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Matsuura T, Yoshimura A, Fukushima R. Effects of Beraprost with or without NOS Inhibition on Plasma Aldosterone and Hemodynamics in Healthy Cats. Vet Sci 2024; 11:155. [PMID: 38668422 PMCID: PMC11054574 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11040155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to evaluate the hemodynamic and RA system effects of the oral administration of the clinical dose of beraprost for feline CKD in healthy cats, and also to examine whether NOS inhibition reversed them. METHODS A placebo-controlled pharmacological sequential design study was carried out to assess the plasma aldosterone and renin concentrations (PAC and PRC), blood pressure, heart rate, and exploratorily to estimate renal plasma flow (RPF) and renal vascular resistance (RVR) with simplified methods. RESULTS Beraprost reduced PAC when compared to the placebo (p < 0.05); this was reversed when NOS inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) was added to the beraprost treatment (p < 0.01). No differences in the PRC or hemodynamic parameters were detected between beraprost and the placebo. The correlation ratios (η2) showed opposite relationships between beraprost and the added L-NAME effects on PAC, mean blood pressure (MBP), heart rate, estimated RPF (p < 0.001), estimated RVR (p < 0.01), and PRC (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In healthy cats, the clinical dose of beraprost suppresses PAC, which can be reversed by the inhibition of NOS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aritada Yoshimura
- Animal Medical Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Ryuji Fukushima
- Animal Medical Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
- Animal Medical Emergency Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
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Ito H, Matsuura T, Sano T. Beraprost and Overall Survival in Cats with Chronic Kidney Disease. Vet Sci 2023; 10:459. [PMID: 37505864 PMCID: PMC10384921 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10070459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overall survival is the most important outcome for treatment response in feline chronic kidney disease (CKD). Beraprost has been shown to reduce the kidney function decline in cats with International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) stage 2 and 3 CKD. However, the association with prolonged survival has not yet been examined. OBJECTIVE To assess the relationship between beraprost and overall survival in cats with CKD in real clinical practice. ANIMALS Client-owned cats with IRIS stage 3 CKD (n = 134) were evaluated between 2017 and 2020. METHODS A retrospective cohort study based on data from electronic medical records of one hospital. RESULTS The cohort was divided into "beraprost therapy" and "no beraprost therapy" groups, and survival analyses revealed that overall survival was significantly longer in the beraprost therapy group, using Kaplan-Meier curves (p = 0.004). However, baseline phosphate is known to be an important prognostic indicator and was not well balanced between the two groups. Therefore, a subcohort of 97 cats was selected (those having baseline phosphate <6.0 mg/dL) that allowed for this parameter to be balanced between groups. The survival data in this subcohort were consistent with those of the overall study cohort. CONCLUSIONS In feline patients with CKD, beraprost therapy is associated with better overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Ito
- Ichikawa General Hospital, Kariya Animal Hospital Group, Chiba 272-0034, Japan
| | | | - Tadashi Sano
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
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Shi Y, Vanhoutte PM. Macro- and microvascular endothelial dysfunction in diabetes. J Diabetes 2017; 9:434-449. [PMID: 28044409 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells, as well as their major products nitric oxide (NO) and prostacyclin, play a key role in the regulation of vascular homeostasis. Diabetes mellitus is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Diabetes-induced endothelial dysfunction is a critical and initiating factor in the genesis of diabetic vascular complications. The present review focuses on both large blood vessels and the microvasculature. The endothelial dysfunction in diabetic macrovascular complications is characterized by reduced NO bioavailability, poorly compensated for by increased production of prostacyclin and/or endothelium-dependent hyperpolarizations, and increased production or action of endothelium-derived vasoconstrictors. The endothelial dysfunction of microvascular complications is primarily characterized by decreased release of NO, enhanced oxidative stress, increased production of inflammatory factors, abnormal angiogenesis, and impaired endothelial repair. In addition, non-coding RNAs (microRNAs) have emerged as participating in numerous cellular processes. Thus, this reviews pays special attention to microRNAs and their modulatory role in diabetes-induced vascular dysfunction. Some therapeutic strategies for preventing and restoring diabetic endothelial dysfunction are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shi
- Biomedical Research Centre, Shanghai Key Laboratory of organ Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Paul M Vanhoutte
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
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Serelaxin treatment reverses vascular dysfunction and left ventricular hypertrophy in a mouse model of Type 1 diabetes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:39604. [PMID: 28067255 PMCID: PMC5220363 DOI: 10.1038/srep39604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Serelaxin prevents endothelial dysfunction in the mouse aorta ex vivo and inhibits apoptosis in cardiomyocytes under acute hyperglycaemia. Less is known about the effects of serelaxin in an in vivo mouse model of diabetes. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis in streptozotocin (STZ)-treated mice that serelaxin is able to reverse diabetes-induced vascular dysfunction and cardiac remodelling. Mice were divided into citrate buffer + placebo, STZ + placebo and STZ + serelaxin (0.5 mg/kg/d, 2 weeks) groups. After 12 weeks of diabetes, sensitivity to the endothelium-dependent agonist acetylcholine (ACh) was reduced in the mesenteric artery. This was accompanied by an enhanced vasoconstrictor prostanoid contribution and a decrease in endothelium-derived hyperpolarisation (EDH)-mediated relaxation. Serelaxin restored endothelial function by increasing nitric oxide (NO)-mediated relaxation but not EDH. It also normalised the contribution of vasoconstrictor prostanoids to endothelial dysfunction and suppressed diabetes-induced hyper-responsiveness of the mesenteric artery to angiotensin II. Similarly, diabetes reduced ACh-evoked NO-mediated relaxation in the aorta which was reversed by serelaxin. In the left ventricle, diabetes promoted apoptosis, hypertrophy and fibrosis; serelaxin treatment reversed this ventricular apoptosis and hypertrophy, but had no effect on fibrosis. In summary, serelaxin reversed diabetes-induced endothelial dysfunction by enhancing NO-mediated relaxation in the mouse vasculature and attenuating left ventricular hypertrophy and apoptosis.
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Gonzalez-Paredes FJ, Hernández Mesa G, Morales Arraez D, Marcelino Reyes R, Abrante B, Diaz-Flores F, Salido E, Quintero E, Hernández-Guerra M. Contribution of Cyclooxygenase End Products and Oxidative Stress to Intrahepatic Endothelial Dysfunction in Early Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156650. [PMID: 27227672 PMCID: PMC4882009 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Metabolic syndrome induces endothelial dysfunction, a surrogate marker of cardiovascular disease. In parallel, metabolic syndrome is frequently associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which may progress to cirrhosis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate intrahepatic endothelial dysfunction related to cyclooxygenase end products and oxidative stress as possible mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of NAFLD. Materials and Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were fed standard diet (control-diet, CD) or high-fat-diet (HFD) for 6 weeks. Metabolic syndrome was assessed by recording arterial pressure, lipids, glycemia and rat body weight. Splanchnic hemodynamics were measured, and endothelial dysfunction was evaluated using concentration-effect curves to acetylcholine. Response was assessed with either vehicle, L-NG-Nitroarginine (L-NNA), indomethacin, tempol, or a thromboxane receptor antagonist, SQ 29548. We quantified inflammation, fibrosis, oxidative stress, nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and thromboxane B2 levels. Results HFD rats exhibited metabolic syndrome together with the presence of NAFLD. Compared to control-diet livers, HFD livers showed increased hepatic vascular resistance unrelated to inflammation or fibrosis, but with decreased NO activity and increased oxidative stress. Endothelial dysfunction was observed in HFD livers compared with CD rats and improved after cyclooxygenase inhibition or tempol pre-incubation. However, pre-incubation with SQ 29548 did not modify acetylcholine response. Conclusions Our study provides evidence that endothelial dysfunction at an early stage of NAFLD is associated with reduced NO bioavailability together with increased cyclooxygenase end products and oxidative stress, which suggests that both pathways are involved in the pathophysiology and may be worth exploring as therapeutic targets to prevent progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier Gonzalez-Paredes
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies and Center of Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands (CIBICAN), University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Goretti Hernández Mesa
- Gastroenterology Department, University Hospital of the Canary Islands, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Dalia Morales Arraez
- Gastroenterology Department, University Hospital of the Canary Islands, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Raquel Marcelino Reyes
- Gastroenterology Department, University Hospital of the Canary Islands, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Beatriz Abrante
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies and Center of Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands (CIBICAN), University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Felicitas Diaz-Flores
- Central Laboratory, University Hospital of the Canary Islands, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Eduardo Salido
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies and Center of Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands (CIBICAN), University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Enrique Quintero
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies and Center of Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands (CIBICAN), University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
- Gastroenterology Department, University Hospital of the Canary Islands, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Manuel Hernández-Guerra
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies and Center of Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands (CIBICAN), University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
- Gastroenterology Department, University Hospital of the Canary Islands, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Met tyrosine kinase receptor, also known as c-Met, is the HGF (hepatocyte growth factor) receptor. The HGF/Met pathway has a prominent role in cardiovascular remodelling after tissue injury. The present review provides a synopsis of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of HGF/Met in the heart and blood vessels. In vivo, HGF/Met function is particularly important for the protection of the heart in response to both acute and chronic insults, including ischaemic injury and doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Accordingly, conditional deletion of Met in cardiomyocytes results in impaired organ defence against oxidative stress. After ischaemic injury, activation of Met provides strong anti-apoptotic stimuli for cardiomyocytes through PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase)/Akt and MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) cascades. Recently, we found that HGF/Met is also important for autophagy regulation in cardiomyocytes via the mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) pathway. HGF/Met induces proliferation and migration of endothelial cells through Rac1 (Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1) activation. In fibroblasts, HGF/Met antagonizes the actions of TGFβ1 (transforming growth factor β1) and AngII (angiotensin II), thus preventing fibrosis. Moreover, HGF/Met influences the inflammatory response of macrophages and the immune response of dendritic cells, indicating its protective function against atherosclerotic and autoimmune diseases. The HGF/Met axis also plays an important role in regulating self-renewal and myocardial regeneration through the enhancement of cardiac progenitor cells. HGF/Met has beneficial effects against myocardial infarction and endothelial dysfunction: the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying repair function in the heart and blood vessels are common and include pro-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic actions. Thus administration of HGF or HGF mimetics may represent a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of both coronary and peripheral artery disease.
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Lien YC, Feinstein SI, Dodia C, Fisher AB. The roles of peroxidase and phospholipase A2 activities of peroxiredoxin 6 in protecting pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells against peroxidative stress. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 16:440-51. [PMID: 22067043 PMCID: PMC3260966 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.3950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6), a bifunctional enzyme with glutathione peroxidase and phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) activities, has been demonstrated as playing a critical role in antioxidant defense of the lung. Our aim was to evaluate the relative role of each activity in Prdx6-mediated protection of mouse pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) against the peroxidative stress of treatment with tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBOOH). RESULTS PMVEC from Prdx6 null mice showed increased lethality on tBOOH exposure (50-200 μM) compared with wild-type (WT) controls. Treatment with 1-hexadecyl-3-trifluoroethylglycero-sn-2-phosphomethanol (MJ33), a Prdx6 PLA(2) activity inhibitor, increased the sensitivity of WT cells to peroxidative stress, but did not further sensitize Prdx6 null cells. Lethality in Prdx6 null PMVEC was "rescued" by transfection with a construct leading to the expression of WT rat Prdx6. Expression of mutant Prdx6 with either peroxidase activity or PLA(2) activity alone each partially rescued the survival of Prdx6 null cells, while constructs with both active sites mutated failed to rescue. Co-transfection with two different constructs, each expressing one activity, rescued cells as well as the WT construct. INNOVATION AND CONCLUSION Contrary to the general assumption that the peroxidase activity is the main mechanism for Prdx6 antioxidant function, these results indicate that the PLA(2) activity also plays a substantial role in protecting cells against oxidant stress caused by an exogenous hydroperoxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chin Lien
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Hirata Y, Shimabukuro M, Uematsu E, Soeki T, Yamada H, Sakai Y, Nakayama M, Matsumoto K, Igarashi T, Sata M. A synthetic prostacyclin agonist with thromboxane synthase inhibitory activity, ONO-1301, protects myocardium from ischemia/reperfusion injury. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 674:352-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Revised: 10/22/2011] [Accepted: 10/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Sato N, Kaneko M, Tamura M, Kurumatani H. The prostacyclin analog beraprost sodium ameliorates characteristics of metabolic syndrome in obese Zucker (fatty) rats. Diabetes 2010; 59:1092-100. [PMID: 20068136 PMCID: PMC2844818 DOI: 10.2337/db09-1432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2009] [Accepted: 12/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The prostacyclin analog, beraprost sodium (BPS), was examined for its potential to improve the symptoms of obesity-type diabetes (i.e., hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, histopathologic changes, and diabetic complications). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Obese Zucker rats, an experimental model of genetic obesity-induced type 2 diabetes, were repeatedly administered BPS at oral doses of 0.2 or 0.6 mg x kg(-1) x day(-1) b.i.d. for 12 weeks, and serum chemistry, urinalysis, and histopathologic examination were performed. RESULTS BPS dose-dependently suppressed serum glucose, insulin, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels in obese animals. In oral glucose tolerance test, BPS suppressed the post-glucose-loading elevation of serum glucose in a dose-dependent manner. Urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase was significantly lower in BPS-treated obese animals compared with control animals, although no significant differences were observed in urinary protein levels between the BPS-treated groups and the control group. In addition, histopathologic examination revealed significant protective effects of BPS against renal disorder in obese animals. Histopathologically, BPS also inhibited the progression of hepatic steatosis, hypertrophy of adipose tissue, and pancreatic fibrosis. Furthermore, thermographic analysis of the hind limb sole skin surface indicated a significant increase in temperature in BPS-treated animals, compared with control animals, which was likely due to improved blood circulation by administration of BPS. CONCLUSIONS BPS suppressed the pathogenesis and development of diabetes and its complication, nephropathy, which was presumably accompanied by improving glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in obese Zucker rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahoko Sato
- The First Pharmacology Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Research Labs, Toray Industries, Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan.
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Kawabe JI, Ushikubi F, Hasebe N. Prostacyclin in Vascular Diseases - Recent Insights and Future Perspectives -. Circ J 2010; 74:836-43. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-10-0195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-ichi Kawabe
- Departments of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Innovation, Asahikawa Medical College
| | | | - Naoyuki Hasebe
- Departments of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Innovation, Asahikawa Medical College
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Neurology Division, Asahikawa Medical College
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Abstract
Vascular complications are an important pathological issue in diabetes that lead to the further functional deterioration of several organs. The balance between endothelium-dependent relaxing factors and endothelium-dependent contracting factors (EDCFs) is crucial in controlling local vascular tone and function under normal conditions. Diabetic endothelial dysfunction is characterized by reduced endothelium-dependent relaxations and/or enhanced endothelium-dependent contractions. Elevated levels of oxygen-derived free radicals are the initial source of endothelial dysfunction in diabetes. Oxygen-derived free radicals not only reduce nitric oxide bioavailability, but also facilitate the production and/or action of EDCFs. Thus, the endothelial balance tips towards vasoconstrictor responses over the course of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shi
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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Iwata H, Nakamura K, Sumi M, Ninomiya M, Sakai Y, Hirata Y, Akaike M, Igarashi T, Takamoto S, Nagai R, Sata M. Local delivery of synthetic prostacycline agonist augments collateral growth and improves cardiac function in a swine chronic cardiac ischemia model. Life Sci 2009; 85:255-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2009.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2009] [Revised: 05/11/2009] [Accepted: 06/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kubota T, Kubota N, Kadowaki T. [Endothelial function and insulin resistance]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2008; 131:85-88. [PMID: 18277005 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.131.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
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Nakamura K, Sata M, Iwata H, Sakai Y, Hirata Y, Kugiyama K, Nagai R. A synthetic small molecule, ONO-1301, enhances endogenous growth factor expression and augments angiogenesis in the ischaemic heart. Clin Sci (Lond) 2007; 112:607-16. [PMID: 17263691 DOI: 10.1042/cs20060301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown previously that administration of angiogenic growth factors as genes or proteins can augment collateral growth in ischaemic tissues. In the present study, we have investigated the effect of ONO-1301, a synthetic prostacyclin agonist with thromboxane-synthase-inhibitory activity, on expression of endogenous growth factors and angiogenesis. ONO-1301 induced secretion of HGF (hepatocyte growth factor) and VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) from cultured normal human dermal fibroblasts in a dose-dependent manner. Dibutyryl cAMP, an analogue of cAMP, and forskolin, an adenylate cyclase activator, mimicked the effect of ONO-1301. Conversely, Rp-cAMP (adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphorothioate), an inhibitor of cAMP, partially inhibited the effect of ONO-1301, suggesting that cAMP mediated the effect of ONO-1301 in up-regulating the expression of HGF and VEGF, at least in part. ONO-1301 promoted tube-like formation by HUVECs (human umbilical vein endothelial cells) when co-cultured with fibroblasts, and the angiogenic effect of ONO-1301 was abrogated by administration of a neutralizing antibody against HGF or VEGF. To generate a slow-releasing form of ONO-1301, ONO-1301 was mixed with poly(DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid). The slow-releasing form of ONO-1301 was injected directly into the ischaemic myocardium of mice immediately after ligation of the left anterior descending artery. The slow-releasing form of ONO-1301 up-regulated HGF and VEGF expression and increased capillary density in the border zone (342.7±29.7 capillaries/mm2 in controls compared with 557.2±26.7 capillaries/mm2 in treated animals; P<0.01) at 7 days. The slow-releasing form of ONO-1301 ameliorated left ventricular enlargement after 28 days and improved survival rate. In conclusion, our results indicate that ONO-1301 up-regulated endogenous growth factors and promoted angiogenesis in response to acute ischaemia. Therefore ONO-1301 might have a therapeutic potential in treating ischaemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuto Nakamura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Otsuka H, Akashi H, Murohara T, Okazaki T, Shintani S, Tayama K, Sasaki KI, Imaizumi T, Aoyagi S. The Prostacyclin Analog Beraprost Sodium Augments the Efficacy of Therapeutic Angiogenesis Induced by Autologous Bone Marrow Cells. Ann Vasc Surg 2006; 20:646-52. [PMID: 16847717 DOI: 10.1007/s10016-006-9100-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2005] [Revised: 12/09/2005] [Accepted: 02/14/2006] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Implantation of autologous bone marrow (BM) mononuclear cells (MNCs) has been shown to augment neovascular formation in ischemic tissues in experimental animals and in humans. Prostaglandin derivatives improve the symptoms of patients with critical limb ischemia, possibly by their vasodilating and antiplatelet actions. We therefore examined whether therapeutic angiogenesis by implantation of autologous BM-MNCs would be enhanced by beraprost sodium (BPS), using a rabbit ischemic hindlimb model. Ischemia was induced by surgical resection of the left femoral artery. Twenty-five New Zealand white rabbits were divided into four groups. The first group (BM group, n = 4) received autologous BM-MNCs (2 x 10(6)/animal) implanted into the ischemic tissue 1 week after limb ischemia. The second group (BM+BPS group, n = 8) received BPS injected into the dorsal skin (300 microg/kg daily) starting 1 week before limb surgery. This group received BM-MNC implantation 1 week after surgery. Daily injection of BPS was continued until the end of the protocol. The third group (BPS group, n = 8) received BPS injected into the dorsal skin (600 microg/kg daily) starting 1 week before limb surgery. The fourth group received saline as a control (n = 4). The extent of angiogenesis in the ischemic hindlimb was assessed using the angiographic score (AS), ischemic/normal limb calf blood pressure ratio (CBPR), and tissue capillary density. Four weeks after limb ischemia, the ischemic/normal CBPR was highest in the BM+BPS group, followed by the BPS, BM, and control groups (0.56 +/- 0.16, 0.51 +/- 0.25, 0.44 +/- 0.15, and 0.30 +/- 0.10, respectively). The AS was also the greatest in the BM+BP group, followed by the BM, BP, and S group (1.63 +/-0.21, 1.31 +/- 0.25, 1.26 +/- 0.21 and 0.80 +/- 0.10, respectively). The TCD was greatest in the BM+BP group, followed in by the BM, BP, and S group? (46 +/- 4.1, 34 +/- 0.7, 33 +/- 6.9, and 19 +/- 1.8 per field, respectively). BP treatment is an effective means to enhance the efficacy of therapeutic angiogenesis induced by autologous BM-MNCs implantation in ischemic hindlimb tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Otsuka
- Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
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16
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Ohata S, Ishibashi Y, Shimada T, Takahashi N, Sugamori T, Sakane T, Hirano Y, Oyake N, Murakami Y, Higami T. Effects of oral beraprost sodium, a prostaglandin I2 analogue, on endothelium dependent vasodilatation in the forearm of patients with coronary artery disease. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2006; 33:381-7. [PMID: 16620305 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2006.04379.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
1. Previous clinical studies with prostaglandin I(2) (PGI(2)) analogue beraprost sodium suggested the potential effects on protection of cardiovascular events in patients with peripheral artery disease. Although the mechanism is not well known, experimental studies have shown protective effects of endothelial cells. This study was designed to examine the effects of beraprost sodium on vascular endothelial function in the forearm of patients with coronary artery disease. 2. Beraprost sodium (120 microg/day) was orally administered to 14 coronary artery disease patients for 4 weeks and then stopped for 4 weeks. Eleven control patients did not receive beraprost sodium treatment. Reactive hyperemia was induced in the forearm, endothelium-dependent vasodilatation was assessed by plethysmography, and urinary 8-iso-prostaglandin F(2alpha) (8-iso-PGF(2alpha)) was measured at baseline, 4 weeks and 8 weeks. 3. Both groups had similar reactive hyperemic responses at baseline. In the control group, reactive hyperemic response and urinary 8-iso-PGF(2alpha) remained unchanged for 8 weeks. In the beraprost group, maximum forearm blood flow increased significantly (P = 0.01) after 4 weeks of treatment and returned to baseline at 8 weeks. Duration of hyperemia increased significantly (P = 0.003) after 4 weeks, and remained greater than baseline at 8 weeks (P = 0.02). Urinary 8-iso-PGF(2alpha) decreased significantly (P = 0.03) after 4 weeks, and tended to be lower at 8 weeks (P = 0.07). Changes in reactive hyperemia correlated weakly but significantly with changes in 8-iso-PGF(2alpha) (P < 0.001). 4. Beraprost sodium decreased oxidative stress and improved forearm endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in coronary artery disease patients. The favorable effects on vascular endothelium could potentially lead to a decrease in vascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzo Ohata
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo City, Shimane, Japan
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Kunugiza Y, Tomita N, Taniyama Y, Tomita T, Osako MK, Tamai K, Tanabe T, Kaneda Y, Yoshikawa H, Morishita R. Acceleration of wound healing by combined gene transfer of hepatocyte growth factor and prostacyclin synthase with Shima Jet. Gene Ther 2006; 13:1143-52. [PMID: 16572191 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Although skin diseases are one of the target diseases for gene therapy, there has been no practical gene transfer method. First, we examined gene transfer efficiency of the spring-powered jet injector, Shima Jet, which was originally developed as a non-needle jet injector of insulin. Local gene expression was about 100 times higher when the luciferase plasmid was transferred by the Shima Jet than by a needle. Gene transfer of beta-galactosidase revealed gene expression in the epidermis. Based on these results, we then examined the potential of gene therapy using the Shima Jet for wound healing. An increase of cellular proliferation of the epidermis and the number of microvessels in the granulation tissue was observed after hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) gene transfer. An increase in blood flow around the wound was observed after prostacyclin synthase (PGIS) gene transfer. Moreover, promotion on wound healing was observed in HGF gene transferred group, and further promotion was observed in combined gene transferred group as assessed by measuring wound area. These results indicate that co-transfer of HGF and PGIS genes by the Shima Jet could be an effective strategy to wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kunugiza
- [1] 1Division of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan [2] 2Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
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18
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Simó R, Vidal MT, García-Arumí J, Carrasco E, García-Ramírez M, Segura RM, Hernández C. Intravitreous hepatocyte growth factor in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy: a case-control study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2006; 71:36-44. [PMID: 16029908 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2005.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2004] [Revised: 03/09/2005] [Accepted: 05/20/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the vitreous levels of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and to investigate its relationship with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and retinopathy activity. In addition, the relationship between intravitreous HGF levels and the presence of epiretinal membranes (ERM), as well as the expression of c-Met in ERM were also investigated. In this case-control study, serum and vitreous samples as well as ERM specimens were obtained during vitrectomy from 28 diabetic patients with PDR and 30 non-diabetic control subjects. HGF and VEGF were determined by ELISA and c-Met expression by immunohistochemistry. Vitreal levels of both VEGF and HGF were higher in patients with PDR in comparison with the control group (p<0.0001). However, after correcting for total vitreous protein concentration, HGF (ng/mg of proteins) was lower in diabetic patients than in non-diabetic control subjects (p=0.02). No correlation was detected between the vitreal levels of HGF and VEGF. In addition, intravitreous VEGF but not HGF was found to be related to PDR activity. Both diabetic patients and non-diabetic patients in whom ERM had been excised presented higher HGF intravitreous levels. Finally, a significant expression of c-Met in ERM membranes were observed in both diabetic patients with PDR and in non-diabetic subjects. In conclusion, both HGF and VEGF increased, but were not related, in the vitreous fluid of diabetic patients with PDR. Our findings suggest that HGF is related to pathological conditions in which fibroproliferative processes or wound healing are involved rather than with angiogenesis itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Simó
- Diabetes Research Unit, Endocrinology Division, Hospital Univesitari Vall d'Hebron, Pg. Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.
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19
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Murakami M, Watanabe M, Furukawa H, Nakahara H. The Prostacyclin Analogue Beraprost Sodium Prevents Occlusion of Bypass Grafts in Patients with Lower Extremity Arterial Occlusive Disease: A 20-Year Retrospective Study. Ann Vasc Surg 2005; 19:838-42. [PMID: 16247707 DOI: 10.1007/s10016-005-7668-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Although conventional bypass grafting is commonly used to treat ischemia in lower extremities, graft failure often occurs. This study retrospectively analyzed the factors that affect graft patency to help establish more effective treatment of obstructive arterial disease of the lower limbs. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to estimate graft patency in 90 legs of 80 patients who underwent femoropopliteal bypass (28 vein grafts and 62 expanded polytetrafluoroethylene grafts) between 1984 and 2003. Patients were randomly selected for graft materials in sequential surgical treatment order. After initial analysis, several risk factors and postoperative medication regimens were analyzed to ascertain any association with graft failure. The overall mean patency period for femoropopliteal bypass was 10.5 +/- 0.7 years. Graft occlusion occurred in 20 limbs. Neither the materials composing the grafts nor the position of distal anastmosis had any influence on patency maintenance. Graft occlusion rates were significantly greater in patients with either diabetes (p = 0.0049) or rest pain before surgery (p = 0.0011). Postoperative administration of beraprost sodium significantly increased the patency period (p = 0.0082). Diabetes and rest pain before surgery are important factors for late graft failure after femoropopliteal bypass. Our data also suggest that administration of beraprost sodium increases the graft patency period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikiko Murakami
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Hiroo General Hospital, 2-34-10 Ebisu, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Lu T, Wang XL, He T, Zhou W, Kaduce TL, Katusic ZS, Spector AA, Lee HC. Impaired arachidonic acid-mediated activation of large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels in coronary arterial smooth muscle cells in Zucker Diabetic Fatty rats. Diabetes 2005; 54:2155-63. [PMID: 15983217 DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.54.7.2155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We studied the arachidonic acid (AA)-mediated modulation of large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BK) channels in coronary arterial smooth myocytes from lean control and Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rats. A total of 1 micromol/l AA enhanced BK current by 274% in lean and by 98% in ZDF rats. After incubation with 10 micromol/l indomethacin, 1 micromol/l AA increased BK currents by 80% in lean and by 70% in ZDF rats. Vasoreactivity studies showed that the dilation of small coronary arteries produced by 1 micromol/l AA was reduced by 44% in ZDF rats. [3H]6-keto-prostagladin F1alpha ([3H]6-keto-PGF1alpha,), the stable metabolite of prostacyclin (PGI2), was the major [3H]AA metabolite produced by coronary arteries of lean vessels, but ZDF vessels produced only 15% as much [3H]6-keto-PGF1alpha. BK channel activation and vasorelaxation by iloprost were similar in lean and ZDF rats. Immunoblots showed a 73% reduction in PGI2 synthase (PGIS) expression in ZDF vessels compared with lean vessels, and there was no change in cyclooxygenase (COX) and BK channel expressions. Real-time PCR studies showed that mRNA levels of PGIS, COX-1, and COX-2 were similar between lean and ZDF vessels. We conclude that PGI2 is the major AA metabolite in lean coronaries, and AA-mediated BK channel activation is impaired in ZDF coronaries due to reduced PGIS activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Lu
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St., SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Goirand F, Ovide-Bordeaux S, Renaud JF, Grynberg A, Lacour B. Effect of dietary docosahexaenoic acid on the endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in diabetic rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2005; 32:184-90. [PMID: 15743401 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2005.04169.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
1. The aim of the present study was to investigate the responses to acetylcholine (ACh; 3 nmol/L-30 micromol/L) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP; 3 nmol/L-30 micromol/L) of precontracted aortic rings from diabetic rats supplemented with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). 2. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (STZ; 55 mg/kg). Diabetic and sham rats were fed, over a period of 8 weeks, either control diet or a DHA-supplemented diet. Aortic endothelial fatty acid composition was analysed by gas chromatography. The involvement of endothelial-derived nitric oxide (NO) and cyclo-oxygenase (COX) metabolites in response to ACh was assessed using the NO synthase inhibitor N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (100 micromol/L) and the COX inhibitor indomethacin (1 micromol/L), respectively. 3. The DHA-supplemented diet induced a small increase in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA; P < 0.001) owing to the incorporation of DHA in the endothelial cells of sham animals (1.6 +/- 0.2% in the DHA group compared with traces in the control group; P < 0.001) and diabetic animals (1.3 +/- 0.2% in the DHA group compared with traces in control group; P < 0.001), without a decrease in n-6 PUFA, despite a small decrease in arachidonic acid content (P < 0.05). Diabetes did not modify the incorporation of DHA in endothelial cells, but did significantly increase the arachidonic acid content (0.6 +/- 0.0 vs 0.4 +/- 0.1% in control group in the STZ and sham groups, respectively; P < 0.001). Acetylcholine-induced relaxation was significantly reduced in STZ groups compared with the sham groups (P < 0.001) and the DHA-supplemented diet did not modify these effects. In contrast, neither the DHA-supplemented diet nor diabetes affected the aortic relaxation induced by SNP. N(G)-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester strongly inhibited the relaxant effects of ACh in the sham groups (P < 0.001) and abolished ACh-induced relaxation in the STZ groups (P < 0.001). The diet did not modify these effects. In the presence of indomethacin, the relaxation induced by ACh was decreased in the sham groups (P < 0.01), but not in the STZ groups. The DHA-supplemented diet did not have any effect on these responses. 4. In conclusion, these results suggest that, in the present study, the endothelial dysfunction occurring in the rat model of STZ-induced diabetes is associated with modifications of both the synthesis of COX derivatives and NO metabolism and is not affected by dietary supplementation with DHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Françoise Goirand
- UMR1154, INRA-Université Paris XI, Faculté de Pharmacie, Châtenay-Malabry, France.
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