1
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Chen C, Qin F, Singh S, Tang Y, Li H. CTNNBIP1-CLSTN1 functions as a housekeeping chimeric RNA and regulates cell proliferation through SERPINE2. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:369. [PMID: 37805599 PMCID: PMC10560238 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01668-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The conventional understanding that chimeric RNAs are unique to carcinoma and are the products of chromosomal rearrangement is being challenged. However, experimental evidence supporting the function of chimeric RNAs in normal physiology is scarce. We decided to focus on one particular chimeric RNA, CTNNBIP1-CLSTN1. We examined its expression in various tissues and cell types and compared it quantitatively among cancer and noncancer cells. We further investigated its role in a panel of noncancer cells and investigated the functional mechanism. We found that this fusion transcript is expressed in almost all tissues and a wide range of cell types, including fibroblasts, epithelial cells, stem cells, vascular endothelial cells, and hepatocytes. In addition, the CTNNBIP1-CLSTN1 expression level in noncancerous cell lines was not evidently different from that in cancer cell lines. Furthermore, in at least three cell types, silencing CTNNBIP1-CLSTN1 significantly reduced the cell proliferation rate by inducing G2/M arrest and apoptosis. Importantly, rescue experiments confirmed that cell cycle arrest was restored by exogenous expression of the chimera but not the wild-type parental gene. Further evidence is provided that CTNNBIP1-CLSTN1 regulates cell proliferation through SERPINE2. Thus, CTNNBIP1-CLSTN1 is an example of a new class of fusion RNAs, dubbed "housekeeping chimeric RNAs".
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Dezhou Hospital, Dezhou, 253000, Shandong, China
| | - Fujun Qin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Sandeep Singh
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
- ICMR-Center for Research, Management and Control of Haemoglobinopathies (Unit of ICMR-National Institute of Immunohaematology, Mumbai), Chandrapur, Maharashtra, 442406, India
| | - Yue Tang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
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2
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Mukherjee S, Mukherjee SB, Frenkel-Morgenstern M. Functional and regulatory impact of chimeric RNAs in human normal and cancer cells. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2023; 14:e1777. [PMID: 36633099 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Fusions of two genes can lead to the generation of chimeric RNAs, which may have a distinct functional role from their original molecules. Chimeric RNAs could encode novel functional proteins or serve as novel long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). The appearance of chimeric RNAs in a cell could help to generate new functionality and phenotypic diversity that might facilitate this cell to survive against new environmental stress. Several recent studies have demonstrated the functional roles of various chimeric RNAs in cancer progression and are considered as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and sometimes even drug targets. Further, the growing evidence demonstrated the potential functional association of chimeric RNAs with cancer heterogeneity and drug resistance cancer evolution. Recent studies highlighted that chimeric RNAs also have functional potentiality in normal physiological processes. Several functionally potential chimeric RNAs were discovered in human cancer and normal cells in the last two decades. This could indicate that chimeric RNAs are the hidden layer of the human transcriptome that should be explored from the functional insights to better understand the functional evolution of the genome and disease development that could facilitate clinical practice improvements. This review summarizes the current knowledge of chimeric RNAs and highlights their functional, regulatory, and evolutionary impact on different cancers and normal physiological processes. Further, we will discuss the potential functional roles of a recently discovered novel class of chimeric RNAs named sense-antisense/cross-strand chimeric RNAs generated by the fusion of the bi-directional transcripts of the same gene. This article is categorized under: Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Mukherjee
- Cancer Genomics and BioComputing of Complex Diseases Lab, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
- Department of Computer Science, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory (CDSL), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sunanda Biswas Mukherjee
- Cancer Genomics and BioComputing of Complex Diseases Lab, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Milana Frenkel-Morgenstern
- Cancer Genomics and BioComputing of Complex Diseases Lab, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
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3
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Li H, Chen C, Tang Y, Qin F, Singh S. CTNNBIP1-CLSTN1 Functions as a Housekeeping Chimeric RNA, and Regulates Cell Proliferation through SERPINE2. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3112431. [PMID: 37503100 PMCID: PMC10371161 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3112431/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The conventional wisdom that chimeric RNAs being peculiarity of carcinoma, and the products of chromosomal rearrangement is being challenged, However, experimental evidence supporting chimeric RNAs in normal physiology being functional is scarce. We decided to focus on one particular chimeric RNA, CTNNBIP1-CLSTN1 . We examined its expression among various tissues and cell types, and compared quantitatively among cancer and non-cancer cells. We further investigated its role in a panel of non-cancer cells and probed the functional mechanism. We found that this fusion transcript is expressed in almost all tissues, and a wide range of cell types including fibroblasts, epithelial, stem, vascular endothelial cells, and hepatocytes. The expression level in non-cancerous cell lines is also not evidently different from that in the cancer cell lines. Furthermore, silencing CTNNBIP1-CLSTN1 significantly reduces cell proliferation rate, by inducing G2/M arrest in cell cycle progress and apoptosis in at least three cell types. Importantly, rescue experiments confirmed that the cell cycle arrest can be regained by exogenous expression of the chimera, but not the wild type parental gene. Further evidence is provided that CTNNBIP1-CLSTN1 regulates cell proliferation through SERPINE2 . Thus, CTNNBIP1-CLSTN1 represents an example of a new class of fusion RNA, dubbed "housekeeping chimeric RNAs".
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4
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Xiong X, Ke X, Wang L, Lin Y, Wang S, Yao Z, Li K, Luo Y, Liu F, Pan Y, Yeung SJ, Helfrich W, Zhang H. Neoantigen-based cancer vaccination using chimeric RNA-loaded dendritic cell-derived extracellular vesicles. J Extracell Vesicles 2022; 11:e12243. [PMID: 35927827 PMCID: PMC9451527 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer vaccines critically rely on the availability of targetable immunogenic cancer-specific neoepitopes. However, mutation-based immunogenic neoantigens are rare or even non-existent in subgroups of cancer types. To address this issue, we exploited a cancer-specific aberrant transcription-induced chimeric RNA, designated A-Pas chiRNA, as a possible source of clinically relevant and targetable neoantigens. A-Pas chiRNA encodes a recently discovered cancer-specific chimeric protein that comprises full-length astrotactin-2 (ASTN2) C-terminally fused in-frame to the antisense sequence of the 18th intron of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPPA). We used extracellular vesicles (EVs) from A-Pas chiRNA-transfected dendritic cells (DCs) to produce the cell-free anticancer vaccine DEXA-P . Treatment of immunocompetent cancer-bearing mice with DEXA-P inhibited tumour growth and prolonged animal survival. In summary, we demonstrate for the first time that cancer-specific transcription-induced chimeric RNAs can be exploited to produce a cell-free cancer vaccine that induces potent CD8+ T cell-mediated anticancer immunity. Our novel approach may be particularly useful for developing cancer vaccines to treat malignancies with low mutational burden or without mutation-based antigens. Moreover, this cell-free anticancer vaccine approach may offer several practical advantages over cell-based vaccines, such as ease of scalability and genetic modifiability as well as enhanced shelf life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xiong
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, and Department of PathologySchool of Medicineand Department of General SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Xiurong Ke
- Department of SurgeryLaboratory for Translational Surgical OncologyUniversity of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
- Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdongChina
| | - Lu Wang
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, and Department of PathologySchool of Medicineand Department of General SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Yusheng Lin
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, and Department of PathologySchool of Medicineand Department of General SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdongChina
- Department of HematologyUniversity of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Shuhong Wang
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, and Department of PathologySchool of Medicineand Department of General SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Zhimeng Yao
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, and Department of PathologySchool of Medicineand Department of General SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Kai Li
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, and Department of PathologySchool of Medicineand Department of General SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Yichen Luo
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, and Department of PathologySchool of Medicineand Department of General SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Fan Liu
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, and Department of PathologySchool of Medicineand Department of General SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Yunlong Pan
- Department of General SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, and Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and PathologySchool of MedicineJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Sai‐Ching J. Yeung
- Department of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal DisordersUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Wijnand Helfrich
- Department of SurgeryLaboratory for Translational Surgical OncologyUniversity of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of General SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, and Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and PathologySchool of MedicineJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Minister of Education Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular BiologyJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
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5
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Sun Y, Li H. Chimeric RNAs Discovered by RNA Sequencing and Their Roles in Cancer and Rare Genetic Diseases. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13050741. [PMID: 35627126 PMCID: PMC9140685 DOI: 10.3390/genes13050741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric RNAs are transcripts that are generated by gene fusion and intergenic splicing events, thus comprising nucleotide sequences from different parental genes. In the past, Northern blot analysis and RT-PCR were used to detect chimeric RNAs. However, they are low-throughput and can be time-consuming, labor-intensive, and cost-prohibitive. With the development of RNA-seq and transcriptome analyses over the past decade, the number of chimeric RNAs in cancer as well as in rare inherited diseases has dramatically increased. Chimeric RNAs may be potential diagnostic biomarkers when they are specifically expressed in cancerous cells and/or tissues. Some chimeric RNAs can also play a role in cell proliferation and cancer development, acting as tools for cancer prognosis, and revealing new insights into the cell origin of tumors. Due to their abilities to characterize a whole transcriptome with a high sequencing depth and intergenically identify spliced chimeric RNAs produced with the absence of chromosomal rearrangement, RNA sequencing has not only enhanced our ability to diagnose genetic diseases, but also provided us with a deeper understanding of these diseases. Here, we reviewed the mechanisms of chimeric RNA formation and the utility of RNA sequencing for discovering chimeric RNAs in several types of cancer and rare inherited diseases. We also discussed the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic values of chimeric RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunan Sun
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Correspondence:
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6
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Luo Y, Du L, Yao Z, Liu F, Li K, Li F, Zhu J, Coppes RP, Zhang D, Pan Y, Gao S, Zhang H. Generation and Application of Inducible Chimeric RNA ASTN2-PAPPAas Knockin Mouse Model. Cells 2022; 11:277. [PMID: 35053393 PMCID: PMC8773765 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric RNAs (chiRNAs) play many previously unrecognized roles in different diseases including cancer. They can not only be used as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of various diseases but also serve as potential therapeutic targets. In order to better understand the roles of chiRNAs in pathogenesis, we inserted human sequences into mouse genome and established a knockin mouse model of the tamoxifen-inducible expression of ASTN2-PAPPA antisense chimeric RNA (A-PaschiRNA). Mice carrying the A-PaschiRNA knockin gene do not display any apparent abnormalities in growth, fertility, histological, hematopoietic, and biochemical indices. Using this model, we dissected the role of A-PaschiRNA in chemical carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO)-induced carcinogenesis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). To our knowledge, we are the first to generate a chiRNA knockin mouse model using the Cre-loxP system. The model could be used to explore the roles of chiRNA in pathogenesis and potential targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Luo
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine and Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Liang Du
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells &
- Systems, Section Molecular Cell Biology and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands
- Graduate School, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Zhimeng Yao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Fan Liu
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Kai Li
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Feifei Li
- Department of Oncology, People’s Hospital of Leshan, Leshan 614099, China;
| | - Jianlin Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Robert P. Coppes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells &
- Systems, Section Molecular Cell Biology and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dianzheng Zhang
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, 4170 City Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19131, USA
| | - Yunlong Pan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shegan Gao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, College of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Minister of Education Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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7
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Dong H, Du L, Cai S, Lin W, Chen C, Still M, Yao Z, Coppes RP, Pan Y, Zhang D, Gao S, Zhang H. Tyrosine Phosphatase PTPRO Deficiency in ERBB2-Positive Breast Cancer Contributes to Poor Prognosis and Lapatinib Resistance. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:838171. [PMID: 35431974 PMCID: PMC9010868 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.838171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the initial benefit from treating ERBB2-positive breast cancer with tyrosine kinase inhibitor lapatinib, resistance develops inevitably. Since the expression of protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor-type O (PTPRO), a member of the R3 subfamily of receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), is inversely correlated with the aggressiveness of multiple malignancies, we decided to explore the correlation between PTPRO and lapatinib resistance in ERBB2-positive breast cancer. Results of immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and the correlation analysis between the expression levels of PTPRO and the clinicopathological parameters indicate that PTPRO is downregulated in cancer tissues as compared with normal tissues and negatively associated with differentiation, tumor size, tumor depth, as well as the expression of ERBB2 and Ki67. Results from Kaplan-Meier analyses indicate that lower expression of PTPRO is correlated with shorter relapse-free survival for patients with ERBB2-positive breast cancer, and multivariable Cox regression analysis found that PTPRO can potentially serve as an independent prognostic indicator for ERBB2-positive breast cancer. Results from both human breast cancer cells with PTPRO knockdown or overexpression and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) which derived from Ptpro +/+ and Ptpro -/- mice with then stably transfected plasmid FUGW-Erbb2 consistently demonstrated the essentiality of PTPRO in the lapatinib-mediated anticancer process. Our findings suggest that PTPRO is not only able to serve as an independent prognostic indicator, but upregulating PTPRO can also reverse the lapatinib resistance of ERBB2-positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Dong
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Minister of Education Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Du
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Minister of Education Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, Section Molecular Cell Biology and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Graduate School, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Songwang Cai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wan Lin
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Chaoying Chen
- Graduate School, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College (Hunan Province Directly Affiliated TCM Hospital), Zhuzhou, China
| | - Matthew Still
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Zhimeng Yao
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Minister of Education Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Robert P. Coppes
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, Section Molecular Cell Biology and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Yunlong Pan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dianzheng Zhang
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Shegan Gao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Microbiome and Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital (College of Clinical Medicine) of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- *Correspondence: Hao Zhang, ; Shegan Gao,
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Minister of Education Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hao Zhang, ; Shegan Gao,
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8
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Liu Y, Hu X, Liu S, Zhou S, Chen Z, Jin H. Golgi Phosphoprotein 73: The Driver of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:783860. [PMID: 34950590 PMCID: PMC8688837 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.783860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Golgi phosphoprotein 73 (GP73, also termed as GOLM1 or GOLPH2) is a glycosylated protein residing on cis-Golgi cisternae and highly expressed in various types of cancer tissues. Since GP73 is a secretory protein and detectable in serum derived from cancer patients, it has been regarded as a novel serum biomarker for the diagnosis of different cancers, especially hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the functional roles of GP73 in cancer development are still poorly understood. In recent years, it has been discovered that GP73 acts as a multifunctional protein-facilitating cancer progression, and strikingly, it has been identified as a leading factor promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of cancer cells and causing cancer metastasis. In this review, we have overviewed the latest findings of the functional roles of GP73 in elevating cancer progression, especially in facilitating EMT and cancer metastasis through modulating expression, transactivation, and trafficking of EMT-related proteins. In addition, unsolved research fields of GP73 have been lightened, which might be helpful to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of GP73 on EMT and provide potential approaches in therapeutics against cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Liu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyang Hu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shiyao Liu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sining Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongchuan Jin
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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9
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Dong H, Xie C, Jiang Y, Li K, Lin Y, Pang X, Xiong X, Zheng J, Ke X, Chen Y, Li Y, Zhang H. Tumor-Derived Exosomal Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Receptor Type O Polarizes Macrophage to Suppress Breast Tumor Cell Invasion and Migration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:703537. [PMID: 34650968 PMCID: PMC8505750 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.703537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-derived exosomes, containing multiple nucleic acids and proteins, have been implicated to participate in the interaction between tumor cells and microenvironment. However, the functional involvement of phosphatases in tumor-derived exosomes is not fully understood. We and others previously demonstrated that protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type O (PTPRO) acts as a tumor suppressor in multiple cancer types. In addition, its role in tumor immune microenvironment remains elusive. Bioinformatical analyses revealed that PTPRO was closely associated with immune infiltration, and positively correlated to M1-like macrophages, but negatively correlated to M2-like macrophages in breast cancer tissues. Co-cultured with PTPRO-overexpressing breast cancer cells increased the proportion of M1-like tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) while decreased that of M2-like TAMs. Further, we observed that tumor-derived exosomal PTPRO induced M1-like macrophage polarization, and regulated the corresponding functional phenotypes. Moreover, tumor cell-derived exosomal PTPRO inhibited breast cancer cell invasion and migration, and inactivated STAT signaling in macrophages. Our data suggested that exosomal PTPRO inhibited breast cancer invasion and migration by modulating macrophage polarization. Anti-tumoral effect of exosomal PTPRO was mediated by inactivating STAT family in macrophages. These findings highlight a novel mechanism of tumor invasion regulated by tumor-derived exosomal tyrosine phosphatase, which is of translational potential for the therapeutic strategy against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Dong
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaoyu Xie
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuchen Jiang
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Li
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yusheng Lin
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Graduate School, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Xijiao Pang
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Xiong
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiehua Zheng
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Hernia Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Xiurong Ke
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Graduate School, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Laboratory for Translational Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Yexi Chen
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Hernia Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yong Li
- St George and Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Cancer Care Centre, St George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Mukherjee S, Heng HH, Frenkel-Morgenstern M. Emerging Role of Chimeric RNAs in Cell Plasticity and Adaptive Evolution of Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4328. [PMID: 34503137 PMCID: PMC8431553 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene fusions can give rise to somatic alterations in cancers. Fusion genes have the potential to create chimeric RNAs, which can generate the phenotypic diversity of cancer cells, and could be associated with novel molecular functions related to cancer cell survival and proliferation. The expression of chimeric RNAs in cancer cells might impact diverse cancer-related functions, including loss of apoptosis and cancer cell plasticity, and promote oncogenesis. Due to their recurrence in cancers and functional association with oncogenic processes, chimeric RNAs are considered biomarkers for cancer diagnosis. Several recent studies demonstrated that chimeric RNAs could lead to the generation of new functionality for the resistance of cancer cells against drug therapy. Therefore, targeting chimeric RNAs in drug resistance cancer could be useful for developing precision medicine. So, understanding the functional impact of chimeric RNAs in cancer cells from an evolutionary perspective will be helpful to elucidate cancer evolution, which could provide a new insight to design more effective therapies for cancer patients in a personalized manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Mukherjee
- Cancer Genomics and BioComputing of Complex Diseases Lab, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel;
| | - Henry H. Heng
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Milana Frenkel-Morgenstern
- Cancer Genomics and BioComputing of Complex Diseases Lab, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel;
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11
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Heydari R, Abdollahpour-Alitappeh M, Shekari F, Meyfour A. Emerging Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Biomarking the Gastrointestinal Diseases. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2021; 21:939-962. [PMID: 34308738 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2021.1954909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play an important role in cell-cell communication and regulation of various cellular functions under physiological and pathophysiological conditions through transferring their cargo to recipient cells. Molecular constituents of EVs are a fingerprinting profile of secreting cells which can be used as promising prognostic, diagnostic, and drug-response biomarkers in clinical settings. AREAS COVERED The present study provides a brief introduction about the biology of EVs and reviews methodologies used for EV isolation and characterization as well as high-throughput strategies to analyze EV contents. Furthermore, this review highlights the importance and unique role of EVs in the development and progression of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, especially GI cancers, and then discusses their potential use, particularly those isolated from body fluids, in diagnosis and prognosis of GI diseases. EXPERT OPINION In-depth analysis of EV content can lead to the identification of new potential biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis prediction of GI diseases. The use of a more targeted approach by establishing more reproducible and standardized methods to decrease variations and obtain desired EV population as well as revisiting large pools of identified biomarkers and their evaluation in larger patient cohorts can result in the introduction of more reliable biomarkers in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheleh Heydari
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Faezeh Shekari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product Technology Development Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anna Meyfour
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Wang L, Xiong X, Yao Z, Zhu J, Lin Y, Lin W, Li K, Xu X, Guo Y, Chen Y, Pan Y, Zhou F, Fan J, Chen Y, Gao S, Jim Yeung SC, Zhang H. Chimeric RNA ASTN2-PAPPA as aggravates tumor progression and metastasis in human esophageal cancer. Cancer Lett 2021; 501:1-11. [PMID: 33388371 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Transcription-induced chimeric RNAs are an emerging area of research into molecular signatures for disease biomarker and therapeutic target development. Despite their importance, little is known for chimeric RNAs-relevant roles and the underlying mechanisms for cancer pathogenesis and progression. Here we describe a unique ASTN2-PAPPAantisense chimeric RNA (A-PaschiRNA) that could be the first reported chimeric RNA derived from the splicing of exons and intron antisense of two neighboring genes, respectively. Aberrant A-PaschiRNA level in ESCC tissues was associated with tumor progression and patients' outcome. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that A-PaschiRNA aggravated ESCC metastasis and enhanced stemness through modulating OCT4. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that ERK5-mediated non-canonical PAF1 activity was required for A-PaschiRNA-induced cancer malignancy. The study defined an undocumented function of chimeric RNAs in aggravating cancer stemness and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao Xiong
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhimeng Yao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianlin Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yusheng Lin
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wan Lin
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaozheng Xu
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yi Guo
- Endoscopy Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuping Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunlong Pan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fuyou Zhou
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Anyang, Henan, 455001, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Anyang Tumor Hospital, Anyang, Henan, 455001, China
| | - Jun Fan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Shegan Gao
- College of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Luoyang, 471003, China.
| | - Sai-Ching Jim Yeung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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13
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Chen W, Cui W, Qiu Y, Cui D. Research Progress of Chimeric RNA and Health. Health (London) 2021. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2021.134036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Xiong X, Ke X, Wang L, Yao Z, Guo Y, Zhang X, Chen Y, Pang CP, Schally AV, Zhang H. Splice variant of growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor drives esophageal squamous cell carcinoma conferring a therapeutic target. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:6726-6732. [PMID: 32156725 PMCID: PMC7104313 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1913433117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The extrahypothalamic growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and its cognate receptors (GHRH-Rs) and splice variants are expressed in a variety of cancers. It has been shown that the pituitary type of GHRH-R (pGHRH-R) mediates the inhibition of tumor growth induced by GHRH-R antagonists. However, GHRH-R antagonists can also suppress some cancers that do not express pGHRH-R, yet the underlying mechanisms have not been determined. Here, using human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) as a model, we were able to reveal that SV1, a known splice variant of GHRH-R, is responsible for the inhibition induced by GHRH-R antagonist MIA-602. We demonstrated that GHRH-R splice variant 1 (SV1) is a hypoxia-driven promoter of tumor progression. Hypoxia-elevated SV1 activates a key glycolytic enzyme, muscle-type phosphofructokinase (PFKM), through the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway, which enhances glycolytic metabolism and promotes progression of ESCC. The malignant actions induced by the SV1-NF-κB-PFKM pathway could be reversed by MIA-602. Altogether, our studies demonstrate a mechanism by which GHRH-R antagonists target SV1. Our findings suggest that SV1 is a hypoxia-induced oncogenic promoter which can be an alternative target of GHRH-R antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xiong
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, Jinan University Medical College, 510632 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiurong Ke
- Department of Immunotherapy and Gastrointestinal Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 515041 Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Surgery, Translational Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, GZ 9713 Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, Jinan University Medical College, 510632 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhimeng Yao
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, Jinan University Medical College, 510632 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Immunotherapy and Gastrointestinal Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 515041 Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Endoscopy Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 515041 Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xianyang Zhang
- Endocrine, Polypeptide, and Cancer Institute, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL 33136
- South Florida Veterans Affairs Foundation for Research and Education, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL 33136
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Yuping Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 515041 Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chi Pui Pang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, 999077 Hong Kong, China
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center, Shantou University/Chinese University of Hong Kong, 515041 Shantou, China
| | - Andrew V Schally
- Endocrine, Polypeptide, and Cancer Institute, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL 33136;
- South Florida Veterans Affairs Foundation for Research and Education, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL 33136
- Department of Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China;
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, Jinan University Medical College, 510632 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 515041 Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 515041 Shantou, Guangdong, China
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15
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Abstract
Exosomes are considered as sources of disease biomarkers since they are stable carriers of genetic material and proteins. We recently demonstrated that chimeric RNA in exosomes derived from patient fluids can be detected and further used for disease diagnosis. Here we describe a systematic method to obtain exosomes from body fluids for detecting expression of specific chimeric RNA based on a RT-qPCR strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiurong Ke
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Laboratory for Translational Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Xiao Xiong
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yusheng Lin
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hao Zhang
- Institute of Precision Cancer and Pathology, Jinan University Medical College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Pathology, Jinan University Medical College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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16
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Lin Y, Dong H, Deng W, Lin W, Li K, Xiong X, Guo Y, Zhou F, Ma C, Chen Y, Ren H, Yang H, Dai N, Ma L, Meltzer SJ, Yeung SCJ, Zhang H. Evaluation of Salivary Exosomal Chimeric GOLM1-NAA35 RNA as a Potential Biomarker in Esophageal Carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:3035-3045. [PMID: 30745298 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-3169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Transcriptionally induced chimeric RNAs are an important emerging area of research into molecular signatures for biomarker and therapeutic target development. Salivary exosomes represent a relatively unexplored, but convenient, and noninvasive area of cancer biomarker discovery. However, the potential of cancer-derived exosomal chimeric RNAs in saliva as biomarkers is unknown. Here, we explore the potential clinical utility of salivary exosomal GOLM1-NAA35 chimeric RNA (seG-NchiRNA) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN In a retrospective study, the prognostic significance of G-NchiRNA was determined in ESCC tissues. The correlation between seG-NchiRNA and circulating exosomal or tumoral G-NchiRNA was ascertained in cultured cells and mice. In multiple prospective cohorts of patients with ESCC, seG-NchiRNA was measured by qRT-PCR and analyzed for diagnostic accuracy, longitudinal monitoring of treatment response, and prediction of progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS Exosomal G-NchiRNA was readily detectable in ESCC cells and nude mouse ESCC xenografts. SeG-NchiRNA levels reflected tumor burden in vivo and correlated with tumor G-NchiRNA levels. In prospective studies of a training cohort (n = 220) and a validation cohort (n = 102), seG-NchiRNA levels were substantially reduced after ESCC resection. Moreover, seG-NchiRNA was successfully used to evaluate chemoradiation responsiveness, as well as to detect disease progression earlier than imaging studies. Changes in seG-NchiRNA levels also predicted PFS of patients after chemoradiation. CONCLUSIONS SeG-NchiRNA constitutes an effective candidate noninvasive biomarker for the convenient, reliable assessment of therapeutic response, recurrence, and early detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng Lin
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, Jinan University Medical College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Immunotherapy and Gastrointestinal Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongmei Dong
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, Jinan University Medical College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pathology, Jinan University Medical College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weilun Deng
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wan Lin
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kai Li
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao Xiong
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Endoscopy Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fuyou Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Anyang Tumor Hospital, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Changchun Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuping Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongzheng Ren
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haijun Yang
- Department of Pathology, Anyang Tumor Hospital, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Ningtao Dai
- Department of Pathology, Anyang Tumor Hospital, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Lang Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Stephen J Meltzer
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sai-Ching J Yeung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Hao Zhang
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, Jinan University Medical College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Immunotherapy and Gastrointestinal Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pathology, Jinan University Medical College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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17
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Shafaee A, Pirayesh Islamian J, Zarei D, Mohammadi M, Nejati-Koshki K, Farajollahi A, Aghamiri SMR, Rahmati Yamchi M, Baradaran B, Asghari Jafarabadi M. Induction of Apoptosis by a Combination of 2-Deoxyglucose and Metformin in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Targeting Cancer Cell Metabolism. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019; 44:99-107. [PMID: 30936596 PMCID: PMC6423430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both mitochondrial dysfunction and aerobic glycolysis are signs of growing aggressive cancer. If altered metabolism of cancer cell is intended, using the glycolysis inhibitor (2-deoxyglucose (2DG)) would be a viable therapeutic method. The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), as a metabolic sensor, could be activated with metformin and it can also launch a p53-dependent metabolic checkpoint and might inhibit cancer cell growth. METHODS After treatment with 5 mM metformin and/or 500 µM 2DG, the TE1, TE8, and TE11 cellular viability and apoptosis were assessed by MTT, TUNEL, and ELISA methods. The changes in p53 and Bcl-2 genes expression levels were examined using real-time PCR method. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test using the SPSS 17.0 software. RESULTS Metformin and 2DG, alone and in combination, induced apoptosis in the cell lines. Real-time PCR revealed that metformin induced apoptosis in TE8 and TE11 cells by activating p53, down-regulating Bcl-2 expression. The induced apoptosis by 2DG raised by metformin and the combination modulated the expression of Bcl-2 protein in all cell lines and it was more effective in TE11 cell line. CONCLUSION Metformin induced apoptosis in ESCC by down-regulating Bcl-2 expression, and up-regulating p53 and induced apoptosis increased by 2-deoxy-d-glucose. Thus, the combination therapy is an effective therapeutic strategy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Shafaee
- Department of Radiology-Faculty of Paramedicine- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran;
| | - Jalil Pirayesh Islamian
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran;
| | - Davoud Zarei
- Department of Medical Radiation Science, School of Paramedicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;
| | - Mohsen Mohammadi
- Department of Medical Radiation Science, School of Paramedicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;
| | - Kazem Nejati-Koshki
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran;
| | - Alireza Farajollahi
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran;
| | - Seyed Mahmoud Reza Aghamiri
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Nuclear Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;
| | - Mohammad Rahmati Yamchi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran;
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran;
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18
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Identification of candidate neoantigens produced by fusion transcripts in human osteosarcomas. Sci Rep 2019; 9:358. [PMID: 30674975 PMCID: PMC6344567 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36840-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcomas are characterized by highly disrupted genomes. Although osteosarcomas lack common fusions, we find evidence of many tumour specific gene-gene fusion transcripts, likely due to chromosomal rearrangements and expression of transcription-induced chimeras. Most of the fusions result in out-of-frame transcripts, potentially capable of producing long novel protein sequences and a plethora of neoantigens. To identify fusions, we explored RNA-sequencing data to obtain detailed knowledge of transcribed fusions, by creating a novel program to compare fusions identified by deFuse to de novo transcripts generated by Trinity. This allowed us to confirm the deFuse results and identify unusual splicing patterns associated with fusion events. Using various existing tools combined with this custom program, we developed a pipeline for the identification of fusion transcripts applicable as targets for immunotherapy. In addition to identifying candidate neoantigens associated with fusions, we were able to use the pipeline to establish a method for measuring the frequency of fusion events, which correlated to patient outcome, as well as highlight some similarities between canine and human osteosarcomas. The results of this study of osteosarcomas underscores the numerous benefits associated with conducting a thorough analysis of fusion events within cancer samples.
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19
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Wang L, Li W, Li K, Guo Y, Liu D, Yao Z, Lin X, Li S, Jiang Z, Liu Q, Jiang Y, Zhang B, Chen L, Zhou F, Ren H, Lin D, Zhang D, Yeung SJ, Zhang H. The oncogenic roles of nuclear receptor coactivator 1 in human esophageal carcinoma. Cancer Med 2018; 7:5205-5216. [PMID: 30270520 PMCID: PMC6198200 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptor coactivator 1 (NCOA1) plays crucial roles in the regulation of gene expression mediated by a wide spectrum of steroid receptors such as androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptor α (ER α), and estrogen receptor β (ER β). Therefore, dysregulations of NCOA1 have been found in a variety of cancer types. However, the clinical relevance and the functional roles of NCOA1 in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) are less known. We found in this study that elevated levels of NCOA1 protein and/or mRNA as well as amplification of the NCOA1 gene occur in human ESCC. Elevated levels of NCOA1 due to these dysregulations were not only associated with more aggressive clinic-pathologic parameters but also poorer survival. Results from multiple cohorts of ESCC patients strongly suggest that the levels of NCOA1 could serve as an independent predictor of overall survival. In addition, silencing NCOA1 in ESCC cells remarkably decreased proliferation, migration, and invasion. These findings not only indicate that NCOA1 plays important roles in human ESCC but the levels of NCOA1 also could serve as a potential prognostic biomarker of ESCC and targeting NCOA1 could be an efficacious strategy in ESCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Department of Immunotherapy and Gastrointestinal OncologyAffiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdongChina
- Cancer Research CentreShantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdongChina
| | - Weiwei Li
- Cancer Research CentreShantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdongChina
| | - Kai Li
- Cancer Research CentreShantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdongChina
| | - Yi Guo
- Endoscopy CentreAffiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdongChina
| | - Ditian Liu
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryAffiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdongChina
| | - Zhimeng Yao
- Department of Immunotherapy and Gastrointestinal OncologyAffiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdongChina
- Cancer Research CentreShantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdongChina
| | - Xianjie Lin
- Department of Immunotherapy and Gastrointestinal OncologyAffiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdongChina
- Cancer Research CentreShantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdongChina
| | - Shujun Li
- Department of Thoracic SurgerySecond Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangHebeiChina
| | - Zuojie Jiang
- Cancer Research CentreShantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdongChina
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of PathologyThe First People's Hospital of FoshanFoshanGuangdongChina
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Immunotherapy and Gastrointestinal OncologyAffiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdongChina
| | - Beien Zhang
- Cancer Research CentreShantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdongChina
- Department of Science and EducationAffiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdongChina
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Immunotherapy and Gastrointestinal OncologyAffiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdongChina
| | - Fuyou Zhou
- Department of PathologyAnyang Tumour HospitalAnyangHenanChina
| | - Hongzheng Ren
- Cancer Research CentreShantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdongChina
| | - Danxia Lin
- Department of Breast OncologyAffiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdongChina
| | - Dianzheng Zhang
- Department of Bio‐Medical SciencesPhiladelphia College of Osteopathic MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | - Sai‐Ching Jim Yeung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal DisordersThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexas
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Immunotherapy and Gastrointestinal OncologyAffiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdongChina
- Cancer Research CentreShantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdongChina
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology and Department of PathologyJinan University Medical CollegeGuangzhouChina
- Tumor Tissue BankAffiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdongChina
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20
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Pintarelli G, Dassano A, Cotroneo CE, Galvan A, Noci S, Piazza R, Pirola A, Spinelli R, Incarbone M, Palleschi A, Rosso L, Santambrogio L, Dragani TA, Colombo F. Read-through transcripts in normal human lung parenchyma are down-regulated in lung adenocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 7:27889-98. [PMID: 27058892 PMCID: PMC5053695 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Read-through transcripts result from the continuous transcription of adjacent, similarly oriented genes, with the splicing out of the intergenic region. They have been found in several neoplastic and normal tissues, but their pathophysiological significance is unclear. We used high-throughput sequencing of cDNA fragments (RNA-Seq) to identify read-through transcripts in the non-involved lung tissue of 64 surgically treated lung adenocarcinoma patients. A total of 52 distinct read-through species was identified, with 24 patients having at least one read-through event, up to a maximum of 17 such transcripts in one patient. Sanger sequencing validated 28 of these transcripts and identified an additional 15, for a total of 43 distinct read-through events involving 35 gene pairs. Expression levels of 10 validated read-through transcripts were measured by quantitative PCR in pairs of matched non-involved lung tissue and lung adenocarcinoma tissue from 45 patients. Higher expression levels were observed in normal lung tissue than in the tumor counterpart, with median relative quantification ratios between normal and tumor varying from 1.90 to 7.78; the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001, Wilcoxon's signed-rank test for paired samples) for eight transcripts: ELAVL1–TIMM44, FAM162B–ZUFSP, IFNAR2–IL10RB, INMT–FAM188B, KIAA1841–C2orf74, NFATC3–PLA2G15, SIRPB1–SIRPD, and SHANK3–ACR. This report documents the presence of read-through transcripts in apparently normal lung tissue, with inter-individual differences in patterns and abundance. It also shows their down-regulation in tumors, suggesting that these chimeric transcripts may function as tumor suppressors in lung tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Pintarelli
- Department of Predictive and Prevention Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Dassano
- Department of Predictive and Prevention Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara E Cotroneo
- Department of Predictive and Prevention Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.,Present Address: UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Antonella Galvan
- Formerly, Department of Predictive and Prevention Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Noci
- Department of Predictive and Prevention Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Rocco Piazza
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,Hematology and Clinical Research Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pirola
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Roberta Spinelli
- Formerly, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Matteo Incarbone
- Department of Surgery, San Giuseppe Hospital, Multimedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Palleschi
- Department of Surgery, IRCCS Fondazione Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Rosso
- Department of Surgery, IRCCS Fondazione Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Santambrogio
- Department of Surgery, IRCCS Fondazione Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Tommaso A Dragani
- Department of Predictive and Prevention Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Colombo
- Department of Predictive and Prevention Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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21
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Dong H, Xu J, Li W, Gan J, Lin W, Ke J, Jiang J, Du L, Chen Y, Zhong X, Zhang D, Yeung SCJ, Li X, Zhang H. Reciprocal androgen receptor/interleukin-6 crosstalk drives oesophageal carcinoma progression and contributes to patient prognosis. J Pathol 2017; 241:448-462. [PMID: 27801498 DOI: 10.1002/path.4839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), a leading lethal malignancy of the digestive tract, is characterized by marked gender disparity. Clarifying the roles of the function and regulatory pathway of the androgen receptor (AR) will improve our understanding of oesophageal cancer progression, thereby facilitating the personalized management of ESCC. Here we report evidence to show that AR is a key mediator of inflammatory signals in ESCC cancer progression. High AR expression was associated with poor overall survival in tobacco-using ESCC patients but not in ESCC patients not using tobacco. A gain and loss of AR function enhanced and repressed ESCC cell growth, respectively, by altering cell cycle progression. In mice bearing human ESCC xenografts, silencing AR expression attenuated tumour growth, whereas AR overexpression promoted tumour growth in mice of different androgen statuses (male, female, and castrated male). Array assays revealed that the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL6) is a prominent AR target gene in ESCC. By directly binding to the IL6 promoter, AR enhances IL6 transcription, and IL6 can in turn activate AR expression, thus forming a reciprocal regulatory circuit to sustain STAT3 oncogenic signalling in ESCC. Moreover, high expression levels of both AR and IL6 in human ESCC predict poor clinical outcome in tobacco users. Together, these data establish that AR promotes ESCC growth and is associated with poor patient prognosis. The discovery of a positive feedback loop between IL6 and AR bridges the knowledge gaps among lifestyle factor-associated inflammation, gender disparity, and oesophageal carcinoma. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/mortality
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- Cohort Studies
- Disease Progression
- Esophageal Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Esophageal Neoplasms/genetics
- Esophageal Neoplasms/mortality
- Esophageal Neoplasms/pathology
- Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Heterografts
- Humans
- Interleukin-6/genetics
- Interleukin-6/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Prognosis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Androgen/genetics
- Receptors, Androgen/metabolism
- Receptors, Interleukin-6/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin-6/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Survival Analysis
- Nicotiana/adverse effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Dong
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jinjin Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jinfeng Gan
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Wan Lin
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jierong Ke
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jiali Jiang
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Liang Du
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yuping Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, PR China
| | - Xueyun Zhong
- Department of Pathology, Jinan University Medical College, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Dianzheng Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Center for Chronic Disorders of Aging, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Sai-Ching Jim Yeung
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xiaotao Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The Dan L Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hao Zhang
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China
- Department of Biotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, PR China
- Tumor Tissue Bank, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, PR China
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22
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Gan J, Ke X, Jiang J, Dong H, Yao Z, Lin Y, Lin W, Wu X, Yan S, Zhuang Y, Chu WK, Cai R, Zhang X, Cheung HS, Block NL, Pang CP, Schally AV, Zhang H. Growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor antagonists inhibit human gastric cancer through downregulation of PAK1-STAT3/NF-κB signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:14745-14750. [PMID: 27930339 PMCID: PMC5187693 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1618582114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) ranks as the fourth most frequent in incidence and second in mortality among all cancers worldwide. The development of effective treatment approaches is an urgent requirement. Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and GHRH receptor (GHRH-R) have been found to be present in a variety of tumoral tissues and cell lines. Therefore the inhibition of GHRH-R was proposed as a promising approach for the treatment of these cancers. However, little is known about GHRH-R and the relevant therapy in human GC. By survival analyses of multiple cohorts of GC patients, we identified that increased GHRH-R in tumor specimens correlates with poor survival and is an independent predictor of patient prognosis. We next showed that MIA-602, a highly potent GHRH-R antagonist, effectively inhibited GC growth in cultured cells. Further, this inhibitory effect was verified in multiple models of human GC cell lines xenografted into nude mice. Mechanistically, GHRH-R antagonists target GHRH-R and down-regulate the p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1)-mediated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) inflammatory pathway. Overall, our studies establish GHRH-R as a potential molecular target in human GC and suggest treatment with GHRH-R antagonist as a promising therapeutic intervention for this cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Gan
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Xiurong Ke
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Jiali Jiang
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Hongmei Dong
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Zhimeng Yao
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Yusheng Lin
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Wan Lin
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Xiao Wu
- Tumor Tissue Bank, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Shumei Yan
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yixuan Zhuang
- Tumor Tissue Bank, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Wai Kit Chu
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Renzhi Cai
- Endocrine, Polypeptide, and Cancer Institute, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL 33125
- South Florida Veterans Affairs Foundation for Research and Education, Miami, FL 33125
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Xianyang Zhang
- Endocrine, Polypeptide, and Cancer Institute, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL 33125
- South Florida Veterans Affairs Foundation for Research and Education, Miami, FL 33125
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Herman S Cheung
- Endocrine, Polypeptide, and Cancer Institute, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL 33125
- South Florida Veterans Affairs Foundation for Research and Education, Miami, FL 33125
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146
| | - Norman L Block
- Department of Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Chi Pui Pang
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center, Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Andrew V Schally
- Endocrine, Polypeptide, and Cancer Institute, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL 33125;
- South Florida Veterans Affairs Foundation for Research and Education, Miami, FL 33125
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136
- Department of Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Hao Zhang
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China;
- Tumor Tissue Bank, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Department of Biotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
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23
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Shrivastava MS, Hussain Z, Giricz O, Shenoy N, Polineni R, Maitra A, Verma A. Targeting chemokine pathways in esophageal adenocarcinoma. Cell Cycle 2015; 13:3320-7. [PMID: 25485576 DOI: 10.4161/15384101.2014.968426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is one of the fastest growing malignancies in the US and needs newer therapeutic and diagnostic strategies. Chronic inflammation plays a role in the pathogenesis of EAC and contributes to the dysplastic conversion of normal esophageal epithelium to Barrett's esophagus and frank adenocarcinoma. Chemokines play important roles in mediating inflammation and recent evidence implicates these ligands and their receptors in the development and spread of various tumors. We demonstrated that the chemokines IL8, CXCL1 and CXCL3 are significantly overexpressed during esophageal carcinogenesis and accompanied by amplification and demethylation of the chr4q21 gene locus. We also demonstrated that IL8 levels can be detected in serum of patients with EAC and can serve as potential biomarkers. We now demonstrate that inhibition of IL8 receptor, CXCR2, leads to decreased invasiveness of esophageal adenocarcinoma derived cells without affecting cellular proliferation. Taken together, these studies reveal the important roles that chemokines play in development of esophageal cancer and demonstrate that these pathways can serve as potential therapeutic targets.
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24
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Ning Z, Zhu H, Li F, Liu Q, Liu G, Tan T, Zhang B, Chen S, Li G, Huang D, Meltzer SJ, Zhang H. Tumor suppression by miR-31 in esophageal carcinoma is p21-dependent. Genes Cancer 2014; 5:436-44. [PMID: 25568668 PMCID: PMC4279440 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
microRNA regulation network is important for the cancer genetic heterogeneity. Relative to the increasing numbers of microRNA's targets identified, upstream regulatory mechanisms that control functional microRNAs are less well-documented. Here, we investigated the function of miR-31, a pleiotropically-acting microRNA, in esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC). We demonstrated that miR-31 only exerted tumor-suppressive effects in TE-7 ESCC cells, but not in TE-1 ESCC cells, although both of these cell lines harbor inactive p53. Interestingly, TE-1 cells highly expressed p21, while p21 levels were virtually undetectable in TE-7 cells, suggesting a p21-dependent mechanism of miR-31-mediated tumor suppression. Accordingly, knockdown of p21 in TE-1 cells reversed the tumor suppressive actions of miR-31. In patient ESCC specimens, real-time RT-PCR analysis revealed that expression of E2F2 and STK40, two known miR-31 target oncogenes, was negatively correlated with the expression of miR-31 in a p21-dependent manner, supporting the conclusion that miR-31 only downregulates its target oncogenes when p21 levels are low. Collectively, these data suggest a novel mechanism through which the tumor-suppressive effect of miR-31 is p21-dependent. In addition, we speculate that delivery of miR-31 could provide therapeutic benefit in the personalized management of a subgroup of ESCC patients with p21-deficient tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Ning
- Laboratory for Translational Oncology basic medicine college, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei province, China
- Department of Biotherapy and Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Feifei Li
- Department of Biotherapy and Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Biotherapy and Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Gefei Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Tan
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Shaobin Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guanwu Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongyang Huang
- Department of Cell Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Stephen J. Meltzer
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy and Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Tumor Tissue Bank, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
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25
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Feng Y, Ke C, Tang Q, Dong H, Zheng X, Lin W, Ke J, Huang J, Yeung SCJ, Zhang H. Metformin promotes autophagy and apoptosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by downregulating Stat3 signaling. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1088. [PMID: 24577086 PMCID: PMC3944271 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The antidiabetic drug metformin exerts chemopreventive and antineoplastic effects in many types of malignancies. However, the mechanisms responsible for metformin actions appear diverse and may differ in different types of cancer. Understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms specific for different cancers is important to optimize strategy for metformin treatment in different cancer types. Here, we investigate the in vitro and in vivo effects of metformin on esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells. Metformin selectively inhibited cell growth in ESCC tumor cells but not immortalized noncancerous esophageal epithelial cells. In addition to apoptosis, metformin triggered autophagy. Pharmacological or genetic inhibition of autophagy sensitized ESCC cells to metformin-induced apoptotic cell death. Mechanistically, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) and its downstream target Bcl-2 was inactivated by metformin treatment. Accordingly, small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated Stat3 knockdown enhanced metformin-induced autophagy and apoptosis, and concomitantly enhanced the inhibitory effect of metformin on cell viability. Similarly, the Bcl-2 proto-oncogene, an inhibitor of both apoptosis and autophagy, was repressed by metformin. Ectopic expression of Bcl-2 protected cells from metformin-mediated autophagy and apoptosis. In vivo, metformin downregulated Stat3 activity and Bcl-2 expression, induced apoptosis and autophagy, and inhibited tumor growth. Together, inactivation of Stat3-Bcl-2 pathway contributes to metformin-induced growth inhibition of ESCC by facilitating crosstalk between apoptosis and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Feng
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - C Ke
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Q Tang
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - H Dong
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - X Zheng
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - W Lin
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - J Ke
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - J Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - S-CJ Yeung
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - H Zhang
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Tumor Tissue Bank, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, China. Tel: +86 754 88900406; Fax: +86 754 88900406; E-mail:
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