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Mao X, Chen X, Xu Z, Ding L, Luo W, Lin Y, Wang R, Xia L, Wang M, Li G. The identification of a N 6-methyladenosin-modifed immune pattern to predict immunotherapy response and survival in urothelial carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:205782. [PMID: 38696324 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulation of the immune system and N6-methyladenosine (m6A) contribute to immune therapy resistance and cancer progression in urothelial carcinoma (UC). This study aims to identify immune-related molecules, that are m6A-modified, and that are associated with tumor progression, poor prognosis, and immunotherapy response. METHODS We identified prognostic immune genes (PIGs) using Cox analysis and random survival forest variable hunting algorithm (RSF-VH) on immune genes retrieved from the Immunology Database and Analysis Portal database (ImmPort). The RM2Target database and MeRIP-seq analysis, combined with a hypergeometric test, assessed m6A methylation in these PIGs. We analyzed the correlation between the immune pattern and prognosis, as well as their association with clinical factors in multiple datasets. Moreover, we explored the interplay between immune patterns, tumor immune cell infiltration, and m6A regulators. RESULTS 28 PIGs were identified, of which the 10 most significant were termed methylated prognostic immune genes (MPIGs). These MPIGs were used to create an immune pattern score. Kaplan-Meier and Cox analyses indicated this pattern as an independent risk factor for UC. We observed significant associations between the immune pattern, tumor progression, and immune cell infiltration. Differential expression analysis showed correlations with m6A regulators expression. This immune pattern proved effective in predicting immunotherapy response in UC in real-world settings. CONCLUSION The study identified a m6A-modified immune pattern in UC, offering prognostic and therapeutic response predictions. This emphasizes that immune genes may influence tumor immune status and progression through m6A modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Mao
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Xianjiong Chen
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Zhehao Xu
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Lifeng Ding
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Wenqin Luo
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Yudong Lin
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Ruyue Wang
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Liqun Xia
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Mingchao Wang
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Gonghui Li
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
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Ba DM, Chinchilli VM, Cozzi AM, Bradley DP, Pichardo-Lowden AR. Association of pancreatitis with risk of diabetes: analysis of real-world data. Front Clin Diabetes Healthc 2024; 4:1326239. [PMID: 38264059 PMCID: PMC10803589 DOI: 10.3389/fcdhc.2023.1326239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Diabetes is a major cause of disease burden with considerable public health significance. While the pancreas plays a significant role in glucose homeostasis, the association between pancreatitis and new onset diabetes is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to examine that association using large real-world data. Materials and methods Utilizing the IBM® MarketScan® commercial claims database from 2016 to 2019, pancreatitis and diabetes regardless of diagnostic category, were identified using International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision [ICD-10] codes. We then performed descriptive analyses characterizing non-pancreatitis (NP), acute pancreatitis (AP), and chronic pancreatitis (CP) cohort subjects. Stratified Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of diabetes across the three clinical categories. Results In total, 310,962 individuals were included in the analysis. During 503,274 person-years of follow-up, we identified 15,951 incident diabetes cases. While men and women had higher incidence rates of CP and AP-related diabetes, the rates were significantly greater in men and highest among individuals with CP (91.6 per 1000 persons-years (PY)) followed by AP (75.9 per 1000-PY) as compared to those with NP (27.8 per 1000-PY). After adjustment for diabetes risk factors, relative to the NP group, the HR for future diabetes was 2.59 (95% CI: 2.45-2.74) (P<0.001) for the CP group, and 2.39 (95% CI: 2.30-2.48) (P<0.001) for the AP group. Conclusion Pancreatitis was associated with a high risk of diabetes independent of demographic, lifestyle, and comorbid conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djibril M. Ba
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Vernon M. Chinchilli
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Anna M. Cozzi
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - David P. Bradley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Ariana R. Pichardo-Lowden
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, United States
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Okada A, Honda A, Watanabe H, Sasabuchi Y, Aso S, Kurakawa KI, Nangaku M, Yamauchi T, Yasunaga H, Chikuda H, Kadowaki T, Yamaguchi S. Proteinuria screening and risk of bone fracture: a retrospective cohort study using a nationwide population-based database. Clin Kidney J 2024; 17:sfad302. [PMID: 38223337 PMCID: PMC10784970 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfad302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and hypothesis Proteinuria is associated with an increased risk of kidney function deterioration, cardiovascular disease, or cancer. Previous reports suggesting an association between kidney dysfunction and bone fracture may be confounded by concomitant proteinuria and were inconsistent regarding the association between proteinuria and bone fracture. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the association using a large administrative claims database in Japan. Methods Using the DeSC database, we retrospectively identified individuals with laboratory data including urine dipstick test between August 2014 and February 2021. We evaluated the association between proteinuria and vertebral or hip fracture using multivariable Cox regression analyses adjusted for various background factors including kidney function. We also performed subgroup analyses stratified by sex and kidney function and sensitivity analyses with Fine & Gray models considering death as a competing risk. Results We identified 603 766 individuals and observed 21 195 fractures. With reference to the negative proteinuria group, the hazard ratio for hip or vertebral fracture was 1.10 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.05-1.14] and 1.16 (95%CI, 1.11-1.22) in the trace and positive proteinuria group, respectively, in the Cox regression analysis. The subgroup analyses showed similar trends. The Fine & Gray model showed a subdistribution hazard ratio of 1.09 (95%CI, 1.05-1.14) in the trace proteinuria group and 1.15 (95% CI, 1.10-1.20) in the positive proteinuria group. Conclusions Proteinuria was associated with an increased risk of developing hip or vertebral fractures after adjustment for kidney function. Our results highlight the clinical importance of checking proteinuria for predicting bone fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Okada
- Department of Prevention of Diabetes and Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Honda
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hideaki Watanabe
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sasabuchi
- Department of Real World Evidence, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shotaro Aso
- Department of Real World Evidence, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kayo Ikeda Kurakawa
- Department of Prevention of Diabetes and Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaomi Nangaku
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Yamauchi
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideo Yasunaga
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Chikuda
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Takashi Kadowaki
- Department of Prevention of Diabetes and Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
- Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoko Yamaguchi
- Department of Prevention of Diabetes and Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Kanematsu Y, Kondo HX, Takano Y. Computational Exploration of Minimum Energy Reaction Pathway of N 2O Formation from Intermediate I of P450nor Using an Active Center Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17172. [PMID: 38139001 PMCID: PMC10743073 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
P450nor is a heme-containing enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of nitric oxide (NO) to nitrous oxide (N2O). Its catalytic mechanism has attracted attention in chemistry, biology, and environmental engineering. The catalytic cycle of P450nor is proposed to consist of three major steps. The reaction mechanism for the last step, N2O generation, remains unknown. In this study, the reaction pathway of the N2O generation from the intermediate I was explored with the B3LYP calculations using an active center model after the examination of the validity of the model. In the validation, we compared the heme distortions between P450nor and other oxidoreductases, suggesting a small effect of protein environment on the N2O generation reaction in P450nor. We then evaluated the electrostatic environment effect of P450nor on the hydride affinity to the active site with quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) calculations, confirming that the affinity was unchanged with or without the protein environment. The active center model for P450nor showed that the N2O generation process in the enzymatic reaction undergoes a reasonable barrier height without protein environment. Consequently, our findings strongly suggest that the N2O generation reaction from the intermediate I depends sorely on the intrinsic reactivity of the heme cofactor bound on cysteine residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kanematsu
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
- Graduate School of Information Sciences, Hiroshima City University, 3-4-1 Ozukahigashi Asaminamiku, Hiroshima 731-3194, Japan;
| | - Hiroko X. Kondo
- Graduate School of Information Sciences, Hiroshima City University, 3-4-1 Ozukahigashi Asaminamiku, Hiroshima 731-3194, Japan;
- Faculty of Engineering, Kitami Institute of Technology, 165 Koen-cho, Kitami 090-8507, Japan
| | - Yu Takano
- Graduate School of Information Sciences, Hiroshima City University, 3-4-1 Ozukahigashi Asaminamiku, Hiroshima 731-3194, Japan;
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Su CH, Yeh YC, Tsai JS, Tang CC. [Utilization of Hospice Resources in Adult Intensive Care Units: A Comparison Between Users and Non-Users]. Hu Li Za Zhi 2023; 70:48-57. [PMID: 37981883 DOI: 10.6224/jn.202312_70(6).07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The application of palliative care is limited and challenging in intensive care units (ICUs) because of complex factors such as time constraints and unpredictable disease progression. Although research results and international consensus stress the early use of palliative care, utilization remains low, resulting in increased risks of ineffective medical care and poor quality of death. Improving this situation requires a comprehensive understanding of the palliative condition in ICUs. PURPOSE This study was designed to investigate the utilization of hospice resources in adult ICUs and to compare this utilization between users and non-users. METHODS This retrospective correlation study recruited cases from the adult ICU database of a medical center in northern Taiwan between June and July 2022. Descriptive statistics, independent t-test and chi-square were used to analyze the data. RESULTS A total of 1,181 records were analyzed, including 458 (38.8%) females and 723 (61.2%) males. Two hundred and seventeen cases (18.4%) used hospice resources. Although 124 (10.4%) of the 1181 cases were identified as "in urgent need of hospice resources" (i.e., died within 30 days of ICU admission), 25 (20.2%) did not use these resources. Significant differences between the urgent-need cases who did and did not use hospice resources were found in terms of age, disease type, degree of frailty, cardiac arrest, infection, state of consciousness, intubation and tracheostomy status, inotropic and vasopressor medication, renal replacement, ECMO placement, delirium, and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation III and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Scores. CONCLUSIONS / IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The roughly 20% of ICU patients in urgent needs of palliative care who did not utilize palliative care resources highlight the needs for continued discussion to better assist patients on palliative care decision-making. The findings show multifaceted differences between those who did and did not access palliative care. Future studies should design and test strategies to facilitate the identification of palliative care needs and ensure the effective allocation of palliative care resources in ICUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Han Su
- MSN, RN, Nurse Practitioner of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Chang Yeh
- PhD, MD, Clinical Professor, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, and Director, Department of Anesthesia, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jaw-Shiun Tsai
- PhD, MD, Professor, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, and Director, Palliative Care, Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Chun Tang
- PhD, RN, Associate Professor, School of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, and Supervisor, Department of Nursing, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan, ROC.
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Ortega-Martorell S, Olier I, Johnston BW, Welters ID. Sepsis-induced coagulopathy is associated with new episodes of atrial fibrillation in patients admitted to critical care in sinus rhythm. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1230854. [PMID: 37780563 PMCID: PMC10540306 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1230854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sepsis is a life-threatening disease commonly complicated by activation of coagulation and immune pathways. Sepsis-induced coagulopathy (SIC) is associated with micro- and macrothrombosis, but its relation to other cardiovascular complications remains less clear. In this study we explored associations between SIC and the occurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) in sinus rhythm. We also aimed to identify predictive factors for the development of AF in patients with and without SIC. Methods Data were extracted from the publicly available AmsterdamUMCdb database. Patients with sepsis and documented sinus rhythm on admission to ICU were included. Patients were stratified into those who fulfilled the criteria for SIC and those who did not. Following univariate analysis, logistic regression models were developed to describe the association between routinely documented demographics and blood results and the development of at least one episode of AF. Machine learning methods (gradient boosting machines and random forest) were applied to define the predictive importance of factors contributing to the development of AF. Results Age was the strongest predictor for the development of AF in patients with and without SIC. Routine coagulation tests activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT) and International Normalized Ratio (INR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) as a marker of inflammation were also associated with AF occurrence in SIC-positive and SIC-negative patients. Cardiorespiratory parameters (oxygen requirements and heart rate) showed predictive potential. Conclusion Higher INR, elevated CRP, increased heart rate and more severe respiratory failure are risk factors for occurrence of AF in critical illness, suggesting an association between cardiac, respiratory and immune and coagulation pathways. However, age was the most dominant factor to predict the first episodes of AF in patients admitted in sinus rhythm with and without SIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Ortega-Martorell
- School of Computer Science and Mathematics, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Ivan Olier
- School of Computer Science and Mathematics, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Brian W. Johnston
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Ingeborg D. Welters
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Jermendy G, Rokszin G, Fábián I, Kempler P, Wittmann I. Morbidity and mortality of patients with diabetic neuropathy treated with pathogenetically oriented alpha-lipoic acid versus symptomatic pharmacotherapies - a nationwide database analysis from Hungary. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2023:110734. [PMID: 37257759 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Diabetic neuropathy is associated with increased risk of morbidity and all-cause mortality. It is unclear whether these outcomes differ in patients with diabetic neuropathy treated with pathogenetically oriented vs symptomatic pharmacotherapies. METHODS We performed a retrospective (2009-2019) database analysis of patients treated with pathogenetically oriented alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) or symptomatic pharmacotherapies for diabetic neuropathy. We investigated clinical outcomes in propensity score matched patients in Hungary. Changes in hazard ratios and annualized event rates were assessed and sensitivity analyses performed. RESULTS Hazard ratios favored treatment with ALA vs symptomatic pharmacotherapies regarding acute myocardial infarction (HR 0.73, 95%CI: 0.60-0.89, p = 0.0016), stroke (HR 0.71, 95%CI: 0.62-0.82, p<0.0001), hospitalization for heart failure (HR 0.72, 95%CI: 0.66-0.78, p<0.0001), cancer events (HR 0.83, 95% CI: 0.76-0.92, p = 0.0002) and all-cause mortality (HR 0.55, 95% CI: 0.49-0.61, p<0.0001), but not for lower limb amputation (HR 1.05, 95%CI: 0.89-1.25, p = 0.5455). This association was supported by results of evaluating annual event rates and sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS This retrospective database analysis revealed a lower occurrence of cardio- and cerebrovascular morbidity, cancer events and all-cause mortality in patients with diabetic neuropathy treated with pathogenetically oriented ALA vs symptomatic pharmacotherapies. This hypothesis-generating result requires further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- György Jermendy
- Bajcsy-Zsilinszky Hospital, 3(rd) Department of Medicine, Maglódi út 89-91, 1106, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - György Rokszin
- RxTarget Ltd., Bacsó Nándor út 10, 5000 Szolnok, Hungary.
| | - Ibolya Fábián
- RxTarget Ltd., Bacsó Nándor út 10, 5000 Szolnok, Hungary.
| | - Péter Kempler
- Semmelweis University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine and Oncology, Korányi Sándor út 2, 1083 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - István Wittmann
- University of Pécs, Medical School, 2(nd) Department of Medicine, Nephrology-Diabetes Center, Pacsirta út 1, 7624 Pécs, Hungary.
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Li JB, Zhao YY, Dai C, Chen D, Wei L, Yang B, Chen ZS. Prognostic Factors of Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Database Analysis. Curr Med Sci 2023; 43:329-335. [PMID: 37009959 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-023-2720-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify new, more accurate risk factors of liver transplantation for liver cancer through using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. METHODS Using the SEER database, we identified patients that had undergone surgical resection for non-metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and subsequent liver transplantation between 2010 and 2017. Overall survival (OS) was estimated using Kaplan-Meier plotter. Cox proportional hazards regression modelling was used to identify factors independently associated with recurrent disease [presented as adjusted hazard ratios (HR) with 95% CIs]. RESULTS Totally, 1530 eligible patients were included in the analysis. There were significant differences in ethnicity (P=0.04), cancer stage (P<0.001), vascular invasion (P<0.001) and gall bladder involvement (P<0.001) between the groups that survived, died due to cancer, or died due to other causes. In the Cox regression model, there were no significant differences in OS at 5 years with different operative strategies (autotransplantation versus allotransplantation), nor at survival at 1 year with neoadjuvant radiotherapy. However, neoadjuvant radiotherapy did appear to improve survival at both 3 years (HR: 0.540, 95% CI: 0.326-0.896, P=0.017) and 5 years (HR: 0.338, 95% CI: 0.153-0.747, P=0.007) from diagnosis. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated differences in patient characteristics between prognostic groups after liver resection and transplantation for HCC. These criteria can be used to inform patient selection and consent in this setting. Preoperative radiotherapy may improve long-term survival post-transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Bo Li
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of the National Health Commission, the Ministry of Education and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhao
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of the National Health Commission, the Ministry of Education and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Chen Dai
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of the National Health Commission, the Ministry of Education and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of the National Health Commission, the Ministry of Education and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Lai Wei
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of the National Health Commission, the Ministry of Education and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of the National Health Commission, the Ministry of Education and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Zhi-Shui Chen
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of the National Health Commission, the Ministry of Education and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Rahouma M, Khairallah S, Dabsha A, Baudo M, El-Sayed Ahmed MM, Gambardella I, Lau C, Esmail YM, Mohamed A, Girardi L, Gaudino M, Lorusso R, Mick SL. Geographic variation in malignant cardiac tumors and their outcomes: SEER database analysis. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1071770. [PMID: 36761976 PMCID: PMC9902931 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1071770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Primary malignant cardiac tumors (PMCTs) are rare. Geographical distribution has been demonstrated to affect cancer outcomes, making the reduction of geographical inequalities a major priority for cancer control agencies. Geographic survival disparities have not been reported previously for PMCT and the aim of this study is to compare the prevalence and the long-term survival rate with respect to the geographic location of PMCTs using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) research plus data 17 registries between 2000 and 2019. Methods The SEER database was queried to identify geographic variation among PMCTs. We classified the included states into 4 geographical regions (Midwest, Northeast, South and West regions) based on the U.S. Census Bureau-designated regions and divisions. Different demographic and clinical variables were analyzed and compared between the four groups. Kaplan Meier curves and Cox regression were used for survival assessment. Results A total of 563 patients were included in our analysis. The median age was 53 years (inter-quartile range (IQR): 38 - 68 years) and included 26, 90, 101, and 346 patients from the Midwest, Northeast, South, and West regions respectively. Sarcoma represented 65.6% of the cases, followed by hematological tumors (26.2%), while mesothelioma accounted for 2.1%. Treatment analysis showed no significant differences between different regions. Median overall survival was 11, 21, 13, and 11 months for Midwest, Northeast, South and West regions respectively and 5-year overall survival was 22.2%, 25.4%, 14.9%, and 17.6% respectively. On multivariate Cox regression, significant independent predictors of late overall mortality among the entire cohort included age (Hazard Ratio [HR] 1.028), year of diagnosis (HR 0.967), sarcoma (HR 3.36), surgery (HR 0.63) and chemotherapy (HR 0.56). Conclusion Primary malignant cardiac tumors are rare and associated with poor prognosis. Sarcoma is the most common pathological type. Younger age, recent era diagnosis, surgical resection, and chemotherapy were the independent predictors of better survival. While univariate analysis revealed that patients in the South areas had a worse survival trend compared to other areas, geographic disparity in survival was nullified in multivariate analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Rahouma
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Departments, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States,Surgical Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt,*Correspondence: Mohamed Rahouma, ;
| | - Sherif Khairallah
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Departments, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States,Surgical Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Anas Dabsha
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Departments, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States,Surgical Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Massimo Baudo
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Departments, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States,Cardiac Surgery Department, Spedali Civili di Brescia, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Magdy M. El-Sayed Ahmed
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States,Department of Surgery, Zagazig University Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | - Christopher Lau
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Departments, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yomna M. Esmail
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Departments, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Abdelrahman Mohamed
- Surgical Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Leonard Girardi
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Departments, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mario Gaudino
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Departments, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Roberto Lorusso
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Stephanie L. Mick
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Departments, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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10
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Sim M, Yii A, Xu X, Bahety P, Loh CH, Navarro Rojas AA, Milea D, Tee A. Characteristics of Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Treated with Long-Acting Bronchodilators in a Real-World Setting in Singapore: A Single-Center Observational Study. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2022; 17:1349-1363. [PMID: 35711173 PMCID: PMC9192350 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s357820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction There is limited real-world evidence regarding clinical practice for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Singapore. We compared baseline clinical characteristics and evaluated outcomes in patients with COPD who initiated treatment with either a long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) or a LAMA and a long-acting β2-agonist (LAMA+LABA). Methods This was a single-center observational study at Changi General Hospital, Singapore. Routine clinical data (hospital visits, case management, lung function, laboratory/imaging results, medication orders) were collected and compiled into a data warehouse. Eligible patients with COPD were ≥40 years old and newly prescribed LAMA or LAMA+LABA during the enrollment period. Patient characteristics in the baseline period (6 months) were compared between treatments. Clinical worsening was measured as a composite endpoint, defined as the first of a change in maintenance treatment class or a moderate-to-severe exacerbation during follow-up (12 months). Results In total, 261 patients were included in the baseline period (LAMA: 73; LAMA+LABA: 188). In the baseline period, patients receiving LAMA+LABA versus LAMA had significantly lower body mass index, higher COPD Assessment Test score and worse lung function, and numerically higher exacerbation history. Prevalence of comorbidities was similar between treatment groups. In follow-up, high rates of clinical worsening were observed regardless of treatment regimen (LAMA: 38/73 [52%]; LAMA+LABA: 86/188 [46%]). Median time-to-clinical worsening was 340 days for the LAMA cohort and the raw median 154 days (interquartile range: 44–225) for the LAMA+LABA cohort. Median medication dispensation rate (0.86; interquartile range: 0.56–1.00) was similar between treatments. Conclusion Patients initiating treatment with LAMA+LABA had more severe COPD than patients prescribed LAMA. The proportion of patients experiencing clinical worsening was similarly high in both cohorts, suggesting that early identification and treatment optimization are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Sim
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anthony Yii
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiaomeng Xu
- Value Evidence & Outcomes, Greater China and Intercontinental, GSK, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Chee Hong Loh
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Dominique Milea
- Value Evidence & Outcomes, Greater China and Intercontinental, GSK, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Augustine Tee
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
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11
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Satoru M, Kaseda R, Narita I. Association Between the Use of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors and Drug-Induced Acute Kidney Injury: Analysis of 2 Databases. J Clin Pharmacol 2022; 62:631-635. [PMID: 34761410 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The association between the use of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors and the occurrence of drug-induced kidney injury has not been evaluated. This study assessed whether the use of SGLT-2 inhibitors decreases the risk of drug-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) using the US Food and Drug Administration's Adverse Event Reporting System and the Medical Data Vision database. The occurrence of AKI in SGLT-2 inhibitor users and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor users was compared using both databases. In the US Food and Drug Administration's Adverse Event Reporting System analysis, disproportionality for AKI was observed between DPP-4 inhibitor users and SGLT-2 inhibitor users administered nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (reporting odds ratio, 0.65; 95%CI, 0.48-0.88; P < .01) and thiazide diuretics (reporting odds ratio, 0.78; 95%CI, 0.67-0.90; P < .01). In Medical Data Vision analysis, SGLT-2 inhibitor users administered nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (odds ratio [OR], 0.46; 95%CI, 0.41-0.53; P < .01), anti-herpes simplex virus drugs (OR, 0.20; 95%CI, 0.07-0.53; P < .01), thiazide diuretics (OR, 0.50; 95%CI, 0.36-0.71, P < .01), and loop diuretics (OR, 0.71; 95%CI, 0.62-0.83; P < .01) had a lower incidence of AKI compared with DPP-4 inhibitor users receiving the same drugs. No differences were observed in the risk of AKI between SGLT-2 and DPP-4 inhibitor users administered vancomycin and cisplatin in both databases. The use of SGLT-2 inhibitors might reduce the risk of drug-induced AKI caused by some drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryohei Kaseda
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ichiei Narita
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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12
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Sideris A, Zhong H, Cozowicz C, Poeran J, Memtsoudis SG. Utilisation of prescription cannabinoids in different surgical cohorts in the United States: a population-based study. Br J Anaesth 2022; 128:e341-e342. [PMID: 35365292 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2022.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Sideris
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care & Pain Management, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Haoyan Zhong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care & Pain Management, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Crispiana Cozowicz
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care Medicine, Paracelsus Medical Private University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Jashvant Poeran
- Institute for Healthcare Delivery Science, Department of Population Health Science & Policy, USA; Department of Orthopedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stavros G Memtsoudis
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care & Pain Management, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care Medicine, Paracelsus Medical Private University, Salzburg, Austria; Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA; Department of Health Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
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13
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Yang ML, Zhang JH, Li S, Zhu R, Wang L. SLC13A4 Might Serve as a Prognostic Biomarker and be Correlated with Immune Infiltration into Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Pathol Oncol Res 2021; 27:1609967. [PMID: 34840533 PMCID: PMC8610847 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2021.1609967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
SLC13A4 is a sodium sulfate co-transporter, which is expressed in brains, placentas, thymes and other tissues, plays an essential role in maintaining the metabolic balance of sulfate in vivo. The TCGA database shows that it is differentially expressed in a variety of tumors, but its prognostic value in tumors has not been clarified. TCGA, Oncomine and Timer databases were used to analyze SLC13A4 mRNA expression in cancer tissues and normal tissues, and its correlation with clinical prognosis in head and neck tumor. The CIBERSORT database was used to analyze the correlation between SLC13A4 expression and the infiltration of immune cells. SLC13A4 enrichment analysis was carried out by GSEA. SLC13A4 mRNA levels were significantly lower in head and neck tumors than in paracancer tissues. SLC13A4 expression in Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) was closely related to tumor pathological grade and clinical stage. Decreased SLC13A4 expression was associated with poor overall survival (OS), progression free survival (PFS), disease specific survival (DSS) and recurrence free survival (RFS) in HNSCC patients. The expression of SLC13A4 was negatively correlated with Monocytes, M1 macrophages, M2 macrophages, resting CD4+ memory T cells, resting NK cells and activated NK cells, but positively correlated with neutrophils, plasma cells, T follicular helper cells, gamma delta T cells, regulatory T cells and naive B cells. In addition, the genes in SLC13A4 low-expression group were mainly concentrated in immunity-related activities, viral diseases, typical tumor pathways and metabolism. The SLC13A4 high expression group was mainly enriched in metabolic pathways. These suggest that SLC13A4 may be a potential prognostic biomarker in HNSC and correlated with immune infiltrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ling Yang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia-Hua Zhang
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Application, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of General Surgery, Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Zhu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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14
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Kuai L, Zhang Y, Luo Y, Li W, Li XD, Zhang HP, Liu TY, Yin SY, Li B. Prognostic Nomogram for Liver Metastatic Colon Cancer Based on Histological Type, Tumor Differentiation, and Tumor Deposit: A TRIPOD Compliant Large-Scale Survival Study. Front Oncol 2021; 11:604882. [PMID: 34712601 PMCID: PMC8546254 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.604882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective A proportional hazard model was applied to develop a large-scale prognostic model and nomogram incorporating clinicopathological characteristics, histological type, tumor differentiation grade, and tumor deposit count to provide clinicians and patients diagnosed with colon cancer liver metastases (CLM) a more comprehensive and practical outcome measure. Methods Using the Transparent Reporting of multivariable prediction models for individual Prognosis or Diagnosis (TRIPOD) guidelines, this study identified 14,697 patients diagnosed with CLM from 1975 to 2017 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 21 registry database. Patients were divided into a modeling group (n=9800), an internal validation group (n=4897) using computerized randomization. An independent external validation cohort (n=60) was obtained. Univariable and multivariate Cox analyses were performed to identify prognostic predictors for overall survival (OS). Subsequently, the nomogram was constructed, and the verification was undertaken by receiver operating curves (AUC) and calibration curves. Results Histological type, tumor differentiation grade, and tumor deposit count were independent prognostic predictors for CLM. The nomogram consisted of age, sex, primary site, T category, N category, metastasis of bone, brain or lung, surgery, and chemotherapy. The model achieved excellent prediction power on both internal (mean AUC=0.811) and external validation (mean AUC=0.727), respectively, which were significantly higher than the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) TNM system. Conclusion This study proposes a prognostic nomogram for predicting 1- and 2-year survival based on histopathological and population-based data of CLM patients developed using TRIPOD guidelines. Compared with the TNM stage, our nomogram has better consistency and calibration for predicting the OS of CLM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Kuai
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Luo
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Li
- Center for Translational Medicine, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Li
- Department of Urology Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Institute of Evidence-Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Hui-Ping Zhang
- Research and Development Center, Shanghai Applied Protein Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Tai-Yi Liu
- Research and Development Center, Shanghai Applied Protein Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang-Yi Yin
- Center for Translational Medicine, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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15
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Abstract
Background Patients with recurrent pericarditis (RP) may develop complications, multiple recurrences, or inadequate treatment response. This study aimed to characterize disease burden and unmet needs in RP. Methods and Results This retrospective US database analysis included newly diagnosed patients with RP with ≥24 months of continuous history following their first pericarditis episode. RP was defined as ≥2 pericarditis episodes ≥28 days apart. Some patients had ≥2 recurrences, while others had a single recurrence with a serious complication, ie, constrictive pericarditis, cardiac tamponade, or a large pericardial effusion with pericardiocentesis/pericardial window. Among these patients with multiple recurrences and/or complications, some had features relating to treatment history, including long‐term corticosteroid use (corticosteroids started within 30 days of flare, continuing ≥90 consecutive days) or inadequate treatment response (pericarditis recurring despite corticosteroids and/or colchicine, or other drugs [excluding NSAIDs] within 30 days of flare, or prior pericardiectomy). Patients (N=2096) had hypertension (60%), cardiomegaly (9%), congestive heart failure (17%), atrial fibrillation (16%), autoimmune diseases (18%), diabetes mellitus (21%), renal disease (20%), anxiety (21%), and depression (14%). Complications included pericardial effusion (50%), cardiac tamponade (9%), and constrictive pericarditis (4%). Pharmacotherapy included colchicine (51%), NSAIDs (40%), and corticosteroids (30%), often in combination. This study estimates 37 000 US patients with RP; incidence was 6.0/100 000/year (95% CI, 5.6‒6.3), and prevalence was 11.2/100 000 (95% CI, 10.6‒11.7). Conclusions Patients with RP may have multiple recurrences and/or complications, often because of inadequate treatment response and persistent underlying disease. Corticosteroid use is frequent despite known side‐effect risks, potentially exacerbated by prevalent comorbidities. Substantial clinical burden and lack of effective treatments underscore the high unmet need.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Mike Roy
- Clearview Healthcare Partners Newton MA
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16
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Akada K, Koyama N, Miura T, Fukunaga E, Miura Y, Aoshima K, Fujiwara K. Real-world database analysis of the characteristics and treatment patterns of patients with endometrial cancer in Japan. Curr Med Res Opin 2021; 37:1171-1178. [PMID: 33792449 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2021.1903847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to identify the characteristics and treatment patterns of early and advanced stage endometrial cancer patients using real-world data. METHODS Patients' data extracted from a Japanese health insurance claims database were analyzed. RESULTS Of the 12,449 endometrial cancer patients, 74.4% were in stage I, 5.1% in stage II, 12.0% in stage III, and 8.4% in stage IV. Their median age was 60.5 years, higher in advanced stages (III/IV) than in early stages (I/II). Overall, 11,055 patients (88.8%) underwent surgery, and 4977 patients (40.0%) received post-surgery treatment, including chemotherapy (4441: 35.7%), chemoradiation therapy (379: 3.0%), and radiation therapy (157 patients: 1.3%); 1394 patients (11.2%) were not treated by surgery, and 742 patients (6.0%) received other treatment, with chemotherapy (548: 4.4%), radiation therapy (105: 0.8%), and chemoradiation therapy (89: 0.7%). The rate of patients undergoing surgery decreased, and that receiving chemotherapy increased significantly as cancer stage progressed. Paclitaxel/carboplatin was the most frequent first-line regimen (85.4% of patients), whereas various combination and monotherapy regimens were used as second- and third-line regimens. The most frequent second-line monotherapy was paclitaxel. The rate of monotherapy increased as the treatment line progressed (first-line 3.5%, second-line 22.0%, and third-line 36.4%). CONCLUSIONS The characteristics and treatment patterns of endometrial cancer patients differed between early and advanced stages, as did the chemotherapy regimens among first-, second-, and third-lines. Since various regimens were used for second- and third-line chemotherapies, development of appropriate second- and third-line chemotherapy regimens is warranted. A real-world analysis of cancer patients using a nationwide claims database may be a valuable approach to identifying unmet medical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keishi Akada
- hhc Data Creation Center, Eisai Co. Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Takuma Miura
- Japan Asia Clinical Department, Oncology Business Unit, Eisai Co. Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiji Fukunaga
- Japan Medical Department, Eisai Co. Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Miura
- hhc Data Creation Center, Eisai Co. Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Aoshima
- hhc Data Creation Center, Eisai Co. Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Fujiwara
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
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17
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Su J, Bylsma LC, Jiang X, Morales Arias J, Jain N, Nordyke RJ. Healthcare resource utilization among commercially insured patients with cold agglutinin disease in the United States. J Med Econ 2020; 23:902-907. [PMID: 32362156 DOI: 10.1080/13696998.2020.1764006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Aims: Cold agglutinin disease (CAD) is a rare subtype of autoimmune hemolytic anemia associated with increased thromboembolism risk and early mortality. Healthcare resource utilization (HRU) in CAD has not been reported. We aimed to compare HRU of patients with CAD with a matched non-CAD cohort in the United States.Materials and methods: Patients with CAD were identified from 2006 to 2016 in the Optum-Humedica database using CAD terms in clinical notes and hematologist review. Patients were required to have Integrated Delivery Network records and ≥6 months' follow-up before and after the first CAD mention date (index date). Patients with CAD were matched to a non-CAD cohort based on demographics. Multivariate analyses assessed inpatient hospitalizations, outpatient visits, emergency room visits, and transfusion use between cohorts 6 months before and 12 months after the index date.Results: Of 814 patients with CAD, 410 met inclusion criteria and were matched to 3,390 patients without CAD. Mean age of patients with CAD was 68.0 years; approximately 62% were female. In the 12 months after the index date, mean inpatient hospitalizations (0.83 vs. 0.25), outpatient visits (17.26 vs. 6.77), emergency room visits (0.55 vs. 0.32), and transfusion days (1.05 vs. 0.05) were higher for patients with CAD than the matched non-CAD cohort (all p < .0001). Similarly, in the 6 months before the index date, patients with CAD had higher HRU than matched patients without CAD for all measures evaluated.Limitations: Results of this study are based on patient information from the Optum-Humedica database, which is limited to commercially insured patients and may not represent the overall CAD population.Conclusions: CAD places a substantial burden on patients and healthcare systems. In addition, the high HRU for patients with CAD observed in the 6 months before diagnosis indicates that disease awareness and better diagnostic practices may be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Su
- Sanofi, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lauren C Bylsma
- EpidStrategies, A Division of ToxStrategies, Inc, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xiaohui Jiang
- EpidStrategies, A Division of ToxStrategies, Inc, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Fogarassy G, Fogarassyné Vathy Á, Kováts T, Hornyák L, Kenessey I, Veress G, Polgár C, Forster T. Analysing the risk factors of doxorubicin-associated heart failure by a retrospective study of integrated, nation-wide databases. Orv Hetil 2020; 161:1094-1102. [PMID: 32541088 DOI: 10.1556/650.2020.31739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The incidence of dilated cardiomyopathy after anthracycline chemotherapy is mainly influenced by anthracycline cumulative dose. Previous researches showed doxorubicin treatment under cumulative dose of 450 mg/m2 associated with a low incidence of heart failure. Nowadays, doxorubicin is administered with a lower dose, the development of heart failure is largely determined by other factors. AIM Our purpose was to identify the risk factors for heart failure due to doxorubicin therapy. METHOD With the use of the Hungarian financial healthcare databases merged with the National Cancer Registry, we performed a retrospective study. All the patients having confirmation for breast carcinoma between 2004 and 2015 were enrolled. The subjects with a preceding period characterized by any chemotherapy or diagnoses suggesting heart failure were excluded. Heart failure outcome event was defined by the assignment of I50 diagnosis code at hospital discharge or in autopsy reports. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS We used multivariate binary logistic regression to calculate odds ratios for heart failure. Besides the baseline characteristics, oncological state and cumulative doses of the chemotherapies were also taken into account. RESULTS Among the analysed 3288, doxorubicin-treated patients, heart failure cumulative incidence was 6.2%. Doxorubicin cumulative dose over 400 mg/m2 increased the risk. The heart failure incidence was essentially influenced by age, even over 50 years the risk rose. Diabetes mellitus and the treatments with pyrimidine-analogues, carboplatin or bevacizumab were also associated with higher risk. CONCLUSION By the integration of national financial and clinical databases, we could identify the risk factors for doxorubicin-associated heart failure. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(26): 1094-1102.
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Affiliation(s)
- György Fogarassy
- Állami Szívkórház Balatonfüred, Gyógy tér 2., 8230.,Általános Orvostudományi Kar, Klinikai Orvostudományi Doktori Iskola,Szegedi Tudományegyetem Szeged
| | | | | | | | - István Kenessey
- Nemzeti Rákregiszter és Biostatisztikai Központ,Országos Onkológiai Intézet Budapest
| | - Gábor Veress
- Állami Szívkórház Balatonfüred, Gyógy tér 2., 8230
| | - Csaba Polgár
- Sugárterápiás Központ,Országos Onkológiai Intézet Budapest.,Általános Orvostudományi Kar, Onkológiai Tanszék,Semmelweis Egyetem Budapest
| | - Tamás Forster
- Általános Orvostudományi Kar, II. Belgyógyászati Klinika és Kardiológiai Központ,Szegedi Tudományegyetem Szeged
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19
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Xie S, Pan S, Zou S, Zhu H, Zhu X. Characteristics and Treatments of Patients Aged 65 Years or Over with Cervical Cancer. Clin Interv Aging 2020; 15:841-851. [PMID: 32606624 PMCID: PMC7293398 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s255305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Although the mortality of elderly women with cervical cancer is high, their characteristics and prognosis have not attracted sufficient attention. This study aims to clarify the prognostic factors of cervical cancer patients aged ≥65. Patient and Methods The incidences and characteristics of patients diagnosed with cervical cancer (aged ≥65 and <65) during 2004–2015 were obtained through the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) database. The differences of distributions of characteristics between two age groups were compared by chi-squared (χ2) test. Kaplan–Meier survival method, Log-rank test, Cox-regression and visual nomogram were utilized for survival analysis. Results The annual incidences of two age groups with cervical cancer were (5.5–7.5)/100,000 and (3.4–3.9)/100,000, respectively, during 2004–2015. The 1-year and 5-year cancer-specific survival rates of old patients were both lower than those of young patients (P <0.001). The proportions of unmarried state and advanced International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage in old patients were higher than those in relatively young patients, and fewer elderly patients received surgery. Univariate and multivariate survival analysis showed non-squamous cell carcinoma, poor differentiation and late FIGO stage were independent poor prognostic factors for patients aged ≥65. Treatments improved the outcomes of elderly patients, and the effect of surgery was better than non-surgical treatment on elderly patients with FIGO I. Besides, geriatric score and survival probability could be accomplished by our nomogram with a c-index of 0.7945. Conclusion Delayed diagnosis and insufficient treatment were two distinct features of elderly patients and correlated with their poor clinical outcomes. More attention and active treatments should be adopted in elderly women based on their general condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangdan Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuya Pan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangwei Zou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Zhu
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqiong Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
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Tsai CT, Lin JN, Lee CH, Sun W, Chang YC, Chen YH, Lai CH. The epidemiology, characteristics and outbreaks of human leptospirosis and the association with animals in Taiwan, 2007-2014: A nationwide database study. Zoonoses Public Health 2020; 67:156-166. [PMID: 31916706 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leptospirosis (LS) is a neglected tropical zoonosis of global importance. A nationwide investigation of characteristics, epidemiology, risk factors and outbreak is crucial for awareness of this disease. METHODS A nationwide database of reported LS cases from October 2007 to December 2014 obtained from the Centers for Disease Control, Taiwan, was analysed. Geographic information system software was used to map the distribution of confirmed LS cases and pigs. Cross-matching with the databases of Q fever, scrub typhus and murine typhus was conducted to identify possible coinfections. RESULTS A total of 10,917 reported cases of LS were recorded in the database, which included 665 (6.1%) confirmed LS and 10,252 (93.9%) non-confirmed LS cases. The major residences of confirmed LS were the Kaohsiung-Pingtung (248, 37.3%) and Taipei (174, 26.2%) regions. The average annual incidence was 0.4/100,000 people. Compared with non-confirmed LS cases, confirmed LS cases had significantly higher percentages of male gender (83.6% vs. 67.9%, p < .001), high-risk occupations (farmer, animal husbandry or veterinarian) (24.8% vs. 13.7%, p < .001), residence in the Kaohsiung-Pingtung region (37.3% vs. 19.6%, p < .001) and exposure to rats (8.6% vs. 4.9%, p = .001) or pigs (9.4% vs. 1.9%, p < .001) but a lower mean age (47.8 ± 15.1 vs. 51.±18.5 years old). Rat and pig exposure trends were found in the northern and southern regions, respectively. Distribution of LS was consistent with pigs, and one outbreak associated with flooding and pigs occurred in the Pingtung region in 2009. Twenty-three and four patients with LS were coinfected with scrub typhus and Q fever, respectively. CONCLUSIONS LS is an endemic disease in Taiwan, particularly in the Kaohsiung-Pingtung and Taipei regions. High-risk occupations and animal exposure history are important for the clinical presumptive diagnosis of LS, particularly for rats in northern Taiwan and pigs in southern Taiwan. Although uncommon, clinicians should be aware of coinfection of LS with endemic rickettsial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ta Tsai
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Infection Control, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Nong Lin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hsiang Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wu Sun
- Infection Control Department, Pao-Chien Hospital, Pingtung County, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chin Chang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsu Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, Sepsis Research Center, Center of Dengue Fever Control and Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, HsinChu, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsu Lai
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Zheng XQ, Huang JF, Lin JL, Chen L, Zhou TT, Chen D, Lin DD, Shen JF, Wu AM. Incidence, prognostic factors, and a nomogram of lung cancer with bone metastasis at initial diagnosis: a population-based study. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2019; 8:367-379. [PMID: 31555512 PMCID: PMC6749127 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr.2019.08.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone is one of the common metastatic sites of lung cancer, and its prognosis is not optimistic. We performed a study to evaluate the incidence, survival, and prognostic factors of lung cancer with bone metastasis (LCBM) at initial diagnosis, and to develop a nomogram to predict its outcomes. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study choosing 13,541 patients with LCBM from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 18 registry database. An X-tile analysis provided the optimal age cutoff point. The incidence, overall survival, and prognosis of bone metastasis were evaluated according to the patient information, characteristics of the tumor, and therapy. We also used multivariable Cox regression to estimate mortality hazard ratios (HRs) among patients with LCBM, while a visual nomogram was established to judge the prognosis. RESULTS The incidence of disease increased with age, but survival rates show the opposite trend. The median survival time was about 4 months. In addition, although the differences for patient race is not significant (P=0.445), White patients are prone to have bone metastases from lung cancer according to the incidence analysis. The difference for laterality is also not significant (P=0.534), while the factors of age, gender, the total number of sites, histological types, grade, tumor size, and treatment are significantly related to the outcome of patients with LCBM. Furthermore, our nomogram could predict the probability of surviving to the median survival time of the population with a c-index of 0.72. CONCLUSIONS Age, characteristics of the tumor, and therapy should be considered for prediction of prognosis for patients with lung cancer bone metastasis. Putatively, the younger patients and the patients with chemotherapy and surgery may indicate improved survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-Qi Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Jin-Feng Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Jia-Liang Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Ting-Ting Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Dong-Dong Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Jian-Fei Shen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai 317000, China
| | - Ai-Min Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325027, China
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Devillier P, Molimard M, Ansolabehere X, Bardoulat I, Coulombel N, Maurel F, Le Jeunne P, Demoly P. Immunotherapy with grass pollen tablets reduces medication dispensing for allergic rhinitis and asthma: A retrospective database study in France. Allergy 2019; 74:1317-1326. [PMID: 30589088 DOI: 10.1111/all.13705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Moderate-to-severe allergic rhinitis (AR) may increase the risk of developing or worsening asthma, whereas treatment of AR with subcutaneously or sublingual allergen immunotherapy (SLIT) may slow this progression. METHODS In a retrospective real-world analysis, prescription fulfilment data were gathered from French retail pharmacies between 1 March 2012 and 31 December 2016. Using linear regression analyses, patients having received at least two prescriptions of grass pollen SLIT tablets over at least 2 successive years were compared with control patients having received symptomatic medications only. RESULTS A total of 1099 SLIT patients and 27 475 control patients were included in the main analysis. With regard to symptomatic AR medication dispensing, we observed a 50% decrease in the pre-index/follow-up ratio in the SLIT group, a 30% increase in the control group without age matching (P < 0.0001 vs SLIT) and a 20% increase in the control group with age matching (P < 0.0001 vs SLIT). During the follow-up, 11 (1.8%) and 782 (5.3%) patients initiated asthma treatment in the SLIT and control groups, respectively. The relative risk of medication dispensing for new asthma was lower in the SLIT group (by 62.5% [29.1%-80.1%] without age matching (P = 0.0025) and by 63.7% [31.5%-80.7%] with age matching; P = 0.0018). SLIT was also associated with slower progression of asthma medication dispensing during the follow-up period, relative to the control group (regression coefficient: -0.58 [-0.74 to 0.42] without age matching (P < 0.0001) and -0.61 [-0.76 to -0.46] with age matching; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Prescription of grass pollen SLIT tablets reduced the dispensing of AR and asthma medications in real life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Devillier
- UPRES EA 220 Department of Airway Diseases Hospital Foch University of Versailles Saint Quentin University Paris‐Saclay Suresnes France
| | - Mathieu Molimard
- Pharmacology Department University of Bordeaux INSERM Unit CR1219 Bordeaux France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Pascal Demoly
- Department of Pulmonology and Addictology Arnaud de Villeneuve Hospital Montpellier University Montpellier France
- Sorbonne Universités UPMC Paris 06 UMR‐S 1136 INSERM IPLESP Equipe EPAR Paris France
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Gauthier S, Ng KP, Pascoal TA, Zhang H, Rosa-Neto P. Targeting Alzheimer's Disease at the Right Time and the Right Place: Validation of a Personalized Approach to Diagnosis and Treatment. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 64:S23-S31. [PMID: 29504543 PMCID: PMC6004905 DOI: 10.3233/jad-179924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cautious optimism is appropriate for a near future (five years) time frame for a number of drugs acting on the different pathophysiological components of Alzheimer’s disease (amyloid deposition, tau hyperphosphorylation, neuroinflammation, vascular changes, to name the most important known so far). Since the relative weight of these components will be different between individuals and will even change over time for each individual, a ‘one drug fit for all’ approach is no longer defensible. Precision medicine using biomarkers in the diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease is the new strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Gauthier
- McGill Center for Studies in Aging, Douglas Mental Health Research Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - Kok Pin Ng
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
| | - Tharick A Pascoal
- McGill Center for Studies in Aging, Douglas Mental Health Research Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pedro Rosa-Neto
- McGill Center for Studies in Aging, Douglas Mental Health Research Institute, Montreal, Canada
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24
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Sun J, Chen J, Wang Z, Deng Y, Liu L, Liu X. [Expression of NUF2 in breast cancer and its clinical significance]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2019; 39:591-597. [PMID: 31140425 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2019.05.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of the cell division- associated gene NUF2 in breast cancer and its clinical significance. METHODS The expression of NUF2 in breast cancer tissues was analyzed using Oncomine database. The relationship between the expression of NUF2 and the prognosis of breast cancer was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier Plotter database. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and GEO database were used to investigate the effect of NUF2 on gene enrichment. The String database was utilized to analyze the proteins associated with NUF2. The TIMER database was analyzed to assess the correlations of NUF2 with BUB1, MAD2L1 and MYC. The expressions of NUF2 mRNA in 8 pairs of breast cancer tissues and adjacent tissues were verified by q-PCR. RESULTS Compared with that in normal breast tissue, NUF2 was significantly overexpressed in breast cancer (P < 0.001). The overall survival time (HR = 1.52, P = 0.015) and the recurrence-free survival time (HR = 1.85, P = 3.2e-14) of the patients with high NUF2 expression were significantly shorter than those of patients with low NUF2 expression. In patients with high NUF2 expression, the enriched genes were involved mainly in cell cycle, P53, G2/M, DNA repair, MYC, and PI3K-AKT-MTOR signaling pathways, which were associated with tumor proliferation, invasion, metastasis and stemness. Combination of the results of String database, gene enrichment and TIMER database analyses suggested that NUF2 interacted directly with BUB1, MAD2L1, and MYC, which could promote the progression of breast cancer. The results of q-PCR showed that NUF2 expression was up-regulated in 6 cancer tissues and down-regulated in 2 cancer tissues. CONCLUSIONS NUF2 gene is overexpressed in breast cancer, and its expression level is important in predicting the prognosis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jiawei Chen
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhizhi Wang
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yunyao Deng
- Department of General Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Lixin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
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25
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Shimizu K, Ferreira da Silva J. Halogen and Hydrogen Bonding Interplay in the Crystal Packing of Halometallocenes. Molecules 2018; 23:E2959. [PMID: 30428578 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper focuses in the influence of halogen atoms in the design and structural control of the crystal packing of Group VIII halogenated metallocenes. The study is based on the present knowledge on new types of intermolecular contacts such as halogen (X⋯X, C-X⋯H, C-X⋯π), π⋯π, and C-H⋯π interactions. The presence of novel C-H⋯M interactions is also discussed. Crystal packings are analysed after database search on this family of compounds. Results are supported by ab initio calculations on electrostatic charge distributions; Hirshfeld analysis is also used to predict the types of contacts to be expected in the molecules. Special attention is given to the competition among hydrogen and halogen interactions, mainly its influence on the nature and geometric orientations of the different supramolecular motifs. Supramolecular arrangements of halogenated metallocenes and Group IV di-halogenated bent metallocenes are also compared and discussed. Analysis supports halogen bonds as the predominant interactions in defining the crystal packing of bromine and iodine 1,1′-halometallocenes.
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26
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Crowson MG, Tong BC, Lee HJ, Song Y, Harpole DH, Jones HN, Cohen S. Prevalence and resource utilization for vocal fold paralysis/paresis after esophagectomy. Laryngoscope 2018; 128:2815-2822. [PMID: 30229921 DOI: 10.1002/lary.27252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Vocal fold paralysis/paresis (VFP) is an uncommon but serious complication following esophagectomy. The objectives of this study were to: 1) identify the prevalence of VFP and associated complications after esophagectomy in the United States, and 2) determine the utilization and otolaryngology-head and neck surgery/speech-language pathology (OHNS/SLP) and predictors of such utilization in the management of these patients. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective database analysis. METHODS The National Inpatient Sample (NIS) represents a 20% stratified sample of discharges from US hospitals. Using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes, patients undergoing esophagectomy between 2008 and 2013 were identified in the NIS. Subcohorts of patients with VFP and OHNS/SLP utilization were also identified. Weighted logistic regression models were used to compare binary outcomes such as complications; generalized linear models were used to compare total hospital charges and length of stay (LOS). RESULTS We studied 10,896 discharges, representing a weighted estimate of 52,610 patients undergoing esophagectomy. The incidence of VFP after esophagectomy was 1.96%. Compared to those without VFP, patients with VFP had a higher incidence of postoperative pneumonia, more medical complications, and were more likely to undergo tracheostomy; hospital charges and LOS were also higher. Of the patients with VFP, 35.0% received OHNS/SLP intervention. CONCLUSIONS VFP after esophagectomy is associated with postoperative complications, prolonged LOS, and higher hospital costs. OHNS/SLP intervention occurred in roughly one-third of postesophagectomy VFP patients, suggesting there may be opportunities for enhanced evaluation and management of these patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4 Laryngoscope, 128:2815-2822, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Crowson
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Betty C Tong
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Hui-Jie Lee
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Yao Song
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, U.S.A
| | - David H Harpole
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Harrison N Jones
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Seth Cohen
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, U.S.A
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Zielen S, Devillier P, Heinrich J, Richter H, Wahn U. Sublingual immunotherapy provides long-term relief in allergic rhinitis and reduces the risk of asthma: A retrospective, real-world database analysis. Allergy 2018; 73:165-177. [PMID: 28561266 PMCID: PMC5763412 DOI: 10.1111/all.13213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergy immunotherapy (AIT) is the only treatment for allergic rhinitis (AR) and/or allergic asthma (AA) with long-term efficacy. However, there are few real-life data on the progression of AR and/or AA in patients receiving AIT. OBJECTIVES To assess the real-world, long-term efficacy of grass pollen sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) tablets in AR and their impact on asthma onset and progression. METHODS In a retrospective analysis of a German longitudinal prescription database, AR patients treated with grass pollen SLIT tablets were compared with a control group not having received AIT. Multiple regression analysis was used to compare changes over time in rescue symptomatic AR medication use after treatment cessation, asthma medication use, and the time to asthma onset in the two groups. RESULTS After applying all selection criteria, 2851 SLIT and 71 275 control patients were selected for the study. After treatment cessation, AR medication use was 18.8 percentage points lower (after adjustment for covariates, and relative to the pretreatment period) in SLIT tablet group than in the non-AIT group (P<.001). Asthma onset was less frequent in SLIT tablet group than in non-AIT group (odds ratio: 0.696, P=.002), and time to asthma was significantly longer (hazard ratio: 0.523; P=.003). After SLIT cessation, asthma medication use fell by an additional 16.7 percentage points (relative to the pretreatment period) in the SLIT tablet group vs the non-AIT group (P=.004). CONCLUSIONS Real-world treatment of AR patients with grass pollen SLIT tablets was associated with slower AR progression, less frequent asthma onset, and slower asthma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Zielen
- Division of Allergology, Pulmonology and Cystic Fibrosis Department for Children and Adolescents Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt Germany
| | - P. Devillier
- UPRES EA 220 Hospital Foch University Versailles Saint Quentin Suresnes France
| | - J. Heinrich
- Helmholtz Zentrum Munich German Research Centre for Environmental Health GmbH Institute of Epidemiology Neuherberg Germany
| | - H. Richter
- QuintilesIMS GmbH & Co. oHG Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - U. Wahn
- Department for Paediatric Pneumology and Immunology Charité Medical University Berlin Germany
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Kaupang Å, Laitinen T, Poso A, Hansen TV. Structural review of PPARγ in complex with ligands: Cartesian- and dihedral angle principal component analyses of X-ray crystallographic data. Proteins 2017; 85:1684-1698. [PMID: 28543443 DOI: 10.1002/prot.25325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Two decades of research into the ligand-dependent modulation of the activity of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) have demonstrated the heterogeneous modes of action of PPARγ ligands, in terms of their interaction surfaces in the ligand-binding pocket, binding stoichiometry and ability to interact with functionally important parts of the receptor, through both direct and allosteric mechanisms. These findings signal the complex mechanistic bases of the distinct biological effects of different classes of PPARγ ligands. Today, the development of PPARγ ligands focuses on partial- and non-agonists as opposed to classical agonists, due to the severe side effects observed with PPARγ classical agonists as therapeutic agents. To aid this development, we performed principal component analyses of the atomic (Cartesian) coordinates (cPCA) and dihedral angles (dPCA) of the structures of human PPARγ from X-ray crystallography, available in the public domain, seeking to reveal ligand-induced trends. In the cPCA, projections of the structures along the principal components (PCs) demonstrated a moderate correlation between cPC1 and structural parameters related to the stabilization of helix 12, which is central to the transcriptional activation by PPARγ classical agonists. Consequently, the presented cPCA mapping of the PPARγ-ligand complexes may guide in silico drug discovery programs seeking to avoid stabilization of helix 12 in their development of partial- and non-agonistic PPARγ ligands. Notably, while the dPCA could identify key regions of dihedral fluctuation in the structural ensemble, the distributions along dPC1 - 2 could not be classified according to the same parameters as the distribution along cPC1. Proteins 2017; 85:1684-1698. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åsmund Kaupang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068, Blindern, Oslo, 0316, Norway
| | - Tuomo Laitinen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Antti Poso
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Trond Vidar Hansen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068, Blindern, Oslo, 0316, Norway
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Akiyama S, Tanaka E, Cristeau O, Onishi Y, Osuga Y. Evaluation of the treatment patterns and economic burden of dysmenorrhea in Japanese women, using a claims database. Clinicoecon Outcomes Res 2017; 9:295-306. [PMID: 28579813 PMCID: PMC5446961 DOI: 10.2147/ceor.s127760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to describe treatment patterns and estimate health care resource utilization and associated costs among Japanese women with dysmenorrhea, using a claims database. Methods This was a retrospective analysis using health insurance data from the Japan Medical Data Center, assessing female patients aged 18–49 years with newly diagnosed primary or secondary dysmenorrhea. Treatment pattern analyses focused on hormonal medications, analgesics, hemostatic agents, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and gynecological surgeries. Data were collected on health care resource utilization and costs associated with medications, imaging procedures, and inpatient and outpatient care in both patients and matched controls. Results The analysis included 6,315 women with dysmenorrhea (3,441 primary; 2,874 secondary). The most commonly prescribed initial therapies were low-dose estrogen progestins (LEPs, 37.7%) and TCM (30.0%), with substantial differences between primary (LEPs: 27.4%, TCM: 38.8%) and secondary (LEPs: 50.2%, TCM: 19.5%) dysmenorrhea cohorts. Surgery was conducted in <5% of all patients. Both primary and secondary cohorts of dysmenorrhea had significantly higher mean total health care costs compared to controls within the 1-year period following diagnosis (Case-primary: 191,680 JPY [1,916 USD]; secondary: 246,488 JPY [2,465 USD], Control-primary: 83,615 JPY [836 USD]; secondary: 90,711 JPY [907 USD]) (p<0.0001). After adjusting for baseline characteristics, these costs were 2.2 and 2.9 times higher for primary and secondary dysmenorrhea cohorts, respectively, compared with matched controls, (both p<0.0001). The main driver of these excess costs was outpatient care, with eight additional physician visits per year among dysmenorrhea patients compared to controls (p<0.0001). Conclusion Considerable heterogeneity in treatment patterns was observed, with relatively low utilization of LEPs in patients with primary dysmenorrhea and those treated by internal medicine physicians. Total annual health care costs were approximately 2–3 times higher in patients with dysmenorrhea compared to women without the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erika Tanaka
- Advocacy and External Affairs, Market Access, Bayer Yakuhin, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Olivier Cristeau
- Health Economics and Outcome Research, Creativ-Ceutical, Paris, France
| | | | - Yutaka Osuga
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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El-Fattah MA, Aboelmagd M, Elhamouly M. Prognostic factors of hepatocellular carcinoma survival after radiofrequency ablation: A US population-based study. United European Gastroenterol J 2017; 5:227-235. [PMID: 28344790 PMCID: PMC5349365 DOI: 10.1177/2050640616659024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the survival outcome and prognostic factors of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) survival in patients who underwent radiofrequency ablation (RFA). METHODS The Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database was queried: There were 2588 HCC patients from 2004 to 2012 who underwent RFA. The Kaplan-Meier curves and the multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to assess the prognostic factors. RESULTS With a median follow-up of 20 months, the 1-, 3- and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates were: 83%, 51% and 33%. Patients with a tumor size ≤5 cm in diameter had a better 5-year OS, as compared to patients with a tumor size >5 cm. The 5-year OS was significantly higher among patients with a normal level of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), compared with those having elevated AFP. In an adjusted multivariate Cox regression analysis, those with ≥60 years of age (HR: 1.19; 95% CI 1.05-1.36), non-Asian race (HR: 1.53; 95% CI 1.30-1.81), tumor size >5 cm (HR: 1.43; 95% CI 1.24-1.65), elevated AFP (HR: 1.42; 95% CI 1.22-1.64), American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stages II-III (HR: 1.30; 95% CI 1.14-1.48) and the year of diagnosis from 2004-2007 (HR: 1.22; 95% CI 1.07-1.40) were significantly associated with a poor prognosis. CONCLUSIONS Age, race, tumor size, AFP level, AJCC stage and year of diagnosis were prognostic factors for OS in HCC patients who underwent RFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abd El-Fattah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty
of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Aboelmagd
- Department of Internal Medicine,
Division of Endemic and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal
University , Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Elhamouly
- Department of Internal Medicine,
Division of Endemic and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal
University , Ismailia, Egypt
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulators must act to protect the public when evidence indicates safety problems with medical devices. This requires complex tradeoffs among risks and benefits, which conventional safety surveillance methods do not incorporate. OBJECTIVE To combine explicit regulator loss functions with statistical evidence on medical device safety signals to improve decision making. METHODS In the Hospital Cost and Utilization Project National Inpatient Sample, we select pediatric inpatient admissions and identify adverse medical device events (AMDEs). We fit hierarchical Bayesian models to the annual hospital-level AMDE rates, accounting for patient and hospital characteristics. These models produce expected AMDE rates (a safety target), against which we compare the observed rates in a test year to compute a safety signal. We specify a set of loss functions that quantify the costs and benefits of each action as a function of the safety signal. We integrate the loss functions over the posterior distribution of the safety signal to obtain the posterior (Bayes) risk; the preferred action has the smallest Bayes risk. Using simulation and an analysis of AMDE data, we compare our minimum-risk decisions to a conventional Z score approach for classifying safety signals. RESULTS The 2 rules produced different actions for nearly half of hospitals (45%). In the simulation, decisions that minimize Bayes risk outperform Z score-based decisions, even when the loss functions or hierarchical models are misspecified. LIMITATIONS Our method is sensitive to the choice of loss functions; eliciting quantitative inputs to the loss functions from regulators is challenging. CONCLUSIONS A decision-theoretic approach to acting on safety signals is potentially promising but requires careful specification of loss functions in consultation with subject matter experts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Hatfield
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA (LAH, VA)
| | - Christine M Baugh
- Interfaculty Initiative in Health Policy, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA (CMB)
| | - Vanessa Azzone
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA (LAH, VA)
| | - Sharon-Lise T Normand
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School and Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA (S-LTN)
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Jermendy G, Kempler P, Abonyi-Tóth Z, Rokszin G, Wittmann I. [Changes in features of diabetes care in Hungary in the period of years 2001-2014. Aims and methods of the database analysis of the National Health Insurance Fund]. Orv Hetil 2017; 157:1259-65. [PMID: 27499284 DOI: 10.1556/650.2016.30519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In the last couple of years, database analyses have become increasingly popular among clinical-epidemiological investigations. In Hungary, the National Health Insurance Fund serves as central database of all medical attendances in state departments and purchases of drug prescriptions in pharmacies. Data from in- and outpatient departments as well as those from pharmacies are regularly collected in this database which is public and accessible on request. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the database of the National Health Insurance Fund in order to analyze the diabetes-associated morbidity and mortality in the period of years 2001-2014. Moreover, data of therapeutic costs, features of hospitalizations and practice of antidiabetic treatment were examined. The authors report now on the method of the database analysis. It is to be hoped that the upcoming results of this investigation will add some new data to recent knowledge about diabetes care in Hungary. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(32), 1259-1265.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Péter Kempler
- I. Belgyógyászati Klinika, Semmelweis Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar Budapest
| | | | | | - István Wittmann
- II. Belgyógyászati Klinika és Nephrologiai Centrum, Pécsi Tudományegyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar Pécs
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Guzman JZ, Skovrlj B, Rothenberg ES, Lu Y, McAnany S, Cho SK, Hecht AC, Qureshi SA. The Burden of Clostridium difficile after Cervical Spine Surgery. Global Spine J 2016; 6:314-21. [PMID: 27190732 PMCID: PMC4868580 DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1562933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Study Design Retrospective database analysis. Objective The purpose of this study is to investigate incidence, comorbidities, and impact on health care resources of Clostridium difficile infection after cervical spine surgery. Methods A total of 1,602,130 cervical spine surgeries from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database from 2002 to 2011 were included. Patients were included for study based on International Classification of Diseases Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification procedural codes for cervical spine surgery for degenerative spine diagnoses. Baseline patient characteristics were determined. Multivariable analyses assessed factors associated with increased incidence of C. difficile and risk of mortality. Results Incidence of C. difficile infection in postoperative cervical spine surgery hospitalizations is 0.08%, significantly increased since 2002 (p < 0.0001). The odds of postoperative C. difficile infection were significantly increased in patients with comorbidities such as congestive heart failure, renal failure, and perivascular disease. Circumferential cervical fusion (odds ratio [OR] = 2.93, p < 0.0001) increased the likelihood of developing C. difficile infection after degenerative cervical spine surgery. C. difficile infection after cervical spine surgery results in extended length of stay (p < 0.0001) and increased hospital costs (p < 0.0001). Mortality rate in patients who develop C. difficile after cervical spine surgery is nearly 8% versus 0.19% otherwise (p < 0.0001). Moreover, multivariate analysis revealed C. difficile to be a significant predictor of inpatient mortality (OR = 3.99, p < 0.0001). Conclusions C. difficile increases the risk of in-hospital mortality and costs approximately $6,830,695 per year to manage in patients undergoing elective cervical spine surgery. Patients with comorbidities such as renal failure or congestive heart failure have increased probability of developing infection after surgery. Accepted antibiotic guidelines in this population must be followed to decrease the risk of developing postoperative C. difficile colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Z. Guzman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
| | - Branko Skovrlj
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
| | - Edward S. Rothenberg
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
| | - Young Lu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
| | - Steven McAnany
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
| | - Samuel K. Cho
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
| | - Andrew C. Hecht
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
| | - Sheeraz A. Qureshi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States,Address for correspondence Sheeraz A. Qureshi, MD Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mount Sinai Medical Center5 East 98 Street, 9th Floor, New York, NY 10029United States
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Soukup T, Petrides KV, Lamb BW, Sarkar S, Arora S, Shah S, Darzi A, Green JSA, Sevdalis N. The anatomy of clinical decision-making in multidisciplinary cancer meetings: A cross-sectional observational study of teams in a natural context. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e3885. [PMID: 27310981 PMCID: PMC4998467 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000003885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the UK, treatment recommendations for patients with cancer are routinely made by multidisciplinary teams in weekly meetings. However, their performance is variable.The aim of this study was to explore the underlying structure of multidisciplinary decision-making process, and examine how it relates to team ability to reach a decision.This is a cross-sectional observational study consisting of 1045 patient reviews across 4 multidisciplinary cancer teams from teaching and community hospitals in London, UK, from 2010 to 2014. Meetings were chaired by surgeons.We used a validated observational instrument (Metric for the Observation of Decision-making in Cancer Multidisciplinary Meetings) consisting of 13 items to assess the decision-making process of each patient discussion. Rated on a 5-point scale, the items measured quality of presented patient information, and contributions to review by individual disciplines. A dichotomous outcome (yes/no) measured team ability to reach a decision. Ratings were submitted to Exploratory Factor Analysis and regression analysis.The exploratory factor analysis produced 4 factors, labeled "Holistic and Clinical inputs" (patient views, psychosocial aspects, patient history, comorbidities, oncologists', nurses', and surgeons' inputs), "Radiology" (radiology results, radiologists' inputs), "Pathology" (pathology results, pathologists' inputs), and "Meeting Management" (meeting chairs' and coordinators' inputs). A negative cross-loading was observed from surgeons' input on the fourth factor with a follow-up analysis showing negative correlation (r = -0.19, P < 0.001). In logistic regression, all 4 factors predicted team ability to reach a decision (P < 0.001).Hawthorne effect is the main limitation of the study.The decision-making process in cancer meetings is driven by 4 underlying factors representing the complete patient profile and contributions to case review by all core disciplines. Evidence of dual-task interference was observed in relation to the meeting chairs' input and their corresponding surgical input into case reviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayana Soukup
- NIHR Imperial Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London
| | | | - Benjamin W. Lamb
- NIHR Imperial Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London
- University College London Hospital
| | - Somita Sarkar
- NIHR Imperial Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London
| | - Sonal Arora
- NIHR Imperial Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London
| | - Sujay Shah
- NIHR Imperial Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London
| | - Ara Darzi
- NIHR Imperial Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London
| | - James S. A. Green
- Whipps Cross University Hospital
- Faculty of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University
| | - Nick Sevdalis
- Centre for Implementation Science, King's College London, London, UK
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35
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Fademrecht S, Scheller PN, Nestl BM, Hauer B, Pleiss J. Identification of imine reductase-specific sequence motifs. Proteins 2016; 84:600-10. [PMID: 26857686 DOI: 10.1002/prot.25008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Chiral amines are valuable building blocks for the production of a variety of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and other specialty chemicals. Only recently, imine reductases (IREDs) were discovered which catalyze the stereoselective reduction of imines to chiral amines. Although several IREDs were biochemically characterized in the last few years, knowledge of the reaction mechanism and the molecular basis of substrate specificity and stereoselectivity is limited. To gain further insights into the sequence-function relationships, the Imine Reductase Engineering Database (www.IRED.BioCatNet.de) was established and a systematic analysis of 530 putative IREDs was performed. A standard numbering scheme based on R-IRED-Sk was introduced to facilitate the identification and communication of structurally equivalent positions in different proteins. A conservation analysis revealed a highly conserved cofactor binding region and a predominantly hydrophobic substrate binding cleft. Two IRED-specific motifs were identified, the cofactor binding motif GLGxMGx(5 )[ATS]x(4) Gx(4) [VIL]WNR[TS]x(2) [KR] and the active site motif Gx[DE]x[GDA]x[APS]x(3){K}x[ASL]x[LMVIAG]. Our results indicate a preference toward NADPH for all IREDs and explain why, despite their sequence similarity to β-hydroxyacid dehydrogenases (β-HADs), no conversion of β-hydroxyacids has been observed. Superfamily-specific conservations were investigated to explore the molecular basis of their stereopreference. Based on our analysis and previous experimental results on IRED mutants, an exclusive role of standard position 187 for stereoselectivity is excluded. Alternatively, two standard positions 139 and 194 were identified which are superfamily-specifically conserved and differ in R- and S-selective enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Fademrecht
- Institute of Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Philipp N Scheller
- Institute of Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Bettina M Nestl
- Institute of Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hauer
- Institute of Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jürgen Pleiss
- Institute of Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess persistence rates of biologic agents for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in Japan. METHODS Based on Japanese claims data of 16,214 patients between 2012 and 2014, 6-, 12-, and 18-month persistence rates of different biologic agents were calculated. Determinants of persistence were assessed by means of a multivariate Cox proportional hazard model controlling for age, sex, and comorbidities. A sensitivity analysis was performed with different definitions of persistence and parametric survival analysis. RESULTS Overall persistence rates in Japan are high and reach 86% after 1 year in the entire sample. The persistence rate for the biologic-naïve subpopulation is above 95%. Persistence is higher for older patients (hazard ratio 0.60 [95% confidence interval 0.40-0.91] for >75 years compared to ≤60 years) and lower for patients with a high comorbidity score (hazard ratio 1.33; 95% confidence interval 1.03-1.70 for Charlson Comorbidity Index score 3-5 compared to ≤2). We found a high variation of persistence between different drugs. CONCLUSION Japanese rheumatoid arthritis patients have a high persistence rate of biologic treatments. However, multiple factors affect the persistence rate of Japanese patients, including age, comorbidities, and patient type. Naïve patients tend to have a higher persistence rate than continuing biologic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Mahlich
- Health Economics, Janssen Pharmaceutical KK, Tokyo, Japan
- Düsseldorf Institute for Competition Economics (DICE), University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Correspondence: Jörg Mahlich, Health Economics, Janssen Pharmaceutical KK, 5-2, Nishi-kanda 3-chome Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0065, Japan, Tel +81 3 4411 5666, Fax +81 3 4411 5050, Email
| | - Rosarin Sruamsiri
- Health Economics, Janssen Pharmaceutical KK, Tokyo, Japan
- Center of Pharmaceutical Outcomes Research, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
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Kamal K, Maurya HK, Gupta A, Vasudev PG. Crystal structures of four δ-keto esters and a Cambridge Structural Database analysis of cyano-halogen interactions. Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2015; 71:921-8. [PMID: 26422224 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229615017106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The revived interest in halogen bonding as a tool in pharmaceutical cocrystals and drug design has indicated that cyano-halogen interactions could play an important role. The crystal structures of four closely related δ-keto esters, which differ only in the substitution at a single C atom (by H, OMe, Cl and Br), are compared, namely ethyl 2-cyano-5-oxo-5-phenyl-3-(piperidin-1-yl)pent-2-enoate, C19H22N2O3, (1), ethyl 2-cyano-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-oxo-3-(piperidin-1-yl)pent-2-enoate, C20H24N2O4, (2), ethyl 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-cyano-5-oxo-3-(piperidin-1-yl)pent-2-enoate, C19H21ClN2O3, (3), and the previously published ethyl 5-(4-bromophenyl)-2-cyano-5-oxo-3-(piperidin-1-yl)pent-2-enoate, C19H21BrN2O3, (4) [Maurya, Vasudev & Gupta (2013). RSC Adv. 3, 12955-12962]. The molecular conformations are very similar, while there are differences in the molecular assemblies. Intermolecular C-H...O hydrogen bonds are found to be the primary interactions in the crystal packing and are present in all four structures. The halogenated derivatives have additional aromatic-aromatic interactions and cyano-halogen interactions, further stabilizing the molecular packing. A database analysis of cyano-halogen interactions using the Cambridge Structural Database [CSD; Groom & Allen (2014). Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 53, 662-671] revealed that about 13% of the organic molecular crystals containing both cyano and halogen groups have cyano-halogen interactions in their packing. Three geometric parameters for the C-X...N[triple-bond]C interaction (X = F, Cl, Br or I), viz. the N...X distance and the C-X...N and C-N...X angles, were analysed. The results indicate that all the short cyano-halogen contacts in the CSD can be classified as halogen bonds, which are directional noncovalent interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kulsoom Kamal
- Metabolic and Structural Biology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, CIMAP-PO, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226 015, India
| | - Hardesh K Maurya
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, CIMAP-PO, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226 015, India
| | - Atul Gupta
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, CIMAP-PO, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226 015, India
| | - Prema G Vasudev
- Metabolic and Structural Biology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, CIMAP-PO, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226 015, India
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Chouchana L, Narjoz C, Roche D, Golmard JL, Pineau B, Chatellier G, Beaune P, Loriot MA. Interindividual variability in TPMT enzyme activity: 10 years of experience with thiopurine pharmacogenetics and therapeutic drug monitoring. Pharmacogenomics 2015; 15:745-57. [PMID: 24897283 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.14.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS TPMT activity and metabolite determination (6-thioguanine nucleotides [6-TGN] and 6-methylmercaptopurine nucleotides [6-MMPN]) remain controversial during thiopurine management. This study assessed associations between patient characteristics and TPMT activity, and their impact on metabolite levels. PATIENTS & METHODS A retrospective review of the laboratory database from a French university hospital identified 7360 patients referred for TPMT phenotype/genotype determination, and/or for 6-TGN/6-MMPN monitoring. RESULTS Four TPMT phenotypes were identified according to TPMT activity distribution: low, intermediate, normal/high and very high. Based on 6775 assays, 6-TGN concentrations were 1.6-fold higher in TPMT-deficient patients compared with TPMT-normal patients. Azathioprine dose and TPMT genotype were significant predictors of metabolite levels. Furthermore, 6-MMPN and 6-MMPN: 6-TGN ratios were, respectively, 1.6- and 2.2-fold higher in females than in males, despite similar TPMT, 6-TGN and azathioprine doses. An unfavorable ratio (≥20) was associated with a slightly higher TPMT activity. CONCLUSION These results illustrate the usefulness of pharmacogenomics and metabolite measurement to improve the identification of noncompliance and patients at high risk for toxicity or therapeutic resistance. Original submitted 13 November 2013; Revision submitted 30 January 2014.
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Pourayoubi M, Abrishami M, Eigner V, Nečas M, Dušek M, Delavar M. Two new thiophosphoramide structures: N,N',N''-tricyclohexylphosphorothioic triamide and O,O'-diethyl (2-phenylhydrazin-1-yl)thiophosphonate. Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2014; 70:1147-52. [PMID: 25471416 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229614022608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The compound N,N',N''-tricyclohexylphosphorothioic triamide, C18H36N3PS or P(S)[NHC6H11]3, (I), crystallizes in the space group Pnma with the molecule lying across a mirror plane; one N atom lies on the mirror plane, whereas the bond-angle sum at the other N atom has a deviation of some 8° from the ideal value of 360° for a planar configuration. The orientation of the atoms attached to this nonplanar N atom corresponds to an anti orientation of the corresponding lone electron pair (LEP) with respect to the P=S group. The P=S bond length of 1.9785 (6) Å is within the expected range for compounds with a P(S)[N]3 skeleton; however, it is in the region of the longest bond lengths found for analogous structures. This may be due to the involvement of the P=S group in N-H···S=P hydrogen bonds. In O,O'-diethyl (2-phenylhydrazin-1-yl)thiophosphonate, C10H17N2O2PS or P(S)[OC2H5]2[NHNHC6H5], (II), the bond-angle sum at the N atom attached to the phenyl ring is 345.1°, whereas, for the N atom bonded to the P atom, a practically planar environment is observed, with a bond-angle sum of 359.1°. A Cambridge Structural Database [CSD; Allen (2002). Acta Cryst. B58, 380-388] analysis shows a shift of the maximum population of P=S bond lengths in compounds with a P(S)[O]2[N] skeleton to the shorter bond lengths relative to compounds with a P(S)[N]3 skeleton. The influence of this difference on the collective tendencies of N···S distances in N-H···S hydrogen bonds for structures with P(S)[N]3 and P(S)[O]2[N] segments were studied through a CSD analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mozhgan Abrishami
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, 19395-4697 Tehran, Iran
| | - Václav Eigner
- Department of Solid State Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Nečas
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Dušek
- Institute of Physics AS CR, v.v.i., Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Mahmoud Delavar
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, 19395-4697 Tehran, Iran
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Pourayoubi M, Tarahhomi A, Rheingold AL, Golen JA. Three new phosphoric triamides with a [C(O)NH]P(O)[N(C)(C)]2 skeleton: a database analysis of C-N-C and P-N-C bond angles. Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2014; 70:998-1002. [PMID: 25279604 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229614020488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In N,N,N',N'-tetraethyl-N''-(4-fluorobenzoyl)phosphoric triamide, C15H25FN3O2P, (I), and N-(2,6-difluorobenzoyl)-N',N''-bis(4-methylpiperidin-1-yl)phosphoric triamide, C19H28F2N3O2P, (II), the C-N-C angle at each tertiary N atom is significantly smaller than the two P-N-C angles. For the other new structure, N,N'-dicyclohexyl-N''-(2-fluorobenzoyl)-N,N'-dimethylphosphoric triamide, C21H33FN3O2P, (III), one C-N-C angle [117.08 (12)°] has a greater value than the related P-N-C angle [115.59 (9)°] at the same N atom. Furthermore, for most of the analogous structures with a [C(=O)NH]P(=O)[N(C)(C)]2 skeleton deposited in the Cambridge Structural Database [CSD; Allen (2002). Acta Cryst. B58, 380-388], the C-N-C angle is significantly smaller than the two P-N-C angles; exceptions were found for four structures with the N-methylcyclohexylamide substituent, similar to (III), one structure with the seven-membered cyclic amide azepan-1-yl substituent and one structure with an N-methylbenzylamide substituent. The asymmetric units of (I), (II) and (III) contain one molecule, and in the crystal structures, adjacent molecules are linked via pairs of N-H···O=P hydrogen bonds to form dimers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Atekeh Tarahhomi
- Department of Chemistry, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Arnold L Rheingold
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - James A Golen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Lee WC, Dekoven M, Bouchard J, Massoudi M, Langer J. Improved real-world glycaemic outcomes with liraglutide versus other incretin-based therapies in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2014; 16:819-26. [PMID: 24581276 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM Liraglutide (LIRA) once-daily has provided greater A1C reductions than either exenatide (EXEN) twice-daily or sitagliptin (SITA) once-daily in head-to-head trials. The objective of this analysis is to compare the real-world clinical effectiveness of these agents in the USA. METHODS Using the IMS Health (Alexandria, VA, USA) integrated claims database, A1C outcomes in patients aged ≥ 18 years with type 2 diabetes (T2D) who initiated either LIRA, EXEN or SITA (including SITA/metformin) were retrospectively compared. Patients included in the analysis had ≥ 1 prescription for LIRA, EXEN or SITA between January and December 2010 (index period) and persisted with their index treatment regimens for 6 months post-index. Outcomes included changes in A1C from baseline (45 days pre-index through 7 days post-index) to follow-up [6 months post-index (± 45)] and the proportion of patients reaching A1C<7%. Multivariable regression models adjusted for confounding factors (e.g. age, comorbidities, baseline A1C and background antidiabetic therapy). RESULTS The predicted change in A1C from baseline was greater for LIRA patients compared with both SITA (-1.08 vs. -0.68%; treatment difference 0.40%, p < 0.0001) and EXEN (-1.08 vs. -0.75%; treatment difference 0.32%, p < 0.001). Predicted A1C goal achievement, derived from the multivariate logistic regression model, was higher with LIRA compared with both SITA [64.4% (95% confidence interval, CI: 63.5-65.3) vs. 49.4% (95% CI: 48.5-50.4); p < 0.0001] and EXEN [64.4% (95% CI: 63.5-65.3) vs. 53.6% (95% CI: 52.6-54.6); p < 0.0001]. CONCLUSIONS In clinical practice, LIRA was associated with significantly greater reductions in A1C and improved glycaemic goal attainment compared with either EXEN or SITA among adult patients with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- W C Lee
- Health Economics & Outcomes Research, IMS Health, Alexandria, VA, USA
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Scheller PN, Fademrecht S, Hofelzer S, Pleiss J, Leipold F, Turner NJ, Nestl BM, Hauer B. Enzyme toolbox: novel enantiocomplementary imine reductases. Chembiochem 2014; 15:2201-4. [PMID: 25163890 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201402213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Reducing reactions are among the most useful transformations for the generation of chiral compounds in the fine-chemical industry. Because of their exquisite selectivities, enzymatic approaches have emerged as the method of choice for the reduction of C=O and activated C=C bonds. However, stereoselective enzymatic reduction of C=N bonds is still in its infancy-it was only recently described after the discovery of enzymes capable of imine reduction. In our work, we increased the spectrum of imine-reducing enzymes by database analysis. By combining the currently available knowledge about the function of imine reductases with the experimentally uncharacterized diversity stored in protein sequence databases, three novel imine reductases with complementary enantiopreference were identified along with amino acids important for catalysis. Furthermore, their reducing capability was demonstrated by the reduction of the pharmaceutically relevant prochiral imine 2-methylpyrroline. These novel enzymes exhibited comparable to higher catalytic efficiencies than previously described enzymes, and their biosynthetic potential is highlighted by the full conversion of 2-methylpyrroline in whole cells with excellent selectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp N Scheller
- Institute of Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart (Germany)
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Liou WS, Hsieh SC, Chang WY, Wu GHM, Huang HS, Lee C. Brand name or generic? What are the health professionals prescribed for treating diabetes? A longitudinal analysis of the National Health Insurance reimbursement database. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2013; 22:752-9. [PMID: 23625864 DOI: 10.1002/pds.3445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Revised: 01/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore whether physicians prescribe more brand-name oral hypoglycemic agents (OHA) for diabetic patients with medical training background (MP) than for general patients (GP). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A longitudinal analysis of 1,000,000 National Health Insurance cohorts of 1998-2008 was conducted. Univariate and multivariate models were performed to assess the associations of the outcome (the ratio of brand-name/generic odds in the MP group to that in the GP group) and the covariates, including patient medical training background, characteristics of patient, prescriber, and medical settings, and market competition. A generalized estimating equation method was used to control the dependency of longitudinal data. RESULTS A total of 46,850 diabetic patients were prescribed with 2,703,149 OHA prescriptions during the study period. Compared with GP, MP had 1.37 times greater odds of being prescribed with brand-name instead of generic OHA, among whom pharmacists and physicians had the highest odds ratios of 2.78 (95%CI, 1.05-7.36) and 1.68 (95%CI, 0.99-2.85), respectively. Patients' diabetes severity, prescribers' level of experience, medical settings that were publicly owned, had a higher accreditation level, and were located in a higher urbanized area, lower market competition, and earlier dates of prescription were positively associated with brand-name prescription. Among all medical sub-specialties, cardiologists were more likely to prescribe brand-name OHA. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to demonstrate how a patients' medical training background, in addition to the characteristics of patients, prescribers, and medical settings, and market competition might influence physicians' prescribing choice of brand-name or generic OHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Shyong Liou
- Department of Pharmacy, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Mody R, Eisenberg D, Hou L, Kamat S, Singer J, Gerson LB. Comparison of health care resource utilization and costs among patients with GERD on once-daily or twice-daily proton pump inhibitor therapy. Clinicoecon Outcomes Res 2013; 5:161-9. [PMID: 23637544 PMCID: PMC3639021 DOI: 10.2147/ceor.s41189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to assess differences in health care resource utilization and costs associated with once-daily and twice-daily proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy. Most patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) achieve symptom control on once-daily PPI therapy, but approximately 20%-30% require twice-daily dosing. METHODS Patients were ≥18 years of age with at least one medical claim for GERD and at least two PPI claims from HealthCore's Integrated Research Database (HIRD(SM)) during 2004-2009. Patients were continuously eligible for 12 months before and after the index date (date of first PPI claim). Based on PPI dosing throughout the post-index period (quantity of medication dispensed/number of days supply), patients were classified as once-daily (dose ≤ 1.5 pills per day) or twice-daily (≥1.5) PPI users. RESULTS The study cohort included 248,386 patients with GERD (mean age 52.8 ± 13.93 years, 56% females) of whom 90% were once-daily and 10% were twice-daily PPI users. The Deyo-Charlson Comorbidity Index for once-daily and twice-daily PPI users was 0.70 ± 1.37 and 0.89 ± 1.54, respectively (P < 0.05). More once-daily patients had claims for Barrett's esophagus (5% versus 2%, P < 0.0001) than twice-daily patients. Post-index, higher proportions of twice-daily patients had at least one GERD-related inpatient visit (7% versus 5%), outpatient visit (60% versus 49%), and office visit (48% versus 38%) versus once-daily patients (P < 0.0001). Mean total GERD-related health care costs were $2065 ± $6636 versus $3749 ± $11,081 for once-daily and twice-daily PPI users, respectively (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Patients receiving twice-daily PPI therapy were likely to have more comorbid conditions and greater health care utilization and overall costs compared with patients using once-daily PPI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reema Mody
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Inc, Deerfield, IL
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Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a versatile molecule used mainly for energy and a phosphate source. The hydrolysis of γ phosphate initiates the reactions and these reactions almost always start when ATP binds to protein. Therefore, there should be a mechanism to prevent spontaneous hydrolysis reaction and a mechanism to lead ATP to a pure energy source or to a phosphate source. To address these questions, we extensively analyzed the effect of protein to ATP conformation based on the sampling of the ATP solution conformations obtained from molecular dynamics simulation and the sampling of ATP structures bound to protein found in a protein structure database. The comparison revealed mainly the following three points; 1) The ribose ring in ATP molecule, which puckers in many ways in solution, tends to assume either C2′ exo or C2′ endo when it binds to protein. 2) The adenine ring in ATP molecule, which takes open-book motion with the two ring structures, has two distinct structures when ATP binds to protein. 3) The glycosyl-bond and the bond between phosphate and the ribose have unique torsion angles, when ATP binds to protein. The combination of torsion angles found in protein-bound forms is under-represented in ATP molecule in water. These findings suggest that ATP-binding protein exerts forces on ATP molecule to assume a conformation that is rarely found in solution, and that this conformation change should be a trigger for the reactions on ATP molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | - Kei Yura
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan; Center for Informational Biology, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan; Center for Simulation Sciences, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Nagai
- Faculty of Political Science and Economics, Kokushikan University, 4-28-1, Setagaya, Tokyo 154-8515, Japan
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Lai JC, Feng S, Roberts JP. An examination of liver offers to candidates on the liver transplant wait-list. Gastroenterology 2012; 143:1261-1265. [PMID: 22841780 PMCID: PMC3480537 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2012.07.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS We aimed to characterize offers of organs to candidates awaiting liver transplantation (LT). METHODS We analyzed data from the United Network for Organ Sharing registry on all US LT candidates with nonfulminant disease who were offered livers from February 1, 2005, to January 31, 2010, and ultimately received transplants. We excluded candidates with a final Model for End-stage Liver Disease score of less than 15. Livers were classified as high quality if they were from donors 18-50 years of age who were ≥ 170 cm tall, of non-black race, suffered brain death secondary to trauma, hepatitis C antibody-negative, not categorized as high risk by the Centers for Disease Control, and locally or regionally located. RESULTS Of 33,389 candidates for LT, 20% died or were removed from the list and 64% received LT; the median (interquartile range) number of liver offers for all candidates was 5 (range, 2-12). Of those who died or were removed from the list, 84% received 1 or more liver offers. Overall, 55% of those who died or were removed from the list, and 57% of those who received LT, received 1 or more offers of a high-quality liver when they had Model for End-stage Liver Disease scores of 15 or greater (P = .005). However, the proportion of last liver offers of high quality to patients who underwent LT was twice that of patients who died or were removed from the list (28% vs 14%; P < .001). Most liver offers (68%) were refused for reasons related to donor quality. CONCLUSIONS Most candidates for LT who died or were removed from the list received 1 or more offers of a liver beforehand, and 55% received 1 or more offers of a high-quality liver. These findings indicate that a substantial proportion of wait-list mortality results in part from declined livers, rather than lack of opportunity, for transplantation. Understanding the real-time factors involved in the complex decision to accept a liver offer is vital to reducing wait-list mortality for LT candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Cindy Lai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Sandy Feng
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - John Paul Roberts
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
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Oudemans PV, Pozdnyakova L, Hughes MG, Rahman F. GIS and Remote Sensing for Detecting Yield Loss in Cranberry Culture. J Nematol 2002; 34:207-212. [PMID: 19265935 PMCID: PMC2620566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary goal of our research is to develop key elements of a precision agriculture program applicable to high-value woody perennial crops, such as cranberries. These crop systems exhibit tremendous variability in crop yields and quality as imposed by variations in soil properties (water availability and nutrient deficiency) that lead to crop stress (disease development and weed competition). Some of the variability present in the growing environment results in persistent yield losses as well as crop-quality reductions. We are using state-of-the-art methodologies (GIS, GPS, remote sensing) to identify and map spatial variations of the crop. Through image-processing methods (NDVI and unsupervised classification), approximately 65% of the variation in yield was described using 4-m multispectral satellite data as a base image.
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