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Wang D, Chen Y, Li J, Wu E, Tang T, Singla RK, Shen B, Zhang M. Natural products for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 130:155522. [PMID: 38820665 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a chronic retinal disease that significantly influences the vision of the elderly. PURPOSE There is no effective treatment and prevention method. The pathogenic process behind AMD is complex, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and neovascularization. It has been demonstrated that several natural products can be used to manage AMD, but systematic summaries are lacking. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched using the keywords "Biological Products" AND "Macular Degeneration" for studies published within the last decade until May 2023 to summarize the latest findings on the prevention and treatment of age-related macular degeneration through the herbal medicines and functional foods. RESULTS The eligible studies were screened, and the relevant information about the therapeutic action and mechanism of natural products used to treat AMD was extracted. Our findings demonstrate that natural substances, including retinol, phenols, and other natural products, prevent the development of new blood vessels and protect the retina from oxidative stress in cells and animal models. However, they have barely been examined in clinical studies. CONCLUSION Natural products could be highly prospective candidate drugs used to treat AMD, and further preclinical and clinical research is required to validate it to control the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyue Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jiakun Li
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Joint Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence for Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Erman Wu
- Joint Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence for Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Tong Tang
- Joint Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence for Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Rajeev K Singla
- Joint Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence for Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab-144411, India.
| | - Bairong Shen
- Joint Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence for Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China.
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China.
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Kumar Nelson V, Jha NK, Nuli MV, Gupta S, Kanna S, Gahtani RM, Hani U, Singh AK, Abomughaid MM, Abomughayedh AM, Almutary AG, Iqbal D, Al Othaim A, Begum SS, Ahmad F, Mishra PC, Jha SK, Ojha S. Unveiling the impact of aging on BBB and Alzheimer's disease: Factors and therapeutic implications. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 98:102224. [PMID: 38346505 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a highly prevalent neurodegenerative condition that has devastating effects on individuals, often resulting in dementia. AD is primarily defined by the presence of extracellular plaques containing insoluble β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) composed of hyperphosphorylated tau protein (P-tau). In addition, individuals afflicted by these age-related illnesses experience a diminished state of health, which places significant financial strain on their loved ones. Several risk factors play a significant role in the development of AD. These factors include genetics, diet, smoking, certain diseases (such as cerebrovascular diseases, obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia), age, and alcohol consumption. Age-related factors are key contributors to the development of vascular-based neurodegenerative diseases such as AD. In general, the process of aging can lead to changes in the immune system's responses and can also initiate inflammation in the brain. The chronic inflammation and the inflammatory mediators found in the brain play a crucial role in the dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Furthermore, maintaining BBB integrity is of utmost importance in preventing a wide range of neurological disorders. Therefore, in this review, we discussed the role of age and its related factors in the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier and the development of AD. We also discussed the importance of different compounds, such as those with anti-aging properties, and other compounds that can help maintain the integrity of the blood-brain barrier in the prevention of AD. This review builds a strong correlation between age-related factors, degradation of the BBB, and its impact on AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Kumar Nelson
- Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Anantapur, India.
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India; Centre of Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; School of Bioengineering & Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India; Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India.
| | - Mohana Vamsi Nuli
- Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Anantapur, India
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sandeep Kanna
- Department of pharmaceutics, Chalapathi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chalapathi Nagar, Guntur 522034, India
| | - Reem M Gahtani
- Departement of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Umme Hani
- Department of pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arun Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mosleh Mohammad Abomughaid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali M Abomughayedh
- Pharmacy Department, Aseer Central Hospital, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmajeed G Almutary
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 59911, United Arab Emirates
| | - Danish Iqbal
- Department of Health Information Management, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Buraydah Private Colleges, Buraydah 51418, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayoub Al Othaim
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia.
| | - S Sabarunisha Begum
- Department of Biotechnology, P.S.R. Engineering College, Sivakasi 626140, India
| | - Fuzail Ahmad
- Respiratory Care Department, College of Applied Sciences, Almaarefa University, Diriya, Riyadh, 13713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Prabhu Chandra Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Zoology, Kalindi College, University of Delhi, 110008, India.
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
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Hussain MS, Altamimi ASA, Afzal M, Almalki WH, Kazmi I, Alzarea SI, Gupta G, Shahwan M, Kukreti N, Wong LS, Kumarasamy V, Subramaniyan V. Kaempferol: Paving the path for advanced treatments in aging-related diseases. Exp Gerontol 2024; 188:112389. [PMID: 38432575 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Aging-related diseases (ARDs) are a major global health concern, and the development of effective therapies is urgently needed. Kaempferol, a flavonoid found in several plants, has emerged as a promising candidate for ameliorating ARDs. This comprehensive review examines Kaempferol's chemical properties, safety profile, and pharmacokinetics, and highlights its potential therapeutic utility against ARDs. Kaempferol's therapeutic potential is underpinned by its distinctive chemical structure, which confers antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. Kaempferol counteracts reactive oxygen species (ROS) and modulates crucial cellular pathways, thereby combating oxidative stress and inflammation, hallmarks of ARDs. Kaempferol's low toxicity and wide safety margins, as demonstrated by preclinical and clinical studies, further substantiate its therapeutic potential. Compelling evidence supports Kaempferol's substantial potential in addressing ARDs through several mechanisms, notably anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic actions. Kaempferol exhibits a versatile neuroprotective effect by modulating various proinflammatory signaling pathways, including NF-kB, p38MAPK, AKT, and the β-catenin cascade. Additionally, it hinders the formation and aggregation of beta-amyloid protein and regulates brain-derived neurotrophic factors. In terms of its anticancer potential, kaempferol acts through diverse pathways, inducing apoptosis, arresting the cell cycle at the G2/M phase, suppressing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related markers, and affecting the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathways. Subsequent studies should focus on refining dosage regimens, exploring innovative delivery systems, and conducting comprehensive clinical trials to translate these findings into effective therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sadique Hussain
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jagatpura, 302017 Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Muhammad Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami I Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, 72341, Sakaka, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, India; Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Moyad Shahwan
- Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates; Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Neelima Kukreti
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Ling Shing Wong
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
| | - Vinoth Kumarasamy
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Vetriselvan Subramaniyan
- Pharmacology Unit, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Jafari S, Shiekh KA, Mishra DK, Kijpatanasilp I, Assatarakul K. Combined Effects of Clarifying Agents Improve Physicochemical, Microbial and Sensorial Qualities of Fresh Indian Gooseberry ( Phyllanthus emblica L.) Juice during Refrigerated Storage. Foods 2024; 13:290. [PMID: 38254591 PMCID: PMC10815077 DOI: 10.3390/foods13020290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Using clarifying agents is essential in the production of fruit juice. This study utilized gelatin and bentonite as clarifying agents to improve the quality and shelf-life of Indian gooseberry juice (IGBJ). Different treatments were prepared using varying levels of gelatin and bentonite alone or in combination (1.5-2 mg/mL and 1-2 mg/mL, respectively). The untreated IGBJ was used as a control. The results showed the combined treatment of 1.5 mg/mL gelatin and 1 mg/mL bentonite significantly (p ≤ 0.05) improved the transmittance, △E value, total acidity, vitamin C, and antioxidant activity of the IGBJ sample. During storage for 49 days at 4 °C, the quality changes in the IGBJ were minimal with the use of 1.5 mg/mL gelatin and 1 mg/mL bentonite compared to the control (p > 0.05). The treated samples showed no signs of spoilage bacteria, yeast, or mold during cold storage. The combined use of gelatin and bentonite (1.5 mg/mL gelatin and 1 mg/mL bentonite) was found to effectively preserve the sensory quality, bioactivity, and color properties of IGBJ, thereby extending its shelf-life. Thus, gelatin and bentonite can be used as preferred filtering aids for quality and shelf-life extension in the food industry, as they have synergistic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Jafari
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (S.J.); (K.A.S.); (I.K.)
| | - Khursheed Ahmad Shiekh
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (S.J.); (K.A.S.); (I.K.)
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Dharmendra K. Mishra
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, 745 Agriculture Mall Dr, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
| | - Isaya Kijpatanasilp
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (S.J.); (K.A.S.); (I.K.)
| | - Kitipong Assatarakul
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (S.J.); (K.A.S.); (I.K.)
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Raina K, Kumari R, Thakur P, Sharma R, Singh R, Thakur A, Anand V, Sharma R, Chaudhary A. Mechanistic role and potential of Ayurvedic herbs as anti-aging therapies. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2023; 38:211-226. [PMID: 37708954 DOI: 10.1515/dmpt-2023-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Medicinal plants and herbs are the most important part of the Ayurveda. The term Rasayana in Charaka Samhita confers long life, youthfulness, strong body, freedom from diseases and the plants mentioned in Rsayana possess antiaging property. Aging is the collective term used for the complex detrimental physiological changes that reduce the functional ability of the cell. Oxidative stress, telomeres shortening, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction are the main factors that regulate the aging process. Chronological aging is an irreversible process but the factors causing biological aging can be controlled. Ayurvedic herbs are better for the management of age-related problems. There are several natural bioactive agents present in plants that can delay the aging process in humans. They trigger actions like enhancing gene longevity and telomerase activity, ROS scavenging furthermore regeneration of tissues. CONTENT The plants mentioned in the Rasayana of Ayurveda have antiaging potential and can be used to solve modern problems related to aging. Some Ayurvedic plants and their antiaging potential has explained in this review. The main causes of aging, medicinal plants and their use as potential antiaging mediator are covered in this study. SUMMARY The process of aging is still an enigma. It is a complex, irretrievable, dynamic process that involves a number of factors and is subject to a number of environmental and genetic influences. Rasayana aspect has not been much investigated in clinical trials. Aging is considered to result from free radical damage. According to Charaka, Rasayana drugs open the partially or fully blocked channels. Many Rasayanas show free radical scavenging activity and has the potential to mitigate the effects of aging. It gives an overview of the significance of Ayurvedic medicinal plants as a source of inspiration and the use of these plants as remedies for antiaging. OUTLOOK This study briefly outlooks the causes of aging and how medicinal plants can be used to reverse the aging process. In this study, we discussed the antiaging potential and mechanistic roles of Ayurvedic herbs. These herbs have the properties to slow down the natural process of aging and can successfully manage common age-related problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Raina
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ruchika Kumari
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Palak Thakur
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Forest Products, College of Forestry, Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Randeep Singh
- PG Department of Zoology, Khalsa College Amritsar, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Abhinay Thakur
- PG Department of Zoology, DAV College Jalandhar, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| | - Vikas Anand
- Department of Physics & Astronomical Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashun Chaudhary
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Singh L, Atilano S, Chwa M, Singh MK, Ozgul M, Nesburn A, Kenney MC. Using Human 'Personalized' Cybrids to Identify Drugs/Agents That Can Regulate Chronic Lymphoblastic Leukemia Mitochondrial Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11025. [PMID: 37446202 PMCID: PMC10341973 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study uses personalized chronic lymphoblastic leukemia (CLL) cybrid cells to test various drugs/agents designed to improve mitochondrial function and cell longevity. Age-matched control (NL) and CLL cybrids were created. The NL and CLL cybrids were treated with ibrutinib (Ibr-10 μM), mitochondrial-targeted nutraceuticals such as alpha lipoic acid (ALA-1 mM), amla (Aml-300 μg), melatonin (Mel-1 mM), resveratrol (Res-100 μM) alone, or a combination of ibrutinib with nutraceuticals (Ibr + ALA, Ibr + Aml, Ibr + Mel, or Ibr + Res) for 48 h. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide), H2DCFDA(2',7' Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate), and JC1 assays were used to measure the cellular metabolism, intracellular ROS levels, and mitochondrial membrane potential (∆ψm), respectively. The expression levels of genes associated with antioxidant enzymes (SOD2, GPX3, and NOX4), apoptosis (BAX and CASP3), and inflammation (IL6, IL-1β, TNFα, and TGFβ) were measured using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). CLL cybrids treated with Ibr + ALA, Ibr + Aml, Ibr + Mel, and Ibr + Res had (a) reduced cell survivability, (b) increased ROS production, (c) increased ∆ψm levels, (d) decreased antioxidant gene expression levels, and (e) increased apoptotic and inflammatory genes in CLL cybrids when compared with ibrutinib-alone-treated CLL cybrids. Our findings show that the addition of nutraceuticals makes the CLL cybrids more pro-apoptotic with decreased cell survival compared with CLL cybrids exposed to ibrutinib alone.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Antioxidants/metabolism
- Antioxidants/pharmacology
- Antioxidants/therapeutic use
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Mitochondria/drug effects
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Mitochondria/pathology
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Hybrid Cells
- Dietary Supplements
- Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial/drug effects
- Gene Expression/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Lata Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (L.S.); (S.A.); (M.C.); (M.K.S.); (M.O.); (A.N.)
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Institute, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Shari Atilano
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (L.S.); (S.A.); (M.C.); (M.K.S.); (M.O.); (A.N.)
| | - Marilyn Chwa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (L.S.); (S.A.); (M.C.); (M.K.S.); (M.O.); (A.N.)
| | - Mithalesh K. Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (L.S.); (S.A.); (M.C.); (M.K.S.); (M.O.); (A.N.)
| | - Mustafa Ozgul
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (L.S.); (S.A.); (M.C.); (M.K.S.); (M.O.); (A.N.)
| | - Anthony Nesburn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (L.S.); (S.A.); (M.C.); (M.K.S.); (M.O.); (A.N.)
| | - M. Cristina Kenney
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (L.S.); (S.A.); (M.C.); (M.K.S.); (M.O.); (A.N.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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Nashine S, Cohen P, Wan J, Kenney C. Effect of Humanin G (HNG) on inflammation in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:4247-4269. [PMID: 35576057 PMCID: PMC9186758 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation plays a crucial role in the etiology and pathogenesis of AMD (Age-related Macular Degeneration). Humanin G (HNG) is a Mitochondrial Derived Peptide (MDP) that is cytoprotective in AMD and can protect against mitochondrial and cellular stress induced by damaged AMD mitochondria. The goal of this study was to test our hypothesis that inflammation-associated marker protein levels are increased in AMD and treatment with HNG leads to reduction in their protein levels. Humanin protein levels were measured in the plasma of AMD patients and normal subjects using ELISA assay. Humanin G was added to AMD and normal (control) cybrids which had identical nuclei from mitochondria-deficient ARPE-19 cells but differed in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content derived from clinically characterized AMD patients and normal (control) subjects. Cell lysates were extracted from untreated and HNG-treated AMD and normal cybrids, and the Luminex XMAP multiplex assay was used to measure the levels of inflammatory proteins. AMD plasma showed reduced Humanin protein levels, but higher protein levels of inflammation markers compared to control plasma samples. In AMD RPE cybrid cells, Humanin G reduced the CD62E/ E-Selectin, CD62P/ P-Selectin, ICAM-1, TNF-α, MIP-1α, IFN–γ, IL-1β, IL-13, and IL-17A protein levels, thereby suggesting that Humanin G may rescue from mtDNA-mediated inflammation in AMD cybrids. In conclusion, we present novel findings that: A) show reduced Humanin protein levels in AMD plasma vs. normal plasma; B) suggest the role of inflammatory markers in AMD pathogenesis, and C) highlight the positive effects of Humanin G in reducing inflammation in AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Nashine
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Pinchas Cohen
- Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA
| | - Junxiang Wan
- Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA
| | - Cristina Kenney
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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Discovering the Potential of Natural Antioxidants in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15010101. [PMID: 35056157 PMCID: PMC8777838 DOI: 10.3390/ph15010101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a multifactorial disease associated with anatomical changes in the inner retina. Despite tremendous advances in clinical care, there is currently no cure for AMD. This review aims to evaluate the published literature on the therapeutic roles of natural antioxidants in AMD. A literature search of PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar for peer-reviewed articles published between 1 January 2011 and 31 October 2021 was undertaken. A total of 82 preclinical and 18 clinical studies were eligible for inclusion in this review. We identified active compounds, carotenoids, extracts and polysaccharides, flavonoids, formulations, vitamins and whole foods with potential therapeutic roles in AMD. We evaluated the integral cellular signaling pathways including the activation of antioxidant pathways and angiogenesis pathways orchestrating their mode of action. In conclusion, we examined the therapeutic roles of natural antioxidants in AMD which warrant further study for application in clinical practice. Our current understanding is that natural antioxidants have the potential to improve or halt the progression of AMD, and tailoring therapeutics to the specific disease stages may be the key to preventing irreversible vision loss.
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Bao A, Nashine S, Atilano S, Chwa M, Federoff H, Kenney MC. Differential responses of AMD mitochondrial DNA haplogroups to PU-91, a mitochondria-targeting drug. Mitochondrion 2021; 60:189-200. [PMID: 34400356 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) dysfunction and variation in mtDNA haplogroups play a key role in the etiology of Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD). This study examined the response(s) of AMD ARPE-19 transmitochondrial cybrids having U, K, and J mtDNA haplogroups to treatment with a mitochondria-targeting PU-91 drug. PU-91 exerts its cytoprotective effects by upregulating PGC-1α (Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator (PGC)-1alpha) which is a primary regulator of the mitochondrial biogenesis pathway. The effects of PU-91 drug were determined using cell-based assays and gene expression analyses. Our study revealed that AMD cybrids with different mtDNA haplogroups i.e., U, K, J haplogroups respond differentially to PU-91 drug treatment; and that the PU-91 drug increases viable cell number, improves mitochondrial health, and protects AMD cybrids against oxidative stress across the board irrespective of their haplogroup variation. This study suggests that mtDNA haplogroups may contribute to the differential responses of AMD cybrid cells to PU-91 drug in vitro and may also influence AMD patients' responses to drug treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Sonali Nashine
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Shari Atilano
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Marilyn Chwa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Howard Federoff
- Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - M Cristina Kenney
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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Cao T, Wang J, Wu Y, Wang L, Zhang H. Antiglaucoma Potential of β-Glucogallin Is Mediated by Modulating Mitochondrial Responses in Experimentally Induced Glaucoma. Neuroimmunomodulation 2021; 27:142-151. [PMID: 33571990 DOI: 10.1159/000512992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of phytochemicals for the treatment of various bodily ailments has been in practice since ancient days. Even though in practice, scientific studies on the protective effect of β-glucogallin (BG) against glaucoma is limited. OBJECTIVES In the present study, the in vitro glaucoma model (hydrostatic pressure) using PC12 neuronal cells exposed to BG were used to elucidate its protective effects. METHOD The cultured cells were analyzed for the mitochondrial responses, oxidant-antioxidant status, and expression of caveolin-1, ANGPTL7, the glaucoma markers, and cytokines. RESULTS We demonstrated a significant increase in the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein, ANGPTL7, with altered mitochondrial enzymes in glaucoma cells compared to the control. Moreover, cells predisposed to hydrostatic pressure demonstrated an increase in oxidative stress with augmented (p < 0.01) inflammatory cytokines such as IL-2, CXCR4, IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, and TNF-α. On the other hand, cells pretreated with BG attenuated the reactive oxygen species levels with improved antioxidant enzymes. Simultaneously, the levels of inflammatory cytokines and ANGPTL7 proteins were found attenuated with restored mitochondrial responses in BG pretreated cells. CONCLUSION Thus, the results of the present study demonstrate that the use of BG on retinal cells against relieving the intraocular pressure may be a promising therapeutic for controlling the disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China,
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Orthopedic, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- Department of Tumour, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Lianfeng Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Huiqin Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
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11
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Schneider K, Chwa M, Atilano SR, Shao Z, Park J, Karageozian H, Karageozian V, Kenney MC. Differential effects of risuteganib and bevacizumab on AMD cybrid cells. Exp Eye Res 2020; 203:108287. [PMID: 33075294 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatments are currently used to treat wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy, and macular edema. Chronic, repetitive treatments with anti-VEGF may have unintended consequences beyond the inhibition of angiogenesis. Most recently, clinical trials have been conducted with risuteganib (RSG, Luminate®), which is anti-angiogenic and has neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties. Mitochondrial damage and dysfunction play a major role in development of AMD. Transmitochondrial cybrids are cell lines established by fusing human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells that are Rho0 (lacking mtDNA) with platelets isolated from AMD subjects or age-matched normal subjects. Cybrid cell lines have identical nuclei but mitochondria from different subjects, enabling investigation of the functional consequences of damaged AMD mitochondria. The present study compares the responses of AMD cybrids treated with bevacizumab (Bmab, Avastin®) versus risuteganib (RSG, Luminate®). METHODS Cybrids were created by fusing mtDNA depleted ARPE-19 cells with platelets from AMD or age-matched normal patients. AMD (n = 5) and normal (n = 3) cybrids were treated for 48 h with or without 1x clinical dose of 1.25 mg/50 μl (25,000 μg/ml) of Bmab or 1.0 mg/50 μl (20,000 μg/ml) of RSG. Cultures were analyzed for levels of cleaved caspase 3/7 and NucLight Rapid Red staining (IncuCyte® Live Cell Imager), mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm, JC1 assay) or reactive oxygen species (ROS, H2DCFDA assay). Expression levels of genes related to the following pathways were analyzed with qRT-PCR: Apoptosis (BAX, BCL2L13, CASP-3, -7, -9); angiogenesis (VEGFA, HIF1α, PDGF); integrins (ITGB-1, -3, -5, ITGA-3, -5, -V); mitochondrial biogenesis (PGC1α, POLG); oxidative stress (SOD2, GPX3, NOX4); inflammation (IL-6, -18, -1β, IFN-β1); and signaling (P3KCA, PI3KR1). Statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism software. RESULTS The untreated AMD cybrids had significantly higher levels of cleaved caspase 3/7 compared to the untreated normal cybrids. The Bmab-treated AMD cybrids showed elevated levels of cleaved caspase 3/7 compared to untreated AMD or RSG-treated AMD cybrids. The Bmab-treated cybrids had lower ΔΨm compared to untreated AMD or RSG-treated AMD cybrids. The ROS levels were not changed with Bmab or RSG treatment. Results showed that Bmab-treated cybrids had higher expression levels of inflammatory (IL-6, IL1-β), oxidative stress (NOX4) and angiogenesis (VEGFA) genes compared to untreated AMD, while RSG-treated cybrids had lower expression levels of apoptosis (BAX), angiogenesis (VEGFA) and integrin (ITGB1) genes. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the mechanism(s) of action of RSG, an integrin regulator, and Bmab, a recombinant monoclonal antibody, affect the AMD RPE cybrid cells differently, with the former having more anti-apoptosis properties, which may be desirable in treating degenerative ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Schneider
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Marilyn Chwa
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Shari R Atilano
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Zixuan Shao
- Allegro Ophthalmics, LLC, San Juan Capistrano, CA, USA
| | - John Park
- Allegro Ophthalmics, LLC, San Juan Capistrano, CA, USA
| | | | | | - M Cristina Kenney
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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12
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Sachdeva V, Roy A, Bharadvaja N. Current Prospects of Nutraceuticals: A Review. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2020; 21:884-896. [PMID: 32000642 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666200130113441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nutraceuticals are dietary supplements, utilized to ameliorate health, delay senescence, prevent diseases, and support the proper functioning of the human body. Currently, nutraceuticals are gaining substantial attention due to nutrition and therapeutic potentials. Based on their sources, they are categorized as dietary supplements and herbal bioactive compounds. The global market for nutraceutical is huge i.e. approximately USD 117 billion. Herbal nutraceutical helps in maintaining health and promoting optimal health, longevity, and quality of life. Studies have shown promising results of nutraceuticals to treat several diseases, such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, etc. In the present review, an overview of various bioactive ingredients that act as nutraceuticals (carbohydrates, lipids, edible flowers, alkaloids, medicinal plants, etc.) and their role in health benefits, has been discussed. Further application of nutraceuticals in the prevention of various diseases has also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedant Sachdeva
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
| | - Arpita Roy
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
| | - Navneeta Bharadvaja
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
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13
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Kenney MC, Nashine S. Further understanding of epigenetic dysfunction of the retinal pigment epithelium in AMD. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2020; 15:221-231. [PMID: 33732291 DOI: 10.1080/17469899.2020.1767597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Modulation of epigenetic mechanisms that contribute to retinal development may render the eye susceptible to age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Progression of AMD involves alterations of epigenome such as CpG methylation and histone modifications, and study of the epigenetic regulation of molecular/ cellular pathways associated with AMD might identify target epigenetic markers for treatment of AMD. Areas covered In this review, we provide an overview of the influence of epigenetic factors on signaling pathways/ related genes associated with AMD, mainly hypoxia, angiogenesis, inflammation, complement, and oxidative stress; and discuss the critical role of microRNAs in AMD. Expert Opinion Better understanding of epigenetic-mediated and microRNA-mediated regulation of the AMD disease-related pathways would help to assess the risk of developing AMD besides providing valuable insight on potential target candidates for AMD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Kenney
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Sonali Nashine
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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14
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Nashine S, Kenney MC. Role of Citicoline in an in vitro AMD model. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:9031-9040. [PMID: 32470946 PMCID: PMC7288938 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Citicoline is the exogenous form of the nootropic, Cytidine 5'-diphosphate-choline that exerts its neuroprotective effects in the brain as well as in the eye. The current study characterized the cytoprotective effects of purified Citicoline in transmitochondrial AMD (Age-related Macular Degeneration) RPE cybrid cells which carry diseased mitochondria from clinically characterized AMD patients. The effects of Citicoline were examined via flow cytometry analysis of AnnexinV/ PI-stained cells, IncuCyte live-cell imaging analysis to quantify cells undergoing caspase-3/7-mediated apoptosis, analyses of gene expression profiles of apoptosis, hypoxia, and angiogenesis markers, and measurement of ROS levels and cell viability. Our results demonstrated that Citicoline when added exogenously alleviates apoptotic effects as evidenced by diminished AnnexinV/PI and Caspase-3/7 staining, downregulation of apoptosis genes, enhanced cell viability, and reduced oxidative stress in AMD RPE cybrid cells. In conclusion, our study identified Citicoline as a protector in AMD RPE cybrid cells in vitro. However, further studies are required to establish the merit of Citicoline as a cytoprotective molecule in AMD and to decipher the molecular underpinnings of its mechanism of action in AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Nashine
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - M Cristina Kenney
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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15
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Teimouri E, Rainey-Smith SR, Bharadwaj P, Verdile G, Martins RN. Amla Therapy as a Potential Modulator of Alzheimer’s Disease Risk Factors and Physiological Change. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 74:713-733. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-191033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elham Teimouri
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Stephanie R. Rainey-Smith
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Sir James McCusker Alzheimer’s Disease Research Unit (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Prashant Bharadwaj
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Giuseppe Verdile
- Sir James McCusker Alzheimer’s Disease Research Unit (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ralph N. Martins
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Sir James McCusker Alzheimer’s Disease Research Unit (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
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16
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Role of Resveratrol in Transmitochondrial AMD RPE Cells. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12010159. [PMID: 31935891 PMCID: PMC7019821 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol is a phytoalexin, stilbenoid compound with antioxidant properties attributable to its bioactive trans-resveratrol content. This study characterized the effects of over-the-counter (OTC) resveratrol nutritional supplements and a HPLC-purified resveratrol formulation, in human transmitochondrial age-related macular degeneration (AMD) retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) patient cell lines. These cell lines, which were created by fusing blood platelets obtained from dry and wet AMD patients with mitochondria-deficient (Rho0) ARPE-19 cells, had identical nuclei (derived from ARPE-19 cells) but different mitochondria that were derived from AMD patients. After resveratrol treatment, the levels of cell viability and reactive oxygen species production were measured. Results demonstrated that treatment with different resveratrol formulations improved cell viability and decreased reactive oxygen species generation in each AMD patient cell line. Although further studies are required to establish the cytoprotective potential of resveratrol under different physiological conditions, this novel study established the positive effects of OTC resveratrol supplements in macular degeneration patient cybrid cell lines in vitro.
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Nashine S, Subramaniam SR, Chwa M, Nesburn A, Kuppermann BD, Federoff H, Kenney MC. PU-91 drug rescues human age-related macular degeneration RPE cells; implications for AMD therapeutics. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:6691-6713. [PMID: 31477635 PMCID: PMC6756897 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Since mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in the pathogenesis of AMD, this study is based on the premise that repurposing of mitochondria-stabilizing FDA-approved drugs such as PU-91, might rescue AMD RPE cells from AMD mitochondria-induced damage. The PU-91 drug upregulates PGC-1α which is a critical regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. Herein, we tested the therapeutic potential of PU-91 drug and examined the additive effects of treatment with PU-91 and esterase inhibitors i.e., EI-12 and EI-78, using the in vitro transmitochondrial AMD cell model. This model was created by fusing platelets obtained from AMD patients with Rho0 i.e., mitochondria-deficient, ARPE-19 cell lines. The resulting AMD RPE cell lines have identical nuclei but differ in their mitochondrial DNA content, which is derived from individual AMD patients. Briefly, we report significant improvement in cell survival, mitochondrial health, and antioxidant potential in PU-91-treated AMD RPE cells compared to their untreated counterparts. In conclusion, this study identifies PU 91 as a therapeutic candidate drug for AMD and repurposing of PU-91 will be a smoother transition from lab bench to clinic since the pharmacological profiles of PU-91 have been examined already.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Nashine
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | | | - Marilyn Chwa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Anthony Nesburn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.,Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Baruch D Kuppermann
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Howard Federoff
- Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - M Cristina Kenney
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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18
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Nashine S, Nesburn AB, Kuppermann BD, Kenney MC. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) mitochondria modulate epigenetic mechanisms in retinal pigment epithelial cells. Exp Eye Res 2019; 189:107701. [PMID: 31226340 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.107701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial damage and epigenetic modifications have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD). This study was designed to investigate the effects of AMD/normal mitochondria on epigenetic regulation in human transmitochondrial retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells in vitro. Human RPE cybrid cell lines were created by fusing mitochondria-deficient (Rho0) ARPE-19 cells with platelets obtained from either AMD patients (AMD cybrids) or normal subjects (normal cybrids). Therefore, all cybrids had identical nuclei (derived from ARPE-19 cells) but mitochondria derived from either AMD patients or age-matched normal subjects. AMD cybrids demonstrated increased RNA/protein levels for five methylation-related and four acetylation-related genes, along with lower levels of two methylation and three acetylation genes compared to normal cybrids. Demethylation using 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (DAC) led to decreased expression of VEGF-A gene in AMD cells. Trichostatin A (TSA), an HDAC inhibitor, also influenced protein levels of VEGF-A, HIF1α, NFκB, and CFH in AMD cells. Our findings suggest that retrograde signaling leads to mitochondria-nucleus interactions that influence the epigenetic status of the RPE cells and this may help in the identification of future potential therapeutic targets for AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Nashine
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Anthony B Nesburn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Baruch D Kuppermann
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - M Cristina Kenney
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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