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Huang L, Sun G, Xu W, Li S, Qin X, An Q, Wang Z, Li J. Uranium uptake is mediated markedly by clathrin-mediated endocytosis and induce dose-dependent toxicity in HK-2 cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023:104171. [PMID: 37295740 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to explore the endocytosis mechanisms of uranium uptake in HK-2 cells and its toxic effects. Our results demonstrated that uranium exposure impairs redox homeostasis and increases the permeability of the cell membrane and mitochondrial membrane, which may induce cell apoptosis by cytochrome-c leakage. Alkaline phosphatase activity increased after uranium exposure, which may be involved in the process of intracellular mineralisation of uranium, leading to severe cell necrosis. Furthermore, our findings demonstrated that the clathrin-mediated endocytosis process contributed substantially to uranium uptake in HK-2 cells and the total uranium uptake was highly correlated with cell viability, reaching a high correlation coefficient (r= -0.853) according to Pearson correlation analysis. In conclusion, the uptake of uranium into mammalian cells was mainly facilitated by the clathrin-mediated endocytosis pathway and induced dose-dependent cellular toxicity, including redox homeostasis imbalance, membrane injury, cell apoptosis and necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Huang
- China Institute for Radiation Protection, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Ge Sun
- China Institute for Radiation Protection, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Wenli Xu
- China Institute for Radiation Protection, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Shufang Li
- China Institute for Radiation Protection, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xiujun Qin
- China Institute for Radiation Protection, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Quan An
- China Institute for Radiation Protection, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zhongwen Wang
- Department of Radiation Safety, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, China
| | - Jianguo Li
- China Institute for Radiation Protection, Taiyuan 030006, China
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Ma M, Wang R, Xu L, Xu M, Liu S. Emerging health risks and underlying toxicological mechanisms of uranium contamination: Lessons from the past two decades. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 145:106107. [PMID: 32932066 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Uranium contamination is a global health concern. Regarding natural or anthropogenic uranium contamination, the major sources of concern are groundwater, mining, phosphate fertilizers, nuclear facilities, and military activities. Many epidemiological and laboratory studies have demonstrated that environmental and occupational uranium exposure can induce multifarious health problems. Uranium exposure may cause health risks because of its chemotoxicity and radiotoxicity in natural or anthropogenic scenarios: the former is generally thought to play a more significant role with regard to the natural uranium exposure, and the latter is more relevant to enriched uranium exposure. The understanding of the health risks and underlying toxicological mechanisms of uranium remains at a preliminary stage, and many controversial findings require further research. In order to present state-of-the-art status in this field, this review will primarily focus on the chemotoxicity of uranium, rather than its radiotoxicity, as well as the involved toxicological mechanisms. First, the natural or anthropogenic uranium contamination scenarios will be briefly summarized. Second, the health risks upon natural uranium exposure, for example, nephrotoxicity, bone toxicity, reproductive toxicity, hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and pulmonary toxicity, will be discussed based on the reported epidemiological cases and laboratory studies. Third, the recent advances regarding the toxicological mechanisms of uranium-induced chemotoxicity will be highlighted, including oxidative stress, genetic damage, protein impairment, inflammation, and metabolic disorder. Finally, the gaps and challenges in the knowledge of uranium-induced chemotoxicity and underlying mechanisms will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruixia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lining Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Sijin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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3
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Carmona A, Porcaro F, Somogyi A, Roudeau S, Domart F, Medjoubi K, Aubert M, Isnard H, Nonell A, Rincel A, Paredes E, Vidaud C, Malard V, Bresson C, Ortega R. Cytoplasmic aggregation of uranium in human dopaminergic cells after continuous exposure to soluble uranyl at non-cytotoxic concentrations. Neurotoxicology 2020; 82:35-44. [PMID: 33166614 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2020.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Uranium exposure can lead to neurobehavioral alterations in particular of the monoaminergic system, even at non-cytotoxic concentrations. However, the mechanisms of uranium neurotoxicity after non-cytotoxic exposure are still poorly understood. In particular, imaging uranium in neurons at low intracellular concentration is still very challenging. We investigated uranium intracellular localization by means of synchrotron X-ray fluorescence imaging with high spatial resolution (< 300 nm) and high analytical sensitivity (< 1 μg.g-1 per 300 nm pixel). Neuron-like SH-SY5Y human cells differentiated into a dopaminergic phenotype were continuously exposed, for seven days, to a non-cytotoxic concentration (10 μM) of soluble natural uranyl. Cytoplasmic submicron uranium aggregates were observed accounting on average for 62 % of the intracellular uranium content. In some aggregates, uranium and iron were co-localized suggesting common metabolic pathways between uranium and iron storage. Uranium aggregates contained no calcium or phosphorous indicating that detoxification mechanisms in neuron-like cells are different from those described in bone or kidney cells. Uranium intracellular distribution was compared to fluorescently labeled organelles (lysosomes, early and late endosomes) and to fetuin-A, a high affinity uranium-binding protein. A strict correlation could not be evidenced between uranium and the labeled organelles, or with vesicles containing fetuin-A. Our results indicate a new mechanism of uranium cytoplasmic aggregation after non-cytotoxic uranyl exposure that could be involved in neuronal defense through uranium sequestration into less reactive species. The remaining soluble fraction of uranium would be responsible for protein binding and for the resulting neurotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuncion Carmona
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CENBG, UMR 5797, F-33170 Gradignan, France.
| | | | - Andrea Somogyi
- Nanoscopium, Synchrotron SOLEIL Saint-Aubin, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Stéphane Roudeau
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CENBG, UMR 5797, F-33170 Gradignan, France
| | - Florelle Domart
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CENBG, UMR 5797, F-33170 Gradignan, France
| | - Kadda Medjoubi
- Nanoscopium, Synchrotron SOLEIL Saint-Aubin, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Michel Aubert
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Service d'Etudes Analytiques Et De Réactivité Des Surfaces, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Hélène Isnard
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Service d'Etudes Analytiques Et De Réactivité Des Surfaces, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Anthony Nonell
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Service d'Etudes Analytiques Et De Réactivité Des Surfaces, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Anaïs Rincel
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Service d'Etudes Analytiques Et De Réactivité Des Surfaces, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Eduardo Paredes
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Service d'Etudes Analytiques Et De Réactivité Des Surfaces, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Claude Vidaud
- CEA, BIAM, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies d'Aix-Marseille, CEA-Marcoule, 30207 Bagnols Sur Cèze, France
| | - Véronique Malard
- Aix Marseille Univ., CEA, CNRS, BIAM, IPM, Saint Paul-Lez-Durance F-13108, France
| | - Carole Bresson
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Service d'Etudes Analytiques Et De Réactivité Des Surfaces, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Richard Ortega
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CENBG, UMR 5797, F-33170 Gradignan, France.
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Cleveland D, Hinck JE, Lankton JS. Assessment of chronic low-dose elemental and radiological exposures of biota at the Kanab North uranium mine site in the Grand Canyon watershed. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2019; 15:112-125. [PMID: 30136757 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
High-grade U ore deposits are in various stages of exploitation across the Grand Canyon watershed, yet the effects of U mining on ecological and cultural resources are largely unknown. We characterized the concentrations of Al, As, Bi, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Pb, Hg, Mo, Ni, Se, Ag, Tl, Th, U, and Zn, gross alpha and beta activities, and U and Th radioisotopes in soil, vegetation (Hesperostipa comata, Artemisia tridentata, Tamarix chinensis), and rodents (Peromyscus maniculatus, P. boylii) to waste material at the Kanab North mine, a mine with decades-long surficial contamination, and compared the concentrations (P < 0.01) to those at a premining site (Canyon Mine). Rodent tissues were also analyzed for radium-226 and microscopic lesions. Radioactivities and some elemental concentrations (e.g., Co, Pb, U) were greater in the Kanab North mine biological samples than in Canyon Mine biota, indicating a mining-related elemental signature. Mean rodent Ra-226 (111 Bq/kg dry weight [dry wt]) was 3 times greater than expected, indicating radioactive disequilibrium. Multiple soil sample U concentrations exceeded a screening benchmark, growth inhibition thresholds for sensitive plants, and an EC20 for a soil arthropod. Lesions associated with metals exposure were also observed more frequently in rodents at Kanab North than those at Canyon Mine but could not be definitively attributed to U mining. Our results indicate that Kanab North biota have taken up U mining-related elements owing to chronic exposure to surficial contamination. However, no literature-based effects thresholds for small rodents were exceeded, and only a few soil and vegetation thresholds for sensitive species were exceeded; therefore, adverse effects to biota from U mining-related elements at Kanab North are unlikely despite chronic exposure. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2019;15:112-125. Published 2018. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Cleveland
- US Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Jo Ellen Hinck
- US Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Julia S Lankton
- US Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, Wisconsin
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5
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Chauhan V, Said Z, Daka J, Sadi B, Bijlani D, Marchetti F, Beaton D, Gaw A, Li C, Burtt J, Leblanc J, Desrosiers M, Stuart M, Brossard M, Vuong NQ, Wilkins R, Qutob S, McNamee J, Wang Y, Yauk C. Is there a role for the adverse outcome pathway framework to support radiation protection? Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 95:225-232. [PMID: 30373433 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1532617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In 2012, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) formally launched the Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) Programme. The AOP framework has the potential for predictive utility in identifying early biological endpoints linked to adverse effects. It uses the weight of correlative evidence to identify a minimal set of measurable key events that link molecular initiating events to an adverse outcome. AOPs have the capability to identify knowledge gaps and priority areas for future research based on relevance to an adverse outcome. In addition, AOPs can identify pathways that are common among multiple stressors, thereby allowing for the possibility of refined risk assessments based on co-exposure considerations. The AOP framework is increasingly being used in chemical and ecological risk assessment; however, its use in the development of radiation-specific pathways has yet to be fully explored. To bring awareness of the AOP framework to the Canadian radiation community, a workshop was held in Canada in June 2018 that brought together radiation experts from Health Canada, the Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, and the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission. METHODS The purpose of the workshop was to share knowledge on the AOP framework, specifically (1) to introduce the concept of the AOP framework and its possible utility to Canadian radiation experts; (2) to provide examples on how it has advanced risk assessment; (3) to discuss an illustrative example specific to ionizing radiation; and lastly (4) to identify the broad benefits and challenges of the AOP framework to the radiation community. RESULTS The participants showed interest in the framework, case examples were described and areas of challenge were identified. Herein, we summarize the outcomes of the workshop. CONCLUSIONS Overall, participants agreed that by building AOPs in the radiation field, a network of data-sharing initiatives will enhance our interpretation of existing knowledge where current scientific evidence is minimal. They would provide new avenues to understand effects at low-dose and dose-rates and help to quantify the combined effect of multiple stressors on shared mechanistic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinita Chauhan
- a Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau , Health Canada , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - Zakaria Said
- a Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau , Health Canada , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada.,b Radiation Protection Bureau , Health Canada , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - Joseph Daka
- b Radiation Protection Bureau , Health Canada , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - Baki Sadi
- b Radiation Protection Bureau , Health Canada , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - Deepti Bijlani
- b Radiation Protection Bureau , Health Canada , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - Francesco Marchetti
- e Environmental Health Sciences and Research Bureau , Health Canada , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - Danielle Beaton
- f Canadian Nuclear Laboratories , Chalk River , Ontario , Canada
| | - Adelene Gaw
- b Radiation Protection Bureau , Health Canada , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - Chunsheng Li
- b Radiation Protection Bureau , Health Canada , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - Julie Burtt
- d Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - Julie Leblanc
- d Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - Marc Desrosiers
- b Radiation Protection Bureau , Health Canada , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - Marilyne Stuart
- f Canadian Nuclear Laboratories , Chalk River , Ontario , Canada
| | - Mathieu Brossard
- c Regulatory Operations and Regions Branch , Health Canada , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - Ngoc Q Vuong
- b Radiation Protection Bureau , Health Canada , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - Ruth Wilkins
- a Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau , Health Canada , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - Sami Qutob
- a Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau , Health Canada , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - James McNamee
- a Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau , Health Canada , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - Yi Wang
- f Canadian Nuclear Laboratories , Chalk River , Ontario , Canada
| | - Carole Yauk
- e Environmental Health Sciences and Research Bureau , Health Canada , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
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6
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Berthet S, Villiers F, Alban C, Serre NBC, Martin-Laffon J, Figuet S, Boisson AM, Bligny R, Kuntz M, Finazzi G, Ravanel S, Bourguignon J. Arabidopsis thaliana plants challenged with uranium reveal new insights into iron and phosphate homeostasis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 217:657-670. [PMID: 29165807 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Uranium (U) is a naturally occurring radionuclide that is toxic to plants. It is known to interfere with phosphate nutrition and to modify the expression of iron (Fe)-responsive genes. The transporters involved in the uptake of U from the environment are unknown. Here, we addressed whether IRT1, a high-affinity Fe2+ transporter, could contribute to U uptake in Arabidopsis thaliana. An irt1 null mutant was grown hydroponically in different conditions of Fe bioavailability and phosphate supply, and challenged with uranyl. Several physiological parameters (fitness, photosynthesis) were measured to evaluate the response to U treatment. We found that IRT1 is not a major route for U uptake in our experimental conditions. However, the analysis of irt1 indicated that uranyl interferes with Fe and phosphate homeostasis at different levels. In phosphate-sufficient conditions, the absence of the cation chelator EDTA in the medium has drastic consequences on the physiology of irt1, with important symptoms of Fe deficiency in chloroplasts. These effects are counterbalanced by U, probably because the radionuclide competes with Fe for complexation with phosphate and thus releases active Fe for metabolic and biogenic processes. Our study reveals that challenging plants with U is useful to decipher the complex interplay between Fe and phosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Berthet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INRA, BIG-LPCV, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Florent Villiers
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INRA, BIG-LPCV, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Claude Alban
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INRA, BIG-LPCV, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Nelson B C Serre
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INRA, BIG-LPCV, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Sylvie Figuet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INRA, BIG-LPCV, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Anne-Marie Boisson
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INRA, BIG-LPCV, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Richard Bligny
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INRA, BIG-LPCV, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Marcel Kuntz
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INRA, BIG-LPCV, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Giovanni Finazzi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INRA, BIG-LPCV, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Stéphane Ravanel
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INRA, BIG-LPCV, 38000, Grenoble, France
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7
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Bucher G, Mounicou S, Simon O, Floriani M, Lobinski R, Frelon S. Different uranium distribution patterns in cytosolic protein pool of zebrafish gills after chronic and acute waterborne exposures. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 111:412-417. [PMID: 24997946 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.03.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of uranium (U) to aquatic organisms depends notably on its compartmentalization in organs, tissues, cells as well as on its distribution among biomolecules. In order to contribute to the understanding of U accumulation and associated toxicity mechanisms in case of waterborne exposure, this study focused on U fate in the gills epithelia, uptake pathway, of the fish model Danio rerio (zebrafish). U distribution among cytosolic biomolecules was investigated after no addition (0μgL(-)(1) (c0) for 3 and 30d), chronic (20μgL(-)(1) (c20) for 30d) and acute (20μgL(-)(1) (c20) and 250μgL(-)(1) (c250) for 3d) exposures to depleted U. Cytosolic U accounted for an average of 24-32% of gills burden for c20 and c250, respectively. Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) coupled with Inductively Coupled Plasma-Sector Field Mass Spectrometry (ICP-SFMS) allowed identification of ecotoxicologically relevant U-containing fractions among cytosolic biomolecules as a function of exposure conditions. In c0 and c20 samples, most U (ca.80%) was found in the Low Molecular Weight fraction (LMW, <18kDa), often considered as a detoxifying fraction. In c250 exposed fish, U was equally distributed between LMW (40%) and High Molecular Weight (HMW, 150-670kDa; 40%) fractions, the latter including sensitive metalloproteins. Uranium-biomolecules were co-eluted with endogenous essential metal (Fe, Cu and Zn) species, however, no major influence on their cytosolic concentration and distribution pattern among cytosolic proteins was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Bucher
- IRSN/PRP-ENV/SERIS, Laboratoire de Biogéochimie, Biodisponibilité et Transferts des radionucléides, BP3, 13115 St Paul lez Durance Cedex, France; LCABIE, UMR5254, Technopôle Hélioparc Pau Pyrénées, 2 avenue du Président Angot, 64053 Pau Cedex 09, France
| | - Sandra Mounicou
- LCABIE, UMR5254, Technopôle Hélioparc Pau Pyrénées, 2 avenue du Président Angot, 64053 Pau Cedex 09, France
| | - Olivier Simon
- IRSN/PRP-ENV/SERIS, Laboratoire de Biogéochimie, Biodisponibilité et Transferts des radionucléides, BP3, 13115 St Paul lez Durance Cedex, France
| | - Magali Floriani
- IRSN/PRP-ENV/SERIS, Laboratoire de Biogéochimie, Biodisponibilité et Transferts des radionucléides, BP3, 13115 St Paul lez Durance Cedex, France
| | - Ryszard Lobinski
- LCABIE, UMR5254, Technopôle Hélioparc Pau Pyrénées, 2 avenue du Président Angot, 64053 Pau Cedex 09, France
| | - Sandrine Frelon
- IRSN/PRP-ENV/SERIS, Laboratoire de Biogéochimie, Biodisponibilité et Transferts des radionucléides, BP3, 13115 St Paul lez Durance Cedex, France.
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8
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Frelon S, Mounicou S, Lobinski R, Gilbin R, Simon O. Subcellular fractionation and chemical speciation of uranium to elucidate its fate in gills and hepatopancreas of crayfish Procambarus clarkii. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 91:481-490. [PMID: 23332674 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/08/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of the organ and subcellular distribution of metals in organisms is fundamental for the understanding of their uptake, storage, elimination and toxicity. Detoxification via MTLP and MRG formation and chelation by some proteins are necessary to better assess the metal toxic fraction in aquatic organisms. This work focused on uranium, natural element mainly used in nuclear industry, and its subcellular fractionation and chemical speciation to elucidate its accumulation pattern in gills and hepatopancreas of crayfish Procambarus clarkii, key organs of uptake and detoxification, respectively. Crayfish waterborne exposure was performed during 4 and 10d at 0, 30, 600 and 4000 μg UL(-1). After tissue dissection, uranium subcellular fractionation was performed by successive ultracentrifugations. SEC-ICP MS was used to study uranium speciation in cytosolic fraction. The uranium subcellular partitioning patterns varied according to the target organ studied and its biological function in the organism. The cytosolic fraction accounted for 13-30% of the total uranium amount in gills and 35-75% in hepatopancreas. The uranium fraction coeluting with MTLPs in gills and hepatopancreas cytosols showed that roughly 55% of uranium remained non-detoxified and thus potentially toxic in the cytosol. Furthermore, the sum of uranium amount in organelle fractions and in the non-detoxified part of cytosol, possibly equivalent to available fraction, accounted for 20% (gills) and 57% (hepatopancreas) of the total uranium. Finally, the SEC-ICP MS analysis provided information on potential competition of U for biomolecules similar than the ones involved in endogenous essential metal (Fe, Cu) chelation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Frelon
- IRSN/PRP-ENV/SERIS, Laboratoire de Biogéochimie, Biodisponibilité et Transfert des Radionucléides, BP3, 13115 St Paul lez Durance, France.
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9
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Frazier KS, Seely JC, Hard GC, Betton G, Burnett R, Nakatsuji S, Nishikawa A, Durchfeld-Meyer B, Bube A. Proliferative and nonproliferative lesions of the rat and mouse urinary system. Toxicol Pathol 2012; 40:14S-86S. [PMID: 22637735 DOI: 10.1177/0192623312438736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The INHAND Project (International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria for Lesions in Rats and Mice) is a joint initiative of the Societies of Toxicologic Pathology from Europe (ESTP), Great Britain (BSTP), Japan (JSTP), and North America (STP) to develop an internationally accepted nomenclature for proliferative and nonproliferative lesions in laboratory animals. The purpose of this publication is to provide a standardized nomenclature for classifying lesions observed in the urinary tract of rats and mice. The standardized nomenclature of urinary tract lesions presented in this document is also available electronically on the Internet (http://www.goreni.org/). Sources of material included histopathology databases from government, academia, and industrial laboratories throughout the world. Content includes spontaneous developmental and aging lesions as well as those induced by exposure to test materials. A widely accepted and utilized international harmonization of nomenclature for urinary tract lesions in laboratory animals will decrease confusion among regulatory and scientific research organizations in different countries and provide a common language to increase and enrich international exchanges of information among toxicologists and pathologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendall S Frazier
- GlaxoSmithKline-Safety Assessment, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, USA.
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10
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Tessier C, Suhard D, Rebière F, Souidi M, Dublineau I, Agarande M. Uranium microdistribution in renal cortex of rats after chronic exposure: a study by secondary ion mass spectrometry microscopy. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2012; 18:123-33. [PMID: 22217926 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927611012384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
For a few years, the biological effects on ecosystems and the public of the bioaccumulation of radionuclides in situations of chronic exposures have been studied. This work, in keeping with the ENVIRHOM French research program, presents the uranium microdistribution by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) technique in the renal cortex of rats following chronic exposure to this low level element in the drinking water (40 mg/L) as a function to exposure duration (6, 9, 12, and 18 months). The SIMS mass spectra and 238U+ ion images produced with a SIMS CAMECA 4F-E7 show the kinetic of uranium accumulation in the different structures of the kidney. For the rats contaminated up to 12 months, the radioelement is mainly fixed in the proximal tubules; then after 18 exposure months, uranium is detected in all the segments of the nephron. This work has also shown that ion microscopy is an analytical method to detect trace elements and give elemental cartography at the micrometer scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Tessier
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, DRPH, SDI, LRC, BP 17, F-92262 Fontenay aux Roses Cedex, France.
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Canu IG, Laurent O, Pires N, Laurier D, Dublineau I. Health effects of naturally radioactive water ingestion: the need for enhanced studies. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2011; 119:1676-80. [PMID: 21810556 PMCID: PMC3261972 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1003224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiological pollution is a potentially important aspect of water quality. However, relatively few studies have been conducted to document its possible health effects. OBJECTIVE In this commentary we discuss available epidemiological findings and related data from experimental studies concerning the health effects of naturally radioactive water ingestion. DISCUSSION Despite modest epidemiological evidence of uranium nephrotoxicity and radium effects on bone, available data are not sufficient to quantify the health effects of naturally occurring radionuclides in water. Methodological limitations (exposure measurement methods, control for confounding, sample size) affect most studies. Power calculations should be conducted before launching new epidemiological studies focusing on late pathological outcomes. Studies based on biomarkers of exposure and adverse effects may be helpful but should involve more specific molecules than biomarkers used in previous studies. Experimental data on ingestion of drinking water are limited to uranium studies, and there is some disagreement between these studies about the nephrotoxicity threshold. CONCLUSION Further experimental and enhanced epidemiological studies should help to reduce uncertainties resulting from dose estimation to dose-response characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Guseva Canu
- Service de Radiobiologie et Epidémiologie, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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Mitchell E, Frisbie S, Sarkar B. Exposure to multiple metals from groundwater-a global crisis: geology, climate change, health effects, testing, and mitigation. Metallomics 2011; 3:874-908. [PMID: 21766119 DOI: 10.1039/c1mt00052g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents an overview of the global extent of naturally occurring toxic metals in groundwater. Adverse health effects attributed to the toxic metals most commonly found in groundwater are reviewed, as well as chemical, biochemical, and physiological interactions between these metals. Synergistic and antagonistic effects that have been reported between the toxic metals found in groundwater and the dietary trace elements are highlighted, and common behavioural, cultural, and dietary practices that are likely to significantly modify health risks due to use of metal-contaminated groundwater are reviewed. Methods for analytical testing of samples containing multiple metals are discussed, with special attention to analytical interferences between metals and reagents. An overview is presented of approaches to providing safe water when groundwater contains multiple metallic toxins.
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Dingwall S, Mills CE, Phan N, Taylor K, Boreham DR. Human Health and the Biological Effects of Tritium in Drinking Water: Prudent Policy Through Science - Addressing the ODWAC New Recommendation. Dose Response 2011; 9:6-31. [PMID: 21431084 PMCID: PMC3057633 DOI: 10.2203/dose-response.10-048.boreham] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Tritium is a radioactive form of hydrogen and is a by-product of energy production in Canadian Deuterium Uranium (CANDU) reactors. The release of this radioisotope into the environment is carefully managed at CANDU facilities in order to minimize radiation exposure to the public. However, under some circumstances, small accidental releases to the environment can occur. The radiation doses to humans and non-human biota from these releases are low and orders of magnitude less than doses received from naturally occurring radioisotopes or from manmade activities, such as medical imaging and air travel. There is however a renewed interest in the biological consequences of low dose tritium exposures and a new limit for tritium levels in Ontario drinking water has been proposed. The Ontario Drinking Water Advisory Council (ODWAC) issued a formal report in May 2009 in response to a request by the Minister of the Environment, concluding that the Ontario Drinking Water Quality Standard for tritium should be revised from the current 7,000 Bq/L level to a new, lower 20 Bq/L level. In response to this recommendation, an international scientific symposium was held at McMaster University to address the issues surrounding this change in direction and the validity of a new policy. Scientists, regulators, government officials, and industrial stakeholders were present to discuss the potential health risks associated with low level radiation exposure from tritium. The regulatory, economic, and social implications of the new proposed limit were also considered.The new recommendation assumed a linear-no-threshold model to calculate carcinogenic risk associated with tritium exposure, and considered tritium as a non-threshold chemical carcinogen. Both of these assumptions are highly controversial given that recent research suggests that low dose exposures have thresholds below which there are no observable detrimental effects. Furthermore, mutagenic and carcinogenic risk calculated from tritium exposure at 20 Bq/L would be orders of magnitude less than that from exposure to natural background sources of radiation. The new proposed standard would set the radiation dose limit for drinking water to 0.0003 mSv/year, which is equivalent to approximately three times the dose from naturally occurring tritium in drinking water. This new standard is incongruent with national and international standards for safe levels of radiation exposure, currently set at 1 mSv/year for the general public. Scientific research from leading authorities on the carcinogenic health effects of tritium exposure supports the notion that the current standard of 7,000 Bq/L (annual dose of 0.1 mSv) is a safe standard for human health.Policy-making for the purpose of regulating tritium levels in drinking water is a dynamic multi-stage process that is influenced by more than science alone. Ethics, economics, and public perception also play important roles in policy development; however, these factors sometimes undermine the scientific evidence that should form the basis of informed decision making. Consequently, implementing a new standard without a scientific basis may lead the public to perceive that risks from tritium have been historically underestimated. It was concluded that the new recommendation is not supported by any new scientific insight regarding negative consequences of low dose effects, and may be contrary to new data on the potential benefits of low dose effects. Given the lack of cost versus benefit analysis, this type of dramatic policy change could have detrimental effects to society from an ethical, economical, and public perception perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dingwall
- Department of Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, CAN, L8S 4K1
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Affiliation(s)
- Reagan McRae
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Pritha Bagchi
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - S. Sumalekshmy
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Christoph J. Fahrni
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
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Frelon S, Guipaud O, Mounicou S, Lobinski R, Delissen O, Paquet F. In vivo screening of proteins likely to bind uranium in exposed rat kidney. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2009. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.2009.1619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Uranium is a naturally abundant element which has been used in several industries. Internal exposure could occur via three main pathways that are ingestion, inhalation and wounds. It has been recently shown that chronic ingestion of uranium in drinking water induces an important uranium accumulation in kidney with a perturbation of iron metabolism in this organ.
Whereas uranium speciation is a key parameter to elucidate the chemical reactivity and the mobility of an element, it remains poorly documented in most of environmental and biological media. A few examples of uranium complexation with biomolecules have been published recently but most of them are in vitro studies whereas in vivo experiments remain poorly investigated.
In order to better understand possible competition of uranium towards metals involved in the metal-protein binding, i.e. iron, copper, calcium, a study on uranium speciation was investigated by doing an in vivo screening of target proteins likely to bind it in kidneys of exposed rats. Rats were chronically exposed via contaminated drinking water at 40 mg L-1 and killed 9 months after the beginning of exposure. Kidneys were dissected out and protein extract was prepared. Then, separation of renal proteins by isoelectric focusing gel electrophoresis (IEF) and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) followed by LA-ICPMS analysis were performed.
IEF-LA-ICP MS showed that uranium could specifically bind few proteins in kidney whereas 2-DE-LA-ICP MS could indicate that uranium is not covalently bound to proteins in this organ. The results suggested that even at moderate concentrations of exposure, uranium can be observed chelated with some renal proteins that is very encouraging to understand the entry, storage and elimination of this element in kidneys.
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Bergeron RJ, Wiegand J, Singh S. Desferrithiocin analogue uranium decorporation agents. Int J Radiat Biol 2009; 85:348-61. [PMID: 19399680 DOI: 10.1080/09553000902781089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous systematic structure-activity studies of the desferrithiocin (DFT) platform have allowed the design and synthesis of analogues and derivatives of DFT that retain the exceptional iron-clearing activity of the parent, while eliminating its adverse effects. We hypothesized that a similar approach could be adopted to identify DFT-related analogues that could effectively decorporate uranium. MATERIALS AND METHODS The decorporation properties of nine DFT-related analogues were determined in a bile duct-cannulated rat model. Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) served as a positive control. Selected ligands also underwent multiple and delayed dosing regimens. Uranium excretion in urine and bile or stool was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS); tissue levels of uranium were also assessed. RESULTS The two best clinical candidates are (S)-4,5-dihydro-2-[2-hydroxy-4-(3,6,9-trioxadecyloxy)phenyl]-4-methyl-4-thiazolecarboxylic acid [(S)-4'-(HO)-DADFT-PE (9)], with a 57% reduction in kidney uranium levels on oral (p.o.) administration and (S)-4,5-dihydro-2-[2-hydroxy-3-(3,6,9-trioxadecyloxy)phenyl]-4-methyl-4-thiazolecarboxylic acid [(S)-3'-(HO)-DADFT-PE (10)], with a 62% renal reduction on p.o. administration. The majority of the metal excretion promoted by these analogues is in the bile, thus further reducing kidney actinide exposure. CONCLUSIONS While 9 administered p.o. or subcutaneously (s.c.) immediately post-metal is an effective decorporation agent, withholding the dose (s.c.) until 4 h reduced the activity of the compound. Conversion of 9 to its isopropyl ester may circumvent this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond J Bergeron
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0485, USA.
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Marques SM, Antunes SC, Pissarra H, Pereira ML, Gonçalves F, Pereira R. Histopathological changes and erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities in Iberian green frogs (Rana perezi Seoane) from a uranium mine pond. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2009; 91:187-195. [PMID: 18541315 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2008.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2008] [Accepted: 04/19/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In spite of their sensitivity to anthropogenic stressors, adults of Rana perezi Seoane were found inhabiting effluent ponds from a uranium mine. Due to the presence of such organisms in this environment, it becomes of paramount importance to assess the damages induced by local contamination on these aquatic vertebrates, in order to integrate this information on a site-specific risk assessment that is being carried out in the area. To attain this purpose an ethically and statistically acceptable number of green frogs were captured in the mine pond (M) and in a pristine river (VR), a few kilometres from the mine. Bioaccumulation of metals and histopathological alterations were evaluated in the liver, kidneys, spleen, lungs and testes of the animals. Simultaneously, blood samples were collected for the evaluation of genotoxic damage on erythrocytes. Animals captured in the M pond showed significantly increased levels of Be, Al, Mn, Fe and U in the liver, as well as Pb and U in the kidney. The liver was the main target organ for the bioaccumulation of Be, Al, Fe and U. However, renal histopathologies were more severe than those of liver. The main tissue alterations recorded in animals from the mine were: a slight increase in melanomacrophagic centers (MMC) in liver, lung and kidneys; dilatation of the renal tubules lumen associated with tubular necrosis. A significantly higher number of erythrocytic abnormalities (lobed, notched and kidney shaped nuclei and micronuclei) were recorded in frogs from M than in frogs from VR, along with a significantly lower frequency of immature erythrocytes. Both observations suggested that the removal of abnormal blood cells might be compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Marques
- Departamento de Biologia/Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Campus de Santiago, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Berradi H, Bertho JM, Dudoignon N, Mazur A, Grandcolas L, Baudelin C, Grison S, Voisin P, Gourmelon P, Dublineau I. Renal Anemia Induced by Chronic Ingestion of Depleted Uranium in Rats. Toxicol Sci 2008; 103:397-408. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfn052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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