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Im G, Choi D. Molecular and physiological characterization of AIP1, encoding the acetolactate synthase regulatory subunit in rice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 718:150087. [PMID: 38735139 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Flooding deprives plants of oxygen and thereby causes severe stress by interfering with energy production, leading to growth retardation. Enzymes and metabolites may help protect plants from waterlogging and hypoxic environmental conditions. Acetolactate synthase (ALS) is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), providing the building blocks for proteins and various secondary metabolites. Additionally, under energy-poor conditions, free BCAAs can be used as an alternative energy source by mitochondria through a catabolic enzyme chain reaction. In this study, we characterized ALS-INTERACTING PROTEIN 1 (OsAIP1), which encodes the regulatory subunit of ALS in rice (Oryza sativa). This gene was expressed in all parts of the rice plant, and its expression level was significantly higher in submerged and low-oxygen environments. Rice transformants overexpressing OsAIP1 showed a higher survival rate under hypoxic stress than did non-transgenic control plants under the same conditions. The OsAIP1-overexpressing plants accumulated increased levels of BCAAs, demonstrating that OsAIP1 is an important factor in the hypoxia resistance mechanism. These results suggest that ALS proteins are part of a defense mechanism that improves the tolerance of plants to low-oxygen environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geunmuk Im
- Department of Biological Science, Kunsan National University, Gunsan-si, 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongsu Choi
- Department of Biological Science, Kunsan National University, Gunsan-si, 54150, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Bellanti F, Lo Buglio A, Pannone G, Pedicillo MC, De Stefano IS, Pignataro A, Capurso C, Vendemiale G. An Amino Acid Mixture to Counteract Skeletal Muscle Atrophy: Impact on Mitochondrial Bioenergetics. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6056. [PMID: 38892242 PMCID: PMC11173258 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy (SMA) is caused by a rise in muscle breakdown and a decline in protein synthesis, with a consequent loss of mass and function. This study characterized the effect of an amino acid mixture (AA) in models of SMA, focusing on mitochondria. C57/Bl6 mice underwent immobilization of one hindlimb (I) or cardiotoxin-induced muscle injury (C) and were compared with controls (CTRL). Mice were then administered AA in drinking water for 10 days and compared to a placebo group. With respect to CTRL, I and C reduced running time and distance, along with grip strength; however, the reduction was prevented by AA. Tibialis anterior (TA) muscles were used for histology and mitochondria isolation. I and C resulted in TA atrophy, characterized by a reduction in both wet weight and TA/body weight ratio and smaller myofibers than those of CTRL. Interestingly, these alterations were lightly observed in mice treated with AA. The mitochondrial yield from the TA of I and C mice was lower than that of CTRL but not in AA-treated mice. AA also preserved mitochondrial bioenergetics in TA muscle from I and C mice. To conclude, this study demonstrates that AA prevents loss of muscle mass and function in SMA by protecting mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bellanti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (F.B.); (A.L.B.); (C.C.)
| | - Aurelio Lo Buglio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (F.B.); (A.L.B.); (C.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Pannone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.P.); (M.C.P.); (I.S.D.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Maria Carmela Pedicillo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.P.); (M.C.P.); (I.S.D.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Ilenia Sara De Stefano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.P.); (M.C.P.); (I.S.D.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Angela Pignataro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.P.); (M.C.P.); (I.S.D.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Cristiano Capurso
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (F.B.); (A.L.B.); (C.C.)
| | - Gianluigi Vendemiale
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (F.B.); (A.L.B.); (C.C.)
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3
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Salem A, Trabelsi K, Jahrami H, AlRasheed MM, Boukhris O, Puce L, Bragazzi NL, Ammar A, Glenn JM, Chtourou H. Branched-Chain Amino Acids Supplementation and Post-Exercise Recovery: An Overview of Systematic Reviews. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN NUTRITION ASSOCIATION 2024; 43:384-396. [PMID: 38241335 DOI: 10.1080/27697061.2023.2297899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Objective: This overview of systematic reviews (OoSRs) aimed, firstly, to systematically review, summarize, and appraise the findings of published systematic reviews with or without meta-analyses that investigate the effects of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) on post-exercise recovery of muscle damage biomarkers, muscle soreness, and muscle performance. The secondary objective was to re-analyze and standardize the results of meta-analyses using the random-effects Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman (HKSJ) method.Methods: The methodological quality of the reviews was assessed using A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2.We searched on five databases (i.e., PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, ProQuest) for systematic reviews with or without meta-analyses that investigated the effects of BCAA supplementation on the post-exercise recovery of muscle damage biomarkers, muscle soreness, and muscle performance.Results: Eleven systematic reviews (seven with meta-analyses) of individual studies were included. Evidence suggests BCAA ingestion attenuates creatine kinase (CK) levels (medium effects) and muscle soreness (small effects) immediately post-exercise and accelerates their recovery process, with trivial-to-large effects for CK levels and small-to-large effects for muscle soreness. BCAA supplementation has no effect on lactate dehydrogenase, myoglobin, and muscle performance recovery. The re-analyses with HKSJ method using the original data reported a slight change in results significance, concluding the same evidence as the original results. The major flaws found in the analyzed reviews were the absence of justification for excluding studies, and the lack of provision of sources of funding for primary studies and sources of conflict of interest and/or funding description.Conclusions: BCAA supplementation is an effective method to reduce post-exercise muscle damage biomarkers, particularly CK levels, and muscle soreness, with no effect on muscle performance. Future systematic reviews with/without meta-analyses, with greater methodological rigor, are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atef Salem
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Physical Activity, Sport, and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Khaled Trabelsi
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, EM2S, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Haitham Jahrami
- Ministry of Health, Manama, Bahrain
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Maha M AlRasheed
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Boukhris
- Sport and Exercise Science, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Luca Puce
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Ital
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Achraf Ammar
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jordan M Glenn
- Department of Health, Exercise Science Research Center Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Physical Activity, Sport, and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
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Salem A, Ben Maaoui K, Jahrami H, AlMarzooqi MA, Boukhris O, Messai B, Clark CCT, Glenn JM, Ghazzaoui HA, Bragazzi NL, Ammar A, Trabelsi K, Chtourou H. Attenuating Muscle Damage Biomarkers and Muscle Soreness After an Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage with Branched-Chain Amino Acid (BCAA) Supplementation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis with Meta-regression. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2024; 10:42. [PMID: 38625669 PMCID: PMC11021390 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-024-00686-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation is one of the most popular strategies used by the general population and athletes to reduce muscle soreness and accelerate the recovery process of muscle damage biomarkers after an intense exercise or training session. OBJECTIVES This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the effects of BCAA supplementation on muscle damage biomarkers and muscle soreness after exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). METHODS The systematic literature search for randomized controlled trials was conducted using seven databases, up to September 13th, 2022. The eligibility criteria for selecting studies were as follows: studies performed on healthy active participants, using BCAA at least once, controlled with a placebo or control group, performing resistance or endurance exercises, and followed up at least once post-EIMD. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the "SIGN RCT checklist". Random-effects meta-analyses were processed to compute the standardized mean difference (Hedges' g). Meta-regression analyses were completed with daily and total dosage and supplementation as continuous moderator variables. RESULTS Of the 18 studies included in this meta-analysis, 13 were of high quality and five were of acceptable quality. Our results revealed BCAA supplementation elicits a significant effect on reducing creatine kinase (CK) levels immediately (g = - 0.44; p = 0.006) and 72 h (g = - 0.99; p = 0.002), but not 24 h, 48 h, and 96 h post-EIMD. Additionally, a significant effect on delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS) was identified at 24 h (g = - 1.34; p < 0.001), 48 h (g = - 1.75; p < 0.001), 72 h (g = - 1.82; p < 0.001), and 96 h (g = - 0.82; p = 0.008), but not immediately post-EIMD. No significant effect was found on lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels at any time point. Meta-regression indicated higher daily and total dosages of BCAA, and longer supplementation periods were related to the largest beneficial effects on CK (total dosage and supplementation period) at 48 h, and on DOMS at 24 h (only daily dosage). CONCLUSION The overall effects of BCAA supplementation could be considered useful for lowering CK and DOMS after EIMD, but not LDH. The longer supplementation period prior to the EIMD could be more effective for CK and DOMS reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atef Salem
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia.
- Physical Activity, Sport, and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, 1003, Tunis, Tunisia.
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Khouloud Ben Maaoui
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Haithem Jahrami
- Ministry of Health, Manama, 410, Bahrain
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, 323, Bahrain
| | | | - Omar Boukhris
- Sport and Exercise Science, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, 3086, Australia
| | - Balsam Messai
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
- Physical Activity, Sport, and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, 1003, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Cain C T Clark
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, CV1 5FB, UK
| | - Jordan M Glenn
- Department of Health, Exercise Science Research Center Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Hadeel A Ghazzaoui
- Department Nutrition and Food Technology, School of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Achraf Ammar
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Khaled Trabelsi
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, EM2S, LR19JS01, University of Sfax, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
- Physical Activity, Sport, and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, 1003, Tunis, Tunisia
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Sharma S, Zhang X, Azhar G, Patyal P, Verma A, KC G, Wei JY. Valine improves mitochondrial function and protects against oxidative stress. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2024; 88:168-176. [PMID: 38093456 PMCID: PMC10807754 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbad169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Among the branched-chain amino acids, leucine and isoleucine have been well studied for their roles in improving mitochondrial function and reducing oxidative stress. However, role of valine in mitochondrial function regulation and oxidative stress management remains elusive. This study investigated valine effect on mitochondrial function and oxidative stress in vitro. Valine increased expression of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics. It upregulates mitochondrial function at complexes I, II, and IV levels of electron transport chain. Flow cytometry studies revealed, valine reduced oxidative stress by significantly lowering mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and protein expression of 4-hydroxynonenal. Functional role of valine against oxidative stress was analyzed by XFe96 Analyzer. Valine sustained oxidative phosphorylation and improved ATP generation rates during oxidative stress. In conclusion, our findings shed more light on the critical function of valine in protecting mitochondrial function thereby preventing mitochondrial/cellular damage induced by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakshi Sharma
- Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatrics, Institute on Aging, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatrics, Institute on Aging, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Gohar Azhar
- Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatrics, Institute on Aging, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Pankaj Patyal
- Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatrics, Institute on Aging, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Ambika Verma
- Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatrics, Institute on Aging, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Grishma KC
- Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatrics, Institute on Aging, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Jeanne Y Wei
- Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatrics, Institute on Aging, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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Teymoori F, Ahmadirad H, Jahromi MK, Mokhtari E, Farhadnejad H, Mohammadzadeh M, Babrpanjeh M, Shahrokhtabar T, Jamshidi S, Mirmiran P. Serum branched amino acids and the risk of all-cause mortality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Amino Acids 2023; 55:1475-1486. [PMID: 37725184 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03329-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the serum levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) have been considered as an indicator to evaluate health status and predict chronic diseases risk. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the relationship between Serum BCAAs and the risk of all-cause mortality. We carried out a comprehensive and systematic search in various important databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases to find the relevant studies published up to October 2022 with no language, design, or time limitation. We extracted the reported hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) and odds ratio (OR) with 95%CI in cohorts and case-control studies, respectively, and computed the log HR or OR and its standard error. Then, we used the random-effects model with inverse variance weighting method for the present meta-analysis, to calculate the pooled effect size. Ten observational studies, including nine cohort studies and one case-control study, were included in the present meta-analysis. The number of participants ranges from 53 to 26,711, with an age range of 18-99 years. During 6 months to 24 years of follow-up, 3599 deaths were ascertained. The pooled results indicated that there was no significant association between serum BCAAs (RR: 1.17; 95% CI 0.85-1.60), isoleucine (RR: 1.41; 95%CI 0.92-2.17), leucine (RR: 1.13; 95% CI 0.94-1.36), and valine (RR: 1.02; 95%CI 0.86-1.22) and all-cause mortality. Also, there was significant heterogeneity between studies for serum BCAAs (I2 = 74.1% and P-heterogeneity = 0.021), isoleucine (I2 = 89.4% and P-heterogeneity < 0.001), leucine (I2 = 87.8% and P-heterogeneity < 0.001), and valine (I2 = 86.6% and P-heterogeneity < 0.001). Our results suggested that the serum BCAAs and its components, including isoleucine, leucine, and valine, were not associated with the risk of all-cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshad Teymoori
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Ahmadirad
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Kazemi Jahromi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Mokhtari
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hossein Farhadnejad
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Babrpanjeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahere Shahrokhtabar
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanaz Jamshidi
- Imam Ali Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Kazerun, Iran.
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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7
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Yao H, Li K, Wei J, Lin Y, Liu Y. The contradictory role of branched-chain amino acids in lifespan and insulin resistance. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1189982. [PMID: 37408986 PMCID: PMC10318341 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1189982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs; a mixture of leucine, valine and isoleucine) have important regulatory effects on glucose and lipid metabolism, protein synthesis and longevity. Many studies have reported that circulating BCAA levels or dietary intake of BCAAs is associated with longevity, sarcopenia, obesity, and diabetes. Among them, the influence of BCAAs on aging and insulin resistance often present different benefits or harmful effects in the elderly and in animals. Considering the nonobvious correlation between circulating BCAA levels and BCAA uptake, as well as the influence of diseases, diet and aging on the body, some of the contradictory conclusions have been drawn. The regulatory mechanism of the remaining contradictory role may be related to endogenous branched-chain amino acid levels, branched-chain amino acid metabolism and mTOR-related autophagy. Furthermore, the recent discovery that insulin resistance may be independent of longevity has expanded the research thinking related to the regulatory mechanism among the three. However, the negative effects of BCAAs on longevity and insulin resistance were mostly observed in high-fat diet-fed subjects or obese individuals, while the effects in other diseases still need to be studied further. In conclusion, there is still no definite conclusion on the specific conditions under which BCAAs and insulin resistance extend life, shorten life, or do not change lifespan, and there is still no credible and comprehensive explanation for the different effects of BCAAs and insulin resistance on lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Yao
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Taian, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yajun Lin
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yinghua Liu
- Department of Nutrition, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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8
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Pasini E, Corsetti G, Dioguardi FS. Nutritional Supplementation and Exercise as Essential Allies in the Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure: The Metabolic and Molecular Bases. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102337. [PMID: 37242219 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic heart failure (CHF) is one of principal health problems in industrialized countries. Despite therapeutical improvement, based on drugs and exercise training, it is still characterized by elevated mortality and morbidity. Data show that protein energy malnutrition, clinically evident primarily with sarcopenia, is present in more than 50% of CHF patients and is an independent factor of CHF prognosis. Several pathophysiological mechanisms, primarily due to the increase in blood hypercatabolic molecules, have been proposed to explain this phenomenon. Nutritional supplementation with proteins, amino acids, vitamins and antioxidants have all been used to treat malnutrition. However, the success and efficacy of these procedures are often contradictory and not conclusive. Interestingly, data on exercise training show that exercise reduces mortality and increases functional capacity, although it also increases the catabolic state with energy expenditure and nitrogen-providing substrate needs. Therefore, this paper discusses the molecular mechanisms of specific nutritional supplementation and exercise training that may improve anabolic pathways. In our opinion, the relationship between exercise and the mTOR complex subunit as Deptor and/or related signaling proteins, such as AMPK or sestrin, is pivotal. Consequently, concomitantly with traditional medical therapies, we have proposed a combination of personalized and integrated nutritional supplementation, as well as exercise to treat malnutrition, and anthropometric and functional CHF-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evasio Pasini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25100 Brescia, Italy
- Italian Association of Functional Medicine, 20855 Lesmo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Corsetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25100 Brescia, Italy
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9
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Dalle Grave R, Calugi S, Ruocco C, Chimini M, Segala A, Ragni M, Carruba M, Valerio A, Nisoli E. Efficacy and tolerability of a specific blend of amino acids in patients with anorexia nervosa treated in a hospital setting: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2023; 24:104. [PMID: 36759873 PMCID: PMC9912576 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07120-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Specific blends of essential amino acids (EAA) containing a high percentage of branched-chain amino acids preserves mitochondrial metabolism and higher physical resistance in elderly mice, increasing their survival and improving physical performance and cognitive functions in malnourished elderly patients. However, no study has been yet done on patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) who regain weight with specialized intensive treatment. The present study aims to evaluate the efficacy of supplementation with EAA on the change in lean body mass (LBM) and other physical and psychological outcomes in patients with AN who are undergoing specialist treatment for eating disorders. METHODS This is a 13-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Patients will be randomized to either a mixture of a complex blend of EAA and intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle (citrate, malate, succinate) supplementation (or placebo) upon admission at the intensive residential and day-hospital treatment for eating disorders. Ninety-two participants with AN aged 16-50 years will be recruited from a specialized intensive treatment of eating disorders. Double-blind assessment will be conducted at baseline (T0) and the end of the 13 weeks of treatment (T1). The study's primary aim is to evaluate the efficacy of supplementation with EAA and TCA intermediates on the change in lean body mass (LBM) with weight restoration in patients with AN who are undergoing specialist treatment for eating disorders. The secondary aims of the study are to assess the effect of dietary supplementation on physical fitness, weight restoration, modification of AN and general psychopathology, and psychosocial impairment. DISCUSSION The study's results will inform researchers and clinicians on whether supplementing a mixture of EAA and TCA cycle intermediates will improve the increase of LBM and other important physical and psychological outcomes in patients with AN who regain weight with specialized intensive treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT, NCT05290285. Registered on 22 March 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Dalle Grave
- Department of Eating and Weight Disorders, Villa Garda Hospital, Via Monte Baldo, 89, Garda, 37016, Verona, Italy.
| | - Simona Calugi
- grid.416990.30000 0004 1787 1136Department of Eating and Weight Disorders, Villa Garda Hospital, Via Monte Baldo, 89, Garda, 37016 Verona, Italy
| | - Chiara Ruocco
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Biomedical Technology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via Vanvitelli, 32, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Mirko Chimini
- grid.416990.30000 0004 1787 1136Department of Eating and Weight Disorders, Villa Garda Hospital, Via Monte Baldo, 89, Garda, 37016 Verona, Italy
| | - Agnese Segala
- grid.7637.50000000417571846Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Brescia University, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ragni
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Biomedical Technology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via Vanvitelli, 32, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Carruba
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Biomedical Technology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via Vanvitelli, 32, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Valerio
- grid.7637.50000000417571846Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Brescia University, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Enzo Nisoli
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Biomedical Technology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via Vanvitelli, 32, 20129 Milan, Italy
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10
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Ye LF, Weng JY, Wu LD. Integrated genomic analysis defines molecular subgroups in dilated cardiomyopathy and identifies novel biomarkers based on machine learning methods. Front Genet 2023; 14:1050696. [PMID: 36824437 PMCID: PMC9941670 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1050696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: As the most common cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) often leads to progressive heart failure and sudden cardiac death. This study was designed to investigate the molecular subgroups of DCM. Methods: Three datasets of DCM were downloaded from GEO database (GSE17800, GSE79962 and GSE3585). After log2-transformation and background correction with "limma" package in R software, the three datasets were merged into a metadata cohort. The consensus clustering was conducted by the "Consensus Cluster Plus" package to uncover the molecular subgroups of DCM. Moreover, clinical characteristics of different molecular subgroups were compared in detail. We also adopted Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) analysis based on subgroup-specific signatures of gene expression profiles to further explore the specific gene modules of each molecular subgroup and its biological function. Two machine learning methods of LASSO regression algorithm and SVM-RFE algorithm was used to screen out the genetic biomarkers, of which the discriminative ability of molecular subgroups was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: Based on the gene expression profiles, heart tissue samples from patients with DCM were clustered into three molecular subgroups. No statistical difference was found in age, body mass index (BMI) and left ventricular internal diameter at end-diastole (LVIDD) among three molecular subgroups. However, the results of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) statistics showed that patients from subgroup 2 had a worse condition than the other group. We found that some of the gene modules (pink, black and grey) in WGCNA analysis were significantly related to cardiac function, and each molecular subgroup had its specific gene modules functions in modulating occurrence and progression of DCM. LASSO regression algorithm and SVM-RFE algorithm was used to further screen out genetic biomarkers of molecular subgroup 2, including TCEAL4, ISG15, RWDD1, ALG5, MRPL20, JTB and LITAF. The results of ROC curves showed that all of the genetic biomarkers had favorable discriminative effectiveness. Conclusion: Patients from different molecular subgroups have their unique gene expression patterns and different clinical characteristics. More personalized treatment under the guidance of gene expression patterns should be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Fang Ye
- Changzhi People’s Hospital, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
| | - Jia-Yi Weng
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University,Suzhou, China,*Correspondence: Li-Da Wu, ; Jia-Yi Weng,
| | - Li-Da Wu
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: Li-Da Wu, ; Jia-Yi Weng,
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11
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Newly Synthesized Creatine Derivatives as Potential Neuroprotective and Antioxidant Agents on In Vitro Models of Parkinson's Disease. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:life13010139. [PMID: 36676090 PMCID: PMC9864416 DOI: 10.3390/life13010139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is one of the key factors responsible for many diseases-neurodegenerative (Parkinson and Alzheimer) diseases, diabetes, atherosclerosis, etc. Creatine, a natural amino acid derivative, is capable of exerting mild, direct antioxidant activity in cultured mammalian cells acutely injured with an array of different reactive oxygen species (ROS) generating compounds. The aim of the study was in vitro (on isolated rat brain sub-cellular fractions-synaptosomes, mitochondria and microsomes) evaluation of newly synthetized creatine derivatives for possible antioxidant and neuroprotective activity. The synaptosomes and mitochondria were obtained by multiple centrifugations with Percoll, while microsomes-only by multiple centrifugations. Varying models of oxidative stress were used to study the possible antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of the respective compounds: on synaptosomes-6-hydroxydopamine; on mitochondria-tert-butyl hydroperoxide; and on microsomes-iron/ascorbate (non-enzyme-induced lipid peroxidation). Administered alone, creatine derivatives and creatine (at concentration 38 µM) revealed neurotoxic and pro-oxidant effects on isolated rat brain subcellular fractions (synaptosomes, mitochondria and microsomes). In models of 6-hydroxydopamine (on synaptosomes), tert-butyl hydroperoxide (on mitochondria) and iron/ascorbate (on microsomes)-induced oxidative stress, the derivatives showed neuroprotective and antioxidant effects. These effects may be due to the preservation of the reduced glutathione level, ROS scavenging and membranes' stabilizers against free radicals. Thus, they play a role in the antioxidative defense system and have a promising potential as therapeutic neuroprotective agents for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, connected with oxidative stress, such as Parkinson's disease.
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12
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Ravanelli S, Li Q, Annibal A, Trifunovic A, Antebi A, Hoppe T. Reprograming of proteasomal degradation by branched chain amino acid metabolism. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13725. [PMID: 36168305 PMCID: PMC9741504 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism is a central hub for energy production and regulation of numerous physiological processes. Controversially, both increased and decreased levels of BCAAs are associated with longevity. Using genetics and multi-omics analyses in Caenorhabditis elegans, we identified adaptive regulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) in response to defective BCAA catabolic reactions after the initial transamination step. Worms with impaired BCAA metabolism show a slower turnover of a GFP-based proteasome substrate, which is suppressed by loss-of-function of the first BCAA catabolic enzyme, the branched-chain aminotransferase BCAT-1. The exogenous supply of BCAA-derived carboxylic acids, which are known to accumulate in the body fluid of patients with BCAA metabolic disorders, is sufficient to regulate the UPS. The link between BCAA intermediates and UPS function presented here sheds light on the unexplained role of BCAAs in the aging process and opens future possibilities for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Ravanelli
- Institute for GeneticsUniversity of CologneCologneGermany,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD)University of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Qiaochu Li
- Institute for GeneticsUniversity of CologneCologneGermany,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD)University of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Andrea Annibal
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of AgeingCologneGermany
| | - Aleksandra Trifunovic
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD)University of CologneCologneGermany,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC)University of CologneCologneGermany,Institute for Mitochondrial Diseases and Ageing, Medical FacultyUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Adam Antebi
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD)University of CologneCologneGermany,Max Planck Institute for Biology of AgeingCologneGermany
| | - Thorsten Hoppe
- Institute for GeneticsUniversity of CologneCologneGermany,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD)University of CologneCologneGermany,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC)University of CologneCologneGermany
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13
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Role of gut microbiota-derived branched-chain amino acids in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease: An animal study. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 106:307-321. [PMID: 36126853 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation caused by the disorder of gut microbiota and its metabolites is associated with the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Thus, it is necessary to identify certain molecules derived from gut microbiota to verify whether they could become intervention targets for the treatment of PD. The branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), as a common dietary supplement, could modulate brain function. Herein, we investigated the longitudinal shifts of microbial community in mice treated with rotenone for 0, 3 and 4 weeks by 16S rRNA gene sequencing to identify the microbial markers at different PD stages. Serum BCAAs were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Then, rotenone-induced mice were given a high BCAA diet to evaluate the motor and non-motor functions, dopaminergic neuron loss, and inflammation levels. Using a PD mouse model, we discovered that during PD progression, the alterations of gut microbiota compositions led to the peripheral decrease of BCAAs. Based on the serum lipopolysaccharide binding protein concentrations and the levels of pro-inflammatory factors (including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin [IL]-1β, and IL-6) in the colon and substantia nigra, we found that the high BCAA diet could attenuate the inflammatory levels in PD mice, and reverse motor and non-motor dysfunctions and dopaminergic neuron impairment. Together, our results emphasize the dynamic changes of gut microbiota and BCAA metabolism and propose a novel strategy for PD therapy: a high BCAA diet intervention could improve PD progression by regulating the levels of inflammation.
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14
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Singh S, Sharma P, Pal N, Kumawat M, Shubham S, Sarma DK, Tiwari RR, Kumar M, Nagpal R. Impact of Environmental Pollutants on Gut Microbiome and Mental Health via the Gut–Brain Axis. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071457. [PMID: 35889175 PMCID: PMC9317668 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last few years, the microbiome has emerged as a high-priority research area to discover missing links between brain health and gut dysbiosis. Emerging evidence suggests that the commensal gut microbiome is an important regulator of the gut–brain axis and plays a critical role in brain physiology. Engaging microbiome-generated metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids, the immune system, the enteric nervous system, the endocrine system (including the HPA axis), tryptophan metabolism or the vagus nerve plays a crucial role in communication between the gut microbes and the brain. Humans are exposed to a wide range of pollutants in everyday life that impact our intestinal microbiota and manipulate the bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain, resulting in predisposition to psychiatric or neurological disorders. However, the interaction between xenobiotics, microbiota and neurotoxicity has yet to be completely investigated. Although research into the precise processes of the microbiota–gut–brain axis is growing rapidly, comprehending the implications of environmental contaminants remains challenging. In these milieus, we herein discuss how various environmental pollutants such as phthalates, heavy metals, Bisphenol A and particulate matter may alter the intricate microbiota–gut–brain axis thereby impacting our neurological and overall mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samradhi Singh
- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal 462030, India; (S.S.); (P.S.); (N.P.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (D.K.S.); (R.R.T.)
| | - Poonam Sharma
- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal 462030, India; (S.S.); (P.S.); (N.P.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (D.K.S.); (R.R.T.)
| | - Namrata Pal
- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal 462030, India; (S.S.); (P.S.); (N.P.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (D.K.S.); (R.R.T.)
| | - Manoj Kumawat
- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal 462030, India; (S.S.); (P.S.); (N.P.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (D.K.S.); (R.R.T.)
| | - Swasti Shubham
- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal 462030, India; (S.S.); (P.S.); (N.P.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (D.K.S.); (R.R.T.)
| | - Devojit Kumar Sarma
- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal 462030, India; (S.S.); (P.S.); (N.P.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (D.K.S.); (R.R.T.)
| | - Rajnarayan R. Tiwari
- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal 462030, India; (S.S.); (P.S.); (N.P.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (D.K.S.); (R.R.T.)
| | - Manoj Kumar
- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal 462030, India; (S.S.); (P.S.); (N.P.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (D.K.S.); (R.R.T.)
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (R.N.)
| | - Ravinder Nagpal
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32302, USA
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (R.N.)
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15
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Frailty in rodents: Models, underlying mechanisms, and management. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 79:101659. [PMID: 35660004 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Frailty is a clinical geriatric syndrome characterized by decreased multisystem function and increased vulnerability to adverse outcomes. Although numerous studies have been conducted on frailty, the underlying mechanisms and management strategies remain unclear. As rodents share homology with humans, they are used extensively as animal models to study human diseases. Rodent frailty models can be classified broadly into the genetic modification and non-genetic modification models, the latter of which include frailty assessment models (based on the Fried frailty phenotype and frailty index methods) and induced frailty models. Such models were developed for use in investigating frailty-related physiological changes at the gene, cellular, molecular, and system levels, including the organ system level. Furthermore, exercise, diet, and medication interventions, in addition to their combinations, could improve frailty status in rodents. Rodent frailty models provide novel and effective tools for frailty research. In the present paper, we review research progress in rodent frailty models, mechanisms, and management, which could facilitate and guide further clinical research on frailty in older adults.
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16
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Krammer UDB, Sommer A, Tschida S, Mayer A, Lilja SV, Switzeny OJ, Hippe B, Rust P, Haslberger AG. PGC-1α Methylation, miR-23a, and miR-30e Expression as Biomarkers for Exercise- and Diet-Induced Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Capillary Blood from Healthy Individuals: A Single-Arm Intervention. Sports (Basel) 2022; 10:73. [PMID: 35622482 PMCID: PMC9143572 DOI: 10.3390/sports10050073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthy mitochondria and their epigenetic control are essential to maintaining health, extending life expectancy, and improving cardiovascular performance. Strategies to maintain functional mitochondria during aging include training; cardiovascular exercise has been suggested as the best method, but strength training has also been identified as essential to health and healthy aging. We therefore investigated the effects of concurrent exercise training and dietary habits on epigenetic mechanisms involved in mitochondrial (mt) functions and biogenesis. We analyzed epigenetic biomarkers that directly target the key regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, PGC-1α, and mtDNA content. Thirty-six healthy, sedentary participants completed a 12-week concurrent training program. Before and after the intervention, dried blood spot samples and data on eating habits, lifestyle, and body composition were collected. MiR-23a, miR-30e expression, and mtDNA content were analyzed using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis. PGC-1α methylation was analyzed using bisulfite pyrosequencing. MiR-23a, miR-30e expression, and PGC-1α methylation decreased after the intervention (p < 0.05). PGC-1α methylation increased with the consumption of red and processed meat, and mtDNA content increased with the ingestion of cruciferous vegetables (p < 0.05). Our results indicate that concurrent training could improve mitochondrial biogenesis and functions by altering the epigenetic regulation. These alterations can also be detected outside of the skeletal muscle and could potentially affect athletic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike D. B. Krammer
- Department of Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (U.D.B.K.); (S.T.); (A.M.); (S.V.L.); (B.H.); (P.R.)
- HealthBioCare GmbH, A-1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Alexandra Sommer
- Center for Molecular Biology, University of Vienna, A-1030 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Sylvia Tschida
- Department of Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (U.D.B.K.); (S.T.); (A.M.); (S.V.L.); (B.H.); (P.R.)
| | - Anna Mayer
- Department of Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (U.D.B.K.); (S.T.); (A.M.); (S.V.L.); (B.H.); (P.R.)
| | - Stephanie V. Lilja
- Department of Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (U.D.B.K.); (S.T.); (A.M.); (S.V.L.); (B.H.); (P.R.)
| | | | - Berit Hippe
- Department of Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (U.D.B.K.); (S.T.); (A.M.); (S.V.L.); (B.H.); (P.R.)
- HealthBioCare GmbH, A-1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Petra Rust
- Department of Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (U.D.B.K.); (S.T.); (A.M.); (S.V.L.); (B.H.); (P.R.)
| | - Alexander G. Haslberger
- Department of Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (U.D.B.K.); (S.T.); (A.M.); (S.V.L.); (B.H.); (P.R.)
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17
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Metabolomics analysis of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in World Trade Center responders. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:174. [PMID: 35484105 PMCID: PMC9050707 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01940-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics has yielded promising insights into the pathophysiology of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The current study expands understanding of the systems-level effects of metabolites by using global metabolomics and complex lipid profiling in plasma samples from 124 World Trade Center responders (56 PTSD, 68 control) on 1628 metabolites. Differential metabolomics analysis identified hexosylceramide HCER(26:1) associated with PTSD at FDR < 0.1. The multi-metabolite composite score achieved an AUC of 0.839 for PTSD versus unaffected control classification. Independent component analysis identified three metabolomic modules significantly associated with PTSD. These modules were significantly enriched in bile acid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism and pregnenolone steroids, which are involved in innate immunity, inflammatory process and neuronal excitability, respectively. Integrative analysis of metabolomics and our prior proteomics datasets on subsample of 96 responders identified seven proteomic modules significantly correlated with metabolic modules. Overall, our findings shed light on the molecular alterations and identify metabolomic-proteomic signatures associated with PTSD by using machine learning and network approaches to enhance understanding of the pathways implicated in PTSD. If present results are confirmed in follow-up studies, they may inform development of novel treatments.
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18
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Are We What We Eat? Impact of Diet on the Gut-Brain Axis in Parkinson's Disease. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14020380. [PMID: 35057561 PMCID: PMC8780419 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease is characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms, such as defects in the gut function, which may occur before the motor symptoms. To date, there are therapies that can improve these symptoms, but there is no cure to avoid the development or exacerbation of this disorder. Dysbiosis of gut microbiota could have a crucial role in the gut–brain axis, which is a bidirectional communication between the central nervous system and the enteric nervous system. Diet can affect the microbiota composition, impacting gut–brain axis functionality. Gut microbiome restoration through probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics or other dietary means could have the potential to slow PD progression. In this review, we will discuss the influence of diet on the bidirectional communication between gut and brain, thus supporting the hypothesis that this disorder could begin in the gut. We also focus on how food-based therapies might then have an influence on PD and could ameliorate non-motor as well as motor symptoms.
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19
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Li X, Liao A, Dong Y, Hou Y, Pan L, Li C, Zheng S, Yuan Y, Zhang J, Huang J. In vitro dynamic digestion and antifatigue effects of wheat germ albumin. Food Funct 2022; 13:2559-2569. [DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03355g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Wheat germ protein including wheat germ albumin (WGA) demonstrated extensive biological activities. In vitro dynamic digestion of was carried out under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Antifatigue effects of WGA were evaluated...
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20
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Wang D, Ye J, Shi R, Zhao B, Liu Z, Lin W, Liu X. Dietary protein and amino acid restriction: Roles in metabolic health and aging-related diseases. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 178:226-242. [PMID: 34890767 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity is a worldwide phenomenon in all age groups and is associated with aging-related diseases such as type 2 diabetes, as well metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. The use of dietary restriction (DR) while avoiding malnutrition has many profound beneficial effects on aging and metabolic health, and dietary protein or specific amino acid (AA) restrictions, rather than overall calorie intake, are considered to play key roles in the effects of DR on host health. Whereas comprehensive reviews of the underlying mechanisms are limited, protein restriction and methionine (Met) restriction improve metabolic health and aging-related neurodegenerative diseases, and may be associated with FGF21, mTOR and autophagy, improved mitochondrial function and oxidative stress. Circulating branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are inversely correlated with metabolic health, and BCAAs and leucine (Leu) restriction promote metabolic homeostasis in rodents. Although tryptophan (Trp) restriction extends the lifespan of rodents, the Trp-restricted diet is reported to increase inflammation in aged mice, while severe Trp restriction has side effects such as anorexia. Furthermore, inadequate protein intake in the elderly increases the risk of muscle-centric health. Therefore, the restriction of specific AAs may be an effective and executable dietary manipulation for metabolic and aging-related health in humans, which warrants further investigation to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danna Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jin Ye
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Renjie Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Beita Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, China.
| | - Xuebo Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
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21
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Forero-Rodríguez LJ, Josephs-Spaulding J, Flor S, Pinzón A, Kaleta C. Parkinson's Disease and the Metal-Microbiome-Gut-Brain Axis: A Systems Toxicology Approach. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:71. [PMID: 35052575 PMCID: PMC8773335 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease, leading to motor and non-motor complications. Autonomic alterations, including gastrointestinal symptoms, precede motor defects and act as early warning signs. Chronic exposure to dietary, environmental heavy metals impacts the gastrointestinal system and host-associated microbiome, eventually affecting the central nervous system. The correlation between dysbiosis and PD suggests a functional and bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain. The bioaccumulation of metals promotes stress mechanisms by increasing reactive oxygen species, likely altering the bidirectional gut-brain link. To better understand the differing molecular mechanisms underlying PD, integrative modeling approaches are necessary to connect multifactorial perturbations in this heterogeneous disorder. By exploring the effects of gut microbiota modulation on dietary heavy metal exposure in relation to PD onset, the modification of the host-associated microbiome to mitigate neurological stress may be a future treatment option against neurodegeneration through bioremediation. The progressive movement towards a systems toxicology framework for precision medicine can uncover molecular mechanisms underlying PD onset such as metal regulation and microbial community interactions by developing predictive models to better understand PD etiology to identify options for novel treatments and beyond. Several methodologies recently addressed the complexity of this interaction from different perspectives; however, to date, a comprehensive review of these approaches is still lacking. Therefore, our main aim through this manuscript is to fill this gap in the scientific literature by reviewing recently published papers to address the surrounding questions regarding the underlying molecular mechanisms between metals, microbiota, and the gut-brain-axis, as well as the regulation of this system to prevent neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lady Johanna Forero-Rodríguez
- Research Group Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Instituto de Genetica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (L.J.F.-R.); (A.P.)
- Research Group Medical Systems Biology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Brunswiker Straße 10, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (S.F.); (C.K.)
| | - Jonathan Josephs-Spaulding
- Research Group Medical Systems Biology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Brunswiker Straße 10, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (S.F.); (C.K.)
| | - Stefano Flor
- Research Group Medical Systems Biology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Brunswiker Straße 10, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (S.F.); (C.K.)
| | - Andrés Pinzón
- Research Group Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Instituto de Genetica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (L.J.F.-R.); (A.P.)
| | - Christoph Kaleta
- Research Group Medical Systems Biology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Brunswiker Straße 10, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (S.F.); (C.K.)
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22
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Xu B, Wang M, Pu L, Shu C, Li L, Han L. Association of dietary intake of branched-chain amino acids with long-term risks of CVD, cancer and all-cause mortality. Public Health Nutr 2021; 25:1-11. [PMID: 34930509 PMCID: PMC9991783 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980021004948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the associations between dietary branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) intake and long-term risks of CVD, cancer and all-cause mortality in nationwide survey participants aged ≥ 18. DESIGN This was a prospective cohort study. Dietary intakes of BCAA (leucine, isoleucine and valine) were determined from the total nutrient intake document. The main outcomes were CVD, cancer and all-cause mortality. SETTING A nationally representative sample of US adults were recruited by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) from 1988 to 1994. PARTICIPANTS A total of 14 397 adults aged ≥ 18 who participated in the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (NHANES III) were included. RESULTS During 289 406 person-years of follow-up, we identified 4219 deaths, including 1133 from CVD and 926 from cancer. After multivariate adjustment, the hazard ratios (95 % confidence intervals) of all-cause mortality in the highest dietary BCAA and isoleucine intake quintile (reference: lowest quintiles) were 0·68 (0·48, 0·97) and 0·68 (0·48, 0·97), respectively. Each one-standard-deviation increase in total dietary BCAA or isoleucine intake was associated with an 18 % or 21 % decrease in the risk of all-cause mortality, respectively. The serum triglyceride (TAG) concentration was found to modify the association between the dietary BCAA intake and all-cause mortality (Pfor interaction = 0·008). CONCLUSIONS In a nationally representative cohort, higher dietary intakes of BCAA and isoleucine were independently associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality, and these associations were stronger in participants with higher serum TAG concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Xu
- Department of Nutrition, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Global Health, Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang153000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liyuan Pu
- Department of Global Health, Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang153000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chang Shu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lian Li
- Department of Global Health, Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang153000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liyuan Han
- Department of Global Health, Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang153000, People’s Republic of China
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23
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Maslov DL, Zemskaya NV, Trifonova OP, Lichtenberg S, Balashova EE, Lisitsa AV, Moskalev AA, Lokhov PG. Comparative Metabolomic Study of Drosophila Species with Different Lifespans. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312873. [PMID: 34884677 PMCID: PMC8657752 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase in life expectancy, leading to a rise in the proportion of older people, is accompanied by a prevalence of age-related disorders among the world population, the fight against which today is one of the leading biomedical challenges. Exploring the biological insights concerning the lifespan is one of the ways to provide a background for designing an effective treatment for the increase in healthy years of life. Untargeted direct injection mass spectrometry-based metabolite profiling of 12 species of Drosophila with significant variations in natural lifespans was conducted in this research. A cross-comparison study of metabolomic profiles revealed lifespan signatures of flies. These signatures indicate that lifespan extension is associated with the upregulation of amino acids, phospholipids, and carbohydrate metabolism. Such information provides a metabolome-level view on longevity and may provide a molecular measure of organism age in age-related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry L. Maslov
- Analytical Branch, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Building 8, Pogodinskaya Street, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (O.P.T.); (S.L.); (E.E.B.); (A.V.L.); (P.G.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-499-246-6980
| | - Nadezhda V. Zemskaya
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Komi Science Center, Institute of Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (N.V.Z.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Oxana P. Trifonova
- Analytical Branch, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Building 8, Pogodinskaya Street, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (O.P.T.); (S.L.); (E.E.B.); (A.V.L.); (P.G.L.)
| | - Steven Lichtenberg
- Analytical Branch, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Building 8, Pogodinskaya Street, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (O.P.T.); (S.L.); (E.E.B.); (A.V.L.); (P.G.L.)
- Metabometrics Inc., 651 N Broad Street, Suite 205 #1370, Middletown, DE 19709, USA
| | - Elena E. Balashova
- Analytical Branch, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Building 8, Pogodinskaya Street, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (O.P.T.); (S.L.); (E.E.B.); (A.V.L.); (P.G.L.)
| | - Andrey V. Lisitsa
- Analytical Branch, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Building 8, Pogodinskaya Street, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (O.P.T.); (S.L.); (E.E.B.); (A.V.L.); (P.G.L.)
| | - Alexey A. Moskalev
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Komi Science Center, Institute of Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (N.V.Z.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Petr G. Lokhov
- Analytical Branch, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Building 8, Pogodinskaya Street, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (O.P.T.); (S.L.); (E.E.B.); (A.V.L.); (P.G.L.)
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24
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Doma K, Singh U, Boullosa D, Connor JD. The effect of branched-chain amino acid on muscle damage markers and performance following strenuous exercise: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2021; 46:1303-1313. [PMID: 34612716 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2021-0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis determined whether the ergogenic effects of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) ameliorated markers of muscle damage and performance following strenuous exercise. In total, 25 studies were included, consisting of 479 participants (age 24.3 ± 8.3 years, height 1.73 ± 0.06 m, body mass 70.8 ± 9.5 kg, females 26.3%). These studies were rated as fair to excellent following the PEDro scale. The outcome measures were compared between the BCAA and placebo conditions at 24 and 48 hours following muscle-damaging exercises, using standardised mean differences and associated p-values via forest plots. Our meta-analysis demonstrated significantly lower levels of indirect muscle damage markers (creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase and myoglobin) at 48 hours post-exercise (standardised mean difference [SMD] = -0.41; p < 0.05) for the BCAA than placebo conditions, whilst muscle soreness was significant at 24 hours post-exercise (SMD = -0.28 ≤ d ≤ -0.61; p < 0.05) and 48 hours post-exercise (SMD = -0.41 ≤ d≤ -0.92; p < 0.01). However, no significant differences were identified between the BCAA and placebo conditions for muscle performance at 24 or 48 hours post-exercise (SMD = 0.08 ≤ d ≤ 0.21; p > 0.05). Overall, BCAA reduced the level of muscle damage biomarkers and muscle soreness following muscle-damaging exercises. However, the potential benefits of BCAA for muscle performance recovery is questionable and warrants further investigation to determine the practicality of BCAA for ameliorating muscle damage symptoms in diverse populations. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020191248. Novelty: BCAA reduces the level of creatine kinase and muscle soreness following strenuous exercise with a dose-response relationship. BCAA does not accelerate recovery for muscle performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Doma
- College of Healthcare Sciences, Sports and Exercise Science, James Cook University, Douglas, Queensland, Australia
| | - Utkarsh Singh
- Sports Dynamix Private Limited, Chennai, Nadu, India
| | - Daniel Boullosa
- College of Healthcare Sciences, Sports and Exercise Science, James Cook University, Douglas, Queensland, Australia.,INISA, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jonathan Douglas Connor
- College of Healthcare Sciences, Sports and Exercise Science, James Cook University, Douglas, Queensland, Australia
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25
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Gorospe CM, Jemiseye OT, Lee SK. Leucine supplementation mimics the effects of caloric restriction on yeast chronological lifespan. Mol Cell Toxicol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-021-00166-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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26
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Imasawa T, Claverol S, Lacombe D, Amoedo ND, Rossignol R. Proteomic Study of Low-Birth-Weight Nephropathy in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10294. [PMID: 34638634 PMCID: PMC8508940 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The hyperfiltration theory has been used to explain the mechanism of low birth weight (LBW)-related nephropathy. However, the molecular changes in the kidney proteome have not been defined in this disease, and early biomarkers are lacking. We investigated the molecular pathogenesis of LBW rats obtained by intraperitoneal injection of dexamethasone into pregnant animals. Normal-birth-weight (NBW) rats were used as controls. When the rats were four weeks old, the left kidneys were removed and used for comprehensive label-free proteomic studies. Following uninephrectomy, all rats were fed a high-salt diet until 9 weeks of age. Differences in the molecular composition of the kidney cortex were observed at the early step of LBW nephropathy pathogenesis. Untargeted quantitative proteomics showed that proteins involved in energy metabolism, such as oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), the TCA cycle, and glycolysis, were specifically downregulated in the kidneys of LBW rats at four weeks. No pathological changes were detected at this early stage. Pathway analysis identified NEFL2 (NRF2) and RICTOR as potential upstream regulators. The search for biomarkers identified components of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, namely, ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase complex subunits (UQCR7/11) and ATP5I/L, two components of mitochondrial F1FO-ATP synthase. These findings were further validated by immunohistology. At later stages of the disease process, the right kidneys revealed an increased frequency of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis lesions, interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy. Our findings revealed proteome changes in LBW rat kidneys and revealed a strong downregulation of specific mitochondrial respiratory chain proteins, such as UQCR7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Imasawa
- Kidney Center, National Hospital Organization Chiba-Higashi National Hospital, Chiba 260-8712, Japan
- Rare Diseases, Genetics and Metabolism, University of Bordeaux, INSERM U1211, 33000 Bordeaux, France;
- Department of Biology and Medical Sciences, University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France;
| | - Stéphane Claverol
- Department of Biology and Medical Sciences, University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France;
- Functional Genomics Center, Proteomics Department, University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Didier Lacombe
- Rare Diseases, Genetics and Metabolism, University of Bordeaux, INSERM U1211, 33000 Bordeaux, France;
- Department of Biology and Medical Sciences, University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France;
| | | | - Rodrigue Rossignol
- Rare Diseases, Genetics and Metabolism, University of Bordeaux, INSERM U1211, 33000 Bordeaux, France;
- Department of Biology and Medical Sciences, University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France;
- CELLOMET, CHU Pellegrin, 33300 Bordeaux, France;
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27
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Liu P, Li Y, Ma L. Caloric Restriction May Help Delay the Onset of Frailty and Support Frailty Management. Front Nutr 2021; 8:731356. [PMID: 34552957 PMCID: PMC8450361 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.731356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Frailty is an age-related clinical syndrome that may increase the risk of falls, disability, hospitalization, and death in older adults. Delaying the progression of frailty helps improve the quality of life in older adults. Caloric restriction (CR) may extend lifespan and reduce the risk of age-related diseases. However, few studies have explored the relationship between CR and frailty. In this review, we focused on the impact of CR on frailty and aimed to identify potential associated mechanisms. Although CR may help prevent frailty, further studies are required to determine the underlying mechanisms and specific CR regimens suitable for use in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Ma
- Department of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Medicine, Beijing, China
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28
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Supruniuk E, Żebrowska E, Chabowski A. Branched chain amino acids-friend or foe in the control of energy substrate turnover and insulin sensitivity? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:2559-2597. [PMID: 34542351 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1977910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Branched chain amino acids (BCAA) and their derivatives are bioactive molecules with pleiotropic functions in the human body. Elevated fasting blood BCAA concentrations are considered as a metabolic hallmark of obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. However, since increased BCAA amount is observed both in metabolically healthy and obese subjects, a question whether BCAA are mechanistic drivers of insulin resistance and its morbidities or only markers of metabolic dysregulation, still remains open. The beneficial effects of BCAA on body weight and composition, aerobic capacity, insulin secretion and sensitivity demand high catabolic potential toward amino acids and/or adequate BCAA intake. On the opposite, BCAA-related inhibition of lipogenesis and lipolysis enhancement may preclude impairment in insulin sensitivity. Thereby, the following review addresses various strategies pertaining to the modulation of BCAA catabolism and the possible roles of BCAA in energy homeostasis. We also aim to elucidate mechanisms behind the heterogeneity of ramifications associated with BCAA modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Supruniuk
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Żebrowska
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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29
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Tian Q, Corkum AE, Moaddel R, Ferrucci L. Metabolomic profiles of being physically active and less sedentary: a critical review. Metabolomics 2021; 17:68. [PMID: 34245373 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-021-01818-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Being physically active has multiple salutary effects on human health, likely mediated by changes in energy metabolism. Recent reviews have summarized metabolomic responses to acute exercise. However, metabolomic profiles of individuals who exercise regularly are heterogeneous. AIM OF REVIEW We conducted a systematic review to identify metabolites associated with physical activity (PA), fitness, and sedentary time in community-dwelling adults and discussed involved pathways. Twenty-two studies were eligible because they (1) focused on community-dwelling adults from observational studies; (2) assessed PA, fitness, and/or sedentary time, (3) assessed metabolomics in biofluid, and (4) reported on relationships of metabolomics with PA, fitness, and/or sedentary time. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW Several metabolic pathways were associated with higher PA and fitness and less sedentary time, including tricarboxylic acid cycle, glycolysis, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, urea cycle, arginine biosynthesis, branch-chain amino acids, and estrogen metabolism. Lipids were strongly associated with PA. Cholesterol low-density lipoproteins and triglycerides were lower with higher PA, while cholesterol high-density lipoproteins were higher. Metabolomic profiles of being physically active and less sedentary indicate active skeletal muscle biosynthesis supported by enhanced oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis and associated with profound changes in lipid and estrogen metabolism. Future longitudinal studies are needed to understand whether these metabolomic changes account for health benefits associated with PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qu Tian
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute On Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute On Aging, 251 Bayview Blvd., Suite 100, Rm 04B316, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
| | - Abigail E Corkum
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute On Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
- School of Population Health, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ruin Moaddel
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute On Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute On Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
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30
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Preston G, Emmerzaal T, Radenkovic S, Lanza IR, Oglesbee D, Morava E, Kozicz T. Cerebellar and multi-system metabolic reprogramming associated with trauma exposure and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)-like behavior in mice. Neurobiol Stress 2021; 14:100300. [PMID: 33604421 PMCID: PMC7872981 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial metabolism is increasingly implicated in psychopathologies and mood disorders, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We recently reported that mice exposed to a novel paradigm for the induction of PTSD-like behavior displayed reduced mitochondrial electron transport chain (mtETC) complex activity as well as decreased multi-system fatty acid oxidation (FAO) flux. Based on these results, we hypothesized that stressed and PTSD-like animals would display evidence of metabolic reprogramming in both cerebellum and plasma consistent with increased energetic demand, mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming, and increased oxidative stress. We performed targeted metabolomics in both cerebellar tissue and plasma, as well as untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in the cerebellum of 6 PTSD-like and 7 resilient male mice as well as 7 trauma-naïve controls. We identified numerous differences in amino acids and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolite concentrations in the cerebellum and plasma consistent with altered mitochondrial energy metabolism in trauma exposed and PTSD-like animals. Pathway analysis identified metabolic pathways with significant metabolic pathway shifts associated with trauma exposure, including the tricarboxylic acid cycle, pyruvate, and branched-chain amino acid metabolism in both cerebellar tissue and plasma. Altered glutamine and glutamate metabolism, and arginine biosynthesis was evident uniquely in cerebellar tissue, while ketone body levels were modified in plasma. Importantly, we also identified several cerebellar metabolites (e.g. choline, adenosine diphosphate, beta-alanine, taurine, and myo-inositol) that were sufficient to discriminate PTSD-like from resilient animals. This multilevel analysis provides a comprehensive understanding of local and systemic metabolite fingerprints associated with PTSD-like behavior, and subsequently altered brain bioenergetics. Notably, several transformed metabolic pathways observed in the cerebellum were also reflected in plasma, connecting central and peripheral biosignatures of PTSD-like behavior. These preliminary findings could direct further mechanistic studies and offer insights into potential metabolic interventions, either pharmacological or dietary, to improve PTSD resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme Preston
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Hayward Genetics Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Tim Emmerzaal
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Radboudumc, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Silvia Radenkovic
- Metabolomic Expertise Center, CCB, VIB- KU Leuven, Oude Markt 13, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Hepatology, Department of CHROMETA, KU Leuven, Oude Markt 13, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ian R. Lanza
- Division of Endocrinology, 200 1st St SW, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Devin Oglesbee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Eva Morava
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Hayward Genetics Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Tamas Kozicz
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Hayward Genetics Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
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Yang C, Liao AM, Cui Y, Yu G, Hou Y, Pan L, Chen W, Zheng S, Li X, Ma J, He J, Huang J. Wheat embryo globulin protects against acute alcohol-induced liver injury in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 153:112240. [PMID: 33932521 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Wheat Embryo Globulin (WEG) is a high-quality plant-derived protein with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunity enhancement effects. WEG was prepared and characterized using free amino acid analysis, circular dichroism (CD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The liver protection effect of WEG on mice after acute alcohol stimulation was also investigated. Male KM mice were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10). Animals were orally administrated with WEG (60 mg/kg), silymarin (50 mg/kg), and the same volume of saline solution daily for 30 days, before administering an alcohol-intragastric injection. Results displayed that the liver index, the levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), serum triglyceride (TG), liver malondialdehyde (MDA) and the mRNA expression of CYP2E1were significantly decreased in WEG-treated mice compared with the model group. Meanwhile, the levels of serum high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), hepatic reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the mRNA expression of ADH2 and ALDH2 were remarkably increased. Effect of WEG on histopathology of liver tissue confirmed its protective function. Meanwhile, GSH level of ileal was significantly increased, MDA was remarkably decreased in WEG-treated mice, which also indicated that WEG possessed a positive effect on intestinal micro ecological environment health to some extent. In conclusion, WEG is a promising agent for the prevention of acute alcoholic liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canrui Yang
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Ai-Mei Liao
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China; Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Processing and Nutritional Function of Wheat, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
| | - Yixiang Cui
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Guanghai Yu
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China; Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Processing and Nutritional Function of Wheat, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Yinchen Hou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat & Corn Further Processing, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China; College of Food and Biological Engineering, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, 450044, PR China
| | - Long Pan
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China; Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Processing and Nutritional Function of Wheat, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Wenjing Chen
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Shuainan Zheng
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Jiarui Ma
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Jiangying He
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Jihong Huang
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China; Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Processing and Nutritional Function of Wheat, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China; Henan Cooperativity Medical Science and Technology Research Institute Co., LTD, Luoyang, 471000, PR China.
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Grootswagers P, Smeets E, Oteng AB, Groot LD. A novel oral nutritional supplement improves gait speed and mitochondrial functioning compared to standard care in older adults with (or at risk of) undernutrition: results from a randomized controlled trial. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:9398-9418. [PMID: 33799307 PMCID: PMC8064187 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Undernutrition in older adults is mainly addressed by oral nutritional supplements, which do not affect physical functioning. In this study, we tested a novel oral nutritional supplement that included whey and casein protein, ursolic acid, free branch-chained amino acids and vitamin D against a standard supplement. We included older adults (>65y) with (or at risk of) undernutrition (n=82) and randomized them to 12 weeks of novel or standard supplement. Both groups showed significant increases in body mass. No within or between-group differences in lean body mass were observed. Fat mass increased significantly more in the standard than the novel supplement group (time*treatment effect P=0.045). The novel supplement group showed a larger improvement in walking performance on distances of 4m (treatment x time interaction P=0.048) and 400m (treatment x time interaction P=0.038) than the standard treatment group. Gene sets related to mitochondrial functioning and oxidative phosphorylation were upregulated in the novel supplement group and downregulated in the standard supplement group. We conclude that a 12-week intervention with the novel supplement improved walking performance both during short and long distance as compared to a standard supplement, which can largely be explained by increased mitochondrial functioning in the group receiving the novel supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pol Grootswagers
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen Smeets
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Antwi-Boasiako Oteng
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lisette de Groot
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Sheng L, Jena PK, Hu Y, Wan YJY. Age-specific microbiota in altering host inflammatory and metabolic signaling as well as metabolome based on the sex. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 2021; 10:31-48. [PMID: 33575288 DOI: 10.21037/hbsn-20-671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Metabolism is sex-different, and the direct link between gut microbiota and aging-associated metabolic changes needs to be established in both sexes. Methods Gene expression, metabolic and inflammatory signaling, gut microbiota profile, and metabolome were studied during aging and after fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in mice of both sexes. Results Our data revealed young female mice and aged male mice were the most insulin sensitive and resistant group, respectively. In addition, aging reduced sex difference in insulin sensitivity. Such age- and sex-dependent metabolic phenotypes were accompanied by shifted gut microbiota profile and altered abundance of bacterial genes that produce butyrate, propionate, and bile acids. After receiving feces from the aged males (AFMT), the most insulin-resistant group, recipients of both sexes had increased hepatic inflammation and serum endotoxin. However, AFMT only increased insulin resistance in female mice and abolished sex difference in insulin sensitivity. Additionally, such changes were accompanied by narrowed sex difference in metabolome. Metabolomics data revealed that age-associated insulin resistance in males was accompanied by increased sugar alcohols and dicarboxylic acids as well as reduced aromatic and branched-chain amino acids. Further, receiving feces from the young females (YFMT), the most insulin-sensitive group, reduced body weight and fasting blood glucose in male recipients and improved insulin sensitivity in females, leading to enhanced sex differences in insulin sensitivity and metabolome. Conclusions Aging systemically affected inflammatory and metabolic signaling based on the sex. Gut microbiome is age and sex-specific, which affects inflammation and metabolism in a sex-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Sheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Davis Health, University of California, Sacramento, CA, USA.,Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Prasant Kumar Jena
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Davis Health, University of California, Sacramento, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ying Hu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Davis Health, University of California, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Yu-Jui Yvonne Wan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Davis Health, University of California, Sacramento, CA, USA
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5q35 duplication presents with psychiatric and undergrowth phenotypes mediated by NSD1 overexpression and mTOR signaling downregulation. Hum Genet 2021; 140:681-690. [PMID: 33389145 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-020-02240-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Nuclear receptor binding SET domain protein 1, NSD1, encodes a histone methyltransferase H3K36. NSD1 is responsible for the phenotype of the reciprocal 5q35.2q35.3 microdeletion-microduplication syndromes. We expand the phenotype and demonstrate the functional role of NSD1 in microduplication 5q35 syndrome. METHODS Through an international collaboration, we report nine new patients, contributing to the emerging phenotype, highlighting psychiatric phenotypes in older affected individuals. Focusing specifically on the undergrowth phenotype, we have modeled the effects of Mes-4/NSD overexpression in Drosophila melanogaster. RESULTS The individuals (including a family) from diverse backgrounds with duplications ranging in size from 0.6 to 4.5 Mb, have a consistent undergrowth phenotype. Mes-4 overexpression in the developing wing causes undergrowth, increased H3K36 methylation, and increased apoptosis. We demonstrate that altering the levels of insulin receptor (IR) rescues the apoptosis and the wing undergrowth phenotype, suggesting changes in mTOR pathway signaling. Leucine supplementation rescued Mes-4/NSD induced cell death, demonstrating decreased mTOR signaling caused by NSD1. CONCLUSION Given that we show mTOR inhibition as a likely mechanism and amelioration of the phenotype by leucine supplementation in a fly model, we suggest further studies should evaluate the therapeutic potential of leucine or branched chain amino acids as an adjunct possible treatment to ameliorate human growth and psychiatric phenotypes and propose inclusion of 5q35-microduplication as part of the differential diagnosis for children and adults with delayed bone age, short stature, microcephaly, developmental delay, and psychiatric phenotypes.
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Sun Y, Shi Y, Liu G, Yao F, Zhang Y, Yang C, Guo H, Liu X, Jin C, Luo J. Natural variation in the OsbZIP18 promoter contributes to branched-chain amino acid levels in rice. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 228:1548-1558. [PMID: 32654152 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are essential amino acids that must be obtained from the diet for humans and animals, and they play important roles in various aspects of plant growth and development. Although BCAA biosynthetic pathways in higher plants have been uncovered, knowledge of their genetic control is still limited, and no positive regulators have been identified to date. Here, we showed that variation in BCAA levels in rice is attributable to differential transcription of OsbZIP18, a basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor, due to polymorphisms in its promoter. Functional analysis revealed that OsbZIP18 positively regulates BCAA synthesis by binding directly to the ACE and C-box cis-elements in the promoters of the biosynthetic genes branched-chain aminotransferase1 (OsBCAT1) and OsBCAT2. We further demonstrated that OsbZIP18 is strongly induced by nitrogen (N) deficiency and that N starvation results in enhanced BCAA levels in an OsbZIP18-dependent manner. Overall, we identified OsbZIP18, a positive regulator of BCAA biosynthesis, which contributed to natural variation in BCAA levels and mediated BCAA accumulation through de novo synthesis by directly modulating the key biosynthetic genes OsBCAT1 and OsBCAT2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yuheng Shi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Guige Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Fang Yao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570288, China
| | - Chenkun Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hao Guo
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570288, China
| | - Xianqing Liu
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570288, China
| | - Cheng Jin
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570288, China
| | - Jie Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570288, China
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Targeting metabolic pathways for extension of lifespan and healthspan across multiple species. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 64:101188. [PMID: 33031925 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Metabolism plays a significant role in the regulation of aging at different levels, and metabolic reprogramming represents a major driving force in aging. Metabolic reprogramming leads to impaired organismal fitness, an age-dependent increase in susceptibility to diseases, decreased ability to mount a stress response, and increased frailty. The complexity of age-dependent metabolic reprogramming comes from the multitude of levels on which metabolic changes can be connected to aging and regulation of lifespan. This is further complicated by the different metabolic requirements of various tissues, cross-organ communication via metabolite secretion, and direct effects of metabolites on epigenetic state and redox regulation; however, not all of these changes are causative to aging. Studies in yeast, flies, worms, and mice have played a crucial role in identifying mechanistic links between observed changes in various metabolic traits and their effects on lifespan. Here, we review how changes in the organismal and organ-specific metabolome are associated with aging and how targeting of any one of over a hundred different targets in specific metabolic pathways can extend lifespan. An important corollary is that restriction or supplementation of different metabolites can change activity of these metabolic pathways in ways that improve healthspan and extend lifespan in different organisms. Due to the high levels of conservation of metabolism in general, translating findings from model systems to human beings will allow for the development of effective strategies for human health- and lifespan extension.
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Tulipano G. Role of Bioactive Peptide Sequences in the Potential Impact of Dairy Protein Intake on Metabolic Health. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8881. [PMID: 33238654 PMCID: PMC7700308 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
For years, there has been an increasing move towards elucidating the complexities of how food can interplay with the signalling networks underlying energy homeostasis and glycaemic control. Dairy foods can be regarded as the greatest source of proteins and peptides with various health benefits and are a well-recognized source of bioactive compounds. A number of dairy protein-derived peptide sequences with the ability to modulate functions related to the control of food intake, body weight gain and glucose homeostasis have been isolated and characterized. Their being active in vivo may be questionable mainly due to expected low bioavailability after ingestion, and hence their real contribution to the metabolic impact of dairy protein intake needs to be discussed. Some reports suggest that the differential effects of dairy proteins-in particular whey proteins-on mechanisms underlying energy balance and glucose-homeostasis may be attributed to their unique amino acid composition and hence the release of free amino acid mixtures enriched in essential amino acids (i.e., branched-chain-amino acids) upon digestion. Actually, the research reports reviewed in this article suggest that, among a number of dairy protein-derived peptides isolated and characterized as bioactive compounds in vitro, some peptides can be active in vivo post-oral administration through a local action in the gut, or, alternatively, a systemic action on specific molecular targets after entering the systemic circulation. Moreover, these studies highlight the importance of the enteroendocrine system in the cross talk between food proteins and the neuroendocrine network regulating energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Tulipano
- Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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38
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Gamboa JL, Deger SM, Perkins BW, Mambungu C, Sha F, Mason OJ, Stewart TG, Ikizler TA. Effects of long-term intradialytic oral nutrition and exercise on muscle protein homeostasis and markers of mitochondrial content in patients on hemodialysis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 319:F885-F894. [PMID: 32985237 PMCID: PMC7789984 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00026.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with end-stage kidney disease on maintenance hemodialysis commonly develop protein-energy wasting, a syndrome characterized by nutritional and metabolic abnormalities. Nutritional supplementation and exercise are recommended to prevent protein-energy wasting. In a 6-mo prospective randomized, open-label, clinical trial, we reported that the combination of resistance exercise and nutritional supplementation does not have an additive effect on lean body mass measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. To provide more mechanistic data, we performed a secondary analysis where we hypothesized that the combination of nutritional supplementation and resistance exercise would have additive effects on muscle protein accretion by stable isotope protein kinetic experiments, muscle mass by MRI, and mitochondrial content markers in muscle. We found that 6 mo of nutritional supplementation during hemodialysis increased muscle protein net balance [baseline: 2.5 (-17.8, 13.0) µg·100 mL-1·min-1 vs. 6 mo: 43.7 (13.0, 98.5) µg·100 mL-1·min-1, median (interquartile range), P = 0.04] and mid-thigh fat area [baseline: 162.3 (104.7, 226.6) cm2 vs. 6 mo: 181.9 (126.3, 279.2) cm2, median (interquartile range), P = 0.04]. Three months of nutritional supplementation also increased markers of mitochondrial content in muscle. Although the study is underpowered to detected differences, the combination of nutritional supplementation and exercise failed to show further benefit in protein accretion or muscle cross-sectional area. We conclude that long-term nutritional supplementation increases the skeletal muscle anabolic effect, the fat cross-sectional area of the thigh, and markers of mitochondrial content in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge L Gamboa
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Bradley W Perkins
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Cindy Mambungu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Feng Sha
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Olivia J Mason
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Thomas G Stewart
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - T Alp Ikizler
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Nashville, Tennessee
- Veterans Administration Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
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Mor DE, Sohrabi S, Kaletsky R, Keyes W, Tartici A, Kalia V, Miller GW, Murphy CT. Metformin rescues Parkinson's disease phenotypes caused by hyperactive mitochondria. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:26438-26447. [PMID: 33024014 PMCID: PMC7585014 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2009838117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction occurs in many age-related neurodegenerative diseases, yet its role in disease etiology remains poorly understood. We recently discovered a potential causal link between the branched-chain amino acid transferase BCAT-1 and the neurodegenerative movement disorder Parkinson's disease (PD). RNAi-mediated knockdown of Caenorhabditis elegans bcat-1 is known to recapitulate PD-like features, including progressive motor deficits and neurodegeneration with age, yet the underlying mechanisms have remained unknown. Using transcriptomic, metabolomic, and imaging approaches, we show here that bcat-1 knockdown increases mitochondrial respiration and induces oxidative damage in neurons through mammalian target of rapamycin-independent mechanisms. Increased mitochondrial respiration, or "mitochondrial hyperactivity," is required for bcat-1(RNAi) neurotoxicity. Moreover, we show that post-disease-onset administration of the type 2 diabetes medication metformin reduces mitochondrial respiration to control levels and significantly improves both motor function and neuronal viability. Taken together, our findings suggest that mitochondrial hyperactivity may be an early event in the pathogenesis of PD, and that strategies aimed at reducing mitochondrial respiration may constitute a surprising new avenue for PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle E Mor
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Salman Sohrabi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Rachel Kaletsky
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - William Keyes
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Alp Tartici
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Vrinda Kalia
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Gary W Miller
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Coleen T Murphy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544;
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
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Donatti A, Canto AM, Godoi AB, da Rosa DC, Lopes-Cendes I. Circulating Metabolites as Potential Biomarkers for Neurological Disorders-Metabolites in Neurological Disorders. Metabolites 2020; 10:E389. [PMID: 33003305 PMCID: PMC7601919 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10100389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There are, still, limitations to predicting the occurrence and prognosis of neurological disorders. Biomarkers are molecules that can change in different conditions, a feature that makes them potential tools to improve the diagnosis of disease, establish a prognosis, and monitor treatments. Metabolites can be used as biomarkers, and are small molecules derived from the metabolic process found in different biological media, such as tissue samples, cells, or biofluids. They can be identified using various strategies, targeted or untargeted experiments, and by different techniques, such as high-performance liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, or nuclear magnetic resonance. In this review, we aim to discuss the current knowledge about metabolites as biomarkers for neurological disorders. We will present recent developments that show the need and the feasibility of identifying such biomarkers in different neurological disorders, as well as discuss relevant research findings in the field of metabolomics that are helping to unravel the mechanisms underlying neurological disorders. Although several relevant results have been reported in metabolomic studies in patients with neurological diseases, there is still a long way to go for the clinical use of metabolites as potential biomarkers in these disorders, and more research in the field is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Donatti
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126 Cidade Universitária “Zeferino Vaz”, Campinas SP 13083-887, Brazil; (A.D.); (A.M.C.); (A.B.G.); (D.C.d.R.)
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas SP 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Amanda M. Canto
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126 Cidade Universitária “Zeferino Vaz”, Campinas SP 13083-887, Brazil; (A.D.); (A.M.C.); (A.B.G.); (D.C.d.R.)
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas SP 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Alexandre B. Godoi
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126 Cidade Universitária “Zeferino Vaz”, Campinas SP 13083-887, Brazil; (A.D.); (A.M.C.); (A.B.G.); (D.C.d.R.)
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas SP 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Douglas C. da Rosa
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126 Cidade Universitária “Zeferino Vaz”, Campinas SP 13083-887, Brazil; (A.D.); (A.M.C.); (A.B.G.); (D.C.d.R.)
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas SP 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Iscia Lopes-Cendes
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126 Cidade Universitária “Zeferino Vaz”, Campinas SP 13083-887, Brazil; (A.D.); (A.M.C.); (A.B.G.); (D.C.d.R.)
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas SP 13083-887, Brazil
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Submergence response of pyruvate decarboxylase family genes in adzuki bean. Biologia (Bratisl) 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-020-00421-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Brunetti D, Bottani E, Segala A, Marchet S, Rossi F, Orlando F, Malavolta M, Carruba MO, Lamperti C, Provinciali M, Nisoli E, Valerio A. Targeting Multiple Mitochondrial Processes by a Metabolic Modulator Prevents Sarcopenia and Cognitive Decline in SAMP8 Mice. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1171. [PMID: 32848778 PMCID: PMC7411305 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The age-dependent declines of skeletal muscle and cognitive functions often coexist in elderly subjects. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms share common features of mitochondrial dysfunction, which plays a central role in the development of overt sarcopenia and/or dementia. Dietary supplementation with formulations of essential and branched-chain amino acids (EAA-BCAA) is a promising preventive strategy because it can preserve mitochondrial biogenesis and function. The senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) is considered an accurate model of age-related muscular and cognitive alterations. Hence, we aimed to investigate the progression of mitochondrial dysfunctions during muscular and cognitive aging of SAMP8 mice and to study the effects of a novel EAA-BCAA-based metabolic modulator on these changes. We evaluated body condition, motor endurance, and working memory of SAMP8 mice at 5, 9, 12, and 15 months of age. Parallel changes in protein levels of mitochondrial respiratory chain subunits, regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics, and the antioxidant response, as well as respiratory complex activities, were measured in the quadriceps femoris and the hippocampus. The same variables were assessed in 12-month-old SAMP8 mice that had received dietary supplementation with the novel EAA-BCAA formulation, containing tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates and co-factors (PD-0E7, 1.5 mg/kg/body weight/day in drinking water) for 3 months. Contrary to untreated mice, which had a significant molecular and phenotypic impairment, PD-0E7-treated mice showed preserved healthy body condition, muscle weight to body weight ratio, motor endurance, and working memory at 12 months of age. The PD-0E7 mixture increased the protein levels and the enzymatic activities of mitochondrial complex I, II, and IV and the expression of proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α, optic atrophy protein 1, and nuclear factor, erythroid 2 like 2 in muscles and hippocampi. The mitochondrial amyloid-β-degrading pitrilysin metallopeptidase 1 was upregulated, while amyloid precursor protein was reduced in the hippocampi of PD-0E7 treated mice. In conclusion, we show that a dietary supplement tailored to boost mitochondrial respiration preserves skeletal muscle and hippocampal mitochondrial quality control and health. When administered at the early onset of age-related physical and cognitive decline, this novel metabolic inducer counteracts the deleterious effects of precocious aging in both domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Brunetti
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Bottani
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Agnese Segala
- Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Marchet
- Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Rossi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Fiorenza Orlando
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Scientific Technological Area, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marco Malavolta
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Scientific Technological Area, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Michele O Carruba
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Center for Study and Research on Obesity, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Costanza Lamperti
- Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Provinciali
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Scientific Technological Area, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Enzo Nisoli
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Center for Study and Research on Obesity, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Valerio
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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Complete neural stem cell (NSC) neuronal differentiation requires a branched chain amino acids-induced persistent metabolic shift towards energy metabolism. Pharmacol Res 2020; 158:104863. [PMID: 32407957 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cell (NSC) neuronal differentiation requires a metabolic shift towards oxidative phosphorylation. We now show that a branched-chain amino acids-driven, persistent metabolic shift toward energy metabolism is required for full neuronal maturation. We increased energy metabolism of differentiating neurons derived both from murine NSCs and human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by supplementing the cell culture medium with a mixture composed of branched-chain amino acids, essential amino acids, TCA cycle precursors and co-factors. We found that treated differentiating neuronal cells with enhanced energy metabolism increased: i) total dendritic length; ii) the mean number of branches and iii) the number and maturation of the dendritic spines. Furthermore, neuronal spines in treated neurons appeared more stable with stubby and mushroom phenotype and with increased expression of molecules involved in synapse formation. Treated neurons modified their mitochondrial dynamics increasing the mitochondrial fusion and, consistently with the increase of cellular ATP content, they activated cellular mTORC1 dependent p70S6 K1 anabolism. Global transcriptomic analysis further revealed that treated neurons induce Nrf2 mediated gene expression. This was correlated with a functional increase in the Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) scavenging mechanisms. In conclusion, persistent branched-chain amino acids-driven metabolic shift toward energy metabolism enhanced neuronal differentiation and antioxidant defences. These findings offer new opportunities to pharmacologically modulate NSC neuronal differentiation and to develop effective strategies for treating neurodegenerative diseases.
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Foraging strategy of a carnivorous-insectivorous raptor species based on prey size, capturability and nutritional components. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7583. [PMID: 32372048 PMCID: PMC7200729 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64504-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimal foraging theory has typically paid little attention to species feeding on mobile prey and has emphasised energy intake rather than the nutritional contribution of food. The difficulty of capturing food has rarely been included in foraging models, even when it is a potentially important modulator of time devoted to foraging. From the central place foraging and provisioning perspectives, it is posited that at high levels of prey selectivity, the time spent to capture prey is longer than at low levels of prey selectivity. Furthermore, in the case of carnivorous predators, it is thought that nutritional composition does not influence foraging strategies. To explore these issues, we investigated the influence of abundance, size, difficulty of capture, gross energy and nutritional composition (fat, protein, protein-fat ratio and amino acid contents) of prey species on the foraging behaviour of a predator species, the common kestrel Falco tinnunculus, in a region of high diversity of prey species. Our results show that capturability index and load-size explain the foraging behaviour of kestrels. Preferred prey take longer to be provisioned, both selectivity and capturability might explain this result. It is also shown that specific nutritional components, such as protein and amino acid contents, are likely to explain food preference in this carnivorous-insectivorous species.
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Proteomic Analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Response to Oxidative Stress Mediated by Cocoa Polyphenols Extract. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030452. [PMID: 31973232 PMCID: PMC7037337 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study addressed the protective effects against oxidative stress (OS) of a cocoa powder extract (CPEX) on the protein expression profile of S. cerevisiae. A proteomic analysis was performed after culture preincubation with CPEX either without stress (−OS) or under stress conditions (+OS) (5 mM of H2O2). LC-MS/MS identified 33 differentially expressed proteins (–OS: 14, +OS: 19) that were included By Gene Ontology analysis in biological processes: biosynthesis of amino acids, carbohydrate metabolism and reactive oxygen species metabolic process. In a gene-knockout strains study, eight proteins were identified as putative candidates for being involved in the protective mechanism of cocoa polyphenols against OS induced by H2O2. CPEX was able to exert its antioxidant activity in yeast mainly through the regulation of: (a) amino acids metabolism proteins by modulating the production of molecules with known antioxidant roles; (b) stress-responsive protein Yhb1, but we were unable to fully understand its down-regulation; (c) protein Prb1, which can act by clipping Histone H3 N-terminal tails that are related to cellular resistance to DNA damaging agents.
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46
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Tedesco L, Rossi F, Ragni M, Ruocco C, Brunetti D, Carruba MO, Torrente Y, Valerio A, Nisoli E. A Special Amino-Acid Formula Tailored to Boosting Cell Respiration Prevents Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress Caused by Doxorubicin in Mouse Cardiomyocytes. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020282. [PMID: 31973180 PMCID: PMC7071384 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthracycline anticancer drugs, such as doxorubicin (DOX), can induce cardiotoxicity supposed to be related to mitochondrial damage. We have recently demonstrated that a branched-chain amino acid (BCAA)-enriched mixture (BCAAem), supplemented with drinking water to middle-aged mice, was able to promote mitochondrial biogenesis in cardiac and skeletal muscle. To maximally favor and increase oxidative metabolism and mitochondrial function, here we tested a new original formula, composed of essential amino acids, tricarboxylic acid cycle precursors and co-factors (named α5), in HL-1 cardiomyocytes and mice treated with DOX. We measured mitochondrial biogenesis, oxidative stress, and BCAA catabolic pathway. Moreover, the molecular relevance of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) was studied in both cardiac tissue and HL-1 cardiomyocytes. Finally, the role of Krüppel-like factor 15 (KLF15), a critical transcriptional regulator of BCAA oxidation and eNOS-mTORC1 signal, was investigated. Our results demonstrate that the α5 mixture prevents the DOX-dependent mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress better than the previous BCAAem, implying a KLF15/eNOS/mTORC1 signaling axis. These results could be relevant for the prevention of cardiotoxicity in the DOX-treated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Tedesco
- Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Rossi
- Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ragni
- Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Ruocco
- Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Dario Brunetti
- Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Michele O. Carruba
- Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Yvan Torrente
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Centro Dino Ferrari, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Valerio
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.V.); (E.N.); Tel.: +39-030-3717504 (A.V.); +39-02-50316956 (E.N.); Fax: +39-030-3717529 (A.V.); +39-02-50317118 (E.N.)
| | - Enzo Nisoli
- Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.V.); (E.N.); Tel.: +39-030-3717504 (A.V.); +39-02-50316956 (E.N.); Fax: +39-030-3717529 (A.V.); +39-02-50317118 (E.N.)
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47
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Matos MPV, Jackson GP. Compound-Specific Isotope Analysis of Human Hair: Predicting Behaviors and Biometrics beyond Dietary Factors. Anal Chem 2020; 92:3014-3022. [PMID: 31955563 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mayara P. V. Matos
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Glen P. Jackson
- Department of Forensic and Investigative Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
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48
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Ye Z, Wang S, Zhang C, Zhao Y. Coordinated Modulation of Energy Metabolism and Inflammation by Branched-Chain Amino Acids and Fatty Acids. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:617. [PMID: 33013697 PMCID: PMC7506139 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
As important metabolic substrates, branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and fatty acids (FAs) participate in many significant physiological processes, such as mitochondrial biogenesis, energy metabolism, and inflammation, along with intermediate metabolites generated in their catabolism. The increased levels of BCAAs and fatty acids can lead to mitochondrial dysfunction by altering mitochondrial biogenesis and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and interfering with glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. BCAAs can directly activate the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway to induce insulin resistance, or function together with fatty acids. In addition, elevated levels of BCAAs and fatty acids can activate the canonical nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway and inflammasome and regulate mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic disorders through upregulated inflammatory signals. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the mechanisms through which BCAAs and fatty acids modulate energy metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and inflammation synergistically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhong Ye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Siyu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Research Units of Comprehensive Diagnosis and Treatment of Oocyte Maturation Arrest, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yue Zhao
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Yoon I, Nam M, Kim HK, Moon HS, Kim S, Jang J, Song JA, Jeong SJ, Kim SB, Cho S, Kim Y, Lee J, Yang WS, Yoo HC, Kim K, Kim MS, Yang A, Cho K, Park HS, Hwang GS, Hwang KY, Han JM, Kim JH, Kim S. Glucose-dependent control of leucine metabolism by leucyl-tRNA synthetase 1. Science 2019; 367:205-210. [PMID: 31780625 DOI: 10.1126/science.aau2753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite the importance of glucose and amino acids for energy metabolism, interactions between the two nutrients are not well understood. We provide evidence for a role of leucyl-tRNA synthetase 1 (LARS1) in glucose-dependent control of leucine usage. Upon glucose starvation, LARS1 was phosphorylated by Unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1 (ULK1) at the residues crucial for leucine binding. The phosphorylated LARS1 showed decreased leucine binding, which may inhibit protein synthesis and help save energy. Leucine that is not used for anabolic processes may be available for catabolic pathway energy generation. The LARS1-mediated changes in leucine utilization might help support cell survival under glucose deprivation. Thus, depending on glucose availability, LARS1 may help regulate whether leucine is used for protein synthesis or energy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Yoon
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Miso Nam
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul 03759, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoi Kyoung Kim
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Sun Moon
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmin Kim
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jayun Jang
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences and Graduate School for Convergence Technologies, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Ae Song
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences and Graduate School for Convergence Technologies, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jae Jeong
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Bum Kim
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongmin Cho
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences and Graduate School for Convergence Technologies, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - YounHa Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences and Graduate School for Convergence Technologies, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Lee
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Suk Yang
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Chan Yoo
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Kibum Kim
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea.,Department of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Sun Kim
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul 03759, Republic of Korea
| | - Aerin Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyukwang Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Sung Park
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Geum-Sook Hwang
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul 03759, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Yeon Hwang
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Han
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea.,Department of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyun Kim
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sunghoon Kim
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences and Graduate School for Convergence Technologies, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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50
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Corbianco S, Dini M, Bongioanni P, Carboncini MC, Cavallini G. Exercise training in ad libitum and food-restricted old rats: effects on metabolic and physiological parameters. Biogerontology 2019; 21:69-82. [PMID: 31641969 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-019-09844-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by a decline in the healthy function of multiple organs, leading to increased incidence and mortality from diseases such as cancer and inflammatory, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Dietary restriction is the most effective experimental intervention known to consistently slow the aging process and with positive effects on health span in different organisms, from invertebrates to mammals. Age is also associated with progressive decline in physical activity levels in a wide range of animal species: therefore, regular physical exercise could represent a safe intervention to antagonize aging. In this research we explore the effects of exercise training initiated in late middle aged rats fed with different lifelong dietary regimens: one group was fed ad libitum and the second group was subjected to every-other-day fasting. These two groups might represent examples of "normal" aging and "successful" aging. The study shows the effects of exercise and food restriction and their interaction on plasma levels of total antioxidant capacity, lactate, amino acids, and on products of protein oxidation in soleus and tibialis anterior muscles. In addition, we evaluated body composition measurement by bioelectrical impedance analysis and muscle strength by grasping test. Results show that late-onset exercise training has the potential to improve some metabolic and physiological parameters in rats with the same "chronological age" but different "biological age", without negative effects, and highlight the relevance of a personalised and selected exercise protocol, since the responsiveness to exercise may depend on the individual's "biological age".
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Corbianco
- Interdepartmental Research Centre on Biology and Pathology of Aging, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126, Pisa, Italy.,Human Movement and Rehabilitation Research Laboratory, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Dini
- Interdepartmental Research Centre on Biology and Pathology of Aging, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126, Pisa, Italy.,Human Movement and Rehabilitation Research Laboratory, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Bongioanni
- Interdepartmental Research Centre on Biology and Pathology of Aging, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126, Pisa, Italy.,Severe Acquired Brain Injuries Dpt Section, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Carboncini
- Interdepartmental Research Centre on Biology and Pathology of Aging, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126, Pisa, Italy.,Severe Acquired Brain Injuries Dpt Section, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriella Cavallini
- Interdepartmental Research Centre on Biology and Pathology of Aging, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
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