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Rosendal C, Arlien-Søborg MC, Nielsen EH, Andersen MS, Feltoft CL, Kistorp C, Dekkers OM, Jørgensen JOL, Dal J. The changing landscape of acromegaly - an epidemiological perspective. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2024; 25:691-705. [PMID: 38337125 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-024-09875-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Acromegaly is a rare disease and thus challenging to accurately quantify epidemiologically. In this comprehensive literature review, we compare different approaches to studying acromegaly from an epidemiological perspective and describe the temporal evolution of the disease pertaining to epidemiological variables, clinical presentation and mortality. We present updated epidemiological data from the population-based Danish cohort of patients with acromegaly (AcroDEN), along with meta-analyses of existing estimates from around the world.Based on this, we conclude that the incidence, prevalence and age at acromegaly diagnosis are all steadily increasing, but with considerable variation between studies. An increased number of incidental cases may contribute to the increase in incidence and age at diagnosis, respectively. The clinical features at presentation are trending toward a milder disease phenotype at diagnosis, and advances in therapeutic options have reduced the mortality of patients with acromegaly to a level similar to that of the general population. Moreover, the underlying cause of death has shifted from cardiovascular to malignant neoplastic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Rosendal
- Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.
| | | | | | | | - Claus Larsen Feltoft
- Department of Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Caroline Kistorp
- Department of Hormone and Metabolism, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Olaf M Dekkers
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Aarhus KEA, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Jakob Dal
- Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center North Jutland, Aalborg, Denmark
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Evaluating pituitary adenomas using national research databases: systematic review of the quality of reporting based on the STROBE scale. Neurosurg Rev 2022; 45:3801-3815. [DOI: 10.1007/s10143-022-01888-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Crisafulli S, Fontana A, L'Abbate L, Ientile V, Gianfrilli D, Cozzolino A, De Martino MC, Ragonese M, Sultana J, Barone-Adesi F, Trifirò G. Development and testing of diagnostic algorithms to identify patients with acromegaly in Southern Italian claims databases. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15843. [PMID: 36151305 PMCID: PMC9508179 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20295-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Acromegaly is a rare disease characterized by an excessive production of growth-hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1, typically resulting from a GH-secreting pituitary adenoma. This study was aimed at comparing and measuring accuracy of newly and previously developed coding algorithms for the identification of acromegaly using Italian claims databases. This study was conducted between January 2015 and December 2018, using data from the claims databases of Caserta Local Health Unit (LHU) and Sicily Region in Southern Italy. To detect acromegaly cases from the general target population, four algorithms were developed using combinations of diagnostic, surgical procedure and co-payment exemption codes, pharmacy claims and specialist’s visits. Algorithm accuracy was assessed by measuring the Youden Index, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values. The percentage of positive cases for each algorithm ranged from 7.9 (95% CI 6.4–9.8) to 13.8 (95% CI 11.7–16.2) per 100,000 inhabitants in Caserta LHU and from 7.8 (95% CI 7.1–8.6) to 16.4 (95% CI 15.3–17.5) in Sicily Region. Sensitivity of the different algorithms ranged from 71.1% (95% CI 54.1–84.6%) to 84.2% (95% CI 68.8–94.0%), while specificity was always higher than 99.9%. The algorithm based on the presence of claims suggestive of acromegaly in ≥ 2 different databases (i.e., hospital discharge records, copayment exemptions registry, pharmacy claims and specialist visits registry) achieved the highest Youden Index (84.2) and the highest positive predictive value (34.8; 95% CI 28.6–41.6). We tested four algorithms to identify acromegaly cases using claims databases with high sensitivity and Youden Index. Despite identifying rare diseases using real-world data is challenging, this study showed that robust validity testing may yield the identification of accurate coding algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Fontana
- Unit of Biostatistics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Luca L'Abbate
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, P.le L.A. Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Valentina Ientile
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Daniele Gianfrilli
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Cozzolino
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Marta Ragonese
- Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood "G. Barresi" DETEV, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Janet Sultana
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Francesco Barone-Adesi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,Research Center in Emergency and Disaster Medicine (CRIMEDIM), University Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Gianluca Trifirò
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, P.le L.A. Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy.
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Dekkers AJ, de Vries F, Zamanipoor Najafabadi AH, van der Hoeven EM, Verstegen MJT, Pereira AM, van Furth WR, Biermasz NR. Costs and Its Determinants in Pituitary Tumour Surgery. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:905019. [PMID: 35872986 PMCID: PMC9302462 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.905019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Value-based healthcare (VBHC) provides a framework to improve care by improving patient outcomes and reducing healthcare costs. To support value-based decision making in clinical practice we evaluated healthcare costs and cost drivers in perioperative care for pituitary tumour patients. METHODS We retrospectively assessed financial and clinical data for surgical treatment up to the first year after surgery of pituitary tumour patients treated between 2015 and 2018 in a Dutch tertiary referral centre. Multivariable regression analyses were performed to identify determinants of higher costs. RESULTS 271 patients who underwent surgery were included. Mean total costs (SD) were €16339 (13573) per patient, with the following cost determinants: surgery time (€62 per minute; 95% CI: 50, 74), length of stay (€1331 per day; 95% CI 1139, 1523), admission to higher care unit (€12154 in total; 95% CI 6413, 17895), emergency surgery (€10363 higher than elective surgery; 95% CI: 1422, 19305) and postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leak (€14232; 95% CI 9667, 18797). Intradural (€7128; 95% CI 10421, 23836) and combined transsphenoidal/transcranial surgery (B: 38494; 95% CI 29191, 47797) were associated with higher costs than standard. Further, higher costs were found in these baseline conditions: Rathke's cleft cyst (€9201 higher than non-functioning adenoma; 95% CI 1173, 17230), giant adenoma (€19106 higher than microadenoma; 95% CI 12336, 25877), third ventricle invasion (€14613; 95% CI 7613, 21613) and dependent functional status (€12231; 95% CI 3985, 20477). In patients with uncomplicated course, costs were €8879 (3210) and with complications €17551 (14250). CONCLUSIONS Length of hospital stay, and complications are the main drivers of costs in perioperative pituitary tumour healthcare as were some baseline features, e.g. larger tumors, cysts and dependent functional status. Costs analysis may correspond with healthcare resource utilization and guide further individualized care path development and capacity planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alies J. Dekkers
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Pituitary Center and Center for Endocrine Tumors, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Medicine, Center for Endocrine Tumours Leiden, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Alies J. Dekkers,
| | - Friso de Vries
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Pituitary Center and Center for Endocrine Tumors, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Medicine, Center for Endocrine Tumours Leiden, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Amir H. Zamanipoor Najafabadi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Center, University Neurosurgical Center Holland, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Marco J. T. Verstegen
- Department of Medicine, Center for Endocrine Tumours Leiden, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Center, University Neurosurgical Center Holland, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Alberto M. Pereira
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Pituitary Center and Center for Endocrine Tumors, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Medicine, Center for Endocrine Tumours Leiden, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wouter R. van Furth
- Department of Medicine, Center for Endocrine Tumours Leiden, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Center, University Neurosurgical Center Holland, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Nienke R. Biermasz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Pituitary Center and Center for Endocrine Tumors, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Medicine, Center for Endocrine Tumours Leiden, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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van der Meulen M, Zamanipoor Najafabadi AH, Lobatto DJ, van den Hout WB, Andela CD, Zandbergen IM, Pereira AM, van Furth WR, Vliet Vlieland TPM, Biermasz NR. Healthcare utilization and costs among prolactinoma patients: a cross-sectional study and analysis of determinants. Pituitary 2021; 24:79-95. [PMID: 33025546 PMCID: PMC7864816 DOI: 10.1007/s11102-020-01089-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prolactinomas are the most prevalent functioning pituitary adenomas. They affect gonadal function as well as health-related quality of life (HRQoL). This study aimed to report healthcare utilization and costs, including their determinants, for prolactinoma patients. METHODS Cross-sectional study of 116 adult prolactinoma patients in chronic care in a Dutch tertiary referral center. Patients completed four validated questionnaires, assessing healthcare utilization and costs over the previous 12 months (Medical Consumption Questionnaire), disease bother and needs (Leiden Bother and Needs Questionnaire Pituitary), HRQoL (Short Form-36), and self-reported health status (EuroQol 5D). Regression analyses were used to assess associations between disease-related characteristics and healthcare utilization and costs. RESULTS Mean age was 52.0 years (SD 13.7) and median follow-up was 15.0 years (IQR 7.6-26.1). Patients visited the endocrinologist (86.2%), general practitioner (37.9%), and ophthalmologist (25.0%) most frequently. Psychological care was used by 12.9% of patients and 5% were admitted to hospital. Mean annual healthcare costs were €1928 (SD 3319), mainly for pituitary-specific medication (37.6% of total costs), hospitalization (19.4%) and specialist care (16.1%). Determinants for higher healthcare utilization and costs were greater disease bother and needs for support, lower HRQoL, elevated prolactin, and longer disease duration, while tumor size, hypopituitarism and adrenal insufficiency were not significantly associated with healthcare utilization and costs. CONCLUSION Healthcare utilization and costs of prolactinoma patients are related to patient-reported HRQoL, bother by disease and needs for support. Therefore, addressing patients' HRQoL and needs is a way forward to improve efficiency of care and patients' health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merel van der Meulen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Pituitary Center and Center for Endocrine Tumors, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Amir H Zamanipoor Najafabadi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Pituitary Center and Center for Endocrine Tumors, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- University Neurosurgical Centre Holland, Leiden University Medical Centre, Haaglanden Medical Centre and Haga Teaching Hospital, Leiden, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel J Lobatto
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Pituitary Center and Center for Endocrine Tumors, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- University Neurosurgical Centre Holland, Leiden University Medical Centre, Haaglanden Medical Centre and Haga Teaching Hospital, Leiden, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Wilbert B van den Hout
- Department of Medical Decision Making & Quality of Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelie D Andela
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Pituitary Center and Center for Endocrine Tumors, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid M Zandbergen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Pituitary Center and Center for Endocrine Tumors, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alberto M Pereira
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Pituitary Center and Center for Endocrine Tumors, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter R van Furth
- University Neurosurgical Centre Holland, Leiden University Medical Centre, Haaglanden Medical Centre and Haga Teaching Hospital, Leiden, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Thea P M Vliet Vlieland
- Department of Orthopedics, Rehabilitation and Physical Therapy, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nienke R Biermasz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Pituitary Center and Center for Endocrine Tumors, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Ribeiro-Oliveira A, Brook RA, Munoz KA, Beren IA, Whalen JD, Kleinman NL, Yuen KCJ. Burden of acromegaly in the United States: increased health services utilization, location of care, and costs of care. J Med Econ 2021; 24:432-439. [PMID: 33663311 DOI: 10.1080/13696998.2021.1898968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited information is available on the utilization and healthcare costs among patients with acromegaly. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of acromegaly on healthcare utilization and costs by locations of care (LoC). METHODS Patients with acromegaly and controls were identified from an analysis of drug and medical claims filed from January 2010 to April 2019 from a US employer database. Each patient with acromegaly was matched with 20 random controls (without acromegaly) selected from the database. Claims were tracked for 12 months postdiagnosis (or matched date for controls). Outcomes by LoC, including costs, services, and likelihood of use, were compared using two-stage regression models or logistic regression models, controlling for demographic and job-related variables, and Charlson comorbidity index scores. RESULTS Claims from 60 patients with acromegaly and 1,200 controls were analyzed. Compared with the control group, patients with acromegaly had significantly higher likelihoods of receiving care in a physician's office [odds ratio > 1,000], inpatient [OR = 8.010], outpatient [OR = 12.656], laboratory [OR = 3.681], and 'other' locations [OR = 4.033] (all p < .001), except in an emergency department (ED). Significantly more services were performed at each LoC for those with acromegaly (p < .01) but not in an ED. Total costs were more than 5-fold higher for the acromegaly cohort compared with controls (p < .05). Costs by LoC were consistently higher (p < .001) for patients with acromegaly vs. controls, with mean annual cost differences greatest in outpatient hospital/clinic ($9,611 vs $1,355), inpatient ($8,646 vs $739), physicians' office ($4,762 vs $1,301), other ($2,001 vs $367), and laboratory ($508 vs $66). ED-related treatment costs were not significantly different between cohorts. CONCLUSIONS Compared with matched controls, patients with acromegaly were more likely to utilize healthcare services in nearly all LoCs and accrue higher expenditures at each LoC, with the exception of ED services.
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Guo X, Wang K, Yu S, Gao L, Wang Z, Zhu H, Xing B, Zhang S, Dong D. Patient Characteristics, Diagnostic Delays, Treatment Patterns, Treatment Outcomes, Comorbidities, and Treatment Costs of Acromegaly in China: A Nationwide Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:610519. [PMID: 33335513 PMCID: PMC7736552 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.610519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Acromegaly is a rare, intractable endocrine disease. We aimed to describe the patient characteristics, diagnostic delays, treatment patterns, treatment outcomes, comorbidities and treatment costs of acromegaly in China. Methods This is a nationwide cross-sectional study. Patients diagnosed with and treated for acromegaly between 1996 and 2019 across China were surveyed via the Chinese Association of Patients with Acromegaly platform. Results In total, 473 patients (58.8% females, mean age at diagnosis: 39.4±9.5 years) were included. The median disease duration was 3 years. The most common symptoms were extremity enlargement (91.8%) and facial changes (90.1%). Overall, 63.0% of patients experienced diagnostic delays within healthcare systems; 63.8% of the delays were <1 year. The most common first-line therapy was surgery with a transsphenoidal (76.1%) or transcranial approach (3.2%). Somatostatin analogues or dopamine agonists were administered in 20.5% of the patients as first-line therapies and in 41.7% as adjuvant therapies. Radiotherapy was performed in 32.1% of patients, 99.3% of whom received radiotherapy as an adjuvant therapy. After a median 5-year follow-up, 46.2% achieved biochemical control. Comorbidities were reported in 88.2% of the patients at follow-up; memory deterioration and thyroid nodules were the most common. Controlled patients had greater improvements in symptoms and comorbidities during follow-up than uncontrolled patients. The annual per-capita cost-of-treatment was $11013 in 2018, with medical treatments being the largest contributor (67%). Medical insurance covered 47.2% of all treatment costs. Conclusion This study provides the first comprehensive description of real-world acromegaly data in China, serving as a basis for future population-based studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- China Pituitary Disease Registry Center, Beijing, China
- China Pituitary Adenoma Specialist Council, Beijing, China
| | - Kailu Wang
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Siyue Yu
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lu Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- China Pituitary Disease Registry Center, Beijing, China
- China Pituitary Adenoma Specialist Council, Beijing, China
| | - Zihao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- China Pituitary Disease Registry Center, Beijing, China
- China Pituitary Adenoma Specialist Council, Beijing, China
| | - Huijuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- China Pituitary Disease Registry Center, Beijing, China
- China Pituitary Adenoma Specialist Council, Beijing, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Xing
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- China Pituitary Disease Registry Center, Beijing, China
- China Pituitary Adenoma Specialist Council, Beijing, China
- China Alliance of Rare Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyang Zhang
- China Alliance of Rare Diseases, Beijing, China
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Dong
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
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Matsubayashi K, Kawakami K. Prevalence, incidence, comorbidities, and treatment patterns among Japanese patients with acromegaly: a descriptive study using a nationwide claims database. Endocr J 2020; 67:997-1006. [PMID: 32522909 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej20-0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological data of rare diseases are important for understanding disease burden, improving treatment, and planning healthcare systems. However, those of acromegaly in Japan are not well known. Our study aimed to describe the prevalence, incidence, prediagnostic comorbidities, and treatment patterns of patients with acromegaly in Japan. Using the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan, we retrospectively identified 12,713 patients with acromegaly aged ≥20 years between January 2014 and December 2017 (the prevalence cohort), 2,552 newly diagnosed patients between January 2013 and December 2017 (the incidence and comorbidity cohort), and 2,125 patients enrolled in the database at least 365 days after the diagnosis (the treatment-pattern cohort). The average annual prevalence in 2015-2017 was 9.2 cases per 100,000 in the prevalence cohort, and the average annual incidence in 2013-2017 was 0.49 cases per 100,000 in the incidence and comorbidity cohort. The most common prediagnostic comorbidities included hypertension (43%), diabetes (37%), and hyperlipidemia (27%). In the treatment-pattern cohort, 54% and 45% of patients received surgery and medical treatment as the primary treatment, respectively. Between the first surgery and 365 days after diagnosis, 15% of the patients in this cohort received medical treatment as the secondary treatment, mostly with somatostatin analogs (83%). Of the 1,569 patients who underwent surgery, 29% received medical treatment before surgery. The prevalence and incidence of acromegaly in Japan were similar to those in other countries. This epidemiological study provides the basis for better management of acromegaly nationwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Matsubayashi
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Koji Kawakami
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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9
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Su J, Bylsma LC, Jiang X, Morales Arias J, Jain N, Nordyke RJ. Healthcare resource utilization among commercially insured patients with cold agglutinin disease in the United States. J Med Econ 2020; 23:902-907. [PMID: 32362156 DOI: 10.1080/13696998.2020.1764006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Aims: Cold agglutinin disease (CAD) is a rare subtype of autoimmune hemolytic anemia associated with increased thromboembolism risk and early mortality. Healthcare resource utilization (HRU) in CAD has not been reported. We aimed to compare HRU of patients with CAD with a matched non-CAD cohort in the United States.Materials and methods: Patients with CAD were identified from 2006 to 2016 in the Optum-Humedica database using CAD terms in clinical notes and hematologist review. Patients were required to have Integrated Delivery Network records and ≥6 months' follow-up before and after the first CAD mention date (index date). Patients with CAD were matched to a non-CAD cohort based on demographics. Multivariate analyses assessed inpatient hospitalizations, outpatient visits, emergency room visits, and transfusion use between cohorts 6 months before and 12 months after the index date.Results: Of 814 patients with CAD, 410 met inclusion criteria and were matched to 3,390 patients without CAD. Mean age of patients with CAD was 68.0 years; approximately 62% were female. In the 12 months after the index date, mean inpatient hospitalizations (0.83 vs. 0.25), outpatient visits (17.26 vs. 6.77), emergency room visits (0.55 vs. 0.32), and transfusion days (1.05 vs. 0.05) were higher for patients with CAD than the matched non-CAD cohort (all p < .0001). Similarly, in the 6 months before the index date, patients with CAD had higher HRU than matched patients without CAD for all measures evaluated.Limitations: Results of this study are based on patient information from the Optum-Humedica database, which is limited to commercially insured patients and may not represent the overall CAD population.Conclusions: CAD places a substantial burden on patients and healthcare systems. In addition, the high HRU for patients with CAD observed in the 6 months before diagnosis indicates that disease awareness and better diagnostic practices may be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Su
- Sanofi, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lauren C Bylsma
- EpidStrategies, A Division of ToxStrategies, Inc, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xiaohui Jiang
- EpidStrategies, A Division of ToxStrategies, Inc, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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10
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Ding D, Mehta GU, Patibandla MR, Lee CC, Liscak R, Kano H, Pai FY, Kosak M, Sisterson ND, Martinez-Alvarez R, Martinez-Moreno N, Mathieu D, Grills IS, Blas K, Lee K, Cifarelli CP, Katsevman GA, Lee JYK, McShane B, Kondziolka D, Lunsford LD, Vance ML, Sheehan JP. Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Acromegaly: An International Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study. Neurosurgery 2020; 84:717-725. [PMID: 29757421 DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyy178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a treatment option for persistent or recurrent acromegaly secondary to a growth hormone secreting pituitary adenoma, but its efficacy is inadequately defined. OBJECTIVE To assess, in a multicenter, retrospective cohort study, the outcomes of SRS for acromegaly and determine predictors. METHODS We pooled and analyzed data from 10 participating institutions of the International Gamma Knife Research Foundation for patients with acromegaly who underwent SRS with endocrine follow-up of ≥6 mo. RESULTS The study cohort comprised 371 patients with a mean endocrine follow-up of 79 mo. IGF-1 lowering medications were held in 56% of patients who were on pre-SRS medical therapy. The mean SRS treatment volume and margin dose were 3.0 cm3 and 24.2 Gy, respectively. The actuarial rates of initial and durable endocrine remission at 10 yr were 69% and 59%, respectively. The mean time to durable remission after SRS was 38 mo. Biochemical relapse after initial remission occurred in 9%, with a mean time to recurrence of 17 mo. Cessation of IGF-1 lowering medication prior to SRS was the only independent predictor of durable remission (P = .01). Adverse radiation effects included the development of ≥1 new endocrinopathy in 26% and ≥1 cranial neuropathy in 4%. CONCLUSION SRS is a definitive treatment option for patients with persistent or recurrent acromegaly after surgical resection. There appears to be a statistical association between the cessation of IGF-1 lowering medications prior to SRS and durable remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Gautam U Mehta
- Department of Neurosurgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Cheng-Chia Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Roman Liscak
- Department of Stereotactic and Radiation Neurosurgery, Na Homolce Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hideyuki Kano
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Fu-Yuan Pai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mikulas Kosak
- 3rd Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nathaniel D Sisterson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - David Mathieu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Centre de recherche du CHUS, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Inga S Grills
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beaumont Health System, Royal Oak, Michigan
| | - Kevin Blas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beaumont Health System, Royal Oak, Michigan
| | - Kuei Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beaumont Health System, Royal Oak, Michigan
| | | | | | - John Y K Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brendan McShane
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Douglas Kondziolka
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - L Dade Lunsford
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mary Lee Vance
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.,Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Jason P Sheehan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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11
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Lobatto DJ, van den Hout WB, Zamanipoor Najafabadi AH, Steffens ANV, Andela CD, Pereira AM, Peul WC, van Furth WR, Biermasz NR, Vliet Vlieland TPM. Healthcare utilization and costs among patients with non-functioning pituitary adenomas. Endocrine 2019; 64:330-340. [PMID: 30903570 PMCID: PMC6531397 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-019-01847-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPA) have a substantial impact on patients' health status, yet research on the extent of healthcare utilization and costs among these patients is scarce. The objective was to determine healthcare usage, associated costs, and their determinants among patients treated for an NFPA. METHODS In a cross-sectional study, 167 patients treated for an NFPA completed four validated questionnaires. Annual healthcare utilization and associated costs were assessed through the medical consumption questionnaire (MTA iMCQ). In addition, the Leiden Bother and Needs Questionnaire for pituitary patients (LBNQ-Pituitary), Short Form-36 (SF-36), and EuroQol (EQ-5D) were administered. Furthermore, age, sex, endocrine status, treatment, and duration of follow-up were extracted from the medical records. Associations were analyzed using logistic/linear regression. RESULTS Annual healthcare utilization included: consultation of an endocrinologist (95% of patients), neurosurgeon (14%), and/or ophthalmologist (58%). Fourteen percent of patients had ≥1 hospitalization(s) and 11% ≥1 emergency room visit(s). Mean overall annual healthcare costs were € 3040 (SD 6498), highest expenditures included medication (31%), inpatient care (28%), and specialist care (17%). Factors associated with higher healthcare utilization and costs were greater self-perceived disease bother and need for support, worse mental and physical health status, younger age, and living alone. CONCLUSION Healthcare usage and costs among patients treated for an NFPA are substantial and were associated with self-perceived health status, disease bother, and healthcare needs rather than endocrine status, treatment, or duration of follow-up. These findings suggest that targeted interventions addressing disease bother and unmet needs in the chronic phase are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Lobatto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Wilbert B van den Hout
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Center for Endocrine Tumors, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Anath N V Steffens
- Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelie D Andela
- Medical Decision Making, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alberto M Pereira
- Medical Decision Making, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wilco C Peul
- Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center Haaglanden, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter R van Furth
- Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nienke R Biermasz
- Medical Decision Making, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thea P M Vliet Vlieland
- Department of Orthopaedics, Rehabilitation Medicine and Physical Therapy, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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12
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Kamusheva M, Rusenova Y, Vandeva S, Elenkova A, Zaharieva S, Doneva M, Mitkova Z, Petrova G. Economic and pharmaco-economic analysis of acromegaly treatment: a systematic review. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2019.1680317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kamusheva
- Department of Organization and Economics of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Yanitsa Rusenova
- Department of Organization and Economics of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Silvia Vandeva
- Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Atanaska Elenkova
- Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Sabina Zaharieva
- Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Miglena Doneva
- Department of Organization and Economics of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Zornitsa Mitkova
- Department of Organization and Economics of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Guenka Petrova
- Department of Organization and Economics of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
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13
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Orlewska E, Stępień R, Orlewska K. Cost-effectiveness of somatostatin analogues in the treatment of acromegaly. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 2018; 19:15-25. [PMID: 30122081 DOI: 10.1080/14737167.2018.1513330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Somatostatin analogues (SSAs) are the largest contributor to the direct medical cost of acromegaly management worldwide. The aim of this review was to identify and report available evidence on the cost-effectiveness of SSAs in the treatment of acromegaly. AREAS COVERED A literature search on relevant papers published up to April 2018 was performed. A total of 22 eligible studies (10 full-text articles and 12 conference abstracts) conducted in 14 countries were included in the analysis. In majority of studies, modelling technique was the principal research method. EXPERT COMMENTARY The results of cost-effectiveness analyses: 1) support published recommendations where SSAs are indicated as first-line medical treatment for patients with persistent disease after surgery or who are not eligible for surgery; 2) suggest that preoperative medical therapy with SSAs may be highly cost-effective in acromegalic patients with macroadenoma, in centres without optimal surgical results 3) indicate that in some countries pasireotide and pegvisomant appeared to be cost-effective or even dominant strategies in comparison to first-generation SSAs. The main limitation of economic evaluations was the lack of high-quality studies designed to directly compare various treatment strategies in acromegaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Orlewska
- a Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , The Jan Kochanowski University , Kielce , Poland
| | - Renata Stępień
- a Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , The Jan Kochanowski University , Kielce , Poland
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14
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Woodmansee WW, Gordon MB, Molitch ME, Ioachimescu AG, Carver DW, Mirakhur B, Cox D, Salvatori R. Screening for comorbid conditions in patients enrolled in the SODA registry: a 2-year observational analysis. Endocrine 2018; 61:105-117. [PMID: 29767287 PMCID: PMC5997114 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-018-1615-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This 2-year analysis assessed frequency of comorbidities and comorbidity screening in the Somatuline® (lanreotide, LAN) Depot for Acromegaly (SODA) registry. METHODS Patient data collected included pituitary hormone deficiencies, sleep studies, echocardiograms, gallbladder sonographies, colonoscopies, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and growth hormone levels in patients with (DM) and without (non-DM) diabetes mellitus were analyzed. RESULTS There were 241 patients enrolled. Pituitary hormone deficiencies were reported more frequently at enrollment in male (56.9%) vs female patients (32.0%; p < 0.001). TSH deficiency was the most common endocrine deficiency (69.8%), followed by gonadotropin deficiency (62.3%). Screening tests reported at enrollment: sleep studies in 29.9% (79.2% had sleep apnea), echocardiogram in 46.1% (46.8% abnormal), gallbladder sonography in 18.7% (17.8% had gallstones), and colonoscopy in 48.1% (35.3% had polyps). Follow-up studies were reported less frequently at 1 and 2 years. HbA1c data were reported in 30.8% and 41.2% after 1 and 2 years. HbA1c levels were similar at 1 and 2 years of LAN therapy among DM and non-DM patients with available data. Fewer DM vs non-DM patients achieved IGF-1 below upper limit of normal at Month 24 (58.3% vs 80.6%; p = 0.033). CONCLUSIONS Fewer than half of patients in SODA had screening results reported at enrollment for sleep apnea, cardiomyopathy, and colon polyps. Gallbladder imaging was reported in a minority of patients. Lower IGF-1 control rates were observed in DM vs non-DM patients at Month 24. These data suggest a need for better monitoring of comorbidities in US acromegaly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney W Woodmansee
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Murray B Gordon
- Allegheny Neuroendocrinology Center, Division of Endocrinology, Allegheny General Hospital, 420 E North Ave, Suite 205, Pittsburgh, PA, 15212, USA
| | - Mark E Molitch
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 645 N. Michigan Avenue, Suite 530, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Adriana G Ioachimescu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, and Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365 B Clifton Rd, NE, B6209, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Don W Carver
- Ipsen Biopharmaceuticals statistician consultant, 106 Allen Road, Basking Ridge, NJ, 07920, USA
| | - Beloo Mirakhur
- Medical Affairs, Ipsen Biopharmaceuticals, Inc., 106 Allen Road, Basking Ridge, NJ, 07920, USA
| | - David Cox
- Medical Affairs, Ipsen Biopharmaceuticals, Inc., 106 Allen Road, Basking Ridge, NJ, 07920, USA
| | - Roberto Salvatori
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and Pituitary Center, Johns Hopkins University, 1830 East Monument Street #333, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
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15
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Polanco-Briceno S, Glass D, Plunkett C. Communication practices and awareness of resources for acromegaly patients among endocrinologists. Patient Prefer Adherence 2016; 10:2531-2541. [PMID: 28008238 PMCID: PMC5167300 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s119570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was designed to assess the awareness and utilization of resources to improve patients' treatment experiences among endocrinologists who currently treat patients with acromegaly. METHODS A total of 4,280 US endocrinologists were randomly selected from the CMS National Plan and Provider Enumeration System and were invited by mail to participate in a 20-minute online survey. In order to qualify, respondents had to be the primary physician making treatment decisions for at least one patient for their acromegaly. RESULTS Results are based on responses from 126 physicians from primarily urban and suburban practices, with a median of five acromegaly patients. A total of 70% of patients are currently receiving drug therapy; among these, 91% are on octreotide (51%), lanreotide (29%), or pasireotide (11%), alone or in combination with another therapy. Nearly half of the respondents thought that the impact of patient adherence on therapy outcome for acromegaly was either not very (40%) or not at all (7%) significant. Respondents who believe patient adherence significantly impacts treatment outcome were significantly more likely to discuss automated adherence reminders (50% vs 26%; P=0.015), mobile administration programs (57% vs 35%; P=0.029), and symptom tracking (72% vs 42%; P=0.002). Overall, 44% of respondents routinely recommend education/emotional support programs, and 25% routinely recommend financial assistance programs. Respondents who believe patient adherence significantly impacts treatment outcome generally were more familiar with individual education and emotional support programs compared to those who do not, although they were not more likely to routinely refer patients to any of these resources. CONCLUSION There are unmet needs with respect to increasing awareness among physicians of the importance of patient adherence to therapy, resources available to patients, and how collaboration among patients, nurses, and physicians can improve adherence and overall treatment experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Polanco-Briceno
- Deerfield Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Correspondence: Susan Polanco-Briceno, Deerfield Institute, 780 Third Avenue, 37th floor, New York, NY 10017, USA, Tel +1 212 551 1600, Email
| | | | - Cindy Plunkett
- Department of Internal Medicine, Metabolism Endocrinology & Diabetes (MEND), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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