1
|
Li A, Gao H, Wu H, Xie Y, Jia Z, Yang Z, Zhang Z, Zhang X. Genetic association and functional implications of TLR4 rs1927914 polymorphism on colon cancer risk. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:858. [PMID: 39026223 PMCID: PMC11256370 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12604-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colon cancer remains a major health concern worldwide, with genetic factors playing a crucial role in its development. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) has been implicated in various cancers, but their role in colon cancer is not well understood. This study aims to identify functional polymorphisms in the promoter and 3'UTR regions of TLRs and evaluate their association with colon cancer susceptibility. METHODS We conducted a case-control study involving 410 colon cancer patients and 410 healthy controls from the Chinese population. Genotyping of polymorphisms in TLR3, TLR4, TLR5 and TLR7 was performed using PCR-RFLP and TaqMan MGB probes. Using logistic regression analysis, we evaluated the association of TLRs polymorphisms and the susceptibility to colon cancer. To understand the biological implications of the TLR4 rs1927914 polymorphism, we conducted functional assays, including luciferase reporter assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). RESULTS Our results demonstrated that the G-allele of the TLR4 rs1927914 polymorphism is significantly associated with a decreased risk of colon cancer (OR = 0.68, 95%CI = 0.50-0.91). Stratified analysis showed that TLR4 rs1927914 AG or GG genotype contributed to a decreased risk of colon cancer among younger individuals (OR = 0.52, 95%CI = 0.34-0.81), males (OR = 0.58, 95%CI = 0.38-0.87), non-smokers (OR = 0.58, 95%CI = 0.41-0.83) and non-drinker with OR (95%CI) of 0.66 (0.46-0.93). Functional assays demonstrated that in HCT116 and LOVO colon cancer cells, the luciferase activity driven by the TLR4 promoter with the rs1927914A allele was 5.43 and 2.07 times higher, respectively, compared to that driven by the promoter containing the rs1927914G allele. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) results indicated that the rs1927914G allele enhanced transcription factor binding. Using the transcription factor prediction tool, we found that the G allele facilitates binding of the repressive transcription factor Oct1, while the A allele does not. CONCLUSION The TLR4 rs1927914 polymorphism influence the susceptibility to colon cancer, with the G allele offering a protective effect through modulation of gene expression. These insights enhance our understanding of the genetic determinants of colon cancer risk and highlight TLR4 as a promising target for cancer prevention strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ang Li
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, China
- College of Life Science, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety for Coal Industry, Tangshan, 063210, China
| | - Hui Gao
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, China
| | - Hongjiao Wu
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, China
| | - Yuning Xie
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, China
| | - Zhenxian Jia
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, China
| | - Zhenbang Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Affliated Tangshan Gongren Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063000, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, China.
- College of Life Science, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety for Coal Industry, Tangshan, 063210, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Feng Z, Chen G, Huang Y, Zhang K, Wu G, Xing W, Wu Y, Zhou Y, Sun C. TAK-242 inhibits glioblastoma invasion, migration, and proneural-mesenchymal transition by inhibiting TLR4 signaling. Exp Cell Res 2024; 439:114091. [PMID: 38740168 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.114091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Resatorvid (TAK-242), a small-molecule inhibitor of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), has the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In this study, we explored the role of TAK-242 on glioblastoma (GBM) invasion, migration, and proneural-mesenchymal transition (PMT). RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) data and full clinical information of glioma patients were downloaded from the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohorts and then analyzed using R language; patients were grouped based on proneural (PN) and mesenchymal (MES) subtypes. Bioinformatics analysis was used to detect the difference in survival and TLR4-pathway expression between these groups. Cell viability assay, wound-healing test, and transwell assay, as well as an intracranial xenotransplantation mice model, were used to assess the functional role of TAK-242 in GBM in vitro and in vivo. RNA-Seq, Western blot, and immunofluorescence were employed to investigate the possible mechanism. TLR4 expression in GBM was significantly higher than in normal brain tissue and upregulated the expression of MES marker genes. Moreover, TAK-242 inhibited GBM progression in vitro and in vivo via linking with PMT, which could be a novel treatment strategy for inhibiting GBM recurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zibin Feng
- Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, Suzhou 215006, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Guangliang Chen
- Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Yunfan Huang
- Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Guanzhang Wu
- Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Weixin Xing
- Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Youxin Zhou
- Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Chunming Sun
- Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, Suzhou 215006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Emami Meybodi SM, Moradi Moraddahande F, Dehghani Firoozabadi A. Immunogenic cell death mediated TLR3/4-activated MSCs in U87 GBM cell line. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29858. [PMID: 38698968 PMCID: PMC11064142 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive primary brain cancer with no promising curative therapies. It has been indicated that MSCs can interact with the tumour microenvironment (TME) through the secretion of soluble mediators regulating intercellular signalling within the TME. TLRs are a multigene family of pattern recognition receptors with evolutionarily conserved regions and are widely expressed in immune and other body cells. MSCs by TLRs can recognize conserved molecular components (DAPMPs and PAPMPs) and activate signalling pathways, which regulate immune and inflammatory responses. MSCs may exert immunomodulatory functions through interaction with their expressed toll-like receptors (TLRs) and exert a protective effect against tumour antigens. As an emerging approach, we aimed to monitor the U87 cell line growth, migration and death markers following specific TLR3/4-primed-MSCs-CMs treatment. Methods and results We investigated the phenotypic and functional outcomes of primed-CMs and glioma cell line co-culture following short-term, low-dose TLR3/4 priming. The gene expression profile of target genes, including apoptotic markers and related genes, was analyzed by qRT-PCR. MicroRNA-Seq examined the miRNA expression patterns, and flow cytometry evaluated the cell viability and cycle stages. The results showed significant changes in apoptosis and likely necroptosis-related markers following TLR3/4-primed-MSCs-CMs exposure in the glioma cell line. Notably, we observed a considerable induction of selective pro-apoptotic markers and both the early and late stages of apoptosis in treated U87 cell lines. Additionally, the migration rate of glioma cells significantly decreased following MSCs-CM treatment. Conclusion Our findings confirmed that the exposure of TLR3/4-activated-MSCs-CMs with glioma tumour cells possibly changes the immunogenicity of the tumour microenvironment and induces immunogenic programmed cell death. Our results can support the idea that TLR3/4-primed-MSCs can lead to innate immune-mediated cell death and modify tumour cell biology in invasive and metastatic cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mahdi Emami Meybodi
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Fateme Moradi Moraddahande
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Dehghani Firoozabadi
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sim J, Park J, Moon JS, Lim J. Dysregulation of inflammasome activation in glioma. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:239. [PMID: 37723542 PMCID: PMC10506313 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01255-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common brain tumors characterized by complicated heterogeneity. The genetic, molecular, and histological pathology of gliomas is characterized by high neuro-inflammation. The inflammatory microenvironment in the central nervous system (CNS) has been closely linked with inflammasomes that control the inflammatory response and coordinate innate host defenses. Dysregulation of the inflammasome causes an abnormal inflammatory response, leading to carcinogenesis in glioma. Because of the clinical importance of the various physiological properties of the inflammasome in glioma, the inflammasome has been suggested as a promising treatment target for glioma management. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on the contribution of the inflammasomes in glioma and therapeutic insights. Video Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- JeongMin Sim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Pocheon, 11160, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University College of Medicine, 59 Yatap-Ro, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam, 13496, Republic of Korea
| | - JeongMan Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Pocheon, 11160, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University College of Medicine, 59 Yatap-Ro, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam, 13496, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Seok Moon
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jaejoon Lim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Pocheon, 11160, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University College of Medicine, 59 Yatap-Ro, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam, 13496, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mazzio E, Barnes A, Badisa R, Council S, Soliman KFA. Plants against cancer: the immune-boosting herbal microbiome: not of the plant, but in the plant. Basic concepts, introduction, and future resource for vaccine adjuvant discovery. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1180084. [PMID: 37588095 PMCID: PMC10426289 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1180084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of microorganism communities (MOCs) comprised of bacteria, fungi, archaea, algae, protozoa, viruses, and the like, are ubiquitous in all living tissue, including plant and animal. MOCs play a significant role in establishing innate and acquired immunity, thereby influencing susceptibility and resistance to disease. This understanding has fostered substantial advancements in several fields such as agriculture, food science/safety, and the development of vaccines/adjuvants, which rely on administering inactivated-attenuated MOC pathogens. Historical evidence dating back to the 1800s, including reports by Drs Busch, Coley, and Fehleisen, suggested that acute febrile infection in response to "specific microbes" could trigger spontaneous tumor remission in humans. This discovery led to the purposeful administration of the same attenuated strains, known as "Coley's toxin," marking the onset of the first microbial (pathogen) associated molecular pattern (MAMPs or PAMPs)-based tumor immunotherapy, used clinically for over four decades. Today, these same MAMPS are consumed orally by billions of consumers around the globe, through "specific" mediums (immune boosting "herbal supplements") as carriers of highly concentrated MOCs accrued in roots, barks, hulls, sea algae, and seeds. The American Herbal Products Association (AHPA) mandates microbial reduction in botanical product processing but does not necessitate the removal of dead MAMP laden microbial debris, which we ingest. Moreover, while existing research has focused on the immune-modulating role of plant phytochemicals, the actual immune-boosting properties might instead reside solely in the plant's MOC MAMP laden biomass. This assertion is logical, considering that antigenic immune-provoking epitopes, not phytochemicals, are known to stimulate immune response. This review explores a neglected area of research regarding the immune-boosting effects of the herbal microbiome - a presence which is indirectly corroborated by various peripheral fields of study and poses a fundamental question: Given that food safety focuses on the elimination of harmful pathogens and crop science acknowledges the existence of plant microbiomes, what precisely are the immune effects of ingesting MAMPs of diverse structural composition and concentration, and where are these distributed in our botanicals? We will discuss the topic of concentrated edible MAMPs as acid and thermally stable motifs found in specific herbs and how these would activate cognate pattern recognition receptors (PPRs) in the upper gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), including Peyer's patches and the lamina propria, to boost antibody titers, CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, NK activity, hematopoiesis, and facilitating M2 to M1 macrophage phenotype transition in a similar manner as vaccines. This new knowledge could pave the way for developing bioreactor-grown/heat-inactivated MOC therapies to boost human immunity against infections and improve tumor surveillance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Mazzio
- Divison of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Florida A & M University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Andrew Barnes
- Divison of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Florida A & M University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Ramesh Badisa
- Divison of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Florida A & M University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Stevie Council
- John Gnabre Science Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Karam F. A. Soliman
- Divison of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Florida A & M University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ying J, Zhou H, Wang Z, You Q, Chen J, Lu H, Zhang J. Aspirin increases chemosensitivity of colorectal cancer cells and inhibits the expression of toll-like receptor 4. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:6. [PMID: 36647071 PMCID: PMC9843993 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02847-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemotherapy resistance is an important bottleneck affecting the efficacy of chemotherapy in colon cancer. Therefore, improving the chemotherapy sensitivity of colorectal cancer cells is of great significance for improving the prognosis of patients with colon cancer. METHODS CCK-8 assay was employed to examine the cell viability of colorectal cancer cell lines. Realtime-PCR and western blot were used to explore toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression in colorectal cancer cell lines. The functions of TLR4 in the stemness of the colorectal cancer cell lines were analyzed by infecting cells with lentivirus containing TLR4 siRNA. RESULTS We found that aspirin could effectively enhance the chemosensitivity of CT26 and HCT116 colorectal cancer cell lines. Aspirin can also inhibit the stemness of colorectal cancer cell including inhibiting the number of clone formation and reducing the volume and number of cell spheres and inducing the down-regulation of stemness-related genes. Besides that, aspirin also lead to down-regulation of TLR4 expression in colorectal cancer cells. The TLR4 positive colorectal cancer cells demonstrated a higher chemotherapy resistance potential than TLR4 negative colorectal cancer cells. In addition, the stemness of TLR4 positive colorectal cancer cells is stronger than TLR4 negative colorectal cancer cells. CONCLUSION The results of our study indicate that aspirin increases chemosensitivity of colorectal cancer cells and inhibits the expression of toll-like receptor 4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ying
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003 China
| | - Haiyang Zhou
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003 China
| | - Zhiguo Wang
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003 China
| | - Qing You
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junnan Chen
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003 China
| | - Hao Lu
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003 China
| | - Jian Zhang
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003 China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li J, Li X, Guo Q. Drug Resistance in Cancers: A Free Pass for Bullying. Cells 2022; 11:3383. [PMID: 36359776 PMCID: PMC9654341 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The cancer burden continues to grow globally, and drug resistance remains a substantial challenge in cancer therapy. It is well established that cancerous cells with clonal dysplasia generate the same carcinogenic lesions. Tumor cells pass on genetic templates to subsequent generations in evolutionary terms and exhibit drug resistance simply by accumulating genetic alterations. However, recent evidence has implied that tumor cells accumulate genetic alterations by progressively adapting. As a result, intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) is generated due to genetically distinct subclonal populations of cells coexisting. The genetic adaptive mechanisms of action of ITH include activating "cellular plasticity", through which tumor cells create a tumor-supportive microenvironment in which they can proliferate and cause increased damage. These highly plastic cells are located in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and undergo extreme changes to resist therapeutic drugs. Accordingly, the underlying mechanisms involved in drug resistance have been re-evaluated. Herein, we will reveal new themes emerging from initial studies of drug resistance and outline the findings regarding drug resistance from the perspective of the TME; the themes include exosomes, metabolic reprogramming, protein glycosylation and autophagy, and the relates studies aim to provide new targets and strategies for reversing drug resistance in cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Qie Guo
- The Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Widodo SS, Dinevska M, Furst LM, Stylli SS, Mantamadiotis T. IL-10 in glioma. Br J Cancer 2021; 125:1466-1476. [PMID: 34349251 PMCID: PMC8609023 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01515-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognosis for patients with glioblastoma (GBM), the most common and malignant type of primary brain tumour, is very poor, despite current standard treatments such as surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Moreover, the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment hinders the development of effective immunotherapies for GBM. Cytokines such as interleukin-10 (IL-10) play a major role in modulating the activity of infiltrating immune cells and tumour cells in GBM, predominantly conferring an immunosuppressive action; however, in some circumstances, IL-10 can have an immunostimulatory effect. Elucidating the function of IL-10 in GBM is necessary to better strategise and improve the efficacy of immunotherapy. This review discusses the immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive roles of IL-10 in the GBM tumour microenvironment while considering IL-10-targeted treatment strategies. The molecular mechanisms that underlie the expression of IL-10 in various cell types are also outlined, and how this resulting information might provide an avenue for the improvement of immunotherapy in GBM is explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel S. Widodo
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Marija Dinevska
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Liam M. Furst
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Stanley S. Stylli
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia ,grid.416153.40000 0004 0624 1200Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Theo Mantamadiotis
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.418025.a0000 0004 0606 5526Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Xun Y, Yang H, Kaminska B, You H. Toll-like receptors and toll-like receptor-targeted immunotherapy against glioma. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:176. [PMID: 34715891 PMCID: PMC8555307 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01191-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma represents a fast proliferating and highly invasive brain tumor which is resistant to current therapies and invariably recurs. Despite some advancements in anti-glioma therapies, patients’ prognosis remains poor. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) act as the first line of defense in the immune system being the detectors of those associated with bacteria, viruses, and danger signals. In the glioma microenvironment, TLRs are expressed on both immune and tumor cells, playing dual roles eliciting antitumoral (innate and adaptive immunity) and protumoral (cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and glioma stem cell maintenance) responses. Up to date, several TLR-targeting therapies have been developed aiming at glioma bulk and stem cells, infiltrating immune cells, the immune checkpoint axis, among others. While some TLR agonists exhibited survival benefit in clinical trials, it attracts more attention when they are involved in combinatorial treatment with radiation, chemotherapy, immune vaccination, and immune checkpoint inhibition in glioma treatment. TLR agonists can be used as immune modulators to enhance the efficacy of other treatment, to avoid dose accumulation, and what brings more interests is that they can potentiate immune checkpoint delayed resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade by upregulating PD-1/PD-L1 overexpression, thus unleash powerful antitumor responses when combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Herein, we focus on recent developments and clinical trials exploring TLR-based treatment to provide a picture of the relationship between TLR and glioma and their implications for immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xun
- Department of Basic Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Basic Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bozena Kaminska
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, No.78 Heng-Zhi-Gang Road, Yue Xiu District, Guangzhou, 510095, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hua You
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, No.78 Heng-Zhi-Gang Road, Yue Xiu District, Guangzhou, 510095, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Basheer AS, Abas F, Othman I, Naidu R. Role of Inflammatory Mediators, Macrophages, and Neutrophils in Glioma Maintenance and Progression: Mechanistic Understanding and Potential Therapeutic Applications. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13164226. [PMID: 34439380 PMCID: PMC8393628 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The tumor microenvironment is a complex network comprised of neoplastic and a variety of immune cells, proteins, and inflammatory mediators. Previous studies have shown that during cancer progression, diverse inflammatory molecules, either directly or indirectly via recruiting immune cells, support the process of carcinogenesis. The present review focuses on the mechanistic understanding of the oncogenic role of these inflammatory mediators and immune cells, particularly tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) in glioma maintenance and progression. Moreover, the potential therapeutic benefits of targeting inflammatory mediators, immune cells, and associated signaling pathways in glioma genesis have also been discussed. Abstract Gliomas are the most common, highly malignant, and deadliest forms of brain tumors. These intra-cranial solid tumors are comprised of both cancerous and non-cancerous cells, which contribute to tumor development, progression, and resistance to the therapeutic regimen. A variety of soluble inflammatory mediators (e.g., cytokines, chemokines, and chemotactic factors) are secreted by these cells, which help in creating an inflammatory microenvironment and contribute to the various stages of cancer development, maintenance, and progression. The major tumor infiltrating immune cells of the tumor microenvironment include TAMs and TANs, which are either recruited peripherally or present as brain-resident macrophages (microglia) and support stroma for cancer cell expansion and invasion. These cells are highly plastic in nature and can be polarized into different phenotypes depending upon different types of stimuli. During neuroinflammation, glioma cells interact with TAMs and TANs, facilitating tumor cell proliferation, survival, and migration. Targeting inflammatory mediators along with the reprogramming of TAMs and TANs could be of great importance in glioma treatment and may delay disease progression. In addition, an inhibition of the key signaling pathways such as NF-κB, JAK/STAT, MAPK, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, and TLRs, which are activated during neuroinflammation and have an oncogenic role in glioblastoma (GBM), can exert more pronounced anti-glioma effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Samad Basheer
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia; (A.S.B.); (I.O.)
| | - Faridah Abas
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 434000, Malaysia
| | - Iekhsan Othman
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia; (A.S.B.); (I.O.)
| | - Rakesh Naidu
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia; (A.S.B.); (I.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-3-5514-6345
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gao K, Wang T, Qiao Y, Cui B. miR-23b-5p promotes the chemosensitivity of temozolomide via negatively regulating TLR4 in glioma. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2021; 53:979-987. [PMID: 34110366 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmab066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common malignancy in the brain, with poor survival and often highly resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Temozolomide (TMZ) is an alkylating agent widely used for glioma treatment. However, resistance to TMZ results in treatment failure, while the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Mounting evidence suggests that dysregulated microRNA (miRNA) expression plays a critical function in glioma development and resistance to TMZ treatment. In this study, we found that miR-23b-5p was downregulated in glioma tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of miR-23b-5p inhibited cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis in glioma cells, while miR-23b-5p enhanced the chemosensitivity of TMZ in glioma cells. Furthermore, we identified that Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a direct target of miR-23b-5p in glioma cells. Knockdown of TLR4 suppressed cell proliferation and enhanced cell apoptosis and promoted chemosensitivity to TMZ treatment in glioma cells. In addition, we demonstrated that overexpression of TLR4 abrogated the regulatory function of miR-23b-5p in glioma cells on cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, and the chemosensitivity of TMZ treatment. In summary, our data suggest that miR-23b-5p promotes the chemosensitivity of TMZ via negatively regulating TLR4 in glioma, which provides a new therapeutic strategy for TMZ-resistant glioma treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Tuo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Yuan Qiao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an 710068, China
| | - Bo Cui
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
da Cruz LLP, de Souza PO, Dal Prá M, Falchetti M, de Abreu AM, Azambuja JH, Bertoni APS, Paz AHR, Araújo AB, Visioli F, Fazolo T, da Silva GG, Worm PV, Wink MR, Zanotto-Filho A, Braganhol E. TLR4 expression and functionality are downregulated in glioblastoma cells and in tumor-associated macrophages: A new mechanism of immune evasion? Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166155. [PMID: 33932524 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is the most common and aggressive form of primary brain tumor, in which the presence of an inflammatory environment, composed mainly by tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), is related to its progression and development of chemoresistance. Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) are key components of the innate immune system and their expression in both tumor and immune-associated cells may impact the cell communication in the tumor microenvironment (TME), further modeling cancer growth and response to therapy. Here, we investigated the participation of TLR4-mediated signaling as a mechanism of induced-immune escape in GB. Initially, bioinformatics analysis of public datasets revealed that TLR4 expression is lower in GB tumors when compared to astrocytomas (AST), and in a subset of TAMs. Further, we confirmed that TLR4 expression is downregulated in chemoresistant GB, as well as in macrophages co-cultured with GB cells. Additionally, TLR4 function is impaired in those cells even following stimulation with LPS, an agonist of TLR4. Finally, experiments performed in a cohort of clinical primary and metastatic brain tumors indicated that the immunostaining of TLR4 and CD45 are inversely proportional, and confirmed the low TLR4 expression in GBs. Interestingly, the cytoplasmic/nuclear pattern of TLR4 staining in cancer tissues suggests additional roles of this receptor in carcinogenesis. Overall, our data suggest the downregulation of TLR4 expression and activity as a strategy for GB-associated immune escape. Additional studies are necessary to better understand TLR4 signaling in TME in order to improve the benefits of immunotherapy based on TLR signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L L P da Cruz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - P O de Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - M Dal Prá
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - M Falchetti
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - A M de Abreu
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - J H Azambuja
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - A P S Bertoni
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - A H R Paz
- Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - A B Araújo
- Centro de Processamento Celular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - F Visioli
- Faculdade de Odontologia, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - T Fazolo
- Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - G G da Silva
- Hospital São José, Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre (ISCMPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - P V Worm
- Hospital São José, Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre (ISCMPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Cirurgia, UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - M R Wink
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - A Zanotto-Filho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - E Braganhol
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul/Fundação Universitária do Instituto de Cardiologia (IC-FUC), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jiang X, Yuan J, Dou Y, Zeng D, Xiao S. Lipopolysaccharide Affects the Proliferation and Glucose Metabolism of Cervical Cancer Cells Through the FRA1/MDM2/p53 Pathway. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:1030-1038. [PMID: 33456361 PMCID: PMC7807182 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.47360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have found that LPS and FRA1 play opposite roles in cervical cancer. In addition, LPS functions by regulating the expression of FRA1 in many disease models, but there is currently no study of their relationship in the energy metabolism of tumor cells. This study, therefore, investigates the effects of LPS on FRA1-mediated glucose metabolism and the possible mechanisms it may have in cervical cancer cells. We constructed FRA1 stable overexpressing/ empty vector cervical cancer cell lines, where glucose consumption, the level of lactic acid production and the expression of energy metabolism related molecules were detected under the stimulation of LPS. At the same time, the changes in proliferation ability of cervical cancer cells were detected. We discovered that LPS promotes glucose consumption, lactic acid production, pentose phosphate bypass, and inhibits aerobic oxidation, by inhibiting the expression of FRA1; and that LPS promotes the growth of cervical cancer cells. Our results indicate that LPS affects the proliferation and glucose metabolism of cervical cancer cells through the FRA1/MDM2/p53 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Jiang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
- Department of Obstetrics, The People's Hospital of Qijiang District, Chongqing 401420, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Yingyu Dou
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Da Zeng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Songshu Xiao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Angrini M, Varthaman A, Cremer I. Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) in the Tumor Microenvironment (TME): A Dragon-Like Weapon in a Non-fantasy Game of Thrones. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1263:145-173. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-44518-8_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
15
|
Litak J, Grochowski C, Litak J, Osuchowska I, Gosik K, Radzikowska E, Kamieniak P, Rolinski J. TLR-4 Signaling vs. Immune Checkpoints, miRNAs Molecules, Cancer Stem Cells, and Wingless-Signaling Interplay in Glioblastoma Multiforme-Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093114. [PMID: 32354122 PMCID: PMC7247696 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like-receptor (TLR) family members were detected in the central nervous system (CNS). TLR occurrence was noticed and widely described in glioblastomamultiforme (GBM) cells. After ligand attachment, TLR-4 reorients domains and dimerizes, activates an intracellular cascade, and promotes further cytoplasmatic signaling. There is evidence pointing at a strong relation between TLR-4 signaling and micro ribonucleic acid (miRNA) expression. The TLR-4/miRNA interplay changes typical signaling and encourages them to be a target for modern immunotherapy. TLR-4 agonists initiate signaling and promote programmed death ligand-1 (PD-1L) expression. Most of those molecules are intensively expressed in the GBM microenvironment, resulting in the autocrine induction of regional immunosuppression. Another potential target for immunotreatment is connected with limited TLR-4 signaling that promotes Wnt/DKK-3/claudine-5 signaling, resulting in a limitation of GBM invasiveness. Interestingly, TLR-4 expression results in bordering proliferative trends in cancer stem cells (CSC) and GBM. All of these potential targets could bring new hope for patients suffering from this incurable disease. Clinical trials concerning TLR-4 signaling inhibition/promotion in many cancers are recruiting patients. There is still a lot to do in the field of GBM immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Litak
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Cezary Grochowski
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
- Laboratory of Virtual Man, Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Joanna Litak
- St. John‘s Cancer Center in Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ida Osuchowska
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Gosik
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Piotr Kamieniak
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jacek Rolinski
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cheng CD, Dong YF, Niu WX, Niu CS. HAUSP promoted the growth of glioma cells in vitro and in vivo via stabilizing NANOG. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:152883. [PMID: 32088087 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.152883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role and mechanisms of HAUSP (Herpesvirus Associated Ubiquitin Specific Protease) and NANOG in pathogenesis of malignant human gliomas progression. METHODS Lentivirus-mediated HAUSP over-expression and RNAiHAUSP mediated HAUSP down-regulation were established in the glioma cells (U87 and U251 cell lines). Firstly, Real-time qPCR, western-blot (WB) and immunofluorescence staining were performed to detect mRNA levels, protein expressions and deposition of HAUSP and NANOG in the glioma cells, respectively. Then cell proliferation, invasion, apoptosis and xenograft tumor growth in nude mice were assessed by using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, transwell assay, flow cytometry (FCM) and Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) staining. RESULTS We first demonstrated HAUSP was significantly increased in lentivirus- mediated HAUSP over-expression cells compared to the Control group. HAUSP over-expression could upregulate genes involved in proliferation and invasion such as NANOG. However, the mRNA of NANOG had no significant changes. Similarly, in RNAiHAUSP mediated HAUSP down-regulation group, HAUSP were significantly decreased compared to the Control group. Simultaneously, NANOG protein were decreased significantly, which decreased the proliferation and invasion, increased the apoptosis rate of glioma cells. Finally, low expression of HAUSP could suppress xenograft tumors growth in nude mice in different periods. CONCLUSION This study revealed that HAUSP-NANOG pathway is a key target to inhibit glioma cells proliferation, and NANOG play important role in the formation and evolution of glioma cells. The regulation of HAUSP could change the biological activity of glioma cells through regulate NANOG expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Dong Cheng
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230036, PR China; Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230036, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Brain Disease, Hefei, Anhui 230031, PR China
| | - Yong-Fei Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230036, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Brain Disease, Hefei, Anhui 230031, PR China
| | - Wan-Xiang Niu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230036, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Brain Disease, Hefei, Anhui 230031, PR China
| | - Chao-Shi Niu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230036, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Brain Disease, Hefei, Anhui 230031, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zandi Z, Kashani B, Bashash D, Poursani EM, Mousavi SA, Chahardoli B, Ghaffari SH. The anticancer effect of the TLR4 inhibition using TAK‐242 (resatorvid) either as a single agent or in combination with chemotherapy: A novel therapeutic potential for breast cancer. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:1623-1634. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Zandi
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, School of Medicine, Shariati Hospital Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Bahareh Kashani
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, School of Medicine, Shariati Hospital Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Ensieh M. Poursani
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, School of Medicine, Shariati Hospital Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Seyed A. Mousavi
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, School of Medicine, Shariati Hospital Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Bahram Chahardoli
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, School of Medicine, Shariati Hospital Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Seyed H. Ghaffari
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, School of Medicine, Shariati Hospital Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zang L, Wang J, Ren Y, Liu W, Yu Y, Zhao S, Otkur W, Zhao Y, Hayashi T, Tashiro SI, Onodera S, Ikejima T. Activated toll-like receptor 4 is involved in oridonin-induced phagocytosis via promotion of migration and autophagy-lysosome pathway in RAW264.7 macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 66:99-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
19
|
Abstract
Oxidative stress is one of the key mechanisms of sepsis related organ dysfunction including stress hyperglycemia. Silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1) could regulate glucose metabolism through its deacetylase activity. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of SIRT1/forkhead box protein 1 (FoxO1) pathway on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced INS-1 cells dysfunction from aspects of oxidative stress and apoptosis. After being treated with 1 mg/L LPS together with or without SIRT1 activator resveratrol (RSV) or SIRT1 inhibitor EX527, cell viability, ROS generation, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide, insulin secretion, and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in INS-1 cells were measured by specific assays. Protein expression of SIRT1, FoxO1, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and acetylated FoxO1 (ac-FoxO1) were detected by western blot analysis. Nuclear and cytoplasmic protein was extracted respectively to analyze SIRT1 and FoxO1 redistribution. Mitochondrial potentials and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry or observed under fluorescence microscope. Results showed that LPS decreased cell viability and insulin secretion, increased ROS, MDA, and superoxide generation, whereas inhibited SOD activity and FoxO1 nuclear transportation. Activation of SIRT1 by RSV down-regulated TLR4 expression, SIRT1 and FoxO1 nuclear protein expression increased after RSV pretreatment. Additionally, LPS induced decreased mitochondrial membrane potentials and structural abnormalities, which could be partially reversed by RSV. SIRT1/FoxO1 may be one of potential targets which could resist against LPS-induced INS-1 cells from oxidative stress damage and mitochondrial dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Mo
- a Department of Emergency , Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Xiao Wang
- a Department of Emergency , Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Qinmin Ge
- a Department of Emergency , Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Fan Bian
- b Department of Nephrology , Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jiang Y, Zhou J, Luo P, Gao H, Ma Y, Chen YS, Li L, Zou D, Zhang Y, Jing Z. Prosaposin promotes the proliferation and tumorigenesis of glioma through toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway. EBioMedicine 2018; 37:78-90. [PMID: 30385233 PMCID: PMC6286187 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background As a neurotrophic factor, prosaposin (PSAP) can exert neuroprotective and neurotrophic effects. It is involved in the occurrence and development of prostate and breast cancer. However, there is no research about the role of PSAP in glioma. Methods The PSAP overexpressed or silenced glioma cells or glioma stem cells were established based on Lentiviral vector transfection. Cell viability assay, Edu assay, neurosphere formation assay and xenograft experiments were used to detect the proliferative ability. Western blot, Elisa and luciferase reporter assays were used to detect the possible mechanism. Findings Our study firstly found that PSAP was highly expressed and secreted in clinical glioma specimens, glioma stem cells, and glioma cell lines. It was associated with poor prognosis. We found that PSAP significantly promoted the proliferation of glioma stem cells and cell lines. Moreover, PSAP promoted tumorigenesis in subcutaneous and orthotopic models of this disease. Furthermore, GSEA and KEGG analysis predicted that PSAP acts through the TLR4 and NF-κB signaling pathways, which was confirmed by western blot, immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, and use of the TLR4-specific inhibitor TAK-242. Interpretation The findings of this study suggest that PSAP can promote glioma cell proliferation via the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and may be an important target for glioma treatment. Fund This work was funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 81101917, 81270036, 81201802, 81673025), Program for Liaoning Excellent Talents in University (No. LR2014023), and Liaoning Province Natural Science Foundation (Nos. 20170541022, 20172250290). The funders did not play a role in manuscript design, data collection, data analysis, interpretation nor writing of the manuscript.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, NO.155, North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang City 110001, China
| | - Jinpeng Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, NO.155, North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang City 110001, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, NO.155, North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang City 110001, China
| | - Huiling Gao
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanju Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110042, China
| | - Yin-Sheng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, SunYat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Long Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, NO.155, North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang City 110001, China
| | - Dan Zou
- The First laboratory of cancer institute, The First Hospital of China Medical University, NO.155, North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang City 110001, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- The First laboratory of cancer institute, The First Hospital of China Medical University, NO.155, North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang City 110001, China.
| | - Zhitao Jing
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, NO.155, North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang City 110001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Moretti IF, Franco DG, de Almeida Galatro TF, Oba-Shinjo SM, Marie SKN. Plasmatic membrane toll-like receptor expressions in human astrocytomas. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199211. [PMID: 29912993 PMCID: PMC6005538 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the first to identify disturbances in the immune system, recognizing pathogens such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Since the inflammation process plays an important role in several diseases, TLRs have been considered potential therapeutic targets, including treatment for cancer. However, TLRs’ role in cancer remains ambiguous. This study aims to analyze the expression levels of plasmatic cell membrane TLRs (TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, and TLR6) in human astrocytomas the most prevalent tumors of CNS different grades (II-IV). We demonstrated that TLR expressions were higher in astrocytoma samples compared to non-neoplastic brain tissue. The gene and protein expressions were observed in GBM cell lines U87MG and A172, proving their presence in the tumor cells. Associated expressions between the known heterodimers TLR1-TLR2 were found in all astrocytoma grades. In GBMs, the mesenchymal subtype showed higher levels of TLR expressions in relation to classical and proneural subtypes. A strong association of TLRs with the activation of cell cycle process and signaling through canonical, inflammasome and ripoptosome pathways was observed by in silico analysis, further highlighting TLRs as interesting targets for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabele Fattori Moretti
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology (LIM 15), Department of Neurology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brasil
- * E-mail:
| | - Daiane Gil Franco
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology (LIM 15), Department of Neurology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brasil
| | - Thais Fernanda de Almeida Galatro
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology (LIM 15), Department of Neurology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brasil
| | - Sueli Mieko Oba-Shinjo
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology (LIM 15), Department of Neurology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brasil
| | - Suely Kazue Nagahashi Marie
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology (LIM 15), Department of Neurology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang Z, Yu G, Liu Z, Zhu J, Chen C, Liu RE, Xu R. Paeoniflorin inhibits glioblastoma growth in vivo and in vitro: a role for the Triad3A-dependent ubiquitin proteasome pathway in TLR4 degradation. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:887-897. [PMID: 29740218 PMCID: PMC5931203 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s160292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Paeoniflorin, a polyphenolic compound derived from Radix Paeoniae Alba (Paeonia lactiflora), has exhibited anticancer activity in various human cancers, including glioblastoma. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of this compound have not been fully elucidated. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) plays an important role in the regulation of cancer cell proliferation and progression, and high TLR4 expression in glioblastoma specimens is associated with a poor prognosis. The present study aimed to investigate whether paeoniflorin suppresses glioblastoma via inhibition of TLR4 expression. Methods CCK-8 experiments and clone formation assay were performed to detect the cell proliferation. Western blotting was used to analyze protein expression levels. Detection of Triad3A binding with TLR4 was assessed by the immunoprecipitation. Orthotopic xenograft mouse model was used to evaluate the effect of paeoniflorin in vivo. MST was used to analyze the interaction between paeoniflorin and TLR4 protein. Results In our study, we found that paeoniflorin effectively inhibited glioblastoma growth and suppressed TLR4 protein levels, as well its downstream effectors both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, when overexpressed TLR4 in glioblastoma abolished the effects of paeoniflorin on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Furthermore, we found that paeoniflorin decreased TLR4 protein through ubiquitination proteasome pathway (UPP)-mediated degradation in glioblastoma cells. Mechanistically, paeoniflorin promoted Triad3A to conjugate with TLR4, resulting in degradation. In addition, Triad3A-shRNA abolished paeoniflorin-enhanced UPP-mediated TLR4 degradation. Finally, we found that paeoniflorin could directly bind with TLR4 protein as assessed by MST assay. Conclusion Our study is the first to identify a novel mechanism for the antitumor activity of paeoniflorin, specifically: it decreases tumor growth by directly targeting TLR4 and modulating the TLR4/Triad3A-dependent axis, leading to TLR4 protein degradation and inhibition of glioblastoma cell progression in vitro and in vivo. Our current findings indicate that paeoniflorin is a potential glioblastoma therapeutic agent due to its Triad3A-dependent ubiquitin degradation of TLR4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaotao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Bayi Brain Hospital, General Army Hospital, Southern Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guoyong Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianwei Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Bayi Brain Hospital, General Army Hospital, Southern Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ru-En Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruxiang Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Bayi Brain Hospital, General Army Hospital, Southern Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
NFκB activation in differentiating glioblastoma stem-like cells is promoted by hyaluronic acid signaling through TLR4. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6341. [PMID: 29679017 PMCID: PMC5910430 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24444-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously described that the NFκB pathway is upregulated during differentiation of glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs) which keeps differentiating GSCs in a proliferative astrocytic precursor state. However, extracellular signals and cellular mediators of this pathway are not clear yet. Here, we show that TLR4 is a key factor to promote NFκB activation in differentiating GSCs. TLR4 is upregulated during differentiation of GSCs and promotes transcriptional activation of NFκB as determined by luciferase-reporter assays and expression of NFκB target genes. Downregulation of TLR4 by shRNAs or blockade with anti-TLR4 specific antibodies drastically inhibited NFκB activity which promoted further differentiation and reduced proliferation of GSCs. We found that hyaluronic acid (HA), a main component of brain extracellular matrix, triggers the TLR4-NFκB pathway in differentiating GSCs. Moreover, HA is synthesized and released by GSCs undergoing differentiation and leads to transcriptional activation of NFκB, which is inhibited following downregulation of TLR4 or blockade of HA synthesis. Thus, we have demonstrated that during the process of differentiation, GSCs upregulate TLR4 and release the TLR4 ligand HA, which activates the TLR4-NFκB signaling pathway. This strategy may efficiently be used by differentiating GSCs to maintain their proliferative potential and consequently their tumorigenic capacity.
Collapse
|
24
|
Ghosh SS, He H, Wang J, Gehr TW, Ghosh S. Curcumin-mediated regulation of intestinal barrier function: The mechanism underlying its beneficial effects. Tissue Barriers 2018; 6:e1425085. [PMID: 29420166 PMCID: PMC5823546 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2018.1425085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-proliferative properties established largely by in vitro studies. Accordingly, oral administration of curcumin beneficially modulates many diseases including diabetes, fatty-liver disease, atherosclerosis, arthritis, cancer and neurological disorders such as depression, Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease. However, limited bioavailability and inability to detect curcumin in circulation or target tissues has hindered the validation of a causal role. We established curcumin-mediated decrease in the release of gut bacteria-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into circulation by maintaining the integrity of the intestinal barrier function as the mechanism underlying the attenuation of metabolic diseases (diabetes, atherosclerosis, kidney disease) by curcumin supplementation precluding the need for curcumin absorption. In view of the causative role of circulating LPS and resulting chronic inflammation in the development of diseases listed above, this review summarizes the mechanism by which curcumin affects the several layers of the intestinal barrier and, despite negligible absorption, can beneficially modulate these diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha S. Ghosh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, VA
| | - Hongliang He
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, VA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, VA
| | - Todd W. Gehr
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, VA
| | - Shobha Ghosh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, VA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ding L, Jiang Q, Li G, Shen J, Du J, Lu X, Xiong X. Comprehensive assessment of association between TLR4 gene polymorphisms and cancer risk: a systematic meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:100593-100602. [PMID: 29246004 PMCID: PMC5725046 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have explored the association between toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) polymorphisms and risk of various cancers, but the results remained controversial. To obtain an assessment of the effect of TLR4 polymorphisms (rs4986790, rs4986791 and rs11536889) on cancer risk, fifty-five articles (containing 20107 cases and 28244 controls) were recruited for meta-analysis. Our result indicated that two Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP) in TLR4 were associated with decreased cancer risk for rs4986791: OR = 0.764, 95% CI: 0.652-0.894, P = 0.001 in allele model; OR = 0.769, 95%CI: 0.650-0.909, P = 0.002 in recessive model; OR = 0.505, 95% CI: 0.352-0.726, P = 0.000 in dominant model; for 11536889: OR = 0.927, 95% CI: 0.872–0.984, P = 0.013 in allele model; OR = 0.926, 95% CI: 0.862–0.944,P = 0.034 in recessive model. In terms of subgroup analyses sorted by ethnicity, only polymorphism of rs4986791 had a significant influence on decrease of cancer risk among both Caucasian and Asian populations. The findings suggested that TLR4 polymorphisms may serve as a genetic risk factor for cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Ding
- Department of Medical Informatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Qifeng Jiang
- Department of Medical Informatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Guang Li
- Department of Medical Informatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jia Shen
- Department of Medical Informatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jiayin Du
- Department of Medical Informatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiaochen Lu
- Department of Medical Informatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xingliang Xiong
- Department of Medical Informatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| |
Collapse
|