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Wang B, Wang F, Qu L, Ma H, Cheng Y, Wu X, Liu J, He L. Prinsepia utilis Royle polysaccharides promote skin barrier repair through the Claudin family. Skin Res Technol 2024; 30:e13848. [PMID: 38978226 PMCID: PMC11231044 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant polysaccharides have various biological activities. However, few studies have been conducted on the skin barrier of Prinsepia utilis Royle polysaccharide extract (PURP). MATERIALS AND METHODS The proportions of polysaccharides, monosaccharides and proteins were determined by extracting polysaccharides from fruit meal using water. The healing rate was measured by cell scratch assays. SDS-damaged reconstructed human epidermal models, an acetone-ether-induced mouse model and an IL-4-induced cellular inflammation model were used to detect the effects of polysaccharides on the phenotype, HA, TEWL, and TEER, with further characterizations performed using QRT-PCR, Western blotting, immunofluorescence (IF) assays. RESULTS PURP contained 35.73% polysaccharides and 11.1% proteins. PURP promoted cell migration and increased skin thickness in a reconstructed human epidermis model. The TEWL significantly decreased, and the HA content significantly increased. PURP significantly increased the TEER and decreased the permeability of the SDS-damaged reconstructed human epidermis model. Claudin-3, Claudin-4, and Claudin-5 were significantly upregulated. IF and Western blot analysis revealed that the Claudin-4 level significantly increased after treatment with PURP. Claudin-1, Claudin-3, Claudin-4, and Claudin-5 gene expression and IF and immunohistochemical staining were significantly increased in mice treated with acetone-ether. PURP promoted the expression of Claudin-1, Claudin-3, Claudin-4, and Claudin-5 after treatment with 100 ng/mL IL-4. PURP also downregulated the expression of NO, IL6, TNFα and NFκB in Raw 264.7 cells and in a mouse model. CONCLUSION We hypothesize that PURP may repair the skin barrier by promoting the expression of the claudin family and can assist in skin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Yunnan Botanee Biotechnology Group Co., Ltd., Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Yunke Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory Co., Ltd., Kunming, China
| | - Feifei Wang
- Yunnan Botanee Biotechnology Group Co., Ltd., Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Yunke Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory Co., Ltd., Kunming, China
| | - Liping Qu
- Yunnan Botanee Biotechnology Group Co., Ltd., Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Yunke Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory Co., Ltd., Kunming, China
| | - Hongyu Ma
- Yunnan Botanee Biotechnology Group Co., Ltd., Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Yunke Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory Co., Ltd., Kunming, China
| | - Yuying Cheng
- Yunnan Botanee Biotechnology Group Co., Ltd., Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Yunke Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory Co., Ltd., Kunming, China
| | - Xinlang Wu
- Yunnan Botanee Biotechnology Group Co., Ltd., Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Yunke Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory Co., Ltd., Kunming, China
| | - Junxi Liu
- Yunnan Botanee Biotechnology Group Co., Ltd., Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Yunke Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory Co., Ltd., Kunming, China
| | - Li He
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Yunke Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory Co., Ltd., Kunming, China
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Borghi A, Guarneri F, Pacetti L, Donelli I, Schettini N, Ravara D, Montesi L, Corazza M. Does sensitive skin lie in epidermal barrier impairment or abnormalities? Results from an observational study assessing biophysical parameters. Ital J Dermatol Venerol 2024; 159:349-356. [PMID: 38635324 DOI: 10.23736/s2784-8671.24.07714-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathophysiology of sensitive skin is largely unknown and no univocal data on the role of the epidermal barrier impairment have been identified. The aim of this study was to assess whether subjects with or without sensitive skin differ for some biophysical skin parameters, which reflect skin barrier integrity or skin hyperactivity. METHODS This observational, cross-sectional study included adult volunteers not affected with chronic inflammatory skin diseases who attended the Unit of Dermatology and the Center of Cosmetology of the University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy, between March 2021 and November 2022. All subjects, subdivided into those with or without sensitive skin, based on either Lactic Acid Stinging Test (LAST) result or a questionnaire-based skin sensitivity score ≥4, were tested for transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin elasticity and hydrations and dermographism. RESULTS One hundred and eighty-seven subjects were included. No significant differences in terms of TEWL, elasticity and hydration levels were recorded between subjects with sensitive skin and those without, subdivided according to both the LAST result and the questionnaire score. Dermographism was elicited more in subjects with sensitive skin than in the others, although without statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS The study failed to find significant biophysical differences between sensitive and non-sensitive skin. Therefore, the role of skin barrier impairment does not appear to be a necessary condition in determining an abnormal skin sensitivity to potentially unpleasant and irritating stimuli. These findings indirectly support the relevance of a peripheral sensory neural hyperactivity in the pathophysiology of sensitive skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Borghi
- Section of Dermatology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Guarneri
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Pacetti
- Section of Dermatology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy -
| | - Irene Donelli
- Center of Cosmetology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Natale Schettini
- Section of Dermatology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Daniela Ravara
- Section of Dermatology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Leda Montesi
- Center of Cosmetology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Monica Corazza
- Section of Dermatology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Yang L, Wu W, Lyu L, Tu Y, Gu H, Chen X, Chai Y, Man M, He L. MiRNA-224-5p regulates the defective permeability barrier in sensitive skin by targeting claudin-5. Skin Res Technol 2024; 30:e13720. [PMID: 38743384 PMCID: PMC11093069 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensitive skin is hypersensitive to various external stimuli and a defective epidermal permeability barrier is an important clinical feature of sensitive skin. Claudin-5 (CLDN5) expression levels decrease in sensitive skin. This study aimed to explore the impact of CLDN5 deficiency on the permeability barrier in sensitive skin and the regulatory role of miRNAs in CLDN5 expression. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 26 patients were retrospectively enrolled, and the CLDN5 expression and permeability barrier dysfunction in vitro were assessed. Then miRNA-224-5p expression was also assessed in sensitive skin. RESULTS Immunofluorescence and electron microscopy revealed reduced CLDN5 expression, increased miR-224-5p expression, and disrupted intercellular junctions in sensitive skin. CLDN5 knockdown was associated with lower transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and Lucifer yellow penetration in keratinocytes and organotypic skin models. The RNA-seq and qRT-PCR results indicated elevated miR-224-5p expression in sensitive skin; MiR-224-5p directly interacted with the 3`UTR of CLDN5, resulting in CLDN5 deficiency in the luciferase reporter assay. Finally, miR-224-5p reduced TEER in keratinocyte cultures. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the miR-224-5p-induced reduction in CLDN5 expression leads to impaired permeability barrier function, and that miR-224-5p could be a potential therapeutic target for sensitive skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Department of DermatologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Institute of Dermatology & Venereology of Yunnan ProvinceKunmingChina
- Department of DermatologyPeople's Hospital of Henan ProvinceZhengzhouChina
| | - Wen‐Juan Wu
- Department of DermatologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Institute of Dermatology & Venereology of Yunnan ProvinceKunmingChina
| | - Le‐Chun Lyu
- Department of DermatologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Institute of Dermatology & Venereology of Yunnan ProvinceKunmingChina
- Department of PhysiologyKunming Medical UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Ying Tu
- Department of DermatologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Institute of Dermatology & Venereology of Yunnan ProvinceKunmingChina
| | - Hua Gu
- Department of DermatologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Institute of Dermatology & Venereology of Yunnan ProvinceKunmingChina
| | - Xiang‐Feng Chen
- Department of DermatologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Institute of Dermatology & Venereology of Yunnan ProvinceKunmingChina
| | - Yan‐Jie Chai
- Department of DermatologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Institute of Dermatology & Venereology of Yunnan ProvinceKunmingChina
| | - Mao‐Qiang Man
- Dermatology ServiceVeterans Affairs Medical Centerand Department of DermatologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoUSA
| | - Li He
- Department of DermatologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Institute of Dermatology & Venereology of Yunnan ProvinceKunmingChina
- Skin Health Research CenterYunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction LaboratoryKunmingChina
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Fluhr JW, Moore DJ, Lane ME, Lachmann N, Rawlings AV. Epidermal barrier function in dry, flaky and sensitive skin: A narrative review. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2024; 38:812-820. [PMID: 38140732 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The stratum corneum (SC)-the outermost layer of the epidermis-is the principal permeability and protective barrier of the skin. Different components of the SC, including corneocytes, natural moisturizing factor, a variety of enzymes and their inhibitors, antimicrobial peptides and lipids, work interactively to maintain barrier function. The main barrier properties of the SC are the limitation of water loss and the prevention of infection and contact with potentially harmful exogenous factors. Although the SC functions consistently as a protective barrier throughout the body, variations in functions and morphology occur across body sites with age and skin type. Healthy SC function also depends on the interplay between the chemosensory barrier, the skin's microbiome and the innate immune system. Dysregulation of SC barrier function can lead to the development of skin disorders, such as dry, flaky or sensitive skin, but the complete underlying pathophysiology of these are not fully understood. This review provides insight into the current literature and emerging themes related to epidermal barrier changes that occur in the context of dry, flaky and sensitive skin. Additional studies are needed to further elucidate the underlying aetiology of dry, flaky and sensitive skin and to provide tailored treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim W Fluhr
- Institute of Allergology IFA Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Majella E Lane
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, UK
| | | | - Anthony V Rawlings
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, UK
- AVR Consulting Ltd., Northwich, UK
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Chen X, Wen J, Wu W, Peng Q, Cui X, He L. A review of factors influencing sensitive skin: an emphasis on built environment characteristics. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1269314. [PMID: 38111482 PMCID: PMC10726041 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1269314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sensitive skin (SS) is a condition characterized by hyperreactivity. Impacting around 37 percent of the worldwide population and exerting an influence on the quality of life for affected individuals. Its prevalence rate has increased due to factors such as elevating stress levels and deteriorating environmental conditions. The exposome factors influencing SS have extended from demographic, biological attributes, and lifestyle to external environments. Built environments (BEs) have demonstrated as root drivers for changes in behaviors and environmental exposure which have the potential to trigger SS, but the review of the associations between BEs and SS is currently lacking. Objective This review aims to achieve two primary objectives: (1) Examine exposome factors that exert influence on SS at the individual and environmental levels. (2) Develop a theoretical framework that establishes a connection between BEs and SS, thereby offering valuable insights into the impact of the built environment on this condition. Methods An extensive literature search was carried out across multiple fields, including sociology, epidemiology, basic medicine, clinical medicine, and environmental research, with a focus on SS. To identify pertinent references, renowned databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and CNKI were utilized. Results SS is the outcome of interactions between individual attributes and environmental factors. These influencing factors can be categorized into five distinct classes: (1) demographic and socioeconomic characteristics including age, gender, and race; (2) physiological and biological attributes such as emotional changes, skin types, sleep disorders, and menstrual cycles in women; (3) behavioral factors, such as spicy diet, cosmetic use, alcohol consumption, and physical exercise; (4) natural environmental features, including climate conditions and air pollution; (5) built environmental features such as population density, green space availability, road network density, and access to public transportation, also have the potential to affect the condition. Conclusion The importance of interdisciplinary integration lies in its ability to ascertain whether and how BEs are impacting SS. By elucidating the role of BEs in conjunction with other factors in the onset of SS, we can provide guidance for future research endeavors and the formulation of interventions aimed at mitigating the prevalence of SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfeng Chen
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jing Wen
- The Centre for Modern Chinese City Studies, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjuan Wu
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Qiuzhi Peng
- Faculty of Land Resources Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xiangfen Cui
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Li He
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Institute of Skin Health, Kunming, China
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6
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Sanders LM, Chandra R, Zebarjadi N, Beale HC, Lyle AG, Rodriguez A, Kephart ET, Pfeil J, Cheney A, Learned K, Currie R, Gitlin L, Vengerov D, Haussler D, Salama SR, Vaske OM. Machine learning multi-omics analysis reveals cancer driver dysregulation in pan-cancer cell lines compared to primary tumors. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1367. [PMID: 36513728 PMCID: PMC9747808 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04075-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell lines have been widely used for decades to study biological processes driving cancer development, and to identify biomarkers of response to therapeutic agents. Advances in genomic sequencing have made possible large-scale genomic characterizations of collections of cancer cell lines and primary tumors, such as the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). These studies allow for the first time a comprehensive evaluation of the comparability of cancer cell lines and primary tumors on the genomic and proteomic level. Here we employ bulk mRNA and micro-RNA sequencing data from thousands of samples in CCLE and TCGA, and proteomic data from partner studies in the MD Anderson Cell Line Project (MCLP) and The Cancer Proteome Atlas (TCPA), to characterize the extent to which cancer cell lines recapitulate tumors. We identify dysregulation of a long non-coding RNA and microRNA regulatory network in cancer cell lines, associated with differential expression between cell lines and primary tumors in four key cancer driver pathways: KRAS signaling, NFKB signaling, IL2/STAT5 signaling and TP53 signaling. Our results emphasize the necessity for careful interpretation of cancer cell line experiments, particularly with respect to therapeutic treatments targeting these important cancer pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M. Sanders
- grid.205975.c0000 0001 0740 6917Department of Biomolecular Engineering, UC Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA USA ,grid.205975.c0000 0001 0740 6917UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, Santa Cruz, CA USA
| | - Rahul Chandra
- grid.34477.330000000122986657Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Navid Zebarjadi
- grid.205975.c0000 0001 0740 6917UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, Santa Cruz, CA USA ,grid.205975.c0000 0001 0740 6917Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, UC Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA USA
| | - Holly C. Beale
- grid.205975.c0000 0001 0740 6917UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, Santa Cruz, CA USA ,grid.205975.c0000 0001 0740 6917Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, UC Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA USA
| | - A. Geoffrey Lyle
- grid.205975.c0000 0001 0740 6917UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, Santa Cruz, CA USA ,grid.205975.c0000 0001 0740 6917Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, UC Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA USA
| | - Analiz Rodriguez
- grid.241054.60000 0004 4687 1637Department of Neurosurgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR USA
| | - Ellen Towle Kephart
- grid.205975.c0000 0001 0740 6917UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, Santa Cruz, CA USA
| | - Jacob Pfeil
- grid.205975.c0000 0001 0740 6917Department of Biomolecular Engineering, UC Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA USA ,grid.205975.c0000 0001 0740 6917UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, Santa Cruz, CA USA
| | - Allison Cheney
- grid.205975.c0000 0001 0740 6917UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, Santa Cruz, CA USA ,grid.205975.c0000 0001 0740 6917Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, UC Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA USA
| | - Katrina Learned
- grid.205975.c0000 0001 0740 6917Department of Biomolecular Engineering, UC Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA USA ,grid.205975.c0000 0001 0740 6917UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, Santa Cruz, CA USA
| | - Rob Currie
- grid.205975.c0000 0001 0740 6917Department of Biomolecular Engineering, UC Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA USA ,grid.205975.c0000 0001 0740 6917UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, Santa Cruz, CA USA
| | - Leonid Gitlin
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California USA
| | - David Vengerov
- grid.419799.b0000 0004 4662 4679Oracle Labs, Oracle Corporation, Pleasanton, CA USA
| | - David Haussler
- grid.205975.c0000 0001 0740 6917Department of Biomolecular Engineering, UC Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA USA ,grid.205975.c0000 0001 0740 6917UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, Santa Cruz, CA USA
| | - Sofie R. Salama
- grid.205975.c0000 0001 0740 6917Department of Biomolecular Engineering, UC Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA USA ,grid.205975.c0000 0001 0740 6917Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UC Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA USA
| | - Olena M. Vaske
- grid.205975.c0000 0001 0740 6917UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, Santa Cruz, CA USA ,grid.205975.c0000 0001 0740 6917Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, UC Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA USA
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7
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Misery L, Bataille A, Talagas M, Le Gall-Ianotto C, Fouchard M, Huet F, Ficheux AS, Roudot AC, Fluhr JW, Brenaut E. Sensitive Skin Syndrome: A Low-Noise Small-Fiber Neuropathy Related to Environmental Factors? FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2022; 3:853491. [PMID: 35399156 PMCID: PMC8990967 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2022.853491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and ObjectivesPatients frequently complain of mild, transient, unpleasant skin sensations that cannot be diagnosed as common neuropathies. Dermatologists have termed these symptoms “sensitive skin syndrome.” This narrative review was performed for a better knowledge by other specialists.Databases and Data TreatmentPublications on pain in sensitive skin syndrome were obtained from PubMed.ResultsThere is a growing body of data supporting the concept that sensitive skin is a type of small-fiber neuropathy. The arguments are based on clinical data, a decrease in intra-epidermal nerve fiber density, quantitative sensory testing abnormalities and an association with irritable bowel syndrome and sensitive eyes. Sensitive skin is triggered by environmental factors. Sensitive skin is a frequent condition, with a lifetime prevalence of ~50% according to self-reports.ConclusionsMild levels of skin pain or itch are frequently experienced by patients, who rarely report them. There is a need for a better knowledge of sensitive skin because it can be the first level of small-fiber neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Misery
- Univ Brest, LIEN, Brest, France
- *Correspondence: Laurent Misery
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Joachim W. Fluhr
- Univ Brest, LIEN, Brest, France
- Department of Dermatology, Venereologie and Allergology, Charité Universitaetsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
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Zuo Y, Jiang P, Wan R, Li L, Gong Q, Hua W. Characterization of Cowhage-induced Pruritus in Sensitive Skin: An Observational Laboratory Study. Acta Derm Venereol 2021; 101:adv00587. [PMID: 34724070 PMCID: PMC9455326 DOI: 10.2340/actadv.v101.413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensitive skin is a prevalent syndrome, characterized by discomfort in response to mild stimuli, which impacts on quality of life. Pruritus is one of the major symptoms of sensitive skin. However, the pathomechanism of sensitive skin is insufficiently understood. As an experimental model for pruritus, the cowhage skin prick test might provide insight into the understanding of sensitive skin. This study aimed to specify the characteristics of cowhage-induced pruritus in sensitive skin. Female volunteers, 20 with sensitive skin and 20 controls, were recruited. Self-report questionnaires were distributed and the responses evaluated; moreover, alongside assessments by dermatologists, skin physiology assessments, lactic acid sting test, capsaicin test and cowhage skin challenge were performed. Pruritus in sensitive skin was perceived as more intense and longer-lasting than in normal skin, with different qualities of accompanying sensations. Cowhage skin challenge results showed moderate consistency with clinical assessments. The results suggest that cowhage skin challenge could be a new tool for the assessment of sensitive skin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Wei Hua
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, China.
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9
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Uehara Y, Inoue T, Ota N, Ikeda S, Murase T. Non-invasive evaluation of subjective sensitive skin by transcriptomics using mRNA in skin surface lipids. Exp Dermatol 2021; 31:172-181. [PMID: 34510552 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sensitive skin is a condition characterized by hypersensitivity to environmental stimuli, and its pathophysiology has not been fully elucidated. Questionnaires based on subjective symptoms, intervention tests, and measuring devices are used to diagnose sensitive skin; however, objective evaluation methods, including biomarkers, remain to be established. This study aimed to investigate the molecular profiles of self-reported sensitive skin, understand its pathophysiology and explore its biomarkers. Here, we analysed RNAs in skin surface lipids (SSL-RNAs), which can be obtained non-invasively by wiping the skin surface with an oil-blotting film, to compare the transcriptome profiles between questionnaire-based "sensitive" (n = 11) and "non-sensitive" (n = 10) skin participants. Exactly 417 differentially expressed genes in SSL-RNAs from individuals with sensitive skin were identified, of which C-C motif chemokine ligand 17 and interferon-γ pathways were elevated, while 50 olfactory receptor (OR) genes were downregulated. The expression of the detectable 101 OR genes was lower in individuals with sensitive skin compared to that in those with non-sensitive skin and was particularly associated with the subjective sensitivity among skin conditions. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve demonstrated that the mean expression levels of OR genes in SSL-RNAs could discriminate subjective skin sensitivity with an area under the ROC curve of 0.836. SSL-RNA profiles suggest a mild inflammatory state in sensitive skin, and overall OR gene expression could be a potential indicator for sensitive skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Uehara
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, Tochigi, Japan.,Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Inoue
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Noriyasu Ota
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shigaku Ikeda
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
Sensitive skin Syndrome (SSS) is a complex global clinical phenomenon that is defined by the self-reported presence of different sensory perceptions, including tightness, stinging, burning, tingling, pain and pruritus and often without objective signs. Due to the subjective nature of this clinical condition, the diagnosis is complex and there is often a disconnect between what subjects feel and what medical professionals can observe. This chapter reviews the known underlying physiology, some of the triggering factors associated with SSS, co-morbidities as well as the psychological impact on individuals suffering from this condition. The goal is to bridge the gap between the physicians’ understanding and the subjects’ perceptions of this real-life condition that affects so many.
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Misery
- LINK, University of Western Brittany, Brest, France
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Brest, Brest, France
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Abstract
Sensitive skin can be considered a neuropathic disorder. Sensory disorders and the decrease in intra-epidermal nerve ending density are strong arguments for small-fiber neuropathies. Sensitive skin is frequently associated with irritable bowel syndrome or sensitive eyes, which are also considered neuropathic disorders. Consequently, in vitro co-cultures of skin and neurons are adequate models for sensitive skin.
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Long Y, Liu J, Jiang H, Xin L, Wan L, Sun Y, Zhang P, Wen J, Huang D, Sun Y, Zhang Y, Bao B, Sun G. Network analysis and transcriptome profiling in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Exp Ther Med 2020; 21:170. [PMID: 33456537 PMCID: PMC7792483 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the differential expression of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). High-throughput gene sequencing technology was used to detect the expression of lncRNA and mRNA in three patients with RA (RA group) and normal controls (NC group). A Bioinformatics analysis was used to assess the effects of differentially expressed mRNAs on signaling pathways and biological functions. The selected dysregulated lncRNAs were verified by reverse transcription-quantitative (RT-q)PCR in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with RA and age- and sex-matched controls. A correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between lncRNAs and clinical indexes. From the lncRNA sequencing data, significantly differentially expressed lncRNAs between the RA and NC groups were identified by a fold change ≥2 and P<0.05. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis suggested that the differentially expressed mRNAs were mainly involved in organelle composition, intracellular regulation, signaling pathways, cancer, virus and inflammation. A total of four of these lncRNAs were confirmed by RT-qPCR to be significantly differentially expressed (LINC00304, MIR503HG, LINC01504 and FAM95B1). Through the correlation analysis, it was confirmed that there was a strong correlation between these lncRNAs and clinical laboratory indicators and indexes such as course of disease, arthrocele and joint tenderness. Overall, the present results suggested that the expression levels of LINC00304, MIR503HG, LINC01504 and FAM95B1 in PBMCs from patients with RA may serve as potential biomarkers for RA diagnosis, influencing the occurrence and progress of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Long
- Department of Graduate, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230011, P.R. China.,Laboratory for Rheumatism, Institute of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230011, P.R. China
| | - Jian Liu
- Laboratory for Rheumatism, Institute of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230011, P.R. China.,Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230038, P.R. China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Laboratory for Rheumatism, Institute of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230011, P.R. China
| | - Ling Xin
- Laboratory for Rheumatism, Institute of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230011, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230038, P.R. China
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230038, P.R. China
| | - Pingheng Zhang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Jianting Wen
- Laboratory for Rheumatism, Institute of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230011, P.R. China
| | - Dan Huang
- Laboratory for Rheumatism, Institute of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230011, P.R. China
| | - Yanqiu Sun
- Laboratory for Rheumatism, Institute of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230011, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Laboratory for Rheumatism, Institute of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230011, P.R. China
| | - Bingxi Bao
- Laboratory for Rheumatism, Institute of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230011, P.R. China
| | - Guanghan Sun
- Laboratory for Rheumatism, Institute of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230011, P.R. China
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Faur A, Watz C, Moacă EA, Avram Ş, Borcan F, Pinzaru I, Iftode A, Nicolov M, Popovici RA, Raica M, Szuhanek CA, Dehelean C. Correlations on Phenolic Screening Related to In Vitro and In Ovo Assessment of Ocimum basilicum L. Hydro-Alcoholic Extracts Used as Skin Active Ingredient. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225442. [PMID: 33233640 PMCID: PMC7699777 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study was aimed to evaluate the phenolic composition parameters of two hydro-alcoholic extracts of Ocimum basilicum L. (OB) obtained from the aerial part (without leaves) and leaves, in order to determine their contribution to the antioxidant activity (AOA). Both hydro-alcoholic extracts have proven to be rich in polyphenolic compounds, flavonoids, flavonols and tannins. Therefore, the leaves’ extracts reveal an inhibition percentage of 89%, almost comparable with the standard reference (95%). To complete the toxicological profile, the study also assessed the potential cytotoxicity of basil hydro-alcoholic extracts on immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT), skin human fibroblasts (1BR3), mice epidermis (JB6Cl41-5a) and primary human melanocytes (HEMa) cells, correlated to A375 antitumor in vitro activity. The extracts did not induce significant cytotoxic effect on any of the selected normal cell lines but showed relevant activity on A375 cells. Considering the low values obtained regarding the irritative effects in the chorionallantoic membrane of the egg on blood vessels, we can emphasize that both extracts can be considered as biocompatible ingredients. Regarding the potential activity of hydro-alcoholic extracts on human skin, the decrease of erythema values after the application of extracts was a relevant observation which indicates the anti-inflammatory potential of Ocimum basilicum L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alin Faur
- Department of Microscopic Morphology/Histology, Angiogenesis Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.F.); (M.R.)
| | - Claudia Watz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physics, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.W.); (M.N.)
| | - Elena-Alina Moacă
- Department of Toxicology and Drug Industry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (I.P.); (A.I.); (C.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-745-762-600
| | - Ştefana Avram
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Florin Borcan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Iulia Pinzaru
- Department of Toxicology and Drug Industry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (I.P.); (A.I.); (C.D.)
| | - Andrada Iftode
- Department of Toxicology and Drug Industry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (I.P.); (A.I.); (C.D.)
| | - Mirela Nicolov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physics, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.W.); (M.N.)
| | - Ramona Amina Popovici
- Department of Management, Legislation and Communication in Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Marius Raica
- Department of Microscopic Morphology/Histology, Angiogenesis Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.F.); (M.R.)
| | - Camelia A. Szuhanek
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Cristina Dehelean
- Department of Toxicology and Drug Industry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (I.P.); (A.I.); (C.D.)
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Zhang Y, Jin Y, Humbert P, Fan X, Cha Y, Guo Y, He L. An herbal cream reduces erythema of sensitive skin. J Cosmet Dermatol 2020; 20:792-797. [PMID: 32710585 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensitive skin manifests itself as a syndrome defined by the occurrence of unpleasant sensations such as stinging, burning, and pruritus. Though not life-threatening, it can negatively impact the quality of people's lives because of symptoms and clinical signs. Although some skin care products can alleviate symptoms of sensitive skin, a product that can improve multiple abnormalities of sensitive skin are largely unavailable. AIMS To assess the efficacy of a newly developed herbal cream in reducing erythema. METHODS A randomized double-blind and self-controlled trial was carried out on a total of 35 volunteers. The test cream (A) was applied topically to one side of the face twice-daily, while the control cream (B) was applied to the other side of the face. Parameters were evaluated prior to, 14, and 28 days after topical applications. Primary endpoints included changes in erythema area, erythema index (EI), and a* value. Transepidermal water loss rates (TEWL), stratum corneum (SC) hydration, and lactic acid sting test (LAST) score, as well as the L* value, served as secondary endpoints. RESULT Treatments with either cream A or B markedly reduced erythema area, EI, and a* value. Significant reductions in both TEWL and L* value were also observed following topical applications of either cream A or B. Moreover, cream A decreased LAST score. Finally, the satisfaction rate of cream A was higher than that of cream B. CONCLUSION The new herbal cream improves cutaneous biophysical properties in subjects with sensitive skin, especially in reducing erythema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjin Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yumei Jin
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Philippe Humbert
- Research Center on the Integument (CERT) Besancon, Ornans, France
| | - Xiaoqing Fan
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yusi Cha
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yanni Guo
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Li He
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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16
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Abstract
Sensitive skin syndrome is a widely reported complaint but a diagnostic challenge because of its subjective symptoms and lack of clearly visible manifestations. Epidemiological studies have shown the prevalence of sensitive skin to be as high as 60-70% among women and 50-60% among men. Patients with this syndrome usually have unpleasant sensations when exposed to physical, thermal, or chemical stimuli that normally cause no provocation on healthy skin. Recent studies and newly accepted position papers have provided a more in-depth understanding and consensus of its underlying pathophysiology, associations, diagnosis, and treatment. Since no clinical studies have been conducted about specific treatment protocols, patients with this condition should be provided with personalized skin management. Given this updated knowledge, our review offers an approach to sensitive skin syndrome, with differential diagnoses, and interventions targeting its pathophysiology.
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17
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Identification of Long Noncoding RNA Associated ceRNA Networks in Rosacea. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:9705950. [PMID: 32185228 PMCID: PMC7060422 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9705950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Rosacea is a chronic and relapsing inflammatory cutaneous disorder with highly variable prevalence worldwide that adversely affects the health of patients and their quality of life. However, the molecular characterization of each rosacea subtype is still unclear. Furthermore, little is known about the role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the pathogenesis or regulatory processes of this disorder. In the current study, we established lncRNA-mRNA coexpression networks for three rosacea subtypes (erythematotelangiectatic, papulopustular, and phymatous) and performed their functional enrichment analyses using Gene Onotology, KEGG, GSEA, and WGCNA. Compared to the control group, 13 differentially expressed lncRNAs and 525 differentially expressed mRNAs were identified in the three rosacea subtypes. The differentially expressed genes identified were enriched in four signaling pathways and the GO terms found were associated with leukocyte migration. In addition, we found nine differentially expressed lncRNAs in all three rosacea subtype-related networks, including NEAT1 and HOTAIR, which may play important roles in the pathology of rosacea. Our study provided novel insights into lncRNA-mRNA coexpression networks to discover the molecular mechanisms involved in rosacea development that can be used as future targets of rosacea diagnosis, prevention, and treatment.
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18
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Bataille A, Le Gall-Ianotto C, Genin E, Misery L. Sensitive Skin: Lessons From Transcriptomic Studies. Front Med (Lausanne) 2019; 6:115. [PMID: 31192213 PMCID: PMC6546803 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2016, a special interest group from the International Forum for the Study of Itch defined sensitive skin (SS) as a syndrome that manifests with the occurrence of unpleasant sensations (stinging, burning, pain, pruritus, and tingling sensations) after stimuli that should not cause a reaction, such as water, cold, heat, or other physical and/or chemical factors. The pathophysiology of sensitive skin is still poorly understood, but the symptoms described suggest inflammation and peripheral innervation. Only two publications have focused on sensitive skin transcriptomics. In the first study, the authors performed a microarray comparison of SS and non-sensitive skin (NSS) samples and showed differences in the expression of numerous genes in SS and NSS samples. Moreover, in the SS samples, two clusters of genes were identified, including upregulated and downregulated genes, compared to NSS samples. These results provide some interesting clues for the understanding of the pathophysiology of SS. The second study compared SS and NSS samples using RNA-seq assays. This method allowed the identification of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and differentially expressed mRNAs and provided a comprehensive profile in subjects with SS. The results showed that a wide range of genes may be involved in the pathogenesis of SS and suggested pathways that could be associated with them. In this paper, we discuss these two studies in detail and show how transcriptomic studies can help understand the pathophysiology of sensitive skin. We call for new transcriptomic studies on larger populations to be conducted before putative pathogenic mechanisms can be detected and analyzed to achieve a better understanding of this complex condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Bataille
- LIEN, F-29200, Univ Brest, Brest, France.,Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Brest, France
| | | | - Emmanuelle Genin
- UMR1078 "Génétique, Génomique Fonctionnelle et Biotechnologies", INSERM, Univ Brest, Brest, France
| | - Laurent Misery
- LIEN, F-29200, Univ Brest, Brest, France.,Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Brest, France
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- L Misery
- Service de dermatologie, CHU de Brest, 2, avenue Foch, 29200 Brest, France; Laboratoire sur les interactions épithéliums-neurones (LIEN-EA4685), université de Bretagne Occidentale, 29200 Brest, France.
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20
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Chao Q, Gao Z, Zhang D, Zhao B, Dong F, Fu C, Liu L, Wang B. The developmental dynamics of the Populus stem transcriptome. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 17:206-219. [PMID: 29851301 PMCID: PMC6330540 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The Populus shoot undergoes primary growth (longitudinal growth) followed by secondary growth (radial growth), which produces biomass that is an important source of energy worldwide. We adopted joint PacBio Iso-Seq and RNA-seq analysis to identify differentially expressed transcripts along a developmental gradient from the shoot apex to the fifth internode of Populus Nanlin895. We obtained 87 150 full-length transcripts, including 2081 new isoforms and 62 058 new alternatively spliced isoforms, most of which were produced by intron retention, that were used to update the Populus annotation. Among these novel isoforms, there are 1187 long non-coding RNAs and 356 fusion genes. Using this annotation, we found 15 838 differentially expressed transcripts along the shoot developmental gradient, of which 1216 were transcription factors (TFs). Only a few of these genes were reported previously. The differential expression of these TFs suggests that they may play important roles in primary and secondary growth. AP2, ARF, YABBY and GRF TFs are highly expressed in the apex, whereas NAC, bZIP, PLATZ and HSF TFs are likely to be important for secondary growth. Overall, our findings provide evidence that long-read sequencing can complement short-read sequencing for cataloguing and quantifying eukaryotic transcripts and increase our understanding of the vital and dynamic process of shoot development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chao
- Key Laboratory of PhotobiologyPhotosynthesis Research CenterInstitute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zhi‐Fang Gao
- Key Laboratory of PhotobiologyPhotosynthesis Research CenterInstitute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Dong Zhang
- Biomarker Technologies CorporationBeijingChina
| | - Biligen‐Gaowa Zhao
- Key Laboratory of PhotobiologyPhotosynthesis Research CenterInstitute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Feng‐Qin Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular PhysiologyInstitute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Chun‐Xiang Fu
- Key Laboratory of BiofuelsQingdao Engineering Research Center of Biomass Resources and EnvironmentQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoShandongChina
| | - Li‐Jun Liu
- College of ForestryShandong Agricultural UniversityTai‐AnShandongChina
| | - Bai‐Chen Wang
- Key Laboratory of PhotobiologyPhotosynthesis Research CenterInstitute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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21
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Prospects of Noncoding RNAs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:6579436. [PMID: 30148169 PMCID: PMC6083484 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6579436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a global health problem and one of the most common malignant tumors. Recent studies have shown that noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) contribute to the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). These RNAs may be involved in a variety of pathological processes such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. In addition, abnormal expression of ncRNAs in HCC may provide potential prognostic or diagnostic biomarkers. This review provides an overview of the role and potential applications of ncRNAs, miRNAs, lncRNAs, circRNAs, and snoRNAs in liver cancer.
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