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Wu HH, Du JM, Liu P, Meng FL, Li YY, Li WJ, Wang SX, Du NL, Zheng Y, Zhang L, Wang HY, Liu YR, Song CH, Ni X, Li Y, Su GH. LDHA contributes to nicotine induced cardiac fibrosis through autophagy flux impairment. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 136:112338. [PMID: 38850787 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a typical feature of cardiac pathological remodeling, which is associated with adverse clinical outcomes and has no effective therapy. Nicotine is an important risk factor for cardiac fibrosis, yet its underlying molecular mechanism remains poorly understood. This study aimed to identify its potential molecular mechanism in nicotine-induced cardiac fibrosis. Our results showed nicotine exposure led to the proliferation and transformation of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) into myofibroblasts (MFs) by impairing autophagy flux. Through the use of drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) assay, cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA), and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology, it was discovered that nicotine directly increased the stability and protein levels of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) by binding to it. Nicotine treatment impaired autophagy flux by regulating the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway, impeding the nuclear translocation of transcription factor EB (TFEB), and reducing the activity of cathepsin B (CTSB). In vivo, nicotine treatment exacerbated cardiac fibrosis induced in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and worsened cardiac function. Interestingly, the absence of LDHA reversed these effects both in vitro and in vivo. Our study identified LDHA as a novel nicotine-binding protein that plays a crucial role in mediating cardiac fibrosis by blocking autophagy flux. The findings suggest that LDHA could potentially serve as a promising target for the treatment of cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hui Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jia-Min Du
- Department of Cardiology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Research Center for Translational Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Fan-Liang Meng
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yue-Yan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wen-Jing Li
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuang-Xi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Nai-Li Du
- Department of Cardiology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Research Center for Translational Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Research Center for Translational Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Research Center for Translational Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Hui-Yun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Research Center for Translational Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yi-Ran Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Research Center for Translational Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Chun-Hong Song
- Department of Laboratory Animal Center, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xi Ni
- Department of Cardiology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Research Center for Translational Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Cardiology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Research Center for Translational Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
| | - Guo-Hai Su
- Department of Cardiology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Research Center for Translational Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
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Huang B, Yu Z, Cui D, Du F. MAPKAP1 orchestrates macrophage polarization and lipid metabolism in fatty liver-enhanced colorectal cancer. Transl Oncol 2024; 45:101941. [PMID: 38692197 PMCID: PMC11070763 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.101941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Various factors, including fatty liver and macrophage alterations, influence colorectal cancer (CRC). This study explores the mechanistic role of fatty liver in CRC progression, focusing on macrophage polarization and lipid metabolism. A murine fatty liver model was created with a high-fat diet (HFD), and CRC was induced using AOM and DSS. Single-cell transcriptome sequencing (scRNA-seq) identified MAPKAP1 as a critical gene promoting CRC via M2 macrophage polarization and lipid metabolism reprogramming. Prognosis analysis on the TCGA-CRC dataset confirmed MAPKAP1's significance. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that EVs from fatty liver cells enhanced MAPKAP1 expression, accelerating CRC development and metastasis. HFD exacerbated CRC, but fatty acid inhibitors delayed progression. Fatty liver upregulates MAPKAP1, driving M2 macrophage polarization and lipid metabolism changes, worsening CRC. These findings suggest potential therapeutic strategies for CRC, particularly targeting lipid metabolism and macrophage-mediated tumor promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Huang
- Department of Hypertension, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, No.28, Guimedical Street, Yunyan District, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, PR China.
| | - Zhenqiu Yu
- Department of Hypertension, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, No.28, Guimedical Street, Yunyan District, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, PR China.
| | - Dejun Cui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, PR China.
| | - Fawang Du
- Department of Hypertension, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, No.28, Guimedical Street, Yunyan District, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, PR China
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Shao X, Zeng W, Wang Q, Liu S, Guo Q, Luo D, Luo Q, Wang D, Wang L, Zhang Y, Diao H, Piao S, Yan M, Guo J. Fufang Zhenzhu Tiaozhi (FTZ) suppression of macrophage pyroptosis: Key to stabilizing rupture-prone plaques. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 324:117705. [PMID: 38219878 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on the Chinese herbal formula Fufang Zhenzhu Tiaozhi (FTZ) has demonstrated its effectiveness in treating hyperlipidemia and glycolipid metabolic disorders. Additionally, FTZ has shown inhibitory effects on oxidative stress, regulation of lipid metabolism, and reduction of inflammation in these conditions. However, the precise mechanisms through which FTZ modulates macrophage function in atherosclerosis remain incompletely understood. Therefore, this study aims to investigate whether FTZ can effectively stabilize rupture-prone plaques by suppressing macrophage pyroptosis and impeding the development of M1 macrophage polarization in ApoE-/- mice. METHODS To assess the impact of FTZ on macrophage function and atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice, we orally administered FTZ at a dosage of 1.2 g/kg body weight daily for 14 weeks. Levels of interleukin-18 and interleukin-1β were quantified using ELISA kits to gauge FTZ's influence on inflammation. Total cholesterol content was measured with a Cholesterol Assay Kit to evaluate FTZ's effect on lipid metabolism. Aortic tissues were stained with Oil Red O, and immunohistochemistry techniques were applied to assess atherosclerotic lesions and plaque stability. To evaluate the effects of FTZ on macrophage pyroptosis and oxidative damage, immunofluorescence staining was utilized. Additionally, we conducted an analysis of protein and mRNA expression levels of NLRP3 inflammasome-related genes and macrophage polarization-related genes using RT-PCR and western blotting techniques. RESULTS This study illustrates the potential therapeutic effectiveness of FTZ in mitigating the severity of atherosclerosis and improving serum lipid profiles by inhibiting inflammation. The observed enhancements in atherosclerosis severity and inflammation can be attributed to the suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome activity and M1 polarization by FTZ. CONCLUSION The current findings indicate that FTZ provides protection against atherosclerosis, positioning it as a promising candidate for novel therapies targeting atherosclerosis and related cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Shao
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (Institute of Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Wenru Zeng
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (Institute of Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Qing Wang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (Institute of Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Suping Liu
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (Institute of Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Qiaoling Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (Institute of Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Duosheng Luo
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (Institute of Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Qingmao Luo
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (Institute of Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Dongwei Wang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (Institute of Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Lexun Wang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (Institute of Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Yue Zhang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (Institute of Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Hongtao Diao
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (Institute of Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Shenghua Piao
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (Institute of Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Meiling Yan
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (Institute of Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (Institute of Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Mou Y, Liao W, Liang Y, Li Y, Zhao M, Guo Y, Sun Q, Tang J, Wang Z. Environmental pollutants induce NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis: Roles and mechanisms in various diseases. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 900:165851. [PMID: 37516172 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution is changing with economic development. Most environmental pollutants are characterized by stable chemical properties, strong migration, potential toxicity, and multiple exposure routes. Harmful substances are discharged excessively, and large quantities of unknown new compounds are emerging, being transmitted and amplifying in the food chain. The increasingly severe problems of environmental pollution have forced people to re-examine the relationship between environmental pollution and health. Pyroptosis and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome are critical in maintaining the immune balance and regulating the inflammatory process. Numerous diseases caused by environmental pollutants are closely related to NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis. We intend to systematically explain the steps and important events that are common in life but easily overlooked by which environmental pollutants activate the NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis pathways. This comprehensive review also discusses the interaction network between environmental pollutants, the NLRP3 inflammasome, pyroptosis, and diseases. Thus, research progress on the impact of decreasing oxidative stress levels to inhibit the NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis, thereby repairing homeostasis and reshaping health, is systematically examined. This review aims to deepen the understanding of the impact of environmental pollutants on life and health and provide a theoretical basis and potential programs for the development of corresponding treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Mou
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Wenhao Liao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Yun Liang
- The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu 610014, China
| | - Yuchen Li
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China; College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Mei Zhao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China; School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yaoyao Guo
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Qin Sun
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base of the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jianyuan Tang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China; TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China.
| | - Zhilei Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China; TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China.
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5
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Liu X, Luo P, Zhang W, Zhang S, Yang S, Hong F. Roles of pyroptosis in atherosclerosis pathogenesis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115369. [PMID: 37643484 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a pro-inflammatory type of regulated cell death (RCD) characterized by gasdermin protein-mediated membrane pore formation, cell swelling, and rapid lysis. Recent studies have suggested that pyroptosis is closely related to atherosclerosis (AS). Previous studies reported that pyroptosis involving endothelial cells (ECs), macrophages, and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) plays an important role in the formation and development of AS. Pyroptosis not only causes local inflammation but also amplifies the inflammatory response and it aggravates plaque instability, leading to plaque rupture and thrombosis, eventually resulting in acute cardiovascular events. In this review, we clarified some novel pathways and mechanics and presented some potential drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Liu
- Pathogen Biology Experimental Center, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Jiangxi 330000, China
| | - Peiyi Luo
- Pathogen Biology Experimental Center, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Jiangxi 330000, China; Queen Mary School, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, China
| | - Weiyun Zhang
- Pathogen Biology Experimental Center, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Jiangxi 330000, China; Queen Mary School, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, China
| | - Shuxian Zhang
- Pathogen Biology Experimental Center, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Jiangxi 330000, China; Queen Mary School, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, China
| | - Shulong Yang
- School of basic medical sciences, Fuzhou Medical College of Nanchang University, Fuzhou 344000, China; Key Laboratory of Chronic Diseases, Fuzhou Medical University, Fuzhou 344000, China; Technology Innovation Center of Chronic Disease Research in Fuzhou City, Fuzhou Science and Technology Bureau, Fuzhou 344000, China.
| | - Fenfang Hong
- Pathogen Biology Experimental Center, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Jiangxi 330000, China.
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Xie S, Su E, Song X, Xue J, Yu P, Zhang B, Liu M, Jiang H. GSDME in Endothelial Cells: Inducing Vascular Inflammation and Atherosclerosis via Mitochondrial Damage and STING Pathway Activation. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2579. [PMID: 37761020 PMCID: PMC10526370 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The initiation of atherosclerotic plaque is characterized by endothelial cell inflammation. In light of gasdermin E's (GSDME) role in pyroptosis and inflammation, this study elucidates its function in atherosclerosis onset. Employing Gsdme- and apolipoprotein E-deficient (Gsdme-/-/ApoE-/-) and ApoE-/- mice, an atherosclerosis model was created on a Western diet (WD). In vitro examinations with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) included oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) exposure. To explore the downstream mechanisms linked to GSDME, we utilized an agonist targeting the stimulator of the interferon genes (STING) pathway. The results showed significant GSDME activation in ApoE-/- mice arterial tissues, corresponding with atherogenesis. Gsdme-/-/ApoE-/- mice displayed fewer plaques and decreased vascular inflammation. Meanwhile, GSDME's presence was confirmed in endothelial cells. GSDME inhibition reduced the endothelial inflammation induced by ox-LDL. GSDME was linked to mitochondrial damage in endothelial cells, leading to an increase in cytoplasmic double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). Notably, STING activation partially offset the effects of GSDME inhibition in both in vivo and in vitro settings. Our findings underscore the pivotal role of GSDME in endothelial cells during atherogenesis and vascular inflammation, highlighting its influence on mitochondrial damage and the STING pathway, suggesting a potential therapeutic target for vascular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyao Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Innovative Center for New Drug Development of Immune Inflammatory Diseases, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Enyong Su
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Innovative Center for New Drug Development of Immune Inflammatory Diseases, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaoyue Song
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Innovative Center for New Drug Development of Immune Inflammatory Diseases, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Junqiang Xue
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Innovative Center for New Drug Development of Immune Inflammatory Diseases, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Peng Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fudan Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Baoli Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Innovative Center for New Drug Development of Immune Inflammatory Diseases, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Health Management Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of AI Technology for Cardiopulmonary Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Innovative Center for New Drug Development of Immune Inflammatory Diseases, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of AI Technology for Cardiopulmonary Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Saaoud F, Shao Y, Cornwell W, Wang H, Rogers TJ, Yang X. Cigarette Smoke Modulates Inflammation and Immunity via Reactive Oxygen Species-Regulated Trained Immunity and Trained Tolerance Mechanisms. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 38:1041-1069. [PMID: 36017612 PMCID: PMC10171958 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Cigarette smoke (CS) is a prominent cause of morbidity and death and poses a serious challenge to the current health care system worldwide. Its multifaceted roles have led to cardiovascular, respiratory, immunological, and neoplastic diseases. Recent Advances: CS influences both innate and adaptive immunity and regulates immune responses by exacerbating pathogenic immunological responses and/or suppressing defense immunity. There is substantial evidence pointing toward a critical role of CS in vascular immunopathology, but a comprehensive and up-to-date review is lacking. Critical Issues: This review aims to synthesize novel conceptual advances on the immunomodulatory action of CS with a focus on the cardiovascular system from the following perspectives: (i) the signaling of danger-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) receptors contributes to CS modulation of inflammation and immunity; (ii) CS reprograms immunometabolism and trained immunity-related metabolic pathways in innate immune cells and T cells, which can be sensed by the cytoplasmic (cytosolic and non-nuclear organelles) reactive oxygen species (ROS) system in vascular cells; (iii) how nuclear ROS drive CS-promoted DNA damage and cell death pathways, thereby amplifying inflammation and immune responses; and (iv) CS induces endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction and vascular inflammation to promote cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Future Directions: Despite significant progress in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms linking CS to immunity, further investigations are warranted to elucidate novel mechanisms responsible for CS-mediated immunopathology of CVDs; in particular, the research in redox regulation of immune functions of ECs and their fate affected by CS is still in its infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Saaoud
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ying Shao
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - William Cornwell
- Center for Inflammation and Lung Research, Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Inflammation, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Metabolic Disease Research and Thrombosis Research Centers, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Thomas J. Rogers
- Center for Inflammation and Lung Research, Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Inflammation, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Metabolic Disease Research and Thrombosis Research Centers, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Sun Z, Liu H, Hu Y, Luo G, Yuan Z, Tu B, Ruan H, Li J, Fan C. STING contributes to trauma-induced heterotopic ossification through NLRP3-dependent macrophage pyroptosis. Clin Immunol 2023; 250:109300. [PMID: 36963448 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Trauma-induced heterotopic ossification (HO) is featured by aberrant bone formation at extra-skeletal site. STING is a master adaptor protein linking cellular damage to immune responses, while its role in HO remains elusive. A murine burn/tenotomy model was used to mimic trauma-induced HO in vivo. We demonstrated elevated STING expression in macrophages in inflammatory stage after burn/tenotomy, and STING inhibition significantly alleviated HO formation. Activated NLRP3-dependent macrophage pyroptosis was also found in inflammatory stage after burn/tenotomy. Either STING or NLRP3 suppression reduced mature HO by weakening macrophage pyroptotic inflammation, while protective effects of STING were abolished by NLRP3 overexpression. Further, in vitro, we also found a prominent STING level in pyroptotic BMDMs. STING suppression relieved macrophage pyroptotic inflammation, while abolished by NLRP3 overexpression. Our results reveal that STING poses regulatory effects on trauma-induced HO formation, via modulating NLRP3-dependent macrophage pyroptosis. Targeting STING-NLRP3 axis represents an attractive approach for trauma-induced HO prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Hang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Yuehao Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, PR China
| | - Gang Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Zhengqiang Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Bing Tu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Hongjiang Ruan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai 201306, PR China.
| | - Juehong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai 201306, PR China.
| | - Cunyi Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai 201306, PR China.
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Le Y, Yang J, Li F, Jiang Y, Wei T, Wang D, Wang K, Cui X, Lin X, Yang K, Hong T, Wei R. Dapagliflozin improves pancreatic islet function by attenuating microvascular endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2023; 39:e3607. [PMID: 36565185 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors, including dapagliflozin, improve ß cell function in type 2 diabetic individuals. Whether dapagliflozin can protect islet microvascular endothelial cells (IMECs) and thus contribute to the improvement of ß cell function remains unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS The db/db mice were treated with dapagliflozin or vehicle for 6 weeks. ß cell function, islet capillaries and the levels of inflammatory chemokines in IMECs were detected. The mouse IMEC cell line MS-1 cells were incubated with palmitate and/or dapagliflozin for 24 h. Angiogenesis and inflammatory chemokine levels were evaluated, and the involved signalling pathways were analysed. The mouse ß cell line MIN6 cells, in the presence or absence of co-culture with MS-1 cells, were treated with palmitate and/or dapagliflozin for 24 h. The expression of ß cell specific markers and insulin secretion in MIN6 cells were determined. RESULTS Dapagliflozin significantly improved ß cell function, increased islet capillaries and decreased the levels of inflammatory chemokines of IMECs in db/db mice. In the palmitate-treated MS-1 cells, angiogenesis was enhanced and the levels of inflammatory chemokines were downregulated by dapagliflozin. Either a PI3K inhibitor or mTOR inhibitor eliminated the dapagliflozin-mediated effects. Importantly, dapagliflozin attenuated the palmitate-induced downregulation of ß cell function-related gene expression and insulin secretion in MIN6 cells co-cultured with MS-1 cells but not in those on mono-culture. CONCLUSIONS Dapagliflozin restores islet vascularisation and attenuates the inflammation of IMECs in type 2 diabetic mice. The dapagliflozin-induced improvement of ß cell function is at least partially accounted for by its beneficial effects on IMECs in a PI3K/Akt-mTOR-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyi Le
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yafei Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tianjiao Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kangli Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaona Cui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiafang Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tianpei Hong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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10
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Tian K, Yang Y, Zhou K, Deng N, Tian Z, Wu Z, Liu X, Zhang F, Jiang Z. The role of ROS-induced pyroptosis in CVD. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1116509. [PMID: 36873396 PMCID: PMC9978107 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1116509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the number one cause of death in the world and seriously threatens human health. Pyroptosis is a new type of cell death discovered in recent years. Several studies have revealed that ROS-induced pyroptosis plays a key role in CVD. However, the signaling pathway ROS-induced pyroptosis has yet to be fully understood. This article reviews the specific mechanism of ROS-mediated pyroptosis in vascular endothelial cells, macrophages, and cardiomyocytes. Current evidence shows that ROS-mediated pyroptosis is a new target for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis (AS), myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI), and heart failure (HF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijiang Tian
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, International Joint Laboratory for Arteriosclerotic Disease Research of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, International Joint Laboratory for Arteriosclerotic Disease Research of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Kun Zhou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, International Joint Laboratory for Arteriosclerotic Disease Research of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Nianhua Deng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, International Joint Laboratory for Arteriosclerotic Disease Research of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zhen Tian
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, International Joint Laboratory for Arteriosclerotic Disease Research of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zefan Wu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, International Joint Laboratory for Arteriosclerotic Disease Research of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xiyan Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, International Joint Laboratory for Arteriosclerotic Disease Research of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Zhisheng Jiang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, International Joint Laboratory for Arteriosclerotic Disease Research of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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11
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Gao J, Chen Y, Wang H, Li X, Li K, Xu Y, Xie X, Guo Y, Yang N, Zhang X, Ma D, Lu HS, Shen YH, Liu Y, Zhang J, Chen YE, Daugherty A, Wang DW, Zheng L. Gasdermin D Deficiency in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Ameliorates Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Through Reducing Putrescine Synthesis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2204038. [PMID: 36567267 PMCID: PMC9929270 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a common vascular disease associated with significant phenotypic alterations in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Gasdermin D (GSDMD) is a pore-forming effector of pyroptosis. In this study, the role of VSMC-specific GSDMD in the phenotypic alteration of VSMCs and AAA formation is determined. Single-cell transcriptome analyses reveal Gsdmd upregulation in aortic VSMCs in angiotensin (Ang) II-induced AAA. VSMC-specific Gsdmd deletion ameliorates Ang II-induced AAA in apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-/- mice. Using untargeted metabolomic analysis, it is found that putrescine is significantly reduced in the plasma and aortic tissues of VSMC-specific GSDMD deficient mice. High putrescine levels trigger a pro-inflammatory phenotype in VSMCs and increase susceptibility to Ang II-induced AAA formation in mice. In a population-based study, a high level of putrescine in plasma is associated with the risk of AAA (p < 2.2 × 10-16 ), consistent with the animal data. Mechanistically, GSDMD enhances endoplasmic reticulum stress-C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) signaling, which in turn promotes the expression of ornithine decarboxylase 1 (ODC1), the enzyme responsible for increased putrescine levels. Treatment with the ODC1 inhibitor, difluoromethylornithine, reduces AAA formation in Ang II-infused ApoE-/- mice. The findings suggest that putrescine is a potential biomarker and target for AAA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Gao
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Institute of Systems BiomedicineSchool of Basic Medical SciencesKey Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science of Ministry of EducationNHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory PeptidesBeijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors ResearchHealth Science CenterPeking UniversityBeijing100191P. R. China
| | - Yanghui Chen
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of Internal Medicine and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic DisordersTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyJiefang Avenue NO.1095, Qiaokou DistrictWuhan430000P. R. China
| | - Huiqing Wang
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Institute of Systems BiomedicineSchool of Basic Medical SciencesKey Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science of Ministry of EducationNHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory PeptidesBeijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors ResearchHealth Science CenterPeking UniversityBeijing100191P. R. China
| | - Xin Li
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Institute of Systems BiomedicineSchool of Basic Medical SciencesKey Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science of Ministry of EducationNHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory PeptidesBeijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors ResearchHealth Science CenterPeking UniversityBeijing100191P. R. China
| | - Ke Li
- Beijing Tiantan HospitalChina National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesAdvanced Innovation Center for Human Brain ProtectionBeijing Institute of Brain DisordersThe Capital Medical UniversityBeijing100050P. R. China
| | - Yangkai Xu
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Institute of Systems BiomedicineSchool of Basic Medical SciencesKey Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science of Ministry of EducationNHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory PeptidesBeijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors ResearchHealth Science CenterPeking UniversityBeijing100191P. R. China
| | - Xianwei Xie
- Department of CardiologyShengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical UniversityFujian Provincial HospitalFuzhou350001P. R. China
| | - Yansong Guo
- Department of CardiologyShengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical UniversityFujian Provincial HospitalFujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular DiseaseFujian Provincial Center for GeriatricsFujian Clinical Medical Research Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesFujian Heart Failure Center AllianceFuzhou350001P. R. China
| | - Nana Yang
- Weifang Key Laboratory of Animal Model Research on Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular DiseasesWeifang Medical UniversityWeifang261053P. R. China
| | - Xinhua Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyThe Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular BiologyMinistry of EducationHebei Medical UniversityZhongshan East Road No. 361Shijiazhuang050017P. R. China
| | - Dong Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyThe Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular BiologyChina Administration of EducationHebei Medical UniversityHebei050017P. R. China
| | - Hong S. Lu
- Department of PhysiologySaha Cardiovascular Research CenterUniversity of KentuckySouth LimestoneLexingtonKY40536‐0298USA
| | - Ying H. Shen
- Division of Cardiothoracic SurgeryMichael E. DeBakey Department of SurgeryBaylor College of MedicineDepartment of Cardiovascular SurgeryTexas Heart InstituteHoustonTX77030USA
| | - Yong Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell HomeostasisCollege of Life SciencesInstitute for Advanced StudiesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072P. R. China
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Michigan Medical CenterAnn ArborMI48109USA
| | - Y. Eugene Chen
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Michigan Medical CenterAnn ArborMI48109USA
| | - Alan Daugherty
- Department of PhysiologySaha Cardiovascular Research CenterUniversity of KentuckySouth LimestoneLexingtonKY40536‐0298USA
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of Internal Medicine and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic DisordersTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyJiefang Avenue NO.1095, Qiaokou DistrictWuhan430000P. R. China
| | - Lemin Zheng
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Institute of Systems BiomedicineSchool of Basic Medical SciencesKey Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science of Ministry of EducationNHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory PeptidesBeijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors ResearchHealth Science CenterPeking UniversityBeijing100191P. R. China
- Beijing Tiantan HospitalChina National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesAdvanced Innovation Center for Human Brain ProtectionBeijing Institute of Brain DisordersThe Capital Medical UniversityBeijing100050P. R. China
- Hangzhou Qianjiang Distinguished ExpertHangzhou Institute of Advanced TechnologyHangzhou310026P. R. China
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12
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Ju J, Liu Y, Liang H, Yang B. The role of pyroptosis in endothelial dysfunction induced by diseases. Front Immunol 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1093985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Most organs in the body rely on blood flow, and vesicular damage is the leading cause of injury in multiple organs. The endothelium, as the barriers of vessels, play a critical role in ensuring vascular homeostasis and angiogenesis. The rapid development of risk factors in endothelial injuries has been seen in the past decade, such as smoking, infectious, and diabetes mellites. Pyroptotic endothelium is an inflammatory mode of governed endothelial cell death that depend on the metabolic disorder and severe infectious such as atherosclerosis, and sepsis-related acute lung injury, respectively. Pyroptotic endothelial cells need GSDMD cleaved into N- and C-terminal by caspase1, and the cytokines are released by a pore constructed by the N-terminal of GSDMD in the membrane of ECs, finally resulting in severe inflammation and pyroptotic cell death. This review will focus on the patho-physiological and pharmacological pathways of pyroptotic endothelial metabolism in diseases. Overall, this review indicates that pyroptosis is a significant risk factor in diseases and a potential drug target in related diseases.
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13
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Ju J, Liu Y, Liang H, Yang B. The role of pyroptosis in endothelial dysfunction induced by diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1093985. [PMID: 36776394 PMCID: PMC9910335 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1093985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Most organs in the body rely on blood flow, and vesicular damage is the leading cause of injury in multiple organs. The endothelium, as the barriers of vessels, play a critical role in ensuring vascular homeostasis and angiogenesis. The rapid development of risk factors in endothelial injuries has been seen in the past decade, such as smoking, infectious, and diabetes mellites. Pyroptotic endothelium is an inflammatory mode of governed endothelial cell death that depend on the metabolic disorder and severe infectious such as atherosclerosis, and sepsis-related acute lung injury, respectively. Pyroptotic endothelial cells need GSDMD cleaved into N- and C-terminal by caspase1, and the cytokines are released by a pore constructed by the N-terminal of GSDMD in the membrane of ECs, finally resulting in severe inflammation and pyroptotic cell death. This review will focus on the patho-physiological and pharmacological pathways of pyroptotic endothelial metabolism in diseases. Overall, this review indicates that pyroptosis is a significant risk factor in diseases and a potential drug target in related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ju
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People’s Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Haihai Liang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China,Research Unit of Noninfectious Chronic Diseases in Frigid Zone (2019RU070), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Baofeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China,Research Unit of Noninfectious Chronic Diseases in Frigid Zone (2019RU070), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China,*Correspondence: Baofeng Yang,
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14
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Tang BY, Ge J, Wu Y, Wen J, Tang XH. The Role of ADAM17 in Inflammation-Related Atherosclerosis. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2022; 15:1283-1296. [PMID: 35648358 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-022-10275-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that poses a huge economic burden due to its extremely poor prognosis. Therefore, it is necessary to explore potential mechanisms to improve the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. A disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17) is a cell membrane-bound protein that performs a range of functions through membrane protein shedding and intracellular signaling. ADAM17-mediated inflammation has been identified to be an important contributor to atherosclerosis; however, the specific relationship between its multiple regulatory roles and the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis remains unclear. Here, we reviewed the activation, function, and regulation of ADAM17, described in detail the role of ADAM17-mediated inflammatory damage in atherosclerosis, and discussed several controversial points. We hope that these insights into ADAM17 biology will lead to rational management of atherosclerosis. ADAM17 promotes vascular inflammation in endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and macrophages, and regulates the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bai-Yi Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Third Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Jin Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Third Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Third Hospital of Changsha, 176 W. Laodong Road, Changsha, 410015, Hunan, China
| | - Juan Wen
- Department of Cardiology, Third Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
| | - Xiao-Hong Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Third Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
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15
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Ma J, Zhang H, Chen Y, Liu X, Tian J, Shen W. The Role of Macrophage Iron Overload and Ferroptosis in Atherosclerosis. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1702. [PMID: 36421722 PMCID: PMC9688033 DOI: 10.3390/biom12111702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a new type of cell death caused by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. In recent years, it has been found that ferroptosis can promote the progression of atherosclerosis (AS). Macrophages have been proven to play multiple roles in the occurrence and development of AS. Iron is a necessary mineral that participates in different functions of macrophages under physiological conditions. But iron overload and ferroptosis in macrophages may promote the progression of AS. Herein, we summarize the role of iron overload and ferroptosis in macrophages in AS from the perspective of iron metabolism, and iron overload and ferroptosis are significant contributors to AS development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiedong Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Hongqi Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yufei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Xiaojin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jiamin Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Wei Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
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16
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Luo X, Weng X, Bao X, Bai X, Lv Y, Zhang S, Chen Y, Zhao C, Zeng M, Huang J, Xu B, Johnson TW, White SJ, Li J, Jia H, Yu B. A novel anti-atherosclerotic mechanism of quercetin: Competitive binding to KEAP1 via Arg483 to inhibit macrophage pyroptosis. Redox Biol 2022; 57:102511. [PMID: 36274522 PMCID: PMC9596875 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural antioxidants represented by quercetin have been documented to be effective against atherosclerosis. However, the related mechanisms remain largely unclear. In this study, we identified a novel anti-atherosclerotic mechanism of quercetin inhibiting macrophage pyroptosis by activating NRF2 through binding to the Arg483 site of KEAP1 competitively. In ApoE-/- mice fed with high fat diet, quercetin administration attenuated atherosclerosis progression by reducing oxidative stress level and suppressing macrophage pyroptosis. At the cellular level, quercetin suppressed THP-1 macrophage pyroptosis induced by ox-LDL, demonstrated by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation and reducing ROS level, while these effects were reversed by the specific NRF2 inhibitor (ML385). Mechanistically, quercetin promoted NRF2 to dissociate from KEAP1, enhanced NRF2 nuclear translocation as well as transcription of downstream antioxidant protein. Molecular docking results suggested that quercetin could bind with KEAP1 at Arg415 and Arg483. In order to verify the binding sites, KEAP1 mutated at Arg415 and Arg483 to Ser (R415S and R483S) was transfected into THP-1 macrophages, and the anti-pyroptotic effect of quercetin was abrogated by Arg483 mutation, but not Arg415 mutation. Furthermore, after administration of adeno associated viral vector (AAV) with AAV-KEAP1-R483S, the anti-atherosclerotic effects of quercetin were almost abolished in ApoE-/- mice. These findings proved quercetins suppressed macrophage pyroptosis by targeting KEAP1/NRF2 interaction, and provided reliable data on the underlying mechanism of natural antioxidants to protect against atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150001, PR China
| | - Xiuzhu Weng
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150001, PR China
| | - Xiaoyi Bao
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150001, PR China
| | - Xiaoxuan Bai
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150001, PR China
| | - Ying Lv
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150001, PR China
| | - Shan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150001, PR China
| | - Yuwu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150001, PR China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150001, PR China
| | - Ming Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150001, PR China
| | - Jianxin Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150001, PR China
| | - Biyi Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150001, PR China
| | - Thomas W Johnson
- Department of Cardiology, Bristol Heart Institute, Upper Maudlin St., Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Stephen J White
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150001, PR China.
| | - Haibo Jia
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150001, PR China.
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150001, PR China
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17
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Puylaert P, Zurek M, Rayner KJ, De Meyer GRY, Martinet W. Regulated Necrosis in Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:1283-1306. [PMID: 36134566 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.318177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
During atherosclerosis, lipid-rich plaques are formed in large- and medium-sized arteries, which can reduce blood flow to tissues. This situation becomes particularly precarious when a plaque develops an unstable phenotype and becomes prone to rupture. Despite advances in identifying and treating vulnerable plaques, the mortality rate and disability caused by such lesions remains the number one health threat in developed countries. Vulnerable, unstable plaques are characterized by a large necrotic core, implying a prominent role for necrotic cell death in atherosclerosis and plaque destabilization. Necrosis can occur accidentally or can be induced by tightly regulated pathways. Over the past decades, different forms of regulated necrosis, including necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and secondary necrosis, have been identified, and these may play an important role during atherogenesis. In this review, we describe several forms of necrosis that may occur in atherosclerosis and how pharmacological modulation of these pathways can stabilize vulnerable plaques. Moreover, some challenges of targeting necrosis in atherosclerosis such as the presence of multiple death-inducing stimuli in plaques and extensive cross-talk between necrosis pathways are discussed. A better understanding of the role of (regulated) necrosis in atherosclerosis and the mechanisms contributing to plaque destabilization may open doors to novel pharmacological strategies and will enable clinicians to tackle the residual cardiovascular risk that remains in many atherosclerosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Puylaert
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology and Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Belgium (P.P., M.Z., G.R.Y.D.M., W.M.)
| | - Michelle Zurek
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology and Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Belgium (P.P., M.Z., G.R.Y.D.M., W.M.)
| | - Katey J Rayner
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology and Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada (K.J.R.).,University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ON, Canada (K.J.R.)
| | - Guido R Y De Meyer
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology and Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Belgium (P.P., M.Z., G.R.Y.D.M., W.M.)
| | - Wim Martinet
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology and Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Belgium (P.P., M.Z., G.R.Y.D.M., W.M.)
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Xue C, Chen Q, Bian L, Yin Z, Xu Z, Zhang H, Zhang Q, Zhang J, Wang C, Du R, Fan L. The relationships between cholesterol crystals, NLRP3 inflammasome, and coronary atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability in acute coronary syndrome: An optical coherence tomography study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:905363. [PMID: 36386333 PMCID: PMC9640760 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.905363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholesterol crystals (CCs) in lesions are the hallmark of advanced atherosclerotic plaque. Previous studies have demonstrated that CCs could activate NLRP3 inflammasome, which played an important role in atherosclerotic lesion progression. However, the relationship between CCs, NLRP3 inflammasome pathway, and plaque vulnerability in patients with ACS is still not elucidated. METHODS Two hundred sixty-nine consecutive acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients with 269 culprit lesions were included in this study. CCs and other plaque characteristics within the culprit lesion segment were evaluated by optical coherence tomography (OCT) before percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The NLRP3 mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and the serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18, and other biological indices were measured. RESULTS Cholesterol crystals were observed in 105 (39%) patients with 105 culprit lesions. There were no significant differences in baseline clinical characteristics between the patients with CCs (CCs group, n = 105) and the patients without CCs (non-CCs group, n = 164) within the culprit lesion segment except for lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)]. The CCs group had a higher level of NLRP3 mRNA expression in PBMCs and higher levels of serum cytokine IL-1β and IL-18. OCT showed that the CCs group had longer lesion length, more severe diameter stenosis, and less minimum luminal area (MLA) than the non-CCs group (all p < 0.05). The frequency of thin-cap fibroatheroma (TCFA), thrombus, accumulation of macrophages, plaque rupture, micro-channel, calcification, spotty calcification, and layered plaque was higher in the CCs group than in the non-CCs groups (all p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic analysis revealed that the level of NLRP3 expression (OR = 10.204), IL-1β levels (OR = 3.523), IL-18 levels (OR = 1.006), TCFA (OR = 3.593), layered plaque (OR = 5.287), MLA (OR = 1.475), macrophage accumulation (OR = 2.881), and micro-channel (OR = 3.185) were independently associated with CCs. CONCLUSION Acute coronary syndrome patients with CCs in culprit lesions had a higher expression of NLRP3, IL-1β, and IL-18, and had more vulnerable plaque characteristics than patients without CCs. CCs might have interacted with NLRP3 inflammasome activation in patients with ACS, which could contribute to plaque vulnerability in culprit lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xue
- Department of Cardiology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qizhi Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Bian
- Department of Cardiology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaofang Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zuojun Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huili Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingyong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Changqian Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Run Du
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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An integral perspective of canonical cigarette and e-cigarette-related cardiovascular toxicity based on the adverse outcome pathway framework. J Adv Res 2022:S2090-1232(22)00193-X. [PMID: 35998874 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nowadays, cigarette smoking remains the leading cause of chronic disease and premature death, especially cardiovascular disease. As an emerging tobacco product, e-cigarettes have been advocated as alternatives to canonical cigarettes, and thus may be an aid to promote smoking cessation. However, recent studies indicated that e-cigarettes should not be completely harmless to the cardiovascular system. AIM OF REVIEW This review aimed to build up an integral perspective of cigarettes and e-cigarettes-related cardiovascular toxicity. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW This review adopted the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework as a pivotal tool and aimed to elucidate the association between the molecular initiating events (MIEs) induced by cigarette and e-cigarette exposure to the cardiovascular adverse outcome. Since the excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been widely approved to play a critical role in cigarette smoke-related CVD and may also be involved in e-cigarette-induced toxic effects, the ROS overproduction and subsequent oxidative stress are regarded as essential parts of this framework. As far as we know, this should be the first AOP framework focusing on cigarette and e-cigarette-related cardiovascular toxicity, and we hope our work to be a guide in exploring the biomarkers and novel therapies for cardiovascular injury.
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20
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Piotrkowska R, Mędrzycka-Dąbrowska W, Jarzynkowski P, Ślusarz R. Nicotine Dependence and the Level of Motivation for Ceasing Smoking in the Case of Patients Undergoing Vascular Surgeries Versus the Optimisation of Perioperative Care-Pilot Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191610393. [PMID: 36012032 PMCID: PMC9408470 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Smoking is one of key risk factors of cardiovascular diseases, including abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), peripheral arterial disease (PAD), and carotid artery disease (CAD). Despite attempts being made to make the society aware of the consequences of passive and active smoking, as well as worldwide and nationwide epidemiologic research reflecting the scale of the problem, there are still a lot of smokers. AIM The purpose of the study was to assess the relationship between the degree of addiction and the level of motivation for ceasing smoking in the case of patients before vascular surgery. Furthermore, to point out factors that have a significant impact on the level of nicotine dependence and motivation for ceasing smoking. METHODS The survey included patients qualified for vascular surgeries. The patients were active smokers: 69.3% men and 30.7% women. The survey was conducted in the form of a questionnaire based on standard research tools: the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), the Test of Motivation for Ceasing Smoking by Nina Schneider, and the original questionnaire aimed at collecting social and demographic data. RESULTS Most patients showed a high or moderate degree of nicotine dependence: 46.5% and 40.6%, respectively. An average nicotine dependence ratio based on the Fagerström test was 6.23 ± 2.39. An average motivation for the ceasing smoking ratio was 4.88 ± 2.76. Only 34.7% of the patients had a high motivation for ceasing smoking. Over half of the patients (61.4%) attempted to cease smoking in the past. CONCLUSIONS Most patients undergoing vascular surgeries showed a high or moderate degree of nicotine dependence and low motivation to quit smoking. The greater the addiction to nicotine, the lower the motivation to quit smoking. Social and demographic factors do not affect the degree of nicotine addiction and the motivation to quit smoking. Years of smoking had an impact on the incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Piotrkowska
- Department of Surgical Nursing, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
- Clinic of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, University Clinical Centre, Dębinki 7, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Wioletta Mędrzycka-Dąbrowska
- Department of Anaesthesiology Nursing and Intensive Care, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Jarzynkowski
- Department of Surgical Nursing, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Robert Ślusarz
- Neurological and Neurosurgical Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Science, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Łukasiewicza 1, 85-821 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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21
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Liu J, Yao Q, Xie X, Cui Q, Jiang T, Zhao Z, Du X, Lai B, Xiao L, Wang N. Procyanidin B2 Attenuates Nicotine-Induced Hepatocyte Pyroptosis through a PPARγ-Dependent Mechanism. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091756. [PMID: 35565726 PMCID: PMC9103831 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Procyanidin B2 (PCB2), a natural flavonoid, has been demonstrated to exert anti-oxidation and anti-inflammatory effects on hepatic diseases. Increasing evidence shows the hepatoxicity of nicotine. However, whether PCB2 protects against nicotine-induced hepatoxicity and the underlying mechanisms remains uncharacterized. Here, we reported that nicotine promoted hepatocyte pyroptosis, as evidenced by the elevation of propidium iodide (PI)-positive cells, the activation of Caspase-1 and gasdermin D (GSDMD), the enhanced expression of NOD-like receptor containing pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) and the increased release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. The silencing of GSDMD by small interfering RNA (siRNA) efficiently inhibited the release of LDH and the secretion of IL-1β and IL-18. In addition, rosiglitazone (RGZ) prevented hepatocyte pyroptosis induced by nicotine. Furthermore, we showed that PCB2 attenuated nicotine-induced pyroptosis through the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) in hepatocytes. Moreover, administration of PCB2 ameliorated liver injury and hepatocyte pyroptosis in nicotine-treated mice. Hence, our findings demonstrated that PCB2 attenuated pyroptosis and liver damage in a PPARγ-dependent manner. Our results suggest a new mechanism by which PCB2 exerts its liver protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China; (J.L.); (Q.Y.); (X.X.); (X.D.); (B.L.); (L.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education of China, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Qinyu Yao
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China; (J.L.); (Q.Y.); (X.X.); (X.D.); (B.L.); (L.X.)
| | - Xinya Xie
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China; (J.L.); (Q.Y.); (X.X.); (X.D.); (B.L.); (L.X.)
| | - Qi Cui
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (Q.C.); (T.J.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Tingting Jiang
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (Q.C.); (T.J.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Ziwei Zhao
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (Q.C.); (T.J.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Xiong Du
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China; (J.L.); (Q.Y.); (X.X.); (X.D.); (B.L.); (L.X.)
| | - Baochang Lai
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China; (J.L.); (Q.Y.); (X.X.); (X.D.); (B.L.); (L.X.)
| | - Lei Xiao
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China; (J.L.); (Q.Y.); (X.X.); (X.D.); (B.L.); (L.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education of China, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Nanping Wang
- Health Science Center, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-021-62235057
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22
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Lu N, Cheng W, Liu D, Liu G, Cui C, Feng C, Wang X. NLRP3-Mediated Inflammation in Atherosclerosis and Associated Therapeutics. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:823387. [PMID: 35493086 PMCID: PMC9045366 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.823387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome is a crucial constituent of the body’s innate immune system, and a multiprotein platform which is initiated by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Its activation leads to caspase-1 maturation and release of inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18, and subsequently causes pyroptosis. Recently, the excess activation of NLRP3 inflammasome has been confirmed to mediate inflammatory responses and to participate in genesis and development of atherosclerosis. Therefore, the progress on the discovery of specific inhibitors against the NLRP3 inflammasome and the upstream and downstream inflammatory factors has become potential targets for clinical treatment. Here we review the recently described mechanisms about the NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and discuss emphatically the pharmacological interventions using statins and natural medication for atherosclerosis associated with NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Lu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Weijia Cheng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Dongling Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Can Cui
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Chaoli Feng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xianwei Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- *Correspondence: Xianwei Wang,
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23
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TXNIP: A Double-Edged Sword in Disease and Therapeutic Outlook. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7805115. [PMID: 35450411 PMCID: PMC9017576 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7805115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) was originally named vitamin D3 upregulated protein-1 (VDUP1) because of its ability to bind to thioredoxin (TRX) and inhibit TRX function and expression. TXNIP is an alpha-arrestin protein that is essential for redox homeostasis in the human body. TXNIP may act as a double-edged sword in the cell. The balance of TXNIP is crucial. A study has shown that TXNIP can travel between diverse intracellular locations and bind to different proteins to play different roles under oxidative stress. The primary function of TXNIP is to induce apoptosis or pyroptosis under oxidative stress. TXNIP also inhibits proliferation and migration in cancer cells, although TXNIP levels decrease, and function diminishes in various cancers. In this review, we summarized the main structure, binding proteins, pathways, and the role of TXNIP in diseases, aiming to explore the double-edged sword role of TXNIP, and expect it to be helpful for future treatment using TXNIP as a therapeutic target.
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24
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Wei Y, Yang L, Pandeya A, Cui J, Zhang Y, Li Z. Pyroptosis-Induced Inflammation and Tissue Damage. J Mol Biol 2022; 434:167301. [PMID: 34653436 PMCID: PMC8844146 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell deaths are pathways involving cells playing an active role in their own destruction. Depending on the signaling system of the process, programmed cell death can be divided into two categories, pro-inflammatory and non-inflammatory. Pyroptosis is a pro-inflammatory form of programmed cell death. Upon cell death, a plethora of cytokines are released and trigger a cascade of responses from the neighboring cells. The pyroptosis process is a double-edged sword, could be both beneficial and detrimental in various inflammatory disorders and disease conditions. A physiological outcome of these responses is tissue damage, and sometimes death of the host. In this review, we focus on the inflammatory response triggered by pyroptosis, and resulting tissue damage in selected organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Wei
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Ankit Pandeya
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jian Cui
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Yan Zhang
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou,China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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25
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Lin L, Zhang MX, Zhang L, Zhang D, Li C, Li YL. Autophagy, Pyroptosis, and Ferroptosis: New Regulatory Mechanisms for Atherosclerosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:809955. [PMID: 35096837 PMCID: PMC8793783 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.809955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by the gradual buildup of plaques within the vessel wall of middle-sized and large arteries. The occurrence and development of atherosclerosis and the rupture of plaques are related to the injury of vascular cells, including endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Autophagy is a subcellular process that plays an important role in the degradation of proteins and damaged organelles, and the autophagy disorder of vascular cells is closely related to atherosclerosis. Pyroptosis is a proinflammatory form of regulated cell death, while ferroptosis is a form of regulated nonapoptotic cell death involving overwhelming iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. Both of them exhibit distinct features from apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy in morphology, biochemistry, and genetics. However, a growing body of evidence suggests that pyroptosis and ferroptosis interact with autophagy and participate in the development of cancers, degenerative brain diseases and cardiovascular diseases. This review updated the current understanding of autophagy, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis, finding potential links and their effects on atherogenesis and plaque stability, thus providing ways to develop new pharmacological strategies to address atherosclerosis and stabilize vulnerable, ruptured plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lin
- Chinese Medicine Innovation Research Institute, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Mu-Xin Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Chinese Medicine Innovation Research Institute, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chao Li
- Chinese Medicine Innovation Research Institute, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yun-Lun Li
- Chinese Medicine Innovation Research Institute, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Department of Cardiovascular, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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26
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Jiang C, Xie S, Yang G, Wang N. Spotlight on NLRP3 Inflammasome: Role in Pathogenesis and Therapies of Atherosclerosis. J Inflamm Res 2022; 14:7143-7172. [PMID: 34992411 PMCID: PMC8711145 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s344730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is an intricate biological response of body tissues to detrimental stimuli. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide, and inflammation is well documented to play a role in the development of CVD, especially atherosclerosis (AS). Emerging evidence suggests that activation of the NOD-like receptor (NLR) family and the pyridine-containing domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is instrumental in inflammation and may result in AS. The NLRP3 inflammasome acts as a molecular platform that triggers the activation of caspase-1 and the cleavage of pro-interleukin (IL)-1β, pro-IL-18, and gasdermin D (GSDMD). The cleaved GSDMD forms pores in the cell membrane and initiates pyroptosis, inducing cell death and the discharge of intracellular pro-inflammatory factors. Hence, the NLRP3 inflammasome is a promising target for anti-inflammatory therapy against AS. In this review, we systematically summarized the current understanding of the activation mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasome, and the pathological changes in AS involving NLRP3. We also discussed potential therapeutic strategies targeting NLRP3 inflammasome to combat AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunteng Jiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.,Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center of Göttingen, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Santuan Xie
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Ningning Wang
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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27
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Saiki P, Yoshihara M, Kawano Y, Miyazaki H, Miyazaki K. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Heliangin from Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) Leaves Might Prevent Atherosclerosis. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12010091. [PMID: 35053238 PMCID: PMC8774036 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is considered the major cause of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, which are the leading causes of death worldwide. Excessive nitric oxide production and inflammation result in dysfunctional vascular endothelial cells, which are critically involved in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. The present study aimed to identify a bioactive compound from Jerusalem artichoke leaves with anti-inflammatory activity that might prevent atherosclerosis. We isolated bioactive heliangin that inhibited NO production in LPS-induced macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells. Heliangin suppressed ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin, and MCP-1 expression, as well as NF-κB and IκBα phosphorylation, in vascular endothelial cells stimulated with TNF-α. These results suggested that heliangin suppresses inflammation by inhibiting excessive NO production in macrophages and the expression of the factors leading to the development of atherosclerosis via the NF-κB signaling pathway in vascular endothelial cells. Therefore, heliangin in Jerusalem artichoke leaves could function in the prevention of atherosclerosis that is associated with heart attacks and strokes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Papawee Saiki
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advance Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8566, Japan; (Y.K.); (K.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-29-861-4304
| | - Mizuki Yoshihara
- Graduate School of Life and Environment Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan; (M.Y.); (H.M.)
| | - Yasuhiro Kawano
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advance Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8566, Japan; (Y.K.); (K.M.)
| | - Hitoshi Miyazaki
- Graduate School of Life and Environment Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan; (M.Y.); (H.M.)
| | - Koyomi Miyazaki
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advance Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8566, Japan; (Y.K.); (K.M.)
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28
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Peng KG, Yu HL. Characteristic analysis of clinical coronary heart disease and coronary artery disease concerning young and middle-aged male patients. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:7358-7364. [PMID: 34616802 PMCID: PMC8464452 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i25.7358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a type of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease. In recent years, the incidence of CHD has been increasing annually, with an increasing number of young patients. Severe CHD may cause severe myocardial ischemia or myocardial necrosis, which in turn may cause myocardial infarction and related complications that seriously affect the life and health of the patient.
AIM To examine the coronary arteries and clinical features of young and middle-aged male patients with CHD.
METHODS From February 2019 to January 2020, 110 male CHD patients admitted to our hospital were selected as research subjects and were divided into two groups by age: middle-aged group (n = 55) and young group (n = 55). The coronary arteries and clinical features of the patients were compared.
RESULTS There were no significant differences in dyslipidemia, stroke history, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, or triacylglycerol (P > 0.05) between the two groups. In the young group, age, diabetes, hypertension, smoking history, body mass index, family history of CHD, drinking history, fibrinogen, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, and single-vessel disease were higher than those in the middle-aged group. Correspondingly, serum uric acid, hyperuricemia, myocardial infarction, Gensini score > 50, collateral circulation, multivessel disease, double vessel disease, involvement of the right coronary artery, and involvement of the left main coronary artery were lower in the young group than in the middle-aged group. The middle-aged group mainly suffered from a high Gensini score, implicating multiple arteries, whereas the young group was mainly affected by single-vessel disease. The between-group difference was significant (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION In CHD attacks, multiple coronary arteries are implicated in middle-aged male patients and single-vessel disease in young male patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Ge Peng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Anqing Municipal Hospital, Anqing 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | - Hui-Lin Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Anqing Municipal Hospital, Anqing 230032, Anhui Province, China
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Qian Z, Zhao Y, Wan C, Deng Y, Zhuang Y, Xu Y, Zhu Y, Lu S, Bao Z. Pyroptosis in the Initiation and Progression of Atherosclerosis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:652963. [PMID: 34122076 PMCID: PMC8187899 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.652963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis, a newly discovered form of programmed cell death, is characterized by cell swelling, the protrusion of large bubbles from the plasma membrane and cell lysis. This death pathway is mediated by the pore formation of gasdermin D (GSDMD), which is activated by human caspase-1/caspase-4/caspase-5 (or mouse caspase-1/caspase11), and followed with the releasing of both cell contents and proinflammatory cytokines. Pyroptosis was initially found to function as an innate immune effector mechanism to facilitate host defense against pathogenic microorganisms, and subsequent studies revealed that pyroptosis also plays an eventful role in inflammatory immune diseases and tumor resistance. Recent studies have also shown that pyroptosis is involved in the initiation, the progression and complications of atherosclerosis. Here, we provide an overview of the role of pyroptosis in atherosclerosis by focusing on three important participating cells: ECs, macrophages, and SMCs. In addition, we also summarized drugs and stimuli that regulate the progression of atherosclerosis by influencing cell pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengtao Qian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Changshu Medicine Examination Institute, Changshu, China.,Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Wuxi Matemity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yilin Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Changshu Medicine Examination Institute, Changshu, China
| | - Chuandan Wan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Changshu Medicine Examination Institute, Changshu, China
| | - Yimai Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Changshu Medicine Examination Institute, Changshu, China
| | - Yaoyao Zhuang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Changshu Medicine Examination Institute, Changshu, China
| | - Yeqiong Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Changshu Medicine Examination Institute, Changshu, China
| | - Yanping Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Changshu Medicine Examination Institute, Changshu, China
| | - Shourong Lu
- Geriatric Department, Nanjing Medical University Afliated Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhengyang Bao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Wuxi Matemity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
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