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Cruz-Acuña R, Kariuki SW, Sugiura K, Karaiskos S, Plaster EM, Loebel C, Efe G, Karakasheva T, Gabre JT, Hu J, Burdick JA, Rustgi AK. Engineered hydrogel reveals contribution of matrix mechanics to esophageal adenocarcinoma and identifies matrix-activated therapeutic targets. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e168146. [PMID: 37788109 PMCID: PMC10688988 DOI: 10.1172/jci168146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness has been implicated in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) progression, metastasis, and resistance to therapy. However, the underlying protumorigenic pathways are yet to be defined. Additional work is needed to develop physiologically relevant in vitro 3D culture models that better recapitulate the human tumor microenvironment and can be used to dissect the contributions of matrix stiffness to EAC pathogenesis. Here, we describe a modular, tumor ECM-mimetic hydrogel platform with tunable mechanical properties, defined presentation of cell-adhesive ligands, and protease-dependent degradation that supports robust in vitro growth and expansion of patient-derived EAC 3D organoids (EAC PDOs). Hydrogel mechanical properties control EAC PDO formation, growth, proliferation, and activation of tumor-associated pathways that elicit stem-like properties in the cancer cells, as highlighted through in vitro and in vivo environments. We also demonstrate that the engineered hydrogel serves as a platform for identifying potential therapeutic targets to disrupt the contribution of protumorigenic matrix mechanics in EAC. Together, these studies show that an engineered PDO culture platform can be used to elucidate underlying matrix-mediated mechanisms of EAC and inform the development of therapeutics that target ECM stiffness in EAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Cruz-Acuña
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Secunda W. Kariuki
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kensuke Sugiura
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Spyros Karaiskos
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Claudia Loebel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Gizem Efe
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tatiana Karakasheva
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joel T. Gabre
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jianhua Hu
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jason A. Burdick
- BioFrontiers Institute and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Anil K. Rustgi
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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Grimaldos Rodriguez C, Rimmer EF, Colleypriest B, Tosh D, Slack JMW, Jungwirth U. Ectopic expression of HNF4α in Het1A cells induces an invasive phenotype. Differentiation 2023; 134:1-10. [PMID: 37690144 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Barrett's oesophagus (BO) is a pathological condition in which the squamous epithelium of the distal oesophagus is replaced by an intestinal-like columnar epithelium originating from the gastric cardia. Several somatic mutations contribute to the intestinal-like metaplasia. Once these have occurred in a single cell, it will be unable to expand further unless the altered cell can colonise the surrounding squamous epithelium of the oesophagus. The mechanisms by which this happens are still unknown. Here we have established an in vitro system for examining the competitive behaviour of two epithelia. We find that when an oesophageal epithelium model (Het1A cells) is confronted by an intestinal epithelium model (Caco-2 cells), the intestinal cells expand into the oesophageal domain. In this case the boundary involves overgrowth by the Caco-2 cells and the formation of isolated colonies. Two key transcription factors, normally involved in intestinal development, HNF4α and CDX2, are both expressed in BO. We examined the competitive ability of Het1A cells stably expressing HNF4α or CDX2 and placed in confrontation with unmodified Het1A cells. The key result is that stable expression of HNF4α, but not CDX2, increased the ability of the cells to migrate and push into the unmodified Het1A domain. In this situation the boundary between the cell types is a sharp one, as is normally seen in BO. The experiments were conducted using a variety of extracellular substrates, which all tended to increase the cell migration compared to uncoated plastic. These data provide evidence that HNF4α expression could have a potential role in the competitive spread of BO into the oesophagus as HNF4α increases the ability of cells to invade into the adjacent stratified squamous epithelium, thus enabling a single mutant cell eventually to generate a macroscopic patch of metaplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ella F Rimmer
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Benjamin Colleypriest
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal United Hospital Bath, Combe Park, Bath, BA1 3NG, UK
| | - David Tosh
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Jonathan M W Slack
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Ute Jungwirth
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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Rickelt S, Neyaz A, Condon C, Whittaker CA, Zaidi AH, Taylor MS, Abbruzzese G, Mattia AR, Zukerberg L, Shroff SG, Yilmaz OH, Yılmaz O, Wu EY, Choi WT, Jobe BA, Odze RD, Patil DT, Deshpande V, Hynes RO. Agrin loss in Barrett's esophagus-related neoplasia and its utility as a diagnostic and predictive biomarker. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 28:1167-1179. [PMID: 34785582 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-2822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is an unmet need for identifying novel biomarkers in Barrett's esophagus (BE) that could stratify patients with regards to neoplastic progression. We investigate the expression patterns of extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules in BE and BE-related neoplasia, and assess their value as biomarkers for the diagnosis of BE-related neoplasia and to predict neoplastic progression. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Gene expression analyses of ECM matrisome gene sets were performed using publicly available data on human BE, BE-related dysplasia, esophageal ADCA and normal esophagus. Immunohistochemical expression of basement membrane (BM) marker agrin (AGRN) and p53 was analyzed in biopsies of BE-related neoplasia from 321 patients in three independent cohorts. RESULTS Differential gene expression analysis revealed significant enrichment of ECM matrisome gene sets in dysplastic BE and ADCA compared with controls. Loss of BM AGRN expression was observed in both BE-related dysplasia and ADCA. The mean AGRN loss in BE glands was significantly higher in BErelated dysplasia and ADCA compared to non-dysplastic BE (NDBE; p<0.001; specificity=82.2% and sensitivity=96.4%). Loss of AGRN was significantly higher in NDBE samples from progressors compared to non-progressors (p<0.001) and identified patients who progressed to advanced neoplasia with a specificity of 80.2% and sensitivity of 54.8%. Moreover, the combination of AGRN loss and abnormal p53 staining identified progression to BE-related advanced neoplasia with a specificity and sensitivity of 86.5% and 58.7%. CONCLUSIONS We highlight ECM changes during BE progression to neoplasia. BM AGRN loss is a novel diagnostic biomarker that can identify NDBE patients at increased risk of developing advanced neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Rickelt
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
| | - Azfar Neyaz
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital
| | - Charlene Condon
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
| | - Charles A Whittaker
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
| | - Ali H Zaidi
- Esophageal and Lung Institute, Allegheny Health Network
| | | | - Genevieve Abbruzzese
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
| | | | | | | | - Omer H Yilmaz
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
| | - Osman Yılmaz
- Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine
| | | | - Won-Tak Choi
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco
| | | | | | - Deepa T Patil
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital
| | - Vikram Deshpande
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | - Richard O Hynes
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
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Wijetunga I, McVeigh LE, Charalambous A, Antanaviciute A, Carr IM, Nair A, Prasad KR, Ingram N, Coletta PL. Translating Biomarkers of Cholangiocarcinoma for Theranosis: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2817. [PMID: 33007872 PMCID: PMC7601719 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a rare disease with poor outcomes and limited research efforts into novel treatment options. A systematic review of CCA biomarkers was undertaken to identify promising biomarkers that may be used for theranosis (therapy and diagnosis). MEDLINE/EMBASE databases (1996-2019) were systematically searched using two strategies to identify biomarker studies of CCA. The PANTHER Go-Slim classification system and STRING network version 11.0 were used to interrogate the identified biomarkers. The TArget Selection Criteria for Theranosis (TASC-T) score was used to rank identified proteins as potential targetable biomarkers for theranosis. The following proteins scored the highest, CA9, CLDN18, TNC, MMP9, and EGFR, and they were evaluated in detail. None of these biomarkers had high sensitivity or specificity for CCA but have potential for theranosis. This review is unique in that it describes the process of selecting suitable markers for theranosis, which is also applicable to other diseases. This has highlighted existing validated markers of CCA that can be used for active tumor targeting for the future development of targeted theranostic delivery systems. It also emphasizes the relevance of bioinformatics in aiding the search for validated biomarkers that could be repurposed for theranosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imeshi Wijetunga
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (I.W.); (L.E.M.); (A.C.); (A.A.); (I.M.C.); (A.N.); (N.I.)
| | - Laura E. McVeigh
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (I.W.); (L.E.M.); (A.C.); (A.A.); (I.M.C.); (A.N.); (N.I.)
| | - Antonia Charalambous
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (I.W.); (L.E.M.); (A.C.); (A.A.); (I.M.C.); (A.N.); (N.I.)
| | - Agne Antanaviciute
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (I.W.); (L.E.M.); (A.C.); (A.A.); (I.M.C.); (A.N.); (N.I.)
| | - Ian M. Carr
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (I.W.); (L.E.M.); (A.C.); (A.A.); (I.M.C.); (A.N.); (N.I.)
| | - Amit Nair
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (I.W.); (L.E.M.); (A.C.); (A.A.); (I.M.C.); (A.N.); (N.I.)
| | - K. Raj Prasad
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, St. James’s University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK;
| | - Nicola Ingram
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (I.W.); (L.E.M.); (A.C.); (A.A.); (I.M.C.); (A.N.); (N.I.)
| | - P. Louise Coletta
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (I.W.); (L.E.M.); (A.C.); (A.A.); (I.M.C.); (A.N.); (N.I.)
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Arolt C, Meyer M, Hoffmann F, Wagener-Ryczek S, Schwarz D, Nachtsheim L, Beutner D, Odenthal M, Guntinas-Lichius O, Buettner R, von Eggeling F, Klußmann JP, Quaas A. Expression Profiling of Extracellular Matrix Genes Reveals Global and Entity-Specific Characteristics in Adenoid Cystic, Mucoepidermoid and Salivary Duct Carcinomas. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092466. [PMID: 32878206 PMCID: PMC7564650 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The extracellular matrix (ECM), an important factor in tumour metastasis and therapy resistance, has not been studied in salivary gland carcinomas (SGC), so far. In this retrospective study, we profiled the RNA expression of 28 ECM-related genes in 11 adenoid cystic (AdCy), 14 mucoepidermoid (MuEp) and 9 salivary duct carcinomas (SaDu). Also, we validated our results in a multimodal approach. MuEp and SaDu shared a common gene signature involving an overexpression of COL11A1. In contrast, nonhierarchical clustering revealed a more specific gene expression pattern for AdCy, characterized by overexpression of COL27A1. In situ studies at RNA level indicated that in AdCy, ECM production results from tumour cells and not from cancer-associated fibroblasts as is the case in MuEp and SaDu. For the first time, we characterized the ECM composition in SGC and identified several differentially expressed genes, which are potential therapeutic targets. Abstract The composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a pivotal role in tumour initiation, metastasis and therapy resistance. Until now, the ECM composition of salivary gland carcinomas (SGC) has not been studied. We quantitatively analysed the mRNA of 28 ECM-related genes of 34 adenoid cystic (AdCy; n = 11), mucoepidermoid (MuEp; n = 14) and salivary duct carcinomas (SaDu; n = 9). An incremental overexpression of six collagens (including COL11A1) and four glycoproteins from MuEp and SaDu suggested a common ECM alteration. Conversely, AdCy and MuEp displayed a distinct overexpression of COL27A1 and LAMB3, respectively. Nonhierarchical clustering and principal component analysis revealed a more specific pattern for AdCy with low expression of the common gene signature. In situ studies at the RNA and protein level confirmed these results and indicated that, in contrast to MuEp and SaDu, ECM production in AdCy results from tumour cells and not from cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Our findings reveal different modes of ECM production leading to common and distinct RNA signatures in SGC. Of note, an overexpression of COL27A1, as in AdCy, has not been linked to any other neoplasm so far. Here, we contribute to the dissection of the ECM composition in SGC and identified a panel of deferentially expressed genes, which could be putative targets for SGC therapy and overcoming therapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Arolt
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (S.W.-R.); (M.O.); (R.B.); (A.Q.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-221-478-4726
| | - Moritz Meyer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (M.M.); (D.S.); (L.N.); (J.P.K.)
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Franziska Hoffmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, MALDI Imaging and Innovative Biophotonics, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany;
| | - Svenja Wagener-Ryczek
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (S.W.-R.); (M.O.); (R.B.); (A.Q.)
| | - David Schwarz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (M.M.); (D.S.); (L.N.); (J.P.K.)
| | - Lisa Nachtsheim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (M.M.); (D.S.); (L.N.); (J.P.K.)
| | - Dirk Beutner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany;
| | - Margarete Odenthal
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (S.W.-R.); (M.O.); (R.B.); (A.Q.)
| | - Orlando Guntinas-Lichius
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany;
| | - Reinhard Buettner
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (S.W.-R.); (M.O.); (R.B.); (A.Q.)
| | - Ferdinand von Eggeling
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, MALDI Imaging, Core Unit Proteome Analysis, DFG Core Unit Jena Biophotonic and Imaging Laboratory (JBIL), Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany;
| | - Jens Peter Klußmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (M.M.); (D.S.); (L.N.); (J.P.K.)
| | - Alexander Quaas
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (S.W.-R.); (M.O.); (R.B.); (A.Q.)
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Han P, Cao P, Hu S, Kong K, Deng Y, Zhao B, Li F. Esophageal Microenvironment: From Precursor Microenvironment to Premetastatic Niche. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:5857-5879. [PMID: 32765088 PMCID: PMC7371556 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s258215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is the sixth most deadly cancer, and its incidence is still increasing year by year. Although the researches on the molecular mechanisms of EC have been widely carried out and incremental progress has been made, its overall survival rate is still low. There is cumulative evidence showing that the esophageal microenvironment plays a vital role in the development of EC. In precancerous lesions of the esophagus, high-risk environmental factors can promote the development of precancerous lesions by inducing the production of inflammatory factors and the recruitment of immune cells. In the tumor microenvironment, tumor-promoting cells can inhibit anti-tumor immunity and promote tumor progression through a variety of pathways, such as bone marrow-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), tumor-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and regulatory T cells (Tregs). The formation of extracellular hypoxia and acidic microenvironment and the change of extracellular matrix stiffness are also important factors affecting tumor progression and metastasis. Simultaneously, primary tumor-derived cytokines and bone marrow-derived immune cells can also promote the formation of pre-metastasis niche of EC lymph nodes, which are beneficial to EC lymph node metastasis. Further research on the specific mechanism of these processes in the occurrence, development, and metastasis of each EC subtype will support us to grasp the overall pre-cancerous prevention, targeted treatment, and metastatic assessment of EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Han
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Cao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Kangle Kong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
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Kairaluoma V, Kemi N, Pohjanen VM, Saarnio J, Helminen O. Tumour budding and tumour-stroma ratio in hepatocellular carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2020; 123:38-45. [PMID: 32362654 PMCID: PMC7341881 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-0847-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumour budding and low tumour-stroma ratio (TSR) are associated with poor prognosis in some cancers, but their value in Western hepatocellular carcinoma is unclear. The prognostic value of tumour budding and TSR in hepatocellular carcinoma was examined. METHODS Some 259 hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated in Oulu University Hospital 1983-2018 were included in this retrospective cohort study. Tumour budding and TSR were analysed from the haematoxylin- and eosin-stained original diagnostic slides, by dividing patients into bud-negative (0 bud) or bud-positive (≥1 bud) groups, and into high TSR (<50%) and low TSR (≥50%) groups. Surgically treated patients (n = 47) and other treatments (n = 212) were analysed separately. Primary outcomes were overall, and disease-specific 5-year mortality was adjusted for confounding factors. RESULTS Surgically treated patients with positive tumour budding had increased 5-year overall (adjusted HR 3.87, 95% CI 1.10-13.61) and disease-specific (adjusted HR 6.17, 95% CI 1.19-31.90) mortality compared with bud-negative patients. In surgically treated patients, TSR had no effect on 5-year overall (adjusted HR 2.03, 95% CI 0.57-7.21) or disease-specific (adjusted HR 3.23, 95% CI 0.78-13.37) mortality. No difference in survival related to tumour budding and TSR in non-surgically treated patients was observed. CONCLUSIONS Tumour budding is a prognostic factor in surgically treated hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valtteri Kairaluoma
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Niko Kemi
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Vesa-Matti Pohjanen
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha Saarnio
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Olli Helminen
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Surgery, Central Finland Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Esophageal Cancer Development: Crucial Clues Arising from the Extracellular Matrix. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020455. [PMID: 32079295 PMCID: PMC7072790 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last years, the extracellular matrix (ECM) has been reported as playing a relevant role in esophageal cancer (EC) development, with this compartment being related to several aspects of EC genesis and progression. This sounds very interesting due to the complexity of this highly incident and lethal tumor, which takes the sixth position in mortality among all tumor types worldwide. The well-established increase in ECM stiffness, which is able to trigger mechanotransduction signaling, is capable of regulating several malignant behaviors by converting alteration in ECM mechanics into cytoplasmatic biochemical signals. In this sense, it has been shown that some molecules play a key role in these events, particularly the different collagen isoforms, as well as enzymes related to its turnover, such as lysyl oxidase (LOX) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). In fact, MMPs are not only involved in ECM stiffness, but also in other events related to ECM homeostasis, which includes ECM remodeling. Therefore, the crucial role of distinct MMPs isoform has already been reported, especially MMP-2, -3, -7, and -9, along EC development, thus strongly associating these proteins with the control of important cellular events during tumor progression, particularly in the process of invasion during metastasis establishment. In addition, by distinct mechanisms, a vast diversity of glycoproteins and proteoglycans, such as laminin, fibronectin, tenascin C, galectin, dermatan sulfate, and hyaluronic acid exert remarkable effects in esophageal malignant cells due to the activation of oncogenic signaling pathways mainly involved in cytoskeleton alterations during adhesion and migration processes. Finally, the wide spectrum of interactions potentially mediated by ECM may represent a singular intervention scenario in esophageal carcinogenesis natural history and, due to the scarce knowledge on the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in EC development, the growing body of evidence on ECM’s role along esophageal carcinogenesis might provide a solid base to improve its management in the future.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by abundant stroma with increased expression of tenascin C and fibronectin. Their role and tumor-stroma ratio in PDAC are not well known. The aim of this study was to evaluate tenascin C and fibronectin expression and tumor-stroma ratio and their prognostic relevance in PDAC. METHODS Ninety-five resected PDACs were immunohistochemically stained for tenascin C and fibronectin, and the expression was separately assessed in tumor bulk and front. Tumor-stroma ratio was determined with sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin. RESULTS Tenascin C and fibronectin were abundantly expressed in the stroma of PDAC, but absent in adjacent normal pancreatic tissue. Fibronectin expression of the bulk was associated with high T class (P = 0.045). In the main analysis, tenascin C and fibronectin expression and tumor-stroma ratio were not associated with patient survival. In a subgroup analysis of early-stage PDAC (T1-T2 tumors), high tenascin C expression in the tumor bulk was associated with poor prognosis (hazard ratio, 8.23; 95% confidence interval, 2.71-24.96). CONCLUSIONS Tenascin C and fibronectin are abundantly expressed in PDAC, but they seem to have no major association with patient survival. However, in early-stage PDAC, tenascin C expression of the tumor bulk may have prognostic impact. Tumor-stroma ratio has no prognostic value in PDAC.
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