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Wang L, Bu T, Wu X, Li L, Sun F, Cheng CY. Motor proteins, spermatogenesis and testis function. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2024; 141:381-445. [PMID: 38960481 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2024.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
The role of motor proteins in supporting intracellular transports of vesicles and organelles in mammalian cells has been known for decades. On the other hand, the function of motor proteins that support spermatogenesis is also well established since the deletion of motor protein genes leads to subfertility and/or infertility. Furthermore, mutations and genetic variations of motor protein genes affect fertility in men, but also a wide range of developmental defects in humans including multiple organs besides the testis. In this review, we seek to provide a summary of microtubule and actin-dependent motor proteins based on earlier and recent findings in the field. Since these two cytoskeletons are polarized structures, different motor proteins are being used to transport cargoes to different ends of these cytoskeletons. However, their involvement in germ cell transport across the blood-testis barrier (BTB) and the epithelium of the seminiferous tubules remains relatively unknown. It is based on recent findings in the field, we have provided a hypothetical model by which motor proteins are being used to support germ cell transport across the BTB and the seminiferous epithelium during the epithelial cycle of spermatogenesis. In our discussion, we have highlighted the areas of research that deserve attention to bridge the gap of research in relating the function of motor proteins to spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China; Department of Urology and Andrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Tiao Bu
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolong Wu
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Linxi Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Fei Sun
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - C Yan Cheng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China; Department of Urology and Andrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China.
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Ke L, Lin X, Luo Y, Tao S, Yan C, He Y, Wu Y, Liu N, Qin Y. Autophagy core protein BECN1 is vital for spermatogenesis and male fertility in mice†. Biol Reprod 2024; 110:599-614. [PMID: 37975917 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioad160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian spermatogenesis is a highly complex multi-step biological process, and autophagy has been demonstrated to be involved in the process of spermatogenesis. Beclin-1/BECN1, a core autophagy factor, plays a critical role in many biological processes and diseases. However, its function in spermatogenesis remains largely unclear. In the present study, germ cell-specific Beclin 1 (Becn1) knockout mice were generated and were conducted to determine the role of Becn1 in spermatogenesis and fertility of mice. Results indicate that Becn1 deficiency leads to reduced sperm motility and quantity, partial failure of spermiation, actin network disruption, excessive residual cytoplasm, acrosome malformation, and aberrant mitochondrial accumulation of sperm, ultimately resulting in reduced fertility in male mice. Furthermore, inhibition of autophagy was observed in the testes of germ cell-specific Becn1 knockout mice, which may contribute to impaired spermiogenesis and reduced fertility. Collectively, our results reveal that Becn1 is essential for fertility and spermiogenesis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchuan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Siming Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yifeilong He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingjie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yinghe Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Peña-Corona SI, Vargas-Estrada D, Juárez-Rodríguez I, Retana-Márquez S, Mendoza-Rodríguez CA. Bisphenols as promoters of the dysregulation of cellular junction proteins of the blood-testis barrier in experimental animals: A systematic review of the literature. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23416. [PMID: 37352109 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Daily, people are exposed to chemicals and environmental compounds such as bisphenols (BPs). These substances are present in more than 80% of human fluids. Human exposure to BPs is associated with male reproductive health disorders. Some of the main targets of BPs are intercellular junction proteins of the blood-testis barrier (BTB) in Sertoli cells because BPs alter the expression or induce aberrant localization of these proteins. In this systematic review, we explore the effects of BP exposure on the expression of BTB junction proteins and the characteristics of in vivo studies to identify potential gaps and priorities for future research. To this end, we conducted a systematic review of articles. Thirteen studies met our inclusion criteria. In most studies, animals treated with bisphenol-A (BPA) showed decreased occludin expression at all tested doses. However, bisphenol-AF treatment did not alter occludin expression. Cx43, ZO-1, β-catenin, nectin-3, cortactin, paladin, and claudin-11 expression also decreased in some tested doses of BP, while N-cadherin and FAK expression increased. BP treatment did not alter the expression of α and γ catenin, E-cadherin, JAM-A, and Arp 3. However, the expression of all these proteins was altered when BPA was administered to neonatal rodents in microgram doses. The results show significant heterogeneity between studies. Thus, it is necessary to perform more research to characterize the changes in BTB protein expression induced by BPs in animals to highlight future research directions that can inform the evaluation of risk of toxicity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila I Peña-Corona
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Dinorah Vargas-Estrada
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ivan Juárez-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Socorro Retana-Márquez
- Departamento Biología de la Reproducción, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
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Hayashida T, Soma S, Nakamura Y, Higuchi K, Kazeto Y, Gen K. Transcriptome characterization of gonadal sex differentiation in Pacific bluefin tuna, Thunnus orientalis (Temminck et Schlegel). Sci Rep 2023; 13:13867. [PMID: 37620512 PMCID: PMC10449831 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40914-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tunas (genus Thunnus) are one of the most ecologically and commercially important fish worldwide. To establish a biological basis for reproduction in this globally essential species, we have recently studied crucial reproductive aspects of the Pacific bluefin tuna (T. orientalis; PBT), as a model of tuna species, based on our closed-cycle aquaculture technology. In this study, we clarified the global expression profile of the genes regulating gonadal sex differentiation in PBT, as this developmental process is vital to sexual reproduction. Based on the results of our comparative (RNA-sequencing) and temporal (qRT-PCR) transcriptome analyses using the updated genome dataset, we propose the molecular mechanisms of gonadal sex differentiation in PBT. In female gonads, foxl2 and cyp19a1a (coding aromatase) are expressed at the onset of sex differentiation. Active aromatase-mediated estrogen biosynthesis, which includes positive regulation of cyp19a1a expression by Foxl2, induces ovarian differentiation. By contrast, dmrt1 and gsdf are upregulated in differentiating male gonads lacking active estrogen synthesis. Dmrt1 and Gsdf would mainly promote testicular differentiation. Furthermore, androgen biosynthesis is upregulated in differentiating male gonad. Endogenous androgens may also be vital to testicular differentiation. This study provides the first comprehensive data clarifying the molecular basis for gonadal sex differentiation in tunas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Hayashida
- Nagasaki Field Station, Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 1551-8 Taira-machi, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 851-2213, Japan.
- Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Soma
- Yokohama Field Station, Fisheries Resources Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-12-4 Fuku-ura, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-8648, Japan
| | - Yoji Nakamura
- Yokohama Field Station, Fisheries Resources Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-12-4 Fuku-ura, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-8648, Japan
| | - Kentaro Higuchi
- Nagasaki Field Station, Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 1551-8 Taira-machi, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 851-2213, Japan
- Minamiizu Field Station, Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 183-2 Minamiizu, Kamo, Shizuoka, 415-0156, Japan
| | - Yukinori Kazeto
- Minamiizu Field Station, Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 183-2 Minamiizu, Kamo, Shizuoka, 415-0156, Japan
| | - Koichiro Gen
- Nagasaki Field Station, Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 1551-8 Taira-machi, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 851-2213, Japan
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Amiri N, Mohammadi P, Allahgholi A, Salek F, Amini E. The potential of sertoli cells (SCs) derived exosomes and its therapeutic efficacy in male reproductive disorders. Life Sci 2022; 312:121251. [PMID: 36463941 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
In the male reproductive system, seminiferous tubules in testis are lined by a complex stratified epithelium containing two distinct populations of cells, spermatogenic cells that develop into spermatozoa, and sertoli cells (SCs) that mainly support and nourish spermatogenic cell lineage as well as exerting powerful effect on men reproductive capacity. Different varieties of proteins, hormones, exosomes and growth factors are secreted by SCs. There are different kinds of junctions found between SCs called BTB. It was elucidated that complete absence of BTB or its dysfunction leads to infertility. To promote spermatogenesis, crosstalk of SCs with spermatogenic cells plays an important role. The ability of SCs to support germ cell productivity and development is related to its various products carrying out several functions. Exosomes (EXOs) are one of the main EVs with 30-100 nm size generating from endocytic pathway. They are produced in different parts of male reproductive system including epididymis, prostate and SCs. The most prominent characteristics of SC-based exosomes is considered mutual interaction of sertoli cells with spermatogonial stem cells and Leydig cells mainly through establishment of intercellular communication. Exosomes have gotten a lot of interest because of their role in pathobiological processes and as a cell free therapy which led to developing multiple exosome isolation methods based on different principles. Transmission of nucleic acids, proteins, and growth factors via SC-based exosomes and exosomal miRNAs are proved to have potential to be valuable biomarkers in male reproductive disease. Among testicular abnormalities, non-obstructive azoospermia and testicular cancer have been more contributed with SCs performance. The identification of key proteins and miRNAs involved in the signaling pathways related with spermatogenesis, can serve as diagnostic and regenerative targets in male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narjes Amiri
- Department of Cell and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran 15719-14911, Iran
| | - Paria Mohammadi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran 15719-14911, Iran
| | - Atefeh Allahgholi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran 15719-14911, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Salek
- Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elaheh Amini
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
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Wu X, Yun D, Sang M, Liu J, Zhou L, Shi J, Wang L, Bu T, Li L, Huang Y, Lin D, Sun F, Cheng CY. Defects of microtubule cytoskeletal organization in NOA human testes. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2022; 20:154. [PMID: 36329464 PMCID: PMC9632130 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-022-01026-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of actin and microtubule (MT) cytoskeletons in testis function in rodents is known to some extent, but its role in the etiology of azoospermia in humans remains unexplored. Here, we examined if MT cytoskeleton was defective in NOA (non-obstructive azoospermia) testes versus normal human testes based on histopathological, immunofluorescence (IF), and scRNA-Seq transcriptome profiling. Testis biopsy samples from n = 6 normal men versus n = 3 Sertoli cell only (SCO) and n = 3 MA (meiotic arrest) of NOA patients were used for histopathological analysis. IF analysis was also used to examine MT organization across the seminiferous epithelium, investigating the likely involvement of microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). scRNA-Seq transcriptome profiling datasets from testes of 3 SCO patients versus 3 normal men in public domain in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) Sample (GSM) with identifiers were analyzed to examine relevant genes that regulate MT dynamics. NOA testes of MA and SCO patients displayed notable defects in MT organization across the epithelium with extensive truncation, mis-alignments and appeared as collapsed structures near the base of the tubules. These changes are in contrast to MTs in testes of normal men. scRNA-Seq analyses revealed considerable loss of spermatogenesis capacity in SCO testes of NOA patients versus normal men. An array of genes that support MT dynamics displayed considerable changes in expression and in spatial distribution. In summary, defects in MT cytoskeleton were noted in testes of NOA (SCO) patients, possibly mediated by defective spatial expression and/or distribution of MAPs. These changes, in turn, may impede spermatogenesis in SCO testes of NOA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Wu
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Damin Yun
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengmeng Sang
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianpeng Liu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liwei Zhou
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Shi
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tiao Bu
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linxi Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - YingYing Huang
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dengfeng Lin
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei Sun
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China.
| | - C Yan Cheng
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China.
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
- Center for Biomedical Research, The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Population Council, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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Yang Y, Yao M, Zeng J, Zheng D, Li Q, Ni Y, Xiao X. FYN regulates cell adhesion at the blood-testis barrier and the apical ectoplasmic specialization via its effect on Arp3 in the mouse testis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:915274. [PMID: 36016954 PMCID: PMC9396411 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.915274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
FYN is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase of the SRC family that facilitates virus entry across epithelial tight junctions. However, the role of FYN in mammalian testes in maintaining the blood-testis barrier (BTB) integrity and the adhesion of germ cells to Sertoli cells are not well defined. Here, we show that FYN is a component of the BTB and the apical ectoplasmic specialization (ES) at Sertoli-Sertoli and Sertoli-spermatid interfaces, respectively, and is expressed extensively in mouse testes during postnatal development. FYN was shown to be structurally linked to the actin and microtubule-based cytoskeletons. An in vivo model was used to explore the modulatory effect of FYN on BTB and apical ES dynamics within the testes when adult mice were treated intraperitoneally with CdCl2 (3 mg/kg body weight). The CdCl2-induced epithelial restructuring was associated with a transient increase in the interaction between FYN and the actin branching/nucleation protein Arp3, as well as an induction of Arp3 phosphorylation, which possibly lead to actin cytoskeleton remodeling, resulting in BTB damage and germ cell loss in the seminiferous epithelium. Based on the results, we propose a model in which FYN and Arp3 form a protein complex that is responsible for junction reorganization events at the apical ES and the BTB. It is also possible for viruses to break through the BTB and enter the immunoprivileged testicular microenvironment via this mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yang
- Center for Reproductive Health, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingxia Yao
- Center for Reproductive Health, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zeng
- Center for Reproductive Health, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongwang Zheng
- Center for Reproductive Health, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, China
| | - Qin Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ya Ni
- Center for Reproductive Health, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Xiao
- Center for Reproductive Health, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Experimental Animal’s & Nonclinical Laboratory Studies, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiang Xiao,
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Yao M, Qu H, Han Y, Cheng CY, Xiao X. Kinesins in Mammalian Spermatogenesis and Germ Cell Transport. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:837542. [PMID: 35547823 PMCID: PMC9083010 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.837542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammalian testes, the apical cytoplasm of each Sertoli cell holds up to several dozens of germ cells, especially spermatids that are transported up and down the seminiferous epithelium. The blood-testis barrier (BTB) established by neighboring Sertoli cells in the basal compartment restructures on a regular basis to allow preleptotene/leptotene spermatocytes to pass through. The timely transfer of germ cells and other cellular organelles such as residual bodies, phagosomes, and lysosomes across the epithelium to facilitate spermatogenesis is important and requires the microtubule-based cytoskeleton in Sertoli cells. Kinesins, a superfamily of the microtubule-dependent motor proteins, are abundantly and preferentially expressed in the testis, but their functions are poorly understood. This review summarizes recent findings on kinesins in mammalian spermatogenesis, highlighting their potential role in germ cell traversing through the BTB and the remodeling of Sertoli cell-spermatid junctions to advance spermatid transport. The possibility of kinesins acting as a mediator and/or synchronizer for cell cycle progression, germ cell transit, and junctional rearrangement and turnover is also discussed. We mostly cover findings in rodents, but we also make special remarks regarding humans. We anticipate that this information will provide a framework for future research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxia Yao
- Center for Reproductive Health, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, China
| | - Haoyang Qu
- Center for Reproductive Health, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, China
| | - Yating Han
- Center for Reproductive Health, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, China
| | - C Yan Cheng
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Xiao
- Center for Reproductive Health, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Experimental Animal's & Nonclinical Laboratory Studies, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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Wang L, Bu T, Wu X, Gao S, Li X, De Jesus AB, Wong CKC, Chen H, Chung NPY, Sun F, Cheng CY. Cell-Cell Interaction-Mediated Signaling in the Testis Induces Reproductive Dysfunction—Lesson from the Toxicant/Pharmaceutical Models. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040591. [PMID: 35203242 PMCID: PMC8869896 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has shown that cell-cell interactions between testicular cells, in particular at the Sertoli cell-cell and Sertoli-germ cell interface, are crucial to support spermatogenesis. The unique ultrastructures that support cell-cell interactions in the testis are the basal ES (ectoplasmic specialization) and the apical ES. The basal ES is found between adjacent Sertoli cells near the basement membrane that also constitute the blood-testis barrier (BTB). The apical ES is restrictively expressed at the Sertoli-spermatid contact site in the apical (adluminal) compartment of the seminiferous epithelium. These ultrastructures are present in both rodent and human testes, but the majority of studies found in the literature were done in rodent testes. As such, our discussion herein, unless otherwise specified, is focused on studies in testes of adult rats. Studies have shown that the testicular cell-cell interactions crucial to support spermatogenesis are mediated through distinctive signaling proteins and pathways, most notably involving FAK, Akt1/2 and Cdc42 GTPase. Thus, manipulation of some of these signaling proteins, such as FAK, through the use of phosphomimetic mutants for overexpression in Sertoli cell epithelium in vitro or in the testis in vivo, making FAK either constitutively active or inactive, we can modify the outcome of spermatogenesis. For instance, using the toxicant-induced Sertoli cell or testis injury in rats as study models, we can either block or rescue toxicant-induced infertility through overexpression of p-FAK-Y397 or p-FAK-Y407 (and their mutants), including the use of specific activator(s) of the involved signaling proteins against pAkt1/2. These findings thus illustrate that a potential therapeutic approach can be developed to manage toxicant-induced male reproductive dysfunction. In this review, we critically evaluate these recent findings, highlighting the direction for future investigations by bringing the laboratory-based research through a translation path to clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Wang
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China; (L.W.); (T.B.); (X.W.); (S.G.)
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong 226001, China; (X.L.); (H.C.)
| | - Tiao Bu
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China; (L.W.); (T.B.); (X.W.); (S.G.)
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong 226001, China; (X.L.); (H.C.)
| | - Xiaolong Wu
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China; (L.W.); (T.B.); (X.W.); (S.G.)
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong 226001, China; (X.L.); (H.C.)
| | - Sheng Gao
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China; (L.W.); (T.B.); (X.W.); (S.G.)
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong 226001, China; (X.L.); (H.C.)
| | - Xinyao Li
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong 226001, China; (X.L.); (H.C.)
| | | | - Chris K. C. Wong
- Department of Biology, Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Hao Chen
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong 226001, China; (X.L.); (H.C.)
| | - Nancy P. Y. Chung
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Fei Sun
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China; (L.W.); (T.B.); (X.W.); (S.G.)
- Correspondence: (F.S.); (C.Y.C.)
| | - C. Yan Cheng
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China; (L.W.); (T.B.); (X.W.); (S.G.)
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong 226001, China; (X.L.); (H.C.)
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Correspondence: (F.S.); (C.Y.C.)
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10
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Chen H, Jiang Y, Mruk DD, Cheng CY. Spermiation: Insights from Studies on the Adjudin Model. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1288:241-254. [PMID: 34453740 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-77779-1_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is comprised of a series of cellular events that lead to the generation of haploid sperm. These events include self-renewal of spermatogonial stem cells (SSC), proliferation of spermatogonia by mitosis, differentiation of spermatogonia and spermatocytes, generation of haploid spermatids via meiosis I/II, and spermiogenesis. Spermiogenesis consists of a series of morphological events in which spermatids are being transported across the apical compartment of the seminiferous epithelium while maturing into spermatozoa, which include condensation of the genetic materials, biogenesis of acrosome, packaging of the mitocondria into the mid-piece, and elongation of the sperm tail. However, the biology of spermiation remains poorly understood. In this review, we provide in-depth analysis based on the use of bioinformatics tools and an animal model that mimics spermiation through treatment of adult rats with adjudin, a non-hormonal male contraceptive known to induce extensive germ cell exfoliation across the seminiferous epithelium, but nost notably elongating/elongated spermatids. These analyses have shed insightful information regaridng the biology of spermiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqi Chen
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yu Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Dolores D Mruk
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY, USA
| | - C Yan Cheng
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital (SRRSH), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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11
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Iwamori T, Iwamori N, Matsumoto M, Imai H, Ono E. Novel localizations and interactions of intercellular bridge proteins revealed by proteomic profiling†. Biol Reprod 2021; 102:1134-1144. [PMID: 31995159 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioaa017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intercellular bridges (ICBs) connecting germ cells are essential for spermatogenesis, and their deletion causes male infertility. However, the functions and component factors of ICBs are still unknown. We previously identified novel ICB-associated proteins by proteomics analysis using ICB enrichment. Here, we performed immunoprecipitation-proteomics analyses using antibodies specific to known ICB proteins MKLP1, RBM44, and ectoplasmic specialization-associated protein KIAA1210 and predicted protein complexes in the ICB cores. KIAA1210, its binding protein topoisomerase2B (TOP2B), and tight junction protein ZO1 were identified as novel ICB proteins. On the other hand, as well as KIAA1210 and TOP2B, MKLP1 and RBM44, but not TEX14, were localized at the XY body of spermatocytes, suggesting that there is a relationship between ICB proteins and meiotic chromosomes. Moreover, small RNAs interacted with an ICB protein complex that included KIAA1210, RBM44, and MKLP1. These results indicate dynamic movements of ICB proteins and suggest that ICB proteins could be involved not only in the communication between germ cells but also in their epigenetic regulation. Our results provide a novel perspective on the function of ICBs and could be helpful in revealing the biological function of the ICB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tokuko Iwamori
- Department of Biomedicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Center of Biomedical Research, Research Center for Human Disease Modeling, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naoki Iwamori
- Department of Biomedicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Center of Biomedical Research, Research Center for Human Disease Modeling, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Laboratory of Zoology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan and
| | - Masaki Matsumoto
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Imai
- Department of Biomedicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Center of Biomedical Research, Research Center for Human Disease Modeling, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Etsuro Ono
- Department of Biomedicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Center of Biomedical Research, Research Center for Human Disease Modeling, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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12
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Zhang L, Zhao X, Wang W. Disruption of anchoring junctions in the testes of experimental varicocele rats. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:887. [PMID: 34194565 PMCID: PMC8237278 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Varicocele is a common disease of the male reproductive system and is the main cause of male infertility; however, the pathological mechanisms of varicocele remain unclear. The anchoring junctions (AJs) in the testies are located between Sertoli cells, or between Sertoli cells and germ cells. Intact and functional AJs are crucial for spermatogenesis. In the present study, the histomorphology, ultrastructure of AJ, cell cycle, expression of AJ structural proteins, and the level of AJ-associated signaling molecules were investigated in the left testes of experimental varicocele rats at 8 and 12 weeks after surgery. The results revealed that varicocele induced the loss of premature germ cells from the seminiferous epithelium. Furthermore, the results of the present study also revealed damage to the AJ ultrastructure, disorientation of the spermatid head, deregulation of the cell cycle, downregulation of AJ structural proteins, enhanced phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) at Tyr397 and its downstream adapter Src at Tyr416, and activation of the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1 (ERK1) signaling pathway. Thus, the present study demonstrated that varicocele disrupted the structure and function of AJs in the left testes of rats, and that enhancement of FAK phosphorylation may contribute to AJ damage by activating ERK1 signaling, disrupting actin-based filament networks, and altering the balance of the apical ectoplasmic specialization-blood testis barrier functional axis. These findings provide important insights into the pathological mechanisms through which varicocele contributes to male infertility and could help to identify new therapeutic targets for varicocele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurodegenerative Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China.,Laboratory of Clinical Applied Anatomy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Xiaozhen Zhao
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurodegenerative Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China.,Laboratory of Clinical Applied Anatomy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurodegenerative Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China.,Laboratory of Clinical Applied Anatomy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
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13
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Wang L, Li L, Wu X, Wong CKC, Perrotta A, Silvestrini B, Sun F, Cheng CY. mTORC1/rpS6 and p-FAK-Y407 signaling regulate spermatogenesis: Insights from studies of the adjudin pharmaceutical/toxicant model. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 121:53-62. [PMID: 33867214 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In rodents and humans, the major cellular events at spermatogenesis include self-renewal of spermatogonial stem cells and undifferentiated spermatogonia via mitosis, commitment of spermatogonia to differentiation and transformation to spermatocytes, meiosis, spermiogenesis, and the release of spermatozoa at spermiation. While details of the morphological changes during these cellular events have been delineated, knowledge gap exists between the morphological changes in the seminiferous epithelium and the underlying molecular mechanism(s) that regulate these cellular events. Even though many of the regulatory proteins and biomolecules that modulate spermatogenesis are known based on studies using genetic models, the underlying regulatory mechanism(s), in particular signaling pathways/proteins, remain unexplored since much of the information regarding the signaling regulation is unknown. Studies in the past decade, however, have unequivocally demonstrated that the testis is using several signaling proteins and/or pathways to regulate multiple cellular events to modulate spermatogenesis. These include mTORC1/rpS6/Akt1/2 and p-FAK-Y407. While selective inhibitors and/or agonists and antagonists are available to examine some of these signaling proteins, their use have limitations due to their specificities and also potential systemic cytotoxicity. On the other hand, the use of genetic models has had profound implications for our understanding of the molecular regulation of spermatogenesis, and these knockout (null) models have also revealed the factors that are critical for spermatogenesis. Nonetheless, additional studies using in vitro and in vivo models are necessary to unravel the signaling pathways involved in regulating seminiferous epithelial cycle. Emerging data from studies, such as the use of the adjudin pharmaceutical/toxicant model, have illustrated that this non-hormonal male contraceptive drug is utilizing specific signaling pathways/proteins to induce specific defects in spermatogenesis, yielding mechanistic insights on the regulation of spermatogenesis. We sought to review these recent data in this article, highlighting an interesting approach that can be considered for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Linxi Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Xiaolong Wu
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Chris K C Wong
- Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Adolfo Perrotta
- Department of Translational & Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Fei Sun
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China.
| | - C Yan Cheng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China; The Population Council, Center for Biomedical Research, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, United States.
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14
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Li L, Li H, Wang L, Bu T, Liu S, Mao B, Cheng CY. A local regulatory network in the testis mediated by laminin and collagen fragments that supports spermatogenesis. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 56:236-254. [PMID: 33761828 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2021.1901255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
It is almost five decades since the discovery of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis. This refers to the hormonal axis that connects the hypothalamus, pituitary gland and testes, which in turn, regulates the production of spermatozoa through spermatogenesis in the seminiferous tubules, and testosterone through steroidogenesis by Leydig cells in the interstitium, of the testes. Emerging evidence has demonstrated the presence of a regulatory network across the seminiferous epithelium utilizing bioactive molecules produced locally at specific domains of the epithelium. Studies have shown that biologically active fragments are produced from structural laminin and collagen chains in the basement membrane. Additionally, bioactive peptides are also produced locally in non-basement membrane laminin chains at the Sertoli-spermatid interface known as apical ectoplasmic specialization (apical ES, a testis-specific actin-based anchoring junction type). These bioactive peptides are derived from structural laminins and/or collagens at the corresponding sites through proteolytic cleavage by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). They in turn serve as autocrine and/or paracrine factors to modulate and coordinate cellular events across the epithelium by linking the apical and basal compartments, the apical and basal ES, the blood-testis barrier (BTB), and the basement membrane of the tunica propria. The cellular events supported by these bioactive peptides/fragments include the release of spermatozoa at spermiation, remodeling of the immunological barrier to facilitate the transport of preleptotene spermatocytes across the BTB, and the transport of haploid spermatids across the epithelium to support spermiogenesis. In this review, we critically evaluate these findings. Our goal is to identify research areas that deserve attentions in future years. The proposed research also provides the much needed understanding on the biology of spermatogenesis supported by a local network of regulatory biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linxi Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY, USA
| | - Huitao Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lingling Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tiao Bu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shiwen Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY, USA
| | - Baiping Mao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY, USA
| | - C Yan Cheng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY, USA
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15
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Liu SW, Li HT, Ge RS, Cheng CY. NC1-peptide derived from collagen α3 (IV) chain is a blood-tissue barrier regulator: lesson from the testis. Asian J Androl 2021; 23:123-128. [PMID: 32896837 PMCID: PMC7991810 DOI: 10.4103/aja.aja_44_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Collagen α3 (IV) chains are one of the major constituent components of the basement membrane in the mammalian testis. Studies have shown that biologically active fragments, such as noncollagenase domain (NC1)-peptide, can be released from the C-terminal region of collagen α3 (IV) chains, possibly through the proteolytic action of metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9). NC1-peptide was shown to promote blood–testis barrier (BTB) remodeling and fully developed spermatid (e.g., sperm) release from the seminiferous epithelium because this bioactive peptide was capable of perturbing the organization of both actin- and microtubule (MT)-based cytoskeletons at the Sertoli cell–cell and also Sertoli–spermatid interface, the ultrastructure known as the basal ectoplasmic specialization (ES) and apical ES, respectively. More importantly, recent studies have shown that this NC1-peptide-induced effects on cytoskeletal organization in the testis are mediated through an activation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1/ribosomal protein S6/transforming retrovirus Akt1/2 protein (mTORC1/rpS6/Akt1/2) signaling cascade, involving an activation of cell division control protein 42 homolog (Cdc42) GTPase, but not Ras homolog family member A GTPase (RhoA), and the participation of end-binding protein 1 (EB1), a microtubule plus (+) end tracking protein (+TIP), downstream. Herein, we critically evaluate these findings, providing a critical discussion by which the basement membrane modulates spermatogenesis through one of its locally generated regulatory peptides in the testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Wen Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.,The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hui-Tao Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.,The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ren-Shan Ge
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - C Yan Cheng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.,The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
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16
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The Seminiferous Epithelial Cycle of Spermatogenesis: Role of Non-receptor Tyrosine Kinases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1288:1-20. [PMID: 34453729 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-77779-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Non-receptor tyrosine kinases (NRTKs) are implicated in various biological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis, as well as cell adhesion and movement. NRTKs are expressed in all mammals and in different cell types, with extraordinarily high expression in the testis. Their association with the plasma membrane and dynamic subcellular localization are crucial parameters in their activation and function. Many NRTKs are found in endosomal protein trafficking pathways, which suggests a novel mechanism to regulate the timely junction restructuring in the mammalian testis to facilitate spermiation and germ cell transport across the seminiferous epithelium.
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17
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Modulating the Blood–Testis Barrier Towards Increasing Drug Delivery. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2020; 41:690-700. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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18
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Wang L, Yan M, Wu S, Wu X, Bu T, Wong CK, Ge R, Sun F, Cheng CY. Actin binding proteins, actin cytoskeleton and spermatogenesis – Lesson from toxicant models. Reprod Toxicol 2020; 96:76-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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19
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Patil SK, Somashekar L, Selvaraju S, Jamuna KV, Parthipan S, Binsila BK, Prasad RV, Ravindra JP. Immuno-histological mapping and functional association of seminal proteins in testis and excurrent ducts with sperm function in buffalo. Reprod Domest Anim 2020; 55:998-1010. [PMID: 32515513 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The region-specific expression of seminal proteins in testis and excurrent duct system determines the quality and function of the spermatozoa. In the present study, localization and expression of some of the seminal proteins such as insulin-like growth factor receptor 1β (IGF-1Rβ), phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 4 (PEBP4), α-tubulin and tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 (TFPI2) were carried out in testis, excurrent duct system and spermatozoa of buffalo. IGF-1Rβ was localized in the cells of the seminiferous tubules of the testis, except in primary spermatocytes. The PEBP4 was localized only in the elongated spermatid, whereas α-tubulin and TFPI2 proteins were localized in all cells of the seminiferous tubule including spermatocyte. In the buffalo spermatozoa, IGF-1Rβ, PEBP4, α-tubulin and TFPI2 were localized in the acrosome region, the post-acrosomal region till the tail end, post-acrosome to the entire tail region and the equatorial region, respectively. The study indicates that IGF-1R, α-tubulin and PEBP4 proteins regulate spermatogenesis, whereas TFPI2 may be involved during the zona binding process of the buffalo spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar Patil
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India.,Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology, Veterinary College, KVAFSU, Bengaluru, India
| | - Lakshminarayana Somashekar
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sellappan Selvaraju
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
| | - Kolatalu V Jamuna
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology, Veterinary College, KVAFSU, Bengaluru, India
| | - Shivashanmugam Parthipan
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
| | - Bala Krishnan Binsila
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Janivara Parameshwaraiah Ravindra
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
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20
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Li L, Li H, Wang L, Wu S, Lv L, Tahir A, Xiao X, Wong CKC, Sun F, Ge R, Cheng CY. Role of cell polarity and planar cell polarity (PCP) proteins in spermatogenesis. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 55:71-87. [PMID: 32207344 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2020.1742091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Studies on cell polarity proteins and planar cell polarity (PCP) proteins date back to almost 40 years ago in Drosophila and C. elegans when these proteins were shown to be crucial to support apico-basal polarity and also directional alignment of polarity cells across the plane of an epithelium during morphogenesis. In adult mammals, cell polarity and PCP are most notable in cochlear hair cells. However, the role of these two groups of proteins to support spermatogenesis was not explored until a decade earlier when several proteins that confer cell polarity and PCP proteins were identified in the rat testis. Since then, there are several reports appearing in the literature to examine the role of both cell polarity and PCP in supporting spermatogenesis. Herein, we provide an overview regarding the role of cell polarity and PCP proteins in the testis, evaluating these findings in light of studies in other mammalian epithelial cells/tissues. Our goal is to provide a timely evaluation of these findings, and provide some thought provoking remarks to guide future studies based on an evolving concept in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linxi Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Center for Biomedical Research, The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Population Council, New York, USA
| | - Huitao Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Center for Biomedical Research, The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Population Council, New York, USA
| | - Lingling Wang
- Center for Biomedical Research, The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Population Council, New York, USA
| | - Siwen Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Center for Biomedical Research, The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Population Council, New York, USA
| | - Lixiu Lv
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Anam Tahir
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiang Xiao
- Department of Reproductive Physiology, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chris K C Wong
- Department of Biology, Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fei Sun
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, China
| | - Renshan Ge
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - C Yan Cheng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Center for Biomedical Research, The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Population Council, New York, USA
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21
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Differential Regulation of TLE3 in Sertoli Cells of the Testes during Postnatal Development. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101156. [PMID: 31569653 PMCID: PMC6848928 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is a process by which haploid cells differentiate from germ cells in the seminiferous tubules of the testes. TLE3, a transcriptional co-regulator that interacts with DNA-binding factors, plays a role in the development of somatic cells. However, no studies have shown its role during germ cell development in the testes. Here, we examined TLE3 expression in the testes during spermatogenesis. TLE3 was highly expressed in mouse testes and was dynamically regulated in different cell types of the seminiferous tubules, spermatogonia, spermatids, and Sertoli cells, but not in the spermatocytes. Interestingly, TLE3 was not detected in Sertoli cells on postnatal day 7 (P7) but was expressed from P10 onward. The microarray analysis showed that the expression of numerous genes changed upon TLE3 knockdown in a Sertoli cell line TM4. These include 1597 up-regulated genes and 1452 down-regulated genes in TLE3-knockdown TM4 cells. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) showed that three factors were up-regulated and two genes were down-regulated upon TLE3 knockdown in TM4 cells. The abnormal expression of the three factors is associated with cellular malfunctions such as abnormal differentiation and Sertoli cell formation. Thus, TLE3 is differentially expressed in Sertoli cells and plays a crucial role in regulating cell-specific genes involved in the differentiation and formation of Sertoli cells during testicular development.
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22
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Dutta D, Park I, Guililat H, Sang S, Talapatra A, Singhal B, Mills NC. Testosterone regulates granzyme K expression in rat testes. Endocr Regul 2019; 51:193-204. [PMID: 29232193 DOI: 10.1515/enr-2017-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Testosterone depletion induces increased germ cell apoptosis in testes. However, limited studies exist on genes that regulate the germ cell apoptosis. Granzymes (GZM) are serine proteases that induce apoptosis in various tissues. Multiple granzymes, including GZMA, GZMB and GZMN, are present in testes. Th us, we investigated which granzyme may be testosterone responsive and possibly may have a role in germ cell apoptosis aft er testosterone depletion. METHODS Ethylene dimethane sulfonate (EDS), a toxicant that selectively ablates the Leydig cells, was injected into rats to withdraw the testosterone. The testosterone depletion effects after 7 days post-EDS were verified by replacing the testosterone exogenously into EDS-treated rats. Serum or testicular testosterone was measured by radioimmunoassay. Using qPCR, mRNAs of granzyme variants in testes were quantified. The germ cell apoptosis was identified by TUNEL assay and the localization of GZMK was by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS EDS treatment eliminated the Leydig cells and depleted serum and testicular testosterone. At 7 days post-EDS, testis weights were reduced 18% with increased germ cell apoptosis plus elevation GZMK expression. GZMK was not associated with TUNEL-positive cells, but was localized to stripped cytoplasm of spermatids. In addition, apoptotic round spermatids were observed in the caput epididymis. CONCLUSIONS GZMK expression in testes is testosterone dependent. GZMK is located adjacent to germ cells in seminiferous tubules and the presence of apoptotic round spermatids in the epididymis suggest its role in the degradation of microtubules in ectoplasmic specializations. Thus, overexpression of GZMK may indirectly regulate germ cell apoptosis by premature release of round spermatids from seminiferous tubule lumen.
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Wang L, Dou T, Li S, Liu Y. Transcriptome profiling and pathway analysis of the effects of mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in mouse Sertoli cells. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:2821-2829. [PMID: 30906470 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Phthalates are confirmed to have toxic effects on the reproductive system and are likely to have further damaging actions in humans. The present study explored the molecular mechanisms of the toxic effect of mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) on mouse Sertoli cells. Cell apoptosis and proliferation assays were used to assess the effects of MEHP on the TM4 Sertoli cell line derived from mouse testes. TM4 cells were treated with two doses of MEHP or left untreated as a control group, followed by RNA extraction and analysis using high-throughput transcriptome sequencing technology. The gene expression profile obtained was then subjected to a bioinformatics analysis to explore the molecular mechanisms of reproductive toxicity. The results revealed that 528 and 269 genes were upregulated in the high- and low-dose MEHP groups of cells compared with the control group, while 148 and 173 genes were downregulated. Gene ontology (GO) analysis indicated that the differently expressed genes were associated with the GO term 'extracellular region' of the cellular component domain in the high and low MEHP groups. Compared with the control group, eight common pathway changes were identified in the high- and low-dose MEHP groups, including 'terpenoid backbone biosynthesis'. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis was used to validation, and hermetic effects were observed for certain genes. These results provide an important basis and experimental data for further research into the mechanisms of phthalate-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of The Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,College of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, P.R. China
| | - Tonghai Dou
- Department of Microbiology and Microbial Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Shuguang Li
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of The Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Quality Inspection and Technical Research, National Quality Supervision and Inspection Center for Food Products (Shanghai), Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
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Xiao X, Yang Y, Mao B, Cheng CY, Ni Y. Emerging role for SRC family kinases in junction dynamics during spermatogenesis. Reproduction 2019; 157:R85-R94. [PMID: 30608903 PMCID: PMC6602873 DOI: 10.1530/rep-18-0440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
SRC family kinases (SFKs) are known regulators of multiple cellular events, including cell movement, differentiation, proliferation, survival and apoptosis. SFKs are expressed virtually by all mammalian cells. They are non-receptor protein kinases that phosphorylate a variety of cellular proteins on tyrosine, leading to the activation of protein targets in response to environmental stimuli. Among SFKs, SRC, YES and FYN are the ubiquitously expressed and best studied members. In fact, SRC, the prototypical SFK, was the first tyrosine kinase identified in mammalian cells. Studies have shown that SFKs are regulators of cell junctions, and function in endocytosis and membrane trafficking to regulate junction restructuring events. Herein, we briefly summarize the recent findings in the field regarding the role of SFKs in the testis in regulating spermatogenesis, particularly in Sertoli-Sertoli and Sertoli-germ cell adhesion. While it is almost 50 years since the identification of the oncogene v-Src encoded by Rous sarcoma transforming virus, the understanding of SFK involvement during spermatogenesis in the testis remains far behind that in other epithelia and tissues. The goal of this review is to bridge this gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Xiao
- Department of Reproductive Physiology, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310013, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of Reproductive Physiology, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310013, Zhejiang, China
| | - Baiping Mao
- The Mary M. Woldford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - C. Yan Cheng
- The Mary M. Woldford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Ya Ni
- Department of Reproductive Physiology, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310013, Zhejiang, China
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Yang F, Guan J, Li R, Li X, Niu J, Shang R, Qi J, Wang X. miR-1388 regulates the expression of nectin2l in Paralichthys olivaceus. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2018; 28:9-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Wen Q, Tang EI, Lui WY, Lee WM, Wong CKC, Silvestrini B, Cheng CY. Dynein 1 supports spermatid transport and spermiation during spermatogenesis in the rat testis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 315:E924-E948. [PMID: 30016153 PMCID: PMC6293164 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00114.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In the mammalian testis, spermatogenesis is dependent on the microtubule (MT)-specific motor proteins, such as dynein 1, that serve as the engine to support germ cell and organelle transport across the seminiferous epithelium at different stages of the epithelial cycle. Yet the underlying molecular mechanism(s) that support this series of cellular events remain unknown. Herein, we used RNAi to knockdown cytoplasmic dynein 1 heavy chain (Dync1h1) and an inhibitor ciliobrevin D to inactivate dynein in Sertoli cells in vitro and the testis in vivo, thereby probing the role of dynein 1 in spermatogenesis. Both treatments were shown to extensively induce disruption of MT organization across Sertoli cells in vitro and the testis in vivo. These changes also perturbed the transport of spermatids and other organelles (such as phagosomes) across the epithelium. These changes thus led to disruption of spermatogenesis. Interestingly, the knockdown of dynein 1 or its inactivation by ciliobrevin D also perturbed gross disruption of F-actin across the Sertoli cells in vitro and the seminiferous epithelium in vivo, illustrating there are cross talks between the two cytoskeletons in the testis. In summary, these findings confirm the role of cytoplasmic dynein 1 to support the transport of spermatids and organelles across the seminiferous epithelium during the epithelial cycle of spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wen
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council , New York, New York
| | - Elizabeth I Tang
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council , New York, New York
| | - Wing-Yee Lui
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Will M Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chris K C Wong
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - C Yan Cheng
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council , New York, New York
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Wen Q, Mruk D, Tang EI, Wong CK, Lui WY, Lee WM, Xiao X, Silvestrini B, Cheng CY. Cell polarity and cytoskeletons-Lesson from the testis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 81:21-32. [PMID: 28965865 PMCID: PMC5889362 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cell polarity in the adult mammalian testis refers to the polarized alignment of developing spermatids during spermiogenesis and the polarized organization of organelles (e.g., phagosomes, endocytic vesicles, Sertoli cell nuclei, Golgi apparatus) in Sertoli cells and germ cells to support spermatogenesis. Without these distinctive features of cell polarity in the seminiferous epithelium, it is not possible to support the daily production of millions of sperm in the limited space provided by the seminiferous tubules in either rodent or human males through the adulthood. In short, cell polarity provides a novel mean to align spermatids and the supporting organelles (e.g., phagosomes, Golgi apparatus, endocytic vesicles) in a highly organized fashion spatially in the seminiferous epithelium during the epithelial cycle of spermatogenesis. This is analogous to different assembling units in a manufacturing plant such that as developing spermatids move along the "assembly line" conferred by Sertoli cells, different structural/functional components can be added to (or removed from) the developing spermatids during spermiogenesis, so that functional spermatozoa are produced at the end of the assembly line. Herein, we briefly review findings regarding the regulation of cell polarity in the testis with specific emphasis on developing spermatids, supported by an intriguing network of regulatory proteins along a local functional axis. Emerging evidence has suggested that cell cytoskeletons provide the tracks which in turn confer the unique assembly lines in the seminiferous epithelium. We also provide some thought-provoking concepts based on which functional experiments can be designed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wen
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, 1230 York Ave, New York, New York 10065
| | - Dolores Mruk
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, 1230 York Ave, New York, New York 10065
| | - Elizabeth I. Tang
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, 1230 York Ave, New York, New York 10065
| | - Chris K.C. Wong
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing-yee Lui
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Will M. Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiang Xiao
- Department of Reproductive Physiology, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | | | - C. Yan Cheng
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, 1230 York Ave, New York, New York 10065
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Immune-Endocrine Interactions in the Fish Gonad during Infection: An Open Door to Vertical Transmission. FISHES 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/fishes3020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Dynamic of VE-cadherin-mediated spermatid-Sertoli cell contacts in the mouse seminiferous epithelium. Histochem Cell Biol 2018; 150:173-185. [PMID: 29797291 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-018-1682-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Spermatids are haploid differentiating cells that, in the meantime they differentiate, translocate along the seminiferous epithelium towards the tubule lumen to be just released as spermatozoa. The success of such a migration depends on dynamic of spermatid-Sertoli cell contacts, the molecular nature of which has not been well defined yet. It was demonstrated that the vascular endothelial cadherin (VEC) is expressed transitorily in the mouse seminiferous epithelium. Here, we evaluated the pattern of VEC expression by immunohistochemistry first in seminiferous tubules at different stages of the epithelial cycle when only unique types of germ cell associations are present. Changes in the pattern of VEC localization according to the step of spermatid differentiation were analysed in detail using testis fragments and spontaneously released germ cells. Utilizing the first wave of spermatogenesis as an in vivo model to have at disposal spermatids at progressive steps of differentiation, we checked for level of looser VEC association with the membrane by performing protein solubilisation under mild detergent conditions and assays through VEC-immunoblotting. Being changes in VEC solubilisation paralleled in changes in phosphotyrosine (pY) content, we evaluated if spermatid VEC undergoes Y658 phosphorylation and if this correlates with VEC solubilisation and spermatid progression in differentiation. Altogether, our study shows a temporally restricted pattern of VEC expression that culminates with the presence of round spermatids to progressively decrease starting from spermatid elongation. Conversely, pY658-VEC signs elongating spermatids; its intracellular polarized compartmentalization suggests a possible involvement of pY658-VEC in the acquisition of spermatid cell polarity.
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Budipitojo T, Sasaki M, Nurliani A, Ariana, Mulyani GT, Kitamura N. An Immunohistochemical Study of the Cytoskeletal Proteins in the Testis of the Sunda porcupine (Hystrix javanica). MAMMAL STUDY 2018. [DOI: 10.3106/ms2017-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teguh Budipitojo
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Motoki Sasaki
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Anni Nurliani
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Lambung Mangkurat University, South Kalimantan, 70714, Indonesia
| | - Ariana
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Guntari Titik Mulyani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Nobuo Kitamura
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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Kumar A, Raut S, Balasinor NH. Endocrine regulation of sperm release. Reprod Fertil Dev 2018; 30:1595-1603. [DOI: 10.1071/rd18057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Spermiation (sperm release) is the culmination of a spermatid’s journey in the seminiferous epithelium. After a long association with the Sertoli cell, spermatids have to finally ‘let go’ of the support from Sertoli cells in order to be transported to the epididymis. Spermiation is a multistep process characterised by removal of excess spermatid cytoplasm, recycling of junctional adhesion molecules by endocytosis, extensive cytoskeletal remodelling and final spermatid disengagement. Successful execution of all these events requires coordinated regulation by endocrine and paracrine factors. This review focuses on the endocrine regulation of spermiation. With the aim of delineating how hormones control the various aspects of spermiation, this review provides an analysis of recent advances in research on the hormonal control of molecules associated with the spermiation machinery. Because spermiation is one of the most sensitive phases of spermatogenesis to variations in hormone levels, understanding their molecular control is imperative to advance our knowledge of the nuances of spermatogenesis and male fertility.
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Li L, Gao Y, Chen H, Jesus T, Tang E, Li N, Lian Q, Ge RS, Cheng CY. Cell polarity, cell adhesion, and spermatogenesis: role of cytoskeletons. F1000Res 2017; 6:1565. [PMID: 28928959 PMCID: PMC5580414 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.11421.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In the rat testis, studies have shown that cell polarity, in particular spermatid polarity, to support spermatogenesis is conferred by the coordinated efforts of the Par-, Crumbs-, and Scribble-based polarity complexes in the seminiferous epithelium. Furthermore, planar cell polarity (PCP) is conferred by PCP proteins such as Van Gogh-like 2 (Vangl2) in the testis. On the other hand, cell junctions at the Sertoli cell–spermatid (steps 8–19) interface are exclusively supported by adhesion protein complexes (for example, α6β1-integrin-laminin-α3,β3,γ3 and nectin-3-afadin) at the actin-rich apical ectoplasmic specialization (ES) since the apical ES is the only anchoring device in step 8–19 spermatids. For cell junctions at the Sertoli cell–cell interface, they are supported by adhesion complexes at the actin-based basal ES (for example, N-cadherin-β-catenin and nectin-2-afadin), tight junction (occludin-ZO-1 and claudin 11-ZO-1), and gap junction (connexin 43-plakophilin-2) and also intermediate filament-based desmosome (for example, desmoglein-2-desmocollin-2). In short, the testis-specific actin-rich anchoring device known as ES is crucial to support spermatid and Sertoli cell adhesion. Accumulating evidence has shown that the Par-, Crumbs-, and Scribble-based polarity complexes and the PCP Vangl2 are working in concert with actin- or microtubule-based cytoskeletons (or both) and these polarity (or PCP) protein complexes exert their effects through changes in the organization of the cytoskeletal elements across the seminiferous epithelium of adult rat testes. As such, there is an intimate relationship between cell polarity, cell adhesion, and cytoskeletal function in the testis. Herein, we critically evaluate these recent findings based on studies on different animal models. We also suggest some crucial future studies to be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linxi Li
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, New York, USA.,The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Gao
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, New York, USA
| | - Haiqi Chen
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, New York, USA
| | - Tito Jesus
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, New York, USA
| | - Elizabeth Tang
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, New York, USA
| | - Nan Li
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, New York, USA
| | - Qingquan Lian
- The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ren-Shan Ge
- The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - C Yan Cheng
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, New York, USA
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Jain M, Kalsi AK, Srivastava A, Gupta YK, Halder A. High Serum Estradiol and Heavy Metals Responsible for Human Spermiation Defect-A Pilot Study. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 10:RC09-RC13. [PMID: 28208955 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/22483.8990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Spermiation is a process of releasing sperm into the lumen of seminiferous tubules. Failure in releasing sperm into the lumen is designated as spermiation defect. Spermiation defect cases present as oligo-azoospermia or azoospermia despite normal gonadotropins and testicular histology/cytology. Human spermiation defect never got attention to investigate infertility practice. Most of the information on spermiation defect, so far is from animal experiments. We assume some cases of non-obstructive azoospermia with normal gonadotropins and testicular histology/cytology could be due to spermiation defect. AIM The aim of the study was to find out the underlying aetiology in cases of human spermiation defect. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 13 cases of spermiation defect and 20 fertile men as control constituted study material. Cases were studied for chromosomal abnormalities by conventional karyotyping, sex chromosome mosaicism by interphase XY FISH, Yq microdeletion by STS PCR, sertoli cell quality (function) and quantity (numbers) by serum Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) and inhibin B besides other hormones like Follicular Stimulating Hormone (FSH), prolactin, testosterone and estradiol. Vitamin A concentration in serum was also measured. Presence of heavy metal was investigated by elemental electron microscopy in seminal cells (eight cases) & by spectrometry in serum as well as seminal plasma. RESULTS Chromosomal and Yq microdeletion study failed to detect any abnormalities. AMH, inhibin B and vitamin A were also normal. Estradiol level was high in 6 out of 13 cases (46%) while platinum in seminal cells was high in 4 cases (50%). High (four times or more) serum level of lead and nickel was observed in 11 (85%) and 6 (46%) cases, respectively. CONCLUSION High serum concentration of heavy metals like lead & nickel or high platinum accumulation in seminal cells or high serum estradiol alone or in combinations may be underlying aetiologic factors in human spermiation defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Jain
- Scientist, Department of Reproductive Biology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences , New Delhi, India
| | - Amanpreet Kaur Kalsi
- PhD Student, Department of Reproductive Biology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences , New Delhi, India
| | - Amita Srivastava
- Scientist, Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences , New Delhi, India
| | - Yogendra Kumar Gupta
- Professor, Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences , New Delhi, India
| | - Ashutosh Halder
- Professor, Department of Reproductive Biology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences , New Delhi, India
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Abstract
Drebrin is a family of actin-binding proteins with two known members called drebrin A and E. Apart from the ability to stabilize F-actin microfilaments via their actin-binding domains near the N-terminus, drebrin also regulates multiple cellular functions due to its unique ability to recruit multiple binding partners to a specific cellular domain, such as the seminiferous epithelium during the epithelial cycle of spermatogenesis. Recent studies have illustrated the role of drebrin E in the testis during spermatogenesis in particular via its ability to recruit branched actin polymerization protein known as actin-related protein 3 (Arp3), illustrating its involvement in modifying the organization of actin microfilaments at the ectoplasmic specialization (ES) which includes the testis-specific anchoring junction at the Sertoli-spermatid (apical ES) interface and at the Sertoli cell-cell (basal ES) interface. These data are carefully evaluated in light of other recent findings herein regarding the role of drebrin in actin filament organization at the ES. We also provide the hypothetical model regarding its involvement in germ cell transport during the epithelial cycle in the seminiferous epithelium to support spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqi Chen
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Ave., New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Michelle W M Li
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Ave., New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - C Yan Cheng
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Ave., New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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Schrade A, Kyrönlahti A, Akinrinade O, Pihlajoki M, Fischer S, Rodriguez VM, Otte K, Velagapudi V, Toppari J, Wilson DB, Heikinheimo M. GATA4 Regulates Blood-Testis Barrier Function and Lactate Metabolism in Mouse Sertoli Cells. Endocrinology 2016; 157:2416-31. [PMID: 26974005 PMCID: PMC4891789 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Conditional deletion of Gata4 in Sertoli cells (SCs) of adult mice has been shown to increase permeability of the blood-testis barrier (BTB) and disrupt spermatogenesis. To gain insight into the molecular underpinnings of these phenotypic abnormalities, we assessed the impact of Gata4 gene silencing in cell culture models. Microarray hybridization identified genes dysregulated by siRNA-mediated inhibition of Gata4 in TM4 cells, an immortalized mouse SC line. Differentially expressed genes were validated by quantitative RT-PCR analysis of primary cultures of Gata4(flox/flox) mouse SCs that had been subjected to cre-mediated recombination in vitro. Depletion of GATA4 in TM4 cells and primary SCs was associated with altered expression of genes involved in key facets of BTB maintenance, including tight/adherens junction formation (Tjp1, Cldn12, Vcl, Tnc, Csk) and extracellular matrix reorganization (Lamc1, Col4a1, Col4a5, Mmp10, Mmp23, Timp2). Western blotting and immunocytochemistry demonstrated reduced levels of tight junction protein-1, a prototypical tight junction protein, in GATA4-depleted cells. These changes were accompanied by a loss of morphologically recognizable junctional complexes and a decline in epithelial membrane resistance. Furthermore, Gata4 gene silencing was associated with altered expression of Hk1, Gpi1, Pfkp, Pgam1, Gls2, Pdk3, Pkd4, and Ldhb, genes regulating the production of lactate, a key nutrient that SCs provide to developing germ cells. Comprehensive metabolomic profiling demonstrated impaired lactate production in GATA4-deficient SCs. We conclude that GATA4 plays a pivotal role in the regulation of BTB function and lactate metabolism in mouse SCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Schrade
- Children's Hospital (A.S., A.K., O.A., M.P., M.H.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki 00014, Finland; Institute of Applied Biotechnology (S.F., K.O.), University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Biberach 88400, Germany; Metabolomics Unit (V.V.), Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki 00014, Helsinki, Finland; Departments of Physiology and Pediatrics (J.T.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku 20520, Finland; and Departments of Pediatrics (A.S., V.M.R., D.B.W., M.H.) and Developmental Biology (D.B.W.), Washington University, St Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Antti Kyrönlahti
- Children's Hospital (A.S., A.K., O.A., M.P., M.H.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki 00014, Finland; Institute of Applied Biotechnology (S.F., K.O.), University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Biberach 88400, Germany; Metabolomics Unit (V.V.), Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki 00014, Helsinki, Finland; Departments of Physiology and Pediatrics (J.T.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku 20520, Finland; and Departments of Pediatrics (A.S., V.M.R., D.B.W., M.H.) and Developmental Biology (D.B.W.), Washington University, St Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Oyediran Akinrinade
- Children's Hospital (A.S., A.K., O.A., M.P., M.H.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki 00014, Finland; Institute of Applied Biotechnology (S.F., K.O.), University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Biberach 88400, Germany; Metabolomics Unit (V.V.), Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki 00014, Helsinki, Finland; Departments of Physiology and Pediatrics (J.T.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku 20520, Finland; and Departments of Pediatrics (A.S., V.M.R., D.B.W., M.H.) and Developmental Biology (D.B.W.), Washington University, St Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Marjut Pihlajoki
- Children's Hospital (A.S., A.K., O.A., M.P., M.H.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki 00014, Finland; Institute of Applied Biotechnology (S.F., K.O.), University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Biberach 88400, Germany; Metabolomics Unit (V.V.), Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki 00014, Helsinki, Finland; Departments of Physiology and Pediatrics (J.T.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku 20520, Finland; and Departments of Pediatrics (A.S., V.M.R., D.B.W., M.H.) and Developmental Biology (D.B.W.), Washington University, St Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Simon Fischer
- Children's Hospital (A.S., A.K., O.A., M.P., M.H.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki 00014, Finland; Institute of Applied Biotechnology (S.F., K.O.), University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Biberach 88400, Germany; Metabolomics Unit (V.V.), Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki 00014, Helsinki, Finland; Departments of Physiology and Pediatrics (J.T.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku 20520, Finland; and Departments of Pediatrics (A.S., V.M.R., D.B.W., M.H.) and Developmental Biology (D.B.W.), Washington University, St Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Verena Martinez Rodriguez
- Children's Hospital (A.S., A.K., O.A., M.P., M.H.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki 00014, Finland; Institute of Applied Biotechnology (S.F., K.O.), University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Biberach 88400, Germany; Metabolomics Unit (V.V.), Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki 00014, Helsinki, Finland; Departments of Physiology and Pediatrics (J.T.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku 20520, Finland; and Departments of Pediatrics (A.S., V.M.R., D.B.W., M.H.) and Developmental Biology (D.B.W.), Washington University, St Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Kerstin Otte
- Children's Hospital (A.S., A.K., O.A., M.P., M.H.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki 00014, Finland; Institute of Applied Biotechnology (S.F., K.O.), University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Biberach 88400, Germany; Metabolomics Unit (V.V.), Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki 00014, Helsinki, Finland; Departments of Physiology and Pediatrics (J.T.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku 20520, Finland; and Departments of Pediatrics (A.S., V.M.R., D.B.W., M.H.) and Developmental Biology (D.B.W.), Washington University, St Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Vidya Velagapudi
- Children's Hospital (A.S., A.K., O.A., M.P., M.H.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki 00014, Finland; Institute of Applied Biotechnology (S.F., K.O.), University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Biberach 88400, Germany; Metabolomics Unit (V.V.), Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki 00014, Helsinki, Finland; Departments of Physiology and Pediatrics (J.T.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku 20520, Finland; and Departments of Pediatrics (A.S., V.M.R., D.B.W., M.H.) and Developmental Biology (D.B.W.), Washington University, St Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Jorma Toppari
- Children's Hospital (A.S., A.K., O.A., M.P., M.H.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki 00014, Finland; Institute of Applied Biotechnology (S.F., K.O.), University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Biberach 88400, Germany; Metabolomics Unit (V.V.), Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki 00014, Helsinki, Finland; Departments of Physiology and Pediatrics (J.T.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku 20520, Finland; and Departments of Pediatrics (A.S., V.M.R., D.B.W., M.H.) and Developmental Biology (D.B.W.), Washington University, St Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - David B Wilson
- Children's Hospital (A.S., A.K., O.A., M.P., M.H.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki 00014, Finland; Institute of Applied Biotechnology (S.F., K.O.), University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Biberach 88400, Germany; Metabolomics Unit (V.V.), Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki 00014, Helsinki, Finland; Departments of Physiology and Pediatrics (J.T.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku 20520, Finland; and Departments of Pediatrics (A.S., V.M.R., D.B.W., M.H.) and Developmental Biology (D.B.W.), Washington University, St Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Markku Heikinheimo
- Children's Hospital (A.S., A.K., O.A., M.P., M.H.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki 00014, Finland; Institute of Applied Biotechnology (S.F., K.O.), University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Biberach 88400, Germany; Metabolomics Unit (V.V.), Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki 00014, Helsinki, Finland; Departments of Physiology and Pediatrics (J.T.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku 20520, Finland; and Departments of Pediatrics (A.S., V.M.R., D.B.W., M.H.) and Developmental Biology (D.B.W.), Washington University, St Louis, Missouri 63110
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36
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Tang EI, Lee WM, Cheng CY. Coordination of Actin- and Microtubule-Based Cytoskeletons Supports Transport of Spermatids and Residual Bodies/Phagosomes During Spermatogenesis in the Rat Testis. Endocrinology 2016; 157:1644-59. [PMID: 26894662 PMCID: PMC4816739 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Germ cell transport across the seminiferous epithelium during spermatogenesis requires the intricate coordination of cell junctions, signaling proteins, and both actin- and microtubule (MT)-based cytoskeletons. Although the involvement of cytoskeletons in germ cell transport has been suggested, the precise mechanism(s) remains elusive. Based on growing evidence that actin and MT interactions underlie fundamental cellular processes, such as cell motility, it is unlikely that actin- and MT-based cytoskeletons work independently to regulate germ cell transport in the testis. Using rats treated with adjudin, a potential male contraceptive that disrupts spermatid adhesion and transport in the testis, as a study model, we show herein that actin- and MT-based cytoskeletons are both necessary for transport of spermatids and residual bodies/phagosomes across the seminiferous epithelium in adult rat testes. Analysis of intratubular expression of F-actin and tubulin revealed disruption of both actin and MT networks, concomitant with misdirected spermatids and phagosomes in rats treated with adjudin. Actin regulatory proteins, epidermal growth factor receptor pathway substrate 8 and actin-related protein 3, were mislocalized and down-regulated at the actin-rich anchoring junction between germ and Sertoli cells (apical ectoplasmic specialization) after adjudin treatment. Nonreceptor tyrosine kinase p-FAK-Tyr(407), known to regulate F-actin nucleation via actin-related protein 3, was also mislocalized and down-regulated at the apical ectoplasmic specialization, corroborating the observation of actin cytoskeleton disruption. Additionally, spatiotemporal expression of MT regulatory protein end-binding protein 1, shown to be involved in MT-actin cross talk herein, was also disrupted after adjudin treatment. In summary, spermatid/phagosome transport across the epithelium during spermatogenesis requires the coordination between actin- and MT-based cytoskeletons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth I Tang
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research (E.I.T., C.Y.C.), Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York 10065; and School of Biological Sciences (W.M.L.), The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Will M Lee
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research (E.I.T., C.Y.C.), Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York 10065; and School of Biological Sciences (W.M.L.), The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - C Yan Cheng
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research (E.I.T., C.Y.C.), Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York 10065; and School of Biological Sciences (W.M.L.), The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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37
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Liu C, Wang H, Shang Y, Liu W, Song Z, Zhao H, Wang L, Jia P, Gao F, Xu Z, Yang L, Gao F, Li W. Autophagy is required for ectoplasmic specialization assembly in sertoli cells. Autophagy 2016; 12:814-32. [PMID: 26986811 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2016.1159377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The ectoplasmic specialization (ES) is essential for Sertoli-germ cell communication to support all phases of germ cell development and maturity. Its formation and remodeling requires rapid reorganization of the cytoskeleton. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of ES assembly is still largely unknown. Here, we show that Sertoli cell-specific disruption of autophagy influenced male mouse fertility due to the resulting disorganized seminiferous tubules and spermatozoa with malformed heads. In autophagy-deficient mouse testes, cytoskeleton structures were disordered and ES assembly was disrupted. The disorganization of the cytoskeleton structures might be caused by the accumulation of a negative cytoskeleton organization regulator, PDLIM1, and these defects could be partially rescued by Pdlim1 knockdown in autophagy-deficient Sertoli cells. Altogether, our works reveal that the degradation of PDLIM1 by autophagy in Sertoli cells is important for the proper assembly of the ES, and these findings define a novel role for autophagy in Sertoli cell-germ cell communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- a State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China.,b University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Hongna Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China.,b University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Yongliang Shang
- a State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China.,b University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Weixiao Liu
- a State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Zhenhua Song
- a State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China.,b University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Haichao Zhao
- a State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China.,b University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Lina Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China.,b University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Pengfei Jia
- c State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Fengyi Gao
- a State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Zhiliang Xu
- a State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China.,b University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Lin Yang
- c State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Fei Gao
- a State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China.,b University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Wei Li
- a State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China.,b University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
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38
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França LR, Hess RA, Dufour JM, Hofmann MC, Griswold MD. The Sertoli cell: one hundred fifty years of beauty and plasticity. Andrology 2016; 4:189-212. [PMID: 26846984 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
It has been one and a half centuries since Enrico Sertoli published the seminal discovery of the testicular 'nurse cell', not only a key cell in the testis, but indeed one of the most amazing cells in the vertebrate body. In this review, we begin by examining the three phases of morphological research that have occurred in the study of Sertoli cells, because microscopic anatomy was essentially the only scientific discipline available for about the first 75 years after the discovery. Biochemistry and molecular biology then changed all of biological sciences, including our understanding of the functions of Sertoli cells. Immunology and stem cell biology were not even topics of science in 1865, but they have now become major issues in our appreciation of Sertoli cell's role in spermatogenesis. We end with the universal importance and plasticity of function by comparing Sertoli cells in fish, amphibians, and mammals. In these various classes of vertebrates, Sertoli cells have quite different modes of proliferation and epithelial maintenance, cystic vs. tubular formation, yet accomplish essentially the same function but in strikingly different ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R França
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - R A Hess
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology, Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - J M Dufour
- Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - M C Hofmann
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - M D Griswold
- Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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Korhonen HM, Yadav RP, Da Ros M, Chalmel F, Zimmermann C, Toppari J, Nef S, Kotaja N. DICER Regulates the Formation and Maintenance of Cell-Cell Junctions in the Mouse Seminiferous Epithelium. Biol Reprod 2015; 93:139. [PMID: 26510868 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.115.131938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The endonuclease DICER that processes micro-RNAs and small interfering RNAs is essential for normal spermatogenesis and male fertility. We previously showed that the deletion of Dicer1 gene in postnatal spermatogonia in mice using Ngn3 promoter-driven Cre expression caused severe defects in the morphogenesis of haploid spermatid to mature spermatozoon, including problems in cell polarization and nuclear elongation. In this study, we further analyzed the same mouse model and revealed that absence of functional DICER in differentiating male germ cells induces disorganization of the cell-cell junctions in the seminiferous epithelium. We detected discontinuous and irregular apical ectoplasmic specializations between elongating spermatids and Sertoli cells. The defective anchoring of spermatids to Sertoli cells caused a premature release of spermatids into the lumen. Our findings may help also explain the abnormal elongation process of remaining spermatids because these junctions and the correct positioning of germ cells in the epithelium are critically important for the progression of spermiogenesis. Interestingly, cell adhesion-related genes were generally upregulated in Dicer1 knockout germ cells. Claudin 5 ( Cldn5 ) was among the most upregulated genes and we show that the polarized localization of CLAUDIN5 in the apical ectoplasmic specializations was lost in Dicer1 knockout spermatids. Our results suggest that DICER-dependent pathways control the formation and organization of cell-cell junctions in the seminiferous epithelium via the regulation of cell adhesion-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Maria Korhonen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Physiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ram Prakash Yadav
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Physiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Matteo Da Ros
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Physiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Céline Zimmermann
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland iGE3, Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jorma Toppari
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Physiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland Department of Pediatrics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Serge Nef
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland iGE3, Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Noora Kotaja
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Physiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Davis BW, Seabury CM, Brashear WA, Li G, Roelke-Parker M, Murphy WJ. Mechanisms Underlying Mammalian Hybrid Sterility in Two Feline Interspecies Models. Mol Biol Evol 2015; 32:2534-46. [PMID: 26006188 PMCID: PMC4592343 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msv124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The phenomenon of male sterility in interspecies hybrids has been observed for over a century, however, few genes influencing this recurrent phenotype have been identified. Genetic investigations have been primarily limited to a small number of model organisms, thus limiting our understanding of the underlying molecular basis of this well-documented "rule of speciation." We utilized two interspecies hybrid cat breeds in a genome-wide association study employing the Illumina 63 K single-nucleotide polymorphism array. Collectively, we identified eight autosomal genes/gene regions underlying associations with hybrid male sterility (HMS) involved in the function of the blood-testis barrier, gamete structural development, and transcriptional regulation. We also identified several candidate hybrid sterility regions on the X chromosome, with most residing in close proximity to complex duplicated regions. Differential gene expression analyses revealed significant chromosome-wide upregulation of X chromosome transcripts in testes of sterile hybrids, which were enriched for genes involved in chromatin regulation of gene expression. Our expression results parallel those reported in Mus hybrids, supporting the "Large X-Effect" in mammalian HMS and the potential epigenetic basis for this phenomenon. These results support the value of the interspecies feline model as a powerful tool for comparison to rodent models of HMS, demonstrating unique aspects and potential commonalities that underpin mammalian reproductive isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian W Davis
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics, Texas A&M University
| | - Christopher M Seabury
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics, Texas A&M University
| | - Wesley A Brashear
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics, Texas A&M University
| | - Gang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University
| | - Melody Roelke-Parker
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - William J Murphy
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics, Texas A&M University
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Li N, Mruk DD, Wong CKC, Han D, Lee WM, Cheng CY. Formin 1 Regulates Ectoplasmic Specialization in the Rat Testis Through Its Actin Nucleation and Bundling Activity. Endocrinology 2015; 156:2969-83. [PMID: 25901598 PMCID: PMC4511136 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
During spermatogenesis, developing spermatids and preleptotene spermatocytes are transported across the adluminal compartment and the blood-testis barrier (BTB), respectively, so that spermatids line up near the luminal edge to prepare for spermiation, whereas preleptotene spermatocytes enter the adluminal compartment to differentiate into late spermatocytes to prepare for meiosis I/II. These cellular events involve actin microfilament reorganization at the testis-specific, actin-rich Sertoli-spermatid and Sertoli-Sertoli cell junction called apical and basal ectoplasmic specialization (ES). Formin 1, an actin nucleation protein known to promote actin microfilament elongation and bundling, was expressed at the apical ES but limited to stage VII of the epithelial cycle, whereas its expression at the basal ES/BTB stretched from stage III to stage VI, diminished in stage VII, and was undetectable in stage VIII tubules. Using an in vitro model of studying Sertoli cell BTB function by RNA interference and biochemical assays to monitor actin bundling and polymerization activity, a knockdown of formin 1 in Sertoli cells by approximately 70% impeded the tight junction-permeability function. This disruptive effect on the tight junction barrier was mediated by a loss of actin microfilament bundling and actin polymerization capability mediated by changes in the localization of branched actin-inducing protein Arp3 (actin-related protein 3), and actin bundling proteins Eps8 (epidermal growth factor receptor pathway substrate 8) and palladin, thereby disrupting cell adhesion. Formin 1 knockdown in vivo was found to impede spermatid adhesion, transport, and polarity, causing defects in spermiation in which elongated spermatids remained embedded into the epithelium in stage IX tubules, mediated by changes in the spatiotemporal expression of Arp3, Eps8, and palladin. In summary, formin 1 is a regulator of ES dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Center for Biomedical Research (N.L., D.D.M., C.Y.C.), Population Council, New York, New York 10065; Department of Biology (C.K.C.W.), Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Department of Cell Biology (D.H.), Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; and School of Biological Sciences (W.M.L.), University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dolores D Mruk
- Center for Biomedical Research (N.L., D.D.M., C.Y.C.), Population Council, New York, New York 10065; Department of Biology (C.K.C.W.), Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Department of Cell Biology (D.H.), Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; and School of Biological Sciences (W.M.L.), University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chris K C Wong
- Center for Biomedical Research (N.L., D.D.M., C.Y.C.), Population Council, New York, New York 10065; Department of Biology (C.K.C.W.), Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Department of Cell Biology (D.H.), Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; and School of Biological Sciences (W.M.L.), University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Daishu Han
- Center for Biomedical Research (N.L., D.D.M., C.Y.C.), Population Council, New York, New York 10065; Department of Biology (C.K.C.W.), Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Department of Cell Biology (D.H.), Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; and School of Biological Sciences (W.M.L.), University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Will M Lee
- Center for Biomedical Research (N.L., D.D.M., C.Y.C.), Population Council, New York, New York 10065; Department of Biology (C.K.C.W.), Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Department of Cell Biology (D.H.), Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; and School of Biological Sciences (W.M.L.), University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - C Yan Cheng
- Center for Biomedical Research (N.L., D.D.M., C.Y.C.), Population Council, New York, New York 10065; Department of Biology (C.K.C.W.), Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Department of Cell Biology (D.H.), Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; and School of Biological Sciences (W.M.L.), University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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42
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Li N, Mruk DD, Wong CKC, Lee WM, Han D, Cheng CY. Actin-bundling protein plastin 3 is a regulator of ectoplasmic specialization dynamics during spermatogenesis in the rat testis. FASEB J 2015; 29:3788-805. [PMID: 26048141 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-267997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ectoplasmic specialization (ES) is an actin-rich adherens junction in the seminiferous epithelium of adult mammalian testes. ES is restricted to the Sertoli-spermatid (apical ES) interface, as well as the Sertoli cell-cell (basal ES) interface at the blood-testis barrier (BTB). ES is typified by the presence of an array of bundles of actin microfilaments near the Sertoli cell plasma membrane. These actin microfilament bundles require rapid debundling to convert them from a bundled to branched/unbundled configuration and vice versa to confer plasticity to support the transport of 1) spermatids in the adluminal compartment and 2) preleptotene spermatocytes at the BTB while maintaining cell adhesion. Plastin 3 is one of the plastin family members abundantly found in yeast, plant and animal cells that confers actin microfilaments their bundled configuration. Herein, plastin 3 was shown to be a component of the apical and basal ES in the rat testis, displaying spatiotemporal expression during the epithelial cycle. A knockdown (KD) of plastin 3 in Sertoli cells by RNA interference using an in vitro model to study BTB function showed that a transient loss of plastin 3 perturbed the Sertoli cell tight junction-permeability barrier, mediated by changes in the localization of basal ES proteins N-cadherin and β-catenin. More importantly, these changes were the result of an alteration of the actin microfilaments, converting from their bundled to branched configuration when examined microscopically, and validated by biochemical assays that quantified actin-bundling and polymerization activity. Moreover, these changes were confirmed by studies in vivo by plastin 3 KD in the testis in which mis-localization of N-cadherin and β-catenin was also detected at the BTB, concomitant with defects in the transport of spermatids and phagosomes and a disruption of cell adhesion most notably in elongated spermatids due to a loss of actin-bundling capability at the apical ES, which in turn affected localization of adhesion protein complexes at the site. In summary, plastin 3 is a regulator of actin microfilament bundles at the ES in which it dictates the configuration of the filamentous actin network by assuming either a bundled or unbundled/branched configuration via changes in its spatiotemporal expression during the epithelial cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- *The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York, USA; Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; and Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dolores D Mruk
- *The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York, USA; Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; and Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chris K C Wong
- *The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York, USA; Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; and Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Will M Lee
- *The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York, USA; Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; and Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Daishu Han
- *The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York, USA; Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; and Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - C Yan Cheng
- *The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York, USA; Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; and Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Rode K, Sieme H, Richterich P, Brehm R. Characterization of the equine blood-testis barrier during tubular development in normal and cryptorchid stallions. Theriogenology 2015; 84:763-72. [PMID: 26074069 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The formation of the blood-testis barrier (BTB) is defined as occurring with the first appearance of spermatocytes at around puberty and is vital for normal spermatogenesis. This barrier between two adjacent Sertoli cells (SCs) consists of a cell junctional protein complex, which includes tight junctions (TJs), adherens junctions, and gap junctions. In many mammalian species, BTB composition has already been investigated, whereas little is known about the equine BTB. In the present study, immunohistochemistry and qualitative Western Blot analysis were used to assess the expression and distribution patterns of the junctional proteins claudin-11 (TJ), zonula occludens-1 (TJ associated), N-cadherin (adherens junctions), and connexin 43 (gap junctions) in equine testes during tubular development and in testes of stallions exhibiting unilateral cryptorchidism. Therefore, testes of 21 warmblood stallions (aged 12 months-11 years) were obtained during routine surgical castration. In the normal adult equine testis, the junctional proteins are localized at the basolateral region of the seminiferous tubules forming a circumferential seal corresponding to the known BTB localization. N-cadherin is additionally expressed along the lateral SC surface. In immature seminiferous cords still lacking a lumen, a diffuse distribution pattern of the junctional proteins throughout the SC cytoplasm is visible. As lumen formation advances, the immunolocalization shifts progressively toward the basolateral SC membranes. Additionally, apoptotic germ cells were detected and quantified in prepubertal stallions using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay and correlated with junctional protein localization. In the retained testis of cryptorchid stallions, which exhibit an aberrant testicular morphology, a deviating expression of the junctional proteins is visible. The present data show for the first time that (1) the equine SC junctional complex contains claudin-11, zonula occludens-1, N-Cadherin, and connexin 43, as already described for men or mice, and that (2) different distribution patterns of these proteins exist during testicular development in the context of lumen formation (lumen scores: 1-7) and in retained testes of unilateral cryptorchid stallions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Rode
- Department of Anatomy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - H Sieme
- Unit for Reproductive Medicine, Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - P Richterich
- Tierärztliche Klinik für Pferde auf Boyenstein, Beckum, Germany
| | - R Brehm
- Department of Anatomy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
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Zarzycka M, Chojnacka K, Mruk D, Gorowska E, Hejmej A, Kotula-Balak M, Pardyak L, Bilinska B. Flutamide alters the distribution of c-Src and affects the N-cadherin-β-catenin complex in the seminiferous epithelium of adult rat. Andrology 2015; 3:569-81. [DOI: 10.1111/andr.12028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Zarzycka
- Department of Endocrinology; Institute of Zoology; Jagiellonian University; Krakow Poland
| | - K. Chojnacka
- Department of Endocrinology; Institute of Zoology; Jagiellonian University; Krakow Poland
| | - D.D. Mruk
- Center for Biomedical Research; Population Council; New York City New York USA
| | - E. Gorowska
- Department of Endocrinology; Institute of Zoology; Jagiellonian University; Krakow Poland
| | - A. Hejmej
- Department of Endocrinology; Institute of Zoology; Jagiellonian University; Krakow Poland
| | - M. Kotula-Balak
- Department of Endocrinology; Institute of Zoology; Jagiellonian University; Krakow Poland
| | - L. Pardyak
- Department of Endocrinology; Institute of Zoology; Jagiellonian University; Krakow Poland
| | - B. Bilinska
- Department of Endocrinology; Institute of Zoology; Jagiellonian University; Krakow Poland
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Zhang X, Lui WY. Transforming growth factor-β3 regulates cell junction restructuring via MAPK-mediated mRNA destabilization and Smad-dependent protein degradation of junctional adhesion molecule B (JAM-B). BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2015; 1849:601-11. [PMID: 25817991 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Junctional adhesion molecule-B (JAM-B) is found between Sertoli cells at the blood-testis barrier (BTB) as well as between Sertoli and germ cells at the apical ectoplasmic specializations (ES) in the testis. The expression of JAM-B is tightly regulated to modulate the passage of spermatocytes across the BTB as well as the release of mature spermatozoa from the seminiferous epithelium. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) family is implicated in the regulation of testicular cell junction dynamics during spermatogenesis. This study aims to investigate the effects of TGF-β3 on the expression of JAM-B as well as the underlying mechanisms on how TGF-β3 regulates JAM-B expression to facilitate the disassembly of the BTB and apical ES. Our results revealed that TGF-β3 suppresses JAM-B at post-transcriptional and post-translational levels. Inhibitor, siRNA knockdown and co-immunoprecipitation have shown that TGF-β3 induces JAM-B protein degradation via ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Immunofluorescence staining further confirmed that blockage of ubiquitin-proteasome pathway could abrogate TGF-β3-induced loss of JAM-B at the cell-cell interface. siRNA knockdown and immunofluorescence staining also demonstrated that activation of Smad signaling is required for TGF-β3-induced JAM-B protein degradation. In addition, TGF-β3 reduces JAM-B mRNA levels, at least in part, via post-transcriptional regulation. mRNA stability assay has confirmed that TGF-β3 promotes the degradation of JAM-B transcript and TGF-β3-mediated mRNA destabilization requires the activation of ERK1/2 and p54 JNK signal cascades. Taken together, TGF-β3 significantly downregulates JAM-B expression via post-transcriptional and post-translational modulation and results in the disruption of BTB and apical ES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing-Yee Lui
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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46
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Johnson KJ. Testicular histopathology associated with disruption of the Sertoli cell cytoskeleton. SPERMATOGENESIS 2015; 4:e979106. [PMID: 26413393 DOI: 10.4161/21565562.2014.979106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Testicular histological alterations following Sertoli cell cytoskeleton disruption are numerous. The Sertoli cell cytoskeleton is comprised of intermediate filaments, microtubules, microfilaments and their direct interacting proteins and performs essential functions including structural support of the seminiferous epithelium, apicobasal movement of elongate spermatids, and release of elongate spermatids from the seminiferous epithelium during spermiation. This review summarizes the histological changes occurring after disruption of the Sertoli cell cytoskeleton, including the signature lesion of seminiferous epithelium sloughing. By presenting examples of histological changes after exposure to toxins or toxicants directly affecting the Sertoli cell cytoskeleton or genetic manipulations of this cytoskeleton, the toxicologist observing similar histological changes associated with exposure to novel compounds can use this information to generate hypotheses about a potential mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamin J Johnson
- Toxicology and Environmental Research and Consulting; The Dow Chemical Company ; Midland, MI USA
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Abstract
p70 S6 kinase (p70S6K), a member of the AGC serine/threonine kinase family, was initially identified as a key player, together with its downstream effector S6, in the regulation of cellular growth and survival. The p70S6K protein has emerged in recent years as a multifunctional protein which also regulates the actin cytoskeleton and thus plays a role in cell migration. This new function is through two important activities of p70S6K, namely actin cross-linking and Rac1 and Cdc42 activation. The testis is critically dependent on an intricate balance of fundamental cellular processes such as adhesion, migration, and differentiation. It is increasingly evident that Rho GTPases and actin binding proteins play fundamental roles in regulating spermatogenesis within the testis. In this review, we will discuss current findings of p70S6K in the control of actin cytoskeleton dynamics. In addition, the potential role of p70S6K in spermatogenesis and testicular function will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carman K M Ip
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong, China
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Mruk DD, Cheng CY. Testin and actin are key molecular targets of adjudin, an anti-spermatogenic agent, in the testis. SPERMATOGENESIS 2014; 1:137-146. [PMID: 22319662 DOI: 10.4161/spmg.1.2.16449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Earlier studies have shown adjudin to cause aspermatogenesis by depleting virtually all germ cells from the seminiferous epithelium, leading to transient infertility; spermatogenesis and fertility were re-established several weeks later after germ cell proliferation and differentiation were reinitiated by spermatogonia. While adjudin is known to exert its initial effects at the apical ectoplasmic specialization (a testis-specific atypical anchoring junction), thereby perturbing spermatid adhesion, its molecular target(s) at this site is not known. Herein, we report the production of a specific antibody against adjudin after this compound was conjugated to an adjuvant (i.e., keyhole limpet hemocyanin) to maximize immune response in rabbits. This antibody was utilized for co-immunoprecipitation by using an affinity resin to pull-down the binding partners of adjudin. Using this approach coupled with mass spectrometry and immunoblotting, we show testin (a protein largely restricted to the apical ES in the adult testis) and actin-myosin to be molecular targets of adjudin. These findings provide a platform for future functional studies, not only to better understand the molecular mechanism behind adjudin-induced germ cell loss from the seminiferous epithelium, but also to understand the molecular basis of spermiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores D Mruk
- Center for Biomedical Research; The Population Council; New York, NY USA
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Domke LM, Rickelt S, Dörflinger Y, Kuhn C, Winter-Simanowski S, Zimbelmann R, Rosin-Arbesfeld R, Heid H, Franke WW. The cell-cell junctions of mammalian testes: I. The adhering junctions of the seminiferous epithelium represent special differentiation structures. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 357:645-65. [PMID: 24907851 PMCID: PMC4148596 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1906-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The seminiferous tubules and the excurrent ducts of the mammalian testis are physiologically separated from the mesenchymal tissues and the blood and lymph system by a special structural barrier to paracellular translocations of molecules and particles: the "blood-testis barrier", formed by junctions connecting Sertoli cells with each other and with spermatogonial cells. In combined biochemical as well as light and electron microscopical studies we systematically determine the molecules located in the adhering junctions of adult mammalian (human, bovine, porcine, murine, i.e., rat and mouse) testis. We show that the seminiferous epithelium does not contain desmosomes, or "desmosome-like" junctions, nor any of the desmosome-specific marker molecules and that the adhering junctions of tubules and ductules are fundamentally different. While the ductules contain classical epithelial cell layers with E-cadherin-based adherens junctions (AJs) and typical desmosomes, the Sertoli cells of the tubules lack desmosomes and "desmosome-like" junctions but are connected by morphologically different forms of AJs. These junctions are based on N-cadherin anchored in cytoplasmic plaques, which in some subforms appear thick and dense but in other subforms contain only scarce and loosely arranged plaque structures formed by α- and β-catenin, proteins p120, p0071 and plakoglobin, together with a member of the striatin family and also, in rodents, the proteins ZO-1 and myozap. These N-cadherin-based AJs also include two novel types of junctions: the "areae adhaerentes", i.e., variously-sized, often very large cell-cell contacts and small sieve-plate-like AJs perforated by cytoplasm-to-cytoplasm channels of 5-7 nm internal diameter ("cribelliform junctions"). We emphasize the unique character of this epithelium that totally lacks major epithelial marker molecules and structures such as keratin filaments and desmosomal elements as well as EpCAM- and PERP-containing junctions. We also discuss the nature, development and possible functions of these junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M. Domke
- Helmholtz Group for Cell Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Brandenburg University of Technology, Senftenberg, Germany
- Present Address: Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Steffen Rickelt
- Helmholtz Group for Cell Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yvette Dörflinger
- Helmholtz Group for Cell Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Caecilia Kuhn
- Helmholtz Group for Cell Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Progen Biotechnik GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Winter-Simanowski
- Helmholtz Group for Cell Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ralf Zimbelmann
- Helmholtz Group for Cell Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rina Rosin-Arbesfeld
- Department of Anatomy, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Hans Heid
- Helmholtz Group for Cell Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Werner W. Franke
- Helmholtz Group for Cell Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Progen Biotechnik GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
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Abstract
The transport of germ cells across the seminiferous epithelium is composed of a series of cellular events during the epithelial cycle essential to the completion of spermatogenesis. Without the timely transport of spermatids during spermiogenesis, spermatozoa that are transformed from step 19 spermatids in the rat testis fail to reach the luminal edge of the apical compartment and enter the tubule lumen at spermiation, thereby arriving the epididymis for further maturation. Step 19 spermatids and/or sperms that remain in the epithelium beyond stage VIII of the epithelial cycle will be removed by the Sertoli cell via phagocytosis to form phagosomes and be degraded by lysosomes, leading to subfertility and/or infertility. However, the biology of spermatid transport, in particular the final events that lead to spermiation remain elusive. Based on recent data in the field, we critically evaluate the biology of spermiation herein by focusing on the actin binding proteins (ABPs) that regulate the organization of actin microfilaments at the Sertoli-spermatid interface, which is crucial for spermatid transport during this event. The hypothesis we put forth herein also highlights some specific areas of research that can be pursued by investigators in the years to come.
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