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Jin J, Kouznetsova VL, Kesari S, Tsigelny IF. Synergism in actions of HBV with aflatoxin in cancer development. Toxicology 2023; 499:153652. [PMID: 37858775 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a fungal metabolite found in animal feeds and human foods. It is one of the most toxic and carcinogenic of aflatoxins and is classified as a Group 1 carcinogen. Dietary exposure to AFB1 and infection with chronic Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) make up two of the major risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). These two major risk factors raise the probability of synergism between the two agents. This review proposes some collaborative molecular mechanisms underlying the interaction between AFB1 and HBV in accelerating or magnifying the effects of HCC. The HBx viral protein is one of the main viral proteins of HBV and has many carcinogenic qualities that are involved with HCC. AFB1, when metabolized by CYP450, becomes AFB1-exo-8,9-epoxide (AFBO), an extremely toxic compound that can form adducts in DNA sequences and induce mutations. With possible synergisms that exist between HBV and AFB1 in mind, it is best to treat both agents simultaneously to reduce the risk by HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Jin
- IUL Scientific Program, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Valentina L Kouznetsova
- San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; BiAna, La Jolla, CA, USA; Curescience Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Igor F Tsigelny
- San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; BiAna, La Jolla, CA, USA; Curescience Institute, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Neurosciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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2
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Li C, Liu X, Wu J, Ji X, Xu Q. Research progress in toxicological effects and mechanism of aflatoxin B 1 toxin. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13850. [PMID: 35945939 PMCID: PMC9357370 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal contamination of animal feed can severely affect the health of farm animals, and result in considerable economic losses. Certain filamentous fungi or molds produce toxic secondary metabolites known as mycotoxins, of which aflatoxins (AFTs) are considered the most critical dietary risk factor for both humans and animals. AFTs are ubiquitous in the environment, soil, and food crops, and aflatoxin B1(AFB1) has been identified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as one of the most potent natural group 1A carcinogen. We reviewed the literature on the toxic effects of AFB1 in humans and animals along with its toxicokinetic properties. The damage induced by AFB1 in cells and tissues is mainly achieved through cell cycle arrest and inhibition of cell proliferation, and the induction of apoptosis, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy. In addition, numerous coding genes and non-coding RNAs have been identified that regulate AFB1 toxicity. This review is a summary of the current research on the complexity of AFB1 toxicity, and provides insights into the molecular mechanisms as well as the phenotypic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiangdong Liu
- Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiao Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiangbo Ji
- Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Henan Key Laboratory of Unconventional Feed Resources Innovative Utilization, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qiuliang Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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3
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In vitro and in vivo evaluation of AFB1 and OTA-toxicity through immunofluorescence and flow cytometry techniques: A systematic review. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 160:112798. [PMID: 34973406 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Due to the globalization, mycotoxins have been considered a major risk to human health being the main contaminants of foodstuffs. Among them, AFB1 and OTA are the most toxic and studied. Therefore, the goal of this review is to deepen the knowledge about the toxicological effects that AFB1 and OTA can induce on human health by using flow cytometry and immunofluorescence techniques in vitro and in vivo models. The examination of the selected reports shows that the majority of them are focused on immunotoxicity while the rest are concerned about nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, gastrointestinal toxicity, neurotoxicity, embryotoxicity, reproductive system, breast, esophageal and lung toxicity. In relation to immunofluorescence analysis, biological processes related to AFB1- and OTA-toxicity were evaluated such as inflammation, neuronal differentiation, DNA damage, oxidative stress and cell death. In flow cytometry analysis, a wide range of assays have been performed across the reviewed studies being apoptosis assay, cell cycle analysis and intracellular ROS measurement the most employed. Although, the toxic effects of AFB1 and OTA have been reported, further research is needed to clarify AFB1 and OTA-mechanism of action on human health.
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Ma Y, Liu G, Tang M, Fang J, Jiang H. Epigallocatechin Gallate Can Protect Mice From Acute Stress Induced by LPS While Stabilizing Gut Microbes and Serum Metabolites Levels. Front Immunol 2021; 12:640305. [PMID: 33868268 PMCID: PMC8047319 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.640305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) has potent biological activity as well as strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. This study aims to explore the protective effect of EGCG on LPS-induced acute injury. We randomly divided 18 mice into three groups: CON, LPS, and EGCG-LPS. We gave the EGCG-LPS group gavage treatment with EGCG on day 8–15 and an intraperitoneal injection of LPS on day 16 to induce acute injury. The results showed that, compared with the LPS group, the bodyweight of the mice in the EGCG-LPS group increased significantly and effectively inhibited the morphological damage of the jejunum and liver. We measured liver tissue and found that the EGCG gavage treatment significantly inhibited the pro-inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1, MIP-2, IFN-γ) and oxidation indicators (MPO, NO, ALT, and AST) levels increase. The microbiological results showed that the EGCG gavage treatment reshaped the disturbance done to the intestinal microbial community in the mice by LPS, reversed the changes in the abundance ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes, and significantly reduced the abundance of Enterobacteriales. Finally, the serum metabolomics results showed that, when compared with the LPS group, the gavage treatment of EGCG significantly increased the concentration of sphingomyelin (d17:1/17:0), sphingomyelin (d16:1/20:0), and significantly reduced the content of trans-Hexadec-2-enoyl carnitine, and so on. Therefore, we believe that EGCG can protect mice from acute stress induced by LPS while stabilizing gut microbes in general, improving the metabolism of sphingolipids, and inhibiting the content of harmful metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ma
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, China
| | - Gang Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, China
| | - Muyang Tang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Fang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, China
| | - Hongmei Jiang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, China
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Elwan H, Xie C, Miao LP, Dong X, Zou XT, Mohany M, Ahmed MM, Al-Rejaie SS, Elnesr SS. Methionine alleviates aflatoxinb1-induced broiler chicks embryotoxicity through inhibition of caspase-dependent apoptosis and enhancement of cellular antioxidant status. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101103. [PMID: 34229218 PMCID: PMC8261005 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Practical methods for preventing embryotoxicity in chickens that are caused by aflatoxin-B1 (AFB1) are currently rare. Binding absorbers are commonly used in feeding stuff to reduce laying hens' exposure to off-contaminated diets, thus reducing residue exposure to fertilized eggs. Nonetheless, several adsorbents have been shown to affect the use of nutrients and the absorption of minerals in poultry. Thus, seeking an effective strategy to counter or control embryotoxicity in broiler chicks caused by AFB1 is a problem. A total of 180 embryonated eggs were injected with 36 ng AFB1 with or without 5.90 mg L-methionine (Met) 30 embryonated eggs each, followed by incubation in an incubator until hatching time. The in ovo injection of Met significantly reduced toxicity caused by AFB1 in broiler embryos by enhancing the liver and kidney functions, lipid profiles, and alleviated oxidative stress during the incubation period. Furthermore, the relative gene expressions (SSTR5, TSH-β, Bcl-2, GSH-Px, GST-a, and SOD in the liver) were up-regulated with in ovo injection of AFB1+Met compared to AFB1 alone. Moreover, there was a dowin-regulated trend in Bax, Caspases-3, Caspases-7, Caspases-9, CYP1A1, CYP2H1, and P53 gene expression with in ovo injection of AFB1+Met compared to AFB1 alone. The in ovo injection of Met led to less apoptotic cells in liver tissues. Such results might be necessary for the poultry industry as it is focused on managing the embryotoxicity of AFB1, which affecting poultry production and welfare. Results from this study demonstrated that in ovo Met injection could alleviate AF-induced toxicity in chicken embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamada Elwan
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Animal and Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, El-Minya, 61519, Egypt
| | - Chao Xie
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - L P Miao
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyang Dong
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Zou
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mohamed Mohany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 55760, Riyadh, 1145, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 55760, Riyadh, 1145, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salim S Al-Rejaie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 55760, Riyadh, 1145, Saudi Arabia
| | - S S Elnesr
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, 63514 Fayoum, Egypt
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Nishimwe K, Agbemafle I, Reddy MB, Keener K, Maier DE. Cytotoxicity assessment of Aflatoxin B1 after high voltage atmospheric cold plasma treatment. Toxicon 2021; 194:17-22. [PMID: 33610633 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a secondary metabolite produced by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus, and is a known carcinogen in humans and animals. High voltage atmospheric cold plasma (HVACP) technology has already shown promise to decontaminate AFB1 in food and feed. This study aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity of AFB1 after HVACP treatment. AFB1 (100 μM) was treated at 85 kV with HVACP for 0, 2, 5, 10, and 20 min. HepG2 cells were exposed to HVACP-treated AFB1 for 72 h and assessed for cell viability, caspase-3 activity, DNA fragmentation, and protein carbonyls for each treatment time. Cell viability, caspase-3 activity, DNA fragmentation levels, and protein carbonyls contents of HepG2 cells exposed to HVACP-treated AFB1 after 20 min was not significantly different compared to non-exposed HepG2 cells (P > 0.05). However, their contents were significantly higher in non-exposed cells compared to the other HVACP treatment times (P < 0.01). Twenty minutes of HVACP treatment for AFB1 significantly reduced AFB1 cytotoxicity and oxidative damage and showed potential as a safe aflatoxin decontamination technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kizito Nishimwe
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA; School of Agriculture and Food Science, University of Rwanda, PO Box 4285, Kigali, Rwanda.
| | - Isaac Agbemafle
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA; School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Hohoe, Ghana
| | - Manju B Reddy
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Kevin Keener
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dirk E Maier
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA; Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
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Yiannikouris A, Apajalahti J, Kettunen H, Ojanperä S, Bell ANW, Keegan JD, Moran CA. Efficient Aflatoxin B1 Sequestration by Yeast Cell Wall Extract and Hydrated Sodium Calcium Aluminosilicate Evaluated Using a Multimodal In-Vitro and Ex-Vivo Methodology. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:24. [PMID: 33401432 PMCID: PMC7824576 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, adsorption of the carcinogenic mycotoxin aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) by two sequestrants-a yeast cell wall-based adsorbent (YCW) and a hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS)-was studied across four laboratory models: (1) an in vitro model from a reference method was employed to quantify the sorption capabilities of both sequestrants under buffer conditions at two pH values using liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (LC-FLD); (2) in a second in vitro model, the influence of the upper gastrointestinal environment on the mycotoxin sorption capacity of the same two sequestrants was studied using a chronic AFB1 level commonly encountered in the field (10 µg/L and in the presence of feed); (3) the third model used a novel ex vivo approach to measure the absorption of 3H-labelled AFB1 in the intestinal tissue and the ability of the sequestrants to offset this process; and (4) a second previously developed ex vivo model readapted to AFB1 was used to measure the transfer of 3H-labelled AFB1 through live intestinal tissue, and the influence of sequestrants on its bioavailability by means of an Ussing chamber system. Despite some sorption effects caused by the feed itself studied in the second model, both in vitro models established that the adsorption capacity of both YCW and HSCAS is promoted at a low acidic pH. Ex vivo Models 3 and 4 showed that the same tested material formed a protective barrier on the epithelial mucosa and that they significantly reduced the transfer of AFB1 through live intestinal tissue. The results indicate that, by reducing the transmembrane transfer rate and reducing over 60% of the concentration of free AFB1, both products are able to significantly limit the bioavailability of AFB1. Moreover, there were limited differences between YCW and HSCAS in their sorption capacities. The inclusion of YCW in the dietary ration could have a positive influence in reducing AFB1's physiological bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Yiannikouris
- Chemistry and Toxicology Division, Center for Animal Nutrigenomic and Applied Animal Nutrition, Alltech Inc., 3031 Nicholasville, KY 40356, USA
| | - Juha Apajalahti
- Alimetrics Ltd., Koskelontie 19B, 02920 Espoo, Finland; (J.A.); (H.K.); (S.O.)
| | - Hannele Kettunen
- Alimetrics Ltd., Koskelontie 19B, 02920 Espoo, Finland; (J.A.); (H.K.); (S.O.)
| | - Suvi Ojanperä
- Alimetrics Ltd., Koskelontie 19B, 02920 Espoo, Finland; (J.A.); (H.K.); (S.O.)
| | - Andrew N. W. Bell
- Alltech Ireland, Sarney, Summerhill Road, A86 X006 Dunboyne, Ireland; (A.N.W.B.); (J.D.K.)
| | - Jason D. Keegan
- Alltech Ireland, Sarney, Summerhill Road, A86 X006 Dunboyne, Ireland; (A.N.W.B.); (J.D.K.)
| | - Colm A. Moran
- Alltech SARL (France), ZA La Papillionnière, Rue Charles Amand, 14500 Vire, France;
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Diet-Induced Obesity Mice Execute Pulmonary Cell Apoptosis via Death Receptor and ER-Stress Pathways after E. coli Infection. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:6829271. [PMID: 32685099 PMCID: PMC7338970 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6829271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has developed into a considerable health problem in the whole world. Escherichia coli (E. coli) can cause nosocomial pneumonia and induce cell apoptosis during injury and infection. Normal (lean) and diet-induced obesity mice (DIO, fed with high-fat diet) were chosen to perform nasal instillation with E. coli to establish a nonfatal acute pneumonia model. At 0 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 72 h postinfection, lung tissues were obtained to measure cell apoptosis. As shown in this study, both lean and DIO mice exhibited histopathological lesions of acute pneumonia and increased cell apoptosis in the lung infected with E. coli. Interestingly, the relative mRNA and protein expressions associated with either endoplasmic reticulum stress or death receptor apoptotic pathway were all dramatically increased in the DIO mice after infection, while only significant upregulation of death receptor apoptotic pathway in the lean mice at 72 h. These results indicated that the DIO mice executed excess cell apoptosis in the nonfatal acute pneumonia induced by E. coli infection through endoplasmic reticulum stress and death receptor apoptotic pathway.
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Fouad AM, Ruan D, El-Senousey HK, Chen W, Jiang S, Zheng C. Harmful Effects and Control Strategies of Aflatoxin B₁ Produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus Strains on Poultry: Review. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:E176. [PMID: 30909549 PMCID: PMC6468546 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11030176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) in poultry diets decreases the hatchability, hatchling weight, growth rate, meat and egg production, meat and egg quality, vaccination efficiency, as well as impairing the feed conversion ratio and increasing the susceptibility of birds to disease and mortality. AFB₁ is transferred from poultry feed to eggs, meat, and other edible parts, representing a threat to the health of consumers because AFB₁ is carcinogenic and implicated in human liver cancer. This review considers how AFB₁ produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus strains can affect the immune system, antioxidant defense system, digestive system, and reproductive system in poultry, as well as its effects on productivity and reproductive performance. Nutritional factors can offset the effects of AFB₁ in poultry and, thus, it is necessary to identify and select suitable additives to address the problems caused by AFB₁ in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Mohamed Fouad
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt.
| | - Dong Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - HebatAllah Kasem El-Senousey
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt.
| | - Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Shouqun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Chuntian Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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10
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Fang J, Zhu P, Yang Z, Peng X, Zuo Z, Cui H, Ouyang P, Shu G, Chen Z, Huang C, Liu W. Selenium Ameliorates AFB 1-Induced Excess Apoptosis in Chicken Splenocytes Through Death Receptor and Endoplasmic Reticulum Pathways. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 187:273-280. [PMID: 29770949 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1361-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) can cause hepatotoxicity, genotoxicity, and immunosuppressive effects for a variety of organisms. Selenium (Se), as an essential nutrient element, plays important protective effects against cell apoptosis induced by AFB1. This research aimed to reveal the ameliorative effects of selenium on AFB1-induced excess apoptosis in chicken splenocytes through death receptor and endoplasmic reticulum pathways in vivo. Two hundred sixteen neonatal chickens, randomized into four treatments, were fed with basal diet (control treatment), 0.4 mg/kg Se supplement (+Se treatment), 0.6 mg/kg AFB1 (AFB1 treatment), and 0.6 mg/kg AFB1 + 0.4 mg/kg Se (AFB1 + Se treatment) during 21 days of experiment, respectively. Compared with the AFB1 treatment, the levels of splenocyte apoptosis in the AFB1 + Se treatment were obviously dropped by flow cytometry and TUNEL assays although they were still significantly higher than those in the control or + Se treatments. Furthermore, the mRNA expressions of CASP-3, CASP-8 and CASP-10, GRP78, GRP94, TNF-α, TNF-R1, FAS, and FASL of splenocytes in the AFB1 + Se treatment by qRT-PCR assay were significantly decreased compared with the AFB1 treatment. These results indicate that Se could partially ameliorate the AFB1-caused excessive apoptosis of chicken splenocytes through downregulation of endoplasmic reticulum and death receptor pathway molecules. This research may rich the knowledge of the detoxification mechanism of Se on AFB1-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Panpan Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuangzhi Yang
- Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Peng
- College of Life Sciences, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637002, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhicai Zuo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hengmin Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Ouyang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Shu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengli Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wentao Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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11
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Engin AB, Engin A. DNA damage checkpoint response to aflatoxin B1. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 65:90-96. [PMID: 30594067 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Although most countries regulate the aflatoxin levels in food by legislations, high amounts of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-DNA adducts can still be detected in normal and tumorous tissue obtained from cancer patients. AFB1 cannot directly interact with DNA unless it is biotransformed to AFB1-8, 9-epoxide via cytochrome p450 enzymes. This metabolite spontaneously and irreversibly attaches to guanine residues to generate highly mutagenic DNA adducts. AFB1-induced mutation of ATM kinase results in the deterioration of the cell cycle checkpoint activation at the G2/M checkpoint site. Genomic instability and increased cancer risk due to A-T mutation is the result of diminished repair of DNA double strand breaks. The major point mutation caused by AFB1 is G-to-T transversion that is related with the high frequency of p53 mutation. Majority of AFB1 associated hepatocellular cancer cases carry TP53 mutant DNA, which is an indicator of AFB1 exposure, as well as hepatocellular cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Basak Engin
- Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Atilla Engin
- Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Ankara, Turkey
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12
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Fang J, Zheng Z, Yang Z, Peng X, Zuo Z, Cui H, Ouyang P, Shu G, Chen Z, Huang C. Ameliorative effects of selenium on the excess apoptosis of the jejunum caused by AFB 1 through death receptor and endoplasmic reticulum pathways. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2018; 7:1108-1119. [PMID: 30510680 PMCID: PMC6220717 DOI: 10.1039/c8tx00068a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), one of most potent and common mycotoxins in human food and animal feed, has hepatotoxic and carcinogenic effects on humans and poultry. Recent studies indicated that selenium (Se) has a protective effect on apoptosis induced by toxin poisoning. The present study was designed to reveal the ameliorative effects of selenium on the expression of apoptosis related molecules in the jejunum of broilers exposed to an AFB1 diet for 3 weeks. A total of 216 one-day-old healthy Cobb broilers were randomly divided into the control group (0 mg kg-1 AFB1), AFB1 group (0.6 mg kg-1 AFB1), AFB1 + Se group (0.6 mg kg-1 AFB1 + 0.4 mg kg-1 supplement Se) and Se group (0.4 mg kg-1 supplement Se), respectively. TUNEL and flow cytometry assays both indicated that 0.4 mg kg-1 selenium could ameliorate excess apoptosis caused by AFB1 in jejunal cells. Moreover, the expressions of FAS, FASL, TNF-α, TNF-R1, CASPASE-3, CASPASE-8, CASPASE-10, GRP78 and GRP94 analyzed by qRT-PCR demonstrated that 0.4 mg kg-1 selenium restored these parameters to be close to those in the control group. In summary, supplementation of selenium at a concentration of 0.4 mg kg-1 selenium could protect the chicken's jejunum from excess apoptosis caused by 0.6 mg kg-1 AFB1 through down-regulating the expression of death receptor pathway and endoplasmic reticulum pathway related molecules. According to this conclusion, this study may contribute to a better understanding of selenium's protective role against AFB1 poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , Sichuan 611130 , PR China .
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province , College of Veterinary Medicine , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , Sichuan 611130 , PR China
| | - Zhixiang Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , Sichuan 611130 , PR China .
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province , College of Veterinary Medicine , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , Sichuan 611130 , PR China
| | - Zhuangzhi Yang
- Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences , Chengdu 611130 , Sichuan , PR China
| | - Xi Peng
- College of Life Sciences , China West Normal University , Nanchong , Sichuan 637002 , PR China .
| | - Zhicai Zuo
- College of Veterinary Medicine , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , Sichuan 611130 , PR China .
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province , College of Veterinary Medicine , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , Sichuan 611130 , PR China
| | - Hengmin Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , Sichuan 611130 , PR China .
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province , College of Veterinary Medicine , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , Sichuan 611130 , PR China
| | - Ping Ouyang
- College of Veterinary Medicine , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , Sichuan 611130 , PR China .
| | - Gang Shu
- College of Veterinary Medicine , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , Sichuan 611130 , PR China .
| | - Zhengli Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , Sichuan 611130 , PR China .
| | - Chao Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , Sichuan 611130 , PR China .
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Zhao H, Wang Y, Shao Y, Liu J, Liu Y, Xing M. Deciphering the ionic homeostasis, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy in chicken intestine under copper(II) stress. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:33172-33182. [PMID: 30255264 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3163-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
As cofactors of several enzymatic, copper (Cu) participates in many essential metabolic processes. Also, as a heavy metal, it exhibits highly toxic to the organism if excessive. This study endeavored to detect the pathophysiological changes in the jejunum of chickens, which were insulted by CuSO4 (300 mg/kg diet) for 90 days. Results showed metabolic disorders of trace elements evidenced by their significant downregulations (Na, Al, Li, B, Cr, Ni, Sn, Sb, Ba) and upregulations (Cu, Si, As, Cd, Se, and Tl) in 90 days. Simultaneously, increased TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)-positive nuclei and distinct ultrastructural apoptotic features were observed. Meanwhile, in 30, 60, and 90 days, indicators of oxidative stress, apoptosis, autophagy, and mitochondrial dynamic were detected to uncover the molecular mechanism behind these pathological changes. The results showed that suppressed antioxidant ability was companied by increased mRNA and protein levels of proapoptosis and mitochondrial fission activating genes in the Cu group compared with chickens in the control group (P < 0.05). Moreover, the markers of autophagy long-chain 3 (LC3-II/LC3-I), Bcl-2-interacting protein (beclin-1), and autophagy-related gene (ATG4B and ATG5) displayed a time-dependent increase during 30, 60, and 90 days. We conjectured that subchronic copper poisoning, under the background of redistribution of trace elements, induced oxidative stress and cascaded apoptosis, autophagy, and mitochondrial disorder, which contributed to jejunotoxicity in chicken. Collectively, our study provides a basic assessment of subchronic Cu exposure on poultry, voicing concerns about copper pollution by anthropogenic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjing Zhao
- Department of Physiology, College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Physiology, College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yizhi Shao
- Department of Physiology, College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Juanjuan Liu
- Department of Physiology, College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhua Liu
- Department of Physiology, College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mingwei Xing
- Department of Physiology, College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China.
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Wang Y, Zhao H, Shao Y, Liu J, Li J, Xing M. Interplay between elemental imbalance-related PI3K/Akt/mTOR-regulated apoptosis and autophagy in arsenic (III)-induced jejunum toxicity of chicken. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:18662-18672. [PMID: 29705899 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2059-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (As2O3), the most toxic form of arsenic found in foodstuffs, is considered a carcinogen for human and animal. But many of the events that occur during its passage through the gastrointestinal tract are uncharted in birds. This study assesses the toxic effect on the jejunum of chicken which subchronically exposed to diets that contain As2O3 (0, 0.625, 1.25, 2.5 mg/kg body weight) for 90 days. Electron microscopy, TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL), qPCR, and Western blot were performed. The results showed that mitochondrial fusion and apoptosis inhibiting genes had degressive trends, whereas mitochondrial fission and apoptosis activating genes presented heightened expressions in the treatment group compared with the control (P < 0.05). Subsequently, significant inhibition in PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling was observed. Moreover, the expression of autophagy markers (LC3-II/LC3-I, Beclin-1) increased time and dose-dependently. Additionally, metabolic disorders of trace elements were detected evidenced by their significant decreases (aluminum, silicon, calcium, manganese, strontium, titanium, lithium, boron, cobalt, mercury, chromium) and increases (arsenic, cadmium, selenium, lead, nickel) on 90 days using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). It is possible that the changes of trace elements have a hand in the come on and development of arsenism. Taken together, we conjectured that, in chicken jejunum, arsenic led to redistribution of trace elements, promoting apoptosis via regulating mitochondrial dynamics, leading to autophagy through PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yizhi Shao
- Department of Physiology, College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Juanjuan Liu
- Department of Physiology, College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinglun Li
- Department of Physiology, College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingwei Xing
- Department of Physiology, College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China.
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Liew WPP, Mohd-Redzwan S. Mycotoxin: Its Impact on Gut Health and Microbiota. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:60. [PMID: 29535978 PMCID: PMC5834427 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The secondary metabolites produced by fungi known as mycotoxins, are capable of causing mycotoxicosis (diseases and death) in human and animals. Contamination of feedstuffs as well as food commodities by fungi occurs frequently in a natural manner and is accompanied by the presence of mycotoxins. The occurrence of mycotoxins' contamination is further stimulated by the on-going global warming as reflected in some findings. This review comprehensively discussed the role of mycotoxins (trichothecenes, zearalenone, fumonisins, ochratoxins, and aflatoxins) toward gut health and gut microbiota. Certainly, mycotoxins cause perturbation in the gut, particularly in the intestinal epithelial. Recent insights have generated an entirely new perspective where there is a bi-directional relationship exists between mycotoxins and gut microbiota, thus suggesting that our gut microbiota might be involved in the development of mycotoxicosis. The bacteria-xenobiotic interplay for the host is highlighted in this review article. It is now well established that a healthy gut microbiota is largely responsible for the overall health of the host. Findings revealed that the gut microbiota is capable of eliminating mycotoxin from the host naturally, provided that the host is healthy with a balance gut microbiota. Moreover, mycotoxins have been demonstrated for modulation of gut microbiota composition, and such alteration in gut microbiota can be observed up to species level in some of the studies. Most, if not all, of the reported effects of mycotoxins, are negative in terms of intestinal health, where beneficial bacteria are eliminated accompanied by an increase of the gut pathogen. The interactions between gut microbiota and mycotoxins have a significant role in the development of mycotoxicosis, particularly hepatocellular carcinoma. Such knowledge potentially drives the development of novel and innovative strategies for the prevention and therapy of mycotoxin contamination and mycotoxicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sabran Mohd-Redzwan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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