Characteristics of prostate cancer detection rate (PCDR) in Chinese Han population under different prostate biopsy methods

Cancer statistics for young adults aged 20 to 49 years in China from 2000 to 2017: a population-based registry study

An increasing cancer incidence among adults younger than 50 years has been reported for several types of cancer in multiple countries. We aimed to report cancer profiles and trends among young adults in China. Data from the China Cancer Registry Annual Report were used to estimate incidence and mortality among young adults (ages 20-49 years) in China in 2017, and an age-period-cohort model was employed to estimate the average annual percent change (AAPC) in incidence and mortality from 2000 to 2017. All 25 cancer types were grouped into obesity- or overweight-associated cancers (12 cancer types) and additional cancers (13 cancer types). In 2017, there were 681,178 new cases and 214,591 cancer deaths among young adults in China. Among young adults, the most common cancers were thyroid, breast, cervical, liver, lung, and colorectal cancer, and the leading causes of cancer deaths were liver, lung, cervical, stomach, breast, and colorectal cancer. From 2000 to 2017, the cancer incidence increased for all cancers combined among young adults, with the highest AAPC (1.46%) for adults aged 20-24 years, while cancer mortality decreased, with the highest AAPC (-1.63%) for those aged 35-39 years. In conclusion, the cancer incidence in China has increased among young adults, while cancer mortality has decreased for nearly all ages. Cancer control measures, such as obesity control and appropriate screening, may contribute to reducing the increasing cancer burden among young adults.

Different Trends in the Incidence and Mortality Rates of Prostate Cancer Between China and the USA: A Joinpoint and Age-Period-Cohort Analysis

Purpose

This study used data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019) to determine the differences in the incidence and mortality of prostate cancer (PCa) between China and the USA from 1990 to 2019.

Method

The age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) and age-standardized death rates (ASDRs) in China and the USA from 1990 to 2019 were extracted from GBD 2019. Annual percentage changes and relative risks of ASIR and ASDR were calculated using joinpoint regression analysis and age-period-cohort models, respectively.

Results

The ASIR of PCa in China continually increased from 1990 to 2019, while in the USA it increased from 1990 to 1994 and then continually decreased until 2015, and then slightly increased again until 2019. The ASDR in China did not change, and the trend of ASDR in the USA was similar to the trend of the ASIR in the USA. The incidence of PCa increased with age in China, but decreased after the age of 75 years in the USA. A period effect was present, with the risk of developing PCa increasing continuously over longer time periods. Those born later had a lower risk of PCa or death, indicating a cohort effect.

Conclusion

PCa is becoming more problematic for Chinese males. Disease trends in the USA indicate that large-scale screening may be beneficial and should be immediately implemented among high-risk groups in China.

Long non-coding RNA NORAD induces cell proliferation and migration in prostate cancer

Objectives

Prostate cancer (PCA) is the deadliest urological disease affecting men worldwide. Long noncoding RNA activated by DNA damage (NORAD) levels are increased in many cancer types, and induce cancer cell progression. However, little is known about the biological functions of NORAD in PCA.

Methods

In this work, the roles of NORAD in cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis were examined by Cell Counting Kit-8, scratch wound, and annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide staining assays, respectively, in PCA cell lines. Knockdown of NORAD was achieved by small interfering (si)RNA in PCA cell lines, and quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of NORAD.

Results

Cell proliferation and migration rates were significantly lower in the siNORAD group than in the wild-type group, while the apoptosis level was significantly higher in the siNORAD group compared with the wild-type group.

Conclusions

These results suggest that NORAD promotes the proliferation and migration of PCA cells and inhibits their apoptosis.