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Okumura T, Raja Xavier JP, Pasternak J, Yang Z, Hang C, Nosirov B, Singh Y, Admard J, Brucker SY, Kommoss S, Takeda S, Staebler A, Lang F, Salker MS. Rel Family Transcription Factor NFAT5 Upregulates COX2 via HIF-1α Activity in Ishikawa and HEC1a Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3666. [PMID: 38612478 PMCID: PMC11012216 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 (NFAT5) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2; PTGS2) both participate in diverse pathologies including cancer progression. However, the biological role of the NFAT5-COX2 signaling pathway in human endometrial cancer has remained elusive. The present study explored whether NFAT5 is expressed in endometrial tumors and if NFAT5 participates in cancer progression. To gain insights into the underlying mechanisms, NFAT5 protein abundance in endometrial cancer tissue was visualized by immunohistochemistry and endometrial cancer cells (Ishikawa and HEC1a) were transfected with NFAT5 or with an empty plasmid. As a result, NFAT5 expression is more abundant in high-grade than in low-grade endometrial cancer tissue. RNA sequencing analysis of NFAT5 overexpression in Ishikawa cells upregulated 37 genes and downregulated 20 genes. Genes affected included cyclooxygenase 2 and hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF1A). NFAT5 transfection and/or treatment with HIF-1α stabilizer exerted a strong stimulating effect on HIF-1α promoter activity as well as COX2 expression level and prostaglandin E2 receptor (PGE2) levels. Our findings suggest that activation of NFAT5-HIF-1α-COX2 axis could promote endometrial cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Okumura
- Department of Women’s Health, Tübingen University Hospital, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (T.O.); (J.P.R.X.); (J.P.); (C.H.); (Y.S.); (S.Y.B.); (S.K.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan;
| | - Janet P. Raja Xavier
- Department of Women’s Health, Tübingen University Hospital, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (T.O.); (J.P.R.X.); (J.P.); (C.H.); (Y.S.); (S.Y.B.); (S.K.)
| | - Jana Pasternak
- Department of Women’s Health, Tübingen University Hospital, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (T.O.); (J.P.R.X.); (J.P.); (C.H.); (Y.S.); (S.Y.B.); (S.K.)
| | - Zhiqi Yang
- Department of Women’s Health, Tübingen University Hospital, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (T.O.); (J.P.R.X.); (J.P.); (C.H.); (Y.S.); (S.Y.B.); (S.K.)
| | - Cao Hang
- Department of Women’s Health, Tübingen University Hospital, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (T.O.); (J.P.R.X.); (J.P.); (C.H.); (Y.S.); (S.Y.B.); (S.K.)
| | - Bakhtiyor Nosirov
- Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1210 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Yogesh Singh
- Department of Women’s Health, Tübingen University Hospital, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (T.O.); (J.P.R.X.); (J.P.); (C.H.); (Y.S.); (S.Y.B.); (S.K.)
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, Eberhard Karls University, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Jakob Admard
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, Eberhard Karls University, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Sara Y. Brucker
- Department of Women’s Health, Tübingen University Hospital, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (T.O.); (J.P.R.X.); (J.P.); (C.H.); (Y.S.); (S.Y.B.); (S.K.)
| | - Stefan Kommoss
- Department of Women’s Health, Tübingen University Hospital, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (T.O.); (J.P.R.X.); (J.P.); (C.H.); (Y.S.); (S.Y.B.); (S.K.)
| | - Satoru Takeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan;
| | - Annette Staebler
- Institute of Pathology, Eberhard Karls University, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Florian Lang
- Institute of Physiology, Eberhard Karls University, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Madhuri S. Salker
- Department of Women’s Health, Tübingen University Hospital, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (T.O.); (J.P.R.X.); (J.P.); (C.H.); (Y.S.); (S.Y.B.); (S.K.)
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Wang X, Wang Z, He J. Similarities and Differences of Vascular Calcification in Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:165-192. [PMID: 38222032 PMCID: PMC10788067 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s438618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Presently, the mechanism of occurrence and development of vascular calcification (VC) is not fully understood; a range of evidence suggests a positive association between diabetes mellitus (DM) and VC. Furthermore, the increasing burden of central vascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) may be due, at least in part, to VC. In this review, we will review recent advances in the mechanisms of VC in the context of CKD and diabetes. The study further unveiled that VC is induced through the stimulation of pro-inflammatory factors, which in turn impairs endothelial function and triggers similar mechanisms in both disease contexts. Notably, hyperglycemia was identified as the distinctive mechanism driving calcification in DM. Conversely, in CKD, calcification is facilitated by mechanisms including mineral metabolism imbalance and the presence of uremic toxins. Additionally, we underscore the significance of investigating vascular alterations and newly identified molecular pathways as potential avenues for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiabo Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongqun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianqiang He
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, People’s Republic of China
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Ma J, Li Y, Yang X, Liu K, Zhang X, Zuo X, Ye R, Wang Z, Shi R, Meng Q, Chen X. Signaling pathways in vascular function and hypertension: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:168. [PMID: 37080965 PMCID: PMC10119183 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01430-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a global public health issue and the leading cause of premature death in humans. Despite more than a century of research, hypertension remains difficult to cure due to its complex mechanisms involving multiple interactive factors and our limited understanding of it. Hypertension is a condition that is named after its clinical features. Vascular function is a factor that affects blood pressure directly, and it is a main strategy for clinically controlling BP to regulate constriction/relaxation function of blood vessels. Vascular elasticity, caliber, and reactivity are all characteristic indicators reflecting vascular function. Blood vessels are composed of three distinct layers, out of which the endothelial cells in intima and the smooth muscle cells in media are the main performers of vascular function. The alterations in signaling pathways in these cells are the key molecular mechanisms underlying vascular dysfunction and hypertension development. In this manuscript, we will comprehensively review the signaling pathways involved in vascular function regulation and hypertension progression, including calcium pathway, NO-NOsGC-cGMP pathway, various vascular remodeling pathways and some important upstream pathways such as renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, oxidative stress-related signaling pathway, immunity/inflammation pathway, etc. Meanwhile, we will also summarize the treatment methods of hypertension that targets vascular function regulation and discuss the possibility of these signaling pathways being applied to clinical work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ma
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Li
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyu Yang
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianghao Zuo
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Runyu Ye
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqiong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Rufeng Shi
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingtao Meng
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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Amitani H, Chiba S, Amitani M, Michihara S, Takemoto R, Han L, Fujita N, Takahashi R, Inui A. Impact of Ninjin’yoeito on frailty and short life in klotho-hypomorphic (kl/kl) mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:973897. [DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.973897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With the recent aging of society, the prevention of frailty has become an important issue because people desire both a long and healthy lifespan. Klotho-hypomorphic (kl/kl) mice are known to show phenotypes of premature aging. Ninjin’yoeito (NYT) is a traditional Japanese Kampo medicine used to treat patients with vulnerable constitution, fatigue or physical exhaustion caused by aging and illness. Recent studies have reported the potential efficacy of NYT against frailty. We therefore evaluated the effect of NYT on the gait function, activity, the histopathological status of organs and survival using kl/kl mice as a model of aging-related frailty. Two sets of 28-day-old male kl/kl mice were assigned to the vehicle (non-treated; NT), 3% or 5% NYT dietary groups. One set of groups (NT, n = 18; 3% NYT, n = 11; 5% NYT, n = 11) was subjected to the analysis of free walking, rotarod, and spontaneous activity tests at approximately 58 days old. Thereafter, we measured triceps surae muscles weight and myofiber cross-sectional area (CSA), and quantified its telomere content. In addition, we evaluated bone strength and performed histopathological examinations of organs. Survival was measured in the second set of groups (NT, 3% NYT and 5% NYT group, n = 8 each). In the walking test, several indicators such as gait velocity were improved in the NYT 3% group. Similar results were obtained for the latency to fall in the rotarod test and spontaneous motor activity. Triceps muscle mass, CSA and its telomere content were significantly improved in the NYT 3% group. Bone density, pulmonary alveolus destruction and testicular atrophy were also significantly improved in the NYT 3% group. Survival rate and body weight were both significantly improved in the NYT3% group compared with those in the NT group. Continuous administration of NYT from the early stage of aging improved not only gait performance, but also the survival in the aging-related frailty model. This effect may be associated with the improvements in aging-related organ changes such as muscle atrophy. Intervention with NYT against the progression of frailty may contribute to a longer, healthier life span among the elderly individuals.
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Hu SM, Bai YJ, Li YM, Tao Y, Wang XD, Lin T, Wang LL, Shi YY. Cholecalciferol supplementation effectively improved tertiary hyperparathyroidism, FGF23 resistance and lowered coronary calcification score: a prospective study. Endocr Connect 2022; 11:e220123. [PMID: 35904219 PMCID: PMC9346334 DOI: 10.1530/ec-22-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Tertiary hyperparathyroidism (THPT) and vitamin D deficiency are commonly seen in kidney transplant recipients, which may result in persistently elevated fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) level after transplantation and decreased graft survival. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on THPT, FGF23-alpha Klotho (KLA) axis and cardiovascular complications after transplantation. Materials and methods Two hundred nine kidney transplant recipients were included and further divided into treated and untreated groups depending on whether they received vitamin D supplementation. We tracked the state of THPT, bone metabolism and FGF23-KLA axis within 12 months posttransplant and explored the predictors and risk factors for intact FGF23 levels, KLA levels, THPT and cardiovascular complications in recipients. Results Vitamin D supplementation significantly improved FGF23 resistance, THPT and high bone turnover status, preserved better graft function and prevented coronary calcification in the treated group compared to the untreated group at month 12. The absence of vitamin D supplementation was an independent risk factor for THPT and a predictor for intact FGF23 and KLA levels at month 12. Age and vitamin D deficiency were independent risk factors for coronary calcification in recipients at month 12. Conclusion Vitamin D supplementation effectively improved THPT, FGF23 resistance and bone metabolism, preserved graft function and prevented coronary calcification after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Meng Hu
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang-Juan Bai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine/Research Centre of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ya-Mei Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine/Research Centre of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ye Tao
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xian-Ding Wang
- Department of Urology/Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Lin
- Department of Urology/Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lan-Lan Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine/Research Centre of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yun-Ying Shi
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Chakrabarti M, Bhattacharya A, Gebere MG, Johnson J, Ayub ZA, Chatzistamou I, Vyavahare NR, Azhar M. Increased TGFβ1 and SMAD3 Contribute to Age-Related Aortic Valve Calcification. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:770065. [PMID: 35928937 PMCID: PMC9343688 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.770065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is a progressive heart disease that is particularly prevalent in elderly patients. The current treatment of CAVD is surgical valve replacement, but this is not a permanent solution, and it is very challenging for elderly patients. Thus, a pharmacological intervention for CAVD may be beneficial. In this study, we intended to rescue aortic valve (AV) calcification through inhibition of TGFβ1 and SMAD3 signaling pathways. Methods and Results The klotho gene, which was discovered as an aging-suppressor gene, has been observed to play a crucial role in AV calcification. The klotho knockout (Kl–/–) mice have shorter life span (8–12 weeks) and develop severe AV calcification. Here, we showed that increased TGFβ1 and TGFβ-dependent SMAD3 signaling were associated with AV calcification in Kl–/– mice. Next, we generated Tgfb1- and Smad3-haploinsufficient Kl–/– mice to determine the contribution of TGFβ1 and SMAD3 to the AV calcification in Kl–/– mice. The histological and morphometric evaluation suggested a significant reduction of AV calcification in Kl–/–; Tgfb1± mice compared to Kl–/– mice. Smad3 heterozygous deletion was observed to be more potent in reducing AV calcification in Kl–/– mice compared to the Kl–/–; Tgfb1± mice. We observed significant inhibition of Tgfb1, Pai1, Bmp2, Alk2, Spp1, and Runx2 mRNA expression in Kl–/–; Tgfb1± and Kl–/–; Smad3± mice compared to Kl–/– mice. Western blot analysis confirmed that the inhibition of TGFβ canonical and non-canonical signaling pathways were associated with the rescue of AV calcification of both Kl–/–; Tgfb1± and Kl–/–; Smad3± mice. Conclusion Overall, inhibition of the TGFβ1-dependent SMAD3 signaling pathway significantly blocks the development of AV calcification in Kl–/– mice. This information is useful in understanding the signaling mechanisms involved in CAVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinmay Chakrabarti
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Aniket Bhattacharya
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Child Health Institute of New Jersey Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Mengistu G. Gebere
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - John Johnson
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Zeeshan A. Ayub
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Ioulia Chatzistamou
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | | | - Mohamad Azhar
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
- William Jennings Bryan Dorn VA Medical Center, Columbia, SC, United States
- *Correspondence: Mohamad Azhar,
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Alkali therapy protects renal function, suppresses inflammation, and improves cellular metabolism in kidney disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:557-577. [PMID: 35389462 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects about 10-13 % of the population worldwide and halting its progression is a major clinical challenge. Metabolic acidosis is both a consequence and a possible driver of CKD progression. Alkali therapy counteracts these effects in CKD patients, but underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here we show that bicarbonate supplementation protected renal function in a murine CKD model induced by an oxalate-rich diet. Alkali therapy had no effect on the aldosterone-endothelin axis but promoted levels of the anti-aging protein klotho; moreover, it suppressed adhesion molecules required for immune cell invasion along with reducing T helper cell and inflammatory monocyte invasion. Comparing transcriptomes from the murine crystallopathy model and from human biopsies of kidney transplant recipients suffering from acidosis with or without alkali therapy unveils parallel transcriptome responses mainly associated with lipid metabolism and oxidoreductase activity. Our data reveal novel pathways associated with acidosis in kidney disease and sensitive to alkali therapy and identifies potential targets through which alkali therapy may act on CKD and that may be amenable for more targeted therapies.
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Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomal microRNA-381-3p alleviates vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease by targeting NFAT5. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:278. [PMID: 35351860 PMCID: PMC8964813 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04703-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is a significant complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cellular apoptosis is one of the intricate mechanisms of VC. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome (BMSC-Exo) alleviates VC, but the mechanism remains unclear. We investigated the mechanism of BMSC-Exo using high phosphate stimulated Human aortic smooth muscle cells (HA-VSMCs) and 5/6 subtotal nephrectomy (SNx) rat models. We demonstrated that the effect of BMSC-Exo on the inhibition of cellular apoptosis and calcification partially depended on exosomal microRNA-381-3p (miR-381-3p) both in vivo and in vitro, and confirmed that miR-381-3p could inhibit Nuclear Factor of Activated T cells 5 (NFAT5) expression by directly binding to its 3′ untranslated region. Additionally, we found that severe calcification of arteries in dialysis patients was associated with decreased miR-381-3p and increased NFAT5 expression levels. Collectively, our findings proved that BMSC-Exo plays anti-calcification and anti-apoptosis roles in CKD by delivering enclosed miR-381-3p, which directly targets NFAT5 mRNA, and leads to a better understanding of the mechanism of CKD-VC. ![]()
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Oral Acid Load Down-Regulates Fibroblast Growth Factor 23. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14051041. [PMID: 35268016 PMCID: PMC8912769 DOI: 10.3390/nu14051041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased dietary acid load has a negative impact on health, particularly when renal function is compromised. Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is a bone-derived hormone that is elevated during renal failure. The relationship between metabolic acidosis and FGF23 remains unclear. To investigate the effect of dietary acid load on circulating levels of FGF23, rats with normal renal function and with a graded reduction in renal mass (1/2 Nx and 5/6 Nx) received oral NH4Cl for 1 month. Acid intake resulted in a consistent decrease of plasma FGF23 concentrations in all study groups when compared with their non-acidotic control: 239.3 ± 13.5 vs. 295.0 ± 15.8 pg/mL (intact), 346.4 ± 19.7 vs. 522.6 ± 29.3 pg/mL (1/2 Nx) and 988.0 ± 125.5 vs. 2549.4 ± 469.7 pg/mL (5/6 Nx). Acidosis also decreased plasma PTH in all groups, 96.5 ± 22.3 vs. 107.3 ± 19.1 pg/mL, 113.1 ± 17.3 vs. 185.8 ± 22.2 pg/mL and 504.9 ± 75.7 vs. 1255.4 ± 181.1 pg/mL. FGF23 showed a strong positive correlation with PTH (r = 0.877, p < 0.0001) and further studies demonstrated that acidosis did not influence plasma FGF23 concentrations in parathyroidectomized rats, 190.0 ± 31.6 vs. 215 ± 25.6 pg/mL. In conclusion, plasma concentrations of FGF23 are consistently decreased in rats with metabolic acidosis secondary to increased acid intake, both in animals with intact renal function and with decreased renal function. The in vivo effect of metabolic acidosis on FGF23 appears to be related to the simultaneous decrease in PTH.
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CRACking the Molecular Regulatory Mechanism of SOCE during Platelet Activation in Thrombo-Occlusive Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040619. [PMID: 35203269 PMCID: PMC8870035 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombo-occlusive diseases such as myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke and deep vein thrombosis with subsequent pulmonary embolism still represent a major health burden worldwide. Besides the cells of the vasculature or other hematopoietic cells, platelets are primarily responsible for the development and progression of an occluding thrombus. The activation and function of platelets crucially depend on free cytosolic calcium (Ca2+) as second messenger, which modulates platelet secretion, aggregation and thrombus formation. Ca2+ is elevated upon platelet activation by release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores thus triggering of the subsequent store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), which is facilitated by Ca2+ release-activated channels (CRACs). In general, CRACs are assembled by the pore-forming unit Orai in the plasma membrane and the Ca2+-sensing stromal interaction molecule (STIM) in the endoplasmic reticulum after the depletion of internal Ca2+ stores. In the last few years, there is a growing body of the literature demonstrating the importance of STIM and Orai-mediated mechanism in thrombo-occlusive disorders. Thus, this review provides an overview of the recent understanding of STIM and Orai signaling in platelet function and its implication in the development and progression of ischemic thrombo-occlusive disorders. Moreover, potential pharmacological implications of STIM and Orai signaling in platelets are anticipated and discussed in the end.
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Leifheit-Nestler M, Vogt I, Haffner D, Richter B. Phosphate Is a Cardiovascular Toxin. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1362:107-134. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-91623-7_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Zhou K, Zhu X, Ma K, Liu J, Nürnberg B, Gawaz M, Lang F. Effect of MgCl 2 and GdCl 3 on ORAI1 Expression and Store-Operated Ca 2+ Entry in Megakaryocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073292. [PMID: 33804889 PMCID: PMC8036595 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In chronic kidney disease, hyperphosphatemia upregulates the Ca2+ channel ORAI and its activating Ca2+ sensor STIM in megakaryocytes and platelets. ORAI1 and STIM1 accomplish store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) and play a key role in platelet activation. Signaling linking phosphate to upregulation of ORAI1 and STIM1 includes transcription factor NFAT5 and serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase SGK1. In vascular smooth muscle cells, the effect of hyperphosphatemia on ORAI1/STIM1 expression and SOCE is suppressed by Mg2+ and the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) agonist Gd3+. The present study explored whether sustained exposure to Mg2+ or Gd3+ interferes with the phosphate-induced upregulation of NFAT5, SGK1, ORAI1,2,3, STIM1,2 and SOCE in megakaryocytes. To this end, human megakaryocytic Meg-01 cells were treated with 2 mM ß-glycerophosphate for 24 h in the absence and presence of either 1.5 mM MgCl2 or 50 µM GdCl3. Transcript levels were estimated utilizing q-RT-PCR, protein abundance by Western blotting, cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) by Fura-2 fluorescence and SOCE from the increase in [Ca2+]i following re-addition of extracellular Ca2+ after store depletion with thapsigargin (1 µM). As a result, Mg2+ and Gd3+ upregulated CaSR and blunted or virtually abolished the phosphate-induced upregulation of NFAT5, SGK1, ORAI1,2,3, STIM1,2 and SOCE in megakaryocytes. In conclusion, Mg2+ and the CaSR agonist Gd3+ interfere with phosphate-induced dysregulation of [Ca2+]i in megakaryocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Experimental Therapy & Toxicology, Eberhard Karls University, 72074 Tübingen, Germany; (K.Z.); (X.Z.); (K.M.); (B.N.)
| | - Xuexue Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Experimental Therapy & Toxicology, Eberhard Karls University, 72074 Tübingen, Germany; (K.Z.); (X.Z.); (K.M.); (B.N.)
| | - Ke Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Experimental Therapy & Toxicology, Eberhard Karls University, 72074 Tübingen, Germany; (K.Z.); (X.Z.); (K.M.); (B.N.)
| | - Jibin Liu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Bernd Nürnberg
- Department of Pharmacology, Experimental Therapy & Toxicology, Eberhard Karls University, 72074 Tübingen, Germany; (K.Z.); (X.Z.); (K.M.); (B.N.)
| | - Meinrad Gawaz
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Vegetative and Clinical Physiology, Eberhard Karls University, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-707-129-72194
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13
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Li C, Zhang S, Chen X, Ji J, Yang W, Gui T, Gai Z, Li Y. Farnesoid X receptor activation inhibits TGFBR1/TAK1-mediated vascular inflammation and calcification via miR-135a-5p. Commun Biol 2020; 3:327. [PMID: 32581266 PMCID: PMC7314757 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-1058-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation plays a crucial role in vascular calcification. However, only a few studies have revealed the mechanisms underlying the development of inflammation under high-phosphate conditions in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Here, we show that inflammation resulting from the activation of the TGFBR1/TAK1 pathway is involved in calcification in CKD rats or osteogenic medium-cultured human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs). Moreover, miR-135a-5p is demonstrated to be a key regulator of the TGFBR1/TAK1 pathway, which has been reported to be decreased in CKD rats. We further reveal that farnesoid X receptor (FXR) activation increases miR-135a-5p expression, thereby inhibiting the activation of the TGFBR1/TAK1 pathway, ultimately resulting in the attenuation of vascular inflammation and calcification in CKD rats. Our findings provide advanced insights into the mechanisms underlying the development of inflammation in vascular calcification, and evidence that FXR activation could serve as a therapeutic strategy for retarding vascular calcification in CKD patients.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta/cytology
- Calcinosis/genetics
- Calcinosis/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Female
- Humans
- MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases/genetics
- MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases/metabolism
- Male
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Osteogenesis
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I/genetics
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I/metabolism
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/etiology
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/pathology
- Vasculitis/genetics
- Vasculitis/metabolism
- Vasculitis/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, 8032, Switzerland
| | - Shijun Zhang
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Xiaoqing Chen
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Jingkang Ji
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Wenqing Yang
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Ting Gui
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Zhibo Gai
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, 8032, Switzerland.
| | - Yunlun Li
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, China.
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14
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An overview of the mechanisms in vascular calcification during chronic kidney disease. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2020; 28:289-296. [PMID: 30985336 DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0000000000000507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Chronic kidney disease (CKD) facilitates a unique environment to strongly accelerate vascular calcification - the pathological deposition of calcium-phosphate in the vasculature. These calcifications are associated with the excessive cardiovascular mortality of CKD patients. RECENT FINDINGS Vascular calcification is a multifaceted active process, mediated, at least partly, by vascular smooth muscle cells. These cells are able to transdifferentiate into cells with osteo/chondrogenic properties, which exert multiple effects to facilitate vascular tissue mineralization. As the understanding of the underlying pathophysiology increases, first therapeutic concepts begin to emerge. SUMMARY This brief review provides an overview on the so far known mechanisms involved in the initiation and progression of vascular calcification in CKD.
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15
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Ebert T, Pawelzik SC, Witasp A, Arefin S, Hobson S, Kublickiene K, Shiels PG, Bäck M, Stenvinkel P. Inflammation and Premature Ageing in Chronic Kidney Disease. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:E227. [PMID: 32260373 PMCID: PMC7232447 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12040227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent low-grade inflammation and premature ageing are hallmarks of the uremic phenotype and contribute to impaired health status, reduced quality of life, and premature mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Because there is a huge global burden of disease due to CKD, treatment strategies targeting inflammation and premature ageing in CKD are of particular interest. Several distinct features of the uremic phenotype may represent potential treatment options to attenuate the risk of progression and poor outcome in CKD. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)-kelch-like erythroid cell-derived protein with CNC homology [ECH]-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) signaling pathway, the endocrine phosphate-fibroblast growth factor-23-klotho axis, increased cellular senescence, and impaired mitochondrial biogenesis are currently the most promising candidates, and different pharmaceutical compounds are already under evaluation. If studies in humans show beneficial effects, carefully phenotyped patients with CKD can benefit from them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ebert
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Renal Medicine, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.W.); (S.A.); (S.H.); (K.K.)
| | - Sven-Christian Pawelzik
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine Solna, Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; (S.-C.P.); (M.B.)
- Karolinska University Hospital, Theme Heart and Vessels, Division of Valvular and Coronary Disease, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Witasp
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Renal Medicine, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.W.); (S.A.); (S.H.); (K.K.)
| | - Samsul Arefin
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Renal Medicine, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.W.); (S.A.); (S.H.); (K.K.)
| | - Sam Hobson
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Renal Medicine, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.W.); (S.A.); (S.H.); (K.K.)
| | - Karolina Kublickiene
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Renal Medicine, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.W.); (S.A.); (S.H.); (K.K.)
| | - Paul G. Shiels
- University of Glasgow, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Institute of Cancer Sciences, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK;
| | - Magnus Bäck
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine Solna, Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; (S.-C.P.); (M.B.)
- Karolinska University Hospital, Theme Heart and Vessels, Division of Valvular and Coronary Disease, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Renal Medicine, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.W.); (S.A.); (S.H.); (K.K.)
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16
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Pelzl L, Sahu I, Ma K, Heinzmann D, Bhuyan AAM, Al-Maghout T, Sukkar B, Sharma Y, Marini I, Rigoni F, Artunc F, Cao H, Gutti R, Voelkl J, Pieske B, Gawaz M, Bakchoul T, Lang F. Beta-Glycerophosphate-Induced ORAI1 Expression and Store Operated Ca 2+ Entry in Megakaryocytes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1728. [PMID: 32015442 PMCID: PMC6997179 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58384-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Impairment of renal phosphate elimination in chronic kidney disease (CKD) leads to enhanced plasma and tissue phosphate concentration, which in turn up-regulates transcription factor NFAT5 and serum & glucocorticoid-inducible kinase SGK1. The kinase upregulates ORAI1, a Ca2+-channel accomplishing store-operated Ca2+-entry (SOCE). ORAI1 is stimulated following intracellular store depletion by Ca2+-sensors STIM1 and/or STIM2. In megakaryocytes and blood platelets SOCE and thus ORAI1 are powerful regulators of activity. The present study explored whether the phosphate-donor ß-glycerophosphate augments NFAT5, ORAI1,2,3 and/or STIM1,2 expressions and thus SOCE in megakaryocytes. Human megakaryocytic Meg01cells were exposed to 2 mM of phosphate-donor ß-glycerophosphate for 24 hours. Platelets were isolated from blood samples of patients with impaired kidney function or control volunteers. Transcript levels were estimated utilizing q-RT-PCR, cytosolic Ca2+-concentration ([Ca2+]i) by Fura-2-fluorescence, and SOCE from increase of [Ca2+]i following re-addition of extracellular Ca2+ after store depletion with thapsigargin (1 µM). NFAT5 and ORAI1 protein abundance was estimated with Western blots. As a result, ß-glycerophosphate increased NFAT5, ORAI1/2/3, STIM1/2 transcript levels, as well as SOCE. Transcript levels of NFAT5, SGK1, ORAI1/2/3, and STIM1/2 as well as NFAT5 and ORAI1 protein abundance were significantly higher in platelets isolated from patients with impaired kidney function than in platelets from control volunteers. In conclusion, phosphate-donor ß-glycerophosphate triggers a signaling cascade of NFAT5/SGK1/ORAI/STIM, thus up-regulating store-operated Ca2+-entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisann Pelzl
- Transfusion Medicine, Medical Faculty, Eberhard Karl University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Itishri Sahu
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Eberhard Karl University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Ke Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Eberhard Karl University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - David Heinzmann
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Eberhard Karl University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Tamer Al-Maghout
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Eberhard Karl University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Basma Sukkar
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Eberhard Karl University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Yamini Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Eberhard Karl University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Irene Marini
- Transfusion Medicine, Medical Faculty, Eberhard Karl University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Flaviana Rigoni
- Transfusion Medicine, Medical Faculty, Eberhard Karl University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ferruh Artunc
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Eberhard Karl University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Hang Cao
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Eberhard Karl University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ravi Gutti
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Jakob Voelkl
- Institute for Physiology, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Burkert Pieske
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, and Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, German Heart Center Berlin (DHZB), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Meinrad Gawaz
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Eberhard Karl University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Tamam Bakchoul
- Transfusion Medicine, Medical Faculty, Eberhard Karl University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Centre for Clinical Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Vegetative and Clinical Physiology, Eberhard Karl University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
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17
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Zhu X, Ma K, Zhou K, Voelkl J, Alesutan I, Leibrock C, Nürnberg B, Lang F. Reversal of phosphate-induced ORAI1 expression, store-operated Ca 2+ entry and osteogenic signaling by MgCl 2 in human aortic smooth muscle cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 523:18-24. [PMID: 31831178 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In chronic kidney disease, renal phosphate retention leads to hyperphosphatemia with subsequent vascular osteogenic signaling and calcification. Osteogenic signaling involves up-regulation of the transcription factors CBFA1, MSX2, and SOX9, as well as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), an enzyme stimulating calcification by degrading the calcification inhibitor pyrophosphate. Stimulation of osteogenic signaling and calcification by phosphate donor β-glycerophosphate in human aortic smooth muscle cells (HAoSMCs) is attenuated by MgCl2, an effect mimicked by Ca2+-sensing receptor agonist GdCl3. Most recent observations revealed that the effect of β-glycerophosphate on osteogenic signaling requires ORAI1, a Ca2+-channel accomplishing store-operated Ca2+-entry (SOCE), which is stimulated by Ca2+-sensor STIM1. The present study explored whether ORAI1 and/or STIM1 expression and, thus, SOCE and osteogenic signaling in HAoSMCs are sensitive to MgCl2 and/or GdCl3. To this end, transcript levels were estimated using q-RT-PCR, protein abundance with western blotting, cytosolic Ca2+-concentration ([Ca2+]i) by Fura-2-fluorescence, and SOCE from increase of [Ca2+]i following re-addition of extracellular Ca2+ after store depletion with thapsigargin (1 μM). As a result, 24 h exposure to β-glycerophosphate (2 mM) significantly enhanced transcript levels of ORAI1 and STIM1 as well as SOCE, effects significantly blunted or virtually abrogated by 1.5 mM MgCl2 and by 50 μM GdCl3. In conclusion, MgCl2 and GdCl3 are powerful inhibitors of ORAI1 and STIM1 expression and store-operated Ca2+-entry, effects affecting osteogenic signalling in vascular smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexue Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Experimental Therapy & Toxicology, Eberhard-Karls-University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ke Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Experimental Therapy & Toxicology, Eberhard-Karls-University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kuo Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Experimental Therapy & Toxicology, Eberhard-Karls-University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jakob Voelkl
- Institute for Physiology, Johannes-Kepler-University Linz, Austria
| | - Ioana Alesutan
- Institute for Physiology, Johannes-Kepler-University Linz, Austria
| | | | - Bernd Nürnberg
- Department of Pharmacology, Experimental Therapy & Toxicology, Eberhard-Karls-University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany.
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18
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Abstract
The Klotho proteins, αKlotho and βKlotho, are essential components of endocrine fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor complexes, as they are required for the high-affinity binding of FGF19, FGF21 and FGF23 to their cognate FGF receptors (FGFRs). Collectively, these proteins form a unique endocrine system that governs multiple metabolic processes in mammals. FGF19 is a satiety hormone that is secreted from the intestine on ingestion of food and binds the βKlotho-FGFR4 complex in hepatocytes to promote metabolic responses to feeding. By contrast, under fasting conditions, the liver secretes the starvation hormone FGF21, which induces metabolic responses to fasting and stress responses through the activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system following binding to the βKlotho-FGFR1c complex in adipocytes and the suprachiasmatic nucleus, respectively. Finally, FGF23 is secreted by osteocytes in response to phosphate intake and binds to αKlotho-FGFR complexes, which are expressed most abundantly in renal tubules, to regulate mineral metabolism. Growing evidence suggests that the FGF-Klotho endocrine system also has a crucial role in the pathophysiology of ageing-related disorders, including diabetes, cancer, arteriosclerosis and chronic kidney disease. Therefore, targeting the FGF-Klotho endocrine axes might have therapeutic benefit in multiple systems; investigation of the crystal structures of FGF-Klotho-FGFR complexes is paving the way for the development of drugs that can regulate these axes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Kuro-O
- Division of Anti-aging Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan. .,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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19
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Ter Braake AD, Smit AE, Bos C, van Herwaarden AE, Alkema W, van Essen HW, Bravenboer N, Vervloet MG, Hoenderop JGJ, de Baaij JHF. Magnesium prevents vascular calcification in Klotho deficiency. Kidney Int 2019; 97:487-501. [PMID: 31866113 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Klotho knock-out mice are an important model for vascular calcification, which is associated with chronic kidney disease. In chronic kidney disease, serum magnesium inversely correlates with vascular calcification. Here we determine the effects of serum magnesium on aortic calcification in Klotho knock-out mice treated with a minimal or a high magnesium diet from birth. After eight weeks, serum biochemistry and aorta and bone tissues were studied. Protective effects of magnesium were characterized by RNA-sequencing of the aorta and micro-CT analysis was performed to study bone integrity. A high magnesium diet prevented vascular calcification and aortic gene expression of Runx2 and matrix Gla protein found in such mice on the minimal magnesium diet. Differential expression of inflammation and extracellular matrix remodeling genes accompanied the beneficial effects of magnesium on calcification. High dietary magnesium did not affect serum parathyroid hormone, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 or calcium. High magnesium intake prevented vascular calcification despite increased fibroblast growth factor-23 and phosphate concentration in the knock-out mice. Compared to mice on the minimal magnesium diet, the high magnesium diet reduced femoral bone mineral density by 20% and caused excessive osteoid formation indicating osteomalacia. Osteoclast activity was unaffected by the high magnesium diet. In Saos-2 osteoblasts, magnesium supplementation reduced mineralization independent of osteoblast function. Thus, high dietary magnesium prevents calcification in Klotho knock-out mice. These effects are potentially mediated by reduction of inflammatory and extracellular matrix remodeling pathways within the aorta. Hence magnesium treatment may be promising to prevent vascular calcification, but the risk for osteomalacia should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anique D Ter Braake
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anna E Smit
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Caro Bos
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Antonius E van Herwaarden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wynand Alkema
- Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Huib W van Essen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nathalie Bravenboer
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marc G Vervloet
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joost G J Hoenderop
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen H F de Baaij
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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20
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Vervloet M. Modifying Phosphate Toxicity in Chronic Kidney Disease. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:E522. [PMID: 31505780 PMCID: PMC6784221 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11090522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphate toxicity is a well-established phenomenon, especially in chronic kidney disease (CKD), where hyperphosphatemia is a frequent occurrence when CKD is advanced. Many therapeutic efforts are targeted at phosphate, and comprise dietary intervention, modifying dialysis schemes, treating uncontrolled hyperparathyroidism and importantly, phosphate binder therapy. Despite all these interventions, hyperphosphatemia persists in many, and its pathological influence is ongoing. In nephrological care, a somewhat neglected aspect of treatment-when attempts fail to lower exposure to a toxin like phosphate-is to explore the possibility of "anti-dotes". Indeed, quite a long list of factors modify, or are mediators of phosphate toxicity. Addressing these, especially when phosphate itself cannot be sufficiently controlled, may provide additional protection. In this narrative overview, several factors are discussed that may qualify as either such a modifier or mediator, that can be influenced by other means than simply lowering phosphate exposure. A wider scope when targeting phosphate-induced comorbidity in CKD, in particular cardiovascular disease, may alleviate the burden of disease that is the consequence of this potentially toxic mineral in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Vervloet
- Department of Nephrology and Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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21
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Inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell calcification by vasorin through interference with TGFβ1 signaling. Cell Signal 2019; 64:109414. [PMID: 31505229 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.109414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Elevated transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) levels are frequently observed in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. TGFβ1 contributes to development of medial vascular calcification during hyperphosphatemia, a pathological process promoted by osteo-/chondrogenic transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Vasorin is a transmembrane glycoprotein highly expressed in VSMCs, which is able to bind TGFβ to inhibit TGFβ signaling. Thus, the present study explored the effects of vasorin on osteo-/chondrogenic transdifferentiation and calcification of VSMCs. Primary human aortic smooth muscle cells (HAoSMCs) were treated with recombinant human TGFβ1 or β-glycerophosphate without or with recombinant human vasorin or vasorin gene silencing by siRNA. As a result, TGFβ1 down-regulated vasorin mRNA expression in HAoSMCs. Vasorin supplementation inhibited TGFβ1-induced pathway activation, SMAD2 phosphorylation and downstream target genes expression in HAoSMCs. Furthermore, treatment with exogenous vasorin blunted, while vasorin knockdown augmented TGFβ1-induced osteo-/chondrogenic transdifferentiation of HAoSMCs. In addition, phosphate down-regulated vasorin mRNA expression in HAoSMCs. Phosphate-induced TGFβ1 expression was not affected by addition of exogenous vasorin. Nonetheless, the phosphate-induced TGFβ1 signaling, osteo-/chondrogenic transdifferentiation and calcification of HAoSMCs were all blunted by vasorin. Conversely, silencing of vasorin aggravated osteoinduction in HAoSMCs during high phosphate conditions. Aortic vasorin expression was reduced in the hyperphosphatemic klotho-hypomorphic mouse model of CKD-related vascular calcification. In conclusion, vasorin, which suppresses TGFβ1 signaling and protects against osteo-/chondrogenic transdifferentiation and calcification of VSMCs, is reduced by pro-calcifying conditions. Thus, vasorin is a novel key regulator of VSMC calcification and may represent a potential therapeutic target for vascular calcification during CKD.
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22
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Guľašová Z, Guerreiro SG, Link R, Soares R, Tomečková V. Tackling endothelium remodeling in cardiovascular disease. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:938-945. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Guľašová
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Pavol Jozef Šafárik in Košice Košice Slovakia
| | - Susana G. Guerreiro
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Unidade de Bioquímica, Faculty of Medicine University of Porto Porto Portugal
- I3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde University of Porto Porto Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação University of Porto Porto Portugal
| | - Rene Link
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Pavol Jozef Šafárik in Košice Košice Slovakia
| | - Raquel Soares
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Unidade de Bioquímica, Faculty of Medicine University of Porto Porto Portugal
- I3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde University of Porto Porto Portugal
| | - Vladimíra Tomečková
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine University of Pavol Jozef Šafárik in Košice Košice Slovakia
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23
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Ma K, Liu P, Al-Maghout T, Sukkar B, Cao H, Voelkl J, Alesutan I, Pieske B, Lang F. Phosphate-induced ORAI1 expression and store-operated Ca 2+ entry in aortic smooth muscle cells. J Mol Med (Berl) 2019; 97:1465-1475. [PMID: 31385016 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-019-01824-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Compromised renal phosphate elimination in chronic kidney disease (CKD) leads to hyperphosphatemia, which in turn triggers osteo-/chondrogenic signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and vascular calcification. Osteo-/chondrogenic transdifferentiation of VSMCs leads to upregulation of the transcription factors MSX2, CBFA1, and SOX9 as well as tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (ALPL) which fosters calcification by degrading the calcification inhibitor pyrophosphate. Osteo-/chondrogenic signaling in VSMCs involves the serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase SGK1. As shown in other cell types, SGK1 is a powerful stimulator of ORAI1, a Ca2+-channel accomplishing store-operated Ca2+-entry (SOCE). ORAI1 is stimulated following intracellular store depletion by the Ca2+ sensor STIM1. The present study explored whether phosphate regulates ORAI1 and/or STIM1 expression and, thus, SOCE in VSMCs. To this end, primary human aortic smooth muscle cells (HAoSMCs) were exposed to the phosphate donor β-glycerophosphate. Transcript levels were estimated by qRT-PCR, protein abundance by western blotting, ALPL activity by colorimetry, calcification by alizarin red S staining, cytosolic Ca2+-concentration ([Ca2+]i) by Fura-2-fluorescence, and SOCE from increase of [Ca2+]i following re-addition of extracellular Ca2+ after store depletion with thapsigargin. As a result, β-glycerophosphate treatment increased ORAI1 and STIM1 transcript levels and protein abundance as well as SOCE in HAoSMCs. Additional treatment with ORAI1 inhibitor MRS1845 or SGK1 inhibitor GSK650394 virtually disrupted the effects of β-glycerophosphate on SOCE. Moreover, the β-glycerophosphate-induced MSX2, CBFA1, SOX9, and ALPL mRNA expression and activity in HAoSMCs were suppressed in the presence of the ORAI1 inhibitor and upon ORAI1 silencing. In conclusion, enhanced phosphate upregulates ORAI1 and STIM1 expression and store-operated Ca2+-entry, which participate in the orchestration of osteo-/chondrogenic signaling of VSMCs. KEY MESSAGES: • In aortic SMC, phosphate donor ß-glycerophosphate upregulates Ca2+ channel ORAI1. • In aortic SMC, ß-glycerophosphate upregulates ORAI1-activator STIM1. • In aortic SMC, ß-glycerophosphate upregulates store-operated Ca2+-entry (SOCE). • The effect of ß-glycerophosphate on SOCE is disrupted by ORAI1 inhibitor MRS1845. • Stimulation of osteogenic signaling is disrupted by MRS1845 and ORAI1 silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ma
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapy, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapy, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tamer Al-Maghout
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapy, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Basma Sukkar
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapy, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hang Cao
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapy, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jakob Voelkl
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040, Linz, Austria.,Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité University Medicine, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ioana Alesutan
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040, Linz, Austria.,Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité University Medicine, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Burkert Pieske
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité University Medicine, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, German Heart Center Berlin (DHZB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Vegetative and Clinical Physiology, University of Tübingen, Wilhelmstr. 56, 72074, Tübingen, Germany.
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24
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Henze LA, Luong TT, Boehme B, Masyout J, Schneider MP, Brachs S, Lang F, Pieske B, Pasch A, Eckardt KU, Voelkl J, Alesutan I. Impact of C-reactive protein on osteo-/chondrogenic transdifferentiation and calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:5445-5462. [PMID: 31377747 PMCID: PMC6710049 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Medial vascular calcification occurs during the aging process and is strongly accelerated by chronic kidney disease (CKD). Elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels are associated with vascular calcification, cardiovascular events and mortality in CKD patients. CRP is an important promoter of vascular inflammation. Inflammatory processes are critically involved in initiation and progression of vascular calcification. Thus, the present study explored a possible impact of CRP on vascular calcification. We found that CRP promoted osteo-/chondrogenic transdifferentiation and aggravated phosphate-induced osteo-/chondrogenic transdifferentiation and calcification of primary human aortic smooth muscle cells (HAoSMCs). These effects were paralleled by increased cellular oxidative stress and corresponding pro-calcific downstream-signaling. Antioxidants or p38 MAPK inhibition suppressed CRP-induced osteo-/chondrogenic signaling and mineralization. Furthermore, silencing of Fc fragment of IgG receptor IIa (FCGR2A) blunted the pro-calcific effects of CRP. Vascular CRP expression was increased in the klotho-hypomorphic mouse model of aging as well as in HAoSMCs during calcifying conditions. In conclusion, CRP augments osteo-/chondrogenic transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells through mechanisms involving FCGR2A-dependent induction of oxidative stress. Thus, systemic inflammation may actively contribute to the progression of vascular calcification.
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MESH Headings
- Aging/metabolism
- Aging/pathology
- Animals
- C-Reactive Protein/metabolism
- Cell Transdifferentiation/physiology
- Cells, Cultured
- Chondrogenesis/physiology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Glucuronidase/genetics
- Glucuronidase/metabolism
- Humans
- Klotho Proteins
- Mice
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Osteogenesis/physiology
- Oxidative Stress
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- Receptors, IgG/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, IgG/genetics
- Receptors, IgG/metabolism
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/complications
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/metabolism
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/pathology
- Signal Transduction
- Vascular Calcification/etiology
- Vascular Calcification/metabolism
- Vascular Calcification/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A. Henze
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin 13353, Germany
| | - Trang T.D. Luong
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin 13353, Germany
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz 4040, Austria
| | - Beate Boehme
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin 13353, Germany
| | - Jaber Masyout
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin 13353, Germany
| | - Markus P. Schneider
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Brachs
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin 10115, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin 10115, Germany
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology I, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Burkert Pieske
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin 13353, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin 10115, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin 10178, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, German Heart Center Berlin (DHZB), Berlin 13353, Germany
| | - Andreas Pasch
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz 4040, Austria
- Calciscon AG, 2560 Nidau-Biel, Switzerland
| | - Kai-Uwe Eckardt
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Jakob Voelkl
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin 13353, Germany
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz 4040, Austria
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin 10115, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Ioana Alesutan
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin 13353, Germany
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz 4040, Austria
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin 10115, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin 10178, Germany
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25
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Voelkl J, Lang F, Eckardt KU, Amann K, Kuro-O M, Pasch A, Pieske B, Alesutan I. Signaling pathways involved in vascular smooth muscle cell calcification during hyperphosphatemia. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:2077-2091. [PMID: 30887097 PMCID: PMC6502780 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03054-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Medial vascular calcification has emerged as a putative key factor contributing to the excessive cardiovascular mortality of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Hyperphosphatemia is considered a decisive determinant of vascular calcification in CKD. A critical role in initiation and progression of vascular calcification during elevated phosphate conditions is attributed to vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), which are able to change their phenotype into osteo-/chondroblasts-like cells. These transdifferentiated VSMCs actively promote calcification in the medial layer of the arteries by producing a local pro-calcifying environment as well as nidus sites for precipitation of calcium and phosphate and growth of calcium phosphate crystals. Elevated extracellular phosphate induces osteo-/chondrogenic transdifferentiation of VSMCs through complex intracellular signaling pathways, which are still incompletely understood. The present review addresses critical intracellular pathways controlling osteo-/chondrogenic transdifferentiation of VSMCs and, thus, vascular calcification during hyperphosphatemia. Elucidating these pathways holds a significant promise to open novel therapeutic opportunities counteracting the progression of vascular calcification in CKD.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Calcium Phosphates/chemistry
- Calcium Phosphates/metabolism
- Cell Transdifferentiation
- Chondrocytes/metabolism
- Chondrocytes/pathology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- Hyperphosphatemia/complications
- Hyperphosphatemia/genetics
- Hyperphosphatemia/metabolism
- Hyperphosphatemia/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- NF-kappa B/genetics
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Osteoblasts/metabolism
- Osteoblasts/pathology
- RANK Ligand/genetics
- RANK Ligand/metabolism
- Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B/genetics
- Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B/metabolism
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/complications
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/genetics
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/metabolism
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/pathology
- Signal Transduction
- Vascular Calcification/complications
- Vascular Calcification/genetics
- Vascular Calcification/metabolism
- Vascular Calcification/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Voelkl
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040, Linz, Austria.
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburgerplatz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 13347, Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburgerplatz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology I, Eberhard-Karls University, Wilhelmstr. 56, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kai-Uwe Eckardt
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburgerplatz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerstin Amann
- Department of Nephropathology, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstr. 8-10, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Makoto Kuro-O
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Andreas Pasch
- Calciscon AG, Aarbergstrasse 5, 2560, Nidau-Biel, Switzerland
| | - Burkert Pieske
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburgerplatz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 13347, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch Str. 2, 10178, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, German Heart Center Berlin (DHZB), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ioana Alesutan
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburgerplatz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 13347, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch Str. 2, 10178, Berlin, Germany
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26
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SGK1-dependent stimulation of vascular smooth muscle cell osteo-/chondrogenic transdifferentiation by interleukin-18. Pflugers Arch 2019; 471:889-899. [PMID: 30706178 PMCID: PMC6533237 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-019-02256-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) is a key regulator of osteo-/chondrogenic transdifferentiation and subsequent calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The phenotypical transdifferentiation of VSMCs is associated with increased interleukin-18 (IL-18) levels and generalized inflammation. Therefore, the present study investigated the possible involvement of SGK1 in IL-18-induced vascular calcification. Experiments were performed in primary human aortic smooth muscle cells (HAoSMCs) treated with recombinant human IL-18 protein in control or high phosphate conditions and following SGK1 knockdown by siRNA or pharmacological inhibition of SGK1, PI3K, and PDK1. As a result, IL-18 treatment increased SGK1 mRNA and protein expression in HAoSMCs. IL-18 upregulated SGK1 mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner. This effect was paralleled by upregulation of the mRNA expression of MSX2 and CBFA1, osteogenic transcription factors, and of tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (ALPL), an osteogenic enzyme, as markers of increased osteo-/chondrogenic transdifferentiation. Phosphate treatment increased SGK1 and osteogenic markers mRNA expression as well as ALPL activity and induced calcification of HAoSMCs, all effects significantly augmented by additional treatment with IL-18. Conversely, silencing of SGK1 or cotreatment with the SGK1 inhibitor EMD638683 blunted the effects of IL-18 on osteo-/chondrogenic transdifferentiation and calcification of HAoSMCs. The procalcific effects of IL-18 were similarly suppressed in the presence of PI3K or PDK1 inhibitors. In conclusion, SGK1 expression is upregulated by IL-18 in VSMCs and SGK1 participates in the intracellular signaling of IL-18-induced osteo-/chondrogenic transdifferentiation of VSMCs. Thus, SGK1 may serve as therapeutic target to limit the progression of medial vascular calcification during vascular inflammation.
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27
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Tuffaha R, Voelkl J, Pieske B, Lang F, Alesutan I. Role of PKB/SGK-dependent phosphorylation of GSK-3α/β in vascular calcification during cholecalciferol overload in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:2068-2074. [PMID: 30119888 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.07.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Medial vascular calcification is a highly regulated process involving osteo-/chondrogenic transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Both, protein kinase B (PKB) and serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) are involved in the intracellular signaling of vascular calcification and both phosphorylate and inactivate glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3). The present study explored whether PKB/SGK-dependent phosphorylation of GSK-3α/β is involved in vascular calcification. Experiments were performed in Gsk-3α/β double knockin mice lacking functional PKB/SGK phosphorylation sites (gsk-3KI) and corresponding wild-type mice (gsk-3WT) following high-dosed cholecalciferol treatment as well as ex vivo in aortic ring explants from gsk-3KI and gsk-3WT mice treated without and with phosphate. In gsk-3WT mice, high-dosed cholecalciferol induced vascular calcification and aortic osteo-/chondrogenic signaling, shown by increased expression of osteogenic markers Msx2, Cbfa1 and tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (Alpl). All these effects were suppressed in aortic tissue from gsk-3KI mice. Cholecalciferol decreased aortic Gsk-3α/β phosphorylation (Ser21/9) in gsk-3WT mice, while no phosphorylation was observed in gsk-3KI mice. Moreover, the mRNA expression of type III sodium-dependent phosphate transporter (Pit1) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (Pai1) was increased following cholecalciferol treatment in aortic tissue of gsk-3WT mice, effects again blunted in gsk-3KI mice. In addition, phosphate treatment induced mineral deposition and osteogenic markers expression in aortic ring explants from gsk-3WT mice, effects reduced in aortic ring explants from gsk-3KI mice. In conclusion, vascular PKB/SGK-dependent phosphorylation of GSK-3α/β contributes to the osteoinductive signaling leading to vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashad Tuffaha
- Department of Physiology I, Eberhard-Karls University, Wilhelmstr. 56, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jakob Voelkl
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburgerplatz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Hessische Str. 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Burkert Pieske
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburgerplatz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Hessische Str. 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch Str. 2, 10178 Berlin, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, German Heart Center Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology I, Eberhard-Karls University, Wilhelmstr. 56, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ioana Alesutan
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburgerplatz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Hessische Str. 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch Str. 2, 10178 Berlin, Germany
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28
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Saulnier-Blache JS, Wilson R, Klavins K, Graham D, Alesutan I, Kastenmüller G, Wang-Sattler R, Adamski J, Roden M, Rathmann W, Seissler J, Meisinger C, Koenig W, Thiery J, Suhre K, Peters A, Kuro-O M, Lang F, Dallmann G, Delles C, Voelkl J, Waldenberger M, Bascands JL, Klein J, Schanstra JP. Ldlr -/- and ApoE -/- mice better mimic the human metabolite signature of increased carotid intima media thickness compared to other animal models of cardiovascular disease. Atherosclerosis 2018; 276:140-147. [PMID: 30059845 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Preclinical experiments on animal models are essential to understand the mechanisms of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Metabolomics allows access to the metabolic perturbations associated with CVD in heart and vessels. Here we assessed which potential animal CVD model most closely mimics the serum metabolite signature of increased carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) in humans, a clinical parameter widely accepted as a surrogate of CVD. METHODS A targeted mass spectrometry assay was used to quantify and compare a series of blood metabolites between 1362 individuals (KORA F4 cohort) and 5 animal CVD models: ApoE-/-, Ldlr-/-, and klotho-hypomorphic mice (kl/kl) and SHRSP rats with or without salt feeding. The metabolite signatures were obtained using linear regressions adjusted for various co-variates. RESULTS In human, increased cIMT [quartile Q4 vs. Q1] was associated with 26 metabolites (9 acylcarnitines, 2 lysophosphatidylcholines, 9 phosphatidylcholines and 6 sphingomyelins). Acylcarnitines correlated preferentially with serum glucose and creatinine. Phospholipids correlated preferentially with cholesterol (total and LDL). The human signature correlated positively and significantly with Ldlr-/- and ApoE-/- mice, while correlation with kl/kl mice and SHRP rats was either negative and non-significant. Human and Ldlr-/- mice shared 11 significant metabolites displaying the same direction of regulation: 5 phosphatidylcholines, 1 lysophosphatidylcholines, 5 sphingomyelins; ApoE-/- mice shared 10. CONCLUSIONS The human cIMT signature was partially mimicked by Ldlr-/- and ApoE-/- mice. These animal models might help better understand the biochemical and molecular mechanisms involved in the vessel metabolic perturbations associated with, and contributing to metabolic disorders in CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Sébastien Saulnier-Blache
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France; Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
| | - Rory Wilson
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kristaps Klavins
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Delyth Graham
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ioana Alesutan
- Medizinische Klinik Mit Schwerpunkt Kardiologie, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gabi Kastenmüller
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Rui Wang-Sattler
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center at Heinrich Heine University, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Rathmann
- German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Institute of Biometrics and Epidemiology, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jochen Seissler
- Diabetes Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV - Campus Innenstadt, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Group Diabetes, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christine Meisinger
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Chair of Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, UNIKA-T, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Koenig
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Joachim Thiery
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Karsten Suhre
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, PO Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Annette Peters
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany; Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometrics and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Makuto Kuro-O
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Florian Lang
- Physiologisches Institut, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Department of Molecular Medicine II, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Guido Dallmann
- Biocrates Life Sciences AG, Eduard-Bodem-Gasse 8, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Molecular Medicine II, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Delles
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jakob Voelkl
- Medizinische Klinik Mit Schwerpunkt Kardiologie, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Melanie Waldenberger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Jean-Loup Bascands
- Institut National de La Sante et de La Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1188 - Université de La Réunion, France
| | - Julie Klein
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France; Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Joost P Schanstra
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France; Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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29
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Voelkl J, Luong TT, Tuffaha R, Musculus K, Auer T, Lian X, Daniel C, Zickler D, Boehme B, Sacherer M, Metzler B, Kuhl D, Gollasch M, Amann K, Müller DN, Pieske B, Lang F, Alesutan I. SGK1 induces vascular smooth muscle cell calcification through NF-κB signaling. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:3024-3040. [PMID: 29889103 DOI: 10.1172/jci96477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Medial vascular calcification, associated with enhanced mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD), is fostered by osteo-/chondrogenic transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Here, we describe that serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) was upregulated in VSMCs under calcifying conditions. In primary human aortic VSMCs, overexpression of constitutively active SGK1S422D, but not inactive SGK1K127N, upregulated osteo-/chondrogenic marker expression and activity, effects pointing to increased osteo-/chondrogenic transdifferentiation. SGK1S422D induced nuclear translocation and increased transcriptional activity of NF-κB. Silencing or pharmacological inhibition of IKK abrogated the osteoinductive effects of SGK1S422D. Genetic deficiency, silencing, and pharmacological inhibition of SGK1 dissipated phosphate-induced calcification and osteo-/chondrogenic transdifferentiation of VSMCs. Aortic calcification, stiffness, and osteo-/chondrogenic transdifferentiation in mice following cholecalciferol overload were strongly reduced by genetic knockout or pharmacological inhibition of Sgk1 by EMD638683. Similarly, Sgk1 deficiency blunted vascular calcification in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice after subtotal nephrectomy. Treatment of human aortic smooth muscle cells with serum from uremic patients induced osteo-/chondrogenic transdifferentiation, effects ameliorated by EMD638683. These observations identified SGK1 as a key regulator of vascular calcification. SGK1 promoted vascular calcification, at least partly, via NF-κB activation. Inhibition of SGK1 may, thus, reduce the burden of vascular calcification in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Voelkl
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Trang Td Luong
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rashad Tuffaha
- Department of Physiology I, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Musculus
- Department of Physiology I, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tilman Auer
- Department of Physiology I, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Xiaoming Lian
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Daniel
- Department of Pathology, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniel Zickler
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Berlin, Germany
| | - Beate Boehme
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Sacherer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Bernhard Metzler
- University Clinic of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology and Angiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dietmar Kuhl
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Cognition, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maik Gollasch
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerstin Amann
- Department of Pathology, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dominik N Müller
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Burkert Pieske
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, German Heart Center Berlin (DHZB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology I, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ioana Alesutan
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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30
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Voelkl J, Tuffaha R, Luong TTD, Zickler D, Masyout J, Feger M, Verheyen N, Blaschke F, Kuro-O M, Tomaschitz A, Pilz S, Pasch A, Eckardt KU, Scherberich JE, Lang F, Pieske B, Alesutan I. Zinc Inhibits Phosphate-Induced Vascular Calcification through TNFAIP3-Mediated Suppression of NF- κB. J Am Soc Nephrol 2018; 29:1636-1648. [PMID: 29654213 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2017050492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality of patients with CKD may result in large part from medial vascular calcification, a process promoted by hyperphosphatemia and involving osteo-/chondrogenic transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Reduced serum zinc levels have frequently been observed in patients with CKD, but the functional relevance of this remains unclear.Methods We performed experiments in primary human aortic VSMCs; klotho-hypomorphic (kl/kl), subtotal nephrectomy, and cholecalciferol-overload mouse calcification models; and serum samples from patients with CKD.Results In cultured VSMCs, treatment with zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) blunted phosphate-induced calcification, osteo-/chondrogenic signaling, and NF-κB activation. ZnSO4 increased the abundance of zinc-finger protein TNF-α-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3, also known as A20), a suppressor of the NF-κB pathway, by zinc-sensing receptor ZnR/GPR39-dependent upregulation of TNFAIP3 gene expression. Silencing of TNFAIP3 in VSMCs blunted the anticalcific effects of ZnSO4 under high phosphate conditions. kl/kl mice showed reduced plasma zinc levels, and ZnSO4 supplementation strongly blunted vascular calcification and aortic osteoinduction and upregulated aortic Tnfaip3 expression. ZnSO4 ameliorated vascular calcification in mice with chronic renal failure and mice with cholecalciferol overload. In patients with CKD, serum zinc concentrations inversely correlated with serum calcification propensity. Finally, ZnSO4 ameliorated the osteoinductive effects of uremic serum in VSMCs.Conclusions Zinc supplementation ameliorates phosphate-induced osteo-/chondrogenic transdifferentiation of VSMCs and vascular calcification through an active cellular mechanism resulting from GPR39-dependent induction of TNFAIP3 and subsequent suppression of the NF-κB pathway. Zinc supplementation may be a simple treatment to reduce the burden of vascular calcification in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Voelkl
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany;
| | - Rashad Tuffaha
- Department of Physiology I, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Trang T D Luong
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Zickler
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jaber Masyout
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martina Feger
- Department of Physiology I, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Verheyen
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Florian Blaschke
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Makoto Kuro-O
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Japan
| | - Andreas Tomaschitz
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Division of Internal Medicine, Specialist Clinic of Rehabilitation Bad Gleichenberg, Bad Gleichenberg, Austria
| | - Stefan Pilz
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Kai-Uwe Eckardt
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Juergen E Scherberich
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Klinikum München-Harlaching, Teaching Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology I, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Burkert Pieske
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany; and.,Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, German Heart Center Berlin (DHZB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Ioana Alesutan
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany; and
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31
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Zhang S, Xu J, Feng Y, Zhang J, Cui L, Zhang H, Bai Y. Extracellular acidosis suppresses calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells by inhibiting calcium influx via L-type calcium channels. Clin Exp Hypertens 2018; 40:370-377. [PMID: 29420074 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2017.1384482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Vascular calcification such as arteriosclerosis, which is characterized by a calcification of the tunica media, is a severe complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD), contributing to the high prevalence of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with CKD. An essential step during the development of arteriosclerosis is the transdifferentiation/calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), resembling osteogenesis. Metabolic acidosis, a common clinical manifestation in CKD, is known to decrease vascular calcification. To understand the underlying regulatory mechanisms of acidosis, we investigated whether the acidosis-decreased VSMC calcification involves altered signaling of the LTCC/Ca2+/Runx2 pathway. Vascular calcifications, calcium content, runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), L-type calcium channel (LTCC) β3 subunits, and calcium influx were measured in vivo or in vitro. Calcified nodules and calcium content increased either in aorta sections of vascular calcified rats or in VSMCs induced by β-GP. The expression of Runx2 and ALP activity markedly rose, accompanied by the increasing expression of LTCC β3 subunits and calcium influx. However, acidosis supplementation successfully attenuated VC and VSMC calcification and inhibited Runx2, ALP, LTCC β3 subunits, and calcium influx. In conclusion, acidosis significantly attenuated vascular calcification in association with downregulation of the LTCC/Ca2+/Runx2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglei Zhang
- a Departments of Nephrology , The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , P. R. China
| | - Jinsheng Xu
- a Departments of Nephrology , The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , P. R. China
| | - Yu Feng
- a Departments of Nephrology , The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , P. R. China
| | - Junxia Zhang
- a Departments of Nephrology , The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , P. R. China
| | - Liwen Cui
- a Departments of Nephrology , The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , P. R. China
| | - Huiran Zhang
- a Departments of Nephrology , The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , P. R. China
| | - Yaling Bai
- a Departments of Nephrology , The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , P. R. China
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32
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Lang F, Leibrock C, Pelzl L, Gawaz M, Pieske B, Alesutan I, Voelkl J. Therapeutic Interference With Vascular Calcification-Lessons From Klotho-Hypomorphic Mice and Beyond. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:207. [PMID: 29780355 PMCID: PMC5945862 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Medial vascular calcification, a major pathophysiological process associated with cardiovascular disease and mortality, involves osteo-/chondrogenic transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). In chronic kidney disease (CKD), osteo-/chondrogenic transdifferentiation of VSMCs and, thus, vascular calcification is mainly driven by hyperphosphatemia, resulting from impaired elimination of phosphate by the diseased kidneys. Hyperphosphatemia with subsequent vascular calcification is a hallmark of klotho-hypomorphic mice, which are characterized by rapid development of multiple age-related disorders and early death. In those animals, hyperphosphatemia results from unrestrained formation of 1,25(OH)2D3 with subsequent retention of calcium and phosphate. Analysis of klotho-hypomorphic mice and mice with vitamin D3 overload uncovered several pathophysiological mechanisms participating in the orchestration of vascular calcification and several therapeutic opportunities to delay or even halt vascular calcification. The present brief review addresses the beneficial effects of bicarbonate, carbonic anhydrase inhibition, magnesium supplementation, mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) blockage, and ammonium salts. The case is made that bicarbonate is mainly effective by decreasing intestinal phosphate absorption, and that carbonic anhydrase inhibition leads to metabolic acidosis, which counteracts calcium-phosphate precipitation and VSMC transdifferentiation. Magnesium supplementation, MR blockage and ammonium salts are mainly effective by interference with osteo-/chondrogenic signaling in VSMCs. It should be pointed out that the, by far, most efficient substances are ammonium salts, which may virtually prevent vascular calcification. Future research will probably uncover further therapeutic options and, most importantly, reveal whether these observations in mice can be translated into treatment of patients suffering from vascular calcification, such as patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology I, Eberhard Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Florian Lang,
| | - Christina Leibrock
- Department of Physiology I, Eberhard Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany
- Fresenius Kabi Deutschland GmbH, Bad Homburg, Germany
| | - Lisann Pelzl
- Department of Physiology I, Eberhard Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Meinrad Gawaz
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Eberhard Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Burkert Pieske
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité-Universität Medizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- Partner Site Berlin, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany
| | - Ioana Alesutan
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité-Universität Medizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- Partner Site Berlin, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jakob Voelkl
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité-Universität Medizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Partner Site Berlin, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany
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33
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Leifheit-Nestler M, Richter B, Basaran M, Nespor J, Vogt I, Alesutan I, Voelkl J, Lang F, Heineke J, Krick S, Haffner D. Impact of Altered Mineral Metabolism on Pathological Cardiac Remodeling in Elevated Fibroblast Growth Factor 23. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:333. [PMID: 29977226 PMCID: PMC6021503 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical and experimental studies indicate a possible link between high serum levels of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), phosphate, and parathyroid hormone (PTH), deficiency of active vitamin D (1,25D) and klotho with the development of pathological cardiac remodeling, i.e., left ventricular hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis, but a causal link has not been established so far. Here, we investigated the cardiac phenotype in klotho hypomorphic (kl/kl) mice and Hyp mice, two mouse models of elevated FGF23 levels and klotho deficiency, but differing in parameters of mineral metabolism, by using histology, quantitative real-time PCR, immunoblot analysis, and serum and urine biochemistry. Additionally, the specific impact of calcium, phosphate, PTH, and 1,25D on hypertrophic growth of isolated neonatal rat cardiac myocytes was investigated in vitro. Kl/kl mice displayed high serum Fgf23 levels, increased relative heart weight, enhanced cross-sectional area of individual cardiac myocytes, activated cardiac Fgf23/Fgf receptor (Fgfr) 4/calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T cell (NFAT) signaling, and induction of pro-hypertrophic NFAT target genes including Rcan1, bMHC, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) as compared to corresponding wild-type (WT) mice. Investigation of fibrosis-related molecules characteristic for pathological cardiac remodeling processes demonstrated ERK1/2 activation and enhanced expression of Tgf-β1, collagen I, and Mmp2 in kl/kl mice than in WT mice. In contrast, despite significantly elevation of serum and cardiac Fgf23, and reduced renal klotho expression, Hyp mice showed no signs of pathological cardiac remodeling. Kl/kl mice showed enhanced serum calcium and phosphate levels, while Hyp mice showed unchanged serum calcium levels, lower serum phosphate, and elevated serum iPTH concentrations compared to corresponding WT mice. In cultured cardiac myocytes, treatment with both calcium or phosphate significantly upregulated endogenous Fgf23 mRNA expression and stimulated hypertrophic cell growth and expression of pro-hypertrophic genes. The treatment with PTH induced hypertrophic cell growth only, and stimulation with 1,25D had no significant effects. In conclusion, our data indicate that Hyp mice, in contrast to kl/kl mice appear to be protected from pathological cardiac remodeling during conditions of high FGF23 levels and klotho deficiency, which may be due, at least in part, to differences in mineral metabolism alterations, i.e., hypophosphatemia and lack of hypercalcemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Leifheit-Nestler
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Pediatric Research Center, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- *Correspondence: Maren Leifheit-Nestler,
| | - Beatrice Richter
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Pediatric Research Center, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Melis Basaran
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Pediatric Research Center, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Julia Nespor
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Pediatric Research Center, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Isabel Vogt
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Pediatric Research Center, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ioana Alesutan
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jakob Voelkl
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology I, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Joerg Heineke
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Experimental Cardiology, Rebirth-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefanie Krick
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Dieter Haffner
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Pediatric Research Center, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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34
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Baldan A, Giusti A, Bosi C, Malaventura C, Forni G, Borgna-Pignatti C. Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum-Like in β-Thalassemia Major, a matter of α-Klotho and Parathyroid Hormone? Hemoglobin 2017; 41:254-259. [DOI: 10.1080/03630269.2017.1403927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Baldan
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Andrea Giusti
- Bone Clinic, Department of Geriatric Care, Orthogeriatrics and Rehabilitation, Galliera Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Cristina Bosi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Internal and Cardio-Respiratory Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Cristina Malaventura
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gianluca Forni
- Center of Microcitemia and Congenital Anemias, Galliera Hospital, Genoa, Italy
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35
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Sahu I, Pelzl L, Sukkar B, Fakhri H, al‐Maghout T, Cao H, Hauser S, Gutti R, Gawaz M, Lang F. NFAT5‐sensitive Orai1 expression and store‐operated Ca
2+
entry in megakaryocytes. FASEB J 2017; 31:3439-3448. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201601211r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Itishri Sahu
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine and PhysiologyUniversity of Tübingen Tübingena Germany
- Department of BiochemistrySchool of Life SciencesUniversity of Hyderabad Hyderabad India
| | - Lisann Pelzl
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine and PhysiologyUniversity of Tübingen Tübingena Germany
| | - Basma Sukkar
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine and PhysiologyUniversity of Tübingen Tübingena Germany
| | - Hajar Fakhri
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine and PhysiologyUniversity of Tübingen Tübingena Germany
| | - Tamer al‐Maghout
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine and PhysiologyUniversity of Tübingen Tübingena Germany
| | - Hang Cao
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine and PhysiologyUniversity of Tübingen Tübingena Germany
| | - Stefan Hauser
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Tübingen Germany
| | - Ravi Gutti
- Department of BiochemistrySchool of Life SciencesUniversity of Hyderabad Hyderabad India
| | - Meinrad Gawaz
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine and PhysiologyUniversity of Tübingen Tübingena Germany
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine and PhysiologyUniversity of Tübingen Tübingena Germany
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We give an update on the etiology and potential treatment options of rare inherited monogenic disorders associated with arterial calcification and calcific cardiac valve disease. RECENT FINDINGS Genetic studies of rare inherited syndromes have identified key regulators of ectopic calcification. Based on the pathogenic principles causing the diseases, these can be classified into three groups: (1) disorders of an increased extracellular inorganic phosphate/inorganic pyrophosphate ratio (generalized arterial calcification of infancy, pseudoxanthoma elasticum, arterial calcification and distal joint calcification, progeria, idiopathic basal ganglia calcification, and hyperphosphatemic familial tumoral calcinosis; (2) interferonopathies (Singleton-Merten syndrome); and (3) others, including Keutel syndrome and Gaucher disease type IIIC. Although some of the identified causative mechanisms are not easy to target for treatment, it has become clear that a disturbed serum phosphate/pyrophosphate ratio is a major force triggering arterial and cardiac valve calcification. Further studies will focus on targeting the phosphate/pyrophosphate ratio to effectively prevent and treat these calcific disease phenotypes.
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MESH Headings
- Abnormalities, Multiple/drug therapy
- Abnormalities, Multiple/genetics
- Abnormalities, Multiple/metabolism
- Aortic Diseases/drug therapy
- Aortic Diseases/genetics
- Aortic Diseases/metabolism
- Basal Ganglia Diseases/drug therapy
- Basal Ganglia Diseases/genetics
- Basal Ganglia Diseases/metabolism
- Calcinosis/drug therapy
- Calcinosis/genetics
- Calcinosis/metabolism
- Cartilage Diseases/drug therapy
- Cartilage Diseases/genetics
- Cartilage Diseases/metabolism
- Dental Enamel Hypoplasia/drug therapy
- Dental Enamel Hypoplasia/genetics
- Dental Enamel Hypoplasia/metabolism
- Diphosphates/metabolism
- Enzyme Replacement Therapy
- Gaucher Disease/drug therapy
- Gaucher Disease/genetics
- Gaucher Disease/metabolism
- Hand Deformities, Congenital/drug therapy
- Hand Deformities, Congenital/genetics
- Hand Deformities, Congenital/metabolism
- Humans
- Hyperostosis, Cortical, Congenital/drug therapy
- Hyperostosis, Cortical, Congenital/genetics
- Hyperostosis, Cortical, Congenital/metabolism
- Hyperphosphatemia/drug therapy
- Hyperphosphatemia/genetics
- Hyperphosphatemia/metabolism
- Interferons/metabolism
- Metacarpus/abnormalities
- Metacarpus/metabolism
- Muscular Diseases/drug therapy
- Muscular Diseases/genetics
- Muscular Diseases/metabolism
- Odontodysplasia/drug therapy
- Odontodysplasia/genetics
- Odontodysplasia/metabolism
- Osteoporosis/drug therapy
- Osteoporosis/genetics
- Osteoporosis/metabolism
- Phosphates/metabolism
- Progeria/drug therapy
- Progeria/genetics
- Progeria/metabolism
- Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum/drug therapy
- Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum/genetics
- Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum/metabolism
- Pulmonary Valve Stenosis/drug therapy
- Pulmonary Valve Stenosis/genetics
- Pulmonary Valve Stenosis/metabolism
- Vascular Calcification/drug therapy
- Vascular Calcification/genetics
- Vascular Calcification/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Nitschke
- Department of General Pediatrics, Münster University Children's Hospital, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Rutsch
- Department of General Pediatrics, Münster University Children's Hospital, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, D-48149, Münster, Germany.
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37
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Vaughan DE, Rai R, Khan SS, Eren M, Ghosh AK. Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Is a Marker and a Mediator of Senescence. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:1446-1452. [PMID: 28572158 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.309451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1) is a member of the evolutionarily conserved serine protease inhibitor family and a potent and rapid-acting inhibitor of both of the mammalian plasminogen activators. Organismal homeostasis requires physiological levels of endogenous PAI-1, and increased PAI-1 production guides the onset and progression of numerous human diseases and contributes to the multimorbidity of aging. Both chronological and stress-induced accelerated aging are associated with cellular senescence and accompanied by marked increases in PAI-1 expression in tissues. Recent studies suggest that PAI-1 is not only a marker but also a key mediator of cellular senescence and organismal aging. Here, we review the significance of PAI-1 as a bonafide marker, as well as a critical mediator, of cellular senescence associated with aging and aging-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas E Vaughan
- From the Department of Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL.
| | - Rahul Rai
- From the Department of Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Sadiya S Khan
- From the Department of Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Mesut Eren
- From the Department of Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Asish K Ghosh
- From the Department of Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
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38
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Alesutan I, Voelkl J, Feger M, Kratschmar DV, Castor T, Mia S, Sacherer M, Viereck R, Borst O, Leibrock C, Gawaz M, Kuro-O M, Pilz S, Tomaschitz A, Odermatt A, Pieske B, Wagner CA, Lang F. Involvement Of Vascular Aldosterone Synthase In Phosphate-Induced Osteogenic Transformation Of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2059. [PMID: 28515448 PMCID: PMC5435689 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01882-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification resulting from hyperphosphatemia is a major determinant of mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Vascular calcification is driven by aldosterone-sensitive osteogenic transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). We show that even in absence of exogenous aldosterone, silencing and pharmacological inhibition (spironolactone, eplerenone) of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) ameliorated phosphate-induced osteo-/chondrogenic transformation of primary human aortic smooth muscle cells (HAoSMCs). High phosphate concentrations up-regulated aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) expression in HAoSMCs. Silencing and deficiency of CYP11B2 in VSMCs ameliorated phosphate-induced osteogenic reprogramming and calcification. Phosphate treatment was followed by nuclear export of APEX1, a CYP11B2 transcriptional repressor. APEX1 silencing up-regulated CYP11B2 expression and stimulated osteo-/chondrogenic transformation. APEX1 overexpression blunted the phosphate-induced osteo-/chondrogenic transformation and calcification of HAoSMCs. Cyp11b2 expression was higher in aortic tissue of hyperphosphatemic klotho-hypomorphic (kl/kl) mice than in wild-type mice. In adrenalectomized kl/kl mice, spironolactone treatment still significantly ameliorated aortic osteoinductive reprogramming. Our findings suggest that VSMCs express aldosterone synthase, which is up-regulated by phosphate-induced disruption of APEX1-dependent gene suppression. Vascular CYP11B2 may contribute to stimulation of VSMCs osteo-/chondrogenic transformation during hyperphosphatemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Alesutan
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité University Medicine, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jakob Voelkl
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité University Medicine, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martina Feger
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Denise V Kratschmar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and the National Center for Excellence in Research NCCR Kidney.CH, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tatsiana Castor
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sobuj Mia
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Sacherer
- Div. of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz and Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Translational Heart Failure Research, Graz, Austria
| | - Robert Viereck
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Borst
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Meinrad Gawaz
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Makoto Kuro-O
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Stefan Pilz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Tomaschitz
- Div. of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz and Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Translational Heart Failure Research, Graz, Austria
- Bad Gleichenberg Clinic, Bad Gleichenberg, Austria
| | - Alex Odermatt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and the National Center for Excellence in Research NCCR Kidney.CH, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Burkert Pieske
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité University Medicine, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, German Heart Center Berlin (DHZB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten A Wagner
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, and the National Center for Excellence in Research NCCR Kidney, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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39
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Mencke R, Hillebrands JL. The role of the anti-ageing protein Klotho in vascular physiology and pathophysiology. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 35:124-146. [PMID: 27693241 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Klotho is an anti-ageing protein that functions in many pathways that govern ageing, like regulation of phosphate homeostasis, insulin signaling, and Wnt signaling. Klotho expression levels and levels in blood decline during ageing. The vascular phenotype of Klotho deficiency features medial calcification, intima hyperplasia, endothelial dysfunction, arterial stiffening, hypertension, and impaired angiogenesis and vasculogenesis, with characteristics similar to aged human arteries. Klotho-deficient phenotypes can be prevented and rescued by Klotho gene expression or protein supplementation. High phosphate levels are likely to be directly pathogenic and are a prerequisite for medial calcification, but more important determinants are pathways that regulate cellular senescence, suggesting that deficiency of Klotho renders cells susceptible to phosphate toxicity. Overexpression of Klotho is shown to ameliorate medial calcification, endothelial dysfunction, and hypertension. Endogenous vascular Klotho expression is a controversial subject and, currently, no compelling evidence exists that supports the existence of vascular membrane-bound Klotho expression, as expressed in kidney. In vitro, Klotho has been shown to decrease oxidative stress and apoptosis in both SMCs and ECs, to reduce SMC calcification, to maintain the contractile SMC phenotype, and to prevent μ-calpain overactivation in ECs. Klotho has many protective effects with regard to the vasculature and constitutes a very promising therapeutic target. The purpose of this review is to explore the etiology of the vascular phenotype of Klotho deficiency and the therapeutic potential of Klotho in vascular disease.
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40
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Hum JM, O'Bryan LM, Tatiparthi AK, Cass TA, Clinkenbeard EL, Cramer MS, Bhaskaran M, Johnson RL, Wilson JM, Smith RC, White KE. Chronic Hyperphosphatemia and Vascular Calcification Are Reduced by Stable Delivery of Soluble Klotho. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 28:1162-1174. [PMID: 27837149 PMCID: PMC5373441 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015111266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
αKlotho (αKL) regulates mineral metabolism, and diseases associated with αKL deficiency are characterized by hyperphosphatemia and vascular calcification (VC). αKL is expressed as a membrane-bound protein (mKL) and recognized as the coreceptor for fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) and a circulating soluble form (cKL) created by endoproteolytic cleavage of mKL. The functions of cKL with regard to phosphate metabolism are unclear. We tested the ability of cKL to regulate pathways and phenotypes associated with hyperphosphatemia in a mouse model of CKD-mineral bone disorder and αKL-null mice. Stable delivery of adeno-associated virus (AAV) expressing cKL to diabetic endothelial nitric oxide synthase-deficient mice or αKL-null mice reduced serum phosphate levels. Acute injection of recombinant cKL downregulated the renal sodium-phosphate cotransporter Npt2a in αKL-null mice supporting direct actions of cKL in the absence of mKL. αKL-null mice with sustained AAV-cKL expression had a 74%-78% reduction in aorta mineral content and a 72%-77% reduction in mineral volume compared with control-treated counterparts (P<0.01). Treatment of UMR-106 osteoblastic cells with cKL + FGF23 increased the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and induced Fgf23 expression. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletion of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) or pretreatment with inhibitors of mitogen-activated kinase kinase 1 or FGFR ablated these responses. In summary, sustained cKL treatment reduced hyperphosphatemia in a mouse model of CKD-mineral bone disorder, and it reduced hyperphosphatemia and prevented VC in mice without endogenous αKL. Furthermore, cKL stimulated Fgf23 in an FGFR1-dependent manner in bone cells. Collectively, these findings indicate that cKL has mKL-independent activity and suggest the potential for enhancing cKL activity in diseases of hyperphosphatemia with associated VC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Hum
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Division of Molecular Genetics and Gene Therapy, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Linda M O'Bryan
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories
| | - Arun K Tatiparthi
- Lead Optimization Toxicology and Pharmacology, Covance Inc., Greenfield, Indiana
| | - Taryn A Cass
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Division of Molecular Genetics and Gene Therapy, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Erica L Clinkenbeard
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Division of Molecular Genetics and Gene Therapy, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Martin S Cramer
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories
| | | | | | - Jonathan M Wilson
- Tailored Therapeutics, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana; and
| | | | - Kenneth E White
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Division of Molecular Genetics and Gene Therapy, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana;
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41
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Liu XM, Peyton KJ, Durante W. Ammonia promotes endothelial cell survival via the heme oxygenase-1-mediated release of carbon monoxide. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 102:37-46. [PMID: 27867098 PMCID: PMC5209302 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Although endothelial cells produce substantial quantities of ammonia during cell metabolism, the physiologic role of this gas in these cells is not known. In this study, we investigated if ammonia regulates the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and if this enzyme influences the biological actions of ammonia on endothelial cells. Exogenously administered ammonia, given as ammonium chloride or ammonium hydroxide, or endogenously generated ammonia stimulated HO-1 protein expression in cultured human and murine endothelial cells. Dietary supplementation of ammonia also induced HO-1 protein expression in murine arteries. The increase in HO-1 protein by ammonia in endothelial cells was first detected 4h after ammonia exposure and was associated with the induction of HO-1 mRNA, enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and increased expression and activity of NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2). Ammonia also activated the HO-1 promoter and this was blocked by mutating the antioxidant responsive element or by overexpressing dominant-negative Nrf2. The induction of HO-1 expression by ammonia was dependent on ROS formation and prevented by N-acetylcysteine or rotenone. Finally, prior treatment of endothelial cells with ammonia inhibited tumor necrosis factor-α-stimulated cell death. However, silencing HO-1 expression abrogated the protective action of ammonia and this was reversed by the administration of carbon monoxide but not bilirubin or iron. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that ammonia stimulates the expression of HO-1 in endothelial cells via the ROS-Nrf2 pathway, and that the induction of HO-1 contributes to the cytoprotective action of ammonia by generating carbon monoxide. Moreover, it identifies ammonia as a potentially important signaling gas in the vasculature that promotes endothelial cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ming Liu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, M409 Medical Sciences Building, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Kelly J Peyton
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, M409 Medical Sciences Building, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - William Durante
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, M409 Medical Sciences Building, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
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42
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Nguyen TT, Quan X, Xu S, Das R, Cha SK, Kong ID, Shong M, Wollheim CB, Park KS. Intracellular alkalinization by phosphate uptake via type III sodium-phosphate cotransporter participates in high-phosphate-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress and defective insulin secretion. FASEB J 2016; 30:3979-3988. [PMID: 27565711 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600455rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Elevated plasma levels of inorganic phosphate (Pi) are harmful, causing, among other complications, vascular calcification and defective insulin secretion. The underlying molecular mechanisms of these complications remain poorly understood. We demonstrated the role of Pi transport across the plasmalemma on Pi toxicity in INS-1E rat clonal β cells and rat pancreatic islet cells. Type III sodium-phosphate cotransporters (NaPis) are the predominant Pi transporters expressed in insulin-secreting cells. Transcript and protein levels of sodium-dependent phosphate transporter 1 and 2 (PiT-1 and -2), isotypes of type III NaPi, were up-regulated by high-Pi incubation. In patch-clamp experiments, extracellular Pi elicited a Na+-dependent, inwardly rectifying current, which was markedly reduced under acidic extracellular conditions. Cellular uptake of Pi elicited cytosolic alkalinization; intriguingly, this pH change facilitated Pi transport into the mitochondrial matrix. Increased mitochondrial Pi uptake accelerated superoxide generation, mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT), and endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated translational attenuation, leading to reduced insulin content and impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Silencing of PiT-1/2 prevented Pi-induced superoxide generation and mPT, and restored insulin secretion. We propose that Pi transport across the plasma membrane and consequent cytosolic alkalinization could be a therapeutic target for protection from Pi toxicity in insulin-secreting cells, as well as in other cell types.-Nguyen, T. T., Quan, X., Xu, S., Das, R., Cha, S.-K., Kong, I. D., Shong, M., Wollheim, C. B., Park, K.-S. Intracellular alkalinization by phosphate uptake via type III sodium-phosphate cotransporter participates in high-phosphate-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress and defective insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuyet Thi Nguyen
- Department of Physiology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea.,Department of Physiology, Tan-Tao University College of Medicine, Long An, Vietnam
| | - Xianglan Quan
- Department of Physiology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Shanhua Xu
- Department of Physiology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Ranjan Das
- Department of Physiology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Seung-Kuy Cha
- Department of Physiology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea.,Mitohormesis Translational Research Center, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - In Deok Kong
- Department of Physiology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Minho Shong
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea; and
| | - Claes B Wollheim
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kyu-Sang Park
- Department of Physiology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea; .,Mitohormesis Translational Research Center, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
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43
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Chen W, Melamed ML, Hostetter TH, Bauer C, Raff AC, Almudevar AL, Lalonde A, Messing S, Abramowitz MK. Effect of oral sodium bicarbonate on fibroblast growth factor-23 in patients with chronic kidney disease: a pilot study. BMC Nephrol 2016; 17:114. [PMID: 27495287 PMCID: PMC4974735 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-016-0331-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The regulation of fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) secretion in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is incompletely understood. An in vitro study showed that metabolic acidosis increased FGF23 in mouse bone. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of oral sodium bicarbonate on circulating FGF23 levels in patients with CKD. Methods This was a single-blind pilot study. Twenty adults with estimated glomerular filtration rate between 15–45 mL/min/1.73 m2 and serum bicarbonate between 20–24 mEq/L were treated with placebo for 2 weeks, followed by increasing doses of oral sodium bicarbonate (0.3, 0.6 and 1.0 mEq/kg/day) in 2 week intervals for a total of 6 weeks. C-terminal FGF23 levels were measured at the initial visit, after 2 weeks of placebo and after 6 weeks of bicarbonate therapy. Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test was used to compare FGF23 before and after sodium bicarbonate. Results After 6 weeks of oral sodium bicarbonate, the median FGF23 increased significantly from 150.9 RU/mL (IQR 107.7–267.43) to 191.4 RU/mL (IQR 132.6–316.9) (p = 0.048) and this persisted after excluding participants who received activated vitamin D. Conclusions FGF23 increased after short-term oral sodium bicarbonate therapy in patients with CKD and mild metabolic acidosis. It is unclear whether this was due to the alkalinizing effect of sodium bicarbonate or other factors. Trial registration The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00888290) on April 23, 2009.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 675, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
| | - Michal L Melamed
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.,Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Thomas H Hostetter
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Carolyn Bauer
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Amanda C Raff
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Anthony L Almudevar
- Department of Biostatistics & Computation Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Amy Lalonde
- Department of Biostatistics & Computation Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Susan Messing
- Department of Biostatistics & Computation Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Matthew K Abramowitz
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.,Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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44
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Abstract
Bone and heart health are linked through a variety of cellular, endocrine, and metabolic mechanisms, including the bidirectional effects of mineral-regulating hormones parathyroid hormone and fibroblast growth factor 23. Nutrition plays an important role in the development of both cardiovascular and bone disease. This review describes current knowledge on the relations between the cardiovascular system and bone and the influence of key nutrients involved in mineral metabolism-calcium, vitamin D, and phosphorus-on heart and bone health, as well as the racial/ethnic differences in cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis and the influence that nutrition has on these disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Connie M Weaver
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Dwight A Towler
- Internal Medicine/Endocrine Division, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; and
| | | | - Regan L Bailey
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN; Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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45
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Leibrock CB, Voelkl J, Kuro-O M, Lang F, Lang UE. 1,25(OH)2D3 dependent overt hyperactivity phenotype in klotho-hypomorphic mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24879. [PMID: 27109615 PMCID: PMC4843009 DOI: 10.1038/srep24879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Klotho, a protein mainly expressed in kidney and cerebral choroid plexus, is a powerful regulator of 1,25(OH)2D3 formation. Klotho-deficient mice (kl/kl) suffer from excessive plasma 1,25(OH)2D3-, Ca2+- and phosphate-concentrations, leading to severe soft tissue calcification and accelerated aging. NH4Cl treatment prevents tissue calcification and premature ageing without affecting 1,25(OH)2D3-formation. The present study explored the impact of excessive 1,25(OH)2D3 formation in NH4Cl-treated kl/kl-mice on behavior. To this end kl/kl-mice and wild-type mice were treated with NH4Cl and either control diet or vitamin D deficient diet (LVD). As a result, plasma 1,25(OH)2D3-, Ca2+- and phosphate-concentrations were significantly higher in untreated and in NH4Cl-treated kl/kl-mice than in wild-type mice, a difference abrogated by LVD. In each, open field, dark-light box, and O-maze NH4Cl-treated kl/kl-mice showed significantly higher exploratory behavior than untreated wild-type mice, a difference abrogated by LVD. The time of floating in the forced swimming test was significantly shorter in NH4Cl treated kl/kl-mice compared to untreated wild-type mice and to kl/kl-mice on LVD. In wild-type animals, NH4Cl treatment did not significantly alter 1,25(OH)2D3, calcium and phosphate concentrations or exploratory behavior. In conclusion, the excessive 1,25(OH)2D3 formation in klotho-hypomorphic mice has a profound effect on murine behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina B Leibrock
- Department of Physiology, Cardiology &Vascular Medicine, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jakob Voelkl
- Department of Physiology, Cardiology &Vascular Medicine, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Makoto Kuro-O
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology, Cardiology &Vascular Medicine, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Undine E Lang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, CH-4012 Basel, Switzerland
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46
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Wesson DE. Is NaHCO3 an antiaging elixir? Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 311:F182-3. [PMID: 27029429 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00521.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Donald E Wesson
- Baylor Scott and White Health, Temple, Texas; and Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M Health Sciences Center College of Medicine, Temple, Texas
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47
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Leibrock CB, Voelkl J, Kohlhofer U, Quintanilla-Martinez L, Kuro-O M, Lang F. Bicarbonate-sensitive calcification and lifespan of klotho-deficient mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2015; 310:F102-8. [PMID: 26538435 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00037.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Klotho, a protein counteracting aging, is a powerful inhibitor of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] formation and regulator of mineral metabolism. In klotho hypomorphic (kl/kl) mice, excessive 1,25(OH)2D3 formation leads to hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia and vascular calcification, severe growth deficits, accelerated aging and early death. Kl/kl mice further suffer from extracellular volume depletion and hypotension, leading to the stimulation of antidiuretic hormone and aldosterone release. A vitamin D-deficient diet, restriction of dietary phosphate, inhibition of mineralocorticoid receptors with spironolactone, and dietary NaCl all extend the lifespan of kl/kl mice. Kl/kl mice suffer from acidosis. The present study explored whether replacement of tap drinking water by 150 mM NaHCO3 affects the growth, tissue calcification, and lifespan of kl/kl mice. As a result, NaHCO3 administration to kl/kl mice did not reverse the growth deficit but substantially decreased tissue calcification and significantly increased the average lifespan from 78 to 127 days. NaHCO3 did not significantly affect plasma concentrations of 1,25(OH)2D3 and Ca(2+) but significantly decreased plasma phosphate concentration and plasma aldosterone concentration. The present study reveals a novel effect of bicarbonate, i.e., a favorable influence on vascular calcification and early death of klotho-deficient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jakob Voelkl
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ursula Kohlhofer
- Department of Pathology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; and
| | | | - Makoto Kuro-O
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany;
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Acetazolamide sensitive tissue calcification and aging of klotho-hypomorphic mice. J Mol Med (Berl) 2015; 94:95-106. [PMID: 26307633 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-015-1331-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Klotho, a protein expressed mainly in the kidney, is required for the inhibitory effect of FGF23 on renal 1,25(OH)2D3 formation. Klotho counteracts vascular calcification and diverse age-related disorders. Klotho-hypomorphic mice (kl/kl) suffer from severe vascular calcification and rapid aging. The calcification is at least in part caused by excessive 1,25(OH)2D3, Ca(2+), and phosphate concentrations in blood, which trigger osteogenic signaling including upregulation of alkaline phosphatase (Alpl). As precipitation of calcium and phosphate is fostered by alkaline pH, extracellular acidosis could counteract tissue calcification. In order to induce acidosis, acetazolamide was added to drinking water (0.8 g/l) of kl/kl and wild-type mice. As a result, acetazolamide treatment of kl/kl mice partially reversed the growth deficit, tripled the life span, almost completely reversed the calcifications in trachea, lung, kidney, stomach, intestine, and vascular tissues, the excessive aortic alkaline phosphatase mRNA levels and the plasma concentrations of osteoprotegerin, osteopontin as well as fetuin-A, without significantly decreasing FGF23, 1,25(OH)2D3, Ca(2+), and phosphate plasma concentrations. In primary human aortic smooth muscle cells, acidotic environment prevented phosphate-induced alkaline phosphatase mRNA expression. The present study reveals a completely novel effect of acetazolamide, i.e., interference with osteoinductive signaling and tissue calcification in kl/kl mice. KEY MESSAGES Klotho deficient (kl/kl) mice suffer from hyperphosphatemia with dramatic tissue calcification. Acetazolamide (ACM) treatment partially reversed the growth deficit of kl/kl mice. In kl/kl mice, ACM reversed tissue calcification despite continued hyperphosphatemia. ACM tripled the life span of kl/kl mice. In human aortic smooth muscle cells, low extracellular pH prevented osteogenic signaling.
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