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Santos LZADA, Menezes-Júnior LAAD, Freitas SND, Pimenta FAP, Machado-Coelho GLL, Oliveira FLPD, Neto RMDN, Turbino-Ribeiro SML. Vitamin D deficiency and hyperglycemia in male rotating shift workers: A disturbed circadian rhythms influence. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 57:258-265. [PMID: 37739666 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shift work is related to several negative impacts on the health of workers. This study aimed to evaluate the association between vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and hyperglycemia in shift workers. METHODOLOGY This cross-sectional study included male rotating shift workers in an iron ore extraction company. Participants were classified as VDD when 25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL for a healthy population and 25(OH)D < 30 ng/mL for groups at risk for VDD. Hyperglycemia was classified when fasting glucose ≥100 mg/dL or HbA1c ≥ 5.7%. Data were compared using chi-square analysis with Cramer's V as effect size, and Bonferroni correction. Multivariate logistic regression, from a model of determination, was performed to investigate whether VDD was associated with hyperglycemia. RESULTS The study evaluated 1411 workers, most workers were aged 30-39 years (53.2%), and 77.5% self-declared as black, brown, with up to complete high school (71.4%) and working alternate shifts for more than 5 years (76.1%). Regarding glucose and vitamin D, 32.0% and 29.1% of the workers had hyperglycemia and VDD, respectively. In multivariate analysis, controlled for confounding factors, workers with VDD had a 119% increased chance of hyperglycemia (OR: 2.19; IC95%: 1.56-3.08). Furthermore, vitamin D levels in distribution quintiles showed a dose-response gradient in relation to hyperglycemia, where increased vitamin D values were associated with a reduction in the occurrence of hyperglycemia. CONCLUSION Rotating shift workers with vitamin D deficiency are more likely to have hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luiz Antônio Alves de Menezes-Júnior
- School of Nutrition, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Post-graduate Program in Health and Nutrition, Nutrition School, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Sílvia Nascimento de Freitas
- School of Nutrition, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Post-graduate Program in Health and Nutrition, Nutrition School, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - George Luiz Lins Machado-Coelho
- Post-graduate Program in Health and Nutrition, Nutrition School, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Medical School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Yedjou CG, Grigsby J, Mbemi A, Nelson D, Mildort B, Latinwo L, Tchounwou PB. The Management of Diabetes Mellitus Using Medicinal Plants and Vitamins. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24109085. [PMID: 37240430 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24109085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a serious chronic metabolic disease that is associated with hyperglycemia and several complications including cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease. DM is caused by high levels of blood sugar in the body associated with the disruption of insulin metabolism and homeostasis. Over time, DM can induce life-threatening health problems such as blindness, heart disease, kidney damage, and stroke. Although the cure of DM has improved over the past decades, its morbidity and mortality rates remain high. Hence, new therapeutic strategies are needed to overcome the burden of this disease. One such prevention and treatment strategy that is easily accessible to diabetic patients at low cost is the use of medicinal plants, vitamins, and essential elements. The research objective of this review article is to study DM and explore its treatment modalities based on medicinal plants and vitamins. To achieve our objective, we searched scientific databases of ongoing trials in PubMed Central, Medline databases, and Google Scholar websites. We also searched databases on World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform to collect relevant papers. Results of numerous scientific investigations revealed that phytochemicals present in medicinal plants (Allium sativum, Momordica charantia, Hibiscus sabdariffa L., and Zingiber officinale) possess anti-hypoglycemic activities and show promise for the prevention and/or control of DM. Results also revealed that intake of vitamins C, D, E, or their combination improves the health of diabetes patients by reducing blood glucose, inflammation, lipid peroxidation, and blood pressure levels. However, very limited studies have addressed the health benefits of medicinal plants and vitamins as chemo-therapeutic/preventive agents for the management of DM. This review paper aims at addressing this knowledge gap by studying DM and highlighting the biomedical significance of the most potent medicinal plants and vitamins with hypoglycemic properties that show a great potential to prevent and/or treat DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement G Yedjou
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, 1610 S. Martin Luther King Blvd, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Jameka Grigsby
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Alcorn State University, 1000 ASU Drive, Lorman, MS 39096, USA
| | - Ariane Mbemi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, 1400 Lynch Street, Box 18750, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
| | - Daryllynn Nelson
- Department of Health Administration, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Dr. SW, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Bryan Mildort
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Howard University, 2400 6th St, NW, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Lekan Latinwo
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, 1610 S. Martin Luther King Blvd, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Paul B Tchounwou
- RCMI Center for Urban Health Disparities Research and Innovation, Morgan State University, 1700 E. Cold Spring Lane, Baltimore, MD 21252, USA
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Mandal SK, Tare M, Deepa PR. COVID-19 infection and metabolic comorbidities: Mitigating role of nutritional sufficiency and drug - nutraceutical combinations of vitamin D. HUMAN NUTRITION & METABOLISM 2023; 31:200179. [PMID: 38620788 PMCID: PMC9762046 DOI: 10.1016/j.hnm.2022.200179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The vulnerability of human health is amplified in recent times with global increase in non-communicable diseases (due to lifestyle changes and environmental insults) and infectious diseases (caused by newer pathogens and drug-resistance strains). Clinical management of diseases is further complicated by disease severity caused by other comorbid factors. Drug-based therapy may not be the sole approach, particularly in scenarios like the COVID-19 pandemic, where there is no specific drug against SARS-CoV-2. Nutritional interventions are significant in armouring human populations in disease prevention, and as adjunctive therapy for disease alleviation. Amidst ongoing clinical trials to determine the efficacy of Vit. D against infections and associated complications, this review examines the pleiotropic benefits of nutritional adequacy of vitamin D (Vit. D) in combating viral infections (COVID-19), its severity and complications due to co-morbidities (obesity, diabetes, stroke and Kawasaki disease), based on research findings and clinical studies. Supplements of Vit. D in combination with other nutrients, and drugs, are suggested as promising preventive-health and adjunct-treatment strategies in the clinical management of viral infections with metabolic comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar Mandal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Meghana Tare
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - P R Deepa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
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Mustafa A, Shekhar C. Association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin-D and Triglycerides-Glucose index among Indian adolescents. BMC Nutr 2022; 8:69. [PMID: 35879737 PMCID: PMC9310494 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-022-00568-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin D deficiency has been found to associated with numerous skeletal and non-skeletal diseases including Diabetes Mellitus. Insulin Resistance (IR) is considered as one of the primary reasons of Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). The association between vitamin D deficiency and IR has been extensively explore in previous studies, but none of them focused on Indian adolescents, and none of them used the TyG index as IR marker. Hence, this population-based cross-sectional study investigates the relationship between insulin resistance (IR) assessed using the Triglycerides Glucose Index (TyG index) and vitamin D measured by serum 25-hydroxyvitamin-D (25(OH)D). Methods For this study, we utilized data from the Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey (CNNS, 2016–18). The study is based on a sample size of 10,167 adolescents aged 10–19 years. The TyG index cut-off value of 4.65 was used to classify IR. We examined associations between the TyG index and serum 25(OH)D using multiple linear regression models adjusted for potential confounders. Odds of Insulin Resistance among vitamin D deficient/insufficient adolescents were assessed using multivariable logistic regression. Results A significant negative association was found between serum 25(OH)D and the TyG index, where a 10% increase in serum 25(OH)D was associated with 0.56 (95% CI = -0.67, -0.45) unit decrement in the TyG index. The odds of having IR were 90% higher among vitamin D deficient adolescents (OR: 1.90; 95% CI = 1.62—2.23) compared to adolescents with adequate levels of vitamin D. The association between vitamin D deficiency and IR was independent of sex; in other words, the association between vitamin D and IR was significant in both the sexes. Conclusion Independent of sex, this study found a significant inverse association between vitamin D and insulin resistance in Indian adolescents. The findings of this study highlight the utility of TyG index and the importance of vitamin D in lowering the risk of T2DM in future generations of the country.
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Miao D, Goltzman D. Mechanisms of action of vitamin D in delaying aging and preventing disease by inhibiting oxidative stress. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2022; 121:293-318. [PMID: 36707138 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Although several recent studies have shown that vitamin D supplementation beneficially decreases oxidative stress parameters, there is no consensus on this subject in humans. Thus the role of vitamin D supplementation has recently become a controversial topic because large intervention studies in humans have not shown significant benefits. These studies have indicated that supplementation with precursor forms of active vitamin D has no effect on all-cause mortality, cannot reduce the fracture risk of the elderly, cannot reduce the incidence of cancer or cardiovascular disease in the elderly, and cannot significantly reduce the incidence risk of diabetes in the elderly. However, a link between several age-related diseases and enhanced oxidative stress has been found in mice with insufficient or deficient 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D), the active form of vitamin D, which indicates that reduced active vitamin D accelerates aging and age-related diseases by increasing oxidative stress. Furthermore, supplementation of exogenous 1,25(OH)2D3, or antioxidants, could dramatically postpone aging, prevent osteoporosis and spontaneous tumor development induced by 1,25(OH)2D insufficiency or deficiency, by inhibiting oxidative stress. Mechanistically, the antioxidative effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 are carried out via the vitamin D receptor (VDR) by activation of the Nrf2 oxidative stress response pathway though transcriptional or posttranscriptional activation of Nrf2 or transcriptional upregulation of Sirt1 and Bmi1 expression. Whether discrepancies between studies in humans and in mice reflect the different forms of vitamin D examined remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Goltzman
- McGill University Health Centre and McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Associations of Serum Total 25OHD, 25OHD3, and epi-25OHD3 with Insulin Resistance: Cross-Sectional Analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011–2016. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173526. [PMID: 36079784 PMCID: PMC9459885 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Vitamin D may have a role in insulin sensitivity. However, the data on the association between various metabolites of Vitamin D and insulin-related parameters have been limited. Methods: We identified 6026 adults aged 20–80 years who participated in the 2011–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Serum total 25OHD, 25OHD3, and epi-25OHD3, fasting glucose, insulin, and HOMA2-IR were obtained from the NHANES data. The association between serum Vitamin D-related values and insulin resistance was analyzed using a generalized linear model. For risk analysis, multifactorial logistic regression was used. Results: The median total 25-hydroxyvitamin D level, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 level, and 3-epi-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 level were 62.5 nmol/L, 58.8 nmol/L, and 3.3 nmol/L, respectively. After adjustment for sex, age, race, ethnicity, and education status, the ORs for the insulin resistance of participants of total 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, and 3-epi-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 were 0.32 (95% CI 0.24, 0.43), 0.34 (95% CI 0.26, 0.44), and 0.64 (95% CI 0.53, 0.77), respectively. After an adjustment for body mass index, diabetes, and drinking and smoking, the ORs for the insulin resistance of the participants for total 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, and 3-epi-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 were 0.56 (95% CI 0.40, 0.78), 0.63 (95% CI 0.46, 0.85), and 0.99 (95% CI 0.80, 1.24), respectively. Conclusions: Our study provides suggestive evidence for the association between Vitamin D concentrations and a lower risk of insulin resistance. Evidence from larger and more adequately powered cohort studies is needed to confirm our results.
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Sindhughosa DA, Wibawa IDN, Mariadi IK, Somayana G. Additional treatment of vitamin D for improvement of insulin resistance in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7716. [PMID: 35546181 PMCID: PMC9095833 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11950-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance provides an important role in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Several studies already evaluate vitamin D supplementation for NAFLD patients in relation to insulin resistance. The results obtained still carry conflicting results. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of additional treatment of vitamin D for the improvement of insulin resistance in NAFLD patients. Relevant literatures were obtained from PubMed, Google Scholar, COCHRANE, and Science Direct database. The obtained studies were analyzed using fixed effect model or random effect model. Seven eligible studies with a total of 735 participants were included. Vitamin D supplementation improves insulin resistance in NAFLD patients, marked by reduced Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), with pooled mean difference − 1.06 (p = 0.0006; 95% CI − 1.66 to − 0.45). Vitamin D supplementation increase the level of vitamin D serum with pooled mean difference of 17.45 (p = 0.0002; 95% CI 8.33 to 26.56). Vitamin D supplementation decrease ALT levels, with pooled mean difference of − 4.44 (p = 0.02; 95% CI − 8.24 to − 0.65). No effect was observed for AST levels. Vitamin D supplementation provides beneficial effects on the improvement of insulin resistance in NAFLD patients. This supplementation may reduce HOMA-IR in such patients. It may serve as a potential adjunctive treatment for NAFLD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwijo Anargha Sindhughosa
- Internal Medicine Residency Program, Udayana University/Sanglah General Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
| | - I Dewa Nyoman Wibawa
- Gastroenterohepatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Udayana University/Sanglah General Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia.
| | - I Ketut Mariadi
- Gastroenterohepatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Udayana University/Sanglah General Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
| | - Gde Somayana
- Gastroenterohepatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Udayana University/Sanglah General Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
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Papuc C, Goran GV, Predescu CN, Tudoreanu L, Ștefan G. Plant polyphenols mechanisms of action on insulin resistance and against the loss of pancreatic beta cells. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 62:325-352. [PMID: 32901517 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1815644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus describes a group of metabolic disorders characterized by a prolonged period hyperglycemia with long-lasting detrimental effects on the cardiovascular and nervous systems, kidney, vision, and immunity. Many plant polyphenols are shown to have beneficial activity for the prevention and treatment of diabetes, by different mechanisms. This review article is focused on synthesizing the mechanisms by which polyphenols decrease insulin resistance and inhibit loss of pancreatic islet β-cell mass and function. To achieve the objectives, this review summarizes the results of the researches realized in recent years in clinical trials and in various experimental models, on the effects of foods rich in polyphenols, polyphenolic extracts, and commercially polyphenols on insulin resistance and β-cells death. Dietary polyphenols are able to reduce insulin resistance alleviating the IRS-1/PI3-k/Akt signaling pathway, and to reduce the loss of pancreatic islet β-cell mass and function by several molecular mechanisms, such as protection of the surviving machinery of cells against the oxidative insult; increasing insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells through activation of the FFAR1; cytoprotective effect on β-cells by activation of autophagy; protection of β-cells to act as activators for anti-apoptotic pathways and inhibitors for apoptotic pathway; stimulating of insulin release, presumably by transient ATP-sensitive K+ channel inhibition and whole-cell Ca2+ stimulation; involvement in insulin release that act on ionic currents and membrane potential as inhibitor of delayed-rectifier K+ current (IK(DR)) and activator of current. dietary polyphenols could be used as potential anti-diabetic agents to prevent and alleviate diabetes and its complications, but further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camelia Papuc
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, UASVM of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gheorghe V Goran
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, UASVM of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Corina N Predescu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, UASVM of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Liliana Tudoreanu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, UASVM of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Georgeta Ștefan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, UASVM of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
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Pietruszka P, Chruścicka I, Duś-Ilnicka I, Paradowska-Stolarz A. PRP and PRF-Subgroups and Divisions When Used in Dentistry. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11100944. [PMID: 34683085 PMCID: PMC8540475 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11100944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood derivates, such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), are autogenous sources of many growth factors that are involved in the healing and regeneration of tissues, and for this reason, are used in dentistry treatments. This fact also contributes to the growing interest in these biomaterials in regenerative personalized medicine. The multitude of platelet-rich forms creates many possibilities for their use. This semi-systematic review describes and compares the methods of obtaining properties and potential uses of these materials in personalized treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Pietruszka
- Faculty of Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Krakowska 26, 52-425 Wrocław, Poland; (P.P.); (I.C.)
| | - Izabela Chruścicka
- Faculty of Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Krakowska 26, 52-425 Wrocław, Poland; (P.P.); (I.C.)
| | - Irena Duś-Ilnicka
- Department of Oral Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Krakowska 26, 52-425 Wrocław, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-71784-0140; Fax: +48-71784-0380
| | - Anna Paradowska-Stolarz
- Department of Dentofacial Anomalies, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orhopedics, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 52-524 Wrocław, Poland;
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ERDOĞAN B. Relationship between Vitamin D level and Insulin Resistance According to Obesity Level. TURKISH JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.46310/tjim.874787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Mokarram P, Rahmannezhad G, Erfani M, Rezvanfar MR, Jalali Mashayekhi F. Study of vitamin D receptor gene methylation and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in Iranian pregnant women. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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No Association between 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Insulin Resistance or Thyroid Hormone Concentrations in a Romanian Observational Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 57:medicina57010025. [PMID: 33396784 PMCID: PMC7824327 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: Vitamin D is involved in insulin resistance through genomic and non-genomic mechanisms. Several observational and randomized studies have discrepant results; some of them showed an improved insulin resistance (IR), and others a neutral effect after vitamin D deficiency is corrected. Materials and Methods: We designed a retrospective observational study that included all women who presented for 33 months in an outpatient clinic in Bucharest, Romania. Results: We analyzed 353 patients with a mean age of 58.5 ± 13.7 years, a mean body mass index (BMI) of 27.36 ± 4.87 kg/m-2, and a mean level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) of 39.53 ± 15.73 ng/mL. There were no differences in the calculated Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance variants 1 and 2 (HOMA-IR) and the Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) between women with vitamin D deficit versus normal values. In multivariate analysis, there was no significant relation between 25OHD and the response variables considered by us. Conclusions: We observed a small positive correlation between a higher level of 25OHD and increased glycosylated hemolobin (HbA1c) or IR indices without clinical significance. Other modifiable or non-modifiable factors override 25OHD influence on IR in adult women with a normal serum level and may contribute to the remainder of the variability observed.
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Al-Shafei AI, Rayis DA, Mohieldein AH, El-Gendy OA, Adam I. Maternal early pregnancy serum level of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2020; 152:382-385. [PMID: 32976628 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.13389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess if early pregnancy (≤14 weeks of gestation) 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level is associated with risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). METHODS A nested case-control study (60 women in each arm) was conducted at Saad Abualila Hospital (Khartoum, Sudan) during the period of January to November 2017. Clinical and obstetrical data were gathered, 25(OH)D concentration was measured at the first prenatal visit, and a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test was performed at 24-28 weeks of gestation. RESULTS Compared with women without GDM, in women with GDM, the median of the 25(OH)D level was significantly lower (7.3 [interquartile range 5.7-8.8] ng/mL versus 8.4 [interquartile range 6.6-11.9] ng/mL, P=0.001). All women in the study (with and without GDM) had vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D<20 ng/mL). The results of the logistic regression showed that a low 25(OH)D level was the only factor associated with GDM (odds ratio [OR] 0.83, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.73-0.95, P=0.010). Women with 25(OH)D less than 6.0 ng/mL were at a higher risk of GDM (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.29-8.12, P=0.012). CONCLUSION A low 25(OH)D level in early pregnancy was associated with increased risk of GDM. This finding might be useful in predicting GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad I Al-Shafei
- Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Duria A Rayis
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | | | - Ola A El-Gendy
- Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ishag Adam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, Saudi Arabia
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14
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The Molecular Mechanisms by Which Vitamin D Prevents Insulin Resistance and Associated Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186644. [PMID: 32932777 PMCID: PMC7554927 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that vitamin D deficiency is very common in modern societies and is perceived as an important risk factor in the development of insulin resistance and related diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). While it is generally accepted that vitamin D is a regulator of bone homeostasis, its ability to counteract insulin resistance is subject to debate. The goal of this communication is to review the molecular mechanism by which vitamin D reduces insulin resistance and related complications. The university library, PUBMED, and Google Scholar were searched to find relevant studies to be summarized in this review article. Insulin resistance is accompanied by chronic hyperglycaemia and inflammation. Recent studies have shown that vitamin D exhibits indirect antioxidative properties and participates in the maintenance of normal resting ROS level. Appealingly, vitamin D reduces inflammation and regulates Ca2+ level in many cell types. Therefore, the beneficial actions of vitamin D include diminished insulin resistance which is observed as an improvement of glucose and lipid metabolism in insulin-sensitive tissues.
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Moharir G, Naikawadi AA, Patil J, Bhixavatimath P, Bharatha A. Effect of Vitamin Don Blood Sugar, HbA1c and Serum Insulin Levels in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. MAEDICA 2020; 15:327-331. [PMID: 33312247 PMCID: PMC7726512 DOI: 10.26574/maedica.2020.15.3.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an increasingly common disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and marked dyslipidemia. This study evaluates the effect of vitamin D supplementation alone and in combination with glimepiride in streptozotocin-induced T2DM in rats. Materials and methods: A total of 30 Wistar albino rats of either sex weighing 150-200 g were included in the study. The effect of oral administration of vitamin D was evaluated in streptozotocin-induced T2DM in rats. Blood glucose, serum insulin, serum HbA1c, and serum vitamin D were evaluated. Results: D treatment has significantly improved hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin sensitivity compared with the non-treated diabetic rats. Oral administration of vitamin D in streptozotocin-induced T2DM reduced blood sugar levels, increased insulin levels (more prominently when administered along with glimepiride) and decreased HbA1c levels (p<0.005). Conclusions: Administration of vitamin D can improve hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia in streptozotocin-induced T2DM in rats. Thus, it could be considered as an add on therapy along with other antidiabetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurudatta Moharir
- Department of Pharmacology, BLDE (Deemed to be University), Shri BM Patil Medical College, Vijayapur, Karnataka, India
| | - Akram A Naikawadi
- Department of Pharmacology, BLDE (Deemed to be University), Shri BM Patil Medical College, Vijayapur, Karnataka, India
| | - Jyoti Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, BLDE (Deemed to be University), Shri BM Patil Medical College, Vijayapur, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Ambadasu Bharatha
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Barbados, WI
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Biesalski HK. Vitamin D deficiency and co-morbidities in COVID-19 patients – A fatal relationship? NFS JOURNAL 2020. [PMCID: PMC7276229 DOI: 10.1016/j.nfs.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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17
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Mutt SJ, Raza GS, Mäkinen MJ, Keinänen‐Kiukaanniemi S, Järvelin M, Herzig K. Vitamin D Deficiency Induces Insulin Resistance and Re‐Supplementation Attenuates Hepatic Glucose Output via the PI3K‐AKT‐FOXO1 Mediated Pathway. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e1900728. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shivaprakash Jagalur Mutt
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Oulu 90014 Oulu Finland
- Biocenter of OuluUniversity of Oulu 90014 Oulu Finland
- Medical Research CenterUniversity of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital 90014 Oulu Finland
| | - Ghulam Shere Raza
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Oulu 90014 Oulu Finland
- Biocenter of OuluUniversity of Oulu 90014 Oulu Finland
| | - Markus J Mäkinen
- Medical Research CenterUniversity of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital 90014 Oulu Finland
- Cancer and Translational Research Unit, Department of PathologyUniversity of Oulu 90014 Oulu Finland
| | - Sirkka Keinänen‐Kiukaanniemi
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Oulu 90014 Oulu Finland
- Unit of General Practice and Primary CareOulu University Hospital 90220 Oulu Finland
- Institute of Health SciencesUniversity of Oulu 90014 Oulu Finland
| | - Marjo‐Riitta Järvelin
- Biocenter of OuluUniversity of Oulu 90014 Oulu Finland
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Oulu 90014 Oulu Finland
- Institute of Health SciencesUniversity of Oulu 90014 Oulu Finland
- Unit of General Practice and Primary CareOulu University Hospital 90220 Oulu Finland
- Department of Children, Young People and FamiliesNational Institute for Health and Welfare 90101 Oulu Finland
| | - Karl‐Heinz Herzig
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Oulu 90014 Oulu Finland
- Biocenter of OuluUniversity of Oulu 90014 Oulu Finland
- Medical Research CenterUniversity of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital 90014 Oulu Finland
- Department of Gastroenterology and MetabolismPoznan University of Medical Sciences 61–701 Poznan Poland
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Dynamic thiol/disulfide homeostasis and oxidant status in patients with hypoparathyroidism. J Med Biochem 2019; 39:231-239. [PMID: 33033457 DOI: 10.2478/jomb-2019-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In this study, we aimed at determining the dynamic thiol/disulfide homeostasis and oxidant balance, and investigating the relation of these parameters to the severity of the disease and the serum calcium levels. Methods 55 patients with iatrogenic hypoparathyroidism follow-ups and 40 healthy volunteers were included in the study. The blood dynamic thiol/sulfide balance, Total Antioxidant Status (TAS), Total Oxidant Status (TOS), Paraoxonase Enzyme Activity (PON) levels were measured in serum samples. Results In our study, it was found that the disulfide, disulfide/native thiol, disulfide/total thiol levels were higher in the hypoparathyroidism group. A negative correlation was found between 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OH vitamin D) and disulfide, disulfide/native thiol and disulfide/total thiol, and a positive correlation was found between native thiol and total thiol ratio; and the corrected calcium levels and PON levels were negatively correlated. Conclusions Consequently, a change in favour of disulfide was found in the dynamic thiol-disulfide homeostasis in the hypoparathyroidism group in our study.
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Szymczak-Pajor I, Śliwińska A. Analysis of Association between Vitamin D Deficiency and Insulin Resistance. Nutrients 2019; 11:E794. [PMID: 30959886 PMCID: PMC6520736 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence revealed extra skeleton activity of vitamin D, including prevention from cardiometabolic diseases and cancer development as well as anti-inflammatory properties. It is worth noting that vitamin D deficiency is very common and may be associated with the pathogenesis of insulin-resistance-related diseases, including obesity and diabetes. This review aims to provide molecular mechanisms showing how vitamin D deficiency may be involved in the insulin resistance formation. The PUBMED database and published reference lists were searched to find studies published between 1980 and 2019. It was identified that molecular action of vitamin D is involved in maintaining the normal resting levels of ROS and Ca2+, not only in pancreatic β-cells, but also in insulin responsive tissues. Both genomic and non-genomic action of vitamin D is directed towards insulin signaling. Thereby, vitamin D reduces the extent of pathologies associated with insulin resistance such as oxidative stress and inflammation. More recently, it was also shown that vitamin D prevents epigenetic alterations associated with insulin resistance and diabetes. In conclusion, vitamin D deficiency is one of the factors accelerating insulin resistance formation. The results of basic and clinical research support beneficial action of vitamin D in the reduction of insulin resistance and related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Szymczak-Pajor
- Department of Nucleic Acid Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska, 92-213 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Śliwińska
- Department of Nucleic Acid Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska, 92-213 Lodz, Poland.
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Abstract
Oxidative stress is one of the key mechanisms of sepsis related organ dysfunction including stress hyperglycemia. Silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1) could regulate glucose metabolism through its deacetylase activity. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of SIRT1/forkhead box protein 1 (FoxO1) pathway on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced INS-1 cells dysfunction from aspects of oxidative stress and apoptosis. After being treated with 1 mg/L LPS together with or without SIRT1 activator resveratrol (RSV) or SIRT1 inhibitor EX527, cell viability, ROS generation, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide, insulin secretion, and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in INS-1 cells were measured by specific assays. Protein expression of SIRT1, FoxO1, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and acetylated FoxO1 (ac-FoxO1) were detected by western blot analysis. Nuclear and cytoplasmic protein was extracted respectively to analyze SIRT1 and FoxO1 redistribution. Mitochondrial potentials and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry or observed under fluorescence microscope. Results showed that LPS decreased cell viability and insulin secretion, increased ROS, MDA, and superoxide generation, whereas inhibited SOD activity and FoxO1 nuclear transportation. Activation of SIRT1 by RSV down-regulated TLR4 expression, SIRT1 and FoxO1 nuclear protein expression increased after RSV pretreatment. Additionally, LPS induced decreased mitochondrial membrane potentials and structural abnormalities, which could be partially reversed by RSV. SIRT1/FoxO1 may be one of potential targets which could resist against LPS-induced INS-1 cells from oxidative stress damage and mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Mo
- a Department of Emergency , Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Xiao Wang
- a Department of Emergency , Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Qinmin Ge
- a Department of Emergency , Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Fan Bian
- b Department of Nephrology , Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
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Ávila-Rubio V, García-Fontana B, Novo-Rodríguez C, Cantero-Hinojosa J, Reyes-García R, Muñoz-Torres M. Higher Levels of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Are Related to Improved Glucose Homeostasis in Women with Postmenopausal Osteoporosis. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2018; 27:1007-1015. [PMID: 29874115 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2017.6806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) is associated with other comorbidities such as impaired glucose homeostasis and cardiovascular disease. Vitamin D insufficiency is highly prevalent and may be a common link between these disorders. However, the relationship between circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and insulin resistance in women with PMO has not been well evaluated. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between circulating levels of 25(OH)D and parameters of glucose homeostasis in a cohort of women with PMO to establish a serum concentration threshold of 25(OH)D for improved glycemic parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study included 40 women with PMO. We measured 25(OH)D serum levels and glucose homeostasis parameters (glucose and insulin levels, insulin sensitivity, and β-secretion index HOMA2-%S and HOMA2-%B, respectively). Anthropometric, biochemical, and clinical parameters and bone markers were also evaluated. RESULTS Circulating levels of 25(OH)D were related to glucose parameters (negatively with HOMA2-%B and insulin levels and positively with HOMA2-%S) in women with PMO, resulting in an indicator of insulin sensitivity independent of age, body mass index, percent body fat, and undercarboxylated osteocalcin. Patients with serum 25(OH)D ≥45 ng/mL showed lower HOMA2-%B values and insulinemia and greater HOMA2-%S. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the hypothesis that circulating 25(OH)D levels are related to improved glucose homeostasis in women with PMO. However, this relationship was apparent only in the presence of high circulating levels of 25(OH)D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Ávila-Rubio
- 1 Bone Metabolic Unit, Endocrinology and Nutrition Division, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs. GRANADA) , Granada, Spain .,2 Department of Medicine, University of Granada , Granada, Spain
| | - Beatriz García-Fontana
- 1 Bone Metabolic Unit, Endocrinology and Nutrition Division, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs. GRANADA) , Granada, Spain .,3 CIBERFES, Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Novo-Rodríguez
- 1 Bone Metabolic Unit, Endocrinology and Nutrition Division, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs. GRANADA) , Granada, Spain
| | - Jesús Cantero-Hinojosa
- 2 Department of Medicine, University of Granada , Granada, Spain .,4 Unit of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio , Granada, Spain
| | - Rebeca Reyes-García
- 5 Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Complejo Hospitalario Torrecardenas , Almería, Spain
| | - Manuel Muñoz-Torres
- 1 Bone Metabolic Unit, Endocrinology and Nutrition Division, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs. GRANADA) , Granada, Spain .,2 Department of Medicine, University of Granada , Granada, Spain .,3 CIBERFES, Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid, Spain
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Mazzone G, Morisco C, Lembo V, D'Argenio G, D'Armiento M, Rossi A, Giudice CD, Trimarco B, Caporaso N, Morisco F. Dietary supplementation of vitamin D prevents the development of western diet-induced metabolic, hepatic and cardiovascular abnormalities in rats. United European Gastroenterol J 2018; 6:1056-1064. [PMID: 30228894 DOI: 10.1177/2050640618774140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The western diet high in fat and fructose may cause metabolic disorders and cardiovascular diseases. Objective To evaluate whether long-term daily vitamin D3 supplementation prevents hepatic steatosis and cardiovascular abnormalities and restores insulin sensitivity caused by fat diet in rats without vitamin D deficiency. Methods Three groups of rats were fed for 6 months with standard diet (SD), western diet (WD) or WD containing 23 IU/day/rat vitamin D3, respectively. Tail-cuff systolic blood pressure (SBP)measurements in conscious rats and transthoracic echocardiography were performed in basal condition, and after 3 and 6 months of diet. Hepatic steatosis and myocardial fibrosis were assessed in liver and cardiac tissues using standard methods. Serum insulin and 25(OH)D3 concentrations were determined using rat-specific ELISA kits. Insulin resistance was determined according to the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) method. Results Sixty-one per cent of hepatocytes in WD rats had steatotic vacuoles compared with just 27% in rats on a WD plus vitamin D3 (p < 0.05).HOMA-IR was reduced in rats with vitamin D supplementation compared with WD alone (19.4 ± 5.2 vs 41.9 ± 8.9, p < 0.05). Rat blood pressure and left ventricular mass were both reduced by vitamin D3 supplementation. Conclusion In animal models of liver and cardiovascular metabolic damage, the supplementation of vitamin D3 shows liver and cardio-protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Mazzone
- Gastroenterology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Carmine Morisco
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Lembo
- Gastroenterology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe D'Argenio
- Gastroenterology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Maria D'Armiento
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Rossi
- Gastroenterology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Carmine Del Giudice
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Bruno Trimarco
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Caporaso
- Gastroenterology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Filomena Morisco
- Gastroenterology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
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Vitamin D status and its influence on outcomes following major burn injury and critical illness. BURNS & TRAUMA 2018; 6:11. [PMID: 29721511 PMCID: PMC5910591 DOI: 10.1186/s41038-018-0113-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is common among the general population. It is also observed in up to 76% of critically ill patients. Despite the high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in critical illness, vitamin D is often overlooked by medical staff as the clinical implications and consequences of vitamin D deficiency in acute contexts remain to be fully understood. Vitamin D has a broad range of pleotropic effects on various processes and systems including the immune-inflammatory response. 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D), has been shown to promote a tolerogenic immune response limiting deleterious inflammatory effects, modulation of the innate immune system, and enhancement of anti-microbial peptides. Vitamin D deficiency is frequently observed in critically ill patients and has been related to extrinsic causes (i.e., limited sunlight exposure), magnitude of injury/illness, or the treatment started by medical doctors including fluid resuscitation. Low levels of vitamin D in critically ill patients have been associated with sepsis, organ failure, and mortality. Despite this, there are subpopulations of critical illness, such as burn patients, where the literature regarding vitamin D status and its influence on outcomes remain insufficient. Thermal injury results in damage to both burned and non-burned tissues, as well as induces an exaggerated and persistent immune-inflammatory and hypermetabolic response. In this review, we propose potential mechanisms in which burn injury affects the vitamin D status and summarizes current literature investigating the influence of vitamin D status on outcomes. In addition, we reviewed the literature and trials investigating vitamin D supplementation in critically ill patients and discuss the therapeutic potential of vitamin D supplementation in burn and critically ill patients. We also highlight current limitations of studies that have investigated vitamin D status and supplementation in critical illness. Thermal injury influences vitamin D status. More studies investigating vitamin D depletion in burn patients and its influence on prognosis, via standardized methodology, are required to reach definitive conclusions and influence clinical practice.
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Liu HX, Xu MQ, Li SP, Tian S, Guo MX, Qi JY, He CJ, Zhao XS. Jujube leaf green tea extracts inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma cells by activating AMPK. Oncotarget 2017; 8:110566-110575. [PMID: 29299169 PMCID: PMC5746404 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we evaluated the anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activity by the Jujube leaf green tea extracts (JLGTE). We showed that JLGTE exerted anti-proliferative, cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic activities against HepG2 and primary human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. It was however non-cytotoxic to the normal hepatocytes. JLGTE activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling, which was required for its cytotoxicity against hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Silence of AMPKα1, via targeted short hairpin RNAs or CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing, inhibited JLGTE-induced AMPK activation and HepG2 cell apoptosis. Further, in-activation of AMPK by a dominant negative AMPKα1 (T172A) also alleviated JLGTE's cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells. On the other hand, forced-activation of AMPK by introduction of a constitutively-active AMPKα1 (T172D) mimicked JLGTE's actions and led to HepG2 cell apoptosis. These results suggest that JLGTE inhibits human hepatocellular carcinoma cells possibly via activating AMPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- H X Liu
- Jujube Scientific Research and Applied Center, Life Science College, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, China
| | - M Q Xu
- Jujube Scientific Research and Applied Center, Life Science College, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, China
| | - S P Li
- Jujube Scientific Research and Applied Center, Life Science College, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, China
| | - S Tian
- Jujube Scientific Research and Applied Center, Life Science College, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, China
| | - M X Guo
- Jujube Scientific Research and Applied Center, Life Science College, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, China
| | - J Y Qi
- Jujube Scientific Research and Applied Center, Life Science College, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, China
| | - C J He
- Jujube Scientific Research and Applied Center, Life Science College, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, China
| | - X S Zhao
- Jujube Scientific Research and Applied Center, Life Science College, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, China
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