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Yang Y, Lai Y, Tong X, Li Z, Cheng Y, Tian LW. Arjunolic acid ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced depressive behavior by inhibiting neuroinflammation via microglial SIRT1/AMPK/Notch1 signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 330:118225. [PMID: 38670408 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Neuroinflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of depression disorder by activating microglia cells, increasing proinflammatory cytokines, effecting serotonin synthesis and metabolism, and neuronal apoptosis and neurogenesis. Arjunolic acid (ARG) is a triterpenoid derived from the fruits of Akebia trifoliata for treating psychiatric disorders in TCM clinic, which exhibits anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. However, its anti-depressive effect and underlying mechanism are unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study is to explore the effect of arjunolic acid on depression and its possible mechanisms. METHODS Intraperitoneal injection of LPS in mice and LPS stimulated-BV2 microglia were utilized to set up in vivo and in vitro models. Behavioral tests, H&E staining and ELISA were employed to evaluate the effect of arjunolic acid on depression. RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence, molecular docking and Western blot were performed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms. RESULTS Arjunolic acid dramatically ameliorated depressive behavior in LPS-induced mice. The levels of BDNF and 5-HT in the hippocampus of the mice were increased, while the number of iNOS + IBA1+ cells in the brain were decreased and Arg1+IBA1+ positive cells were increased after arjunolic acid treatment. In addition, arjunolic acid promoted the polarization of BV2 microglia from M1 to M2 type. Notably, drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS), cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) and molecular docking technologies identified SIRT1 as the target of arjunolic acid. Moreover, after SIRT1 inhibition by using EX-527, the effects of arjunolic acid on ameliorating LPS-induced depressive behavior in mice and promoting M2 Microglia polarization were blocked. In addition, arjunolic acid activated AMPK and decreased Notch1 expression, however, inhibition of AMPK, the effect of arjunolic acid on the downregulation of Notch1 expression were weaken. CONCLUSIONS This study elucidates that arjunolic acid suppressed neuroinflammation through modulating the SIRT1/AMPK/Notch1 signaling pathway. Our study demonstrates that arjunolic acid might serve as a potiential anti-depressant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangdong Key Laboratory for translational Cancer research of Chinese Medicine, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China.
| | - Ying Lai
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangdong Key Laboratory for translational Cancer research of Chinese Medicine, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China.
| | - Xueli Tong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Zipei Li
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangdong Key Laboratory for translational Cancer research of Chinese Medicine, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Cheng
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangdong Key Laboratory for translational Cancer research of Chinese Medicine, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China.
| | - Li-Wen Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Azam HMH, Rößling RI, Geithe C, Khan MM, Dinter F, Hanack K, Prüß H, Husse B, Roggenbuck D, Schierack P, Rödiger S. MicroRNA biomarkers as next-generation diagnostic tools for neurodegenerative diseases: a comprehensive review. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1386735. [PMID: 38883980 PMCID: PMC11177777 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1386735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are characterized by abnormalities within neurons of the brain or spinal cord that gradually lose function, eventually leading to cell death. Upon examination of affected tissue, pathological changes reveal a loss of synapses, misfolded proteins, and activation of immune cells-all indicative of disease progression-before severe clinical symptoms become apparent. Early detection of NDs is crucial for potentially administering targeted medications that may delay disease advancement. Given their complex pathophysiological features and diverse clinical symptoms, there is a pressing need for sensitive and effective diagnostic methods for NDs. Biomarkers such as microRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified as potential tools for detecting these diseases. We explore the pivotal role of miRNAs in the context of NDs, focusing on Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Multiple sclerosis, Huntington's disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. The review delves into the intricate relationship between aging and NDs, highlighting structural and functional alterations in the aging brain and their implications for disease development. It elucidates how miRNAs and RNA-binding proteins are implicated in the pathogenesis of NDs and underscores the importance of investigating their expression and function in aging. Significantly, miRNAs exert substantial influence on post-translational modifications (PTMs), impacting not just the nervous system but a wide array of tissues and cell types as well. Specific miRNAs have been found to target proteins involved in ubiquitination or de-ubiquitination processes, which play a significant role in regulating protein function and stability. We discuss the link between miRNA, PTM, and NDs. Additionally, the review discusses the significance of miRNAs as biomarkers for early disease detection, offering insights into diagnostic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Muhammad Husnain Azam
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Rosa Ilse Rößling
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christiane Geithe
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Joint Faculty of the Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus - Senftenberg, The Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and the University of Potsdam, Berlin, Germany
| | - Muhammad Moman Khan
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Franziska Dinter
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
- PolyAn GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katja Hanack
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Harald Prüß
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Britta Husse
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Roggenbuck
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Peter Schierack
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Rödiger
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Joint Faculty of the Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus - Senftenberg, The Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and the University of Potsdam, Berlin, Germany
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Ruan G, Wu F, Shi D, Sun H, Wang F, Xu C. Metformin: update on mechanisms of action on liver diseases. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1327814. [PMID: 38192642 PMCID: PMC10773879 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1327814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Substantial attention has been paid to the various effects of metformin on liver diseases; the liver is the targeted organ where metformin exerts its antihyperglycemic properties. In non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), studies have shown that metformin affects the ATP/AMP ratio to activate AMPK, subsequently governing lipid metabolism. The latest research showed that low-dose metformin targets the lysosomal AMPK pathway to decrease hepatic triglyceride levels through the PEN2-ATP6AP1 axis in an AMP-independent manner. Metformin regulates caspase-3, eukaryotic initiation factor-2a (eIF2a), and insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) in palmitate-exposed HepG2 cells, alleviating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Recent observations highlighted the critical association with intestinal flora, as confirmed by the finding that metformin decreased the relative abundance of Bacteroides fragilis while increasing Akkermansia muciniphila and Bifidobacterium bifidum. The suppression of intestinal farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and the elevation of short-chain fatty acids resulted in the upregulation of tight junction protein and the alleviation of hepatic inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Additionally, metformin delayed the progression of cirrhosis by regulating the activation and proliferation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) via the TGF-β1/Smad3 and succinate-GPR91 pathways. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), metformin impeded the cell cycle and enhanced the curative effect of antitumor medications. Moreover, metformin protects against chemical-induced and drug-induced liver injury (DILI) against hepatotoxic drugs. These findings suggest that metformin may have pharmacological efficacy against liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoyi Ruan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fangquan Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dibang Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hongxia Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fangyan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Changlong Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Zhang J, Campion S, Catlin N, Reagan WJ, Palyada K, Ramaiah SK, Ramanathan R. Circulating microRNAs as promising testicular translatable safety biomarkers: current state and future perspectives. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:947-961. [PMID: 36795116 PMCID: PMC9933818 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03460-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Drug-induced testicular injury (DITI) is one of the often-observed and challenging safety issues seen during drug development. Semen analysis and circulating hormones currently utilized have significant gaps in their ability to detect testicular damage accurately. In addition, no biomarkers enable a mechanistic understanding of the damage to the different regions of the testis, such as seminiferous tubules, Sertoli, and Leydig cells. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs that modulate gene expression post-transcriptionally and have been indicated to regulate a wide range of biological pathways. Circulating miRNAs can be measured in the body fluids due to tissue-specific cell injury/damage or toxicant exposure. Therefore, these circulating miRNAs have become attractive and promising non-invasive biomarkers for assessing drug-induced testicular injury, with several reports on their use as safety biomarkers for monitoring testicular damage in preclinical species. Leveraging emerging tools such as 'organs-on-chips' that can emulate the human organ's physiological environment and function is starting to enable biomarker discovery, validation, and clinical translation for regulatory qualification and implementation in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangwei Zhang
- Drug Safety Research & Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development & Medical, 10777 Science Center Dr, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Campion
- Drug Safety Research & Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development & Medical, 445 Eastern Point Rd., Groton, CT, USA
| | - Natasha Catlin
- Drug Safety Research & Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development & Medical, 445 Eastern Point Rd., Groton, CT, USA
| | - William J Reagan
- Drug Safety Research & Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development & Medical, 445 Eastern Point Rd., Groton, CT, USA
| | - Kiran Palyada
- Drug Safety Research & Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development & Medical, 10777 Science Center Dr, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Shashi K Ramaiah
- Drug Safety Research & Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development & Medical, 1 Portland St., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ragu Ramanathan
- Drug Safety Research & Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development & Medical, 445 Eastern Point Rd., Groton, CT, USA.
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Bioactive Compounds as Inhibitors of Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Metabolic Dysfunctions via Regulation of Cellular Redox Balance and Histone Acetylation State. Foods 2023; 12:foods12050925. [PMID: 36900446 PMCID: PMC10000917 DOI: 10.3390/foods12050925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactive compounds (BCs) are known to exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties by regulating the cellular redox balance and histone acetylation state. BCs can control chronic oxidative states caused by dietary stress, i.e., alcohol, high-fat, or high-glycemic diet, and adjust the redox balance to recover physiological conditions. Unique functions of BCs to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) can resolve the redox imbalance due to the excessive generation of ROS. The ability of BCs to regulate the histone acetylation state contributes to the activation of transcription factors involved in immunity and metabolism against dietary stress. The protective properties of BCs are mainly ascribed to the roles of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2). As a histone deacetylase (HDAC), SIRT1 modulates the cellular redox balance and histone acetylation state by mediating ROS generation, regulating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)/NADH ratio, and activating NRF2 in metabolic progression. In this study, the unique functions of BCs against diet-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolic dysfunction have been considered by focusing on the cellular redox balance and histone acetylation state. This work may provide evidence for the development of effective therapeutic agents from BCs.
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Peña-Villalobos I, Otárola FA, Casas BS, Sabat P, Palma V. Perinatal Food Deprivation Modifies the Caloric Restriction Response in Adult Mice Through Sirt1. Front Physiol 2021; 12:769444. [PMID: 34925065 PMCID: PMC8675943 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.769444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Variations in the availability of nutritional resources in animals can trigger reversible adjustments, which in the short term are manifested as behavioral and physiological changes. Several of these responses are mediated by Sirt1, which acts as an energy status sensor governing a global genetic program to cope with changes in nutritional status. Growing evidence suggests a key role of the response of the perinatal environment to caloric restriction in the setup of physiological responses in adulthood. The existence of adaptive predictive responses has been proposed, which suggests that early nutrition could establish metabolic capacities suitable for future food-scarce environments. We evaluated how perinatal food deprivation and maternal gestational weight gain impact the transcriptional, physiological, and behavioral responses in mice, when acclimated to caloric restriction in adulthood. Our results show a strong predictive capacity of maternal weight and gestational weight gain, in the expression of Sirt1 and its downstream targets in the brain and liver, mitochondrial enzymatic activity in skeletal muscle, and exploratory behavior in offspring. We also observed differential responses of both lactation and gestational food restriction on gene expression, thermogenesis, organ masses, and behavior, in response to adult caloric restriction. We conclude that the early nutritional state could determine the magnitude of responses to food scarcity later in adulthood, mediated by the pivotal metabolic sensor Sirt1. Our results suggest that maternal gestational weight gain could be an important life history trait and could be used to predict features that improve the invasive capacity or adjustment to seasonal food scarcity of the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Peña-Villalobos
- Department of Ecological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fabiola A Otárola
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bárbara S Casas
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Sabat
- Department of Ecological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Santiago, Chile
| | - Verónica Palma
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Transcriptome and MicroRNAs Profiling Analysis of Huh7.5.1 Cells in Response to Hepatitis C Virus Infection. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.118724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Background: There is a great need for further study on the mechanism of HCV infection or its pathopoiesis mechanism. Therefore, an HCV infection model was used to analyze the mechanisms of transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Methods: The detections of transcriptome and microRNAs expressions in Huh7.5.1 cells infected with JFH-1 were conducted with next-generation sequencing. Moreover, bioinformatics data were obtained. Results: There were 21,827,299, and 42,588,251 reads qualified Illumina read pairs obtained from JFH-1-infected (HCV) and non-infected (blank) Huh7.5.1 cells, respectively. Moreover, 678 and 1,041 mRNAs data with a length of 101 bp from HCV and blank Huh7.5.1 cells cDNA sequence were generated, respectively. The results of comparative transcriptome sequencing analysis declared 460 differentially expressed mRNAs in HCV-infected cells, including 152 upregulated mRNAs and 308 downregulated mRNAs (HCV vs. blank). Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses indicated the involved pathways, such as MAPK, p53, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, as well as oocyte meiosis and pathways in cancer. Conclusions: Our work confirmed the transcriptome and microRNA data profiling from the cell model of HCV infection with JFH-1 using next-generation sequencing (NGS). Furthermore, the gene expression and regulation information or signaling pathways associated with the pathopoiesis mechanism of HCV infection were identified.
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Bazrgar M, Khodabakhsh P, Prudencio M, Mohagheghi F, Ahmadiani A. The role of microRNA-34 family in Alzheimer's disease: A potential molecular link between neurodegeneration and metabolic disorders. Pharmacol Res 2021; 172:105805. [PMID: 34371173 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that overexpression of the microRNA-34 (miR-34) family in the brain may play a crucial role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis by targeting and downregulating genes associated with neuronal survival, synapse formation and plasticity, Aβ clearance, mitochondrial function, antioxidant defense system, and energy metabolism. Additionally, elevated levels of the miR-34 family in the liver and pancreas promote the development of metabolic syndromes (MetS), such as diabetes and obesity. Importantly, MetS represent a well-documented risk factor for sporadic AD. This review focuses on the recent findings regarding the role of the miR-34 family in the pathogenesis of AD and MetS, and proposes miR-34 as a potential molecular link between both disorders. A comprehensive understanding of the functional roles of miR-34 family in the molecular and cellular pathogenesis of AD brains may lead to the discovery of a breakthrough treatment strategy for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Bazrgar
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pariya Khodabakhsh
- Department of Pharmacology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Mohagheghi
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Abolhassan Ahmadiani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
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Alshehri AS, El-Kott AF, El-Kenawy AE, Khalifa HS, AlRamlawy AM. Cadmium chloride induces non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats by stimulating miR-34a/SIRT1/FXR/p53 axis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 784:147182. [PMID: 34088068 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The hepatic activation of p53/miR-43a-induced suppression of SIRT1/FXR axis plays a significant role in the development of NAFLD. In this study, we have investigated CdCl2-induced NAFLD in rats involves activation of miR34a/SIRT1/FXR axis. Adult male rats were divided into 4 groups (n-8/each) as a control, CdCl2 (10 mg/l), CdCl2 + miR-34a antagomir (inhibitor), and CdCl2 + SRT1720 (a SIRT1 activator) for 8 weeks, daily. With no effect on fasting glucose and insulin levels, CdCl2 significantly reduced rats' final body, fat pads, and liver weights, and food intake. Concomitantly, it increased the circulatory levels of liver markers (ALT, AST, and γ-GTT), increased the serum and hepatic levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides coincided with increased hepatic lipid accumulation. Besides, it increased the mRNA and protein levels of SREBP1, SREBP2, FAS, and HMGCOA reductase but reduced mRNA levels of PPARα, CPT1, and CPT2. Interestingly, CdCl2 also increased mRNA levels of miR34 without altering mRNA levels of SIRT1 but with a significant reduction in protein levels of SIRT1. These effects were associated with increased total protein levels of p53 and acetylated protein of p53, and FXR. Of note, suppressing miR-34a with a specific anatomic or activating SIRT1 by SRT1720 completely prevented all these effects and reduced hepatic fat accumulations in the livers of rats. In conclusion, CdCl2 induced NAFLD by increasing the transcription of miR-34a which in turn downregulates SIRT1 at the translational level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali S Alshehri
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Attalla F El-Kott
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia; Zoology Department, College of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt.
| | - Ayman E El-Kenawy
- Pathology Department, College of Medicine, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba S Khalifa
- Zoology Department, College of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Amira M AlRamlawy
- Mansoura Research Centre for Cord Stem Cell (MARC-CSC), Stem cells bank, Children's Hospital, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Su H, Xie J, Wen L, Wang S, Chen S, Li J, Qi C, Zhang Q, He X, Zheng L, Wang L. LncRNA Gas5 regulates Fn1 deposition via Creb5 in renal fibrosis. Epigenomics 2021; 13:699-713. [PMID: 33876672 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2020-0449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Although studies on lncRNAs in renal fibrosis have focused on target genes and functions of lncRNAs, a comprehensive interaction analysis of lncRNAs is lacking. Materials & methods: Differentially expressed genes in renal fibrosis were screened, and the interaction between lncRNAs and miRNAs was searched. Results: We constructed a ceRNA network associated with renal fibrosis, by which we found the transcription factor Creb5, a target gene of lncRNA Gas5 that might regulate extracellular Fn1 deposition. Conclusion: Our study not only provides a theoretical basis for the ceRNA regulation mechanism of Gas5 but also provides experimental evidence supporting the use of Gas5 targeting in the treatment of renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhou Su
- School of Life Sciences & Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Jingzhou Xie
- School of Life Sciences & Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Lijing Wen
- School of Life Sciences & Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Shunyi Wang
- School of Life Sciences & Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Sishuo Chen
- School of Life Sciences & Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Jiangchao Li
- School of Life Sciences & Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Cuiling Qi
- School of Life Sciences & Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- School of Life Sciences & Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong He
- School of Life Sciences & Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Lingyun Zheng
- School of Life Sciences & Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Lijing Wang
- School of Life Sciences & Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, P.R. China
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Swimming training attenuates pancreatic apoptosis through miR-34a/Sirtu in1/P53 Axis in high-fat diet and Streptozotocin-induced Type-2 diabetic rats. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021; 19:1439-1446. [PMID: 33520845 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00670-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective The present study sought to evaluate the miR-34a/Sirtuin1/p53 pro-apoptotic pathway, and reveal its modulation in diabetic rats undergoing swimming exercise. Methods Twenty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into four groups. They were inducted to develop diabetes by injection of streptozotocin. After 12 weeks of swimming, the pancreatic tissue of these rats were removed to be evaluated for the expression level of Sitruin1/P53/miR-34a through qPCR. Results Findings indicated a marked rise in the expression of miR-34 and P53 (P < 0.01) as well as a significant decrease in expression of Sitruin1 (P < 0.01) in the diabetic group. In contrast, swimming resulted in a significant decrease in miR-34a expression (P < 0.01), and a prominent rise in the level of Sitruin1 in the swimming-trained-diabetic group (P < 0.01). Additionally, high, moderate and low apoptosis rate were observed in the pancreatic tissue of the diabetic, swimming-trained diabetic, and control groups, respectively. Conclusion Our findings suggested a correlation between pancreatic tissue apoptosis rate and miR-34a/Sitruin1/p53 signaling, that was subject to modulation by training. Graphical abstract
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Collier JB, Schnellmann RG. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 regulates NAD metabolism during acute kidney injury through microRNA-34a-mediated NAMPT expression. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:3643-3655. [PMID: 31873757 PMCID: PMC11104937 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03391-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Prior studies have established the important role of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) as a mediator of acute kidney injury (AKI). We demonstrated rapid ERK1/2 activation induced renal dysfunction following ischemia/reperfusion (IR)-induced AKI and downregulated the mitochondrial biogenesis (MB) regulator, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) in mice. In this study, ERK1/2 regulation of cellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and PGC-1α were explored. Inhibition of ERK1/2 activation during AKI in mice using the MEK1/2 inhibitor, trametinib, attenuated renal cortical oxidized NAD (NAD+) depletion. The rate-limiting NAD biosynthesis salvage enzyme, NAMPT, decreased following AKI, and this decrease was prevented by ERK1/2 inhibition. The microRNA miR34a decreased with the inhibition of ERK1/2, leading to increased NAMPT protein. Mice treated with a miR34a mimic prevented increases in NAMPT protein in the renal cortex in the presence of ERK1/2 inhibition. In addition, ERK1/2 activation increased acetylated PGC-1α, the less active form, whereas inhibition of ERK1/2 activation prevented an increase in acetylated PGC-1α after AKI through SIRT1 and NAD+ attenuation. These results implicate IR-induced ERK1/2 activation as an important contributor to the downregulation of both PGC-1α and NAD+ pathways that ultimately decrease cellular metabolism and renal function. Inhibition of ERK1/2 activation prior to the initiation of IR injury attenuated decreases in PGC-1α and NAD+ and prevented kidney dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin B Collier
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | - Rick G Schnellmann
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Southern Arizona VA Health Care System, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Southwest Environmental Health Science Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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13
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Hong W, Mo F, Zhang Z, Huang M, Wei X. Nicotinamide Mononucleotide: A Promising Molecule for Therapy of Diverse Diseases by Targeting NAD+ Metabolism. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:246. [PMID: 32411700 PMCID: PMC7198709 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
NAD+, a co-enzyme involved in a great deal of biochemical reactions, has been found to be a network node of diverse biological processes. In mammalian cells, NAD+ is synthetized, predominantly through NMN, to replenish the consumption by NADase participating in physiologic processes including DNA repair, metabolism, and cell death. Correspondingly, aberrant NAD+ metabolism is observed in many diseases. In this review, we discuss how the homeostasis of NAD+ is maintained in healthy condition and provide several age-related pathological examples related with NAD+ unbalance. The sirtuins family, whose functions are NAD-dependent, is also reviewed. Administration of NMN surprisingly demonstrated amelioration of the pathological conditions in some age-related disease mouse models. Further clinical trials have been launched to investigate the safety and benefits of NMN. The NAD+ production and consumption pathways including NMN are essential for more precise understanding and therapy of age-related pathological processes such as diabetes, ischemia–reperfusion injury, heart failure, Alzheimer’s disease, and retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqi Hong
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Mo
- West China Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Department of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Ziqi Zhang
- West China Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Department of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengyuan Huang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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14
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Pardo PS, Boriek AM. SIRT1 Regulation in Ageing and Obesity. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 188:111249. [PMID: 32320732 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Ageing and obesity have common hallmarks: altered glucose and lipid metabolism, chronic inflammation and oxidative stress are some examples. The downstream effects of SIRT1 activity have been thoroughly explored, and their research is still in expanse. SIRT1 activation has been shown to regulate pathways with beneficiary effects on 1) ageing and obesity-associated metabolic disorders such as metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and type-II diabetes with, 2) chronic inflammatory processes such as arthritis, atherosclerosis and emphysema, 3) DNA damage and oxidative stress with impact on neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular health and some cancers. This knowledge intensified the interest in uncovering the mechanisms regulating the expression and activity of SIRT1. This review focuses on the upstream regulatory mechanisms controlling SIRT1, and how this knowledge could potentially contribute to the development of therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia S Pardo
- Pulmonary and Critical Care medicine, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX 77030, USA.
| | - Aladin M Boriek
- Pulmonary and Critical Care medicine, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX 77030, USA.
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15
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Yang J, Xiang D, Xiang D, He W, Liu Y, Lan L, Li G, Jiang C, Ren X, Liu D, Zhang C. Baicalin Protects Against 17α-Ethinylestradiol-Induced Cholestasis via the Sirtuin 1/Hepatic Nuclear Receptor-1α/Farnesoid X Receptor Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1685. [PMID: 32116682 PMCID: PMC7026019 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen-induced cholestasis (EIC) is characterized by impairment of bile flow and accumulated bile acids (BAs) in the liver, always along with the liver damage. Baicalin is a major flavonoid component of Scutellaria baicalensis, and has been used in the treatment of liver diseases for many years. However, the role of baicalin in EIC remains to be elucidated. In this study, we demonstrated that baicalin showed obvious hepatoprotective effects in EIC rats by reducing serum biomarkers and increasing the bile flow rate, as well as by alleviating liver histology and restoring the abnormal composition of hepatic BAs. In addition, baicalin protected against estrogen-induced liver injury by up-regulation of the expression of hepatic efflux transporters and down-regulation of hepatic uptake transporters. Furthermore, baicalin increased the expression of hepatic BA synthase (CYP27A1) and metabolic enzymes (Bal, Baat, Sult2a1) in EIC rats. We showed that baicalin significantly inhibited hepatic inflammatory responses in EIC rats through reducing elevated levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and NF-κB. Finally, we confirmed that baicalin maintains hepatic BA homeostasis and alleviates inflammation through sirtuin 1 (Sirt1)/hepatic nuclear receptor-1α (HNF-1α)/farnesoid X receptor (FXR) signaling pathway. Thus, baicalin protects against estrogen-induced cholestatic liver injury, and the underlying mechanism involved is related to activation of the Sirt1/HNF-1α/FXR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Daochun Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dong Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenxi He
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lulu Lan
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guodong Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiuhua Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengliang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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16
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López-Pastor AR, Infante-Menéndez J, Escribano Ó, Gómez-Hernández A. miRNA Dysregulation in the Development of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and the Related Disorders Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:527059. [PMID: 33102495 PMCID: PMC7546803 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.527059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, the continuing surge in obesity pandemic creates a substantial increase in incidences of metabolic disorders, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) belong to an evolutionarily conserved class of short (20-22 nucleotides in length) and single-stranded non-coding RNAs. In mammals, miRNAs function as critical post-transcriptional negative regulators involved not only in many biological processes but also in the development of many diseases such as NAFLD and comorbidities. More recently, it has been described that cells can secrete miRNAs in extracellular vesicles, transported by body fluids, and uptaken by other tissues regulating gene expression. Therefore, this could be a mechanism of signaling involved not only in physiological pathways but also in the development of diseases. The association of some miRNA expression profiles with certain disorders has made them very interesting molecules for diagnosis, prognosis, and disease management. The finding of specific miRNA signatures to diagnose NAFLD and related diseases could anticipate the risk of development of related complications and, actually, it is the driving force of present health strategies worldwide. In this review, we have included latest advances in knowledge about the miRNAs involved in the development of NAFLD and related diseases and examined how this knowledge could be used to identify new non-invasive biomarkers and new pharmacological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea R. López-Pastor
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Infante-Menéndez
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Óscar Escribano
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Almudena Gómez-Hernández
| | - Almudena Gómez-Hernández
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Óscar Escribano
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17
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Stacchiotti A, Grossi I, García-Gómez R, Patel GA, Salvi A, Lavazza A, De Petro G, Monsalve M, Rezzani R. Melatonin Effects on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Are Related to MicroRNA-34a-5p/Sirt1 Axis and Autophagy. Cells 2019; 8:cells8091053. [PMID: 31500354 PMCID: PMC6770964 DOI: 10.3390/cells8091053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin, an indole produced by pineal and extrapineal tissues, but also taken with a vegetarian diet, has strong anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-obesogenic potentials. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the hepatic side of the metabolic syndrome. NAFLD is a still reversible phase but may evolve into steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis and carcinoma. Currently, an effective therapy for blocking NAFLD staging is lacking. Silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1), a NAD+ dependent histone deacetylase, modulates the energetic metabolism in the liver. Micro-RNA-34a-5p, a direct inhibitor of SIRT1, is an emerging indicator of NAFLD grading. Thus, here we analyzed the effects of oral melatonin against NAFLD and underlying molecular mechanisms, focusing on steatosis, ER stress, mitochondrial shape and autophagy. Male C57BL/6J (WT) and SIRT1 heterozygous (HET) mice were placed either on a high-fat diet (58.4% energy from lard) (HFD) or on a standard maintenance diet (8.4% energy from lipids) for 16 weeks, drinking melatonin (10 mg/kg) or not. Indirect calorimetry, glucose tolerance, steatosis, inflammation, ER stress, mitochondrial changes, autophagy and microRNA-34a-5p expression were estimated. Melatonin improved hepatic metabolism and steatosis, influenced ER stress and mitochondrial shape, and promoted autophagy in WT HFD mice. Conversely, melatonin was ineffective in HET HFD mice, maintaining NASH changes. Indeed, autophagy was inconsistent in HET HFD or starved mice, as indicated by LC3II/LC3I ratio, p62/SQSTM1 and autophagosomes estimation. The beneficial role of melatonin in dietary induced NAFLD/NASH in mice was related to reduced expression of microRNA-34a-5p and sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP1) but only in the presence of full SIRT1 availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Stacchiotti
- Division of Anatomy and Physiopathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
- Interdipartmental University Center of Research "Adaptation and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs (ARTO)", University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Grossi
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Raquel García-Gómez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Alessandro Salvi
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Antonio Lavazza
- Instituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia ed Emilia-Romagna (IZSLER), 25124 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina De Petro
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Maria Monsalve
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rita Rezzani
- Division of Anatomy and Physiopathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
- Interdipartmental University Center of Research "Adaptation and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs (ARTO)", University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
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18
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Hicks JA, Porter TE, Sunny NE, Liu HC. Delayed Feeding Alters Transcriptional and Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Hepatic Metabolic Pathways in Peri-Hatch Broiler Chicks. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10040272. [PMID: 30987204 PMCID: PMC6523616 DOI: 10.3390/genes10040272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fatty acid oxidation of yolk lipoproteins provides the main energy source for chick embryos. Post-hatching these yolk lipids are rapidly exhausted and metabolism switches to a carbohydrate-based energy source. We recently demonstrated that many microRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of hepatic metabolic pathways during this metabolic switching. MiRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression in most eukaryotes. To further elucidate the roles of miRNAs in the metabolic switch, we used delayed feeding for 48 h to impede the hepatic metabolic switch. We found that hepatic expression of several miRNAs including miR-33, miR-20b, miR-34a, and miR-454 was affected by delaying feed consumption for 48 h. For example, we found that delayed feeding resulted in increased miR-20b expression and conversely reduced expression of its target FADS1, an enzyme involved in fatty acid synthesis. Interestingly, the expression of a previously identified miR-20b regulator FOXO3 was also higher in delayed fed chicks. FOXO3 also functions in protection of cells from oxidative stress. Delayed fed chicks also had much higher levels of plasma ketone bodies than their normal fed counterparts. This suggests that delayed fed chicks rely almost exclusively on lipid oxidation for energy production and are likely under higher oxidative stress. Thus, it is possible that FOXO3 may function to both limit lipogenesis as well as to help protect against oxidative stress in peri-hatch chicks until the initiation of feed consumption. This is further supported by evidence that the FOXO3-regulated histone deacetylase (HDAC2) was found to recognize the FASN (involved in fatty acid synthesis) chicken promoter in a yeast one-hybrid assay. Expression of FASN mRNA was lower in delayed fed chicks until feed consumption. The present study demonstrated that many transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms, including miRNA, form a complex interconnected regulatory network that is involved in controlling lipid and glucose molecular pathways during the metabolic transition in peri-hatch chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Hicks
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
| | - Tom E Porter
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Nishanth E Sunny
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Hsiao-Ching Liu
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
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19
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Ye J, Zou M, Li P, Liu H. MicroRNA Regulation of Energy Metabolism to Induce Chemoresistance in Cancers. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2019; 17:1533033818805997. [PMID: 30444190 PMCID: PMC6243412 DOI: 10.1177/1533033818805997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Since “Warburg effect” has been firstly uncovered in cancer cells in 1956, mounting evidence has supported the molecular mechanism underlying the energy metabolism in induced chemoresistance in cancers. MicroRNAs can mediate fine-tuning of genes in physiological process. MicroRNAs’ energy metabolic role in chemoresistance has been probed recently. In this review, we summarize 5 microRNAs in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism and other energy metabolism. They partially modulate chemoresistance to cancer treatments. Furthermore, we discuss the great therapeutic potential of metabolism-related microRNAs in novel combinatorial means to treat human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ye
- 1 The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Manman Zou
- 1 The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Pei Li
- 1 The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Liu
- 1 The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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20
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Kane AE, Sinclair DA. Epigenetic changes during aging and their reprogramming potential. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 54:61-83. [PMID: 30822165 PMCID: PMC6424622 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2019.1570075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aging process results in significant epigenetic changes at all levels of chromatin and DNA organization. These include reduced global heterochromatin, nucleosome remodeling and loss, changes in histone marks, global DNA hypomethylation with CpG island hypermethylation, and the relocalization of chromatin modifying factors. Exactly how and why these changes occur is not fully understood, but evidence that these epigenetic changes affect longevity and may cause aging, is growing. Excitingly, new studies show that age-related epigenetic changes can be reversed with interventions such as cyclic expression of the Yamanaka reprogramming factors. This review presents a summary of epigenetic changes that occur in aging, highlights studies indicating that epigenetic changes may contribute to the aging process and outlines the current state of research into interventions to reprogram age-related epigenetic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice E. Kane
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - David A. Sinclair
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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21
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Li Y, Xu K, Xu K, Chen S, Cao Y, Zhan H. Roles of Identified Long Noncoding RNA in Diabetic Nephropathy. J Diabetes Res 2019; 2019:5383010. [PMID: 30891461 PMCID: PMC6390257 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5383010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is the leading chronic disease in the world, and diabetic nephropathy (DN) as one of its complications could increase the mortality. The development of DN is associated to abnormal hemodynamic factors like cytokine networks and the intervention of metabolic risk factors like blood pressure, blood glucose, and blood lipid. However, the pathogenesis of DN is still poorly understood. Although glucose-lowering drugs and insulins have significant effects on blood glucose, the fluctuation of blood glucose or other risk factors could continuously damage the kidney. Recent studies reported that the progression of DN is closely related to the expression of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), which is important for the early diagnosis and targeted intervention of DN. In this review, we briefly summarize the published studies on the functions and potential mechanism of reported lncRNA in the regulation of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- The First Clinical Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075 Sichuan, China
| | - Keyang Xu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053 Zhejiang, China
| | - Kechen Xu
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, 322000 Zhejiang, China
| | - Sixiang Chen
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053 Zhejiang, China
| | - Yifang Cao
- The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing, 314001 Zhejiang, China
| | - Huakui Zhan
- The First Clinical Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075 Sichuan, China
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22
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van Zutphen T, Bertolini A, de Vries HD, Bloks VW, de Boer JF, Jonker JW, Kuipers F. Potential of Intestine-Selective FXR Modulation for Treatment of Metabolic Disease. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2019; 256:207-234. [PMID: 31236687 DOI: 10.1007/164_2019_233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Farnesoid X receptor controls bile acid metabolism, both in the liver and intestine. This potent nuclear receptor not only maintains homeostasis of its own ligands, i.e., bile acids, but also regulates glucose and lipid metabolism as well as the immune system. These findings have led to substantial interest for FXR as a therapeutic target and to the recent approval of an FXR agonist for treating primary biliary cholangitis as well as ongoing clinical trials for other liver diseases. Given that FXR biology is complex, including moderate expression in tissues outside of the enterohepatic circulation, temporal expression of isoforms, posttranscriptional modifications, and the existence of several other bile acid-responsive receptors such as TGR5, clinical application of FXR modulators warrants thorough understanding of its actions. Recent findings have demonstrated remarkable physiological effects of targeting FXR specifically in the intestine (iFXR), thereby avoiding systemic release of modulators. These include local effects such as improvement of intestinal barrier function and intestinal cholesterol turnover, as well as systemic effects such as improvements in glucose homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Intriguingly, metabolic improvements have been observed with both an iFXR agonist that leads to production of enteric Fgf15 and increased energy expenditure in adipose tissues and antagonists by reducing systemic ceramide levels and hepatic glucose production. Here we review the recent findings on the role of intestinal FXR and its targeting in metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim van Zutphen
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, Faculty Campus Fryslân, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Bertolini
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, Faculty Campus Fryslân, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hilde D de Vries
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, Faculty Campus Fryslân, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent W Bloks
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, Faculty Campus Fryslân, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Freark de Boer
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, Faculty Campus Fryslân, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johan W Jonker
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, Faculty Campus Fryslân, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Folkert Kuipers
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, Faculty Campus Fryslân, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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23
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Lee M, Ko H, Yun M. Cancer Metabolism as a Mechanism of Treatment Resistance and Potential Therapeutic Target in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Yonsei Med J 2018; 59:1143-1149. [PMID: 30450847 PMCID: PMC6240564 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2018.59.10.1143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Various molecular targeted therapies and diagnostic modalities have been developed for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, HCC still remains a difficult malignancy to cure. Recently, the focus has shifted to cancer metabolism for the diagnosis and treatment of various cancers, including HCC. In addition to conventional diagnostics, the measurement of enhanced tumor cell metabolism using F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) for increased glycolysis or C-11 acetate for fatty acid synthesis by positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is well established for clinical management of HCC. Unlike tumors displaying the Warburg effect, HCCs vary substantially in terms of 18F-FDG uptake, which considerably reduces the sensitivity for tumor detection. Accordingly, C-11 acetate has been proposed as a complementary radiotracer for detecting tumors that are not identified by 18F-FDG. In addition to HCC diagnosis, since the degree of 18F-FDG uptake converted to standardized uptake value (SUV) correlates well with tumor aggressiveness, 18F-FDG PET/CT scans can predict patient outcomes such as treatment response and survival with an inverse relationship between SUV and survival. The loss of tumor suppressor genes or activation of oncogenes plays an important role in promoting HCC development, and might be involved in the "metabolic reprogramming" of cancer cells. Mutations in various genes such as TERT, CTNNB1, TP53, and Axin1 are responsible for the development of HCC. Some microRNAs (miRNAs) involved in cancer metabolism are deregulated in HCC, indicating that the modulation of genes/miRNAs might affect HCC growth or metastasis. In this review, we will discuss cancer metabolism as a mechanism for treatment resistance, as well as an attractive potential therapeutic target in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misu Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Life Science, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Haeyong Ko
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mijin Yun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Meka IA, Anyim OB, Enebe JT, Ukwaja KN, Ugonabo MC. Association of MiRNA122 & ADAM17 with Lipids among Hypertensives in Nigeria. Open Med (Wars) 2018; 13:350-358. [PMID: 30211317 PMCID: PMC6132086 DOI: 10.1515/med-2018-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dyslipidaemia and hypertension are established major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. The suggested roles of miRNA-122 and ADAM17 in lipid metabolism can therefore be applied in the management of metabolic disorders. The authors’ aim was to determine the association between miRNA-122 and ADAM17, as well as the association between miRNA-122 and lipid fractions, in the study participants. Method A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 hypertensive patients and 100 non-hypertensive adult controls between May, 2015, and June, 2016, in Nigeria. Lipids were analysed with spectrophotometric methods whereas ADAM17 and miRNA-122 were analysed with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and quantitative polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Results The mean (standard deviation [SD]) ages of 200 hypertensives and 100 controls were 56.3 (6.9) and 54.9 (8.3) years, respectively. miRNA-112 and ADAM17 had significantly higher values among dyslipidaemic individuvals compared with non-dyslipidaemic participants. The correlation between miRNA-122 and ADAM17 levels was strongly positive, r=0.82, p<0.05. LDL-cholesterol and total cholesterol also showed statistically significant positive correlation with miRNA-122, r=0.53, r=0.51, (p< 0.001) respectively. Conclusion In this study, miRNA-122 showed a strong correlation with ADAM17 and a positive correlation with LDL-cholesterol and total cholesterol. These findings support the stimulant roles of miRNA-122 and ADAM17 in lipid metabolism and thus could be used in the management of dyslipidaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ijeoma A Meka
- Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Obumneme B Anyim
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu State, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Joseph T Enebe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu State, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Kingsley N Ukwaja
- Department of Internal Medicine, Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Martin C Ugonabo
- Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus, Enugu State, Enugu, Nigeria
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25
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Miao LH, Lin Y, Huang X, Pan WJ, Zhou QL, Liu B, Ren MC, Ge XP, Pan LK. In Vivo Analysis of miR-34a Regulated Glucose Metabolism Related Genes in Megalobrama amblycephala. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082417. [PMID: 30115855 PMCID: PMC6121310 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Megalobrama amblycephala (M. amblycephala) is one of the most important economic freshwater fish in China. The molecular mechanism under the glucose intolerance responses which affects the growth performance and feed utilization is still confused. miR-34a was reported as a key regulator in the glucose metabolism, but how did the miR-34a exert its function in the metabolism of glucose/insulin in M. amblycephala was still unclear. In this study, we intraperitoneally injected the miR-34a inhibitor (80 nmol/100 g body weight) into M. amblycephala (fed with high starch diet, 45% starch) for 12 h, and then analyzed the gene expression profiling in livers by RNA-seq. The results showed that miR-34a expression in M. amblycephala livers was inhibited by injection of miR-34a inhibitor, and a total of 2212 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were dysregulated (including 1183 up- and 1029 downregulated DEGs). Function enrichment analysis of DEGs showed that most of them were enriched in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), insulin, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathways, which were all associated with the glucose/lipid metabolic and biosynthetic processes. In addition, we examined and verified the differential expression levels of some genes involved in AMPK signaling pathway by qRT-PCR. These results demonstrated that the inhibition of miR-34a might regulate glucose metabolism in M. amblycephala through downstream target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Hong Miao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
| | - Yan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
| | - Xin Huang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China.
| | - Wen-Jing Pan
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China.
| | - Qun-Lan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
| | - Bo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China.
| | - Ming-Chun Ren
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
| | - Xian-Ping Ge
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China.
| | - Liang-Kun Pan
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
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26
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Jadideslam G, Ansarin K, Sakhinia E, Alipour S, Pouremamali F, Khabbazi A. The MicroRNA-326: Autoimmune diseases, diagnostic biomarker, and therapeutic target. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:9209-9222. [PMID: 30078204 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are uniquely regulated in healthy, inflamed, activated, cancerous, or other cells and tissues of a pathological state. Many studies confirm that immune dysregulation and autoimmune diseases with inflammation are correlated with various miRNA expression changes in targeted tissues and cells in innate or adaptive immunity. In this review, we will explain the history and classification of epigenetic changes. Next, we will describe the role of miRNAs changes, especially mir-326 in autoimmunity, autoinflammatory, and other pathological conditions. A systematic search of MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library was presented for all related studies from 1899 to 2017 with restrictions in the English language. In recent years, researchers have concentrated on mostly those roles of miRNA that are correlated with the inflammatory and anti-inflammatory process. Latest studies have proposed a fundamental pathogenic role in cancers and autoinflammatory diseases. Studies have described the role of microRNAs in autoimmunity and autoinflammatory diseases, cancers, and so on. The miRNA-326 expression plays a significant role in autoimmune and other types of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golamreza Jadideslam
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Iran.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Khalil Ansarin
- Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Sakhinia
- Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Tabriz Genetic Analysis Centre (TGAC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shahriar Alipour
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Iran
| | - Farhad Pouremamali
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Khabbazi
- Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Iran
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27
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Li A, Peng R, Sun Y, Liu H, Peng H, Zhang Z. LincRNA 1700020I14Rik alleviates cell proliferation and fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy via miR-34a-5p/Sirt1/HIF-1α signaling. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:461. [PMID: 29700282 PMCID: PMC5919933 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0527-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Long intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs) have been gradually identified to be functional in a variety of different mechanisms associating with development and epigenetic regulation of cellular homeostasis. However, the study of lincRNAs in diabetic nephropathy (DN) is still in its infancy. Here, we have found dysexpressed long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in renal tissues of db/db DN mice compared with db/m mice by RNA sequencing. In this study, 5 lincRNAs were confirmed to express in a consistent trend among these DN-related lncRNAs both in vivo and in vitro. Particularly, 1700020I14Rik was the downregulated one. Moreover, our data showed overexpression or knockdown of 1700020I14Rik could regulate cell proliferation and fibrosis in mouse mesangial cells (MCs). Furthermore, 1700020I14Rik was found to interact with miR-34a-5p via both the directly targeting way by bioinformatic investigation and luciferase assay and the Ago2-dependent manner by RIP assay. Results also displayed that overexpression of 1700020I14Rik inhibited cell proliferation and expressions of renal fibrosis markers through miR-34a-5p/Sirt1/HIF-1α pathway in MCs under high glucose condition, while knockdown of 1700020I14Rik could increase cell proliferation and expressions of renal fibrosis markers. In conclusion, these results provide new insights into the regulation between 1700020I14Rik and miR-34a-5p/Sirt1/HIF-1α signaling pathway during the progression of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailing Li
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China.,Department of Pathology, The People's Hospital of Rongchang Distrct, 402460, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Peng
- Department of Bioinformatics, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Handeng Liu
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Huimin Peng
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China.
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28
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Ahmadpour F, Nourbakhsh M, Razzaghy-Azar M, Khaghani S, Alipoor B, Abdolvahabi Z, Zangoei M. THE ASSOCIATION OF PLASMA LEVELS OF miR-34a AND miR-149 WITH OBESITY AND INSULIN RESISTANCE IN OBESE CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS. ACTA ENDOCRINOLOGICA (BUCHAREST, ROMANIA : 2005) 2018; 14:149-154. [PMID: 31149251 PMCID: PMC6516521 DOI: 10.4183/aeb.2018.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short noncoding RNAs involved in posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression that influence various cellular functions including glucose and lipid metabolism and adipocyte differentiation. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of miR-34a and miR-149 and their relationship with metabolic parameters in obese children and adolescents. DESIGN Seventy children and adolescents were enrolled in the study. Plasma levels of microRNAs were evaluated by real-time PCR using SYBR green and analyzed by ΔCt method. Plasma concentrations of visfatin and insulin were measured by ELISA method. Glucose and lipid profile were determined colorimetrically. HOMA-IR was calculated and used as an index of insulin resistance (IR). RESULTS miR-34a was significantly lower in subjects with insulin resistance compared to obese children with normal insulin sensitivity. There was an inverse relationship between miR-34a levels and both insulin and HOMA-IR. On the other hand, miR-149 was significantly correlated with visfatin. There was no significant difference in miR-34a and miR-149 between obese and normal weight subjects. CONCLUSIONS miR-34a is associated with insulin and HOMA-IR and thus seems to be involved in IR. miR-149 is inversely associated with visfatin levels which could be indicative of anti-inflammatory effect of this miRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Ahmadpour
- Iran University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - M. Nourbakhsh
- Iran University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - M. Razzaghy-Azar
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular - Cellular Sciences Institute, Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
- Iran University of Medical Sciences, “H. Aliasghar” Children’s Hospital, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Sh. Khaghani
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - B. Alipoor
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Z. Abdolvahabi
- Iran University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - M. Zangoei
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
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29
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Zhan J, Qin S, Lu L, Hu X, Zhou J, Sun Y, Yang J, Liu Y, Wang Z, Tan N, Chen J, Zhang C. miR-34a is a common link in both HIV- and antiretroviral therapy-induced vascular aging. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 8:3298-3310. [PMID: 27889708 PMCID: PMC5270669 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Both HIV and antiretroviral therapy could induce vascular aging with unclear mechanisms. In this study, via microarray analysis, we identified, for the first time, that miR-34a expression was significantly increased in both HIV-infected, and antiretroviral agents-treated vessels and vascular endothelial cells (ECs) from these vessels. In cultured ECs, miR-34a expression was significantly increased by HIV-Tat protein and by the antiretroviral agents, lopinavir/ritonavir. Both HIV-Tat protein and antiretroviral agents could induce EC senescence, which was inhibited by miR-34a inhibition. In contrast, EC senescence was exacerbated by miR-34a overexpression. In addition, the vascular ECs isolated from miR-34a knockout mice were resistant to HIV and antiretroviral agents-mediated senescence. In vivo, miR-34a expression in mouse vascular walls and their ECs was increased by antiretroviral therapy and by HIV-1 Tat transgenic approach. miR-34a inhibition could effectively inhibit both HIV-Tat protein and antiretroviral therapy-induced vascular aging in mice. The increased miR-34a was induced via p53, whereas Sirt1 was a downstream target gene of miR-34a in both HIV-Tat protein and antiretroviral agents-treated ECs and vessels. The study has demonstrated that miR-34a is a common link in both HIV and antiretroviral therapy-mediated vascular aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Zhan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Coronary artery disease, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute and Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, 510100, China
| | - Shanshan Qin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Lili Lu
- School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China
| | - Xiamin Hu
- School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Yeying Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Zunzhe Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Ning Tan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Coronary artery disease, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute and Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, 510100, China
| | - Jiyan Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Coronary artery disease, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute and Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, 510100, China
| | - Chunxiang Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Coronary artery disease, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute and Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, 510100, China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
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30
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Victoria B, Nunez Lopez YO, Masternak MM. MicroRNAs and the metabolic hallmarks of aging. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 455:131-147. [PMID: 28062199 PMCID: PMC5724961 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aging, the natural process of growing older, is characterized by a progressive deterioration of physiological homeostasis at the cellular, tissue, and organismal level. Metabolically, the aging process is characterized by extensive changes in body composition, multi-tissue/multi-organ insulin resistance, and physiological declines in multiple signaling pathways including growth hormone, insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1, and sex steroids regulation. With this review, we intend to consolidate published information about microRNAs that regulate critical metabolic processes relevant to aging. In certain occasions we uncover relationships likely relevant to aging, which has not been directly described before, such as the miR-451/AMPK axis. We have also included a provocative section highlighting the potential role in aging of a new designation of miRNAs, namely fecal miRNAs, recently discovered to regulate intestinal microbiota in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Victoria
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, 6900 Lake Nona Blvd., Orlando, FL 32827, USA.
| | - Yury O Nunez Lopez
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism & Diabetes. Florida Hospital, 301 East Princeton St, Orlando, FL 32804, USA.
| | - Michal M Masternak
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, 6900 Lake Nona Blvd., Orlando, FL 32827, USA; Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 15 Garbary St., 61-866, Poznan, Poland.
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31
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Kwon S, Seok S, Yau P, Li X, Kemper B, Kemper JK. Obesity and aging diminish sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)-mediated deacetylation of SIRT3, leading to hyperacetylation and decreased activity and stability of SIRT3. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:17312-17323. [PMID: 28808064 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.778720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) deacetylates and regulates many mitochondrial proteins to maintain health, but its functions are depressed in aging and obesity. The best-studied sirtuin, SIRT1, counteracts aging- and obesity-related diseases by deacetylating many proteins, but whether SIRT1 has a role in deacetylating and altering the function of SIRT3 is unknown. Here we show that SIRT3 is reversibly acetylated in the mitochondria and unexpectedly is a target of SIRT1 deacetylation. SIRT3 is hyperacetylated in aged and obese mice, in which SIRT1 activity is low, and SIRT3 acetylation at Lys57 inhibits its deacetylase activity and promotes protein degradation. Adenovirus-mediated expression of SIRT3 or an acetylation-defective SIRT3-K57R mutant in diet-induced obese mice decreased acetylation of mitochondrial long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, a known SIRT3 deacetylation target; improved fatty acid β-oxidation; and ameliorated liver steatosis and glucose intolerance. These SIRT3-mediated beneficial effects were not observed with an acetylation-mimic SIRT3-K57Q mutant. Our findings reveal an unexpected mechanism for SIRT3 regulation via SIRT1-mediated deacetylation. Improving mitochondrial SIRT3 functions by inhibiting SIRT3 acetylation may offer a new therapeutic approach for obesity- and aging-related diseases associated with mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghoon Kwon
- From the Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and
| | - Sunmi Seok
- From the Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and
| | - Peter Yau
- the Proteomics Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 and
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Byron Kemper
- From the Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and
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32
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are small 19-22 nucleotide long, noncoding, single-stranded, and multifunctional RNAs that regulate a diverse assortment of gene and protein functions that impact on a vast network of pathways. Lin-4, a noncoding transcript discovered in 1993 and named miRNA, initiated the exploration of research into these intriguing molecules identified in almost all organisms. miRNAs interfere with translation or posttranscriptional regulation of their target gene and regulate multiple biological actions exerted by these target genes. In cancer, they function as both oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes displaying differential activity in various cellular contexts. Although the role of miRNAs on target gene functions has been extensively investigated, less is currently known about the upstream regulatory molecules that regulate miRNAs. This chapter focuses on the factors and processes involved in miRNA regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjan K Pradhan
- Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Luni Emdad
- Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Swadesh K Das
- Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.
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33
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Xia SF, Duan XM, Cheng XR, Chen LM, Kang YJ, Wang P, Tang X, Shi YH, Le GW. Role of miR-383 and miR-146b in different propensities to obesity in male mice. J Endocrinol 2017; 234:201-216. [PMID: 28576870 DOI: 10.1530/joe-17-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The study was designed to investigate the possible mechanisms of hepatic microRNAs (miRs) in regulating local thyroid hormone (TH) action and ultimately different propensities to high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. When obesity-prone (OP) and obesity-resistant (OR) mice were fed HFD for 7 weeks, OP mice showed apparent hepatic steatosis, with significantly higher body weight and lower hepatic TH receptor b (TRb) expression and type 1 deiodinase (DIO1) activity than OR mice. Next-generation sequencing technology revealed that 13 miRs in liver were dysregulated between the two phenotypes, of which 8 miRs were predicted to target on Dio1 or TRb When mice were fed for 17 weeks, OR mice had mild hepatic steatosis and increased Dio1 and TRb expression than OP mice, with downregulation of T3 target genes (including Srebp1c, Acc1, Scd1 and Fasn) and upregulation of Cpt1α, Atp5c1, Cox7c and Cyp7a1 A stem-loop qRT-PCR analysis confirmed that the levels of miR-383, miR-34a and miR-146b were inversely correlated with those of DIO1 or TRb. Down-regulated expression of miR-383 or miR-146b by miR-383 inhibitor (anti-miR-383) or miR-146b inhibitor (anti-miR-146b) in free fatty acid-treated primary mouse hepatocytes led to increased DIO1 and TRb expressions, respectively, and subsequently decreased cellular lipid accumulation, while miR-34a inhibitor (anti-miR-34a) transfection had on effects on TRb expression. Luciferase reporter assay illustrated that miR-146b could directly target TRb 3'untranslated region (3'UTR). These findings suggested that miR-383 and miR-146b might play critical roles in different propensities to diet-induced obesity via targeting on Dio1 and TRb, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Fang Xia
- Wuxi School of MedicineJiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologySchool of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologySchool of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Shandong Sport Training CenterJinan, China
| | - Xiang-Rong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologySchool of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Li-Mei Chen
- Wuxi School of MedicineJiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yan-Jun Kang
- Wuxi School of MedicineJiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Peng Wang
- COFCO Corporation Oilseeds Processing DivisionBeijing, China
| | - Xue Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologySchool of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yong-Hui Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologySchool of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Guo-Wei Le
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologySchool of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Calderari S, Diawara MR, Garaud A, Gauguier D. Biological roles of microRNAs in the control of insulin secretion and action. Physiol Genomics 2016; 49:1-10. [PMID: 27815534 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00079.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are intracellular and circulating molecular components contributing to genome expression control through binding mRNA targets, which generally results in downregulated mRNA expression. One miRNA can target several mRNAs, and one transcript can be targeted by several miRNAs, resulting in complex fine-tuning of regulation of gene networks and signaling pathways. miRNAs regulate metabolism, adipocyte differentiation, pancreatic development, β-cell mass, insulin biosynthesis, secretion, and signaling, and their role in diabetes and obesity is emerging. Their pathophysiological effects are essentially dependent on cellular coexpression with their mRNA targets, which can show tissue-specific transcriptional responses to disease conditions and environmental challenges. Current knowledge of miRNA biology and their impact on the pathogenesis of diabetes and obesity is based on experimental data documenting miRNA expression generally in single tissue types that can be correlated with expression of target mRNAs to integrate miRNA in functional pathways and gene networks. Here we present results from the most significant studies dealing with miRNA function in liver, fat, skeletal muscle, and endocrine pancreas and their implication in diabetes and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Calderari
- Sorbonne Universities, University Pierre & Marie Curie, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Centre, Paris, France; and.,Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, ENVA, University Paris Saclay, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Malika R Diawara
- Sorbonne Universities, University Pierre & Marie Curie, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Centre, Paris, France; and
| | - Alois Garaud
- Sorbonne Universities, University Pierre & Marie Curie, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Centre, Paris, France; and
| | - Dominique Gauguier
- Sorbonne Universities, University Pierre & Marie Curie, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Centre, Paris, France; and
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35
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Kurylowicz A, Owczarz M, Polosak J, Jonas MI, Lisik W, Jonas M, Chmura A, Puzianowska-Kuznicka M. SIRT1 and SIRT7 expression in adipose tissues of obese and normal-weight individuals is regulated by microRNAs but not by methylation status. Int J Obes (Lond) 2016; 40:1635-1642. [PMID: 27480132 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2016.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Given their importance in the regulation of metabolism, sirtuins (SIRTs) constitute promising subjects of research on the pathogenesis of obesity and the metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study was to assess whether obesity in humans is associated with changes in the expression of SIRT genes in adipose tissue and whether epigenetic mechanisms, DNA methylation and microRNA (miRNA) interference, mediate in this phenomenon. SUBJECTS/METHODS The expression of SIRTs and of SIRT1 and SIRT7 mRNA-interacting miRNAs was evaluated by real-time PCR in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) of 58 obese (body mass index (BMI) >40 kg m-2) and 31 normal-weight (BMI 20-24.9 kg m-2) individuals. The methylation status of SIRTs was studied by the methylation-sensitive digestion/real-time PCR method. RESULTS SIRT1 mRNA levels were lower in adipose tissues of obese patients than of normal-weight controls (VAT: P=0.0002, SAT: P=0.008). In contrast, expression of SIRT7 was higher in adipose tissues of obese patients than in the control group (VAT: P=0.001, SAT: P=0.008). The mean methylation of the SIRT1 and SIRT7 CpG islands was similar in tissues with high and low expression of these genes, and there was no correlation between the level of expression and the level of methylation. On the other hand, expression of SIRT1 in VAT of obese subjects correlated negatively with the expression of miR-22-3p (P<0.0001, rs=-0.514), miR-34a-5p (P=0.01, rs=-0.326) and miR-181a-3p (P<0.0001, rs=-0.536). In turn, expression of SIRT7 in VAT of slim individuals correlated negatively with the expression of miR-125a-5p (P=0.003, rs=-0.562) and miR-125b-5p (P=0.018, rs=-0.460). CONCLUSIONS We observed obesity-associated downregulation of SIRT1 and upregulation of SIRT7 mRNA levels that were not associated with the methylation status of their promoters. We found a negative correlation between mRNA levels of SIRT1 in VAT of obese individuals and SIRT7 in VAT of the normal-weight subjects and expression of the relevant miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kurylowicz
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Owczarz
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Polosak
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M I Jonas
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - W Lisik
- Department of General and Transplantation Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Jonas
- Department of General and Transplantation Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Chmura
- Department of General and Transplantation Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Puzianowska-Kuznicka
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, Warsaw, Poland
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Mirra P, Raciti GA, Nigro C, Fiory F, D'Esposito V, Formisano P, Beguinot F, Miele C. Circulating miRNAs as intercellular messengers, potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for Type 2 diabetes. Epigenomics 2016; 7:653-67. [PMID: 26111035 DOI: 10.2217/epi.15.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
miRNAs have emerged as key epigenetic regulators of metabolism. Their deregulation contributes to metabolic abnormalities, proposing their potential role as therapeutic targets for Type 2 diabetes. The exciting finding that miRNAs exist in the bloodstream suggests that circulating miRNAs may act in a hormone-like fashion. Despite the fact that significant progress has been made in understanding circulating miRNAs, this topic is full of complexities and many questions remain unanswered. The goal of this review is to bring together up-to-date knowledge about circulating miRNAs and their role as intercellular communicators as well as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in metabolic diseases, providing examples of possible clinical applications for circulating miRNAs in diabetes and cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Mirra
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali dell'Università di Napoli 'Federico II', Naples, Italy.,URT dell'Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale 'Gaetano Salvatore', Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy
| | - Gregory Alexander Raciti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali dell'Università di Napoli 'Federico II', Naples, Italy.,URT dell'Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale 'Gaetano Salvatore', Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy
| | - Cecilia Nigro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali dell'Università di Napoli 'Federico II', Naples, Italy.,URT dell'Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale 'Gaetano Salvatore', Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Fiory
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali dell'Università di Napoli 'Federico II', Naples, Italy.,URT dell'Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale 'Gaetano Salvatore', Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy
| | - Vittoria D'Esposito
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali dell'Università di Napoli 'Federico II', Naples, Italy.,URT dell'Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale 'Gaetano Salvatore', Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Formisano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali dell'Università di Napoli 'Federico II', Naples, Italy.,URT dell'Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale 'Gaetano Salvatore', Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Beguinot
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali dell'Università di Napoli 'Federico II', Naples, Italy.,URT dell'Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale 'Gaetano Salvatore', Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Miele
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali dell'Università di Napoli 'Federico II', Naples, Italy.,URT dell'Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale 'Gaetano Salvatore', Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy
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37
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Letelier P, Riquelme I, Hernández AH, Guzmán N, Farías JG, Roa JC. Circulating MicroRNAs as Biomarkers in Biliary Tract Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17050791. [PMID: 27223281 PMCID: PMC4881607 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17050791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Biliary tract cancers (BTCs) are a group of highly aggressive malignant tumors with a poor prognosis. The current diagnosis is based mainly on imaging and intraoperative exploration due to brush cytology havinga low sensitivity and the standard markers, such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate 19-9 (CA19-9), not having enough sensitivity nor specificity to be used in a differential diagnosis and early stage detection. Thus, better non-invasive methods that can distinguish between normal and pathological tissue are needed. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, single-stranded non-coding RNA molecules of ~20–22 nucleotides that regulate relevant physiological mechanisms and can also be involved in carcinogenesis. Recent studies have demonstrated that miRNAs are detectable in multiple body fluids, showing great stability, either free or trapped in circulating microvesicles, such as exosomes. miRNAs are ideal biomarkers that may be used in screening and prognosis in biliary tract cancers, aiding also in the clinical decisions at different stages of cancer treatment. This review highlights the progress in the analysis of circulating miRNAs in serum, plasma and bile as potential diagnostic and prognostic markers of BTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Letelier
- School of Health Sciences, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Manuel Montt 56, 4813302 Temuco, Chile.
| | - Ismael Riquelme
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathological Anatomy, School of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Alemania 0458, 3rd Floor, 4810296 Temuco, Chile.
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, Casilla, 54-D Temuco, Chile.
| | - Alfonso H Hernández
- School of Health Sciences, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Manuel Montt 56, 4813302 Temuco, Chile.
| | - Neftalí Guzmán
- School of Health Sciences, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Manuel Montt 56, 4813302 Temuco, Chile.
| | - Jorge G Farías
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, 54-D Temuco, Chile.
| | - Juan Carlos Roa
- Department of Pathology, Centre for Investigational Oncology (CITO), Advanced Centre for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 377, 7rd Floor, 8330024 Santiago, Chile.
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38
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Fu T, Kemper JK. MicroRNA-34a and Impaired FGF19/21 Signaling in Obesity. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2016; 101:175-96. [PMID: 27125742 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The obesity epidemic and the urgent need for effective and safe drugs to treat obesity-related diseases have greatly increased research interest in the metabolic hormones, fibroblast growth factor-19 (FGF19, FGF15 in mice), and FGF21. FGF19 and FGF21 function as endocrine hormones that play key roles in energy metabolism and counteract obesity. Importantly, in obese humans and lab animals, circulating FGF19 and FGF21 levels are elevated, and metabolic actions of these hormones are impaired but the underlying mechanisms remained unknown. Recent microRNA (miR) studies have revealed that aberrantly elevated miR-34a in obesity directly targets β-Klotho, the obligate coreceptor for both FGF19 and FGF21, and attenuates metabolic signaling of these hormones. In this review, we will discuss recent findings in the miR and FGF19/21 fields, emphasizing the novel function of obesity-associated miR-34a in attenuation of FGF19/21 metabolic actions, and further discuss miRs, including miR-34a, as potential drug targets for obesity-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Fu
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - J K Kemper
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.
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39
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MicroRNA-132 cause apoptosis of glioma cells through blockade of the SREBP-1c metabolic pathway related to SIRT1. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 78:177-184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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40
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Sakurai K, Mikamoto K, Shirai M, Iguchi T, Ito K, Takasaki W, Mori K. MicroRNA profiling in ethylene glycol monomethyl ether-induced monkey testicular toxicity model. J Toxicol Sci 2016; 40:375-82. [PMID: 25972197 DOI: 10.2131/jts.40.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
To establish and characterize ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGME)-induced testicular toxicity model in cynomolgus monkeys, EGME at 0 or 300 mg/kg was administered orally to sexually mature male cynomolgus monkeys (n = 3/group) for 4 consecutive days. Circulating and testicular microRNA (miRNA) profiles in this model were investigated using miRNA microarray or real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR methods. EGME at 300 mg/kg induced testicular toxicity in all the monkeys, which was characterized histopathologically by decreases in pachytene spermatocytes and round spermatids, without any severe changes in general conditions or clinical pathology. In microarray analysis, 16 down-regulated and 347 up-regulated miRNAs were detected in the testis, and 326 down-regulated but no up-regulated miRNAs were detected in plasma. Interestingly, miR-1228 and miR-2861 were identified as abundant miRNAs in plasma and the testis of control animals, associated presumably with apoptosis and cell differentiation, respectively, and were prominently increased in the testis of EGME-treated animals, reflecting the recovery from EGME-induced testicular damages via stimulating cell proliferation and differentiation of sperm. Furthermore, down-regulation of miR-34b-5p and miR-449a, which are enriched in meiotic cells like pachytene spermatocytes, was obvious in the testis, suggesting that these spermatogenic cells were damaged by the EGME treatment. In conclusion, EGME-induced testicular toxicity in cynomolgus monkeys was shown, and this model would be useful for investigating the mechanism of EGME-induced testicular toxicity and identifying testicular biomarkers. Additionally, testicular miR-34b-5p and miR-449a were suggested to be involved in damage of pachytene spermatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Sakurai
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd
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41
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Li Y, Li X, Sun WK, Cheng C, Chen YH, Zeng K, Chen X, Gu Y, Gao R, Liu R, Lv X. Comparison of liver microRNA transcriptomes of Tibetan and Yorkshire pigs by deep sequencing. Gene 2016; 577:244-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Yang B, Liu B, Bi P, Wu T, Wang Q, Zhang J. An integrated analysis of differential miRNA and mRNA expressions in human gallstones. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2015; 11:1004-11. [PMID: 25639987 DOI: 10.1039/c4mb00741g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Gallstone disease, including cholesterol precipitation in bile, increased bile salt hydrophobicity and gallbladder inflammation. Here, we investigated miRNA and mRNA involved in the formation of gallstones, and explored the molecular mechanisms in the development of gallstones. Differentially expressed 17 miRNAs and 525 mRNA were identified based on Illumina sequencing from gallbladder mucosa of patients with or without gallstones, and were validated by randomly selected 6 miRNAs and 8 genes using quantitative RT-PCR. 114 miRNA target genes were identified, whose functions and regulating pathways were related to gallstones. The differentially expressed genes were enriched upon lipoprotein binding and some metabolic pathways, and differentially expressed miRNAs enriched upon ABC transportation and cancer related pathways. A molecular regulatory network consisting of 17 differentially expressed miRNAs, inclusive of their target genes, was constructed. miR-210 and its potential target gene ATP11A were found to be differentially expressed in both miRNA and mRNA profiles. ATP11A was a direct target of miR-210, which was predicted to regulate the ABC-transporters pathway. The expression levels of ATP11A in the gallstone showed inverse correlation with miR-210 expression, and up-regulation of miR-210 could reduce ATP11A expression in HGBEC. This is the first report that indicates the existence of differences in miRNA and mRNA expression in patients with or without gallstones. Our data shed light on further investigating the mechanisms of gallstone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the 1st Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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43
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Isocaloric Pair-Fed High-Carbohydrate Diet Induced More Hepatic Steatosis and Inflammation than High-Fat Diet Mediated by miR-34a/SIRT1 Axis in Mice. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16774. [PMID: 26608583 PMCID: PMC4660435 DOI: 10.1038/srep16774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the different effects of isocaloric high-fat diet (HFD) and high-carbohydrate diet (HCD) on hepatic steatosis and the underlying mechanisms, especially the role of microRNA-34a/silent information regulator T1 (SIRT1) axis, C57BL/6J mice (n = 12/group) were isocaloric pair-fed with Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet containing either high fat (HFLD) or high carbohydrate (HCLD) for 16 weeks. As compared to the HFLD fed mice, despite the similar final body weights, HCLD feeding: (1) induced more severe hepatic steatosis; (2) up-regulated hepatic expression of miR-34a accompanied with significant decrease of SIRT1 and nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), SIRT1 activity and phosphorylation of AMPK; (3) up-regulated de novo lipogenesis (DNL) related proteins expression (ACC, SCD1), and down-regulated expressions of miR-122, miR-370 and miR-33; (4) decreased mRNA expressions of genes Cpt1, Pparα and Pgc1α related to fatty acid oxidation; (5) increased hepatic total cholesterol concentration and decreased expression of cholesterol metabolism related genes Abcg5, Abcg8, Abcg11, Cyp7a1 and Cyp8b1; and (6) induced higher hepatic inflammatory response accompanied with significant increased mRNA expressions of Il1β, Tnfα and Mcp1. Thus, isocaloric HCLD feeding induced greater severity in hepatic steatosis and inflammatory response than HFLD feeding, potentially through miR-34a/SIRT1 axis mediated promotion of DNL, inhibition of fatty acid oxidation and cholesterol metabolism.
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44
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Moisá SJ, Shike DW, Shoup L, Loor JJ. Maternal Plane of Nutrition During Late-Gestation and Weaning Age Alter Steer Calf Longissimus Muscle Adipogenic MicroRNA and Target Gene Expression. Lipids 2015; 51:123-38. [PMID: 26597919 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-015-4092-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The main objective was to evaluate if different planes of maternal nutrition during late gestation and weaning age alter microRNA (miRNA) and target gene expression in offspring longissimus muscle (LM). Early (EW) and normal weaned (NW) Angus × Simmental calves (n = 30) born to cows that were grazing endophyte-infected tall fescue and red clover pastures with no supplement [low plane of nutrition (LPN)], or supplemented with 2.3 and 9.1 kg of dried distiller's grains with solubles and soy hulls [medium and high plane of nutrition (MPN, HPN), respectively] during the last 105 ± 11 days of gestation were used. Biopsies of LM were harvested at 78 (early weaning), 187 (normal weaning) and 354 days of age. Results indicate a role of pro-adipogenic miRNA in the control of adipogenesis in LM of NW-MPN steers between 78 and 187 days of age through upregulation of (1) miR-103 which inhibits CAV1, a protein that destabilizes INSR and leads to insulin resistance; (2) miR-143 which inhibits DLK1, a protein that inhibits adipocyte differentiation; and (3) miR-21 which impairs TGFBR2-induced inhibition of adipocyte differentiation. Among the studied anti-adipogenic miRNA, cow plane of nutrition resulted in downregulation of miR-34a expression in MPN steers compared with HPN and LPN at 78 days of age. Data for miR-34a provided a potential sign of epigenetic regulation of LM in beef offspring due to the cow plane of nutrition during late gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia J Moisá
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Daniel W Shike
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Lindsay Shoup
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Juan J Loor
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA. .,Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA. .,Division of Nutritional Sciences, Illinois Informatics Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.
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Effect of miR-34a in regulating steatosis by targeting PPARα expression in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13729. [PMID: 26330104 PMCID: PMC4557122 DOI: 10.1038/srep13729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-34a (miR-34a) is thought to be involved in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the association between altered expression of miR-34a and the pathophysiological features of NAFLD remains unclear. Here, we investigated the mechanisms by which miR-34a influences NAFLD through the PPARα-related pathway. Real-time quantitative PCR, western blotting and other assays kit were used to investigate the expression and function of miR-34a in an NAFLD model. Cultured cells transfected with miR-34a inhibitor and C57BL/6 mice injected with the miR-34a inhibitor through vein tail were conducted for the effects of miR-34a on its target. MiR-34a levels were significantly upregulated in steatosis-induced hepatocytes and in liver tissues of high-fat diet-fed mice. The upregulation of miR-34a resulted in the downregulation of hepatic PPARα and SIRT1 that are the direct targets of miR-34a. Silencing miR-34a led to an initially increased expression of PPARα, SIRT1 and PPARα’s downstream genes. Activation of the central metabolic sensor AMPK was also increased. The miR-34a inhibitor suppressed lipid accumulation and improved the degree of steatosis. Taken together, our data indicated that decreased expression of miR-34a potentially contributes to altered lipid metabolism in NAFLD. Downregulation of miR-34a may be a therapeutic strategy against NAFLD by regulating its target PPARα and SIRT1.
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Cardioprotective Signature of Short-Term Caloric Restriction. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130658. [PMID: 26098549 PMCID: PMC4476723 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To understand the molecular pathways underlying the cardiac preconditioning effect of short-term caloric restriction (CR). Background Lifelong CR has been suggested to reduce the incidence of cardiovascular disease through a variety of mechanisms. However, prolonged adherence to a CR life-style is difficult. Here we reveal the pathways that are modulated by short-term CR, which are associated with protection of the mouse heart from ischemia. Methods Male 10-12 wk old C57bl/6 mice were randomly assigned to an ad libitum (AL) diet with free access to regular chow, or CR, receiving 30% less food for 7 days (d), prior to myocardial infarction (MI) via permanent coronary ligation. At d8, the left ventricles (LV) of AL and CR mice were collected for Western blot, mRNA and microRNA (miR) analyses to identify cardioprotective gene expression signatures. In separate groups, infarct size, cardiac hemodynamics and protein abundance of caspase 3 was measured at d2 post-MI. Results This short-term model of CR was associated with cardio-protection, as evidenced by decreased infarct size (18.5±2.4% vs. 26.6±1.7%, N=10/group; P=0.01). mRNA and miR profiles pre-MI (N=5/group) identified genes modulated by short-term CR to be associated with circadian clock, oxidative stress, immune function, apoptosis, metabolism, angiogenesis, cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix (ECM). Western blots pre-MI revealed CR-associated increases in phosphorylated Akt and GSK3ß, reduced levels of phosphorylated AMPK and mitochondrial related proteins PGC-1α, cytochrome C and cyclooxygenase (COX) IV, with no differences in the levels of phosphorylated eNOS or MAPK (ERK1/2; p38). CR regimen was also associated with reduced protein abundance of cleaved caspase 3 in the infarcted heart and improved cardiac function.
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Willebrords J, Pereira IVA, Maes M, Crespo Yanguas S, Colle I, Van Den Bossche B, Da Silva TC, de Oliveira CPMS, Andraus W, Alves VA, Cogliati B, Vinken M. Strategies, models and biomarkers in experimental non-alcoholic fatty liver disease research. Prog Lipid Res 2015; 59:106-25. [PMID: 26073454 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease encompasses a spectrum of liver diseases, including simple steatosis, steatohepatitis, liver fibrosis and cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is currently the most dominant chronic liver disease in Western countries due to the fact that hepatic steatosis is associated with insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, metabolic syndrome and drug-induced injury. A variety of chemicals, mainly drugs, and diets is known to cause hepatic steatosis in humans and rodents. Experimental non-alcoholic fatty liver disease models rely on the application of a diet or the administration of drugs to laboratory animals or the exposure of hepatic cell lines to these drugs. More recently, genetically modified rodents or zebrafish have been introduced as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease models. Considerable interest now lies in the discovery and development of novel non-invasive biomarkers of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, with specific focus on hepatic steatosis. Experimental diagnostic biomarkers of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, such as (epi)genetic parameters and '-omics'-based read-outs are still in their infancy, but show great promise. In this paper, the array of tools and models for the study of liver steatosis is discussed. Furthermore, the current state-of-art regarding experimental biomarkers such as epigenetic, genetic, transcriptomic, proteomic and metabonomic biomarkers will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost Willebrords
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Isabel Veloso Alves Pereira
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Michaël Maes
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Sara Crespo Yanguas
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Isabelle Colle
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Algemeen Stedelijk Ziekenhuis Campus Aalst, Merestraat 80, 9300 Aalst, Belgium.
| | - Bert Van Den Bossche
- Department of Abdominal Surgery and Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary Surgery, Algemeen Stedelijk Ziekenhuis Campus Aalst, Merestraat 80, 9300 Aalst, Belgium.
| | - Tereza Cristina Da Silva
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Wellington Andraus
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Venâncio Avancini Alves
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Bruno Cogliati
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
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MiR-132 inhibits expression of SIRT1 and induces pro-inflammatory processes of vascular endothelial inflammation through blockade of the SREBP-1c metabolic pathway. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2015; 28:303-11. [PMID: 24924687 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-014-6533-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Inflammation participates centrally in all stages of atherosclerosis (AS), which begins with pro-inflammatory processes and inflammatory changes in the endothelium, related to lipid metabolism. MicroRNA (miRNA) inhibition of inflammation related to SIRT1 has been shown to be a promising therapeutic approach for AS. However, the mechanism of action is unknown. METHODS We investigated whether miRNAs regulate the SIRT1 and its downstream SREBP-lipogenesis-cholesterogenesis metabolic pathway in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). HUVECs were transfected with miR-132 mimics and inhibitors, and then treated with or without tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα). The effects of miR-132 on pro-inflammatory processes, proliferation and apoptosis were assessed. RESULTS We identified that the relative 3' UTR luciferase activities of SIRT1 were significantly decreased in miR-132 transfected HUVECs (0.338 ± 0.036) compared to control (P = 0.000). miR-132 inhibited SIRT1 expression of mRNA level in HUVECs (0.53 ± 0.06) (P < 0.01) as well as proteins of SIRT1. mRNA expression and protein levels of SREBP (0.45 ± 0.07), fatty acid synthase (FASN) (0.55 ± 0.09) and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase (HMGCR) (0.62 ± 0.08) (P < 0.01), which are downstream regulated genes, were reduced in HUVECs by miR-132. MiR-132 promoted pro-inflammatory processes and apoptosis of HUVECs induced by TNF-α, and inhibited its proliferation, viability and migration. CONCLUSIONS SIRT1 mRNAs are direct targets of miR-132. miR-132 controls lipogenesis and cholesterogenesis in HUVECs by inhibiting SIRT1 and SREBP-1c expression and their downstream regulated genes, including FASN and HMGCR. Inhibition of SIRT1 by miR-132 was associated with lipid metabolism-dependent pro-inflammatory processes in HUVECs. The newly identified miRNA, miR-132 represents a novel targeting mechanism for AS therapy.
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Rohrbach S, Aslam M, Niemann B, Schulz R. Impact of caloric restriction on myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury and new therapeutic options to mimic its effects. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 171:2964-92. [PMID: 24611611 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2013] [Revised: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR) is the most reliable intervention to extend lifespan and prevent age-related disorders in various species from yeast to rodents. Short- and long-term CR confers cardio protection against ischaemia/reperfusion injury in young and even in aged rodents. A few human trials suggest that CR has the potential to mediate improvement of cardiac or vascular function and induce retardation of cardiac senescence also in humans. The underlying mechanisms are diverse and have not yet been clearly defined. Among the known mediators for the benefits of CR are NO, the AMP-activated PK, sirtuins and adiponectin. Mitochondria, which play a central role in such complex processes within the cell as apoptosis, ATP-production or oxidative stress, are centrally involved in many aspects of CR-induced protection against ischaemic injury. Here, we discuss the relevant literature regarding the protection against myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury conferred by CR. Furthermore, we will discuss drug targets to mimic CR and the possible role of calorie restriction in preserving cardiovascular function in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Rohrbach
- Institute of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Abstract
Aging is a biological process characterized by the progressive deterioration of physiological functions that occurs through the accumulation of macromolecular and cellular damage. This phenomenon impairs tissue function and is a risk factor for many disorders including cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer. A recent study has enumerated nine cellular and molecular hallmarks that represent common denominators of aging and together determine the aging phenotype, highlighting the concept of aging plasticity. Among the multiple molecular mechanisms which may contribute to aging modulation, microRNAs (miRNAs) are raising enormous interest due to their ability to affect all the "Hallmarks of Aging." In this chapter, we will focus on the description of the diverse functional roles of geromiRs, the large and growing subgroup of miRNAs implicated in aging. We will also address the molecular mechanisms underlying miRNA function in aging and discuss potential strategies for managing aging and extending longevity based on geromiR modulation.
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