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Ferreira-Lucena LR, Xavier AISF, Netto AM, Magnata SDSLP, Siqueira Lima G, Amaral A. Extending culture time to improve Mitotic Index for cytogenetic dosimetry. Int J Radiat Biol 2024; 100:1029-1040. [PMID: 38787719 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2024.2356545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the effects of extending lymphocyte cultivation time on the Mitotic Index, frequency of first-division cells, and dose estimation after irradiating blood samples with different doses of radiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Blood samples from two healthy male volunteers were separately irradiated with three doses (3, 5, and 6 Gy) using a 60Co gamma source (average dose rate: 1.48 kGy.h-1) and cultivated in vitro for conventional (48 h) and extended (56, 68, and 72 h) amounts of time. Colcemid (0.01 µg.mL-1) was added at the beginning of the culture period. Cells were fixed, stained with fluorescence plus Giemsa (FPG), and analyzed under a light microscope. The effects of prolonged culture duration on the Mitotic Index (MI), frequency of first-division cells (M1 cells), and the First-Division Mitotic Index (FDMI) were investigated. The estimation of delivered doses was conducted using a conventional 48h-culture calibration curve. RESULTS Overall, cells presented higher MI (up to 12-fold) with the extension of culture, while higher radiation doses led to lower MI values (up to 80% reduction at 48 h). Cells irradiated with higher doses (5 and 6 Gy) had the most significant increase (5- to 12-fold) of MI as the cultivation was prolonged. The frequency of M1 cells decreased with the prolongation of culture for all doses (up to 75% reduction), while irradiated cells presented higher frequencies of M1 cells than non-irradiated ones. FDMI increased for all irradiated cultures but most markedly in those irradiated with higher doses (up to 10-fold). The conventional 48h-culture calibration curve proved adequate for assessing the delivered dose based on dicentric frequency following a 72-hour culture. CONCLUSION Compared to the conventional 48-hour protocol, extending the culture length to 72 hours significantly increased the Mitotic Index and the number of first-division metaphases of irradiated lymphocytes, providing slides with a better scorable metaphase density. Extending the culture time to 72 hours, combined with FPG staining to score exclusively first-division metaphases, improved the counting of dicentric chromosomes. The methodology presented and discussed in this study can be a powerful tool for dicentric-based biodosimetry, especially when exposure to high radiation doses is involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Rodolfo Ferreira-Lucena
- Nuclear Energy Department, Laboratory of Modeling and Biological Dosimetry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - André Maciel Netto
- Nuclear Energy Department, Laboratory of Modeling and Biological Dosimetry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Giovanna Siqueira Lima
- Nuclear Energy Department, Laboratory of Modeling and Biological Dosimetry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Ademir Amaral
- Nuclear Energy Department, Laboratory of Modeling and Biological Dosimetry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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Vinnikov VA. Effect of changing the radiation dose range on the in vitro cytogenetic dose response to gamma-rays. Int J Radiat Biol 2024; 100:875-889. [PMID: 38647504 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2024.2338511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the distortion of the linear quadratic (LQ) model of in vitro cytogenetic dose response over an extended range of γ-ray doses by analyzing the available literature data, and to establish the dose ranges, in which the LQ dose response curve (DRC) can be most accurately fitted for biological dosimetry. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data on yields of dicentrics (Dic) or dicentrics plus centric rings (Dic + CR) induced in vitro in human lymphocytes by acute γ-rays were extracted from 108 open sources. The overall dose response dataset in the dose range up to 50 Gy was fitted to a fractional-rational (FR) model, which included a 'basic' LQ function in the numerator, and a reduction factor dependent on the square of the dose in the denominator. Cytogenetic dose response data obtained at Grigoriev Institute for Medical Radiology, Kharkiv, Ukraine (GIMRO) in the range 0.1 - 20.3 Gy acute γ-rays were fitted to the LQ model with the progressive changing minimum or maximum radiation dose. RESULTS The overall dose response, as expected, followed the LQ function in the dose range ≤5 Gy, but in the extended dose range appeared to be S-shaped, with intensive saturation and a plateau at doses ≥22 Gy. Coefficients of the 'basic' LQ equation in FR model were very close to many published DRCs; calculated asymptote was 17. Fitting of the GIMRO dataset to the LQ model with the shift of the dose range showed the increase in linear coefficient with the increment of either minimum or maximum radiation dose, while the decline of the quadratic coefficient was regulated mostly by the increase of the highest dose. The best goodness of fit, assessed by lower χ2 values, occurred for dose ranges 0.1 - 1.0 Gy; 0.5 - 5.9 Gy; 1.0 - 7.8 Gy; 2.0 - 9.6 Gy, 3.9 - 16.4 Gy and 5.9 - 20.3 Gy. The 'see-saw' effect in changes of LQ coefficients was confirmed by re-fitting datasets published by other laboratories. CONCLUSIONS The classical LQ model with fixed coefficients appears to have limited applicability for cytogenetic dosimetry at radiation doses >5 Gy due to the saturation of the dose response. Different response of the LQ coefficients to the changes of the dose range must be considered during the DRC construction. Proper selection of minimum and maximum dose in calibration experiments makes it possible to improve the goodness of fit of the LQ DRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr A Vinnikov
- S.P. Grigoriev Institute for Medical Radiology and Oncology, National Academy of Medical Science of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Centre of Slovak Academy of Science, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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Kwak SY, Park JH, Won HY, Jang H, Lee SB, Jang WI, Park S, Kim MJ, Shim S. CXCL10 upregulation in radiation-exposed human peripheral blood mononuclear cells as a candidate biomarker for rapid triage after radiation exposure. Int J Radiat Biol 2024; 100:541-549. [PMID: 38227479 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2295300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE In case of a nuclear accident, individuals with high-dose radiation exposure (>1-2 Gy) should be rapidly identified. While ferredoxin reductase (FDXR) was recently suggested as a radiation-responsive gene, the use of a single gene biomarker limits radiation dose assessment. To overcome this limitation, we sought to identify reliable radiation-responsive gene biomarkers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from mice after total body irradiation, and gene expression was analyzed using a microarray approach to identify radiation-responsive genes. RESULTS In light of the essential role of the immune response following radiation exposure, we selected several immune-related candidate genes upregulated by radiation exposure in both mouse and human PBMCs. In particular, the expression of ACOD1 and CXCL10 increased in a radiation dose-dependent manner, while remaining unchanged following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation in human PBMCs. The expression of both genes was further evaluated in the blood of cancer patients before and after radiotherapy. CXCL10 expression exhibited a distinct increase after radiotherapy and was positively correlated with FDXR expression. CONCLUSIONS CXCL10 expression in irradiated PBMCs represents a potential biomarker for radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Young Kwak
- Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Science, Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Park
- Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Science, Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
- OPTOLANE Technologies Inc., Seongnam, South Korea
| | | | - Hyosun Jang
- Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Science, Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Bum Lee
- Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Science, Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won Il Jang
- Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Science, Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sunhoo Park
- Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Science, Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Pathology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Science, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min-Jung Kim
- Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Science, Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sehwan Shim
- Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Science, Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
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4
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Port M, Barquinero JF, Endesfelder D, Moquet J, Oestreicher U, Terzoudi G, Trompier F, Vral A, Abe Y, Ainsbury L, Alkebsi L, Amundson S, Badie C, Baeyens A, Balajee A, Balázs K, Barnard S, Bassinet C, Beaton-Green L, Beinke C, Bobyk L, Brochard P, Brzoska K, Bucher M, Ciesielski B, Cuceu C, Discher M, D,Oca M, Domínguez I, Doucha-Senf S, Dumitrescu A, Duy P, Finot F, Garty G, Ghandhi S, Gregoire E, Goh V, Güçlü I, Hadjiiska L, Hargitai R, Hristova R, Ishii K, Kis E, Juniewicz M, Kriehuber R, Lacombe J, Lee Y, Lopez Riego M, Lumniczky K, Mai T, Maltar-Strmečki N, Marrale M, Martinez J, Marciniak A, Maznyk N, McKeever S, Meher P, Milanova M, Miura T, Gil OM, Montoro A, Domene MM, Mrozik A, Nakayama R, O’Brien G, Oskamp D, Ostheim P, Pajic J, Pastor N, Patrono C, Pujol-Canadell M, Rodriguez MP, Repin M, Romanyukha A, Rößler U, Sabatier L, Sakai A, Scherthan H, Schüle S, Seong K, Sevriukova O, Sholom S, Sommer S, Suto Y, Sypko T, Szatmári T, Takahashi-Sugai M, Takebayashi K, Testa A, Testard I, Tichy A, Triantopoulou S, Tsuyama N, Unverricht-Yeboah M, Valente M, Van Hoey O, Wilkins R, Wojcik A, Wojewodzka M, Younghyun L, Zafiropoulos D, Abend M. RENEB Inter-Laboratory Comparison 2021: Inter-Assay Comparison of Eight Dosimetry Assays. Radiat Res 2023; 199:535-555. [PMID: 37310880 PMCID: PMC10508307 DOI: 10.1667/rade-22-00207.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tools for radiation exposure reconstruction are required to support the medical management of radiation victims in radiological or nuclear incidents. Different biological and physical dosimetry assays can be used for various exposure scenarios to estimate the dose of ionizing radiation a person has absorbed. Regular validation of the techniques through inter-laboratory comparisons (ILC) is essential to guarantee high quality results. In the current RENEB inter-laboratory comparison, the performance quality of established cytogenetic assays [dicentric chromosome assay (DCA), cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay (CBMN), stable chromosomal translocation assay (FISH) and premature chromosome condensation assay (PCC)] was tested in comparison to molecular biological assays [gamma-H2AX foci (gH2AX), gene expression (GE)] and physical dosimetry-based assays [electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), optically or thermally stimulated luminescence (LUM)]. Three blinded coded samples (e.g., blood, enamel or mobiles) were exposed to 0, 1.2 or 3.5 Gy X-ray reference doses (240 kVp, 1 Gy/min). These doses roughly correspond to clinically relevant groups of unexposed to low exposed (0-1 Gy), moderately exposed (1-2 Gy, no severe acute health effects expected) and highly exposed individuals (>2 Gy, requiring early intensive medical care). In the frame of the current RENEB inter-laboratory comparison, samples were sent to 86 specialized teams in 46 organizations from 27 nations for dose estimation and identification of three clinically relevant groups. The time for sending early crude reports and more precise reports was documented for each laboratory and assay where possible. The quality of dose estimates was analyzed with three different levels of granularity, 1. by calculating the frequency of correctly reported clinically relevant dose categories, 2. by determining the number of dose estimates within the uncertainty intervals recommended for triage dosimetry (±0.5 Gy or ±1.0 Gy for doses <2.5 Gy or >2.5 Gy), and 3. by calculating the absolute difference (AD) of estimated doses relative to the reference doses. In total, 554 dose estimates were submitted within the 6-week period given before the exercise was closed. For samples processed with the highest priority, earliest dose estimates/categories were reported within 5-10 h of receipt for GE, gH2AX, LUM, EPR, 2-3 days for DCA, CBMN and within 6-7 days for the FISH assay. For the unirradiated control sample, the categorization in the correct clinically relevant group (0-1 Gy) as well as the allocation to the triage uncertainty interval was, with the exception of a few outliers, successfully performed for all assays. For the 3.5 Gy sample the percentage of correct classifications to the clinically relevant group (≥2 Gy) was between 89-100% for all assays, with the exception of gH2AX. For the 1.2 Gy sample, an exact allocation to the clinically relevant group was more difficult and 0-50% or 0-48% of the estimates were wrongly classified into the lowest or highest dose categories, respectively. For the irradiated samples, the correct allocation to the triage uncertainty intervals varied considerably between assays for the 1.2 Gy (29-76%) and 3.5 Gy (17-100%) samples. While a systematic shift towards higher doses was observed for the cytogenetic-based assays, extreme outliers exceeding the reference doses 2-6 fold were observed for EPR, FISH and GE assays. These outliers were related to a particular material examined (tooth enamel for EPR assay, reported as kerma in enamel, but when converted into the proper quantity, i.e. to kerma in air, expected dose estimates could be recalculated in most cases), the level of experience of the teams (FISH) and methodological uncertainties (GE). This was the first RENEB ILC where everything, from blood sampling to irradiation and shipment of the samples, was organized and realized at the same institution, for several biological and physical retrospective dosimetry assays. Almost all assays appeared comparably applicable for the identification of unexposed and highly exposed individuals and the allocation of medical relevant groups, with the latter requiring medical support for the acute radiation scenario simulated in this exercise. However, extreme outliers or a systematic shift of dose estimates have been observed for some assays. Possible reasons will be discussed in the assay specific papers of this special issue. In summary, this ILC clearly demonstrates the need to conduct regular exercises to identify research needs, but also to identify technical problems and to optimize the design of future ILCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Port
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - J. Moquet
- UK Health Security Agency, Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards Division, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | | | - G. Terzoudi
- National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Health Physics, Radiobiology & Cytogenetics Laboratory, Agia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - F. Trompier
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Surete Nucleaire, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - A. Vral
- Ghent University, Radiobiology Research Unit, Gent, Belgium
| | - Y. Abe
- Department of Radiation Biology and Protection, Nagasaki University, Japan
| | - L. Ainsbury
- UK Health Security Agency and Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, Cytogenetics and Pathology Group, Oxfordshire, England
| | - L Alkebsi
- Department of Radiation Measurement and Dose Assessment, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - S.A. Amundson
- Columbia University, Irving Medical Center, Center for Radiological Research, New York, New York
| | - C. Badie
- UK Health Security Agency, Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards Division, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - A. Baeyens
- Ghent University, Radiobiology Research Unit, Gent, Belgium
| | - A.S. Balajee
- Cytogenetic Biodosimetry Laboratory, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
| | - K. Balázs
- Radiation Medicine Unit, Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, National Public Health Centre, Budapest, Hungary
| | - S. Barnard
- UK Health Security Agency, Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards Division, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - C. Bassinet
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Surete Nucleaire, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | | | - C. Beinke
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - L. Bobyk
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Bretigny Sur Orge, France
| | | | - K. Brzoska
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M. Bucher
- Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - B. Ciesielski
- Medical University of Gdansk, Department of Physics and Biophysics, Gdansk, Poland
| | - C. Cuceu
- Genevolution, Porcheville, France
| | - M. Discher
- Paris-Lodron-University of Salzburg, Department of Environment and Biodiversity, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - M.C. D,Oca
- Università Degli Studi di Palermo, Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica “Emilio Segrè,” Palermo, Italy
| | - I. Domínguez
- Universidad de Sevilla, Departamento de Biología Celular, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - A. Dumitrescu
- National Institute of Public Health, Radiation Hygiene Laboratory, Bucharest, Romania
| | - P.N. Duy
- Dalat Nuclear Research Institute, Radiation Technlogy & Biotechnology Center, Dalat City, Vietnam
| | - F. Finot
- Genevolution, Porcheville, France
| | - G. Garty
- Columbia University, Irving Medical Center, Center for Radiological Research, New York, New York
| | - S.A. Ghandhi
- Columbia University, Irving Medical Center, Center for Radiological Research, New York, New York
| | - E. Gregoire
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Surete Nucleaire, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - V.S.T. Goh
- Department of Radiobiology, Singapore Nuclear Research and Safety Initiative (SNRSI), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - I. Güçlü
- TENMAK, Nuclear Energy Research Institute, Technology Development and Nuclear Research Department, Türkey
| | - L. Hadjiiska
- National Centre of Radiobiology and Radiation Protection, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - R. Hargitai
- Radiation Medicine Unit, Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, National Public Health Centre, Budapest, Hungary
| | - R. Hristova
- National Centre of Radiobiology and Radiation Protection, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - K. Ishii
- Department of Radiation Measurement and Dose Assessment, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - E. Kis
- Radiation Medicine Unit, Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, National Public Health Centre, Budapest, Hungary
| | - M. Juniewicz
- Medical University of Gdansk, Department of Physics and Biophysics, Gdansk, Poland
| | - R. Kriehuber
- Department of Safety and Radiation Protection, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - J. Lacombe
- University of Arizona, Center for Applied Nanobioscience & Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Y. Lee
- Laboratory of Biological Dosimetry, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - K. Lumniczky
- Radiation Medicine Unit, Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, National Public Health Centre, Budapest, Hungary
| | - T.T. Mai
- Dalat Nuclear Research Institute, Radiation Technlogy & Biotechnology Center, Dalat City, Vietnam
| | - N. Maltar-Strmečki
- Ruðer Boškovic Institute, Division of Physical Chemistry, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - M. Marrale
- Università Degli Studi di Palermo, Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica “Emilio Segrè,” Palermo, Italy
| | - J.S. Martinez
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Surete Nucleaire, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - A. Marciniak
- Medical University of Gdansk, Department of Physics and Biophysics, Gdansk, Poland
| | - N. Maznyk
- Radiation Cytogenetics Laboratory, S.P. Grigoriev Institute for Medical Radiology and Oncology of Ukrainian National Academy of Medical Science, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - S.W.S. McKeever
- Radiation Dosimetry Laboratory, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | | | - M. Milanova
- University of Defense, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - T. Miura
- Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - O. Monteiro Gil
- Instituto Superior Técnico/ Campus Tecnológico e Nuclear, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - A. Montoro
- Servicio de Protección Radiológica. Laboratorio de Dosimetría Biológica, Valencia, Spain
| | - M. Moreno Domene
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Laboratorio de dosimetría biológica, Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Mrozik
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - R. Nakayama
- Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - G. O’Brien
- UK Health Security Agency, Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards Division, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - D. Oskamp
- Department of Safety and Radiation Protection, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - P. Ostheim
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - J. Pajic
- Serbian Institute of Occupational Health, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - N. Pastor
- Universidad de Sevilla, Departamento de Biología Celular, Sevilla, Spain
| | - C. Patrono
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Rome, Italy
| | | | - M.J. Prieto Rodriguez
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Laboratorio de dosimetría biológica, Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Repin
- Columbia University, Irving Medical Center, Center for Radiological Research, New York, New York
| | | | - U. Rößler
- Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | | | - A. Sakai
- Department of Radiation Life Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - H. Scherthan
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - S. Schüle
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - K.M. Seong
- Laboratory of Biological Dosimetry, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - S. Sholom
- Radiation Dosimetry Laboratory, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - S. Sommer
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Y. Suto
- Department of Radiation Measurement and Dose Assessment, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - T. Sypko
- Radiation Cytogenetics Laboratory, S.P. Grigoriev Institute for Medical Radiology and Oncology of Ukrainian National Academy of Medical Science, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - T. Szatmári
- Radiation Medicine Unit, Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, National Public Health Centre, Budapest, Hungary
| | - M. Takahashi-Sugai
- Department of Radiation Life Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - K. Takebayashi
- Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - A. Testa
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Rome, Italy
| | - I. Testard
- CEA-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - A. Tichy
- University of Defense, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - S. Triantopoulou
- National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Health Physics, Radiobiology & Cytogenetics Laboratory, Agia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - N. Tsuyama
- Department of Radiation Life Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - M. Unverricht-Yeboah
- Department of Safety and Radiation Protection, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - M. Valente
- CEA-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - O. Van Hoey
- Belgian Nuclear Research Center SCK CEN, Mol, Belgium
| | | | - A. Wojcik
- Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M. Wojewodzka
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lee Younghyun
- Laboratory of Biological Dosimetry, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - D. Zafiropoulos
- Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Legnaro, Italy
| | - M. Abend
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
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Młynarczyk D, Puig P, Armero C, Gómez-Rubio V, Barquinero JF, Pujol-Canadell M. Radiation dose estimation with time-since-exposure uncertainty using the [Formula: see text]-H2AX biomarker. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19877. [PMID: 36400833 PMCID: PMC9674680 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24331-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To predict the health effects of accidental or therapeutic radiation exposure, one must estimate the radiation dose that person received. A well-known ionising radiation biomarker, phosphorylated [Formula: see text]-H2AX protein, is used to evaluate cell damage and is thus suitable for the dose estimation process. In this paper, we present new Bayesian methods that, in contrast to approaches where estimation is carried out at predetermined post-irradiation times, allow for uncertainty regarding the time since radiation exposure and, as a result, produce more precise results. We also use the Laplace approximation method, which drastically cuts down on the time needed to get results. Real data are used to illustrate the methods, and analyses indicate that the models might be a practical choice for the [Formula: see text]-H2AX biomarker dose estimation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Młynarczyk
- Departament de Matemàtiques, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Pedro Puig
- Departament de Matemàtiques, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Centre de Recerca Matemàtica, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Carmen Armero
- Departament d’Estadística i Investigació Operativa, Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | - Virgilio Gómez-Rubio
- Department of Mathematics, School of Industrial Engineering, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Joan F. Barquinero
- Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Mònica Pujol-Canadell
- Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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6
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Zhao H, Qu M, Li Y, Wen K, Xu H, Song M, Xie D, Ao X, Gong Y, Sui L, Guan H, Zhou P, Xie J. An estimate assay for low-level exposure to ionizing radiation based on mass spectrometry quantification of γ-H2AX in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1031743. [PMID: 36388350 PMCID: PMC9651621 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1031743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to environmental ionizing radiation (IR) is ubiquitous, and large-dose exposure to IR is known to cause DNA damage and genotoxicity which is associated with an increased risk of cancer. Whether such detrimental effects are caused by exposure to low-dose IR is still debated. Therefore, rapid and early estimation of absorbed doses of IR in individuals, especially at low levels, using radiation response markers is a pivotal step for early triage during radiological incidents to provide adequate and timely clinical interventions. However, there is currently a crucial shortage of methods capable of determining the extent of low-dose IR exposure to human beings. The phosphorylation of histone H2AX on serine 139 (designated γ-H2AX), a classic biological dosimeter, can be used to evaluate the DNA damage response. We have developed an estimation assay for low-level exposure to IR based on the mass spectrometry quantification of γ-H2AX in blood. Human peripheral blood lymphocytes sensitive to low-dose IR, maintaining low temperature (4°C) and adding enzyme inhibitor are proven to be key steps, possibly insuring that a stable and marked γ-H2AX signal in blood cells exposed to low-dose IR could be detected. For the first time, DNA damage at low dose exposures to IR as low as 0.01 Gy were observed using the sensitive variation of γ-H2AX with high throughput mass spectrometry quantification in human peripheral blood, which is more accurate than the previously reported methods by virtue of isotope-dilution mass spectrometry, and can observe the time effect of DNA damage. These in vitro cellular dynamic monitoring experiments show that DNA damage occurred rapidly and then was repaired slowly over the passage of post-irradiation time even after exposure to very low IR doses. This assay was also used to assess different radiation exposures at the in vitro cellular level. These results demonstrate the potential utility of this assay in radiation biodosimetry and environmental risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongling Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Minmin Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures and Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchen Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Wen
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures and Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Man Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dafei Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xingkun Ao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yihao Gong
- Department of Nuclear Physics, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing, China
| | - Li Sui
- Department of Nuclear Physics, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Guan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Hua Guan
| | - Pingkun Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China,Pingkun Zhou
| | - Jianwei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures and Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China,Jianwei Xie
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7
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Cherednichenko O, Pilyugina A, Nuraliev S. Chronic human exposure to ionizing radiation: Individual variability of chromosomal aberration frequencies and G 0 radiosensitivities. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2022; 873:503434. [PMID: 35094813 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2021.503434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Bio-monitoring of human radiation exposure is based, as a rule, on a single analysis of chromosomal aberrations. Factors such as radiosensitivity, adaptation, and the stability of cytogenetic indices are not taken into account. We studied frequency of chromosome aberrations (FCA) and G0 chromosome radiosensitivity following in vitro γ-exposure, over a 2.5-year period, for 129 residents of the Dolon settlement, part of the extreme radiation risk zone, Semipalatinsk nuclear test site region, Kazakhstan. Radiosensitivity was evaluated on the basis of FCA and dose assessment by physical dosimetry. FCA was 3-fold higher in Dolon inhabitants as in the control group (p ≤ 0.01). The average coefficient of variability of spontaneous FCA was 31 %. In 20 % of the subjects, it was very high (50-70 %). Individual dose estimation in a single study in such individuals may lead to significant errors. Individual G0-chromosomal radiosensitivity showed less variation (18.7 %). Chronic low-dose irradiation was an adaptive factor to the damaging dose (1 Gy). Three methods of individual radiosensitivity assessment were considered, based on: G0-chromosomal radiosensitivity under additional in vitro γ-radiation; FCA and average dose per year; FCA and total dose received during years of residence in a radiocontaminated settlement, according to physical dosimetry. There is a significant difference in response (FCA) between radiosensitive and radioresistant individuals. This should be taken into account in individual dosimetry and risk assessment of radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Cherednichenko
- Laboratory of Genetic Monitoring, Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Almaty, 050060, Al-Faraby 93, Kazakhstan.
| | - Anastassiya Pilyugina
- Laboratory of Genetic Monitoring, Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Almaty, 050060, Al-Faraby 93, Kazakhstan
| | - Serikbai Nuraliev
- Laboratory of Genetic Monitoring, Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Almaty, 050060, Al-Faraby 93, Kazakhstan
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8
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Vinnikov V, Belyakov O. Clinical Applications of Biological Dosimetry in Patients Exposed to Low Dose Radiation Due to Radiological, Imaging or Nuclear Medicine Procedures. Semin Nucl Med 2021; 52:114-139. [PMID: 34879905 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Radiation dosimetric biomarkers have found applications beyond radiation protection area and now are actively introduced into clinical practice. Cytogenetic assays appeared to be a valuable tool for individualized quantifying radiation effects in patients, with high capability for assessing genotoxicity of various medical exposure modalities and providing meaningful radiation dose estimates for prognoses of radiation-related cancer risk. This review summarized current data on the use of biological dosimetry methods in patients undergoing various medical irradiations to low doses. The highlighted topics include basic aspects of biological dosimetry and its limitations in the range of low radiation doses, and main patterns of in vivo induction of radiation biomarkers in clinical exposure scenarios, occurring in X-ray diagnostics, computed tomography, interventional radiology, low dose radiotherapy, and nuclear medicine (internally administered 131I and other radiopharmaceuticals). Additionally, several specific issues, examined by biodosimetry techniques, are analysed, such as contrast media effect, radiation response in pediatric patients, impact of magnetic resonance imaging, evaluation of radioprotectors, detection of patients' abnormal intrinsic radiosensitivity and dose estimation in persons involved in medical radiation incidents. A prognosis of possible directions for further improvements in this area includes the automation of cytogenetic analysis, introduction of molecular biodosimeters and development of multiparametric biodosimetry platforms. A potential approach to the advanced biodosimetry of internal exposure and/or low dose external irradiation is suggested; this can be a multiparametric platform based on the combination of the γ-H2AX foci, dicentric, and translocation assays, each applied in the optimum postexposure time range, with the amalgamation of the dose estimates. The study revealed the necessity of further research, which might clarify medical radiation safety concerns for patients via using stringent biodosimetry methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr Vinnikov
- International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna, Austria; Grigoriev Institute for Medical Radiology and Oncology (GIMRO), Kharkiv, Ukraine.
| | - Oleg Belyakov
- International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna, Austria
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9
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Chilimoniuk J, Gosiewska A, Słowik J, Weiss R, Deckert PM, Rödiger S, Burdukiewicz M. countfitteR: efficient selection of count distributions to assess DNA damage. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:528. [PMID: 33987226 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-6363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background DNA double-strand breaks can be counted as discrete foci by imaging techniques. In personalized medicine and pharmacology, the analysis of counting data is relevant for numerous applications, e.g., for cancer and aging research and the evaluation of drug efficacy. By default, it is assumed to follow the Poisson distribution. This assumption, however, may lead to biased results and faulty conclusions in datasets with excess zero values (zero-inflation), a variance larger than the mean (overdispersion), or both. In such cases, the assumption of a Poisson distribution would skew the estimation of mean and variance, and other models like the negative binomial (NB), zero-inflated Poisson or zero-inflated NB distributions should be employed. The model chosen has an influence on the parameter estimation (mean value and confidence interval). Yet the choice of the suitable distribution model is not trivial. Methods To support, simplify and objectify this process, we have developed the countfitteR software as an R package. We used a Bayesian approach for distribution model selection and the shiny web application framework for interactive data analysis. Results We show the application of our software based on examples of DNA double-strand break count data from phenotypic imaging by multiplex fluorescence microscopy. In analyzing numerous datasets of molecular pharmacological markers (phosphorylated histone H2AX and p53 binding protein), countfitteR demonstrated an equal or superior statistical performance compared to the usually employed two-step procedure, with an overall power of up to 98%. In addition, it still gave information in cases with no result at all from the two-step procedure. In our data sample we found that the NB distribution was the most frequent, with the Poisson distribution taking second place. Conclusions countfitteR can perform an automated distribution model selection and thus support the data analysis and lead to objective statistically verifiable estimated values. Originally designed for the analysis of foci in biomedical image data, countfitteR can be used in a variety of areas where non-Poisson distributed counting data is prevalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Chilimoniuk
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland.,Faculty of Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Alicja Gosiewska
- Faculty of Mathematics and Information Science, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Słowik
- Faculty of Mathematics and Information Science, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Romano Weiss
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - P Markus Deckert
- Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, and Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Brandenburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Rödiger
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany.,Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Michał Burdukiewicz
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany.,Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
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10
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Potential application of γ-H2AX as a biodosimetry tool for radiation triage. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2020; 787:108350. [PMID: 34083048 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2020.108350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Radiation triage and biological dosimetry are two initial steps in the medical management of exposed individuals following radiological accidents. Well established biodosimetry methods such as the dicentric (DC) assay, micronucleus (MN) assay, and fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) translocation assay (for residual damage) have been used for this purpose for several decades. Recent advances in scoring methodology and networking among established laboratories have increased triage capacity; however, these methods still have limitations in analysing large sample numbers, particularly because of the ∼ 48 h minimum culture time required prior to analysis. Hence, there is a need for simple, and high throughput markers to identify exposed individuals in case of radiological/nuclear emergencies. In recent years, a few markers were identified, one being phosphorylated histone 2AX (γ-H2AX), which measured a nuclear foci or nuclear staining intensity that was found to be suitable for triage. Measurement of γ-H2AX foci formed at and around the sites of DNA double-strand breaks is a rapid and sensitive biodosimetry method which does not require culturing and is thus promising for the analysis of a large number of samples. In this review, we have summarized the recent developments of γ-H2AX assay in radiation triage and biodosimetry, focusing chiefly on: i) the importance of baseline frequency and reported values among different laboratories, ii) the influence of known and unknown variables on dose estimation, iii) quality assurance such as inter-laboratory comparison between scorers and scoring methods, and iv) current limitations and potential for future development.
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11
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Güçlü İ. Cytogenetic follow-up of an individual after accidental exposure to industrial radiation using dicentric frequency in blood lymphocytes. Mutat Res 2020; 861-862:503276. [PMID: 33551095 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2020.503276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A radiation accident occurred in Bursa, Turkey, in July 2005. An industrial radiographer was exposed to industrial iridium-192 gamma rays for 5 h while laying the natural gas line. After 5 h, the victim had a break because of vomiting and nausea. He ended his work, considering that he might have been exposed to radiation. In a few days, erythema, pain, desquamation, edema started in both hands of the victim. The biological dose assessment was started based on frequencies of dicentrics and rings in peripheral blood lymphocytes ten days after the radiation accident. 6 repeated blood samples were taken for 9 years and analyzed staining after giemsa. After 9 years, decline at dicentric frequencies is significant, but still, dicentric contain cells were detected, which were a strong indicator for external radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- İnci Güçlü
- Turkish Atomic Energy Authority, Technology Development Department, Yarımburgaz mah. Nükleer araşxtırma yolu, No: 10, 34303 Küçükçekmece, Istanbul, Turkey.
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12
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Vinnikov VA, Belyakov O. Radiation Exposure Biomarkers in the Practice of Medical Radiology: Cooperative Research and the Role of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Biodosimetry/Radiobiology Laboratory. HEALTH PHYSICS 2020; 119:83-94. [PMID: 32483044 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000001266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The strategy toward personalized medicine in radiation oncology, nuclear medicine, and diagnostic and interventional radiology demands a specific set of assays for individualized estimation of radiation load for safety concerns and prognosis of normal tissue reactions caused by ionizing radiation. Apparently, it seems reasonable to use validated radiation dosimetric biomarkers for these purposes. However, a number of gaps in knowledge and methodological limitations still have to be resolved until dosimetric biomarkers will start to play a valuable role in clinical practice beyond radiation protection and radiation medicine. An extensive international multicenter research is necessary to improve the methodology of clinical applications of biodosimetry. That became a rationale for launching the IAEA Coordinated Research Project E35010 MEDBIODOSE: "Applications of Biological Dosimetry Methods in Radiation Oncology, Nuclear Medicine, and Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology." At the 2 Coordination Meeting on MEDBIODOSE (18-22 February 2019, Recife, Brazil), participants reported progress in the usage of biological dosimetry for genotoxicity assessment and/or individualization of radiotherapy treatment plans. Another avenue of research was the prognosis of normal tissue toxicity and cancer risk prediction using biomarkers' yield measured in vivo or after ex vivo irradiation of patients' cells. Other important areas are mechanisms of cytogenetic radiation response, validation of new radiation biomarkers, development of innovative techniques, automated and high-throughput assays for biodosimetry, and the overall improvement of biodosimetry service. An important aspect of clinical application of biodosimetry is standardization of techniques and unification of approaches to data interpretation. The new IAEA Biodosimetry/Radiobiology Laboratory, which is being established, will provide support for this activity. The declared lab's mission includes, among other tasks, a harmonization of the biodosimetry applications with relevant international standards, guidelines on good laboratory practice, and the IAEA EPR-Biodosimetry manual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr A Vinnikov
- Grigoriev Institute for Medical Radiology, Ukranian National Academy of Medical Sciences, Pushkinskaya 82, Kharkiv 61024 Ukraine
| | - Oleg Belyakov
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, P.O. Box 100, Vienna A-1400, Austria
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13
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Mendes ME, Mendonça JCGD, Hwang S, Giorgio MD, Lima FFD, Santos N. Calibration curves by 60Co with low dose rate are different in terms of dose estimation - a comparative study. Genet Mol Biol 2020; 43:e20180370. [PMID: 32105287 PMCID: PMC7231543 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2018-0370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological dosimetry aims to estimate individual absorbed doses due ionizing
radiation exposure. The dicentric chromosomes are considered the most specific
biomarker for dose estimation. This study aimed to compare calibration curves
for linear low energy transfer (LET) radiation built from low dose rates and
whether they vary in terms of dose estimation. For that we did a search in the
literature of all calibration curves produced with low dose rates and we
simulated the dose estimation from pre-established dicentric’s frequencies. The
information on methodologies and cytogenetic results of each study were
analyzed. As expected dose rate influence β coefficients, especially at higher
doses. However, we have seen that some doses were not statistically different
but they should be, because there is a significant association between the
productions of dicentrics and dose rate. This comparative study reinforced the
robustness of the dicentric assay and its importance in biological dosimetry. We
also emphasized that the dose rate was an important factor in dose estimations.
Thus, intercomparison exercises should take into account the dose rates of the
participating laboratories, because the dose rates might explain why some
results of estimated doses fall outside the recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Esposito Mendes
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Genética, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.,Centro Regional de Ciências Nucleares do Nordeste, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Suy Hwang
- Centro Regional de Ciências Nucleares do Nordeste, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | | | - Neide Santos
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Genética, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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14
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Research on a wide-range biodosimeter based on the irradiation damage effect of proteins for γ radiation. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2019.108477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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Vinnikov V, Belyakov O. CLINICAL APPLICATIONS OF BIOMARKERS OF RADIATION EXPOSURE: LIMITATIONS AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS THROUGH COORDINATED RESEARCH. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2019; 186:3-8. [PMID: 30916766 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncz038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Dosimetric biomarkers have been effectively and intensively used for a long time in the area of radiation protection. In contrast to that, no robust standards or widely accepted protocols for application of these end-points in radiotherapy, diagnostic and interventional radiology and nuclear medicine exist to date. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) organized the review of the available data on the possibilities of the use of dosimetric biomarkers in medical irradiation scenarios. The resultant Technical Report also contains a summary of identified problems, gaps in knowledge, limitations in methodology and recommendations for their overcoming. This work provided a conceptual background for the initiation of a new IAEA Coordinated Research Project E35010, MEDBIODOSE (2017-21), which is aimed specifically at the development and improvement of applications of biodosimetric markers in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr Vinnikov
- Grigoriev Institute for Medical Radiology of the National Academy of Medical Science of Ukraine, Pushkinskaya St. 82, Kharkiv 61024, Ukraine
| | - Oleg Belyakov
- The International Atomic Energy Agency, P.O. Box 100, Wagramerstrasse 5, Vienna, Austria
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16
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Beinke C, Wanke C, Eder S, Port M. Cytogenetic Analysis After Temporary Residence in the Area of the Uncontrolled Ruthenium-106 Release in Russia in September 2017. HEALTH PHYSICS 2019; 117:598-605. [PMID: 31124834 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000001097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In September and October 2017, elevated atmospheric ruthenium contamination was measured in several European countries. The most probable origin of this release of radionuclides was reconstructed to be the Southern Ural region. During that time, five workers from a German company stayed up to 2 wk about 120 km from the Chelyabinsk region in Ekaterinburg, Russia. No clinical symptoms were reported during or after the suspected radiation exposure, and no internal contamination was found in whole-body measurements. However, to investigate radiation protection issues and to clarify the workers' situation in order to reassure them, as they planned to continue working in Ekaterinburg, our laboratory was urgently requested by the company's occupational physician to perform biodosimetry using dicentric analysis to determine if the workers have been exposed to radiation by incorporation of radionuclides. The workers' dicentric yields have been compared to reference data of background frequencies in unexposed individuals, but, as it is not reasonable to quantify individual absorbed radiation doses from internalized beta emitters due to various confounding factors, individual dose estimation has not been performed. Dicentric frequencies for two workers differed significantly from the mean laboratory background level, which could have been induced by an exposure to incorporated radionuclides due to beta emissions by Ru or to gamma irradiation by the decay nuclide of Ru. However, the maximum absorbed radiation doses calculated for a resident in the Ru-contaminated area during that time does not correspond to the observed dicentric frequencies. It cannot be excluded that their dicentric frequencies were already elevated before September 2017, potentially induced by an earlier radiation exposure to diagnostic x rays or even by chance.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Beinke
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated with the University Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - C Wanke
- Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Stabsstelle Strahlenschutz und Abteilung Medizinische Physik
| | - S Eder
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated with the University Ulm, Munich, Germany
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social, and Environmental Medicine, Inner City Clinic, University Hospital of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - M Port
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated with the University Ulm, Munich, Germany
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17
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Raavi V, Surendran J, Karthik K, Paul SFD, Thayalan K, Arunakaran J, Venkatachalam P. Measurement of γ-H2AX foci, miRNA-101, and gene expression as a means to quantify radiation-absorbed dose in cancer patients who had undergone radiotherapy. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2019; 58:69-80. [PMID: 30467642 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-018-0767-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Radiological accidents and nuclear terrorism pose an increased threat to members of the public who, following such an event, would need to be assessed for medical care by fast triage. Assay methods such as chromosome aberrations (CA), cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) techniques have been well established for dose estimation and their potential for handling more samples has also been proved with automation. However, culturing of lymphocytes is an inevitable step, which limits the potential of these markers for triage. In vitro analysis of gamma-H2AX (γ-H2AX), gene and microRNA (miRNA) markers do not require culturing of lymphocytes, and as such have been suggested as attractive tools for triage. Despite studies reporting in vitro dose-response curves, limited evidence is available evaluating the suitability of these assays in real situations. In this study, we have measured the absorbed dose using γ-H2AX, gene (GADD45A, FDXR, and CDKN1A) and miRNA-101 expression in blood samples of cancer patients (n = 20) who had undergone partial-body radiotherapy and compared with the derived equivalent whole-body doses (EWBD). The obtained results from all patients showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase of γ-H2AX foci in post-irradiated as compared to pre-irradiated samples. Moreover, estimated doses using γ-H2AX foci showed a correlation with the derived EWBD (r2 = 0.60, p = 0.0003) and was also shown to be dependent on the irradiated body volume. Consistent with γ-H2AX foci frequency, an increase in fold change expression of genes and miRNA-101 was observed. However, the estimated dose significantly varied among the subjects and showed poor correlation (r2 = 0.09, 0.04, 0.01 and 0.03 for GADD45A, FDXR, CDKN1A and miRNA-101, respectively) with EWBD. The overall results suggest that the established in vitro γ-H2AX assay is suitable for the detection of radiation exposure and can also provide an estimate of the dose in in vivo irradiated samples. The genes and miRNA-101 markers showed increased expression; nevertheless, there is a need for further improvements to measure doses accurately using these markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkateswarlu Raavi
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai, 600 116, India
| | - J Surendran
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kamakshi Memorial Hospital, Pallikaranai, Chennai, 600 100, India
| | - K Karthik
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai, 600 116, India
| | - Solomon F D Paul
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai, 600 116, India
| | - K Thayalan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kamakshi Memorial Hospital, Pallikaranai, Chennai, 600 100, India
| | - J Arunakaran
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr. ALM PGIBMS, University of Madras, Taramani, Chennai, 600 113, India
| | - Perumal Venkatachalam
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai, 600 116, India.
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18
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Einbeck J, Ainsbury EA, Sales R, Barnard S, Kaestle F, Higueras M. A statistical framework for radiation dose estimation with uncertainty quantification from the γ-H2AX assay. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207464. [PMID: 30485322 PMCID: PMC6261578 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, the γ–H2AX focus assay, which exploits the phosphorylation of the H2AX histone following DNA double–strand–breaks, has made considerable progress towards acceptance as a reliable biomarker for exposure to ionizing radiation. While the existing literature has convincingly demonstrated a dose–response effect, and also presented approaches to dose estimation based on appropriately defined calibration curves, a more widespread practical use is still hampered by a certain lack of discussion and agreement on the specific dose–response modelling and uncertainty quantification strategies, as well as by the unavailability of implementations. This manuscript intends to fill these gaps, by stating explicitly the statistical models and techniques required for calibration curve estimation and subsequent dose estimation. Accompanying this article, a web applet has been produced which implements the discussed methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Einbeck
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Elizabeth A. Ainsbury
- Public Health England, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Sales
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Barnard
- Public Health England, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Felix Kaestle
- Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz, Fachbereich Strahlenschutz und Gesundheit, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Manuel Higueras
- Departamento de Matemáticas y Computación, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
- Basque Center for Applied Mathematics, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
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19
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Fernández-Fontelo A, Puig P, Ainsbury EA, Higueras M. AN EXACT GOODNESS-OF-FIT TEST BASED ON THE OCCUPANCY PROBLEMS TO STUDY ZERO-INFLATION AND ZERO-DEFLATION IN BIOLOGICAL DOSIMETRY DATA. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2018; 179:317-326. [PMID: 29342297 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncx285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The goal in biological dosimetry is to estimate the dose of radiation that a suspected irradiated individual has received. For that, the analysis of aberrations (most commonly dicentric chromosome aberrations) in scored cells is performed and dose response calibration curves are built. In whole body irradiation (WBI) with X- and gamma-rays, the number of aberrations in samples is properly described by the Poisson distribution, although in partial body irradiation (PBI) the excess of zeros provided by the non-irradiated cells leads, for instance, to the Zero-Inflated Poisson distribution. Different methods are used to analyse the dosimetry data taking into account the distribution of the sample. In order to test the Poisson distribution against the Zero-Inflated Poisson distribution, several asymptotic and exact methods have been proposed which are focused on the dispersion of the data. In this work, we suggest an exact test for the Poisson distribution focused on the zero-inflation of the data developed by Rao and Chakravarti (Some small sample tests of significance for a Poisson distribution. Biometrics 1956; 12 : 264-82.), derived from the problems of occupancy. An approximation based on the standard Normal distribution is proposed in those cases where the computation of the exact test can be tedious. A Monte Carlo Simulation study was performed in order to estimate empirical confidence levels and powers of the exact test and other tests proposed in the literature. Different examples of applications based on in vitro data and also data recorded in several radiation accidents are presented and discussed. A Shiny application which computes the exact test and other interesting goodness-of-fit tests for the Poisson distribution is presented in order to provide them to all interested researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Fernández-Fontelo
- Departament de Matemàtiques, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Pedro Puig
- Departament de Matemàtiques, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Elizabeth A Ainsbury
- Public Health England, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0RQ, UK
| | - Manuel Higueras
- BCAM-Basque Center for Applied Mathematics, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, UK
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20
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Ainsbury EA, Samaga D, Della Monaca S, Marrale M, Bassinet C, Burbidge CI, Correcher V, Discher M, Eakins J, Fattibene P, Güçlü I, Higueras M, Lund E, Maltar-Strmecki N, McKeever S, Rääf CL, Sholom S, Veronese I, Wieser A, Woda C, Trompier F. UNCERTAINTY ON RADIATION DOSES ESTIMATED BY BIOLOGICAL AND RETROSPECTIVE PHYSICAL METHODS. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2018; 178:382-404. [PMID: 28981844 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncx125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Biological and physical retrospective dosimetry are recognised as key techniques to provide individual estimates of dose following unplanned exposures to ionising radiation. Whilst there has been a relatively large amount of recent development in the biological and physical procedures, development of statistical analysis techniques has failed to keep pace. The aim of this paper is to review the current state of the art in uncertainty analysis techniques across the 'EURADOS Working Group 10-Retrospective dosimetry' members, to give concrete examples of implementation of the techniques recommended in the international standards, and to further promote the use of Monte Carlo techniques to support characterisation of uncertainties. It is concluded that sufficient techniques are available and in use by most laboratories for acute, whole body exposures to highly penetrating radiation, but further work will be required to ensure that statistical analysis is always wholly sufficient for the more complex exposure scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Ainsbury
- Public Health England, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, Didcot, Oxford OX11 ORQ, UK
| | - Daniel Samaga
- Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Sara Della Monaca
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Marrale
- Department of Physics and Chemistry and Advanced Technologies Network Center, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Edificio 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Celine Bassinet
- Institut de radioprotection et de sûreté nucléaire, BP 17 - 92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex 31, Avenue de la Division Leclerc 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, Paris, France
| | - Christopher I Burbidge
- Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Radiological Protection, 3 Clonskeagh Square, Clonskeagh Road, Dublin 14, Ireland
| | - Virgilio Correcher
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Centro de la Moncloa, Complutense, 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael Discher
- University of Salzburg, Department of Geography and Geology, Hellbrunnerstraße 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Jon Eakins
- Public Health England, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, Didcot, Oxford OX11 ORQ, UK
| | - Paola Fattibene
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Inci Güçlü
- Turkish Atomic Energy Authority, Mustafa Kemal Mahallesi, Dumlupinar Bulvari, No: 192, 06510, Çankaya - Ankara, Turkey
| | - Manuel Higueras
- Basque Center for Applied Mathematics, Alameda de Mazarredo 14, E-48009 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Eva Lund
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Nadica Maltar-Strmecki
- Ruder Boškovic Institute, Division of Physical Chemistry, Laboratory for Magnetic Resonances, Bijenicka cesta 54,10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Stephen McKeever
- Oklahoma State University, 145 Physical Sciences, Campus, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Christopher L Rääf
- Medicinsk strålningsfysik, Institutionen för Translationell Medicin, Lunds universitet, Skånes universitetssjukhus SUS, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Sergey Sholom
- Oklahoma State University, 145 Physical Sciences, Campus, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Ivan Veronese
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Department of Physics and National Institute of Nuclear Physics, Section of Milan, Via Celoria 16, 20133 - Milano, Italy
| | - Albrecht Wieser
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, Institute of Radiation Protection, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Clemens Woda
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, Institute of Radiation Protection, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Francois Trompier
- Institut de radioprotection et de sûreté nucléaire, BP 17 - 92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex 31, Avenue de la Division Leclerc 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, Paris, France
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21
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Vinnikov VA. Optimizing the Microscopy Time Schedule for Chromosomal Dosimetry of High-dose and Partial-body Irradiations. Genome Integr 2017; 8:3. [PMID: 28250910 PMCID: PMC5320789 DOI: 10.4103/2041-9414.198908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The methodology of cytogenetic triage can be improved by optimizing a schedule of microscopy for different exposure scenarios. Chromosome aberrations were quantified by microscopy in human blood lymphocytes irradiated in vitro to ~2, 4, and 12 Gy acute 60Co γ-rays mixed with the unirradiated blood simulating 10%, 50%, 90%, and 100% exposure and in along with a sample from a homogeneous exposure to ~20 Gy. Biodosimetry workload was statistically modeled assuming that 0.5, 1, 5, or 25 h was available for scoring one case or for analysis of up to 1000 cells or 100 dicentrics plus centric rings by one operator. A strong negative correlation was established between the rates of aberration acquisition and cell recording. Calculations showed that the workload of 1 case per operator per·day (5 h of scoring by microscopy) allows dose estimates with high accuracy for either 90%–100% irradiations of 2 Gy or 50%–90% irradiations of 4–12 Gy; lethal homogeneous (100%) exposures of 12 and 20 Gy can be evaluated with just 1 h of microscopy. Triage analysis of 0.5 h scoring per case results in the minimum tolerable accuracy only for partial- and total-body exposure of 4–20 Gy. Time-related efficacy of conventional biodosimetry depends primarily on the aberration yield in the sample, which is dependent on the radiation dose and its distribution in the patient's body. An optimized schedule of microscopy scoring should be developed for different exposure scenarios in each laboratory to increase their preparedness to radiological emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr A Vinnikov
- Individual Radiosensitivity Group, Grigoriev Institute for Medical Radiology of the National Academy of Medical Science of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
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22
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Ainsbury EA, Higueras M, Puig P, Einbeck J, Samaga D, Barquinero JF, Barrios L, Brzozowska B, Fattibene P, Gregoire E, Jaworska A, Lloyd D, Oestreicher U, Romm H, Rothkamm K, Roy L, Sommer S, Terzoudi G, Thierens H, Trompier F, Vral A, Woda C. Uncertainty of fast biological radiation dose assessment for emergency response scenarios. Int J Radiat Biol 2016; 93:127-135. [PMID: 27572921 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2016.1227106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Reliable dose estimation is an important factor in appropriate dosimetric triage categorization of exposed individuals to support radiation emergency response. MATERIALS AND METHODS Following work done under the EU FP7 MULTIBIODOSE and RENEB projects, formal methods for defining uncertainties on biological dose estimates are compared using simulated and real data from recent exercises. RESULTS The results demonstrate that a Bayesian method of uncertainty assessment is the most appropriate, even in the absence of detailed prior information. The relative accuracy and relevance of techniques for calculating uncertainty and combining assay results to produce single dose and uncertainty estimates is further discussed. CONCLUSIONS Finally, it is demonstrated that whatever uncertainty estimation method is employed, ignoring the uncertainty on fast dose assessments can have an important impact on rapid biodosimetric categorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Ainsbury
- a Public Health England Centre for Radiation , Chemical and Environmental Hazards (PHE) , Chilton , UK
| | - Manuel Higueras
- a Public Health England Centre for Radiation , Chemical and Environmental Hazards (PHE) , Chilton , UK.,b Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Pedro Puig
- b Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Jochen Einbeck
- c Department of Mathematical Sciences , Durham University , Durham , UK
| | - Daniel Samaga
- d Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz (BfS) , Munich , Germany
| | | | | | - Beata Brzozowska
- e Stockholm University , Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Bioscience, The Wenner-Gren Institute , Stockholm , Sweden.,f University of Warsaw , Faculty of Physics, Department of Biomedical Physics , Warsaw , Poland
| | | | - Eric Gregoire
- h Institut de radioprotection et de sûreté nucléaire (IRSN) , Paris , France
| | - Alicja Jaworska
- i Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority (NRPA) , Østerås , Norway
| | - David Lloyd
- a Public Health England Centre for Radiation , Chemical and Environmental Hazards (PHE) , Chilton , UK
| | | | - Horst Romm
- d Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz (BfS) , Munich , Germany
| | - Kai Rothkamm
- a Public Health England Centre for Radiation , Chemical and Environmental Hazards (PHE) , Chilton , UK.,j University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany
| | - Laurence Roy
- h Institut de radioprotection et de sûreté nucléaire (IRSN) , Paris , France
| | - Sylwester Sommer
- k Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology (ICHTJ) , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Georgia Terzoudi
- l National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos , Athens , Greece
| | | | - Francois Trompier
- h Institut de radioprotection et de sûreté nucléaire (IRSN) , Paris , France
| | - Anne Vral
- m Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Clemens Woda
- n Helmholtz Zentrum München (HMGU) , Neuherberg , Germany
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23
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Raavi V, Basheerudeen SAS, Jagannathan V, Joseph S, Chaudhury NK, Venkatachalam P. Frequency of gamma H2AX foci in healthy volunteers and health workers occupationally exposed to X-irradiation and its relevance in biological dosimetry. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2016; 55:339-47. [PMID: 27287768 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-016-0658-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Gamma-H2AX (γ-H2AX) assay is a marker to measure double-strand breaks in the deoxyribonucleic acid. Variables such as age, oxidative stress, temperature, genetic factors and inter-individual variation have been reported to influence the baseline γ-H2AX focus levels. Therefore, knowledge on baseline frequency of γ-H2AX foci in a targeted population would facilitate reliable radiation triage and dose estimation. The objective of the present study was to establish the baseline data using blood samples from healthy volunteers (n = 130) differing in age, occupation and lifestyle as well as from occupationally exposed health workers (n = 20). The γ-H2AX focus assay was performed using epifluorescence microscopy. In vitro dose-response curve for γ-H2AX foci was constructed in blood samples (n = 3) exposed to X-rays (30 min post-exposure). The mean γ-H2AX focus frequency obtained in healthy volunteers was 0.042 ± 0.001 and showed an age-related increase (p < 0.001). Significantly higher (p < 0.005) focus frequencies were observed in health workers (0.066 ± 0.005) than in healthy volunteers. A sub-group analysis did not show a significant (p > 0.1) difference in γ-H2AX focus frequency among sexes. Blood exposed in vitro to X-rays showed dose-dependent increase in γ-H2AX foci frequency (Y = 0.1902 ± 0.1363 + 2.9020 ± 0.3240 * D). Baseline frequency of γ-H2AX foci obtained from different age groups showed a significant (p < 0.01) influence on the dose-response coefficients. The overall results demonstrated that the γ-H2AX assay can be used as a reliable biomarker for radiation triage and estimating the radiation absorbed dose by considering variables such as age, occupation and lifestyle factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkateswarlu Raavi
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai, 600 116, India
| | | | | | - Santosh Joseph
- Department of Neuro Interventional Radiology, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai, 600 116, India
| | - Nabo Kumar Chaudhury
- Chemical Radio Protector and Radiation Dosimetry Research Group, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig Mazumdar Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110 054, India
| | - Perumal Venkatachalam
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai, 600 116, India.
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24
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Roch-Lefèvre S, Martin-Bodiot C, Grégoire E, Desbrée A, Roy L, Barquinero JF. A mouse model of cytogenetic analysis to evaluate caesium137 radiation dose exposure and contamination level in lymphocytes. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2016; 55:61-70. [PMID: 26781448 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-015-0620-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In case of external overexposure to ionizing radiation, an estimation of its genotoxic effects on exposed individuals can be made retrospectively by the measurement of radiation-induced chromosome aberrations on circulating lymphocytes. Compared with external irradiation, intakes of radionuclides may, however, lead to specific features influencing dose distribution at the scale of body, of tissue or even of cell. Therefore, in case of internal contamination by radionuclides, experimental studies, particularly using animal models, are required to better understand mechanisms of their genotoxic effects and to better estimate the absorbed dose. The present study was designed to evaluate a cytogenetic method in mouse peripheral blood lymphocytes that would allow determination of yields and complexities of chromosome aberrations after low-dose rate exposure to (137)Cs delivered in vitro either by irradiation or by contamination. By using M-FISH analysis, we compared the low-dose rate responses observed in mouse to the high-dose rate responses observed both in mouse and in human. Promising similarities between the two species in the relative biological effect evaluation show that our cytogenetic model established in mouse might be useful to evaluate various radiation exposures, particularly relevant in case of intakes of radionuclides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Roch-Lefèvre
- Laboratoire de Dosimétrie Biologique (PRP-HOM/SRBE/LDB), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), 92262, Fontenay aux Roses Cedex, France.
| | - Cécile Martin-Bodiot
- Laboratoire de Dosimétrie Biologique (PRP-HOM/SRBE/LDB), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), 92262, Fontenay aux Roses Cedex, France
| | - Eric Grégoire
- Laboratoire de Dosimétrie Biologique (PRP-HOM/SRBE/LDB), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), 92262, Fontenay aux Roses Cedex, France
| | - Aurélie Desbrée
- PRP-HOM/SDI, Laboratoire d'Evaluation de la Dose Interne, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), 92262, Fontenay aux Roses Cedex, France
| | - Laurence Roy
- Laboratoire de Dosimétrie Biologique (PRP-HOM/SRBE/LDB), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), 92262, Fontenay aux Roses Cedex, France
| | - Joan Francesc Barquinero
- Laboratoire de Dosimétrie Biologique (PRP-HOM/SRBE/LDB), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), 92262, Fontenay aux Roses Cedex, France
- Unitat d'Antropologia Biològica, Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
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25
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Yasui S. A recommended epidemiological study design for examining the adverse health effects among emergency workers who experienced the TEPCO fukushima daiichi NPP accident in 2011. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE 2016; 13:D77-D88. [PMID: 26653093 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2015.1125484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Results from medical examinations conducted in 2012 of workers who were engaged in radiation work in 2012 as a result of the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) accident showed that the prevalence of abnormal findings was 4.21%, 3.23 points higher than the 0.98% that was found prior to the accident in the jurisdiction area of the labor inspection office which holds jurisdiction over the NPP. The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) concluded that the 2010 and 2012 data cannot be easily compared because 70% of the enterprises within the jurisdiction of the office that reported the 2012 results were different from those that did so in 2010. In addition, although the radiation workers' estimated average dose weighted by number of workers was 3.66 times higher than decontamination workers' dose, the prevalence among radiation workers was only 1.14 times higher than that among decontamination workers. Based on the results of the medical examinations, however, the MHLW decided to implement an epidemiological study on the health effects of radiation exposure on all emergency workers. This article explains key issues of the basic design of the study recommended by the expert meeting established in the MHLW and also identifies challenges that could not be resolved and thus required further consideration by the study researchers. The major issues included: (a) study methods and target group; (b) evaluation of cumulative doses; (c) health effects (end points); (d) control of confounding factors; and (e) study implementation framework. Identified key challenges that required further deliberation were: (a) preventing arbitrary partisan analysis; (b) ensuring a high participation rate; (c) inquiry about the medical radiation doses; and (d) the preparedness of new analytical technology. The study team formulated and implemented the pilot study in 2014 and started the full-scale study in April 2015 with funding from a research grant from the MHLW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shojiro Yasui
- a Ministry of Health , Labour and Welfare , Tokyo , Japan
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26
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Abe Y, Miura T, Yoshida MA, Ujiie R, Kurosu Y, Kato N, Katafuchi A, Tsuyama N, Ohba T, Inamasu T, Shishido F, Noji H, Ogawa K, Yokouchi H, Kanazawa K, Ishida T, Muto S, Ohsugi J, Suzuki H, Ishikawa T, Kamiya K, Sakai A. Increase in dicentric chromosome formation after a single CT scan in adults. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13882. [PMID: 26349546 PMCID: PMC4563376 DOI: 10.1038/srep13882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Excess risk of leukemia and brain tumors after CT scans in children has been reported. We performed dicentric chromosome assay (DCAs) before and after CT scan to assess effects of low-dose ionizing radiation on chromosomes. Peripheral blood (PB) lymphocytes were collected from 10 patients before and after a CT scan. DCA was performed by analyzing either 1,000 or 2,000 metaphases using both Giemsa staining and centromere-fluorescence in situ hybridization (Centromere-FISH). The increment of DIC formation was compared with effective radiation dose calculated using the computational dosimetry system, WAZA-ARI and dose length product (DLP) in a CT scan. Dicentric chromosome (DIC) formation increased significantly after a single CT scan, and increased DIC formation was found in all patients. A good correlation between the increment of DIC formation determined by analysis of 2,000 metaphases using Giemsa staining and those by 2,000 metaphases using Centromere-FISH was observed. However, no correlation was observed between the increment of DIC formation and the effective radiation dose. Therefore, these results suggest that chromosome cleavage may be induced by one CT scan, and we recommend 2,000 or more metaphases be analyzed in Giemsa staining or Centromere-FISH for DCAs in cases of low-dose radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Abe
- Dept. of Radiation Life Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tomisato Miura
- Dept. of Pathologic Analysis, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki A Yoshida
- Dept. of Radiation Biology, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Risa Ujiie
- Dept. of Radiation Life Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yumiko Kurosu
- Dept. of Radiation Life Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Nagisa Kato
- Dept. of Radiation Life Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Atsushi Katafuchi
- Dept. of Radiation Life Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Naohiro Tsuyama
- Dept. of Radiation Life Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Takashi Ohba
- Dept. of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tomoko Inamasu
- Dept. of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Fumio Shishido
- Dept. of Radiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hideyoshi Noji
- Dept. of Cardiology &Hematology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kazuei Ogawa
- Dept. of Cardiology &Hematology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yokouchi
- Dept. of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kenya Kanazawa
- Dept. of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Takashi Ishida
- Dept. of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Satoshi Muto
- Dept. of Regenerative Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Jun Ohsugi
- Dept. of Regenerative Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Dept. of Regenerative Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ishikawa
- Dept. of Radiation Physics and Chemistry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.,Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kenji Kamiya
- Dept. of Experimental Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Akira Sakai
- Dept. of Radiation Life Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.,Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
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27
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Pujol M, Barquinero JF, Puig P, Puig R, Caballín MR, Barrios L. A new model of biodosimetry to integrate low and high doses. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114137. [PMID: 25461738 PMCID: PMC4252095 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological dosimetry, that is the estimation of the dose of an exposure to ionizing radiation by a biological parameter, is a very important tool in cases of radiation accidents. The score of dicentric chromosomes, considered to be the most accurate method for biological dosimetry, for low LET radiation and up to 5 Gy, fits very well to a linear-quadratic model of dose-effect curve assuming the Poisson distribution. The accuracy of this estimation raises difficulties for doses over 5 Gy, the highest dose of the majority of dose-effect curves used in biological dosimetry. At doses over 5 Gy most cells show difficulties in reaching mitosis and cannot be used to score dicentric chromosomes. In the present study with the treatment of lymphocyte cultures with caffeine and the standardization of the culture time, metaphases for doses up to 25 Gy have been analyzed. Here we present a new model for biological dosimetry, which includes a Gompertz-type function as the dose response, and also takes into account the underdispersion of aberration-among-cell distribution. The new model allows the estimation of doses of exposures to ionizing radiation of up to 25 Gy. Moreover, the model is more effective in estimating whole and partial body exposures than the classical method based on linear and linear-quadratic functions, suggesting their effectiveness and great potential to be used after high dose exposures of radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mònica Pujol
- Unitat d’Antropologia Biològica, Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Joan-Francesc Barquinero
- Unitat d’Antropologia Biològica, Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Pedro Puig
- Departament de Matemàtiques, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Roser Puig
- Unitat d’Antropologia Biològica, Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - María Rosa Caballín
- Unitat d’Antropologia Biològica, Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Leonardo Barrios
- Unitat de Biologia Cellular, Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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Ainsbury EA, Vinnikov VA, Puig P, Higueras M, Maznyk NA, Lloyd DC, Rothkamm K. Review of Bayesian statistical analysis methods for cytogenetic radiation biodosimetry, with a practical example. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2014; 162:185-196. [PMID: 24282320 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/nct301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Classical methods of assessing the uncertainty associated with radiation doses estimated using cytogenetic techniques are now extremely well defined. However, several authors have suggested that a Bayesian approach to uncertainty estimation may be more suitable for cytogenetic data, which are inherently stochastic in nature. The Bayesian analysis framework focuses on identification of probability distributions (for yield of aberrations or estimated dose), which also means that uncertainty is an intrinsic part of the analysis, rather than an 'afterthought'. In this paper Bayesian, as well as some more advanced classical, data analysis methods for radiation cytogenetics are reviewed that have been proposed in the literature. A practical overview of Bayesian cytogenetic dose estimation is also presented, with worked examples from the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Ainsbury
- Public Health England Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0RQ, UK
| | - Volodymyr A Vinnikov
- Grigoriev Institute for Medical Radiology of the National Academy of Medical Science of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Pedro Puig
- Departament de Matemàtiques, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Higueras
- Public Health England Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0RQ, UK Departament de Matemàtiques, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nataliya A Maznyk
- Grigoriev Institute for Medical Radiology of the National Academy of Medical Science of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - David C Lloyd
- Public Health England Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0RQ, UK
| | - Kai Rothkamm
- Public Health England Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0RQ, UK
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29
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Suto Y, Hirai M, Akiyama M, Kobashi G, Itokawa M, Akashi M, Sugiura N. Biodosimetry of restoration workers for the Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO) Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station accident. HEALTH PHYSICS 2013; 105:366-373. [PMID: 23982613 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0b013e3182995e42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The biological dose of nuclear workers engaged in emergency response tasks at Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO) Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station was estimated in the present study. As the national core center for radiation emergency medical preparedness in Japan, the National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS) received all individuals who were suspected of being overexposed to acute radiation. In the course of health examinations at NIRS, biological dosimetry was performed by the dicentric chromosome assay (DCA). Twelve individuals were examined from 21 March-1 July 2011. The results indicated that the estimated exposure doses for all individuals were lower than 300 mGy, with the mean value of about 101 mGy. These results by DCA were in accordance with those obtained by physical dosimetry based on personal dosimeter recording assessment. The results corroborate the fact that no acute radiation syndrome was observed among the workers examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Suto
- Department of Radiation Dosimetry, Research Center for Radiation Emergency Medicine, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan.
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30
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Rothkamm K, Beinke C, Romm H, Badie C, Balagurunathan Y, Barnard S, Bernard N, Boulay-Greene H, Brengues M, De Amicis A, De Sanctis S, Greither R, Herodin F, Jones A, Kabacik S, Knie T, Kulka U, Lista F, Martigne P, Missel A, Moquet J, Oestreicher U, Peinnequin A, Poyot T, Roessler U, Scherthan H, Terbrueggen B, Thierens H, Valente M, Vral A, Zenhausern F, Meineke V, Braselmann H, Abend M. Comparison of established and emerging biodosimetry assays. Radiat Res 2013; 180:111-9. [PMID: 23862692 DOI: 10.1667/rr3231.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Rapid biodosimetry tools are required to assist with triage in the case of a large-scale radiation incident. Here, we aimed to determine the dose-assessment accuracy of the well-established dicentric chromosome assay (DCA) and cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay (CBMN) in comparison to the emerging γ-H2AX foci and gene expression assays for triage mode biodosimetry and radiation injury assessment. Coded blood samples exposed to 10 X-ray doses (240 kVp, 1 Gy/min) of up to 6.4 Gy were sent to participants for dose estimation. Report times were documented for each laboratory and assay. The mean absolute difference (MAD) of estimated doses relative to the true doses was calculated. We also merged doses into binary dose categories of clinical relevance and examined accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of the assays. Dose estimates were reported by the first laboratories within 0.3-0.4 days of receipt of samples for the γ-H2AX and gene expression assays compared to 2.4 and 4 days for the DCA and CBMN assays, respectively. Irrespective of the assay we found a 2.5-4-fold variation of interlaboratory accuracy per assay and lowest MAD values for the DCA assay (0.16 Gy) followed by CBMN (0.34 Gy), gene expression (0.34 Gy) and γ-H2AX (0.45 Gy) foci assay. Binary categories of dose estimates could be discriminated with equal efficiency for all assays, but at doses ≥1.5 Gy a 10% decrease in efficiency was observed for the foci assay, which was still comparable to the CBMN assay. In conclusion, the DCA has been confirmed as the gold standard biodosimetry method, but in situations where speed and throughput are more important than ultimate accuracy, the emerging rapid molecular assays have the potential to become useful triage tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Rothkamm
- Public Health England, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0RQ, United Kingdom
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31
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Ainsbury EA, Vinnikov VA, Maznyk NA, Lloyd DC, Rothkamm K. A comparison of six statistical distributions for analysis of chromosome aberration data for radiation biodosimetry. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2013; 155:253-267. [PMID: 23325781 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncs335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The Poisson distribution is the most widely recognised and commonly used distribution for cytogenetic radiation biodosimetry. However, it is recognised that, due to the complexity of radiation exposure cases, other distributions may be more properly applied. Here, the Poisson, gamma, negative binomial, beta, Neyman type-A and Hermite distributions are compared in terms of their applicability to 'real-life' radiation exposure situations. The identification of the most appropriate statistical model in each particular exposure situation more correctly characterises data. The results show that for acute, homogeneous (whole-body) exposures, the Poisson distribution can still give a good fit to the data. For localised partial-body exposures, the Neyman type-A model was found to be the most robust. Overall, no single distribution was found to be universally appropriate. A distribution-specific method of analysis of cytogenetic data is therefore recommended. Such an approach may lead potentially to more accurate biological dose estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Ainsbury
- Health Protection Agency Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0RQ, UK.
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Vinnikov VA, Maznyk NA. Cytogenetic dose-response in vitro for biological dosimetry after exposure to high doses of gamma-rays. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2013; 154:186-197. [PMID: 22923248 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncs200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The dose response for dicentrics plus centric rings and total unstable chromosome-type aberrations was studied in the first mitoses of cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes irradiated in vitro to doses of ∼2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 16 and 20 Gy of acute (60)Со gamma-rays. A dose-dependent increase of aberration yield was accompanied by a tendency to the underdispersion of dicentrics and centric rings among cells distributions compared with Poisson statistics at doses ≥6 Gy. The formal fitting of the data to a linear-quadratic model resulted in an equation with the linear and quadratic coefficients ranged 0.098-0.129×cell(-1)×Gy(-1) and 0.039-0.034×cell(-1)×Gy(-2), respectively, depending on the fitting method. The actual radiation-induced aberration yield was markedly lower than expected from a calibration curve, generated earlier within a lower dose range. Interlaboratory variations in reported dicentric yields induced by medium-to-high radiation doses in vitro are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr A Vinnikov
- Radiation Cytogenetics Laboratory, Grigoriev Institute for Medical Radiology of the National Academy of Medical Science of Ukraine, Pushkinskaya St. 82, Kharkiv 61024, Ukraine.
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Lee JK, Han EA, Lee SS, Ha WH, Barquinero JF, Lee HR, Cho MS. Cytogenetic biodosimetry for Fukushima travelers after the nuclear power plant accident: no evidence of enhanced yield of dicentrics. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2012; 53:876-81. [PMID: 22859566 PMCID: PMC3483860 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrs065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Individuals who traveled to contaminated areas after the Fukushima nuclear accident have concerns about the health effects. However, medical follow-up for any adverse health effects will be difficult without personal dose measurements. Cytogenetic biodosimetry is a reasonable method of assessing absorbed doses retrospectively. We analyzed dicentric chromosomes for 265 Fukushima travelers, mostly journalists and rescue workers, who had been dispatched to northeastern Japan during the nuclear emergency. As a control group, 37 healthy volunteers who had not visited Japan since the accident were enrolled. Yields of dicentrics and absorbed doses calculated from a dose-response calibration curve for travelers and the control group were compared. The cut-off level for dicentric chromosomes in the controls was 3.5 per 1000 cells. Of the 265 travelers, 31 had elevated numbers of dicentrics (High-Dics group) while 234 were below the cut-off (Normal-Dics group). All but one of the individuals in the High-Dics group also reported a significantly higher number of medical exposures to radiation within the past three years compared with the Normal-Dics or control groups. The 225 travelers with no history of medical exposure showed no difference of dicentrics yield compared to the control group. Our data indicate that Fukushima travel alone did not enhance the yield of dicentrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Kyung Lee
- Department of Biological Dosimetry, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 75 Nowon-gil, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-706, South Korea.
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Freitinger Skalická Z, Zölzer F, Beránek L, Racek J. Indicators of oxidative stress after ionizing and/or non-ionizing radiation: superoxid dismutase and malondialdehyde. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2012; 117:111-4. [PMID: 23099481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2012.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Several authors have suggested that low level laser light may have a positive influence on side effects caused by ionizing radiation therapy. We therefore studied indicators of oxidative stress after exposure to gamma radiation with or without pre-exposure to low level laser light. Groups of mice were exposed to light from a laser diode at a wavelength of 830 nm, delivering an energy of 20 or 100 J to 1cm(2) in the abdominal part of the animal with a power density of 300 mW/cm(2) in continuous regime. Following this treatment (or sham irradiation), mice were irradiated with graded doses of (60)Co gamma rays. Levels of superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde were measured in murine blood cells 30 min or 3 days after exposure. For both time points, there was a clear increase of superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde with gamma dose, but laser light (alone or in combination with gamma irradiation) did not seem to have any influence on either parameter. Because the physical parameters in our experiments were similar to those of studies showing a positive effect of laser pre-exposure, we conclude that the lack of an observed effect in our case was due to differences in biological parameters, i.e. to differences between the tissues or cell types studied. It is also possible, of course, that laser effects would be seen mainly in the skin immediately exposed, and not to the same degree in blood cells circulating through that area, which were exposed to considerably smaller laser energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Freitinger Skalická
- Southbohemian University in České Budějovice, Faculty of Health and Social Studies, Department of Radiology and Toxicology, Czech Republic.
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35
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Roy L, Grégoire E, Gruel G, Roch-Lefevre S, Voisin P, Busset A, Martin C, Voisin P. Effect of lymphocytes culture variations on the mitotic index and on the dicentric yield following gamma radiation exposure. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2012; 151:135-143. [PMID: 22234421 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncr460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Fundamentals of biological dosimetry are described in the International Atomic Energy Agency manual, but all over the world each laboratory is using its own protocol. To test the influence of protocol variations, some blood samples were exposed to 0.5 Gy of gamma radiation and mitotic index and dicentric rates were measured under different experimental conditions. The effect of seven parameters [bromodeoxyuridin (BrdU), phytohaemagglutinin and colcemid concentrations, blood and medium volumes, culture duration and incubation temperature] was tested using a Placket and Burman experimental design. The analysis reveals that the mitotic index was influenced by the concentration of BrdU, medium and blood volumes, the culture duration and the temperature. However, none of the factors has a significant impact on the yield of dicentrics. The dicentric assay is robust against reagent variations within the range tested. These results could be used by relevant laboratories as elements of their procedures robustness in any event requiring such demonstration.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Roy
- Laboratoire de Dosimétrie Biologique, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France.
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36
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Ainsbury EA, Bakhanova E, Barquinero JF, Brai M, Chumak V, Correcher V, Darroudi F, Fattibene P, Gruel G, Guclu I, Horn S, Jaworska A, Kulka U, Lindholm C, Lloyd D, Longo A, Marrale M, Monteiro Gil O, Oestreicher U, Pajic J, Rakic B, Romm H, Trompier F, Veronese I, Voisin P, Vral A, Whitehouse CA, Wieser A, Woda C, Wojcik A, Rothkamm K. Review of retrospective dosimetry techniques for external ionising radiation exposures. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2011; 147:573-92. [PMID: 21183550 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncq499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The current focus on networking and mutual assistance in the management of radiation accidents or incidents has demonstrated the importance of a joined-up approach in physical and biological dosimetry. To this end, the European Radiation Dosimetry Working Group 10 on 'Retrospective Dosimetry' has been set up by individuals from a wide range of disciplines across Europe. Here, established and emerging dosimetry methods are reviewed, which can be used immediately and retrospectively following external ionising radiation exposure. Endpoints and assays include dicentrics, translocations, premature chromosome condensation, micronuclei, somatic mutations, gene expression, electron paramagnetic resonance, thermoluminescence, optically stimulated luminescence, neutron activation, haematology, protein biomarkers and analytical dose reconstruction. Individual characteristics of these techniques, their limitations and potential for further development are reviewed, and their usefulness in specific exposure scenarios is discussed. Whilst no single technique fulfils the criteria of an ideal dosemeter, an integrated approach using multiple techniques tailored to the exposure scenario can cover most requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Ainsbury
- Centre for Radiation, Health Protection Agency, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0RQ, UK.
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Lee JK. Practical applications of cytogenetic biodosimetry in radiological emergencies. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY 2011; 46:62-4. [PMID: 21747874 PMCID: PMC3128900 DOI: 10.5045/kjh.2011.46.2.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Kyung Lee
- Chief, Biodosimetry Team, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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