption syndrome and runting-stunting syndrome, to characterize the serotype of virus affecting commercial flocks in Brazil. Molecular characterization was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), using specific primers to amplify the Loop 1 (L1) variable region of the hexon gene in the FAdV-I genome and subsequent sequencing of the PCR product for each positive sample. The results have revealed the presence of the FAdV-8a, FAdV-8b, and FAdV-11 serotypes circulating in Brazilian chicken flocks. Phylogenetic analysis grouped these sequences into three (3) distinct groups, 14 samples were aligned with the FAdV-11 group, three (3) samples in the FAdV-8b group and one (1) sample in the FAdV-8a group. The serotypes FAdV-8a, FAdV-8b, and FAdV-11 are circulating in Brazilian chicken flocks. Therefore, these results are very important for improvement biosecurity measurements and vaccine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- David De la Torre
- 1Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP Brazil
- 2Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Central University of Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Luis F N Nuñez
- 1Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP Brazil
- 2Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Central University of Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Silvana H Santander Parra
- 1Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP Brazil
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24
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Inactivated and live bivalent fowl adenovirus (FAdV8b + FAdV11) breeder vaccines provide broad-spectrum protection in chicks against inclusion body hepatitis (IBH). Vaccine 2017; 36:744-750. [PMID: 29292175 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Fowl adenovirus (FAdV) is comprised of five species (A to E) and 12 serotypes (1-7, 8a, 8b, 9-11). Inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) is caused by FAdV-7, 8a, 8b (species E) and FAdV-2 and 11 (species D). Commercial vaccines against IBH are not available in Canada. Autogenous FAdV broiler breeder vaccines are now used in some areas where outbreaks of IBH are occurring. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a bivalent (species D and E) live and an inactivated FAdV broiler breeder vaccine in protecting broiler chicks against IBH through maternal antibody (MtAb) transfer. FAdV seronegative broiler breeders (n = 300/group) received either a live or inactivated bivalent (FAdV-8b-SK + FAdV-11-1047) vaccine. The live vaccine (1 × 104 TCID50 of each virus/bird) was given orally once at 16 weeks of age and the inactivated vaccine (1 × 106TCID50 of each virus + 20% Emulsigen D) was given intramuscularly at 16 and 19 weeks of age. Controls (n = 150) were given saline orally. The inactivated vaccine group was boosted 3 weeks later with the same vaccine. Neutralizing antibodies (NAb) in sera (n = 10) were detected at 19, 22, 30 and 48 weeks of age. NAb were able to neutralize various FAdV serotypes within species D and E. Mean NAb were similar in the both live and killed vaccine groups at 19, 30 and 48 weeks and ranged from 2.4 to 3.7 log10. Approximately 26 ± 7% of MtAbs were passively transferred through eggs to day-old chicks. Progeny challenged with a lethal dose (1 × 107 TCID50/bird intramuscularly) of FAdV-8b-SK, FAdV-11-1047, or FAdV-2-685 (n = 90/group) at 14 days post-hatch (dph) showed 98-100% protection in broiler chicks to homologous or heterologous FAdV challenges. Our data suggests that a bivalent live and an inactivated FAdV vaccine are equally effective and have the potential for the control of IBH.
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Schachner A, Matos M, Grafl B, Hess M. Fowl adenovirus-induced diseases and strategies for their control - a review on the current global situation. Avian Pathol 2017; 47:111-126. [PMID: 28950714 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2017.1385724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The stand-alone pathogenicity of fowl adenoviruses (FAdVs) had long been disputed, given the ubiquity of the viruses versus sporadic outbreaks, and variation between experimental studies. However, a globally emerging trend of FAdV-associated diseases has marked the past two decades, with hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome mainly in Asia besides Arabian and Latin American countries, and geographically more disseminated outbreaks of inclusion body hepatitis. Finally, the appearance of FAdV-induced gizzard erosion (AGE) in Asia and Europe completed the range of diseases. Epidemiological studies confirmed serotype FAdV-4 as agent of hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome, whereas inclusion body hepatitis is related to FAdV-2, -8a, -8b and -11. Members of the biologically more distant serotype FAdV-1 induce AGE. Urged by increasing problems in the field, numerous pathogenicity studies with FAdVs from outbreaks substantiated the primary aetiologic role of particular strains for distinct clinical conditions. Developments in the poultry industry towards highly specialized genetic breeds and rigorous biosecurity additionally contribute to the growing incidence of FAdV-related diseases. Confirming field observations, recent studies connected a higher susceptibility of broilers with their distinct physiology, implying the choice of bird type as a factor to be considered in infection studies. Furthermore, elevated biosecurity standards have generated immunologically naïve breeding stocks, putting broilers at risk in face of vertical FAdV transmission. Therefore, future prevention strategies should include adequate antibodies in breeders prior to production and - if necessary - vaccination, in order to protect progenies. This review aims to deliver a detailed overview on the current global situation about FAdV-induced diseases, their reproduction in vivo and vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Schachner
- a Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Poultry Vaccines (IPOV) , University of Veterinary Medicine , Vienna , Austria
| | - Miguel Matos
- b Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health , University of Veterinary Medicine , Vienna , Austria
| | - Beatrice Grafl
- b Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health , University of Veterinary Medicine , Vienna , Austria
| | - Michael Hess
- a Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Poultry Vaccines (IPOV) , University of Veterinary Medicine , Vienna , Austria.,b Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health , University of Veterinary Medicine , Vienna , Austria
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Abstract
Viral hepatitis in poultry is a complex disease syndrome caused by several viruses belonging to different families including avian hepatitis E virus (HEV), duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV), duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV-1, -2, -3), duck hepatitis virus Types 2 and 3, fowl adenoviruses (FAdV), and turkey hepatitis virus (THV). While these hepatitis viruses share the same target organ, the liver, they each possess unique clinical and biological features. In this article, we aim to review the common and unique features of major poultry hepatitis viruses in an effort to identify the knowledge gaps and aid the prevention and control of poultry viral hepatitis. Avian HEV is an Orthohepevirus B in the family Hepeviridae that naturally infects chickens and consists of three distinct genotypes worldwide. Avian HEV is associated with hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome or big liver and spleen disease in chickens, although the majority of the infected birds are subclinical. Avihepadnaviruses in the family of Hepadnaviridae have been isolated from ducks, snow geese, white storks, grey herons, cranes, and parrots. DHBV evolved with the host as a noncytopathic form without clinical signs and rarely progressed to chronicity. The outcome for DHBV infection varies by the host's ability to elicit an immune response and is dose and age dependent in ducks, thus mimicking the pathogenesis of human hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections and providing an excellent animal model for human HBV. DHAV is a picornavirus that causes a highly contagious virus infection in ducks with up to 100% flock mortality in ducklings under 6 wk of age, while older birds remain unaffected. The high morbidity and mortality has an economic impact on intensive duck production farming. Duck hepatitis virus Types 2 and 3 are astroviruses in the family of Astroviridae with similarity phylogenetically to turkey astroviruses, implicating the potential for cross-species infections between strains. Duck astrovirus (DAstV) causes acute, fatal infections in ducklings with a rapid decline within 1-2 hr and clinical and pathologic signs virtually indistinguishable from DHAV. DAstV-1 has only been recognized in the United Kingdom and recently in China, while DAstV-2 has been reported in ducks in the United States. FAdV, the causative agent of inclusion body hepatitis, is a Group I avian adenovirus in the genus Aviadenovirus. The affected birds have a swollen, friable, and discolored liver, sometimes with necrotic or hemorrhagic foci. Histologic lesions include multifocal necrosis of hepatocytes and acute hepatitis with intranuclear inclusion bodies in the nuclei of the hepatocytes. THV is a picornavirus that is likely the causative agent of turkey viral hepatitis. Currently there are more questions than answers about THV, and the pathogenesis and clinical impacts remain largely unknown. Future research in viral hepatic diseases of poultry is warranted to develop specific diagnostic assays, identify suitable cell culture systems for virus propagation, and develop effective vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Yugo
- A Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0913
| | - Ruediger Hauck
- B Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - H L Shivaprasad
- C California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, University of California-Davis, Tulare, CA 93274
| | - Xiang-Jin Meng
- A Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0913
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Gupta A, Ahmed KA, Ayalew LE, Popowich S, Kurukulasuriya S, Goonewardene K, Gunawardana T, Karunarathna R, Ojkic D, Tikoo SK, Willson P, Gomis S. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of virus-like particles and recombinant fiber proteins in broiler-breeder vaccination against fowl adenovirus (FAdV)-8b. Vaccine 2017; 35:2716-2722. [PMID: 28396209 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.03.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) is an economically important diseases in broiler chicken industry. Several serotypes of fowl adenovirus (FAdV) can cause IBH, among them, serotype FAdV-8b is associated with the majority of the IBH cases in Canada. Here, we evaluated FAdV-8b virus-like particles (VLPs) and recombinant FAdV-8b fiber proteins (expressed in E. coli) as potential broiler-breeder vaccines against IBH. For assessing the immunogenicity of vaccines, we investigated both humoral and cellular immunity. The humoral immune response was evaluated by determining total IgY and virus-neutralizing antibody in serum at 14, 28, 35 and 60days post-immunization (dpi). We examined cellular immunity using flow cytometry by determining CD4:CD8 ratio change in peripheral blood after the booster vaccination. The protective effect of vaccines was tested by challenging 14day-old progeny (n=30/group) carrying maternal antibodies (MtAb) by challenging with virulent FAdV-8b virus (1×107 TCID50, FAdV-8b-SK). Although total IgY levels were comparable in all groups, the neutralizing antibody response in broiler-breeders at 35 and 60 dpi was significantly (p<0.05) higher those vaccinated with FAdV-8b VLPs followed by FAdV-8b fiber compared to fiber-knob. Moreover, vaccines comprised of FAdV-8b VLPs and FAdV-8b fiber rather than FAdV-8b fiber-knob efficiently elicited the cell-mediated immune response as evidenced by a statistically significant (p<0.05) CD8+ T-cell proliferative response in broiler-breeders four days after the booster vaccination. Unlike FAdV-8b fiber-knob, FAdV-8b VLPs, and FAdV-8b fiber vaccinated broiler-breeders were able to transfer a substantial amount (28.4±9%) of MtAb to their progeny. Challenge revealed that MtAb provided 100% and 82.7% protection in progeny hatched from FAdV-8b VLPs, and FAdV-8b fiber vaccinated broiler-breeders, respectively. Collectively, our data suggest that FAdV-8b subunit vaccine-induced MtAb efficiently protected progeny against clinical IBH and broiler-breeder vaccination with subunit vaccines is a potential approach to protect against IBH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Gupta
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Khawaja Ashfaque Ahmed
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Lisanework E Ayalew
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Shelly Popowich
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Shanika Kurukulasuriya
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Kalhari Goonewardene
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Thushari Gunawardana
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Ruwani Karunarathna
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Davor Ojkic
- Animal Health Laboratory, Laboratory Services Division, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Suresh K Tikoo
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, 120 Veterinary Road, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E3, Canada; Vaccinology & Immunotherapeutics Program, School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Philip Willson
- Canadian Centre for Health and Safety in Agriculture, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Susantha Gomis
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
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Immune responses to in ovo vaccine formulations containing inactivated fowl adenovirus 8b with poly[di(sodium carboxylatoethylphenoxy)]phosphazene (PCEP) and avian beta defensin as adjuvants in chickens. Vaccine 2017; 35:981-986. [PMID: 28087147 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) is one of the major viral infections causing substantial economic loss to the global poultry industry. The disease is characterized by a sudden onset of mortality (2-30%) and high morbidity (60-70%). IBH is caused by a number of serotypes of fowl adenovirus with substantially low levels of serotype cross protection. Thus far, there is no effective and safe vaccine commercially available in the North America for the control of IBH in chickens. Poly[di(sodium carboxylatoethylphenoxy)]phosphazene (PCEP) is a high molecular weight, biodegradable water soluble polymer that has been well characterized as a safe and effective adjuvant for a number of experimental veterinary vaccines. Similarly, host defence peptides, including β-defensins, have also been shown to exhibit strong adjuvant potential. In this study, we evaluated the adjuvant activity of PCEP and avian beta defensin (ABD) in a vaccine formulation containing inactivated fowl adenovirus (FAdV) serotype 8b administered in ovo. Our data showed that a combination of PCEP and inactivated virus is capable of inducing a robust and long lasting antibody response. Moreover, significant enhancement of IFN-γ, IFN-α, IL-12(p40) and IL-6 gene expression under the influence of PCEP suggests that as an in ovo adjuvant PCEP has the ability to activate a substantial balanced immune response in chickens. To our knowledge, these are the first studies in which PCEP and ABD have been characterized as adjuvants for the development of an in ovo poultry vaccine. It is expected that these preliminary studies will be helpful in the development of safer and more effective in ovo vaccine against IBH and other infectious diseases affecting chickens.
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Oliver-Ferrando S, Dolz R, Calderón C, Valle R, Rivas R, Pérez M, Biarnés M, Blanco A, Bertran K, Ramis A, Busquets N, Majó N. Epidemiological and pathological investigation of fowl aviadenovirus serotypes 8b and 11 isolated from chickens with inclusion body hepatitis in Spain (2011–2013). Avian Pathol 2016; 46:157-165. [DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2016.1232477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Oliver-Ferrando
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - R. Dolz
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - C. Calderón
- Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná - UENP/CLM, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Bandeirantes, Brazil
| | - R. Valle
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - R. Rivas
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - M. Pérez
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - M. Biarnés
- Centre de Sanitat Avícola de Catalunya (CESAC), Tarragona, Spain
| | - A. Blanco
- Centre de Sanitat Avícola de Catalunya (CESAC), Tarragona, Spain
| | - K. Bertran
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - A. Ramis
- UAB, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - N. Busquets
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - N. Majó
- UAB, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Bellaterra, Spain
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Liu Y, Wan W, Gao D, Li Y, Yang X, Liu H, Yao H, Chen L, Wang C, Zhao J. Genetic characterization of novel fowl aviadenovirus 4 isolates from outbreaks of hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome in broiler chickens in China. Emerg Microbes Infect 2016; 5:e117. [PMID: 27876783 PMCID: PMC5148019 DOI: 10.1038/emi.2016.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Since May 2015, severe outbreaks of hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS) associated with infections of fowl aviadenovirus (FAdV) have emerged in broiler chickens in several Chinese provinces. To identify the genotype and gain a better understanding of the genetic properties of the FAdV strains responsible for the recent HHS outbreaks in China, the complete genome sequences of five isolates from outbreaks of HHS in broiler chickens in five provinces were determined. The results demonstrated that a novel fowl aviadenovirus 4 (FAdV-4) genotype was epidemic in China. To investigate the molecular characteristics of these Chinese FAdV-4 isolates, their genome contents were compared with those of reported pathogenic and non-pathogenic FAdV-4 strains. The comparative analysis revealed that the novel Chinese FAdV-4 isolates contain various genomic deletions and multiple distinct amino-acid mutations in their major structural genes. Two additional putative genetic virulence markers in the fiber 2 gene were identified. These findings confirmed some of the genetic differences between the pathogenic and non-pathogenic FAdV-4 isolates. The data presented in this report will enhance the current understanding of the molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity of FAdV-4 isolates in China and will provide additional insight into the critical factors that determine the pathogenicity of FAdV-4 strains. Finally, the emergence of this novel and highly pathogenic FAdV-4 genotype emphasizes that preventive measures against FAdV-4 infections on poultry farms should be implemented in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanke Liu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan Province, China
| | - Wenyan Wan
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan Province, China
| | - Dongsheng Gao
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan Province, China
| | - Yongtao Li
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan Province, China
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan Province, China
| | - Hongying Liu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan Province, China
| | - Huixia Yao
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan Province, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan Province, China
| | - Chuanqing Wang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan Province, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan Province, China
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Matos M, Grafl B, Liebhart D, Hess M. The outcome of experimentally induced inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) by fowl aviadenoviruses (FAdVs) is crucially influenced by the genetic background of the host. Vet Res 2016; 47:69. [PMID: 27356980 PMCID: PMC4928300 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-016-0350-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) was experimentally induced by oral inoculation of two groups of specific pathogen-free (SPF) broilers and two groups of SPF layers at day-old with either a fowl aviadenovirus (FAdV)-D or a FAdV-E strain. A substantial variation in the degree of susceptibility was observed with mortalities of 100 and 96% in the FAdV-E and D infected SPF broiler groups, respectively, whereas in the groups of infected SPF layers mortalities of only 20 and 8% were noticed. Significant changes in clinical chemistry analytes of all infected birds together with histopathological lesions indicated impairment of liver and pancreas integrity and functions. Furthermore, significantly lower blood glucose concentrations were recorded at peak of infection in both inoculated SPF broiler groups, in comparison to the control group, corresponding to a hypoglycaemic status. High viral loads were determined in liver and pancreas of SPF broilers already at 4 days post-infection (dpi), in comparison to SPF layers, indicating a somewhat faster viral replication in the target organs. Overall, highest values were noticed in the pancreas of SPF broilers independent of the virus used for infection. The actual study provides new insights into the pathogenesis of IBH, a disease evolving to a metabolic disorder, to which SPF broilers were highly susceptible. Hence, this is the first study to report a significant higher susceptibility of SPF broiler chickens to experimentally induced IBH in direct comparison to SPF layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Matos
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Beatrice Grafl
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dieter Liebhart
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Hess
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Poultry Vaccines (IPOV), University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
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Detailed molecular analyses of the hexon loop-1 and fibers of fowl aviadenoviruses reveal new insights into the antigenic relationship and confirm that specific genotypes are involved in field outbreaks of inclusion body hepatitis. Vet Microbiol 2016; 186:13-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Dar A, Tipu M, Townsend H, Potter A, Gerdts V, Tikoo S. Administration of Poly[di(sodium carboxylatoethylphenoxy)phosphazene] (PCEP) and Avian Beta Defensin as Adjuvants in Inactivated Inclusion Body Hepatitis Virus and its Hexon Protein-Based Experimental Vaccine Formulations in Chickens. Avian Dis 2016; 59:518-24. [PMID: 26629626 DOI: 10.1637/11202-052815-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) is one of the major infectious diseases adversely affecting the poultry industry of the United States and Canada. Currently, no effective and safe vaccine is available for the control of IBH virus (IBHV) infection in chickens. However, based on the excellent safety and immunogenic profiles of experimental veterinary vaccines developed with the use of new generation adjuvants, we hypothesized that characterization of vaccine formulations containing inactivated IBHV or its capsid protein hexon as antigens, along with poly[di(sodium carboxylatoethylphenoxy)phosphazene] (PCEP) and avian beta defensin 2 (ABD2) as vaccine adjuvants, will be helpful in development of an effective and safe vaccine formulation for IBH. Our data demonstrated that experimental administration of vaccine formulations containing inactivated IBHV and a mixture of PCEP with or without ABD2 as an adjuvant induced significantly higher antibody responses compared with other vaccine formulations, while hexon protein-based vaccine formulations showed relatively lower levels of antibody responses. Thus, a vaccine formulation containing inactivated IBHV with PCEP or a mixture of PCEP and ABD2 (with a reduced dosage of PCEP) as an adjuvant may serve as a potential vaccine candidate. However, in order to overcome the risks associated with whole virus inactivated vaccines, characterization of additional viral capsid proteins, including fiber protein and penton of IBHV along with hexon protein in combination with more new generation adjuvants, will be helpful in further improvements of vaccines against IBHV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshud Dar
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan SK, Canada S7N 5E3
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Pathogenicity and Complete Genome Characterization of Fowl Adenoviruses Isolated from Chickens Associated with Inclusion Body Hepatitis and Hydropericardium Syndrome in China. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133073. [PMID: 26167857 PMCID: PMC4500579 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we determined and genetically characterized three fowl adenoviruses isolated from chickens with inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) and hydropericardium syndrome (HPS) in China and assessed their pathogenicity. The full genome of HBQ12, BJH13 and JSJ13 was found to be 44,081, 43,966 and 43,756 nucleotides long, respectively. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain HBQ12 and BJH13 were clustered together belonging to fowl adenoviruses D species and serotyped as FAdV-11, whereas strain JSJ13 was classified into fowl adenoviruses C species and serotyped as FAdV-4. To our knowledge, this is the first report of FAdV-4 strain circulating in China. The pathogenicity test showed that mortality for chickens infected with HBQ12 and JSJ13 within 21 days post infection (dpi) was 8.6% and 28.6%, respectively. Necropsy displayed mild or severe hepatitis and hydropericardium at 3 and 5 dpi as well as dead chickens. Viral DNA was detected in almost all tissues sampled from dead chickens. These results revealed that fowl adenovirus strains HBQ12 and JSJ13 are capable of causing IBH and HPS in chickens, indicating that preventive measures against FAdV infection on poultry farms should be implemented in China.
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Rodríguez J, Koga Y, Alvarado A, Tinoco R. Molecular Characterization of Peruvian Fowl Adenovirus (FAdV) Isolates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/aim.2014.410065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Moura-Alvarez J, Chacon JV, Scanavini LS, Nuñez LFN, Astolfi-Ferreira CS, Jones RC, Piantino Ferreira AJ. Enteric viruses in Brazilian turkey flocks: single and multiple virus infection frequency according to age and clinical signs of intestinal disease. Poult Sci 2013; 92:945-55. [PMID: 23472018 PMCID: PMC7107160 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2012-02849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Poult enteritis complex has been associated with enteritis and reduction in growth rates in commercial turkeys worldwide. Intestinal samples from 76 turkey flocks from different Brazilian states affected or not with intestinal disorders were evaluated for the presence of adenovirus groups 1 and 2 (TAV), astrovirus types 1 and 2 (TAstV-1 and TAstV-2), turkey coronavirus (TCoV), reovirus, rotavirus, and avian nephritis virus (ANV) using PCR. The percentage of positive samples was categorized according to the geographic origin, age of the flocks, and presence of clinical signs of intestinal disease. The percentage of samples that were positive for at least one virus was 93.4%, whereas the percentage of samples that were positive for more than one virus was 69.7%. An average of 3.20 viruses per sample was detected in turkeys in the growing phase of the production cycle (1 to 4 wk of age). The TAstV-1 and TCoV were the most frequently observed viruses in growing phase turkeys and occurred simultaneously in 85% of these samples. In turkeys in the finishing phase of development (5 to 18 wk), a lower average number of viruses was observed (2.41), and the most frequent viruses isolated in these turkeys were TAstV-1 (57.1%) and rotavirus (51.8%). Overall, every virus was detected more frequently in growing phase turkeys than in finishing phase turkeys with the exception of TAV. Samples from flocks exhibiting clinical signs of intestinal disease showed a higher rate of positivity, and TAstV-1, TAstV-2, and TCoV were the most frequently occurring viruses in this cohort. Birds without clinical signs most frequently harbored TAstV-1 and rotavirus. Future studies should focus on the description and elucidation of the role of each virus, as well as the pathogenic and immunological implications of the different combinations of viruses in turkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Moura-Alvarez
- Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Wang CJ, Yu S, Ao-Ri-Ge-le, Jia DG, Yao HQ, Zhao HP, Lillehoj HS, Si-Mu-Ji-de, Postnikoff AC, Xu SRGL. Regulation of T lymphocyte subpopulations in specific pathogen-free chickens following experimental fowl adenovirus-ⅧVIII infection. Braz J Microbiol 2012; 43:1281-90. [PMID: 24031954 PMCID: PMC3769008 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822012000400007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2011] [Revised: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-day-old specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens were divided into two groups. Group I was inoculated orally with fowl adenovirus Ⅷ (FAV-Ⅷ). Group II served as a negative control. Chickens were investigated at various days post-inoculation (dpi) by flow cytometric analysis for changes in T lymphocyte subpopulations in immune system and blood. In the thymus, CD3+T lymphocytes were increased at 25 dpi, with significant increases in the FAV infected noted at 1, 12, 20dpi (p<0.05). This was accompanied by a corresponding increase of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. In the spleen, CD3+ and CD4+ T lymphocytes were increased significantly at 30 dpi (p<0.01) whereas CD8+ and TCR γ δ+ T lymphocytes were decreased at 1 (p<0.05), 30 dpi (p<0.01). An increase of CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes was noticed in peripheral blood, and accompanied by a decrease of TCR γ δ+ T lymphocytes. These results demonstrated that infection with FAV-Ⅷ causes significant fluctuations in T lymphocyte subpopulations in thymus, blood and spleen. It can be concluded that an infection with FAV-Ⅷ has profound effects on the immune system, especially on cell mediated immune competency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Jie Wang
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University , Huhhot, Inner Mongolia , China, 010018
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Mase M, Nakamura K, Minami F. Fowl adenoviruses isolated from chickens with inclusion body hepatitis in Japan, 2009-2010. J Vet Med Sci 2012; 74:1087-9. [PMID: 22516693 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.11-0443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nine fowl adenoviruses (FAdVs) isolated from chickens with inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) in Japan from 2009 to 2010 were characterized serologically and genetically. These isolates were all neutralized by antisera against the SR-48 strain (FAdV-2). Phylogenetic analysis based on the part of the hexon gene that included the L1 region revealed that all isolates were almost identical except one isolate in 2009. This suggests a common ancestor for the FAdVs obtained from chickens with IBH in Japan in 2010.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaji Mase
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan.
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Dar A, Gomis S, Shirley I, Mutwiri G, Brownlie R, Potter A, Gerdts V, Tikoo SK. Pathotypic and Molecular Characterization of a Fowl Adenovirus Associated with Inclusion Body Hepatitis in Saskatchewan Chickens. Avian Dis 2012; 56:73-81. [DOI: 10.1637/9764-041911-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Steer PA, O'Rourke D, Ghorashi SA, Noormohammadi AH. Application of high-resolution melting curve analysis for typing of fowl adenoviruses in field cases of inclusion body hepatitis. Aust Vet J 2011; 89:184-92. [PMID: 21495991 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2011.00695.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fowl adenoviruses (FAdVs) cause inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) in chickens. In this study, clinical cases of IBH from Australian broiler flocks were screened for the presence and genotype of FAdVs. METHODS Twenty-six IBH cases from commercial poultry farms were screened. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) coupled with high-resolution melt (HRM) curve analysis (PCR/HRM genotyping) was used to determine the presence and genotype of FAdVs. For comparison, field isolates were also assessed by virus microneutralisation and nucleotide sequence analysis of the hexon loop 1 (Hex L1) gene. PCR detection of chicken anaemia virus (CAV) and infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) was also employed. RESULTS FAdV-8b and FAdV-11 were identified in 13 cases each. In one case, FAdV-1 was also identified. Cross-neutralisation was observed between the FAdV-11 field strain and the reference FAdV-2 and 11 antisera, a result also seen with the type 2 and 11 reference FAdVs. Field strains 1 and 8b were neutralised only by their respective type antisera. The FAdV-8b field strain was identical to the Australian FAdV vaccine strain (type 8b) in the Hex L1 region. The Hex L1 sequence of the FAdV-11 field strain had the highest identity to FAdV-11 (93.2%) and FAdV-2 (92.7%) reference strains. In the five cases tested for CAV and IBDV, neither virus was detected. The evidence suggested the presence of sufficient antibodies against CAV and IBD in the parent flocks and there was no indication of immunosuppression caused by these viruses. CONCLUSION These results indicate that PCR/HRM genotyping is a reliable diagnostic method for FAdV identification and is more rapid than virus neutralisation and direct sequence analysis. Furthermore, they suggest that IBH in Australian broiler flocks is a primary disease resulting from two alternative FAdV strains from different species.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Steer
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia.
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Pizzuto MS, De Battisti C, Marciano S, Capua I, Cattoli G. Pyrosequencing analysis for a rapid classification of fowl adenovirus species. Avian Pathol 2011; 39:391-8. [PMID: 20954016 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2010.510499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A rapid fowl adenovirus (FAdV) classification method based on a 30-bp sequence of the hexon loop (L1) was developed using the pyrosequencing technique. FAdV identification is relevant for epidemiological studies and for the adoption of a correct strategy where vaccination is to be used for the control of the disease. FAdV typing is usually performed using polymerase chain reaction coupled with either conventional DNA sequencing or restriction enzyme analysis; however, both methods can be time consuming and/or very expensive to be used as a routine tool. In the present study, polymerase chain reaction and subsequent pyrosequence analysis of the variable hexon L1 region were assessed in order to rapidly differentiate FAdV species. Forty-nine FAdV samples (22 reference strains and 27 field isolates) were tested and the results were compared with those obtained by conventional DNA sequencing. The results clearly demonstrated that pyrosequence analysis provides a new approach for a rapid differentiation and classification of the FAdV species that is faster, more cost-effective and easier to interpret than other techniques commonly used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Samuele Pizzuto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, OIE/FAO and National Laboratory for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease, OIE Collaborating Centre for Epidemiology Training and Control of Emerging Avian Diseases, Legnaro, (PD), Italy
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Kim JY, Kim JN, Mo IP. Safety and Efficacy of Fowl Adenovirus Serotype-4 Inactivated Oil Emulsion Vaccine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.5536/kjps.2010.37.3.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Kim JN, Byun SH, Kim MJ, Kim JJ, Sung HW, Mo IP. Outbreaks of hydropericardium syndrome and molecular characterization of Korean fowl adenoviral isolates. Avian Dis 2008; 52:526-30. [PMID: 18939647 DOI: 10.1637/8178-112207-case] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Outbreaks ofhydropericardium syndrome (HPS), caused by fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4), have occurred in Korea and caused severe economic loss due to mortality and weight loss. From these outbreaks, several adenoviruses were isolated and identified in samples from broilers, layers, breeders, and native Korean fowl. In pathologic examinations, hydropericardium and multifocal hepatic necrosis, with an intranuclear inclusion body in hepatocytes, were observed. Specific adenovirus particles were also observed in the nucleus of hepatocytes, by electron microscopic examination. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of the hexon gene identified all of the isolates as FAdV, serotype 4 and genotype C. To reproduce FAdV-4 field cases, 8- and 52-week-old specific pathogen free (SPF) chicks were infected intramuscularly with the field isolate CBU070244. The mortality rate of infected chicks ranged from 10%-40%, and specific pathologic lesions, such as swollen livers and hydropericardium, were observed. Further studies to determine the prevalence of infection, and analysis of the economic impact to the poultry industry, are needed in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Nyeo Kim
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 361-763, Korea
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Classification of fowl adenovirus serotypes by use of high-resolution melting-curve analysis of the hexon gene region. J Clin Microbiol 2008; 47:311-21. [PMID: 19036935 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01567-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of fowl adenovirus (FAdV) serotypes is of importance in epidemiological studies of disease outbreaks and the adoption of vaccination strategies. In this study, real-time PCR and subsequent high-resolution melting (HRM)-curve analysis of three regions of the hexon gene were developed and assessed for their potential in differentiating 12 FAdV reference serotypes. The results were compared to previously described PCR and restriction enzyme analyses of the hexon gene. Both HRM-curve analysis of a 191-bp region of the hexon gene and restriction enzyme analysis failed to distinguish a number of serotypes used in this study. In addition, PCR of the region spanning nucleotides (nt) 144 to 1040 failed to amplify FAdV-5 in sufficient quantities for further analysis. However, HRM-curve analysis of the region spanning nt 301 to 890 proved a sensitive and specific method of differentiating all 12 serotypes. All melt curves were highly reproducible, and replicates of each serotype were correctly genotyped with a mean confidence value of more than 99% using normalized HRM curves. Sequencing analysis revealed that each profile was related to a unique sequence, with some sequences sharing greater than 94% identity. Melting-curve profiles were found to be related mainly to GC composition and distribution throughout the amplicons, regardless of sequence identity. The results presented in this study show that the closed-tube method of PCR and HRM-curve analysis provides an accurate, rapid, and robust genotyping technique for the identification of FAdV serotypes and can be used as a model for developing genotyping techniques for other pathogens.
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Ojkic D, Martin E, Swinton J, Vaillancourt JP, Boulianne M, Gomis S. Genotyping of Canadian isolates of fowl adenoviruses. Avian Pathol 2008; 37:95-100. [PMID: 18202956 DOI: 10.1080/03079450701805324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Five hundred and seventy-three clinical submissions with fowl adenovirus (FAdV) involvement were examined to investigate the association of different types of FAdV with clinical problems related to FAdV infection. Samples were received from 2000 to 2006 and originated from seven Canadian provinces. Four hundred and eighty-seven submissions were inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) related, while 86 were not IBH related. Viruses isolated from 287 samples were further analysed by hexon gene loop 1 sequencing. Twenty-seven genotyped FAdVs were from Alberta, 20 from British Columbia, 16 from Manitoba, one from Nova Scotia, 82 from Ontario, 64 from Quebec and 77 from Saskatchewan. Two hundred and forty-six analysed FAdVs were from IBH cases, confirmed by liver histopathology, by FAdV isolation from the liver, or both. Based on hexon gene loop 1 sequencing analysis, FAdVs associated with IBH outbreaks were genetically related to FAdV02 (nine isolates, 99.4%), FAdV08a (100 isolates, 99.4% to 100%) and FAdV11 (98 isolates, 99.4% to 100%). Thirty-nine viruses were 93.7% to 94.3% identical to FAdV07 strain x11a, but the genetic and immunogenic properties of this strain require further investigation. In IBH cases, the co-infection rates for infectious bursal disease virus, infectious bronchitis virus, reoviruses and Newcastle disease virus were 3.47%, 1.04%, 6.25% and 0.69%, respectively. Forty-one genotyped FAdVs were from "non-IBH" cases. Viruses isolated from non-IBH cases consisted of 22 FAdV01, 15 FAdV11, two FAdV08a and one each of FAdV02 and FAdV04 viruses. Co-infection rates in non-IBH submissions were 50.00% for infectious bursal disease virus, 40.70% for infectious bronchitis virus, 27.91% for reoviruses and 1.16% for Newcastle disease virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davor Ojkic
- Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
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