1
|
Wang X, Li X, Wang Y, Ren Z, Du X, Gao J, Ji G, Liu Z. Nkx1.2 deletion decreases fat production in zebrafish. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024; 32:1315-1328. [PMID: 38798028 DOI: 10.1002/oby.24043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the role of Nkx1-2, a transcription factor with the NK homeobox domain, in the regulation of fat production. METHODS Gene expression was analyzed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction or transcriptome sequencing. CRISPR/Cas9 technology was employed to generate nkx1.2 knockout zebrafish and nkx1.2-deleted 3T3-L1 cells. Lipid droplet production in zebrafish larvae was visually quantified using Nile red staining, whereas lipid droplets in 3T3-L1 cells were stained with Oil red O. The binding of Nkx1-2 to the promoter was verified through an electrophoretic mobility shift assay experiment. RESULTS Nkx1-2 plays crucial roles in the regulation of fat production in zebrafish. Knockout of nkx1.2 in zebrafish leads to weight loss, accompanied by significantly reduced lipid droplet production and decreased visceral and liver fat content. Furthermore, genes related to lipid biosynthesis are significantly downregulated. In 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, Nkx1-2 induces differentiation into mature adipocytes by binding to the cebpa promoter, thereby activating its transcription. Additionally, the expression of nkx1.2 is regulated by the p38 MAPK, JNK, or Smad2/3 signaling pathways in 3T3-L1 cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that Nkx1-2 functions as a positive regulator of fat production, playing a critical role in adipocyte differentiation and lipid biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity (Ministry of Education), Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity (Ministry of Education), Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yunsheng Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity (Ministry of Education), Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhongmei Ren
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity (Ministry of Education), Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xueqing Du
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity (Ministry of Education), Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Gao
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity (Ministry of Education), Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Guangdong Ji
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity (Ministry of Education), Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhenhui Liu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity (Ministry of Education), Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fang Y, Wan JP, Wang Z, Song SY, Zhang CX, Yang L, Zhang QY, Yan CY, Wu FY, Lu SY, Sun F, Han B, Zhao SX, Dong M, Song HD. Deficiency of the HGF/Met pathway leads to thyroid dysgenesis by impeding late thyroid expansion. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3165. [PMID: 38605010 PMCID: PMC11009301 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47363-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of bifurcation, a key step in thyroid development, are largely unknown. Here we find three zebrafish lines from a forward genetic screening with similar thyroid dysgenesis phenotypes and identify a stop-gain mutation in hgfa and two missense mutations in met by positional cloning from these zebrafish lines. The elongation of the thyroid primordium along the pharyngeal midline was dramatically disrupted in these zebrafish lines carrying a mutation in hgfa or met. Further studies show that MAPK inhibitor U0126 could mimic thyroid dysgenesis in zebrafish, and the phenotypes are rescued by overexpression of constitutively active MEK or Snail, downstream molecules of the HGF/Met pathway, in thyrocytes. Moreover, HGF promotes thyrocyte migration, which is probably mediated by downregulation of E-cadherin expression. The delayed bifurcation of the thyroid primordium is also observed in thyroid-specific Met knockout mice. Together, our findings reveal that HGF/Met is indispensable for the bifurcation of the thyroid primordium during thyroid development mediated by downregulation of E-cadherin in thyrocytes via MAPK-snail pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya Fang
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Medical Center of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, China
| | - Jia-Ping Wan
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Shi-Yang Song
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cao-Xu Zhang
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Qian-Yue Zhang
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Chen-Yan Yan
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Feng-Yao Wu
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Sang-Yu Lu
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Feng Sun
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Shuang-Xia Zhao
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Mei Dong
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Huai-Dong Song
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yadav P, Sarode LP, Gaddam RR, Kumar P, Bhatti JS, Khurana A, Navik U. Zebrafish as an emerging tool for drug discovery and development for thyroid diseases. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 130:53-60. [PMID: 36084888 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish is a useful model for understanding human genetics and diseases and has evolved into a prominent scientific research model. The genetic structure of zebrafish is 70% identical to that of humans. Its small size, low cost, and transparent embryo make it a valuable tool in experimentation. Zebrafish and mammals possess the same molecular mechanism of thyroid organogenesis and development. Thus, thyroid hormone signaling, embryonic development, thyroid-related disorders, and novel genes involved in early thyroid development can all be studied using zebrafish as a model. Here in this review, we emphasize the evolving role of zebrafish as a possible tool for studying the thyroid gland in the context of physiology and pathology. The transcription factors nkx2.1a, pax2a, and hhex which contribute a pivotal role in the differentiation of thyroid primordium are discussed. Further, we have described the role of zebrafish as a model for thyroid cancer, evaluation of defects in thyroid hormone transport, thyroid hormone (TH) metabolism, and as a screening tool to study thyrotoxins. Hence, the present review highlights the role of zebrafish as a novel approach to understand thyroid development and organogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Lopmudra P Sarode
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, 440033, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ravinder Reddy Gaddam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, IA, USA
| | - Puneet Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Amit Khurana
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Umashanker Navik
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Larrivée-Vanier S, Jean-Louis M, Magne F, Bui H, Rouleau GA, Spiegelman D, Samuels ME, Kibar Z, Van Vliet G, Deladoëy J. Whole-Exome Sequencing in Congenital Hypothyroidism Due to Thyroid Dysgenesis. Thyroid 2022; 32:486-495. [PMID: 35272499 PMCID: PMC9145262 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2021.0597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Context: Congenital hypothyroidism due to thyroid dysgenesis (CHTD) is a predominantly sporadic and nonsyndromic (NS) condition of unknown etiology. NS-CHTD shows a 40-fold increase in relative risk among first-degree relatives (1 in 100 compared with a birth prevalence of 1 in 4000 in the general population), but a discordance rate between monozygotic (MZ) twins of 92%. This suggests a two-hit mechanism, combining a genetic predisposition (incomplete penetrance of inherited variants) with postzygotic events (accounting for MZ twin discordance). Objective: To evaluate whether whole-exome sequencing (WES) allows to identify new predisposing genes in NS-CHTD. Methods: We performed a case-control study by comparing the whole exome of 36 nonconsanguineous cases of NS-CHTD (33 with lingual thyroid ectopy and 3 with athyreosis, based on technetium pertechnetate scintigraphy at diagnosis) with that of 301 unaffected controls to assess for enrichment in rare protein-altering variants. We performed an unbiased approach using a gene-based burden with a false discovery rate correction. Moreover, we identified all rare pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants, based on in silico prediction tools, in 27 genes previously associated with congenital hypothyroidism (CH) (thyroid dysgenesis [TD] and dyshormonogenesis). Results: After correction for multiple testing, no enrichment in rare protein-altering variants was observed in NS-CHTD. Pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants (21 variants in 12 CH genes) were identified in 42% of cases. Eight percent of cases had variants in more than one gene (oligogenic group); these were not more severely affected than monogenic cases. Moreover, cases with protein-altering variants in dyshormonogenesis-related genes were not more severely affected than those without. Conclusions: No new predisposing genes were identified following an unbiased analysis of WES data in a well-characterized NS-CHTD cohort. Nonetheless, the discovery rate of rare pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants was 42%. Eight percent of the cases harbored multiple variants in genes associated with TD or dyshormonogenesis, but these variants did not explain the variability of hypothyroidism observed in dysgenesis. WES did not identify a genetic cause in NS-CHTD cases, confirming the complex etiology of this disease. Additional studies in larger cohorts and/or novel discovery approaches are required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Larrivée-Vanier
- Research Center of Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Martineau Jean-Louis
- Research Center of Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Fabien Magne
- Research Center of Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Helen Bui
- Department of Endocrinology, McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Canada
| | - Guy A. Rouleau
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Dan Spiegelman
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Mark E. Samuels
- Research Center of Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Zoha Kibar
- Research Center of Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Guy Van Vliet
- Research Center of Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Johnny Deladoëy
- Research Center of Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Pediatric Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Southern Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland
- Address correspondence to: Johnny Deladoëy, MD, PhD, Facoltà di Scienze Biomediche, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Campus Est, Lugano 6900, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liang J, Qian J, Yang L, Chen X, Wang X, Lin X, Wang X, Zhao B. Modeling Human Thyroid Development by Fetal Tissue-Derived Organoid Culture. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2105568. [PMID: 35064652 PMCID: PMC8948548 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Euthyroidism is of profound importance for lifetime health. However, the early diagnosis or therapeutics of thyroid developmental defects has not been established, mainly due to limited understanding of human thyroid development and a lack of recapitulating research model. Herein, the authors elaborate the cell atlas and potential regulatory signaling of the evolution of heterogeneous thyrocyte population from 12 to 16 gestational weeks. Moreover, they establish a long-term culture of human fetal thyroid organoids (hFTOs) system, which retains the fetal thyroid lineages and molecular signatures, as well as the ability to generate functional human thyroid follicles post mice renal transplantation. Notably, cAMP signaling activation in hFTOs by forskolin boosts the maturation of follicle and thus thyroid hormone T4 secretion, which recapitulates the key developmental events of fetal thyroid. Employing this ex vivo system, it is found that enhanced chromatin accessibility at thyroid maturation genes (such as TPO and TG) loci permits the transcription for hormone production. This study provides the cell atlas of and an organoid model for human thyroid development, which will facilitate thyroid research and prospective medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianqing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic EngineeringSchool of Life SciencesHuman Phenome InstituteZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200438China
| | - Jun Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular BiologyDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyInstitute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesSchool of Basic MedicinePeking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100730China
| | - Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic EngineeringSchool of Life SciencesHuman Phenome InstituteZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200438China
| | - Xiaojun Chen
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related DiseasesShanghai200011China
| | - Xiaoning Wang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and BiotechnologySouthern Medical UniversitySchool of Biology and Biological EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510000China
| | - Xinhua Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic EngineeringSchool of Life SciencesHuman Phenome InstituteZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200438China
| | - Xiaoyue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular BiologyDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyInstitute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesSchool of Basic MedicinePeking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100730China
| | - Bing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic EngineeringSchool of Life SciencesHuman Phenome InstituteZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200438China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pierreux CE. Shaping the thyroid: From peninsula to de novo lumen formation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 531:111313. [PMID: 33961919 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A challenging and stimulating question in biology deals with the formation of organs from groups of undifferentiated progenitor cells. Most epithelial organs indeed derive from the endodermal monolayer and evolve into various shape and tridimensional organization adapted to their specialized adult function. Thyroid organogenesis is no exception. In most mammals, it follows a complex and sequential process initiated from the endoderm and leading to the development of a multitude of independent closed spheres equipped and optimized for the synthesis, storage and production of thyroid hormones. The first sign of thyroid organogenesis is visible as a thickening of the anterior foregut endoderm. This group of thyroid progenitors then buds and detaches from the foregut to migrate caudally and then laterally. Upon reaching their final destination in the upper neck region on both sides of the trachea, thyroid progenitors mix with C cell progenitors and finally organize into hormone-producing thyroid follicles. Intrinsic and extrinsic factors controlling thyroid organogenesis have been identified in several species, but the fundamental cellular processes are not sufficiently considered. This review focuses on the cellular aspects of the key morphogenetic steps during thyroid organogenesis and highlights similarities and common mechanisms with developmental steps elucidated in other endoderm-derived organs, despite different final architecture and functions.
Collapse
|
7
|
Dom G, Dmitriev P, Lambot MA, Van Vliet G, Glinoer D, Libert F, Lefort A, Dumont JE, Maenhaut C. Transcriptomic Signature of Human Embryonic Thyroid Reveals Transition From Differentiation to Functional Maturation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:669354. [PMID: 34249923 PMCID: PMC8270686 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.669354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The human thyroid gland acquires a differentiation program as early as weeks 3-4 of embryonic development. The onset of functional differentiation, which manifests by the appearance of colloid in thyroid follicles, takes place during gestation weeks 10-11. By 12-13 weeks functional differentiation is accomplished and the thyroid is capable of producing thyroid hormones although at a low level. During maturation, thyroid hormones yield increases and physiological mechanisms of thyroid hormone synthesis regulation are established. In the present work we traced the process of thyroid functional differentiation and maturation in the course of human development by performing transcriptomic analysis of human thyroids covering the period of gestation weeks 7-11 and comparing it to adult human thyroid. We obtained specific transcriptomic signatures of embryonic and adult human thyroids by comparing them to non-thyroid tissues from human embryos and adults. We defined a non-TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) dependent transition from differentiation to maturation of thyroid. The study also sought to shed light on possible factors that could replace TSH, which is absent in this window of gestational age, to trigger transition to the emergence of thyroid function. We propose a list of possible genes that may also be involved in abnormalities in thyroid differentiation and/or maturation, hence leading to congenital hypothyroidism. To our knowledge, this study represent the first transcriptomic analysis of human embryonic thyroid and its comparison to adult thyroid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Dom
- School of Medicine, IRIBHM, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research in Human and Molecular Biology, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Petr Dmitriev
- School of Medicine, IRIBHM, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research in Human and Molecular Biology, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Guy Van Vliet
- Département de Pédiatrie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Daniel Glinoer
- Hôpital Saint-Pierre, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Anne Lefort
- School of Medicine, IRIBHM, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jacques E. Dumont
- School of Medicine, IRIBHM, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research in Human and Molecular Biology, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Carine Maenhaut
- School of Medicine, IRIBHM, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research in Human and Molecular Biology, Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Marelli F, Rurale G, Persani L. From Endoderm to Progenitors: An Update on the Early Steps of Thyroid Morphogenesis in the Zebrafish. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:664557. [PMID: 34149617 PMCID: PMC8213386 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.664557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying thyroid gland development have a central interest in biology and this review is aimed to provide an update on the recent advancements on the early steps of thyroid differentiation that were obtained in the zebrafish, because this teleost fish revealed to be a suitable organism to study the early developmental stages. Physiologically, the thyroid precursors fate is delineated by the appearance among the endoderm cells of the foregut of a restricted cell population expressing specific transcription factors, including pax2a, nkx2.4b, and hhex. The committed thyroid primordium first appears as a thickening of the pharyngeal floor of the anterior endoderm, that subsequently detaches from the floor and migrates to its final location where it gives rise to the thyroid hormone-producing follicles. At variance with mammalian models, thyroid precursor differentiation in zebrafish occurs early during the developmental process before the dislocation to the eutopic positioning of thyroid follicles. Several pathways have been implicated in these early events and nowadays there is evidence of a complex crosstalk between intrinsic (coming from the endoderm and thyroid precursors) and extrinsic factors (coming from surrounding tissues, as the cardiac mesoderm) whose organization in time and space is probably required for the proper thyroid development. In particular, Notch, Shh, Fgf, Bmp, and Wnt signaling seems to be required for the commitment of endodermal cells to a thyroid fate at specific developmental windows of zebrafish embryo. Here, we summarize the recent findings produced in the various zebrafish experimental models with the aim to define a comprehensive picture of such complicated puzzle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Marelli
- Dipartimento di Malattie Endocrine e del Metabolismo, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano - LITA, Segrate, Italy
| | - Giuditta Rurale
- Dipartimento di Malattie Endocrine e del Metabolismo, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Persani
- Dipartimento di Malattie Endocrine e del Metabolismo, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano - LITA, Segrate, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Vandernoot I, Haerlingen B, Gillotay P, Trubiroha A, Janssens V, Opitz R, Costagliola S. Enhanced Canonical Wnt Signaling During Early Zebrafish Development Perturbs the Interaction of Cardiac Mesoderm and Pharyngeal Endoderm and Causes Thyroid Specification Defects. Thyroid 2021; 31:420-438. [PMID: 32777984 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2019.0828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background: Congenital hypothyroidism due to thyroid dysgenesis is a frequent congenital endocrine disorder for which the molecular mechanisms remain unresolved in the majority of cases. This situation reflects, in part, our still limited knowledge about the mechanisms involved in the early steps of thyroid specification from the endoderm, in particular the extrinsic signaling cues that regulate foregut endoderm patterning. In this study, we used small molecules and genetic zebrafish models to characterize the role of various signaling pathways in thyroid specification. Methods: We treated zebrafish embryos during different developmental periods with small-molecule compounds known to manipulate the activity of Wnt signaling pathway and observed effects in thyroid, endoderm, and cardiovascular development using whole-mount in situ hybridization and transgenic fluorescent reporter models. We used the antisense morpholino (MO) technique to create a zebrafish acardiac model. For thyroid rescue experiments, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway induction in zebrafish embryos was obtained by manipulation of heat-shock inducible transgenic lines. Results: Combined analyses of thyroid and cardiovascular development revealed that overactivation of Wnt signaling during early development leads to impaired thyroid specification concurrent with severe defects in the cardiac specification. When using a model of MO-induced blockage of cardiomyocyte differentiation, a similar correlation was observed, suggesting that defective signaling between cardiac mesoderm and endodermal thyroid precursors contributes to thyroid specification impairment. Rescue experiments through transient overactivation of BMP signaling could partially restore thyroid specification in models with defective cardiac development. Conclusion: Collectively, our results indicate that BMP signaling is critically required for thyroid cell specification and identify cardiac mesoderm as a likely source of BMP signals.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Genetically Modified
- Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2/genetics
- Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2/metabolism
- Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4/genetics
- Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4/metabolism
- Congenital Hypothyroidism/genetics
- Congenital Hypothyroidism/metabolism
- Congenital Hypothyroidism/pathology
- Cytoskeletal Proteins/genetics
- Cytoskeletal Proteins/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Embryonic Development
- Endoderm/abnormalities
- Endoderm/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Heart Defects, Congenital/genetics
- Heart Defects, Congenital/metabolism
- Heart Defects, Congenital/pathology
- Mesoderm/abnormalities
- Mesoderm/metabolism
- Morpholinos/genetics
- Morpholinos/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Oligonucleotides, Antisense/genetics
- Oligonucleotides, Antisense/metabolism
- Thyroid Dysgenesis/genetics
- Thyroid Dysgenesis/metabolism
- Thyroid Dysgenesis/pathology
- Thyroid Gland/abnormalities
- Thyroid Gland/metabolism
- Wnt Proteins/genetics
- Wnt Proteins/metabolism
- Wnt Signaling Pathway
- Zebrafish/embryology
- Zebrafish/genetics
- Zebrafish/metabolism
- Zebrafish Proteins/genetics
- Zebrafish Proteins/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Vandernoot
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research in Molecular Human Biology (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benoît Haerlingen
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research in Molecular Human Biology (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Gillotay
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research in Molecular Human Biology (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Achim Trubiroha
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research in Molecular Human Biology (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Department Chemicals and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Véronique Janssens
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research in Molecular Human Biology (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Robert Opitz
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research in Molecular Human Biology (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Institute of Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Costagliola
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research in Molecular Human Biology (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zeber-Lubecka N, Hennig EE. Genetic Susceptibility to Joint Occurrence of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: How Far Is Our Understanding? Front Immunol 2021; 12:606620. [PMID: 33746952 PMCID: PMC7968419 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.606620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) are endocrine disorders that commonly occur among young women. A higher prevalence of HT in women with PCOS, relative to healthy individuals, is observed consistently. Combined occurrence of both diseases is associated with a higher risk of severe metabolic and reproductive complications. Genetic factors strongly impact the pathogenesis of both PCOS and HT and several susceptibility loci associated with a higher risk of both disorders have been identified. Furthermore, some candidate gene polymorphisms are thought to be functionally relevant; however, few genetic variants are proposed to be causally associated with the incidence of both disorders together.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Zeber-Lubecka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa E Hennig
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Genetics, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Guevara-Aguirre J, Torres C, Peña G, Palacios M, Bautista C, Guevara A, Gavilanes AW. IGF-I deficiency and enhanced insulin sensitivity due to a mutated growth hormone receptor gene in humans. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 519:111044. [PMID: 33053393 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.111044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Human size is achieved by the coordinated expression of many genes. From conception to adulthood, a given genomic endowment is modified by highly variable environmental circumstances. During each stage of a person's life, distinct nutritional and hormonal influences continuously shape growing physical features until mature characteristics are attained. Underlying processes depend on precise provision of substrates and energy extracted by insulin action from nutrients, which allows cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival, under the concerted actions of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I). It should be noted that growth and metabolic signaling pathways are interdependent and superimposed at multiple levels. Attainment of a fully developed human phenotype should be considered as a harmonious increment in body size rather than a simple increase in height. From this perspective we herein analyze adult features of individuals with an inactive growth hormone receptor, who consequently have severely diminished concentrations of serum insulin and endocrine IGF-I.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Guevara-Aguirre
- Colegio de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Diego de Robles s/n y Pampite, Cumbayá, Quito, Ecuador; Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Instituto de Endocrinología IEMYR, Quito, Ecuador.
| | - Carlos Torres
- Colegio de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Diego de Robles s/n y Pampite, Cumbayá, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Gabriela Peña
- Colegio de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Diego de Robles s/n y Pampite, Cumbayá, Quito, Ecuador
| | - María Palacios
- Colegio de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Diego de Robles s/n y Pampite, Cumbayá, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Camila Bautista
- Colegio de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Diego de Robles s/n y Pampite, Cumbayá, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Posabella A, Alber AB, Undeutsch HJ, Droeser RA, Hollenberg AN, Ikonomou L, Kotton DN. Derivation of Thyroid Follicular Cells From Pluripotent Stem Cells: Insights From Development and Implications for Regenerative Medicine. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:666565. [PMID: 33959101 PMCID: PMC8095374 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.666565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapies to reconstitute in vivo organ function hold great promise for future clinical applications to a variety of diseases. Hypothyroidism resulting from congenital lack of functional thyrocytes, surgical tissue removal, or gland ablation, represents a particularly attractive endocrine disease target that may be conceivably cured by transplantation of long-lived functional thyroid progenitors or mature follicular epithelial cells, provided a source of autologous cells can be generated and a variety of technical and biological challenges can be surmounted. Here we review the emerging literature indicating that thyroid follicular epithelial cells can now be engineered in vitro from the pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) of mice, normal humans, or patients with congenital hypothyroidism. We review the in vivo embryonic development of the thyroid gland and explain how emerging discoveries in developmental biology have been utilized as a roadmap for driving PSCs, which resemble cells of the early embryo, into mature functional thyroid follicles in vitro. Finally, we discuss the bioengineering, biological, and clinical hurdles that now need to be addressed if the goals of life-long cure of hypothyroidism through cell- and/or gene-based therapies are to be attained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Posabella
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
- University Center of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases—Clarunis, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea B. Alber
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hendrik J. Undeutsch
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Raoul A. Droeser
- University Center of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases—Clarunis, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anthony N. Hollenberg
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Laertis Ikonomou
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
- The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Darrell N. Kotton
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
- The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Darrell N. Kotton,
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mikosch P, Weixlbaumer V, Irrgang M, Aistleitner A, Trifina-Mikosch E. Hemiagenesis of the thyroid gland detected by coincidence-what is the clinical relevance? : Case report and review of the literature. Wien Med Wochenschr 2020; 170:403-409. [PMID: 33026543 PMCID: PMC7593389 DOI: 10.1007/s10354-020-00783-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Hemiagenesis of the thyroid gland (THA) represents a rare congenital anomaly. It is characterized by the absence of one thyroid lobe, and sometimes the isthmus as well. It can occur with all kinds of other thyroid pathologies that may be present in the remaining thyroid lobe. A case of a 21-year-old male patient is presented; he sought a thyroid consultation because of hair loss, fatigue, and problems concentrating, thus raising the suspicion of hypothyroidism. Thyroid function was normal, but sonography of the thyroid gland revealed THA of the left lobe and the isthmus. The current knowledge concerning the genesis and the clinical consequences of THA are discussed based on the current literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Mikosch
- Department of Internal Medicine 2, General Hospital Mistelbach-Gänserndorf, Mistelbach, Austria.
- University Teaching Unit, Medizinische Universität Wien/Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Verena Weixlbaumer
- University Teaching Unit, Medizinische Universität Wien/Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Irrgang
- University Teaching Unit, Medizinische Universität Wien/Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Adrian Aistleitner
- University Teaching Unit, Medizinische Universität Wien/Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Trifina-Mikosch
- University Teaching Unit, Medizinische Universität Wien/Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kolomenski JE, Delea M, Simonetti L, Fabbro MC, Espeche LD, Taboas M, Nadra AD, Bruque CD, Dain L. An update on genetic variants of the NKX2-5. Hum Mutat 2020; 41:1187-1208. [PMID: 32369864 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
NKX2-5 is a homeodomain transcription factor that plays a crucial role in heart development. It is the first gene where a single genetic variant (GV) was found to be associated with congenital heart diseases in humans. In this study, we carried out a comprehensive survey of NKX2-5 GVs to build a unified, curated, and updated compilation of all available GVs. We retrieved a total of 1,380 unique GVs. From these, 970 had information on their frequency in the general population and 143 have been linked to pathogenic phenotypes in humans. In vitro effect was ascertained for 38 GVs. The homeodomain had the biggest cluster of pathogenic variants in the protein: 49 GVs in 60 residues, 23 in its third α-helix, where 11 missense variants may affect protein-DNA interaction or the hydrophobic core. We also pinpointed the likely location of pathogenic GVs in four linear motifs. These analyses allowed us to assign a putative explanation for the effect of 90 GVs. This study pointed to reliable pathogenicity for GVs in helix 3 of the homeodomain and may broaden the scope of functional and structural studies that can be done to better understand the effect of GVs in NKX2-5 function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge E Kolomenski
- Departamento de Química Biológica Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, IQUIBICEN-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Biociencias, Biotecnología y Biología Traslacional, iB3, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marisol Delea
- Centro Nacional de Genética Médica, ANLIS, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leandro Simonetti
- Department of Chemistry-Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Lucía D Espeche
- Centro Nacional de Genética Médica, ANLIS, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Melisa Taboas
- Centro Nacional de Genética Médica, ANLIS, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro D Nadra
- Departamento de Química Biológica Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, IQUIBICEN-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Biociencias, Biotecnología y Biología Traslacional, iB3, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos D Bruque
- Centro Nacional de Genética Médica, ANLIS, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Liliana Dain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Biociencias, Biotecnología y Biología Traslacional, iB3, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Centro Nacional de Genética Médica, ANLIS, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Moroni L, Barbaro F, Caiment F, Coleman O, Costagliola S, Di Conza G, Elviri L, Giselbrecht S, Krause C, Mota C, Nazzari M, Pennington SR, Ringwald A, Sandri M, Thomas S, Waddington J, Toni R. SCREENED: A Multistage Model of Thyroid Gland Function for Screening Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in a Biologically Sex-Specific Manner. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3648. [PMID: 32455722 PMCID: PMC7279272 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrine disruptors (EDs) are chemicals that contribute to health problems by interfering with the physiological production and target effects of hormones, with proven impacts on a number of endocrine systems including the thyroid gland. Exposure to EDs has also been associated with impairment of the reproductive system and incidence in occurrence of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases during ageing. SCREENED aims at developing in vitro assays based on rodent and human thyroid cells organized in three different three-dimensional (3D) constructs. Due to different levels of anatomical complexity, each of these constructs has the potential to increasingly mimic the structure and function of the native thyroid gland, ultimately achieving relevant features of its 3D organization including: 1) a 3D organoid based on stem cell-derived thyrocytes, 2) a 3D organoid based on a decellularized thyroid lobe stromal matrix repopulated with stem cell-derived thyrocytes, and 3) a bioprinted organoid based on stem cell-derived thyrocytes able to mimic the spatial and geometrical features of a native thyroid gland. These 3D constructs will be hosted in a modular microbioreactor equipped with innovative sensing technology and enabling precise control of cell culture conditions. New superparamagnetic biocompatible and biomimetic particles will be used to produce "magnetic cells" to support precise spatiotemporal homing of the cells in the 3D decellularized and bioprinted constructs. Finally, these 3D constructs will be used to screen the effect of EDs on the thyroid function in a unique biological sex-specific manner. Their performance will be assessed individually, in comparison with each other, and against in vivo studies. The resulting 3D assays are expected to yield responses to low doses of different EDs, with sensitivity and specificity higher than that of classical 2D in vitro assays and animal models. Supporting the "Adverse Outcome Pathway" concept, proteogenomic analysis and biological computational modelling of the underlying mode of action of the tested EDs will be pursued to gain a mechanistic understanding of the chain of events from exposure to adverse toxic effects on thyroid function. For future uptake, SCREENED will engage discussion with relevant stakeholder groups, including regulatory bodies and industry, to ensure that the assays will fit with purposes of ED safety assessment. In this project review, we will briefly discuss the current state of the art in cellular assays of EDs and how our project aims at further advancing the field of cellular assays for EDs interfering with the thyroid gland.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Moroni
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, Maastricht University, 6229ET Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Fulvio Barbaro
- Department of Medicine and Surgery—DIMEC, Unit of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences (S.BI.BI.T.), Laboratory of Regenerative Morphology and Bioartificial Structures (Re.Mo.Bio.S. Lab.), University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy; (F.B.); (G.D.C.); (R.T.)
| | - Florian Caiment
- Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, 6229ET Maastricht, The Netherlands; (F.C.); (M.N.)
| | - Orla Coleman
- Atturos Ltd., c/o Conway Research Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland; (O.C.); (S.R.P.)
| | - Sabine Costagliola
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research in Molecular Human Biology (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Giusy Di Conza
- Department of Medicine and Surgery—DIMEC, Unit of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences (S.BI.BI.T.), Laboratory of Regenerative Morphology and Bioartificial Structures (Re.Mo.Bio.S. Lab.), University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy; (F.B.); (G.D.C.); (R.T.)
| | - Lisa Elviri
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy;
| | - Stefan Giselbrecht
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Department of Instruct Biomaterials Engineering, Maastricht University, 6229ET Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | | | - Carlos Mota
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, Maastricht University, 6229ET Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Marta Nazzari
- Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, 6229ET Maastricht, The Netherlands; (F.C.); (M.N.)
| | - Stephen R. Pennington
- Atturos Ltd., c/o Conway Research Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland; (O.C.); (S.R.P.)
- UCD Conway Institute, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland;
| | | | - Monica Sandri
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics, National Research Council of Italy (ISTEC-CNR), 48018 Faenza, Italy;
| | - Simon Thomas
- Cyprotex Discovery Ltd., No. 24 Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, UK;
| | - James Waddington
- UCD Conway Institute, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland;
| | - Roberto Toni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery—DIMEC, Unit of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences (S.BI.BI.T.), Laboratory of Regenerative Morphology and Bioartificial Structures (Re.Mo.Bio.S. Lab.), University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy; (F.B.); (G.D.C.); (R.T.)
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Tufts Medical Center - Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ran Q, Zhou Q, Oda K, Yasue A, Abe M, Ye X, Li Y, Sasaoka T, Sakimura K, Ajioka Y, Saijo Y. Generation of Thyroid Tissues From Embryonic Stem Cells via Blastocyst Complementation In Vivo. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:609697. [PMID: 33381086 PMCID: PMC7767966 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.609697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The generation of mature, functional, thyroid follicular cells from pluripotent stem cells would potentially provide a therapeutic benefit for patients with hypothyroidism, but in vitro differentiation remains difficult. We earlier reported the in vivo generation of lung organs via blastocyst complementation in fibroblast growth factor 10 (Fgf10), compound, heterozygous mutant (Fgf10 Ex1mut/Ex3mut) mice. Fgf10 also plays an essential role in thyroid development and branching morphogenesis, but any role thereof in thyroid organogenesis remains unclear. Here, we report that the thyroids of Fgf10 Ex1mut/Ex3mut mice exhibit severe hypoplasia, and we generate thyroid tissues from mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in Fgf10 Ex1mut/Ex3mut mice via blastocyst complementation. The tissues were morphologically normal and physiologically functional. The thyroid follicular cells of Fgf10 Ex1mut/Ex3mut chimeric mice were derived largely from GFP-positive mouse ESCs although the recipient cells were mixed. Thyroid generation in vivo via blastocyst complementation will aid functional thyroid regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingsong Ran
- Department of Medical Oncology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Qiliang Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
- *Correspondence: Qiliang Zhou,
| | - Kanako Oda
- Department of Comparative and Experimental Medicine, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yasue
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Animal Model Development, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Xulu Ye
- Department of Medical Oncology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yingchun Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Toshikuni Sasaoka
- Department of Comparative and Experimental Medicine, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kenji Sakimura
- Department of Animal Model Development, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yoichi Ajioka
- Division of Molecular and Diagnostic Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yasuo Saijo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Haerlingen B, Opitz R, Vandernoot I, Trubiroha A, Gillotay P, Giusti N, Costagliola S. Small-Molecule Screening in Zebrafish Embryos Identifies Signaling Pathways Regulating Early Thyroid Development. Thyroid 2019; 29:1683-1703. [PMID: 31507237 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2019.0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background: Defects in embryonic development of the thyroid gland are a major cause for congenital hypothyroidism in human newborns, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are still poorly understood. Organ development relies on a tightly regulated interplay between extrinsic signaling cues and cell intrinsic factors. At present, however, there is limited knowledge about the specific extrinsic signaling cues that regulate foregut endoderm patterning, thyroid cell specification, and subsequent morphogenetic processes in thyroid development. Methods: To begin to address this problem in a systematic way, we used zebrafish embryos to perform a series of in vivo phenotype-driven chemical genetic screens to identify signaling cues regulating early thyroid development. For this purpose, we treated zebrafish embryos during different developmental periods with a panel of small-molecule compounds known to manipulate the activity of major signaling pathways and scored phenotypic deviations in thyroid, endoderm, and cardiovascular development using whole-mount in situ hybridization and transgenic fluorescent reporter models. Results: Systematic assessment of drugged embryos recovered a range of thyroid phenotypes including expansion, reduction or lack of the early thyroid anlage, defective thyroid budding, as well as hypoplastic, enlarged, or overtly disorganized presentation of the thyroid primordium after budding. Our pharmacological screening identified bone morphogenetic protein and fibroblast growth factor signaling as key factors for thyroid specification and early thyroid organogenesis, highlighted the importance of low Wnt activities during early development for thyroid specification, and implicated drug-induced cardiac and vascular anomalies as likely indirect mechanisms causing various forms of thyroid dysgenesis. Conclusions: By integrating the outcome of our screening efforts with previously available information from other model organisms including Xenopus, chicken, and mouse, we conclude that signaling cues regulating thyroid development appear broadly conserved across vertebrates. We therefore expect that observations made in zebrafish can inform mammalian models of thyroid organogenesis to further our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of congenital thyroid diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Haerlingen
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research in Molecular Human Biology (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Robert Opitz
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research in Molecular Human Biology (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Institute of Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Isabelle Vandernoot
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research in Molecular Human Biology (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Achim Trubiroha
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research in Molecular Human Biology (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Gillotay
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research in Molecular Human Biology (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicoletta Giusti
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research in Molecular Human Biology (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sabine Costagliola
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research in Molecular Human Biology (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chen N, Schill RL, O'Donnell M, Xu K, Bagchi DP, MacDougald OA, Koenig RJ, Xu B. The transcription factor NKX1-2 promotes adipogenesis and may contribute to a balance between adipocyte and osteoblast differentiation. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:18408-18420. [PMID: 31615896 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.007967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Although adipogenesis is mainly controlled by a small number of master transcription factors, including CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein family members and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), other transcription factors also are involved in this process. Thyroid cancer cells expressing a paired box 8 (PAX8)-PPARγ fusion oncogene trans-differentiate into adipocyte-like cells in the presence of the PPARγ ligand pioglitazone, but this trans-differentiation is inhibited by the transcription factor NK2 homeobox 1 (NKX2-1). Here, we tested whether NKX family members may play a role also in normal adipogenesis. Using quantitative RT-PCR (RT-qPCR), we examined the expression of all 14 NKX family members during 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation. We found that most NKX members, including NKX2-1, are expressed at very low levels throughout differentiation. However, mRNA and protein expression of a related family member, NKX1-2, was induced during adipocyte differentiation. NKX1-2 also was up-regulated in cultured murine ear mesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs) during adipogenesis. Importantly, shRNA-mediated NKX1-2 knockdown in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes or EMSCs almost completely blocked adipocyte differentiation. Furthermore, NKX1-2 overexpression promoted differentiation of the ST2 bone marrow-derived mesenchymal precursor cell line into adipocytes. Additional findings suggested that NKX1-2 promotes adipogenesis by inhibiting expression of the antiadipogenic protein COUP transcription factor II. Bone marrow mesenchymal precursor cells can differentiate into adipocytes or osteoblasts, and we found that NKX1-2 both promotes ST2 cell adipogenesis and inhibits their osteoblastogenic differentiation. These results support a role for NKX1-2 in promoting adipogenesis and possibly in regulating the balance between adipocyte and osteoblast differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal precursor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noah Chen
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Rebecca L Schill
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Michael O'Donnell
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Kevin Xu
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Devika P Bagchi
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Ormond A MacDougald
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Ronald J Koenig
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Bin Xu
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Nakamura T, Ichii O, Sunden Y, Elewa YHA, Yoshiyasu T, Hattori H, Tatsumi O, Kon Y, Nagasaki KI. Slc:Wistar/ST rats develop unilateral thyroid dysgenesis: A novel animal model of thyroid hemiagenesis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221939. [PMID: 31465501 PMCID: PMC6715207 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental anomalies of the thyroid gland lead to congenital malformations such as thyroglossal duct cysts and thyroid dysgenesis. However, the pathogenesis of thyroid dysgenesis remains unclear due to the lack of suitable animal models. This study demonstrated that Slc:Wistar/ST rats frequently developed unilateral thyroid dysgenesis, including hemiagenesis, characterized by the absence of one lobe. In Wistar/ST rats, each thyroid lobe was frequently different in size, and approximately 27% and 20% of the rats presented with hemihypoplasia and hemiagenesis of the thyroid gland, respectively. Dysgenesis was predominant on the left side in both sexes, without sex differences. At a young age, thyroid hemiagenesis did not alter body weight. In rats of both sexes with thyroid hemiagenesis, plasma total triiodothyronine and total triiodothyronine levels remained unchanged while plasma thyroid-stimulating hormone levels were significantly elevated in young rats. The remaining thyroid lobes increased in weight, but the follicular epithelial cells appeared normal in terms of their height and proliferating activities. On the side of thyroid dysgenesis, the parathyroid glands were normally localized and were situated at the same location as the contralateral glands. The ultimobranchial body remnants were localized at the level of the thyroid gland along with the cranial thyroid artery and vein, forming cell clusters or cystic structures and containing calcitonin-positive C-cells. In conclusion, Wistar/ST rats developed unilateral thyroid dysgenesis and may be novel and useful animal models for thyroid hemiagenesis in humans and for morphogenesis of pharyngeal pouch-derived organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teppei Nakamura
- Section of Biomedical Science, Chitose Laboratory, Japan Food Research Laboratories, Chitose, Hokkaido, Japan
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Division of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Osamu Ichii
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Division of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuji Sunden
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Yaser Hosny Ali Elewa
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Division of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Tomoji Yoshiyasu
- Section of Biological Safety Research, Chitose Laboratory, Japan Food Research Laboratories, Chitose, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hideki Hattori
- Section of Biological Safety Research, Chitose Laboratory, Japan Food Research Laboratories, Chitose, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Osamu Tatsumi
- Section of Biomedical Science, Chitose Laboratory, Japan Food Research Laboratories, Chitose, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kon
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Division of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Nagasaki
- Section of Biological Safety Research, Tama Laboratory, Japan Food Research Laboratories, Tama, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lim JS, Jung GY, Park SY. Nkx-2.5 Regulates MDR1 Expression via Its Upstream Promoter in Breast Cancer Cells. J Korean Med Sci 2019; 34:e100. [PMID: 30940996 PMCID: PMC6439202 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2019.34.e100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased expression of MDR1 gene is one of the major mechanisms responsible for multidrug resistance in cancer cells. Two alternative promoters, upstream and downstream, are responsible for transcription of MDR1 gene in the human. However, the molecular mechanism regarding the transactivation of MDR1 upstream promoter (USP) has not been determined. METHODS Dual-luciferase reporter gene assays were used to assess the effect of Nkx-2.5 on MDR1 USP activity using reporter plasmids for human MDR1 USP and its mutants. MDR1 mRNA level was examined by quantitative real-time PCR. The direct binding of Nkx-2.5 to the USP of MDR1 was evaluated by promoter enzyme immunoassays and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. RESULTS Nkx-2.5 significantly stimulates the transactivation of MDR1 USP and increases MDR1 mRNA expression in MCF7 breast cancer cells. Reporter gene assays with deleted MDR1 USPs showed that the Nkx-2.5-binding site is located between positions -71 and +12. Mutation of the Nkx-2.5-binding site at nucleotide +4 to +10 markedly reduced the Nkx-2.5-mediated activation of MDR1 USP activity. A promoter binding immunoassay and a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed that Nkx-2.5 binds directly to the region +4/+10 of human MDR1 USP. CONCLUSION The results in the present study show Nkx-2.5 is a positive regulator for the transactivation of MDR1 USP in MCF7 breast cancer cells. Our findings will help elucidate the regulatory mechanism responsible for the multidrug resistant cancer phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Suk Lim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Korea
| | - Gyu Yeon Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Korea
| | - Seung-Yoon Park
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Cerqueira TLDO, Ramos YR, Strappa GB, Jesus MSD, Santos JG, Sousa C, Carvalho G, Fernandes V, Boa-Sorte N, Amorim T, Silva TM, Ladeia AMT, Acosta AX, Ramos HE. Mutation screening in the genes PAX-8, NKX2-5, TSH-R, HES-1 in cohort of 63 Brazilian children with thyroid dysgenesis. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2018; 62:466-471. [PMID: 30304112 PMCID: PMC10118737 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the candidate genes PAX-8, NKX2-5, TSH-R and HES-1 in 63 confirmed cases of thyroid dysgenesis. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Characterization of patients with congenital hypothyroidism into specific subtypes of thyroid dysgenesis with hormone levels (TT4 and TSH), thyroid ultrasound and scintigraphy. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes and the genetic analysis was realized by investigating the presence of mutations in the transcription factor genes involved in thyroid development. RESULTS No mutations were detected in any of the candidate genes. In situ thyroid gland represented 71.1% of all cases of permanent primary congenital hypothyroidism, followed by hypoplasia (9.6%), ectopia (78%), hemiagenesis (6.0%) and agenesis (5.5%). The highest neonatal screening TSH levels were in the agenesis group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Thyroid dysgenesis is possibly a polygenic disorder and epigenetic factors could to be implicated in these pathogeneses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taíse Lima de Oliveira Cerqueira
- Departamento de Biorregulação, Laboratório de Estudo da Tiroide, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia em Saúde e Medicina Investigativa, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz (IGM/ Fiocruz), Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - Yanne Rocha Ramos
- Departamento de Biorregulação, Laboratório de Estudo da Tiroide, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - Giorgia Bruna Strappa
- Departamento de Biorregulação, Laboratório de Estudo da Tiroide, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - Mariana Souza de Jesus
- Departamento de Biorregulação, Laboratório de Estudo da Tiroide, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - Jailciele Gonzaga Santos
- Departamento de Biorregulação, Laboratório de Estudo da Tiroide, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - Camila Sousa
- Departamento de Biorregulação, Laboratório de Estudo da Tiroide, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - Gildásio Carvalho
- Associação de Pais e Amigos dos Excepcionais (APAE), Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | | | - Ney Boa-Sorte
- Associação de Pais e Amigos dos Excepcionais (APAE), Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - Tatiana Amorim
- Associação de Pais e Amigos dos Excepcionais (APAE), Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - Thiago Magalhães Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - Ana Marice Teixeira Ladeia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Humana e Medicina, Escola Bahiana de Saúde e Medicina, Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - Angelina Xavier Acosta
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia em Saúde e Medicina Investigativa, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz (IGM/ Fiocruz), Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - Helton Estrela Ramos
- Departamento de Biorregulação, Laboratório de Estudo da Tiroide, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia em Saúde e Medicina Investigativa, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz (IGM/ Fiocruz), Salvador, BA, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Nakamura T, Elewa YHA, Ichii O, Hosotani M, Ghonimi WAM, Tatsumi O, Nagasaki KI, Kon Y. Restricted localization of ultimobranchial body remnants and parafollicular cells in the one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius). J Vet Med Sci 2018; 80:1368-1372. [PMID: 30068831 PMCID: PMC6160880 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Parafollicular cells (C-cells) exist within the thyroid glands and display different distributions within the glands among mammalian species. In the one-humped camel (Camelus
dromedarius), localization of the C-cells remains under debate. We herein investigated appearance of C-cells and the remnants of the ultimobranchial body, origin of C-cells, in
the thyroid glands of one-humped camels. Macroscopically, a white mass was present at one-third the length from the cranial end of the thyroid glands where the cranial thyroid artery
entered. In addition, large fossae were frequently found adjacent to the white mass. Histologically, the mass was mainly composed of connective tissues, thyroid follicles, and two types of
cell clusters: one was composed of cells with clear cytoplasm and the other was composed of non-keratinized epidermoid cells. The mass and the fossae contained p63-positive cells, indicating
that they consisted of ultimobranchial body remnants. Calcitonin was expressed in cells with clear cytoplasm, which were localized just beneath the fossae and in the cell clusters of the
white mass. C-cells also resided in both subfollicular and interfollicular spaces adjacent to the white mass, but gradually decreased toward the periphery. C-cells tended to display round
shapes in the ultimobranchial body remnants and subfollicular spaces, and spindle shapes in interfollicular spaces. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the ultimobranchial body remnants were
limited to the region around the entrance of cranial thyroid artery and vein, and C-cells were mainly concentrated within and around the ultimobranchial body remnants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teppei Nakamura
- Section of Biological Science, Chitose Laboratory, Japan Food Research Laboratories, Chitose, Hokkaido 066-0052, Japan.,Laboratory of Anatomy, Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Yaser Hosny Ali Elewa
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan.,Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Osamu Ichii
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Marina Hosotani
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Wael A M Ghonimi
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Osamu Tatsumi
- Section of Biological Science, Chitose Laboratory, Japan Food Research Laboratories, Chitose, Hokkaido 066-0052, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Nagasaki
- Section of Biological Safety Research, Tama Laboratory, Japan Food Research Laboratories, Tama, Tokyo 206-0025, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kon
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
McLachlan SM, Aliesky HA, Garcia P, Banuelos B, Rapoport B. Thyroid Hemiagenesis in a Thyroiditis Prone Mouse Strain. Eur Thyroid J 2018; 7:187-192. [PMID: 30283736 PMCID: PMC6140602 DOI: 10.1159/000490700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid hemiagenesis, a rare congenital condition detected by ultrasound screening of the neck, is usually not manifested clinically in humans. This condition has been reported in mice with hypothyroidism associated with induced deficiency in paired box 8 and NK2 homeobox 1, sonic hedgehog, or T-box 1. Unexpectedly, we observed thyroid hemiagenesis in NOD.H2h4 mice, an unusual strain that spontaneously develops iodide enhanced thyroid autoimmunity but remains euthyroid. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS First, to compare mice with thyroid hemiagenesis versus bilobed littermates for serum T4, autoantibodies to thyroglobulin (ELISA) and thyroid peroxidase (TPO; flow cytometry with eukaryotic cells expressing mouse TPO), gross anatomy, and thyroid histology; second, to estimate the percentage of mice with thyroid hemiagenesis in the NOD.H2h4 mice we have studied over 6 years. RESULTS Thyroid hemiagenesis was observed in 3 of 1,025 NOD.H2h4 mice (2 females, 1 male; 0.3$). Two instances of hemiagenesis were in wild-type females and one in a transgenic male expressing the human TSHR A-subunit in the thyroid. Two mice had very large unilobed glands, as in some human cases with this condition. Thyroid lymphocytic infiltration, serum T4, and the levels of thyroid autoantibodies were similar in mice with thyroid hemiagenesis and bilobed littermates. CONCLUSIONS Unlike hypothyroidism associated with hemiagenesis in transcription factor knockout mice, hemiagenesis in euthyroid NOD.H2h4 mice occurs spontaneously and is phenotypically similar to that occasionally observed in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M. McLachlan
- Thyroid Autoimmune Disease Unit, Cedars-Sinai Research Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
- UCLA School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- *Sandra M. McLachlan, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, B-131, Los Angeles, CA 90048 (USA), E-Mail
| | - Holly A. Aliesky
- Thyroid Autoimmune Disease Unit, Cedars-Sinai Research Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Priscilla Garcia
- Thyroid Autoimmune Disease Unit, Cedars-Sinai Research Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Bianca Banuelos
- Thyroid Autoimmune Disease Unit, Cedars-Sinai Research Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Basil Rapoport
- Thyroid Autoimmune Disease Unit, Cedars-Sinai Research Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
- UCLA School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing technologies have revolutionized the identification of disease-causing genes, accelerating the discovery of new mutations and new candidate genes for thyroid diseases. To face this flow of novel genetic information, it is important to have suitable animal models to study the mechanisms regulating thyroid development and thyroid hormone availability and activity. Zebrafish ( Danio rerio), with its rapid external embryonic development, has been extensively used in developmental biology. To date, almost all of the components of the zebrafish thyroid axis have been characterized and are structurally and functionally comparable with those of higher vertebrates. The availability of transgenic fluorescent zebrafish lines allows the real-time analysis of thyroid organogenesis and its alterations. Transient morpholino-knockdown is a solution to silence the expression of a gene of interest and promptly obtain insights on its contribution during the development of the zebrafish thyroid axis. The recently available tools for targeted stable gene knockout have further increased the value of zebrafish to the study of thyroid disease. All of the reported zebrafish models can also be used to screen small compounds and to test new drugs and may allow the establishment of experimental proof of concept to plan subsequent clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Marelli
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Persani
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Lab of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Tesselaar MH, Smit JW, Nagarajah J, Netea-Maier RT, Plantinga TS. Pathological processes and therapeutic advances in radioiodide refractory thyroid cancer. J Mol Endocrinol 2017; 59:R141-R154. [PMID: 28931558 DOI: 10.1530/jme-17-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
While in most patients with non-medullary thyroid cancer (TC), disease remission is achieved by thyroidectomy and ablation of tumor remnants by radioactive iodide (RAI), a substantial subgroup of patients with metastatic disease present tumor lesions that have acquired RAI resistance as a result of dedifferentiation. Although oncogenic mutations in BRAF, TERT promoter and TP53 are associated with an increased propensity for induction of dedifferentiation, the role of genetic and epigenetic aberrations and their effects on important intracellular signaling pathways is not yet fully elucidated. Also immune, metabolic, stemness and microRNA pathways have emerged as important determinants of TC dedifferentiation and RAI resistance. These signaling pathways have major clinical implications since their targeting could inhibit TC progression and could enable redifferentiation to restore RAI sensitivity. In this review, we discuss the current insights into the pathological processes conferring dedifferentiation and RAI resistance in TC and elaborate on novel advances in diagnostics and therapy to improve the clinical outcome of RAI-refractory TC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marika H Tesselaar
- Department of PathologyRadboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes W Smit
- Internal MedicineDivision of Endocrinology Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - James Nagarajah
- Radiology & Nuclear MedicineRadboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Romana T Netea-Maier
- Internal MedicineDivision of Endocrinology Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Theo S Plantinga
- Department of PathologyRadboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Vázquez-Román V, Utrilla JC, Fernández-Santos JM, Martín-Lacave I. Immunohistochemical profiling of the ultimobranchial remnants in the rat postnatal thyroid gland. J Morphol 2017; 278:1114-1124. [PMID: 28466563 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ultimobranchial (UB) remnants are a constant presence in the thyroid throughout rat postnatal life; however, the difficulty in identifying the most immature forms from the surrounding thyroid tissue prompted us to search for a specific marker. With that objective, we applied a panel of antibodies reported to be specific for their human counterpart, solid cell nests (SCNs), using double immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Our results demonstrated that cytokeratin 34βE12 and p63 are highly sensitive markers for the immunohistologic screening of UB-remnants, independently of their maturity or size. Furthermore, rat UB-follicles (UBFs) coincided with human SCNs in the immunohistochemical pattern exhibited by both antigens. In contrast, the pattern displayed for calcitonin and thyroglobulin differs considerably but confirm the hypothesis that rat UB-cells can differentiate into both types of thyroid endocrine cells. This hypothesis agrees with recent findings that thyroid C-cells share an endodermic origin with follicular cells in rodents. We suggest that the persistence of p63-positive undifferentiated cells in UB-remnants may constitute a reservoir of basal/stem cells that persist beyond embryogenesis from which, in certain unknown conditions, differentiated thyroid cells or even unusual tumors may arise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Vázquez-Román
- Department of Normal and Pathological Cytology and Histology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - José C Utrilla
- Department of Normal and Pathological Cytology and Histology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - José M Fernández-Santos
- Department of Normal and Pathological Cytology and Histology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Inés Martín-Lacave
- Department of Normal and Pathological Cytology and Histology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Huynh MT, Boudry-Labis E, Duban B, Andrieux J, Tran CT, Tampere H, Ceraso D, Manouvrier S, Tachdjian G, Roche-Lestienne C, Vincent-Delorme C. WAGR syndrome and congenital hypothyroidism in a child with a Mosaic 11p13 deletion. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 173:1690-1693. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minh Tuan Huynh
- Institut de Génétique Médicale et Université de Lille 2; Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre; Lille France
- Pham Ngoc Thach Medical University; Ho Chi Minh city Vietnam
- Service d'Histologie Embryologie et Cytogénétique; Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Sud; SiteAntoine Béclère, APHP; Clamart France
| | - Elise Boudry-Labis
- Institut de Génétique Médicale et Université de Lille 2; Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre; Lille France
| | - Bénédicte Duban
- Centre de Cytogénétique; Hôpital Saint Vincent de Paul; Lille France
| | - Joris Andrieux
- Institut de Génétique Médicale et Université de Lille 2; Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre; Lille France
| | - Cong Toai Tran
- Pham Ngoc Thach Medical University; Ho Chi Minh city Vietnam
| | - Heidi Tampere
- Institut de Génétique Médicale et Université de Lille 2; Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre; Lille France
| | - Delphine Ceraso
- Institut de Génétique Médicale et Université de Lille 2; Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre; Lille France
| | - Sylvie Manouvrier
- Service de Génétique Clinique Guy Fontaine et Université de Lille 2; Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre; Lille France
| | - Gérard Tachdjian
- Service d'Histologie Embryologie et Cytogénétique; Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Sud; SiteAntoine Béclère, APHP; Clamart France
| | | | - Catherine Vincent-Delorme
- Service de Génétique Clinique Guy Fontaine et Université de Lille 2; Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre; Lille France
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
Developmental anomalies of the thyroid gland, defined as thyroid dysgenesis, underlie the majority of cases of congenital hypothyroidism. Thyroid dysgenesis is predominantly a sporadic disorder although a reported familial enrichment, variation of incidence by ethnicity and the monogenic defects associated mainly with athyreosis or orthotopic thyroid hypoplasia, suggest a genetic contribution. Of note, the most common developmental anomaly, thyroid ectopy, remains unexplained. Ectopy may result from multiple genetic or epigenetic variants in the germline and/or at the somatic level. This review provides a brief overview of the monogenic defects in candidate genes that have been identified so far and of the syndromes which are known to be associated with thyroid dysgenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Abu-Khudir
- Endocrinology Service and Research Center, Sainte-Justine Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, H3T 1C5, Quebec, Canada; Chemistry Department, Biochemistry Division, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
| | - Stéphanie Larrivée-Vanier
- Endocrinology Service and Research Center, Sainte-Justine Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, H3T 1C5, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Jonathan D Wasserman
- Division of Endocrinology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada.
| | - Johnny Deladoëy
- Endocrinology Service and Research Center, Sainte-Justine Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, H3T 1C5, Quebec, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chojnowski JL, Trau HA, Masuda K, Manley NR. Temporal and spatial requirements for Hoxa3 in mouse embryonic development. Dev Biol 2016; 415:33-45. [PMID: 27178667 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Hoxa3(null) mice have severe defects in the development of pharyngeal organs including athymia, aparathyroidism, thyroid hypoplasia, and ultimobranchial body persistence, in addition to defects of the throat cartilages and cranial nerves. Some of the structures altered in the Hoxa3(null) mutant embryos are anterior to the described Hoxa3 gene expression boundary: the thyroid, soft palate, and lesser hyoid horn. All of these structures develop over time and through the interactions of multiple cell types. To investigate the specific cellular targets for HOXA3 function in these structures across developmental time, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the temporal and tissue-specific requirements for Hoxa3, including a lineage analysis using Hoxa3(Cre). The combination of these approaches showed that HOXA3 functions in both a cell autonomous and non-cell autonomous manner during development of the 3rd and 4th arch derivatives, and functions in a neural crest cell (NCC)-specific, non-cell autonomous manner for structures that were Hoxa3-negative by lineage tracing. Our data indicate that HOXA3 is required for tissue organization and organ differentiation in endodermal cells (in the tracheal epithelium, thymus, and parathyroid), and contributes to organ migration and morphogenesis in NCCs. These data provide a detailed picture of where and when HOXA3 acts to promote the development of the diverse structures that are altered in the Hoxa3(null) mutant. Data presented here, combined with our previous studies, indicate that the regionally restricted defects in Hoxa3 mutants do not reflect a role in positional identity (establishment of cell or tissue fate), but instead indicate a wider variety of functions including controlling distinct genetic programs for differentiation and morphogenesis in different cell types during development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jena L Chojnowski
- Department of Genetics, Paul D. Coverdell Center, University of Georgia, 500 DW Brooks Drive, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Heidi A Trau
- Department of Genetics, Paul D. Coverdell Center, University of Georgia, 500 DW Brooks Drive, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Kyoko Masuda
- Department of Genetics, Paul D. Coverdell Center, University of Georgia, 500 DW Brooks Drive, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Nancy R Manley
- Department of Genetics, Paul D. Coverdell Center, University of Georgia, 500 DW Brooks Drive, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Rupik W, Kowalska M, Swadźba E, Maślak R. Ultrastructural features of the differentiating thyroid primordium in the sand lizard (Lacerta agilis L.) from the differentiation of the cellular cords to the formation of the follicular lumen. ZOOLOGY 2016; 119:97-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
31
|
Szczepanek-Parulska E, Zybek-Kocik A, Woliński K, Czarnocka B, Ruchała M. Does TSH Trigger the Anti-thyroid Autoimmune Processes? Observation on a Large Cohort of Naive Patients with Thyroid Hemiagenesis. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2016; 64:331-8. [PMID: 26975391 PMCID: PMC4939166 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-016-0393-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hemiagenesis (THA) is a rare abnormality characterized by the absence of one thyroid lobe. Elevated thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level and higher incidence of thyroid diseases were reported in THA. The aim of the study is to evaluate the thyroid autoimmunity incidence in patients with THA and influence of higher than average TSH level on thyroid volume (TV) and its change with age. The study included a group of naive patients with THA and a control group of subjects with bilobate thyroid. All patients underwent clinical examination, thyroid ultrasound, scintiscan and laboratory tests. In the studied and control group the presence of thyroid autoantibodies (TAb) was evaluated. The THA group consisted of 65 patients. In THA group 53.85 % of patients were positive for TAb. Patients with positive TAb were older (46.0 ± 18.3 years) than those with negative (35.0 ± 19.8 years); p = 0.02. The incidence of TAb was lower in controls (13.85 %, p < 0.0001). In the study group, positive correlation between the age and TV (r = 0.46, p = 0.0001), and negative correlations between the age and TSH level (r = −0.31, p = 0.01), and TSH concentration and TV (r = −0.35, p = 0.004) were found. In a subgroup of 30 patients with THA negative for TAb, even stronger correlations were observed. The median single lobe volume and median TSH level were higher in patients with THA when compared to controls (13.60 vs 8.20 ml, p < 0.0001; 3.23 vs 1.48 µU/ml, p < 0.0001, respectively). Patients with THA constitute an in vivo model of long-term thyroid TSH overstimulation. Further studies are needed to reveal, whether TSH overstimulation may be the trigger for thyroid autoimmunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Szczepanek-Parulska
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355, Poznan, Poland
| | - Ariadna Zybek-Kocik
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355, Poznan, Poland
| | - Kosma Woliński
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355, Poznan, Poland
| | - Barbara Czarnocka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Ruchała
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355, Poznan, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Srichomkwun P, Admoni O, Refetoff S, de Vries L. A Novel Mutation (S54C) of the PAX8 Gene in a Family with Congenital Hypothyroidism and a High Proportion of Affected Individuals. Horm Res Paediatr 2016; 86:137-142. [PMID: 27207603 PMCID: PMC5061635 DOI: 10.1159/000445891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is a common endocrine disorder in newborns. The cause of CH is thyroid dysgenesis in 80-85% of patients. Paired box gene 8 (PAX8) is a thyroid transcription factor that plays an important role in thyroid organogenesis and development. To date, 22 different PAX8 gene mutations have been reported. METHODS Four generations of a Hungarian Jewish family were affected, and in the 3 generations studied, 9 males and 4 females were affected and 3 first-degree relatives were unaffected. Six were diagnosed at birth [thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level 59-442 mU/l] and 7 at 2-48 years of age (TSH level 6-223 mU/l). One affected patient had thyroid hemiagenesis on ultrasound. RESULTS Direct sequencing of the PAX8 gene revealed a novel single nucleotide substitution (c.162 A>T) in exon 2 that resulted in the substitution of the normal serine 54 with a cysteine (S54C), which segregated with elevated serum TSH levels. Other mutations of the same amino acid (S54G and S54R) have also been shown to produce functional impairment. CONCLUSION We report a large family with a novel mutation in the PAX8 gene presenting with variable phenotype and with a high proportion of affected family members.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Osnat Admoni
- Pediatric Endocrine Unit, Ha'Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Samuel Refetoff
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois,Department of Pediatrics and the Committee on Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Liat de Vries
- Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikvah, Israel,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Hima S, Sreeja S. Modulatory role of 17β-estradiol in the tumor microenvironment of thyroid cancer. IUBMB Life 2015; 68:85-96. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.1462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sithul Hima
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology; Thycaud Thiruvananthapuram Kerala India
| | - Sreeharshan Sreeja
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology; Thycaud Thiruvananthapuram Kerala India
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Hannan NR, Sampaziotis F, Segeritz CP, Hanley NA, Vallier L. Generation of Distal Airway Epithelium from Multipotent Human Foregut Stem Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:1680-90. [PMID: 25758640 PMCID: PMC4499787 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Collectively, lung diseases are one of the largest causes of premature death worldwide and represent a major focus in the field of regenerative medicine. Despite significant progress, only few stem cell platforms are currently available for cell-based therapy, disease modeling, and drug screening in the context of pulmonary disorders. Human foregut stem cells (hFSCs) represent an advantageous progenitor cell type that can be used to amplify large quantities of cells for regenerative medicine applications and can be derived from any human pluripotent stem cell line. Here, we further demonstrate the application of hFSCs by generating a near homogeneous population of early pulmonary endoderm cells coexpressing NKX2.1 and FOXP2. These progenitors are then able to form cells that are representative of distal airway epithelium that express NKX2.1, GATA6, and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and secrete SFTPC. This culture system can be applied to hFSCs carrying the CFTR mutation Δf508, enabling the development of an in vitro model for cystic fibrosis. This platform is compatible with drug screening and functional validations of small molecules, which can reverse the phenotype associated with CFTR mutation. This is the first demonstration that multipotent endoderm stem cells can differentiate not only into both liver and pancreatic cells but also into lung endoderm. Furthermore, our study establishes a new approach for the generation of functional lung cells that can be used for disease modeling as well as for drug screening and the study of lung development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R.F. Hannan
- Anne McLaren Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Fotios Sampaziotis
- Anne McLaren Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Charis-Patricia Segeritz
- Anne McLaren Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Neil A. Hanley
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ludovic Vallier
- Anne McLaren Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zane M, Scavo E, Catalano V, Bonanno M, Todaro M, De Maria R, Stassi G. Normal vs cancer thyroid stem cells: the road to transformation. Oncogene 2015; 35:805-15. [PMID: 25961919 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent investigations in thyroid carcinogenesis have led to the isolation and characterisation of a subpopulation of stem-like cells, responsible for tumour initiation, progression and metastasis. Nevertheless, the cellular origin of thyroid cancer stem cells (SCs) remains unknown and it is still necessary to define the process and the target population that sustain malignant transformation of tissue-resident SCs or the reprogramming of a more differentiated cell. Here, we will critically discuss new insights into thyroid SCs as a potential source of cancer formation in light of the available information on the oncogenic role of genetic modifications that occur during thyroid cancer development. Understanding the fine mechanisms that regulate tumour transformation may provide new ground for clinical intervention in terms of prevention, diagnosis and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Zane
- Department of Surgical and Oncological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - E Scavo
- Department of Surgical and Oncological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - V Catalano
- Department of Surgical and Oncological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - M Bonanno
- Department of Surgical and Oncological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - M Todaro
- Department of Surgical and Oncological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - R De Maria
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - G Stassi
- Department of Surgical and Oncological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Pereira JS, da Silva JG, Tomaz RA, Pinto AE, Bugalho MJ, Leite V, Cavaco BM. Identification of a novel germline FOXE1 variant in patients with familial non-medullary thyroid carcinoma (FNMTC). Endocrine 2015; 49:204-14. [PMID: 25381600 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-014-0470-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The familial forms of non-medullary thyroid carcinoma (FNMTC) represent approximately 5 % of thyroid neoplasms. Nine FNMTC susceptibility loci have been mapped; however, only the DICER1 and SRGAP1 susceptibility genes have been identified. The transcription factors NKX2-1, FOXE1, PAX8, and HHEX are involved in the morphogenesis and differentiation of the thyroid. Recent studies have identified NKX2-1 germline mutations in FNMTC families. However, the role of high-penetrant FOXE1 variants in FNMTC etiology remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of FOXE1 germline mutations in the pathogenesis of FNMTC. We searched for molecular changes in the FOXE1 gene in the probands from 60 Portuguese families with FNMTC. In this series, we identified nine polymorphisms and one variant (c.743C>G, p.A248G) which was not previously described. This variant, which involved an amino acid residue conserved in evolution, segregated with disease in one family, and was also detected in an apparently unrelated case of sporadic NMTC. Functional studies were performed using rat normal thyroid cells (PCCL3) clones and human papillary thyroid carcinoma cell line (TPC-1) pools, expressing the wild type and mutant (p.A248G) forms of FOXE1. In these experiments, we observed that the p.A248G variant promoted cell proliferation and migration, suggesting that it may be involved in thyroid tumorigenesis. Additionally, somatic p.V600E BRAF mutations were also detected in the thyroid tumors of two members of the family carrying the p.A248G variant. This study represents the first evidence of involvement of a germline FOXE1 rare variant in FNMTC etiology and suggests that mutations in MAPK pathway-related genes may contribute to tumor development in these familial cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana S Pereira
- Unidade de Investigacão em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Rua Prof. Lima Basto, 1099-023, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Maillard S, Damiola F, Clero E, Pertesi M, Robinot N, Rachédi F, Boissin JL, Sebbag J, Shan L, Bost-Bezeaud F, Petitdidier P, Doyon F, Xhaard C, Rubino C, Blanché H, Drozdovitch V, Lesueur F, de Vathaire F. Common variants at 9q22.33, 14q13.3, and ATM loci, and risk of differentiated thyroid cancer in the French Polynesian population. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123700. [PMID: 25849217 PMCID: PMC4388539 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND French Polynesia has one of the highest incidence rates of thyroid cancer worldwide. Relationships with the atmospheric nuclear weapons tests and other environmental, biological, or behavioral factors have already been reported, but genetic susceptibility has yet to be investigated. We assessed the contribution of polymorphisms at the 9q22.33 and 14q13.3 loci identified by GWAS, and within the DNA repair gene ATM, to the risk of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) in 177 cases and 275 matched controls from the native population. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS For the GWAS SNP rs965513 near FOXE1, an association was found between genotypes G/A and A/A, and risk of DTC. A multiplicative effect of allele A was even noted. An excess risk was also observed in individuals carrying two long alleles of the poly-alanine tract expansion in FOXE1, while no association was observed with rs1867277 falling in the promoter region of the gene. In contrast, the GWAS SNP rs944289 (NKX2-1) did not show any significant association. Although the missense substitution D1853N (rs1801516) in ATM was rare in the population, carriers of the minor allele (A) also showed an excess risk. The relationships between these five polymorphisms and the risk of DTC were not contingent on the body surface area, body mass index, ethnicity or dietary iodine intake. However, an interaction was evidenced between the thyroid radiation dose and rs944289. SIGNIFICANCE A clear link could not be established between the high incidence in French Polynesia and the studied polymorphisms, involved in susceptibility to DTC in other populations. Important variation in allele frequencies was observed in the Polynesian population as compared to the European populations. For FOXE1 rs965513, the direction of association and the effect size was similar to that observed in other populations, whereas for ATM rs1801516, the minor allele was associated to an increased risk in the Polynesian population and with a decreased risk in the European population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Maillard
- Inserm, Centre for research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Radiation Epidemiology Group, F-94800, Villejuif, France
- University Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, F-94807, Villejuif, France
- IGR, F-94800, Villejuif, France
| | - Francesca Damiola
- Genetic Cancer Susceptibility, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), F-69372, Lyon, France
- CRCL, CNRS UMR5286, INSERM U1052, Centre Leon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Enora Clero
- Inserm, Centre for research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Radiation Epidemiology Group, F-94800, Villejuif, France
- University Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, F-94807, Villejuif, France
- IGR, F-94800, Villejuif, France
| | - Maroulio Pertesi
- Genetic Cancer Susceptibility, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), F-69372, Lyon, France
| | - Nivonirina Robinot
- Genetic Cancer Susceptibility, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), F-69372, Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Françoise Doyon
- Inserm, Centre for research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Radiation Epidemiology Group, F-94800, Villejuif, France
- University Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, F-94807, Villejuif, France
- IGR, F-94800, Villejuif, France
| | - Constance Xhaard
- Inserm, Centre for research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Radiation Epidemiology Group, F-94800, Villejuif, France
- University Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, F-94807, Villejuif, France
- IGR, F-94800, Villejuif, France
| | - Carole Rubino
- Inserm, Centre for research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Radiation Epidemiology Group, F-94800, Villejuif, France
- University Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, F-94807, Villejuif, France
- IGR, F-94800, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Vladimir Drozdovitch
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Fabienne Lesueur
- Genetic Cancer Susceptibility, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), F-69372, Lyon, France
- Inserm, U900, Institut Curie, Mines ParisTech, F-75248, Paris, France
| | - Florent de Vathaire
- Inserm, Centre for research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Radiation Epidemiology Group, F-94800, Villejuif, France
- University Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, F-94807, Villejuif, France
- IGR, F-94800, Villejuif, France
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Gergics P, Brinkmeier ML, Camper SA. Lhx4 deficiency: increased cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor expression and pituitary hypoplasia. Mol Endocrinol 2015; 29:597-612. [PMID: 25668206 PMCID: PMC4399274 DOI: 10.1210/me.2014-1380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects in the Lhx4, Lhx3, and Pitx2 genes can cause combined pituitary hormone deficiency and pituitary hypoplasia in both humans and mice. Not much is known about the mechanism underlying hypoplasia in these mutants beyond generally increased cell death and poorly maintained proliferation. We identified both common and unique abnormalities in developmental regulation of key cell cycle regulator gene expression in each of these three mutants. All three mutants exhibit reduced expression of the proliferative marker Ki67 and the transitional marker p57. We discovered that expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1a (Cdkn1a or p21) is expanded dorsally in the pituitary primordium of both Lhx3 and Lhx4 mutants. Uniquely, Lhx4 mutants exhibit reduced cyclin D1 expression and have auxiliary pouch-like structures. We show evidence for indirect and direct effects of LHX4 on p21 expression in αT3-1 pituitary cells. In summary, Lhx4 is necessary for efficient pituitary progenitor cell proliferation and restriction of p21 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Gergics
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The molecular events that lead to human thyroid cell speciation remain incompletely characterized. It has been shown that overexpression of the regulatory transcription factors Pax8 and Nkx2-1 (ttf-1) directs murine embryonic stem (mES) cells to differentiate into thyroid follicular cells by initiating a transcriptional regulatory network. Such cells subsequently organized into three-dimensional follicular structures in the presence of extracellular matrix. In the current study, human embryonic stem (hES) cells were studied with the aim of recapitulating this scenario and producing functional human thyroid cell lines. METHODS Reporter gene tagged pEZ-lentiviral vectors were used to express human PAX8-eGFP and NKX2-1-mCherry in the H9 hES cell line followed by differentiation into thyroid cells directed by Activin A and thyrotropin (TSH). RESULTS Both transcription factors were expressed efficiently in hES cells expressing either PAX8, NKX2-1, or in combination in the hES cells, which had low endogenous expression of these transcription factors. Further differentiation of the double transfected cells showed the expression of thyroid-specific genes, including thyroglobulin (TG), thyroid peroxidase (TPO), the sodium/iodide symporter (NIS), and the TSH receptor (TSHR) as assessed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunostaining. Most notably, the Activin/TSH-induced differentiation approach resulted in thyroid follicle formation and abundant TG protein expression within the follicular lumens. On stimulation with TSH, these hES-derived follicles were also capable of dose-dependent cAMP generation and radioiodine uptake, indicating functional thyroid epithelial cells. CONCLUSION The induced expression of PAX8 and NKX2-1 in hES cells was followed by differentiation into thyroid epithelial cells and their commitment to form functional three-dimensional neo-follicular structures. The data provide proof of principal that hES cells can be committed to thyroid cell speciation under appropriate conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Risheng Ma
- Thyroid Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and the James J. Peters VA Medical Center , New York, New York
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Rogounovitch TI, Bychkov A, Takahashi M, Mitsutake N, Nakashima M, Nikitski AV, Hayashi T, Hirokawa M, Ishigaki K, Shigematsu K, Bogdanova T, Matsuse M, Nishihara E, Minami S, Yamanouchi K, Ito M, Kawaguchi T, Kondo H, Takamura N, Ito Y, Miyauchi A, Matsuda F, Yamashita S, Saenko VA. The common genetic variant rs944289 on chromosome 14q13.3 associates with risk of both malignant and benign thyroid tumors in the Japanese population. Thyroid 2015; 25:333-40. [PMID: 25562676 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2014.0431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) have been identified to be associated with the risk for differentiated thyroid cancer in populations of distinct ethnic background. The relationship of these genetic markers to a benign tumor of the thyroid, follicular adenoma (FA), is not well established. METHODS In a multicenter retrospective case-control study, five thyroid cancer-related SNPs-rs966513 (9q22.33, FOXE1), rs944289 (14q13.3, PTCSC3), rs2439302 (8p12, NRG1), rs1867277 (9q22.23, FOXE1), and rs6983267 (8q24, POU5F1B)-were genotyped in 959 cases of histologically verified FA, 535 papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC), and 2766 population controls. RESULTS A significant association was found between FA and rs944289 (p=0.002; OR 1.176 [CI 1.064-1.316]), and suggestively with rs2439302 (p=0.033; OR 1.149 [CI 1.010-1.315]). In PTC, significant associations were confirmed for rs965513 (p=4.21E-04; OR 1.587 [CI 1.235-2.000]) and rs944289 (p=0.003; OR 1.234 [CI 1.075-1.408]), newly found for rs2439302 (p=0.003; OR 1.266 [CI 1.087-1.493]) and rs1867277 (p=1.17E-04; OR 1.492 [CI 1.235-1.818]), and was not replicated for rs6983267 (p=0.082; OR 1.136 [CI 0.980-1.316]) in this series. A significant correlation between rs2439302 genotype and relative expression of NRG1 was detected in normal and tumor counterparts of PTC (about 10% decrease per each risk allele). NRG1 expression also significantly correlated with that of PTCSC3. CONCLUSIONS Association of rs944289, which was previously known to confer risk for thyroid cancer, with FA, and the correlation between PTCSC3 and NRG1 expression demonstrates that predisposing genetic factors are partly common for benign and malignant thyroid tumors, and imply broader roles of the pathways they underlie in thyroid tumorigenesis, not limited to carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana I Rogounovitch
- 1 Department of Global Health, Medicine, and Welfare, Nagasaki University , Nagasaki, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Fernández LP, López-Márquez A, Santisteban P. Thyroid transcription factors in development, differentiation and disease. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2015; 11:29-42. [PMID: 25350068 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2014.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Identification of the thyroid transcription factors (TTFs), NKX2-1, FOXE1, PAX8 and HHEX, has considerably advanced our understanding of thyroid development, congenital thyroid disorders and thyroid cancer. The TTFs are fundamental to proper formation of the thyroid gland and for maintaining the functional differentiated state of the adult thyroid; however, they are not individually required for precursor cell commitment to a thyroid fate. Although knowledge of the mechanisms involved in thyroid development has increased, the full complement of genes involved in thyroid gland specification and the signals that trigger expression of the genes that encode the TTFs remain unknown. The mechanisms involved in thyroid organogenesis and differentiation have provided clues to identifying the genes that are involved in human congenital thyroid disorders and thyroid cancer. Mutations in the genes that encode the TTFs, as well as polymorphisms and epigenetic modifications, have been associated with thyroid pathologies. Here, we summarize the roles of the TTFs in thyroid development and the mechanisms by which they regulate expression of the genes involved in thyroid differentiation. We also address the implications of mutations in TTFs in thyroid diseases and in diseases not related to the thyroid gland.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lara P Fernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Arturo Duperier 4, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Arístides López-Márquez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Arturo Duperier 4, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Pilar Santisteban
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Arturo Duperier 4, Madrid 28029, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Lv PP, Meng Y, Lv M, Feng C, Liu Y, Li JY, Yu DQ, Shen Y, Hu XL, Gao Q, Dong S, Lin XH, Xu GF, Tian S, Zhang D, Zhang FH, Pan JX, Ye XQ, Liu ME, Liu XM, Sheng JZ, Ding GL, Huang HF. Altered thyroid hormone profile in offspring after exposure to high estradiol environment during the first trimester of pregnancy: a cross-sectional study. BMC Med 2014; 12:240. [PMID: 25511686 PMCID: PMC4293815 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-014-0240-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing number of babies conceived by in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) shifts concern from pregnancy outcomes to long-time health of offspring. Maternal high estradiol (E2) is a major characteristic of IVF-ET and lasts throughout the first trimester of pregnancy. The fetal thyroid develops during this period and may thus be affected by exposure to the supra-physiological E2. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the high E2 maternal environment in the first trimester increases the risk of thyroid dysfunction in children born following IVF-ET. METHODS A cross-sectional survey design was used to carry out face-to-face interviews with consecutive children attending the hospital. A total of 949 singletons born after fresh embryo transfer (ET) (n=357), frozen ET (n=212), and natural conception (NC) (n=380), aged 3 to 10 years old, were included. All children were thoroughly examined. Meanwhile, another 183 newborns, including 55 fresh ET, 48 frozen ET, and 80 NC were studied. Levels of serum T3, FT3, T4, FT4, and TSH and levels of maternal E2 at different stages of the first trimester were examined. RESULTS The mean serum E2 levels of women undergoing fresh ET during the first trimester of pregnancy were significantly higher than those of the women undergoing frozen ET or following NC. The thyroid hormone profile, especially the levels of T4, FT4, and TSH, were significantly increased in 3- to 10-year-old children conceived by fresh ET compared to NC. The same tendency was confirmed in newborns. However, levels of T4 and TSH in the frozen ET group were nearer to that of the NC group. Furthermore, levels of T4 and FT4 in fresh ET were positively correlated with maternal serum levels of E2 during early pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS The maternal high E2 environment in the first trimester is correlated with increased risk of thyroid dysfunction. Frozen ET could reduce risks of thyroid damage in children conceived by IVF. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and to better determine the underlying molecular mechanisms and clinical significance. TRIAL REGISTRATION ChicCTR-OCC-14004682 (22-05-2014).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Ping Lv
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, 388 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Ye Meng
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, 388 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Min Lv
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, 388 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Chun Feng
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, 388 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Ye Liu
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, 388 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Jing-Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, 388 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Dan-Qin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, 388 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Yan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, 388 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Xiao-Lin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, 388 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Qian Gao
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, 388 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Shan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, 388 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Xian-Hua Lin
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, 388 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Gu-Feng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, 388 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Shen Tian
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, 388 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, 388 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Fang-Hong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, 388 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Jie-Xue Pan
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, 388 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Xiao-Qun Ye
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, 388 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Miao-E Liu
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, 388 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Xin-Mei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, 388 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Jian-Zhong Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, 388 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Guo-Lian Ding
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, 388 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China. .,International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 910 Hengshan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - He-Feng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, 388 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China. .,International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 910 Hengshan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Ramos HE, Carré A, Chevrier L, Szinnai G, Tron E, Cerqueira TLO, Léger J, Cabrol S, Puel O, Queinnec C, De Roux N, Guillot L, Castanet M, Polak M. Extreme phenotypic variability of thyroid dysgenesis in six new cases of congenital hypothyroidism due to PAX8 gene loss-of-function mutations. Eur J Endocrinol 2014; 171:499-507. [PMID: 25214233 DOI: 10.1530/eje-13-1006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Within the last two decades, heterozygous loss-of-function PAX8 mutations have been reported in patients with a wide degree of thyroid gland dysfunction and growth despite the presence of identical mutations. OBJECTIVES To search for PAX8 mutations in a cohort of patients with congenital hypothyroidism (CH) and various types of thyroid gland defects. DESIGN A cross-sectional study was conducted in a cohort of patients. SETTING The French neonatal screening program was used for recruiting patients. PATIENTS A total of 118 patients with CH, including 45 with familial and 73 with sporadic diseases, were included in this study. The thyroid gland was normal in 23 patients had hypoplasia, 25 had hemithyroid agenesis, 21 had athyreosis, and 21 had ectopy. RESULTS We found four different PAX8 mutations (p.R31C, p.R31H, p.R108X, and p.I47T) in ten patients (six patients with CH and four family members), two with sporadic and eight with familial diseases. Imaging studies performed in the index cases showed ectopic thyroid gland (n=2), hypoplasia (n=2), eutopic lobar asymmetry (n=1), and eutopic gland compatible with dyshormonogenesis (n=1). The previously reported p.R31C and the novel p.I47T PAX8 mutations are devoid of activity. CONCLUSION Four different PAX8 mutations were detected in six index patients with CH (ten total subjects). The p.R31C, p.R31H, and p.R108X mutations have been reported. The novel p.I47T PAX8 mutation presented loss of function leading to CH. Thyroid ectopy was observed in two cases of PAX8 (p.R31H) mutation, a finding that has not been reported previously. We observed a high inter-individual and intra-familial variability of the phenotype in PAX8 mutations, underlining that population genetic studies for CH should include patients with various clinical presentations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H E Ramos
- INSERM U1016Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, FrancePediatric EndocrineGynecology and Diabetes Unit, Centre des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, AP-HP, Paris, FranceIMAGINE InstituteParis, FranceLaboratório de Estudo da Tireoide (LET)Departamento de Biorregulação, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, BrazilCurso de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia em Saúde e Medicina InvestigativaCentro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz - FIOCRUZ/BA, Salvador, Bahia, BrazilCurso de Pós-Graduação em Processos Interativos de Órgãos e SistemasInstituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, BrazilINSERM U676Paris Diderot University, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, FrancePediatric EndocrinologyUniversity Children's Hospital Basel, University Basel, Basel, SwitzerlandPediatric Endocrine UnitHôpital Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris, FrancePediatrics DepartmentCHU, Bordeaux, FrancePediatrics DepartmentCH de Cornouailles-Hopital Laennec, Quimper, FranceSaint-Antoine Research CenterINSERM UMRS 938, Saint-Antonie Hospital, Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, Paris, France andPediatrics DepartmentCH Charles Nicolle, University Hospital of Rouen, Rouen, France INSERM U1016Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, FrancePediatric EndocrineGynecology and Diabetes Unit, Centre des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, AP-HP, Paris, FranceIMAGINE InstituteParis, FranceLaboratório de Estudo da Tireoide (LET)Departamento de Biorregulação, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, BrazilCurso de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia em Saúde e Medicina InvestigativaCentro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz - FIOCRUZ/BA, Salvador, Bahia, BrazilCurso de Pós-Graduação em Processos Interativos de Órgãos e SistemasInstituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fede
| | - A Carré
- INSERM U1016Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, FrancePediatric EndocrineGynecology and Diabetes Unit, Centre des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, AP-HP, Paris, FranceIMAGINE InstituteParis, FranceLaboratório de Estudo da Tireoide (LET)Departamento de Biorregulação, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, BrazilCurso de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia em Saúde e Medicina InvestigativaCentro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz - FIOCRUZ/BA, Salvador, Bahia, BrazilCurso de Pós-Graduação em Processos Interativos de Órgãos e SistemasInstituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, BrazilINSERM U676Paris Diderot University, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, FrancePediatric EndocrinologyUniversity Children's Hospital Basel, University Basel, Basel, SwitzerlandPediatric Endocrine UnitHôpital Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris, FrancePediatrics DepartmentCHU, Bordeaux, FrancePediatrics DepartmentCH de Cornouailles-Hopital Laennec, Quimper, FranceSaint-Antoine Research CenterINSERM UMRS 938, Saint-Antonie Hospital, Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, Paris, France andPediatrics DepartmentCH Charles Nicolle, University Hospital of Rouen, Rouen, France INSERM U1016Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, FrancePediatric EndocrineGynecology and Diabetes Unit, Centre des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, AP-HP, Paris, FranceIMAGINE InstituteParis, FranceLaboratório de Estudo da Tireoide (LET)Departamento de Biorregulação, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, BrazilCurso de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia em Saúde e Medicina InvestigativaCentro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz - FIOCRUZ/BA, Salvador, Bahia, BrazilCurso de Pós-Graduação em Processos Interativos de Órgãos e SistemasInstituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fede
| | - L Chevrier
- INSERM U1016Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, FrancePediatric EndocrineGynecology and Diabetes Unit, Centre des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, AP-HP, Paris, FranceIMAGINE InstituteParis, FranceLaboratório de Estudo da Tireoide (LET)Departamento de Biorregulação, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, BrazilCurso de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia em Saúde e Medicina InvestigativaCentro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz - FIOCRUZ/BA, Salvador, Bahia, BrazilCurso de Pós-Graduação em Processos Interativos de Órgãos e SistemasInstituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, BrazilINSERM U676Paris Diderot University, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, FrancePediatric EndocrinologyUniversity Children's Hospital Basel, University Basel, Basel, SwitzerlandPediatric Endocrine UnitHôpital Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris, FrancePediatrics DepartmentCHU, Bordeaux, FrancePediatrics DepartmentCH de Cornouailles-Hopital Laennec, Quimper, FranceSaint-Antoine Research CenterINSERM UMRS 938, Saint-Antonie Hospital, Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, Paris, France andPediatrics DepartmentCH Charles Nicolle, University Hospital of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - G Szinnai
- INSERM U1016Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, FrancePediatric EndocrineGynecology and Diabetes Unit, Centre des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, AP-HP, Paris, FranceIMAGINE InstituteParis, FranceLaboratório de Estudo da Tireoide (LET)Departamento de Biorregulação, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, BrazilCurso de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia em Saúde e Medicina InvestigativaCentro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz - FIOCRUZ/BA, Salvador, Bahia, BrazilCurso de Pós-Graduação em Processos Interativos de Órgãos e SistemasInstituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, BrazilINSERM U676Paris Diderot University, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, FrancePediatric EndocrinologyUniversity Children's Hospital Basel, University Basel, Basel, SwitzerlandPediatric Endocrine UnitHôpital Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris, FrancePediatrics DepartmentCHU, Bordeaux, FrancePediatrics DepartmentCH de Cornouailles-Hopital Laennec, Quimper, FranceSaint-Antoine Research CenterINSERM UMRS 938, Saint-Antonie Hospital, Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, Paris, France andPediatrics DepartmentCH Charles Nicolle, University Hospital of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - E Tron
- INSERM U1016Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, FrancePediatric EndocrineGynecology and Diabetes Unit, Centre des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, AP-HP, Paris, FranceIMAGINE InstituteParis, FranceLaboratório de Estudo da Tireoide (LET)Departamento de Biorregulação, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, BrazilCurso de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia em Saúde e Medicina InvestigativaCentro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz - FIOCRUZ/BA, Salvador, Bahia, BrazilCurso de Pós-Graduação em Processos Interativos de Órgãos e SistemasInstituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, BrazilINSERM U676Paris Diderot University, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, FrancePediatric EndocrinologyUniversity Children's Hospital Basel, University Basel, Basel, SwitzerlandPediatric Endocrine UnitHôpital Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris, FrancePediatrics DepartmentCHU, Bordeaux, FrancePediatrics DepartmentCH de Cornouailles-Hopital Laennec, Quimper, FranceSaint-Antoine Research CenterINSERM UMRS 938, Saint-Antonie Hospital, Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, Paris, France andPediatrics DepartmentCH Charles Nicolle, University Hospital of Rouen, Rouen, France INSERM U1016Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, FrancePediatric EndocrineGynecology and Diabetes Unit, Centre des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, AP-HP, Paris, FranceIMAGINE InstituteParis, FranceLaboratório de Estudo da Tireoide (LET)Departamento de Biorregulação, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, BrazilCurso de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia em Saúde e Medicina InvestigativaCentro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz - FIOCRUZ/BA, Salvador, Bahia, BrazilCurso de Pós-Graduação em Processos Interativos de Órgãos e SistemasInstituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fede
| | - T L O Cerqueira
- INSERM U1016Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, FrancePediatric EndocrineGynecology and Diabetes Unit, Centre des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, AP-HP, Paris, FranceIMAGINE InstituteParis, FranceLaboratório de Estudo da Tireoide (LET)Departamento de Biorregulação, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, BrazilCurso de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia em Saúde e Medicina InvestigativaCentro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz - FIOCRUZ/BA, Salvador, Bahia, BrazilCurso de Pós-Graduação em Processos Interativos de Órgãos e SistemasInstituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, BrazilINSERM U676Paris Diderot University, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, FrancePediatric EndocrinologyUniversity Children's Hospital Basel, University Basel, Basel, SwitzerlandPediatric Endocrine UnitHôpital Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris, FrancePediatrics DepartmentCHU, Bordeaux, FrancePediatrics DepartmentCH de Cornouailles-Hopital Laennec, Quimper, FranceSaint-Antoine Research CenterINSERM UMRS 938, Saint-Antonie Hospital, Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, Paris, France andPediatrics DepartmentCH Charles Nicolle, University Hospital of Rouen, Rouen, France INSERM U1016Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, FrancePediatric EndocrineGynecology and Diabetes Unit, Centre des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, AP-HP, Paris, FranceIMAGINE InstituteParis, FranceLaboratório de Estudo da Tireoide (LET)Departamento de Biorregulação, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, BrazilCurso de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia em Saúde e Medicina InvestigativaCentro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz - FIOCRUZ/BA, Salvador, Bahia, BrazilCurso de Pós-Graduação em Processos Interativos de Órgãos e SistemasInstituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fede
| | - J Léger
- INSERM U1016Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, FrancePediatric EndocrineGynecology and Diabetes Unit, Centre des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, AP-HP, Paris, FranceIMAGINE InstituteParis, FranceLaboratório de Estudo da Tireoide (LET)Departamento de Biorregulação, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, BrazilCurso de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia em Saúde e Medicina InvestigativaCentro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz - FIOCRUZ/BA, Salvador, Bahia, BrazilCurso de Pós-Graduação em Processos Interativos de Órgãos e SistemasInstituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, BrazilINSERM U676Paris Diderot University, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, FrancePediatric EndocrinologyUniversity Children's Hospital Basel, University Basel, Basel, SwitzerlandPediatric Endocrine UnitHôpital Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris, FrancePediatrics DepartmentCHU, Bordeaux, FrancePediatrics DepartmentCH de Cornouailles-Hopital Laennec, Quimper, FranceSaint-Antoine Research CenterINSERM UMRS 938, Saint-Antonie Hospital, Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, Paris, France andPediatrics DepartmentCH Charles Nicolle, University Hospital of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - S Cabrol
- INSERM U1016Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, FrancePediatric EndocrineGynecology and Diabetes Unit, Centre des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, AP-HP, Paris, FranceIMAGINE InstituteParis, FranceLaboratório de Estudo da Tireoide (LET)Departamento de Biorregulação, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, BrazilCurso de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia em Saúde e Medicina InvestigativaCentro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz - FIOCRUZ/BA, Salvador, Bahia, BrazilCurso de Pós-Graduação em Processos Interativos de Órgãos e SistemasInstituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, BrazilINSERM U676Paris Diderot University, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, FrancePediatric EndocrinologyUniversity Children's Hospital Basel, University Basel, Basel, SwitzerlandPediatric Endocrine UnitHôpital Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris, FrancePediatrics DepartmentCHU, Bordeaux, FrancePediatrics DepartmentCH de Cornouailles-Hopital Laennec, Quimper, FranceSaint-Antoine Research CenterINSERM UMRS 938, Saint-Antonie Hospital, Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, Paris, France andPediatrics DepartmentCH Charles Nicolle, University Hospital of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - O Puel
- INSERM U1016Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, FrancePediatric EndocrineGynecology and Diabetes Unit, Centre des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, AP-HP, Paris, FranceIMAGINE InstituteParis, FranceLaboratório de Estudo da Tireoide (LET)Departamento de Biorregulação, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, BrazilCurso de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia em Saúde e Medicina InvestigativaCentro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz - FIOCRUZ/BA, Salvador, Bahia, BrazilCurso de Pós-Graduação em Processos Interativos de Órgãos e SistemasInstituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, BrazilINSERM U676Paris Diderot University, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, FrancePediatric EndocrinologyUniversity Children's Hospital Basel, University Basel, Basel, SwitzerlandPediatric Endocrine UnitHôpital Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris, FrancePediatrics DepartmentCHU, Bordeaux, FrancePediatrics DepartmentCH de Cornouailles-Hopital Laennec, Quimper, FranceSaint-Antoine Research CenterINSERM UMRS 938, Saint-Antonie Hospital, Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, Paris, France andPediatrics DepartmentCH Charles Nicolle, University Hospital of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - C Queinnec
- INSERM U1016Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, FrancePediatric EndocrineGynecology and Diabetes Unit, Centre des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, AP-HP, Paris, FranceIMAGINE InstituteParis, FranceLaboratório de Estudo da Tireoide (LET)Departamento de Biorregulação, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, BrazilCurso de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia em Saúde e Medicina InvestigativaCentro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz - FIOCRUZ/BA, Salvador, Bahia, BrazilCurso de Pós-Graduação em Processos Interativos de Órgãos e SistemasInstituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, BrazilINSERM U676Paris Diderot University, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, FrancePediatric EndocrinologyUniversity Children's Hospital Basel, University Basel, Basel, SwitzerlandPediatric Endocrine UnitHôpital Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris, FrancePediatrics DepartmentCHU, Bordeaux, FrancePediatrics DepartmentCH de Cornouailles-Hopital Laennec, Quimper, FranceSaint-Antoine Research CenterINSERM UMRS 938, Saint-Antonie Hospital, Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, Paris, France andPediatrics DepartmentCH Charles Nicolle, University Hospital of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - N De Roux
- INSERM U1016Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, FrancePediatric EndocrineGynecology and Diabetes Unit, Centre des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, AP-HP, Paris, FranceIMAGINE InstituteParis, FranceLaboratório de Estudo da Tireoide (LET)Departamento de Biorregulação, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, BrazilCurso de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia em Saúde e Medicina InvestigativaCentro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz - FIOCRUZ/BA, Salvador, Bahia, BrazilCurso de Pós-Graduação em Processos Interativos de Órgãos e SistemasInstituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, BrazilINSERM U676Paris Diderot University, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, FrancePediatric EndocrinologyUniversity Children's Hospital Basel, University Basel, Basel, SwitzerlandPediatric Endocrine UnitHôpital Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris, FrancePediatrics DepartmentCHU, Bordeaux, FrancePediatrics DepartmentCH de Cornouailles-Hopital Laennec, Quimper, FranceSaint-Antoine Research CenterINSERM UMRS 938, Saint-Antonie Hospital, Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, Paris, France andPediatrics DepartmentCH Charles Nicolle, University Hospital of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - L Guillot
- INSERM U1016Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, FrancePediatric EndocrineGynecology and Diabetes Unit, Centre des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, AP-HP, Paris, FranceIMAGINE InstituteParis, FranceLaboratório de Estudo da Tireoide (LET)Departamento de Biorregulação, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, BrazilCurso de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia em Saúde e Medicina InvestigativaCentro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz - FIOCRUZ/BA, Salvador, Bahia, BrazilCurso de Pós-Graduação em Processos Interativos de Órgãos e SistemasInstituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, BrazilINSERM U676Paris Diderot University, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, FrancePediatric EndocrinologyUniversity Children's Hospital Basel, University Basel, Basel, SwitzerlandPediatric Endocrine UnitHôpital Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris, FrancePediatrics DepartmentCHU, Bordeaux, FrancePediatrics DepartmentCH de Cornouailles-Hopital Laennec, Quimper, FranceSaint-Antoine Research CenterINSERM UMRS 938, Saint-Antonie Hospital, Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, Paris, France andPediatrics DepartmentCH Charles Nicolle, University Hospital of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - M Castanet
- INSERM U1016Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, FrancePediatric EndocrineGynecology and Diabetes Unit, Centre des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, AP-HP, Paris, FranceIMAGINE InstituteParis, FranceLaboratório de Estudo da Tireoide (LET)Departamento de Biorregulação, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, BrazilCurso de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia em Saúde e Medicina InvestigativaCentro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz - FIOCRUZ/BA, Salvador, Bahia, BrazilCurso de Pós-Graduação em Processos Interativos de Órgãos e SistemasInstituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, BrazilINSERM U676Paris Diderot University, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, FrancePediatric EndocrinologyUniversity Children's Hospital Basel, University Basel, Basel, SwitzerlandPediatric Endocrine UnitHôpital Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris, FrancePediatrics DepartmentCHU, Bordeaux, FrancePediatrics DepartmentCH de Cornouailles-Hopital Laennec, Quimper, FranceSaint-Antoine Research CenterINSERM UMRS 938, Saint-Antonie Hospital, Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, Paris, France andPediatrics DepartmentCH Charles Nicolle, University Hospital of Rouen, Rouen, France INSERM U1016Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, FrancePediatric EndocrineGynecology and Diabetes Unit, Centre des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, AP-HP, Paris, FranceIMAGINE InstituteParis, FranceLaboratório de Estudo da Tireoide (LET)Departamento de Biorregulação, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, BrazilCurso de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia em Saúde e Medicina InvestigativaCentro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz - FIOCRUZ/BA, Salvador, Bahia, BrazilCurso de Pós-Graduação em Processos Interativos de Órgãos e SistemasInstituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fede
| | - M Polak
- INSERM U1016Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, FrancePediatric EndocrineGynecology and Diabetes Unit, Centre des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, AP-HP, Paris, FranceIMAGINE InstituteParis, FranceLaboratório de Estudo da Tireoide (LET)Departamento de Biorregulação, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, BrazilCurso de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia em Saúde e Medicina InvestigativaCentro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz - FIOCRUZ/BA, Salvador, Bahia, BrazilCurso de Pós-Graduação em Processos Interativos de Órgãos e SistemasInstituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, BrazilINSERM U676Paris Diderot University, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, FrancePediatric EndocrinologyUniversity Children's Hospital Basel, University Basel, Basel, SwitzerlandPediatric Endocrine UnitHôpital Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris, FrancePediatrics DepartmentCHU, Bordeaux, FrancePediatrics DepartmentCH de Cornouailles-Hopital Laennec, Quimper, FranceSaint-Antoine Research CenterINSERM UMRS 938, Saint-Antonie Hospital, Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, Paris, France andPediatrics DepartmentCH Charles Nicolle, University Hospital of Rouen, Rouen, France INSERM U1016Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, FrancePediatric EndocrineGynecology and Diabetes Unit, Centre des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, AP-HP, Paris, FranceIMAGINE InstituteParis, FranceLaboratório de Estudo da Tireoide (LET)Departamento de Biorregulação, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, BrazilCurso de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia em Saúde e Medicina InvestigativaCentro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz - FIOCRUZ/BA, Salvador, Bahia, BrazilCurso de Pós-Graduação em Processos Interativos de Órgãos e SistemasInstituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fede
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Uemae Y, Sakamoto J, Hidaka Y, Hiratsuka A, Susa T, Kato Y, Suzuki M. Gene expression, function, and diversity of Nkx2-4 in the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2014; 206:193-202. [PMID: 25051213 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Nkx2 homeodomain transcription factors are involved in various developmental processes and cell specification: e.g. in mammals, NKX2-1 is essential for thyroid-specific gene expression and thyroid morphogenesis. Among Nkx2 proteins, information is still very limited for Nkx2-4. In the present study, we have identified three distinct cDNAs encoding Nkx2-4 isoforms (Nkx2-4a, -b, and -c) from the rainbow trout thyroid tissue, and characterized their transcriptional properties. The trout Nkx2-4 proteins were all predicted to conserve three characteristic domains: the tinman-like amino terminal decapeptide, the NK2 homeodomain, and the NK2-specific domain, and also share 75-89% amino acid similarity. It was shown by dual luciferase assay that Nkx2-4a and Nkx2-4b, but not Nkx2-4c, significantly activated transcription from a cotransfected rat thyroglobulin (TG) promoter. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay indicated that all the Nkx2-4 isoforms could bind to the TG promoter, implying that the faint transcriptional activity of Nkx2-4c might result from some critical amino acid substitution(s) outside the homeodomain. RT-PCR analysis revealed similar tissue distribution patterns for Nkx2-4a and Nkx2-4b mRNAs. Both mRNAs were expressed abundantly in the thyroid, and weakly in the testis. On the other hand, Nkx2-4c mRNA was detected in the ovary as well as in the thyroid. The expression sites of Nkx2-4c mRNA were localized, by in situ hybridization histochemistry, to the ovarian granulosa cells and to the thyroid follicular cells. The results suggest that in the rainbow trout, Nkx2-4a and Nkx2-4b might play a major role in TG gene transcription whereas Nkx2-4c might have some functions in the ovary as well as the thyroid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youji Uemae
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Joe Sakamoto
- Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Yoshie Hidaka
- Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Ai Hiratsuka
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Takao Susa
- Department of Life Science, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashi-mita, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Yukio Kato
- Department of Life Science, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashi-mita, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Masakazu Suzuki
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan; Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Delmarcelle AS, Villacorte M, Hick AC, Pierreux CE. An ex vivo culture system to study thyroid development. J Vis Exp 2014. [PMID: 24961920 DOI: 10.3791/51641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The thyroid is a bilobated endocrine gland localized at the base of the neck, producing the thyroid hormones T3, T4, and calcitonin. T3 and T4 are produced by differentiated thyrocytes, organized in closed spheres called follicles, while calcitonin is synthesized by C-cells, interspersed in between the follicles and a dense network of blood capillaries. Although adult thyroid architecture and functions have been extensively described and studied, the formation of the "angio-follicular" units, the distribution of C-cells in the parenchyma and the paracrine communications between epithelial and endothelial cells is far from being understood. This method describes the sequential steps of mouse embryonic thyroid anlagen dissection and its culture on semiporous filters or on microscopy plastic slides. Within a period of four days, this culture system faithfully recapitulates in vivo thyroid development. Indeed, (i) bilobation of the organ occurs (for e12.5 explants), (ii) thyrocytes precursors organize into follicles and polarize, (iii) thyrocytes and C-cells differentiate, and (iv) endothelial cells present in the microdissected tissue proliferate, migrate into the thyroid lobes, and closely associate with the epithelial cells, as they do in vivo. Thyroid tissues can be obtained from wild type, knockout or fluorescent transgenic embryos. Moreover, explants culture can be manipulated by addition of inhibitors, blocking antibodies, growth factors, or even cells or conditioned medium. Ex vivo development can be analyzed in real-time, or at any time of the culture by immunostaining and RT-qPCR. In conclusion, thyroid explant culture combined with downstream whole-mount or on sections imaging and gene expression profiling provides a powerful system for manipulating and studying morphogenetic and differentiation events of thyroid organogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mylah Villacorte
- Pole of Cell Biology, Université catholique de Louvain & de Duve Institute
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Zhang J, McKenna LB, Bogue CW, Kaestner KH. The diabetes gene Hhex maintains δ-cell differentiation and islet function. Genes Dev 2014; 28:829-34. [PMID: 24736842 PMCID: PMC4003275 DOI: 10.1101/gad.235499.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The homeodomain transcription factor HHEX (hematopoietically expressed homeobox) has been linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus in genome-wide association studies. Zhang et al. discover that Hhex is selectively expressed in the somatostatin-secreting δ cell of the adult pancreas. Hhex was required for δ-cell differentiation, and the reduced somatostatin levels in Hhex-deficient islets caused disrupted paracrine inhibition of insulin release from δ cells. This study identifies Hhex as the first transcriptional regulator specifically required for islet δ cells and suggests compromised paracrine control as a contributor to type 2 diabetes. The homeodomain transcription factor HHEX (hematopoietically expressed homeobox) has been repeatedly linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using genome-wide association studies. We report here that within the adult endocrine pancreas, Hhex is selectively expressed in the somatostatin-secreting δ cell. Using two mouse models with Hhex deficiency in the endocrine pancreas, we show that Hhex is required for δ-cell differentiation. Decreased somatostatin levels in Hhex-deficient islets cause disrupted paracrine inhibition of insulin release from β cells. These findings identify Hhex as the first transcriptional regulator specifically required for islet δ cells and suggest compromised paracrine control as a contributor to T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Zhan M, Chen G, Pan CM, Gu ZH, Zhao SX, Liu W, Wang HN, Ye XP, Xie HJ, Yu SS, Liang J, Gao GQ, Yuan GY, Zhang XM, Zuo CL, Su B, Huang W, Ning G, Chen SJ, Chen JL, Song HD. Genome-wide association study identifies a novel susceptibility gene for serum TSH levels in Chinese populations. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:5505-17. [PMID: 24852370 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is a sensitive indicator of thyroid function. High and low TSH levels reflect hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, respectively. Even within the normal range, small differences in TSH levels, on the order of 0.5-1.0 mU/l, are associated with significant differences in blood pressure, BMI, dyslipidemia, risk of atrial fibrillation and atherosclerosis. Most of the variance in TSH levels is thought to be genetically influenced. We conducted a genome-wide association study of TSH levels in 1346 Chinese Han individuals. In the replication study, we genotyped four candidate SNPs with the top association signals in an independent isolated Chinese She cohort (n = 3235). We identified a novel serum TSH susceptibility locus within XKR4 at 8q12.1 (rs2622590, Pcombined = 2.21 × 10(-10)), and we confirmed two previously reported TSH susceptibility loci near FOXE1 at 9q22.33 and near CAPZB at 1p36.13, respectively. The rs2622590_T allele at XKR4 and the rs925489_C allele near FOXE1 were correlated with low TSH levels and were found to be nominally associated to patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) (OR = 1.41, P= 0.014 for rs2622590_T, and OR = 1.61, P= 0.030 for rs925489_C). The rs2622590 and rs925489 genotypes were also correlated with the expression levels of FOXE1 and XKR4, respectively, in PTC tissues (P = 2.41 × 10(-4) and P= 0.02). Our findings suggest that the SNPs in XKR4 and near FOXE1 are involved in the regulation of TSH levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics and Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to SJTU School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | | | - Zhao-Hui Gu
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, SJTU, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shuang-Xia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics and Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to SJTU School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics and Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to SJTU School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | | | | | - Hui-Jun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics and
| | - Sha-Sha Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics and Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to SJTU School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jun Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Central Hospital of Xuzhou Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221109, China
| | - Guan-Qi Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong Province 276003, China
| | - Guo-Yue Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, The Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 213001, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital Affiliated to Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui Province 233004, China
| | - Chun-Lin Zuo
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230022, China
| | - Bin Su
- Department of Endocrinology, The Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Genetics, Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center, Shanghai 201303, China
| | - Guang Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics and Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to SJTU School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | | | - Jia-Lun Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to SJTU School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Huai-Dong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics and Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to SJTU School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Peterson ME, Broome MR. THYROID SCINTIGRAPHY FINDINGS IN 2096 CATS WITH HYPERTHYROIDISM. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2014; 56:84-95. [DOI: 10.1111/vru.12165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
|
49
|
Zane M, Catalano V, Scavo E, Bonanno M, Pelizzo MR, Todaro M, Stassi G. Estrogens and stem cells in thyroid cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2014; 5:124. [PMID: 25120531 PMCID: PMC4110518 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent discoveries highlight the emerging role of estrogens in the initiation and progression of different malignancies through their interaction with stem cell (SC) compartment. Estrogens play a relevant role especially for those tumors bearing a gender disparity in incidence and aggressiveness, as occurs for most thyroid diseases. Although several experimental lines suggest that estrogens promote thyroid cell proliferation and invasion, their precise contribution in SC compartment still remains unclear. This review underlines the interplay between hormones and thyroid function, which could help to complete the puzzle of gender discrepancy in thyroid malignancies. Defining the association between estrogen receptors' status and signaling pathways by which estrogens exert their effects on thyroid cells is a potential tool that provides important insights in pathogenetic mechanisms of thyroid tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Zane
- Department of Surgical and Oncological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Veronica Catalano
- Department of Surgical and Oncological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Emanuela Scavo
- Department of Surgical and Oncological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco Bonanno
- Department of Surgical and Oncological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Pelizzo
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Matilde Todaro
- Department of Surgical and Oncological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giorgio Stassi
- Department of Surgical and Oncological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- *Correspondence: Giorgio Stassi, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathophysiology, Department of Surgical and Oncological Sciences, University of Palermo, Via Liborio Giuffrè 5, Palermo 90127, Italy e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Romero-Rojas A, Bella-Cueto MR, Meza-Cabrera IA, Cabezuelo-Hernández A, García-Rojo D, Vargas-Uricoechea H, Cameselle-Teijeiro J. Ectopic thyroid tissue in the adrenal gland: a report of two cases with pathogenetic implications. Thyroid 2013; 23:1644-50. [PMID: 23510370 PMCID: PMC3868403 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2013.0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ectopic thyroid tissue is usually found anywhere along the embryonic descent pathway of the medial thyroid anlage from the tongue to the trachea (Wölfler area). However, ectopic thyroid tissue in the adrenal gland (ETTAG) is not easy to understand on the basis of thyroid embryology; because it is so rare, the possibility of metastasis should first be considered. Here, we describe two cases of ETTAG with pathogenetic implications and review the associated literature. PATIENT FINDINGS Two cases of ETTAG presented as incidental cystic adrenal masses in adult females, one having a congenital hernia of Morgagni. The ETTAG was histologically indistinguishable from normal orthotopic thyroid tissue, and its follicular nature was confirmed by immunohistochemical positivity for thyroglobulin, thyroperoxidase, thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1/Titf-1/Nkx2.1), cytokeratin AE1/AE3, cytokeratin 7, pendrin, human sodium iodide symporter, paired box gene 8, and forkhead box E1 (TTF-2), as well as positivity for the messenger RNA of the thyroglobulin gene by in situ hybridization analysis. No C cells (negativity for calcitonin, chromogranin, and synaptophysin) were present. Neither BRAF nor KRAS mutations were detected with real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Further work-up did not show evidence of thyroid malignancy. SUMMARY ETTAG is a rare finding, with only seven cases reported; women are much more frequently affected than men (8:1), and it usually presents in the fifth decade (mean age 54, range 38-67) as a cystic adrenal mass incidentally discovered on abdominal ultrasonography and/or in computed tomography images. ETTAG is composed of normal follicular cells without C cells. The expression of some transcription factors (TTF-1, paired box gene 8, and FOXE1) involved in development and/or migration of the medial thyroid anlage is preserved. Coexistence of a congenital hernia of Morgagni in one patient suggests an overdescent of medial thyroid anlage-derived cells in its pathogenesis. CONCLUSION Although ETTAG pathogenesis remains unknown, the lack of C cells together with the coexistence of a congenital defect of the anterior diaphragm (hernia of Morgagni) in one of our patients could suggest an overdescent of medial thyroid anlage-derived cells in the origin of this heterotopia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ivonne A. Meza-Cabrera
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital San José, University of Cauca, Popayan, Colombia
| | | | - Darío García-Rojo
- Department of Urology, Corporació Sanitaria Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain
| | | | - José Cameselle-Teijeiro
- Department of Pathology, Clinical University Hospital, SERGAS, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| |
Collapse
|