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Zhao Y, Fan S, Zhu H, Zhao Q, Fang Z, Xu D, Lin W, Lin L, Hu X, Wu G, Min J, Liang G. Podocyte OTUD5 alleviates diabetic kidney disease through deubiquitinating TAK1 and reducing podocyte inflammation and injury. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5441. [PMID: 38937512 PMCID: PMC11211476 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49854-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown the crucial role of podocyte injury in the development of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Deubiquitinating modification of proteins is widely involved in the occurrence and development of diseases. Here, we explore the role and regulating mechanism of a deubiquitinating enzyme, OTUD5, in podocyte injury and DKD. RNA-seq analysis indicates a significantly decreased expression of OTUD5 in HG/PA-stimulated podocytes. Podocyte-specific Otud5 knockout exacerbates podocyte injury and DKD in both type 1 and type 2 diabetic mice. Furthermore, AVV9-mediated OTUD5 overexpression in podocytes shows a therapeutic effect against DKD. Mass spectrometry and co-immunoprecipitation experiments reveal an inflammation-regulating protein, TAK1, as the substrate of OTUD5 in podocytes. Mechanistically, OTUD5 deubiquitinates K63-linked TAK1 at the K158 site through its active site C224, which subsequently prevents the phosphorylation of TAK1 and reduces downstream inflammatory responses in podocytes. Our findings show an OTUD5-TAK1 axis in podocyte inflammation and injury and highlight the potential of OTUD5 as a promising therapeutic target for DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Shijie Fan
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Qingqing Zhao
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Zimin Fang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Diyun Xu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Wante Lin
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Liming Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Xiang Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Gaojun Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Julian Min
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Guang Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China.
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China.
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Unger Avila P, Padvitski T, Leote AC, Chen H, Saez-Rodriguez J, Kann M, Beyer A. Gene regulatory networks in disease and ageing. Nat Rev Nephrol 2024:10.1038/s41581-024-00849-7. [PMID: 38867109 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-024-00849-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
The precise control of gene expression is required for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and proper cellular function, and the declining control of gene expression with age is considered a major contributor to age-associated changes in cellular physiology and disease. The coordination of gene expression can be represented through models of the molecular interactions that govern gene expression levels, so-called gene regulatory networks. Gene regulatory networks can represent interactions that occur through signal transduction, those that involve regulatory transcription factors, or statistical models of gene-gene relationships based on the premise that certain sets of genes tend to be coexpressed across a range of conditions and cell types. Advances in experimental and computational technologies have enabled the inference of these networks on an unprecedented scale and at unprecedented precision. Here, we delineate different types of gene regulatory networks and their cell-biological interpretation. We describe methods for inferring such networks from large-scale, multi-omics datasets and present applications that have aided our understanding of cellular ageing and disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Unger Avila
- Cluster of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tsimafei Padvitski
- Cluster of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ana Carolina Leote
- Cluster of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - He Chen
- Cluster of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department II of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Julio Saez-Rodriguez
- Faculty of Medicine and Heidelberg University Hospital, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Kann
- Department II of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Beyer
- Cluster of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- Institute for Genetics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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Fan G, Lu J, Zha J, Guo W, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Zhang L. TAK1 in Vascular Signaling: "Friend or Foe"? J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:3031-3041. [PMID: 38770174 PMCID: PMC11104388 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s458948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of normal vascular function and homeostasis is largely dependent on the signaling mechanisms that occur within and between cells of the vasculature. TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), a multifaceted signaling molecule, has been shown to play critical roles in various tissue types. Although the precise function of TAK1 in the vasculature remains largely unknown, emerging evidence suggests its potential involvement in both physiological and pathological processes. A comprehensive search strategy was employed to identify relevant studies, PubMed, Web of Science, and other relevant databases were systematically searched using keywords related to TAK1, TABs and MAP3K7.In this review, we discussed the role of TAK1 in vascular signaling, with a focus on its function, activation, and related signaling pathways. Specifically, we highlight the TA1-TABs complex is a key factor, regulating vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) involved in the processes of inflammation, vascular proliferation and angiogenesis. This mini review aims to elucidate the evidence supporting TAK1 signaling in the vasculature, in order to better comprehend its beneficial and potential harmful effects upon TAK1 activation in vascular tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Fan
- Department of Urology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518052, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingfen Lu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinhui Zha
- Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiming Guo
- Department of Urology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518052, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yifei Zhang
- The First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- Department of Urology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518052, People’s Republic of China
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Pajoumshariati R, Ewart L, Kujala V, Luc R, Peel S, Corrigan A, Weber H, Nugraha B, Hansen PBL, Williams J. Physiological Replication of the Human Glomerulus Using a Triple Culture Microphysiological System. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2303131. [PMID: 37867234 PMCID: PMC10667800 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The function of the glomerulus depends on the complex cell-cell/matrix interactions and replication of this in vitro would aid biological understanding in both health and disease. Previous models do not fully reflect all cell types and interactions present as they overlook mesangial cells within their 3D matrix. Herein, the development of a microphysiological system that contains all resident renal cell types in an anatomically relevant manner is presented. A detailed transcriptomic analysis of the contributing biology of each cell type, as well as functionally appropriate albumin retention in the system, is demonstrated. The important role of mesangial cells is shown in promoting the health and maturity of the other cell types. Additionally, a comparison of the incremental advances that each individual cell type brings to the phenotype of the others demonstrates that glomerular cells in simple 2D culture exhibit a state more reflective of the dysfunction observed in human disease than previously recognized. This in vitro model will expand the capability to investigate glomerular biology in a more translatable manner by the inclusion of the important mesangial cell compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Pajoumshariati
- Bioscience RenalResearch and Early DevelopmentCardiovascularRenal and Metabolism (CVRM)BioPharmaceuticals R&DAstraZenecaGothenburg431 83Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Samantha Peel
- Functional Genomics, Research and Early DevelopmentDiscovery SciencesBioPharmaceuticals R&DAstraZenecaCambridgeCB21 6GHUK
| | - Adam Corrigan
- Functional Genomics, Research and Early DevelopmentDiscovery SciencesBioPharmaceuticals R&DAstraZenecaCambridgeCB21 6GHUK
| | | | - Bramasta Nugraha
- Bioscience RenalResearch and Early DevelopmentCardiovascularRenal and Metabolism (CVRM)BioPharmaceuticals R&DAstraZenecaGothenburg431 83Sweden
| | - Pernille B. L. Hansen
- Bioscience RenalResearch and Early DevelopmentCardiovascularRenal and Metabolism (CVRM)BioPharmaceuticals R&DAstraZenecaGothenburg431 83Sweden
| | - Julie Williams
- Bioscience RenalResearch and Early DevelopmentCardiovascularRenal and Metabolism (CVRM)BioPharmaceuticals R&DAstraZenecaGothenburg431 83Sweden
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Guo W, Li H, Li Y, Kong W. Renal intrinsic cells remodeling in diabetic kidney disease and the regulatory effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115025. [PMID: 37385209 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a prevalent complication of diabetes and a major secondary factor leading to end-stage renal disease. The kidney, a vital organ, is composed of a heterogeneous group of intrinsic cells, including glomerular endothelial cells, podocytes, mesangial cells, tubular epithelial cells, and interstitial fibroblasts. In the context of DKD, hyperglycemia elicits direct or indirect injury to these intrinsic cells, leading to their structural and functional changes, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, and transdifferentiation. The dynamic remodeling of intrinsic cells represents an adaptive response to stimulus during the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease. However, the persistent stimulus may trigger an irreversible remodeling, leading to fibrosis and functional deterioration of the kidney. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, a new class of hypoglycemic drugs, exhibit efficacy in reducing blood glucose levels by curtailing renal tubular glucose reabsorption. Furthermore, SGLT2 inhibitors have been shown to modulate intrinsic cell remodeling in the kidney, ameliorate kidney structure and function, and decelerate DKD progression. This review will elaborate on the intrinsic cell remodeling in DKD and the underlying mechanism of SGLT2 inhibitors in modulating it from the perspective of the renal intrinsic cell, providing insights into the pathogenesis of DKD and the renal protective action of SGLT2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China; Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Clinical Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Abnormalities and Vascular Aging, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China; Hubei Branch of National Center for Clinical Medical Research of Metabolic Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Han Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China; Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Clinical Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Abnormalities and Vascular Aging, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China; Hubei Branch of National Center for Clinical Medical Research of Metabolic Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Yixuan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China; Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Clinical Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Abnormalities and Vascular Aging, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China; Hubei Branch of National Center for Clinical Medical Research of Metabolic Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Wen Kong
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China; Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Clinical Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Abnormalities and Vascular Aging, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China; Hubei Branch of National Center for Clinical Medical Research of Metabolic Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China.
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Fu H, Chu D, Geng X. Downregulation of miR-17 suppresses TGF-β1-mediated renal fibrosis through targeting Smad7. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:3051-3064. [PMID: 33797702 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04140-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
MiR-17 is found upregulated in diabetic mice; however, its effect(s) on renal fibrosis of diabetic nephropathy remain(s) unknown. This study aimed to explore the mechanism underlying the downregulation of miR-17 in renal fibrosis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and DN and normal healthy individual controls, mice (db/db, db/m), and human mesangial cells (HMCs) and human proximal tubule epithelial cells (HK-2) were used as research subjects in the study. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to measure the expression of miR-17 in the serum samples, renal tissues and cells. Acid-Schiff (PAS) and Masson staining experiments were performed to detect glomerular mesangial matrix and collagen deposition. Levels of fibrosis-related proteins (E-Cadherin (E-cad), vimentin, fibronectin and collagen I) were measured by Western blot (WB). The target gene of miR-17 was predicted by TargetScan 7.2 and confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter analysis. The study found that miR-17 expression was elevated in the serums of DN patients as well as in the serums and kidney tissues of db/db mice. db/db mice showed a severe renal fibrosis condition. The levels of E-cad in db/db mice, HMC and HK-2 cells were increased by downregulating miR-17 expression, while expressions of vimentin, fibronectin and collagen I were reduced. Smad7 was predicted to be the target gene of miR-17, and its expression was promoted by downregulation of miR-17. Moreover, the reduced Smad7 expression could inhibit the expressions of fibrosis-related proteins, which, however, can be ameliorated by the downregulation of miR-17. In addition, downregulation of miR-17 could suppress renal fibrosis mediated by TGF-β1 through targeting Smad7, which might be a clinical therapeutic target for patients with DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Fu
- Department of Nephrology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, No.5, Middle Donghai Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Debo Chu
- Department of Nephrology, Qingdao Haici Med Ctr, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiuli Geng
- Department of Emergency, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Earlier works of the glomerulogenesis described morphological steps and protein expression during in-vivo and in-vitro kidney development. Recent technologies using cell-specific or conditional knock-out mice for several factors provide important knowledge about cross-talk signaling among resident cells as local events. Based on the recent advancement, this review revisits comprehensive morphological development of the glomerulus. RECENT FINDINGS Interactions of presumptive podocyte vascular endothelial growth factor with vascular endothelial growth factor-2 on angioblasts initiate glomerular vascularization. In induced pluripotent stem cells or organoid-derived nephron formation, the lack of endothelium and mesangial cells under differentiated podocytes suggests the presence of another unknown mechanism for glomerular neovascularization. Mesangial cell migration is prerequisite for glomerular looping by interaction of endothelial platelet-derived grothe factor beta and mesangial platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta and requires the coreceptor neuropilin1. Development of the filtration barrier is promoted by cross-talk among resident cells and may need shear stress. The components of the glomerular basement membrane change during glomerulogenesis, and endothelium and podocytes produce laminin and type IV collagen α1 and α2, whereas type IV collagen α3, α4, α5 is derived only from podocytes. SUMMARY Glomerulogenesis progresses by dynamic cellular migration/differentiation induced by cross-talk signaling in resident cells. Glomerular vasculogenesis and subsequent capillary development provide insight into glomerular regeneration and remodeling for medical application.
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Karolak MJ, Guay JA, Oxburgh L. Inactivation of MAP3K7 in FOXD1-expressing cells results in loss of mesangial PDGFRΒ and juvenile kidney scarring. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 315:F336-F344. [PMID: 29667914 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00493.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) plays a central role in renal scarring, controlling extracellular matrix deposition by interstitial cells and mesangial cells. TGFβ signals through Smad and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. To understand the role of MAPK in interstitial and mesangial cells, we genetically inactivated TGFβ-activated kinase-1 ( Map3k7) using Foxd1+/cre. Embryonic kidney development was unperturbed in mutants, but spontaneous scarring of the kidney ensued during the first postnatal week, with retention of embryonic nephrogenic rests and accumulation of collagen IV in the mesangium. MAPK signaling in the mesangium of mutant mice was skewed, with depressed p38 but elevated c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) activation at postnatal day 3. Despite normal expression of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β (PDGFRβ) in the mesangium of mutants at birth, expression was lost concomitantly with the increase in JNK activation, and studies in isolated mesangial cells revealed that JNK negatively regulates Pdgfrβ. In summary, we show that MAP3K7 balances MAPK signaling in mesangial cells, suppressing postnatal JNK activation. We propose that the balance of MAPK signaling is essential for appropriate postnatal regulation of mesangial PDGFRβ expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele J Karolak
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine
| | - Justin A Guay
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine
| | - Leif Oxburgh
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine
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Amarante MK, de Oliveira CEC, Ariza CB, Sakaguchi AY, Ishibashi CM, Watanabe MAE. The predictive value of transforming growth factor-β in Wilms tumor immunopathogenesis. Int Rev Immunol 2017; 36:233-239. [PMID: 28481647 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2017.1291639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Wilms tumor is the most common kidney malignancy in children, especially in children aged less than 6 years. Although therapeutic approach has reached successful rates, there is still room for improvement. Considering the tumor microenvironment, cytokines represent important elements of interaction and communication between tumor cells, stroma, and immune cells. In this regard, the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) family members play significant functions in physiological and pathological conditions, particularly in cancer. By regulating cell growth, death, and immortalization, TGF-β signaling pathways exert tumor suppressor effects in normal and early tumor cells. Thus, it is not surprising that a high number of human tumors arise due to alterations in genes coding for various TGF-β signaling components. Understanding the ambiguous role of TGF-β in human cancer is of paramount importance for the development of new therapeutic strategies to specifically block the metastatic signaling pathway of TGF-β without affecting its tumor suppressive effect. In this context, this review attempt to summarize the involvement of TGF-β in Wilms tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marla Karine Amarante
- a Laboratory of Study and Application of DNA Polymorphisms, Department of Pathological Sciences , Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina , Londrina-Paraná , Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Coral de Oliveira
- a Laboratory of Study and Application of DNA Polymorphisms, Department of Pathological Sciences , Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina , Londrina-Paraná , Brazil
| | - Carolina Batista Ariza
- a Laboratory of Study and Application of DNA Polymorphisms, Department of Pathological Sciences , Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina , Londrina-Paraná , Brazil
| | - Alberto Yoichi Sakaguchi
- a Laboratory of Study and Application of DNA Polymorphisms, Department of Pathological Sciences , Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina , Londrina-Paraná , Brazil
| | - Cintya Mayumi Ishibashi
- a Laboratory of Study and Application of DNA Polymorphisms, Department of Pathological Sciences , Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina , Londrina-Paraná , Brazil
| | - Maria Angelica Ehara Watanabe
- a Laboratory of Study and Application of DNA Polymorphisms, Department of Pathological Sciences , Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina , Londrina-Paraná , Brazil
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Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved, physiological, catabolic process, involving the lysosomal degradation of cytosolic components, including macromolecules (such as proteins and lipids) and cytosolic organelles. Autophagy is believed to be essential for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis, for a number of fundamental biological activities, and an important component of the complex response of cells to multiple forms of stress. Autophagy is involved in the pathogenesis of a number of clinically important disorders but, until recently, little was known about its connection to kidney diseases. However, there is now growing evidence that autophagy is specifically linked to the pathogenesis of important renal diseases such as acute kidney injury, diabetic nephropathy and polycystic kidney disease. However, an understanding of the precise role of autophagy in the course of kidney diseases is still in its infancy. The review points out areas of particular interest for future research, and also discusses the importance of such information on whether the pharmacologic agents that modulate autophagy are potentially usable as novel forms of treatment for various kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Pallet
- Inserm U1147, Université Paris Descartes, 45, rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France
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11
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Abstract
Purpose of review Glomerular filtration occurs in specialized, microscopic organelles. Each glomerulus contains unique cells and these cooperate to maintain normal filtration. Phenomenal adaptation is required for the glomerulus to respond to variable mechanical loads and this adaptation requires efficient communication between the resident cells. This review will focus on the latest discoveries related to signalling events that mediate the crosstalk between glomerular cells, and detail how disease processes can influence normal regulation. Recent findings New data indicate that the crosstalk between glomerular cells involves an increasing number of secreted signalling ligands that act in an autocrine or paracrine fashion. Furthermore, extended roles for some of the classical signalling molecules have been described and there is emerging evidence of therapeutic strategies to manipulate cellular crosstalk. The glomerular extracellular matrix harbours many of these signalling ligands, acting as a reservoir and presenting ligands to cell surface receptors. Signals can also be transferred between cells by extracellular vesicles and this is an emerging concept in cellular crosstalk. Summary Recent discoveries are building our understanding about glomerular cell crosstalk, and this review focuses on growth factors and signalling peptides, methods of delivery to target cells, and the potential for developing new therapies for glomerular disease.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The glomerulus is a unique structure required for filtration of blood, while retaining plasma proteins based on size and charge selectivity. Distinct cell types form the structural unit that creates the filtration barrier. Structurally, fenestrated endothelial cells line the capillary loops and lie in close contact with mesangial cells. Podocytes are connected by specialized intercellular junctions known as slit diaphragms and separated from the endothelial compartment by the glomerular basement membrane. In order for this highly specialized structure to function, cross-communication between these cells must occur. RECENT FINDINGS Although classical studies have established key roles for vascular endothelial and platelet-derived growth factors in glomerular cross-communication, novel paracrine signaling pathways within the glomerulus have recently been identified. In addition, unique cellular pathways of established signaling cascades have been identified that are important for maintaining glomerular barrier function in health and disease. SUMMARY Here, we will review our current understanding of the processes of cross-communication between the unique cellular constituents forming the glomerular filtration unit. We will highlight recent findings of cellular crosstalk via signaling pathways that regulate glomerular barrier function in pathophysiological conditions.
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Albertoni Borghese MF, Ortiz MC, Balonga S, Moreira Szokalo R, Majowicz MP. The Role of Endothelin System in Renal Structure and Function during the Postnatal Development of the Rat Kidney. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148866. [PMID: 26872270 PMCID: PMC4752218 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal development in rodents, unlike in humans, continues during early postnatal period. We aimed to evaluate whether the pharmacological inhibition of Endothelin system during this period affects renal development, both at structural and functional level in male and female rats. Newborn rats were treated orally from postnatal day 1 to 20 with vehicle or bosentan (Actelion, 20 mg/kg/day), a dual endothelin receptor antagonist (ERA). The animals were divided in 4 groups: control males, control females, ERA males and ERA females. At day 21, we evaluated renal function, determined the glomerular number by a maceration method and by morphometric analysis and evaluated possible structural renal alterations by three methods: 〈alpha〉-Smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) immunohistochemistry, Masson's trichrome and Sirius red staining. The pharmacological inhibition of Endothelin system with a dual ERA during the early postnatal period of the rat did not leads to renal damage in the kidneys of male and female rats. However, ERA administration decreased the number of glomeruli, the juxtamedullary filtration surface area and the glomerular filtration rate and increased the proteinuria. These effects could predispose to hypertension or renal diseases in the adulthood. On the other hand, these effects were more pronounced in male rats, suggesting that there are sex differences that could be greater later in life. These results provide evidence that Endothelin has an important role in rat renal postnatal development. However these results do not imply that the same could happen in humans, since human renal development is complete at birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- María F. Albertoni Borghese
- Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María C. Ortiz
- Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sabrina Balonga
- Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rocío Moreira Szokalo
- Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mónica P. Majowicz
- Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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14
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Sureshbabu A, Muhsin SA, Choi ME. TGF-β signaling in the kidney: profibrotic and protective effects. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 310:F596-F606. [PMID: 26739888 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00365.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is generally considered as a central mediator of fibrotic diseases. Indeed, much focus has been placed on inhibiting TGF-β and its downstream targets as ideal therapeutic strategies. However, pharmacological blockade of TGF-β has not yet translated into successful therapy for humans, which may be due to pleiotropic effects of TGF-β signaling. Equally, TGF-β signaling as a protective response in kidney injury has been relatively underexplored. An emerging body of evidence from experimental kidney disease models indicates multifunctionality of TGF-β capable of inducing profibrotic and protective effects. This review discusses recent advances highlighting the diverse roles of TGF-β in promoting not only renal fibrosis but also protective responses of TGF-β signaling. We review, in particular, growing evidence that supports protective effects of TGF-β by mechanisms which include inhibiting inflammation and induction of autophagy. Additional detailed studies are required to fully understand the diverse mechanisms of TGF-β actions in renal fibrosis and inflammation that will likely direct toward effective antifibrotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angara Sureshbabu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York; and
| | - Saif A Muhsin
- New York-Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Mary E Choi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York; and .,New York-Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York
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15
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Lee SY, Kim SI, Choi ME. Therapeutic targets for treating fibrotic kidney diseases. Transl Res 2015; 165:512-30. [PMID: 25176603 PMCID: PMC4326607 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is the hallmark of virtually all progressive kidney diseases and strongly correlates with the deterioration of kidney function. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade is central to the current treatment of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) for the renoprotective effects aimed to prevent or slow progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). However, the incidence of CKD is still increasing, and there is a critical need for new therapeutics. Here, we review novel strategies targeting various components implicated in the fibrogenic pathway to inhibit or retard the loss of kidney function. We focus, in particular, on antifibrotic approaches that target transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, a key mediator of kidney fibrosis, and exciting new data on the role of autophagy. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-7 and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) are highlighted as modulators of profibrotic TGF-β activity. BMP-7 has a protective role against TGF-β1 in kidney fibrosis, whereas CTGF enhances TGF-β-mediated fibrosis. We also discuss recent advances in the development of additional strategies for antifibrotic therapy. These include strategies targeting chemokine pathways via CC chemokine receptors 1 and 2 to modulate the inflammatory response, inhibition of phosphodiesterase to restore nitric oxide-cyclic 3',5'-guanosine monophosphate function, inhibition of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 1 and 4 to suppress reactive oxygen species production, and inhibition of endothelin 1 or tumor necrosis factor α to ameliorate progressive renal fibrosis. Furthermore, a brief overview of some of the biomarkers of kidney fibrosis is currently being explored that may improve the ability to monitor antifibrotic therapies. It is hoped that evidence based on the preclinical and clinical data discussed in this review leads to novel antifibrotic therapies effective in patients with CKD to prevent or delay progression to ESRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Young Lee
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Department of Internal Medicine, Bundang CHA Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Sung I Kim
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Mary E Choi
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY.
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16
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Lin J, Shi Y, Peng H, Shen X, Thomas S, Wang Y, Truong LD, Dryer SE, Hu Z, Xu J. Loss of PTEN promotes podocyte cytoskeletal rearrangement, aggravating diabetic nephropathy. J Pathol 2015; 236:30-40. [PMID: 25641678 DOI: 10.1002/path.4508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In diabetic nephropathy (DN), podocyte cytoskeletal rearrangement occurs followed by podocyte effacement and the development of proteinuria. PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue) is a ubiquitously expressed phosphatase that plays a critical role in cell proliferation, cytoskeletal rearrangement, and motility. In mouse models of diabetes mellitus, PTEN expression is reportedly decreased in mesangial cells, contributing to expansion of the mesangial matrix, but how PTEN in the podocyte influences the development of DN is unknown. We observed that PTEN expression is down-regulated in the podocytes of diabetic db/db mice and patients with DN. In cultured podocytes, PTEN inhibition caused actin cytoskeletal rearrangement and this response was associated with unbalanced activation of the small GTPases Rac1/Cdc42 and RhoA. In mice treated with PTEN inhibitor, actin cytoskeletal rearrangement occurred in podocytes and was accompanied by increased albumin excretion. We also created mice with an inducible deletion of PTEN selectively in podocytes. These mice exhibited increased albumin excretion and moderate foot process effacement. When the mice were challenged with a high fat diet, podocyte-specific knockout of PTEN resulted in substantially increased proteinuria and glomeruloclerosis compared to control mice fed a high fat diet or mice with PTEN deletion fed a normal diet. These results indicate that PTEN is involved in the regulation of cytoskeletal rearrangement in podocytes and that loss of PTEN predisposes to the development of proteinuria and DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Lin
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Shi
- Nephrology Division, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hui Peng
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xiaojie Shen
- Renal Sections, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Sandhya Thomas
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yanlin Wang
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Luan D Truong
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Stuart E Dryer
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Departments of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Zhaoyong Hu
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Nephrology Division, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Renal Sections, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China
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17
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Glomerular development--shaping the multi-cellular filtration unit. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2014; 36:39-49. [PMID: 25153928 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The glomerulus represents a highly structured filtration unit, composed of glomerular endothelial cells, mesangial cells, podocytes and parietal epithelial cells. During glomerulogenesis an intricate network of signaling pathways involving transcription factors, secreted factors and cell-cell communication is required to guarantee accurate evolvement of a functional, complex 3-dimensional glomerular architecture. Here, we want to provide an overview on the critical steps and relevant signaling cascades of glomerular development.
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