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Bianconi S, Leppik L, Oppermann E, Marzi I, Henrich D. Direct Current Electrical Stimulation Shifts THP-1-Derived Macrophage Polarization towards Pro-Regenerative M2 Phenotype. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7272. [PMID: 39000377 PMCID: PMC11242703 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
A macrophage shift from the M1 to the M2 phenotype is relevant for promoting tissue repair and regeneration. In a previous in vivo study, we found that direct current (DC) electrical stimulation (EStim) increased the proportion of M2 macrophages in healing tissues and directed the balance of the injury response away from healing/scarring towards regeneration. These observations led us to hypothesize that DC EStim regulates macrophage polarization towards an M2 phenotype. THP-1-derived M0, M1 (IFN-γ and LPS), and M2 (IL-4 and IL-13) macrophages were exposed (or not: control group) to 100 mV/mm of DC EStim, 1 h/day for three days. Macrophage polarization was assessed through gene and surface marker expressions and cytokine secretion profiles. Following DC EStim treatment, M0 cells exhibited an upregulation of M2 marker genes IL10, CD163, and PPARG. In M1 cells, DC EStim upregulated the gene expressions of M2 markers IL10, TGM2, and CD206 and downregulated M1 marker gene CD86. EStim treatment also reduced the surface expression of CD86 and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6. Our results suggest that DC EStim differentially exerts pro-M2 effects depending on the macrophage phenotype: it upregulates typical M2 genes in M0 and M1 cells while inhibiting M1 marker CD86 at the nuclear and protein levels and the secretion of pro-inflammatory interleukins in M1 cells. Conversely, M2 cells appear to be less responsive to the EStim treatment employed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Bianconi
- Department of Trauma Surgery and Orthopedics, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Liudmila Leppik
- Department of Trauma Surgery and Orthopedics, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Elsie Oppermann
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ingo Marzi
- Department of Trauma Surgery and Orthopedics, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dirk Henrich
- Department of Trauma Surgery and Orthopedics, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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2
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Quaranta V, Ballarò C, Giannelli G. Macrophages Orchestrate the Liver Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1772. [PMID: 38730724 PMCID: PMC11083142 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16091772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality. Hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma are the most common types, and despite numerous advances, therapeutic options still remain poor for these cancer patients. Tumor development and progression strictly depend on a supportive tumor microenvironment (TME). Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the most abundant immune cells population within a tumorigenic liver; they sustain cancer cells' growth and invasiveness, and their presence is correlated with a poor prognosis. Furthermore, TAM cross-talk with cells and components of the TME promotes immunosuppression, a desmoplastic response, and angiogenesis. In this review, we summarize the latest advances in understanding TAM heterogeneity and function, with a particular focus on TAM modulation of the TME. We also discuss the potential of targeting macrophage subpopulations and how this is now being exploited in current clinical trials for the treatment of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Quaranta
- National Institute of Gastroenterology, IRCCS “S. de Bellis” Research Hospital, Via Turi 27, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy (G.G.)
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3
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Kim SW, Kim CW, Moon YA, Kim HS. Reprogramming of tumor-associated macrophages by metabolites generated from tumor microenvironment. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2024; 28:123-136. [PMID: 38577621 PMCID: PMC10993762 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2024.2336249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment comprises both tumor and non-tumor stromal cells, including tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), endothelial cells, and carcinoma-associated fibroblasts. TAMs, major components of non-tumor stromal cells, play a crucial role in creating an immunosuppressive environment by releasing cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and immune checkpoint proteins that inhibit T cell activity. During tumors develop, cancer cells release various mediators, including chemokines and metabolites, that recruit monocytes to infiltrate tumor tissues and subsequently induce an M2-like phenotype and tumor-promoting properties. Metabolites are often overlooked as metabolic waste or detoxification products but may contribute to TAM polarization. Furthermore, macrophages display a high degree of plasticity among immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, enabling them to either inhibit or facilitate cancer progression. Therefore, TAM-targeting has emerged as a promising strategy in tumor immunotherapy. This review provides an overview of multiple representative metabolites involved in TAM phenotypes, focusing on their role in pro-tumoral polarization of M2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Woo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Woo Kim
- Cancer Immunotherapy Evaluation Team, Non-Clinical Evaluation Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation (KBIO Health), Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ah Moon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Seok Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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4
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Ajam-Hosseini M, Heydari R, Rasouli M, Akhoondi F, Asadi Hanjani N, Bekeschus S, Doroudian M. Lactic acid in macrophage polarization: A factor in carcinogenesis and a promising target for cancer therapy. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 222:116098. [PMID: 38431231 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Cancer remains a formidable challenge, continually revealing its intricate nature and demanding novel treatment approaches. Within this intricate landscape, the tumor microenvironment and its dynamic components have gained prominence, particularly macrophages that can adopt diverse polarization states, exerting a profound influence on cancer progression. Recent revelations have spotlighted lactic acid as a pivotal player in this complex interplay. This review systematically explores lactic acid's multifaceted role in macrophage polarization, focusing on its implications in carcinogenesis. We commence by cultivating a comprehensive understanding of the tumor microenvironment and the pivotal roles played by macrophages. The dynamic landscape of macrophage polarization, typified by M1 and M2 phenotypes, is dissected to reveal its substantial impact on tumor progression. Lactic acid, a metabolic byproduct, emerges as a key protagonist, and we meticulously unravel the mechanisms underpinning its generation within cancer cells, shedding light on its intimate association with glycolysis and its transformative effects on the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, we decipher the intricate molecular framework that underlies lactic acid's pivotal role in facilitating macrophage polarization. Our review underscores lactic acid's dual role in carcinogenesis, orchestrating tumor growth and immune modulation within the tumor microenvironment, thereby profoundly influencing the balance between pro-tumor and anti-tumor immune responses. This duality highlights the therapeutic potential of selectively manipulating lactic acid metabolism for cancer treatment. Exploring strategies to inhibit lactic acid production by tumor cells, novel approaches to impede lactic acid transport in the tumor microenvironment, and the burgeoning field of immunotherapeutic cancer therapies utilizing lactic acid-induced macrophage polarization form the core of our investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mobarakeh Ajam-Hosseini
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Romina Heydari
- Department of Cell and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Rasouli
- Department of Physics, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran; Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Akhoondi
- Department of Molecular Biology of the Cell, Faculty of Bioscience, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Niloofar Asadi Hanjani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Student Research Committee, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sander Bekeschus
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venerology, Rostock University Medical Center, Strempelstr. 13, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Mohammad Doroudian
- Department of Cell and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
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Peckert-Maier K, Wild AB, Sprißler L, Fuchs M, Beck P, Auger JP, Sinner P, Strack A, Mühl-Zürbes P, Ramadan N, Kunz M, Krönke G, Stich L, Steinkasserer A, Royzman D. Soluble CD83 modulates human-monocyte-derived macrophages toward alternative phenotype, function, and metabolism. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1293828. [PMID: 38162675 PMCID: PMC10755915 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1293828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Alterations in macrophage (Mφ) polarization, function, and metabolic signature can foster development of chronic diseases, such as autoimmunity or fibrotic tissue remodeling. Thus, identification of novel therapeutic agents that modulate human Mφ biology is crucial for treatment of such conditions. Herein, we demonstrate that the soluble CD83 (sCD83) protein induces pro-resolving features in human monocyte-derived Mφ biology. We show that sCD83 strikingly increases the expression of inhibitory molecules including ILT-2 (immunoglobulin-like transcript 2), ILT-4, ILT-5, and CD163, whereas activation markers, such as MHC-II and MSR-1, were significantly downregulated. This goes along with a decreased capacity to stimulate alloreactive T cells in mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) assays. Bulk RNA sequencing and pathway analyses revealed that sCD83 downregulates pathways associated with pro-inflammatory, classically activated Mφ (CAM) differentiation including HIF-1A, IL-6, and cytokine storm, whereas pathways related to alternative Mφ activation and liver X receptor were significantly induced. By using the LXR pathway antagonist GSK2033, we show that transcription of specific genes (e.g., PPARG, ABCA1, ABCG1, CD36) induced by sCD83 is dependent on LXR activation. In summary, we herein reveal for the first time mechanistic insights into the modulation of human Mφ biology by sCD83, which is a further crucial preclinical study for the establishment of sCD83 as a new therapeutical agent to treat inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Peckert-Maier
- Department of Immune Modulation, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich– Alexander Universität Erlangen–Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas B. Wild
- Department of Immune Modulation, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich– Alexander Universität Erlangen–Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Laura Sprißler
- Department of Immune Modulation, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich– Alexander Universität Erlangen–Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Fuchs
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Hannover, Germany
| | - Philipp Beck
- Department of Immune Modulation, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich– Alexander Universität Erlangen–Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jean-Philippe Auger
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Pia Sinner
- Department of Immune Modulation, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich– Alexander Universität Erlangen–Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Astrid Strack
- Department of Immune Modulation, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich– Alexander Universität Erlangen–Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Petra Mühl-Zürbes
- Department of Immune Modulation, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich– Alexander Universität Erlangen–Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ntilek Ramadan
- Department of Immune Modulation, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich– Alexander Universität Erlangen–Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Meik Kunz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Hannover, Germany
- Chair of Medical Informatics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Gerhard Krönke
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lena Stich
- Department of Immune Modulation, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich– Alexander Universität Erlangen–Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander Steinkasserer
- Department of Immune Modulation, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich– Alexander Universität Erlangen–Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dmytro Royzman
- Department of Immune Modulation, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich– Alexander Universität Erlangen–Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Zhao S, Wang Q, Liu Y, Zhang P, Ji W, Xie J, Cheng C. Interaction, immune infiltration characteristics and prognostic modeling of efferocytosis-related subtypes in glioblastoma. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:248. [PMID: 37853449 PMCID: PMC10583324 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01688-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Efferocytosis is a biological process in which phagocytes remove apoptotic cells and vesicles from tissues. This process is initiated by the release of inflammatory mediators from apoptotic cells and plays a crucial role in resolving inflammation. The signals associated with efferocytosis have been found to regulate the inflammatory response and the tumor microenvironment (TME), which promotes the immune escape of tumor cells. However, the role of efferocytosis in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is not well understood and requires further investigation. METHODS In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of 22 efferocytosis-related genes (ERGs) by searching for studies related to efferocytosis. Using bulk RNA-Seq and single-cell sequencing data, we analyzed the expression and mutational characteristics of these ERGs. By using an unsupervised clustering algorithm, we obtained ERG clusters from 549 GBM patients and evaluated the immune infiltration characteristics of each cluster. We then identified differential genes (DEGs) in the two ERG clusters and classified GBM patients into different gene clusters using univariate cox analysis and unsupervised clustering algorithms. Finally, we utilized the Boruta algorithm to screen for prognostic genes and reduce dimensionality, and the PCA algorithm was applied to create a novel efferocytosis-related scoring system. RESULTS Differential expression of ERGs in glioma cell lines and normal cells was analyzed by rt-PCR. Cell function experiments, on the other hand, validated TIMD4 as a tumor risk factor in GBM. We found that different ERG clusters and gene clusters have distinct prognostic and immune infiltration profiles. The ERG signature we developed provides insight into the tumor microenvironment of GBM. Patients with lower ERG scores have a better survival rate and a higher likelihood of benefiting from immunotherapy. CONCLUSIONS Our novel efferocytosis-related signature has the potential to be used in clinical practice for risk stratification of GBM patients and for selecting individuals who are likely to respond to immunotherapy. This can help clinicians design appropriate targeted therapies before initiating clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songyun Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yuankun Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Pengpeng Zhang
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jiaheng Xie
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Chao Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China.
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Nour SM, Abbasi N, Sadi S, Ravan N, Alipourian A, Yarizadeh M, Soofi A, Ataei A, Tehrany PM. miRNAs as key modulators between normal cells and tumor microenvironment interactions. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 102:939-950. [PMID: 37402595 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is well-defined target for understanding tumor progression and various cell types. Major elements of the tumor microenvironment are the followings: endothelial cells, fibroblasts, signaling molecules, extracellular matrix, and infiltrating immune cells. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small noncoding RNAs with major functions in the gene expression regulation at post-transcriptional level that have also appeared to exerts key functions in the cancer initiation/progression in diverse biological processes and the tumor microenvironment. This study summarized various roles of miRNAs in the complex interactions between the tumor and normal cells in their microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadia Abbasi
- School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sima Sadi
- Medical Doctor, Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Navid Ravan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Alipourian
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mahsa Yarizadeh
- Tehran Medical Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asma Soofi
- Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Ataei
- School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Pooya M Tehrany
- Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Bani, Malaysia
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Li J, Guo Q, Xing R. Construction and validation of an immune infiltration-related risk model for predicting prognosis and immunotherapy response in low grade glioma. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:727. [PMID: 37543576 PMCID: PMC10403952 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11222-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low grade glioma (LGG) is considered a heterogeneous tumor with highly variable survival and limited efficacy of immunotherapy. To identify high-risk subsets and apply immunotherapy effectively in LGG, the status and function of immune infiltration in the glioma microenvironment must be explored. METHODS Four independent glioma cohorts comprising 1,853 patients were enrolled for bioinformatics analysis. We used ConsensusClusterPlus to cluster patients into four different immune subtypes based on immune infiltration. The immune-infiltration signature (IIS) was constructed by LASSO regression analysis. Somatic mutation and copy number variation (CNV) analyses were performed to explore genomic and transcriptomic traits in the high- and low- risk groups. The correlation between response to programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) blockade and the IIS risk score was confirmed in an in vivo glioma model. RESULTS Patients were clustered into four different immune subtypes based on immune infiltration, and the high immune infiltration subtype was associated with worse survival in LGG. The high immune infiltration subtype had stronger inflammatory response, immune response and immune cell chemotaxis. The IIS, consisting of EMP3, IQGAP2, METTL7B, SLC1A6 and TNFRSF11B, could predict LGG malignant progression, which was validated with internal clinical samples. M2 macrophage infiltration positively correlated with the IIS risk score. The high-risk group had significantly more somatic mutations and CNVs. The IIS risk score was related to immunomodulatory molecules and could predict immunotherapy clinical benefit. In vivo, immunotherapy-sensitive glioma model exhibited higher IIS risk score and more infiltration of immune cells, especially M2 macrophages. The IIS risk score was decreased in an immunotherapy-sensitive glioma model after anti-PD1 immunotherapy. CONCLUSION Different immune subtypes of LGG had unique immune cell infiltration characteristics, and the high immune infiltration subtype was associated with immunosuppressive signaling pathways. A novel IIS prognostic model based on immune infiltration status was constructed for immunophenotypic classification, risk stratification, prognostication and immunotherapy response prediction in LGG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinna Li
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, China
| | - Qing Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, China.
| | - Rui Xing
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, China.
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Zheng X, Sarode P, Weigert A, Turkowski K, Chelladurai P, Günther S, Kuenne C, Winter H, Stenzinger A, Reu S, Grimminger F, Stiewe T, Seeger W, Pullamsetti SS, Savai R. The HDAC2-SP1 Axis Orchestrates Protumor Macrophage Polarization. Cancer Res 2023; 83:2345-2357. [PMID: 37205635 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-1270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), including antitumor M1-like TAMs and protumor M2-like TAMs, are transcriptionally dynamic innate immune cells with diverse roles in lung cancer development. Epigenetic regulators are key in controlling macrophage fate in the heterogeneous tumor microenvironment. Here, we demonstrate that the spatial proximity of HDAC2-overexpressing M2-like TAMs to tumor cells significantly correlates with poor overall survival of lung cancer patients. Suppression of HDAC2 in TAMs altered macrophage phenotype, migration, and signaling pathways related to interleukins, chemokines, cytokines, and T-cell activation. In coculture systems of TAMs and cancer cells, suppressing HDAC2 in TAMs resulted in reduced proliferation and migration, increased apoptosis of cancer cell lines and primary lung cancer cells, and attenuated endothelial cell tube formation. HDAC2 regulated the M2-like TAM phenotype via acetylation of histone H3 and transcription factor SP1. Myeloid cell-specific deletion of Hdac2 and pharmacologic inhibition of class I HDACs in four different murine lung cancer models induced the switch from M2-like to M1-like TAMs, altered infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and reduced tumor growth and angiogenesis. TAM-specific HDAC2 expression may provide a biomarker for lung cancer stratification and a target for developing improved therapeutic approaches. SIGNIFICANCE HDAC2 inhibition reverses the protumor phenotype of macrophages mediated by epigenetic modulation induced by the HDAC2-SP1 axis, indicating a therapeutic option to modify the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zheng
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Poonam Sarode
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Weigert
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Kati Turkowski
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Prakash Chelladurai
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Stefan Günther
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Carsten Kuenne
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Hauke Winter
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the DZL; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Thoraxklinik at the University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Simone Reu
- Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Friedrich Grimminger
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Member of the DZL, Member of the CPI, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Thorsten Stiewe
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the DZL, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Werner Seeger
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Member of the DZL, Member of the CPI, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Soni Savai Pullamsetti
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Member of the DZL, Member of the CPI, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rajkumar Savai
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Member of the DZL, Member of the CPI, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
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10
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Liu N, Butcher JT, Nakano A, del Campo A. Changes in macrophage immunometabolism as a marker of skeletal muscle dysfunction across the lifespan. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:4035-4050. [PMID: 37244285 PMCID: PMC10258037 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
One of the most pronounced changes in the elderly is loss of strength and mobility due to the decline of skeletal muscle function, resulting in a multifactorial condition termed sarcopenia. Although significant clinical changes begin to manifest at advanced ages, recent studies have shown that changes at the cellular and molecular level precede the symptomatology of sarcopenia. By utilizing a single-cell transcriptomic atlas of mouse skeletal muscle across the lifespan, we identified a clear sign of immune senescence that presents during middle age. More importantly, the change in macrophage phenotype in middle age may explain the changes in extracellular matrix composition, especially collagen synthesis, that contributes to fibrosis and overall muscle weakness with advanced age. Our results show a novel paradigm whereby skeletal muscle dysfunction is driven by alterations in tissue-resident macrophages before the appearance of clinical symptoms in middle-aged mice, providing a new therapeutic approach via regulation of immunometabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norika Liu
- Department of Cell Physiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Joshua T. Butcher
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Atsushi Nakano
- Department of Cell Physiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- David Geffen Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Andrea del Campo
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Bioenergetica Celular, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7810000, Chile
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11
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Xie L, Chen J, Wang Y, Jin C, Xie Y, Ma H, Xiang M. Emerging roles of macrophages in heart failure and associated treatment approaches. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2023; 14:20406223231168755. [PMID: 37152348 PMCID: PMC10155014 DOI: 10.1177/20406223231168755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is typically caused by different cardiovascular conditions and has a poor prognosis. Despite the advances in treatment in recent decades, heart failure has remained a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. As revealed by in vivo and in vitro experiments, inflammation plays a crucial role in adverse cardiac remodeling, ultimately leading to heart failure. Macrophages are central to the innate immune system, and they are the most indispensable cell type for all cardiac injuries and remodeling stages. The immediate microenvironment regulates their polarization and secretion. In this review, we summarize the phenotypic heterogeneity and governing roles of macrophages in the infarcted, inflamed, and aging heart and assess their significance as potential therapeutic targets in heart failure. We also highlight the current missing links and major challenges in the field that remain to be addressed before macrophages can be exploited for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Xie
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated
Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinyong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated
Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yidong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated
Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengjiang Jin
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated
Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yao Xie
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated
Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated
Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310009,
China
| | - Meixiang Xiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated
Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310009,
China
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12
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Erdem JS, Závodná T, Ervik TK, Skare Ø, Hron T, Anmarkrud KH, Kuśnierczyk A, Catalán J, Ellingsen DG, Topinka J, Zienolddiny-Narui S. High aspect ratio nanomaterial-induced macrophage polarization is mediated by changes in miRNA levels. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1111123. [PMID: 36776851 PMCID: PMC9911541 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1111123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Inhalation of nanomaterials may induce inflammation in the lung which if left unresolved can manifest in pulmonary fibrosis. In these processes, alveolar macrophages have an essential role and timely modulation of the macrophage phenotype is imperative in the onset and resolution of inflammatory responses. This study aimed to investigate, the immunomodulating properties of two industrially relevant high aspect ratio nanomaterials, namely nanocellulose and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), in an alveolar macrophage model. Methods MH-S alveolar macrophages were exposed at air-liquid interface to cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), cellulose nanofibers (CNF) and two MWCNT (NM-400 and NM-401). Following exposure, changes in macrophage polarization markers and secretion of inflammatory cytokines were analyzed. Furthermore, the potential contribution of epigenetic regulation in nanomaterial-induced macrophage polarization was investigated by assessing changes in epigenetic regulatory enzymes, miRNAs, and rRNA modifications. Results Our data illustrate that the investigated nanomaterials trigger phenotypic changes in alveolar macrophages, where CNF exposure leads to enhanced M1 phenotype and MWCNT promotes M2 phenotype. Furthermore, MWCNT exposure induced more prominent epigenetic regulatory events with changes in the expression of histone modification and DNA methylation enzymes as well as in miRNA transcript levels. MWCNT-enhanced changes in the macrophage phenotype were correlated with prominent downregulation of the histone methyltransferases Kmt2a and Smyd5 and histone deacetylases Hdac4, Hdac9 and Sirt1 indicating that both histone methylation and acetylation events may be critical in the Th2 responses to MWCNT. Furthermore, MWCNT as well as CNF exposure led to altered miRNA levels, where miR-155-5p, miR-16-1-3p, miR-25-3p, and miR-27a-5p were significantly regulated by both materials. PANTHER pathway analysis of the identified miRNA targets showed that both materials affected growth factor (PDGF, EGF and FGF), Ras/MAPKs, CCKR, GnRH-R, integrin, and endothelin signaling pathways. These pathways are important in inflammation or in the activation, polarization, migration, and regulation of phagocytic capacity of macrophages. In addition, pathways involved in interleukin, WNT and TGFB signaling were highly enriched following MWCNT exposure. Conclusion Together, these data support the importance of macrophage phenotypic changes in the onset and resolution of inflammation and identify epigenetic patterns in macrophages which may be critical in nanomaterial-induced inflammation and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Samulin Erdem
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway,*Correspondence: Johanna Samulin Erdem,
| | - Táňa Závodná
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine, the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | | | - Øivind Skare
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tomáš Hron
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czechia
| | | | - Anna Kuśnierczyk
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway,Proteomics and Modomics Experimental Core Facility and St. Olavs Hospital Central Staff, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Julia Catalán
- Department of Work Safety, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland,Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Genetics, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Jan Topinka
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine, the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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13
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Chen C, Liu T, Tang Y, Luo G, Liang G, He W. Epigenetic regulation of macrophage polarization in wound healing. BURNS & TRAUMA 2023; 11:tkac057. [PMID: 36687556 PMCID: PMC9844119 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkac057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The immune microenvironment plays a critical role in regulating skin wound healing. Macrophages, the main component of infiltrating inflammatory cells, play a pivotal role in shaping the immune microenvironment in the process of skin wound healing. Macrophages comprise the classic proinflammatory M1 subtype and anti-inflammatory M2 population. In the early inflammatory phase of skin wound closure, M1-like macrophages initiate and amplify the local inflammatory response to disinfect the injured tissue. In the late tissue-repairing phase, M2 macrophages are predominant in wound tissue and limit local inflammation to promote tissue repair. The biological function of macrophages is tightly linked with epigenomic organization. Transcription factors are essential for macrophage polarization. Epigenetic modification of transcription factors determines the heterogeneity of macrophages. In contrast, transcription factors also regulate the expression of epigenetic enzymes. Both transcription factors and epigenetic enzymes form a complex network that regulates the plasticity of macrophages. Here, we describe the latest knowledge concerning the potential epigenetic mechanisms that precisely regulate the biological function of macrophages and their effects on skin wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yuanyang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
- Academy of Biological Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gaoxing Luo
- Correspondence. Gaoxing Luo, ; Guangping Liang, ; Weifeng He,
| | - Guangping Liang
- Correspondence. Gaoxing Luo, ; Guangping Liang, ; Weifeng He,
| | - Weifeng He
- Correspondence. Gaoxing Luo, ; Guangping Liang, ; Weifeng He,
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14
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Cao K, Su F, Shan X, Jiang X, Ni Z, Chen Y. Necroptosis-related lncRNAs: establishment of a gene module and distinction between the cold and hot tumors in glioma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1087117. [PMID: 37152037 PMCID: PMC10160458 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1087117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gliomas are the most common primary tumors of the central nervous system and portend a poor prognosis. The efficacy of emerging and promising immunotherapies varies significantly among individuals. Distinction and transformation of cold and hot tumors may improve the antitumor efficacy of immunotherapy. Methods and Results In this study, we constructed a necroptosis-related lncRNA module based on public databases. The association of this module with survival was assessed using the Cox regression, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, and nomogram, external validation was also conducted in another public database. Furthermore, we performed gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), immune checkpoint and tumor microenvironment analysis, and in vitro qRT-PCR validation. Finally, we clustered all samples into 2 clusters based on the expression of model lncRNAs and identified cluster 1 as cold tumors with fewer infiltrating T cells. Conclusions Identifying cold and hot tumors by necroptosis-related lncRNAs can help available immunotherapeutic strategies to achieve efficacy in the precise treatment of individuals. Prior treatment failure can be overcome by targeting necroptosis-related lncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangxi Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fengbo Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuchun Shan
- Department of Pathogenobiology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- Department of Pathogenobiology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhaohui Ni
- Department of Pathogenobiology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Zhaohui Ni, ; Yan Chen,
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Zhaohui Ni, ; Yan Chen,
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15
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Anagnostakis F, Piperi C. Targeting Options of Tumor-Associated Macrophages (TAM) Activity in Gliomas. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:457-470. [PMID: 35048810 PMCID: PMC10207914 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220120120203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), the most plastic cells of the hematopoietic system, exhibit increased tumor-infiltrating properties and functional heterogeneity depending on tumor type and associated microenvironment. TAMs constitute a major cell type of cancer-related inflammation, commonly enhancing tumor growth. They are profoundly involved in glioma pathogenesis, contributing to many cancer hallmarks such as angiogenesis, survival, metastasis, and immunosuppression. Efficient targeting of TAMs presents a promising approach to tackle glioma progression. Several targeting options involve chemokine signaling axes inhibitors and antibodies, antiangiogenic factors, immunomodulatory molecules, surface immunoglobulins blockers, receptor and transcription factor inhibitors, as well as microRNAs (miRNAs), administered either as standalone or in combination with other conventional therapies. Herein, we provide a critical overview of current therapeutic approaches targeting TAMs in gliomas with the promising outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527Athens, Greece
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16
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Dey S, Murmu N, Mondal T, Saha I, Chatterjee S, Manna R, Haldar S, Dash SK, Sarkar TR, Giri B. Multifaceted entrancing role of glucose and its analogue, 2-deoxy-D-glucose in cancer cell proliferation, inflammation, and virus infection. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113801. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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17
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Vadevoo SMP, Gunassekaran GR, Yoo JD, Kwon TH, Hur K, Chae S, Lee B. Epigenetic therapy reprograms M2-type tumor-associated macrophages into an M1-like phenotype by upregulating miR-7083-5p. Front Immunol 2022; 13:976196. [PMID: 36483544 PMCID: PMC9724234 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.976196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Reprogramming M2-type, pro-tumoral tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) into M1-type, anti-tumoral macrophages is a key strategy in cancer therapy. In this study, we exploited epigenetic therapy using the DNA methylation inhibitor 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC) and the histone deacetylation inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA), to reprogram M2-type macrophages into an M1-like phenotype. Treatment of M2-type macrophages with the combination of 5-aza-dC and TSA decreased the levels of M2 macrophage cytokines while increasing those of M1 macrophage cytokines, as compared to the use of either therapy alone. Conditioned medium of M2 macrophages treated with the combination of 5-aza-dC and TSA sensitized the tumor cells to paclitaxel. Moreover, treatment with the combination inhibited tumor growth and improved anti-tumor immunity in the tumor microenvironment. Depletion of macrophages reduced the anti-tumor growth activity of the combination therapy. Profiling of miRNAs revealed that the expression of miR-7083-5p was remarkably upregulated in M2 macrophages, following treatment with 5-aza-dC and TSA. Transfection of miR-7083-5p reprogrammed the M2-type macrophages towards an M1-like phenotype, and adoptive transfer of M2 macrophages pre-treated with miR-7083-5p into mice inhibited tumor growth. miR-7083-5p inhibited the expression of colony-stimulating factor 2 receptor alpha and CD43 as candidate targets. These results show that epigenetic therapy upon treatment with the combination of 5-aza-dC and TSA skews M2-type TAMs towards the M1-like phenotype by upregulating miR-7083-5p, which contributes to the inhibition of tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Murugan Poongkavithai Vadevoo
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea,Cell & Matrix Research Institute (CMRI), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Gowri Rangaswamy Gunassekaran
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea,Cell & Matrix Research Institute (CMRI), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jae Do Yoo
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea,Cell & Matrix Research Institute (CMRI), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Tae-Hwan Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea,Cell & Matrix Research Institute (CMRI), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea,Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Keun Hur
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea,Cell & Matrix Research Institute (CMRI), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea,Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sehyun Chae
- Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, South Korea
| | - Byungheon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea,Cell & Matrix Research Institute (CMRI), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea,Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea,*Correspondence: Byungheon Lee,
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18
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Wang Y, Liu Y, Zhang C, Zhang C, Guan X, Jia W. Differences of macrophages in the tumor microenvironment as an underlying key factor in glioma patients. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1028937. [DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1028937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundMacrophages, the major immune cells in glioma microenvironment, are closely related to tumor prognosis. Further studies are needed to investigate macrophages, which will be helpful to fully understand the role of it and early achieve clinical translation.MethodsA total of 1334 glioma cases were enrolled in this study from 3 databases. In our works, the single cell cohorts from GSE89567, GSE84465, and the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) datasets were used to analyze the key genes of macrophage. The bulk sequencing data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and CGGA datasets were respectively divided into the training set and validation set to test prognostic value of the key genes from single cell analysis.ResultsQuantitative and functional differences significantly emerge in macrophage clusters between LGG and GBM. Firstly, we used the Seurat R package to identify 281 genes differentially expressed genes in macrophage clusters between LGG and GBM. Furthermore, based on these genes, we developed a predictive risk model to predict prognosis and reflect the immune microenvironment in glioma. The risk score calculation formula was yielded as follows: Risk score = (0.11 × EXPMACC1) + (−0.31 × EXPOTUD1) + (−0.09 × EXPTCHH) + (0.26 × EXPADPRH) + (-0.40× EXPABCG2) + (0.21 × EXPPLBD1) + (0.12 × EXPANG) + (0.29 × EXPQPCT). The risk score was independently related to prognosis. Further, significant differences existed in immunological characteristics between the low- and high-risk score groups. What is more, mutation analysis found different genomic patterns associated with the risk score.ConclusionThis study further confirms that the proportion of macrophage infiltration is not only significantly different, but the function of them is also different. The signature, identified from the differentially expressed macrophage-related genes impacts poor prognosis and short overall survival and may act as therapeutic targets in the future.
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19
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Marrocco A, Ortiz LA. Role of metabolic reprogramming in pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion from LPS or silica-activated macrophages. Front Immunol 2022; 13:936167. [PMID: 36341426 PMCID: PMC9633986 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.936167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the lungs, macrophages constitute the first line of defense against pathogens and foreign bodies and play a fundamental role in maintaining tissue homeostasis. Activated macrophages show altered immunometabolism and metabolic changes governing immune effector mechanisms, such as cytokine secretion characterizing their classic (M1) or alternative (M2) activation. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages demonstrate enhanced glycolysis, blocked succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), and increased secretion of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Glycolysis suppression using 2 deoxyglucose in LPS-stimulated macrophages inhibits IL-1β secretion, but not TNF-α, indicating metabolic pathway specificity that determines cytokine production. In contrast to LPS, the nature of the immunometabolic responses induced by non-organic particles, such as silica, in macrophages, its contribution to cytokine specification, and disease pathogenesis are not well understood. Silica-stimulated macrophages activate pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and NLRP3 inflammasome and release IL-1β, TNF-α, and interferons, which are the key mediators of silicosis pathogenesis. In contrast to bacteria, silica particles cannot be degraded, and the persistent macrophage activation results in an increased NADPH oxidase (Phox) activation and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, ultimately leading to macrophage death and release of silica particles that perpetuate inflammation. In this manuscript, we reviewed the effects of silica on macrophage mitochondrial respiration and central carbon metabolism determining cytokine specification responsible for the sustained inflammatory responses in the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Marrocco
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Luis A. Ortiz
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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20
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Chowdhury S, Trivedi AK. Origin, production and molecular determinants of macrophages for their therapeutic targeting. Cell Biol Int 2022; 47:15-29. [PMID: 36183367 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages, the most heterogeneous cells of the hematopoietic system and the giant eaters of the immune system that present either as tissue-resident cells or infiltrated immune cells, eliminate foreign pathogens and microbes and also play different physiological roles to maintain the body's immune response. In this review, we basically provide a broad overview of macrophages from their origin, functional diversity to M1-M2 polarization, specialized markers, and their role as important therapeutic targets in different diseases based on the current research and evidence. Apart from this, we have precisely discussed about tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and their role in tumor progression and newly discovered lesser-known markers of TAMs that could be used as potential therapeutic targets to treat life-threatening diseases. It is really very important to understand the diversity of macrophages to develop TAM-modulating strategies to activate our own immune system against diseases and to overcome immune resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangita Chowdhury
- LSS008 Division of Cancer Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Arun K Trivedi
- LSS008 Division of Cancer Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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21
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Xiong K, Qi M, Stoeger T, Zhang J, Chen S. The role of tumor-associated macrophages and soluble mediators in pulmonary metastatic melanoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1000927. [PMID: 36131942 PMCID: PMC9483911 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1000927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin malignant melanoma is a highly aggressive skin tumor, which is also a major cause of skin cancer-related mortality. It can spread from a relatively small primary tumor and metastasize to multiple locations, including lymph nodes, lungs, liver, bone, and brain. What’s more metastatic melanoma is the main cause of its high mortality. Among all organs, the lung is one of the most common distant metastatic sites of melanoma, and the mortality rate of melanoma lung metastasis is also very high. Elucidating the mechanisms involved in the pulmonary metastasis of cutaneous melanoma will not only help to provide possible explanations for its etiology and progression but may also help to provide potential new therapeutic targets for its treatment. Increasing evidence suggests that tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play an important regulatory role in the migration and metastasis of various malignant tumors. Tumor-targeted therapy, targeting tumor-associated macrophages is thus attracting attention, particularly for advanced tumors and metastatic tumors. However, the relevant role of tumor-associated macrophages in cutaneous melanoma lung metastasis is still unclear. This review will present an overview of the origin, classification, polarization, recruitment, regulation and targeting treatment of tumor-associated macrophages, as well as the soluble mediators involved in these processes and a summary of their possible role in lung metastasis from cutaneous malignant melanoma. This review particularly aims to provide insight into mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets to readers, interested in pulmonary metastasis melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaifen Xiong
- The Department of Respiratory Diseases and Critic Care Unit, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College), Jinan University, Guangdong, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Min Qi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tobias Stoeger
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), Helmholtz Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Jianglin Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Dermatology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Guangdong, China
- Candidate Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Skin Diseases, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Jianglin Zhang, ; Shanze Chen,
| | - Shanze Chen
- The Department of Respiratory Diseases and Critic Care Unit, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College), Jinan University, Guangdong, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Jianglin Zhang, ; Shanze Chen,
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22
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Chen Y, Yi X, Sun N, Guo W, Li C. Epigenetics Regulates Antitumor Immunity in Melanoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:868786. [PMID: 35693795 PMCID: PMC9174518 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.868786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most malignant skin cancer, which originates from epidermal melanocytes, with increasing worldwide incidence. The escape of immune surveillance is a hallmark of the tumor, which is manifested by the imbalance between the enhanced immune evasion of tumor cells and the impaired antitumor capacity of infiltrating immune cells. According to this notion, the invigoration of the exhausted immune cells by immune checkpoint blockades has gained encouraging outcomes in eliminating tumor cells and significantly prolonged the survival of patients, particularly in melanoma. Epigenetics is a pivotal non-genomic modulatory paradigm referring to heritable changes in gene expression without altering genome sequence, including DNA methylation, histone modification, non-coding RNAs, and m6A RNA methylation. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated how the dysregulation of epigenetics regulates multiple biological behaviors of tumor cells and contributes to carcinogenesis and tumor progression in melanoma. Nevertheless, the linkage between epigenetics and antitumor immunity, as well as its implication in melanoma immunotherapy, remains elusive. In this review, we first introduce the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and therapeutic innovations of melanoma. Then, the tumor microenvironment and the functions of different types of infiltrating immune cells are discussed, with an emphasis on their involvement in antitumor immunity in melanoma. Subsequently, we systemically summarize the linkage between epigenetics and antitumor immunity in melanoma, from the perspective of distinct paradigms of epigenetics. Ultimately, the progression of the clinical trials regarding epigenetics-based melanoma immunotherapy is introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiuli Yi
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ningyue Sun
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weinan Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chunying Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Musick M, Yu X. Manipulation of the tumor immuno-microenvironment via TAM-targeted expression of transcription factors. Immunol Res 2022; 70:432-440. [PMID: 35486115 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-022-09277-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) leads to cancer growth, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. Immunomodulatory immunotherapy aims to skew the immunosuppressive TME back to an immune active state. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are a critical component of the TME that are actively involved in tumor-specific inflammation and immunosuppression. TAMs exhibit a diverse range of phenotypes and functions, from pro-tumor to anti-tumor. The plasticity of TAMs makes them a promising target for immunotherapy, and TAM-targeted therapies via different strategies have shown great potential. This review discusses current TAM-specific delivery targets and genes of interest for TAM-reprogramming. As phagocytic cells, TAMs have several receptors that have been used to increase TAM-targeted in vivo delivery. Furthermore, a promising approach for reprogramming TAMs is to activate or suppress specific transcription factors in the signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) and interferon regulatory factor (IRF) families. Altering TAM transcription factor expression results in a potent shift in cytokine expression and overall TAM function potentially tipping the balance from an immunosuppressive to an immune active TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie Musick
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, 132 Long Hall, SC, 29631, Clemson, USA.
| | - Xianzhong Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, 132 Long Hall, SC, 29631, Clemson, USA
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24
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Liu J, Gao M, Yang Z, Zhao Y, Guo K, Sun B, Gao Z, Wang L. Macrophages and Metabolic Reprograming in the Tumor Microenvironment. Front Oncol 2022; 12:795159. [PMID: 35242705 PMCID: PMC8885627 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.795159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the emergence of traditional drug resistance in tumor treatment, the anti-cancer therapies are facing multiple challenges. Immunotherapy, as a new and universal treatment, has been gradually concerned. The macrophages, as an important part of the immune system, play an important role in it. Many studies have shown that immune state is essential in cancer progression and prognosis, rebuilding the architecture and functional orientation of the tumor region. Most tumors are complex ecosystems that change temporally and spatially under the pressure of proliferation, apoptosis, and extension of every cell in the microenvironment. Here, we review how macrophages states can be dynamically altered in different metabolic states and we also focus on the formation of immune exhaustion. Finally, we look forward to the explorations of clinical treatment for immune metabolism process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Liu
- Engineering Research Center for New Materials and Precision Treatment Technology of Malignant Tumors Therapy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Mingwei Gao
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhou Yang
- Engineering Research Center for New Materials and Precision Treatment Technology of Malignant Tumors Therapy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yidan Zhao
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Kun Guo
- Engineering Research Center for New Materials and Precision Treatment Technology of Malignant Tumors Therapy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Binwen Sun
- Engineering Research Center for New Materials and Precision Treatment Technology of Malignant Tumors Therapy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhenming Gao
- Engineering Research Center for New Materials and Precision Treatment Technology of Malignant Tumors Therapy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Liming Wang
- Engineering Research Center for New Materials and Precision Treatment Technology of Malignant Tumors Therapy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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25
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Baradaran A, Asadzadeh Z, Hemmat N, Baghbanzadeh A, Shadbad MA, Khosravi N, Derakhshani A, Alemohammad H, Afrashteh Nour M, Safarpour H, Silvestris N, Brunetti O, Baradaran B. The cross-talk between tumor-associated macrophages and tumor endothelium: Recent advances in macrophage-based cancer immunotherapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 146:112588. [PMID: 35062062 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are among the abundant cell populations of the tumor microenvironment (TME), which have pivotal roles in tumor development, chemoresistance, immune evasion, and metastasis. Growing evidence indicates that TAMs and the cross-talk between TAMs and tumoral endothelial cells can substantially contribute to tumor angiogenesis, which is considered a vital process for cancer development. Besides, tumoral endothelial cells can regulate the leukocyte infiltration to the TME in solid cancers and contribute to immune evasion. Therefore, targeting the immunosuppressive TAMs and the cross-talk between them can be a promising strategy for improving anti-tumoral immune responses. This review aims to summarize the biology of TAMs, their recently identified roles in tumor development/angiogenesis, and recent advances in macrophage-based cancer immunotherapy approaches for treating cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Baradaran
- Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Research & Development, BSD Robotics, Queensland, Australia
| | - Zahra Asadzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nima Hemmat
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Baghbanzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Abdoli Shadbad
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Neda Khosravi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Afshin Derakhshani
- Experimental Pharmacology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Hajar Alemohammad
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mina Afrashteh Nour
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Safarpour
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- Medical Oncology Unit-IRCCS IstitutoTumori "Giovanni Paolo II" of Bari, Bari, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology DIMO-University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Oronzo Brunetti
- Medical Oncology Unit-IRCCS IstitutoTumori "Giovanni Paolo II" of Bari, Bari, Italy.
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Marchais A, Marques Da Costa ME, Job B, Abbas R, Drubay D, Piperno-Neumann S, Fromigué O, Gomez-Brouchet A, Françoise R, Droit R, Lervat C, ENTZ-WERLE N, Pacquement H, Devoldere C, Cupissol D, Bodet D, GANDEMER V, Berger MG, Bérard PM, Jimenez M, Vassal G, Geoerger B, Brugieres L, Gaspar N. Immune infiltrate and tumor microenvironment transcriptional programs stratify pediatric osteosarcoma into prognostic groups at diagnosis. Cancer Res 2022; 82:974-985. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-4189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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27
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Niu Y, Chen J, Qiao Y. Epigenetic Modifications in Tumor-Associated Macrophages: A New Perspective for an Old Foe. Front Immunol 2022; 13:836223. [PMID: 35140725 PMCID: PMC8818998 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.836223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumorigenesis is frequently accompanied by chronic inflammation, and the tumor microenvironment (TME) can be considered an ecosystem that consists of tumor cells, endotheliocytes, fibroblasts, immune cells and acellular components such as extracellular matrix. For tumor cells, their survival advantages are dependent on both genetic and epigenetic alterations, while other cells mainly present epigenetic modifications. Macrophages are the most plastic type of immune cells and undergo diverse epigenetic alterations in the TME. Some of these epigenetic modifications mitigate against cancer progression, and others accelerate this process. Due to the complex roles of macrophages in the TME, it is urgent to understand their epigenetic modifications associated with the TME. Here, we mainly summarize recent findings on TME-associated epigenetic alterations of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), including DNA methylation, posttranslational modifications of histone proteins, chromatin remodeling, and noncoding RNA-mediated epigenetic regulation. At the end of this review, we also discuss the translational potential of these epigenetic modifications for developing novel cancer therapies targeting TAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Niu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Jianxiang Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Hepatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yiting Qiao, ; Jianxiang Chen,
| | - Yiting Qiao
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Yiting Qiao, ; Jianxiang Chen,
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28
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Dai E, Zhu Z, Wahed S, Qu Z, Storkus WJ, Guo ZS. Epigenetic modulation of antitumor immunity for improved cancer immunotherapy. Mol Cancer 2021; 20:171. [PMID: 34930302 PMCID: PMC8691037 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-021-01464-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms play vital roles not only in cancer initiation and progression, but also in the activation, differentiation and effector function(s) of immune cells. In this review, we summarize current literature related to epigenomic dynamics in immune cells impacting immune cell fate and functionality, and the immunogenicity of cancer cells. Some important immune-associated genes, such as granzyme B, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-12, FoxP3 and STING, are regulated via epigenetic mechanisms in immune or/and cancer cells, as are immune checkpoint molecules (PD-1, CTLA-4, TIM-3, LAG-3, TIGIT) expressed by immune cells and tumor-associated stromal cells. Thus, therapeutic strategies implementing epigenetic modulating drugs are expected to significantly impact the tumor microenvironment (TME) by promoting transcriptional and metabolic reprogramming in local immune cell populations, resulting in inhibition of immunosuppressive cells (MDSCs and Treg) and the activation of anti-tumor T effector cells, professional antigen presenting cells (APC), as well as cancer cells which can serve as non-professional APC. In the latter instance, epigenetic modulating agents may coordinately promote tumor immunogenicity by inducing de novo expression of transcriptionally repressed tumor-associated antigens, increasing expression of neoantigens and MHC processing/presentation machinery, and activating tumor immunogenic cell death (ICD). ICD provides a rich source of immunogens for anti-tumor T cell cross-priming and sensitizing cancer cells to interventional immunotherapy. In this way, epigenetic modulators may be envisioned as effective components in combination immunotherapy approaches capable of mediating superior therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enyong Dai
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zhi Zhu
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Surgical Oncology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shudipto Wahed
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Zhaoxia Qu
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Walter J Storkus
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Departments of Dermatology, Immunology, Pathology and Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zong Sheng Guo
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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29
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Chen X, Li C, Li Y, Wu S, Liu W, Lin T, Li M, Weng Y, Lin W, Qiu S. Characterization of METTL7B to Evaluate TME and Predict Prognosis by Integrative Analysis of Multi-Omics Data in Glioma. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:727481. [PMID: 34604305 PMCID: PMC8484875 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.727481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common and aggressive type of primary brain malignant tumor with limited treatment approaches. Methyltransferase-like 7B (METTL7B) is associated with the pathogenesis of several diseases but is rarely studied in glioma. In this study, 1,493 glioma samples (data from our cohort, TCGA, and CGGA) expressing METTL7B were used to explore its prognostic value and mechanism in the immune microenvironment. Results showed that high expression of METTL7B is associated with poor prognosis and abundant immunosuppressive cells. Further, functional enrichment showed that METTL7B is involved in the negative regulation of immunity and carcinogenic signaling pathways. Moreover, a METTL7B-related prognostic signature constructed based on multi-omics showed a good prediction of the overall survival (OS) time of glioma patients. In conclusion, METTL7B is a potential prognostic biomarker. In addition, the prognostic prediction model constructed in this study can be used in clinical setups for the development of novel effective therapeutic strategies for glioma patients and improving overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochuan Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Oncology, Sanming Second Hospital, Sanming, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shihong Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ting Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Miaomiao Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Youliang Weng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wanzun Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Sufang Qiu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Fuzhou, China
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30
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Chamseddine AN, Assi T, Mir O, Chouaib S. Modulating tumor-associated macrophages to enhance the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors: A TAM-pting approach. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 231:107986. [PMID: 34481812 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) plasticity and diversity are both essential hallmarks of the monocyte-macrophage lineage and the tumor-derived inflammation. TAM exemplify the perfect adaptable cell with dynamic phenotypic modifications that reflect changes in their functional polarization status. Under several tumor microenvironment (TME)-related cues, TAM shift their polarization, hence promoting or halting cancer progression. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) displayed unprecedented clinical responses in various refractory cancers; but only approximately a third of patients experienced durable responses. It is, therefore, crucial to enhance the response rate of immunotherapy. Several mechanisms of resistance to ICI have been elucidated including TAM role with its essential immunosuppressive functions that reduce both anti-tumor immunity and the subsequent ICI efficacy. In the past few years, thorough research has led to a better understanding of TAM biology and innovative approaches can now be adapted through targeting macrophages' recruitment axis as well as TAM activation and polarization status within the TME. Some of these therapeutic strategies are currently being evaluated in several clinical trials in association with ICI agents. This combination between TAM modulation and ICI allows targeting TAM intrinsic immunosuppressive functions and tumor-promoting factors as well as overcoming ICI resistance. Hence, such strategies, with a better understanding of the mechanisms driving TAM modulation, may have the potential to optimize ICI efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali N Chamseddine
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, F-94805, Villejuif, France; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, CESP INSERM U1018, OncoStat, Gustave Roussy, F-94805, Villejuif, France.
| | - Tarek Assi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, F-94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Olivier Mir
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, F-94805, Villejuif, France; Department of Pharmacology, Gustave Roussy, F-94805, Villejuif, France; Department of Ambulatory Care, Gustave Roussy, F-94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Salem Chouaib
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Genetic Oncology, Gustave Roussy, F-94805, Villejuif, France
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31
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Sun W, Li S, Tang G, Sun S, Luo Y, Bai R, Han L, Jiang X, Gao Y, Huang Z, Zhang J, Gong Y, Xie C. HHLA2 deficiency inhibits non-small cell lung cancer progression and THP-1 macrophage M2 polarization. Cancer Med 2021; 10:5256-5269. [PMID: 34152094 PMCID: PMC8335813 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human endogenous retrovirus-H long terminal repeat-associating protein 2 (HHLA2) is a member of B7 family, which is upregulated in multiple tumors. However, its exact functions in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have not been fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the biological roles of HHLA2 in human NSCLC and the relevant mechanisms. In addition, the effects of tumor cell-derived HHLA2 on tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) polarization were explored. METHODS NSCLC cell growth, migration, and invasion were assessed by colony formation and modified Boyden chamber assays. Cell cycle and the CD163+ TAMs were examined by flow cytometry. A co-culture model of THP-1 macrophages and NSCLC cells was conducted to investigate the impacts of tumor cell-derived HHLA2 on THP-1 macrophage polarization. Moreover, a xenograft nude mouse model was established to explore the effects of HHLA2 on tumorigenesis in vivo. RESULTS HHLA2 was upregulated in A549 and H1299 cells compared with the normal lung epithelial BEAS-2B cells. HHLA2 deficiency inhibited NSCLC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and induced G0/G1 phase arrest partially via inhibiting EGFR/MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. Furthermore, HHLA2 knockdown inhibited M2 polarization of TAMs via downregulating IL-10. In addition, knockdown of HHLA2 inhibited tumor growth in vivo. CONCLUSION HHLA2 downregulation inhibited NSCLC growth and TAM M2 polarization. HHLA2 may serve as a therapeutic target and promising prognostic biomarker in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Sun
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuying Li
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guiliang Tang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaoxing Sun
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Luo
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Bai
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Linzhi Han
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xueping Jiang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanping Gao
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengrong Huang
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Tumor Precision Diagnosis and Treatment Technology and Translational Medicine, Hubei Engineering Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junhong Zhang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Tumor Precision Diagnosis and Treatment Technology and Translational Medicine, Hubei Engineering Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Conghua Xie
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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32
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Epigenetic Regulation of Cancer Immune Cells. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 83:377-383. [PMID: 34182142 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The epigenetic regulation of immune response involves reversible and heritable changes that do not alter the DNA sequence. Though there have been extensive studies accomplished relating to epigenetic changes in cancer cells, recent focus has been shifted on epigenetic-mediated changes in the immune cells including T cells, Macrophages, Natural Killer cells and anti-tumor immune responses. This review compiles the most relevant and recent literature related to the role of epigenetic mechanisms including DNA methylation and histone modifications in immune cells of wide range of cancers. We also include recent research with respect to role of the most relevant transcription factors that epigenetically control the anti-tumor immune response. Finally, a statement of future direction that promises to look forward for strategies to improve immunotherapy in cancer.
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33
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Guimarães GR, Almeida PP, de Oliveira Santos L, Rodrigues LP, de Carvalho JL, Boroni M. Hallmarks of Aging in Macrophages: Consequences to Skin Inflammaging. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061323. [PMID: 34073434 PMCID: PMC8228751 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin is our largest organ and the outermost protective barrier. Its aging reflects both intrinsic and extrinsic processes resulting from the constant insults it is exposed to. Aging in the skin is accompanied by specific epigenetic modifications, accumulation of senescent cells, reduced cellular proliferation/tissue renewal, altered extracellular matrix, and a proinflammatory environment favoring undesirable conditions, including disease onset. Macrophages (Mφ) are the most abundant immune cell type in the skin and comprise a group of heterogeneous and plastic cells that are key for skin homeostasis and host defense. However, they have also been implicated in orchestrating chronic inflammation during aging. Since Mφ are related to innate and adaptive immunity, it is possible that age-modified skin Mφ promote adaptive immunity exacerbation and exhaustion, favoring the emergence of proinflammatory pathologies, such as skin cancer. In this review, we will highlight recent findings pertaining to the effects of aging hallmarks over Mφ, supporting the recognition of such cell types as a driving force in skin inflammaging and age-related diseases. We will also present recent research targeting Mφ as potential therapeutic interventions in inflammatory skin disorders and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Rapozo Guimarães
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Division of Experimental and Translational Research, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, Brazil; (G.R.G.); (P.P.A.); (L.d.O.S.)
| | - Palloma Porto Almeida
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Division of Experimental and Translational Research, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, Brazil; (G.R.G.); (P.P.A.); (L.d.O.S.)
| | - Leandro de Oliveira Santos
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Division of Experimental and Translational Research, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, Brazil; (G.R.G.); (P.P.A.); (L.d.O.S.)
| | - Leane Perim Rodrigues
- Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology Program, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70790-160, Brazil; (L.P.R.); (J.L.d.C.)
| | - Juliana Lott de Carvalho
- Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology Program, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70790-160, Brazil; (L.P.R.); (J.L.d.C.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Mariana Boroni
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Division of Experimental and Translational Research, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, Brazil; (G.R.G.); (P.P.A.); (L.d.O.S.)
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-970, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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Gallo G, Vescio G, De Paola G, Sammarco G. Therapeutic Targets and Tumor Microenvironment in Colorectal Cancer. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10112295. [PMID: 34070480 PMCID: PMC8197564 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10112295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a genetically, anatomically, and transcriptionally heterogeneous disease. The prognosis for a CRC patient depends on the stage of the tumor at diagnosis and widely differs accordingly. The tumor microenvironment (TME) in CRC is an important factor affecting targeted cancer therapy. The TME has a dynamic composition including various cell types, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts, tumor-associated macrophages, regulatory T cells, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, as well as extracellular factors that surround cancer cells and have functional and structural roles under physiological and pathological conditions. Moreover, the TME can limit the efficacy of therapeutic agents through high interstitial pressure, fibrosis, and the degradation of the therapeutic agents by enzymatic activity. For this reason, the TME is a fertile ground for the discovery of new drugs. The aim of this narrative review is to present current knowledge and future perspectives regarding the TME composition based on strategies for patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Gallo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (G.V.); (G.D.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Giuseppina Vescio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (G.V.); (G.D.P.)
| | - Gilda De Paola
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (G.V.); (G.D.P.)
| | - Giuseppe Sammarco
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
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Liu K, Huang A, Nie J, Tan J, Xing S, Qu Y, Jiang K. IL-35 Regulates the Function of Immune Cells in Tumor Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2021; 12:683332. [PMID: 34093586 PMCID: PMC8176033 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.683332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-35 (IL-35) is a heterodimeric cytokine composed of Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3 (EBI3) and IL-12p35 that has recently been shown to play diverse and important roles in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Owing to its immunosuppressive activity and ability to promote tumor growth and progression, IL-35 is widely recognized as a key mediator of TME status. Immune cells are key mediators of diverse tumor-related phenotypes, and immunosuppressive cytokines such as IL-35 can promote tumor growth and metastasis in TME. These influences should be considered together. Since tumor immunotherapy based on immune checkpoint blockade remains ineffective in many patients due to tumoral resistance, a new target or efficacy enhancing factor is urgently needed. Suppressing IL-35 production and activity has been demonstrated as an effective factor that inhibits tumor cells viability, and further investigation of this cytokine is warranted. However, the mechanistic basis for IL-35-mediated regulation of immune cells in the TME remains to be fully clarified. In the present review, we explore the roles of IL-35 in regulating immune cells within the TME. In addition, we highlight IL-35 as a specific immunological target and discuss its possible relevance in the context of immunotherapy. Lastly, we sought to summarize potential future research directions that may guide the advancement of current understanding regarding the role of this important cytokine as a regulator of oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ke Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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36
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Tu B, He Y, Chen B, Wang Y, Gao Y, Shi M, Liu T, Asrorov AM, Huang Y. Deformable liposomal codelivery of vorinostat and simvastatin promotes antitumor responses through remodeling tumor microenvironment. Biomater Sci 2021; 8:7166-7176. [PMID: 33169732 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01516d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) and its major component tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) play a pivotal role in the development of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). An epigenetic drug-based combinatory therapeutic strategy was proposed and a deformable liposome system (D-Lipo) was developed for vorinostat and simvastatin codelivery for remodeling the TME. The application of deformable liposomes in systemic cancer drug delivery has been underexplored and its potential in cancer therapy is largely unknown. This work revealed that D-Lipo exhibited an enhanced intratumor infiltration ability. The proposed therapeutic strategy was characterized by a chemo-free regimen and TME remodeling function. D-Lipo efficiently inhibited the growth of the xenografted lung tumor. The anti-tumor mechanisms involved the repolarization of TAM from the M2 to M1 phenotype, anti-angiogenesis, and the consequent TME remodeling. As a result, the amounts of the anti-tumor M1 macrophages and the cytotoxic CD8+ T cells increased, while the amounts of the pro-tumor M2 macrophages and regulatory T cells (Tregs) reduced. It provides a promising avenue for epigenetic drug-based combination therapy for treating solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Rd, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Decitabine Promotes Modulation in Phenotype and Function of Monocytes and Macrophages That Drive Immune Response Regulation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040868. [PMID: 33921194 PMCID: PMC8069756 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Decitabine is an approved hypomethylating agent used for treating hematological malignancies. Although decitabine targets altered cells, epidrugs can trigger immunomodulatory effects, reinforcing the hypothesis of immunoregulation in treated patients. We therefore aimed to evaluate the impact of decitabine treatment on the phenotype and functions of monocytes and macrophages, which are pivotal cells of the innate immunity system. In vitro decitabine administration increased bacterial phagocytosis and IL-8 release, but impaired microbicidal activity of monocytes. In addition, during monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation, treatment promoted the M2-like profile, with increased expression of CD206 and ALOX15. Macrophages also demonstrated reduced infection control when exposed to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro. However, cytokine production remained unchanged, indicating an atypical M2 macrophage. Furthermore, when macrophages were cocultured with lymphocytes, decitabine induced a reduction in the release of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, TNF-α, and IFN-γ, maintaining IL-10 production, suggesting that decitabine could potentialize M2 polarization and might be considered as a therapeutic against the exacerbated immune response.
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Lodewijk I, Nunes SP, Henrique R, Jerónimo C, Dueñas M, Paramio JM. Tackling tumor microenvironment through epigenetic tools to improve cancer immunotherapy. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:63. [PMID: 33761971 PMCID: PMC7992805 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01046-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetic alterations are known contributors to cancer development and aggressiveness. Additional to alterations in cancer cells, aberrant epigenetic marks are present in cells of the tumor microenvironment, including lymphocytes and tumor-associated macrophages, which are often overlooked but known to be a contributing factor to a favorable environment for tumor growth. Therefore, the main aim of this review is to give an overview of the epigenetic alterations affecting immune cells in the tumor microenvironment to provoke an immunosuppressive function and contribute to cancer development. Moreover, immunotherapy is briefly discussed in the context of epigenetics, describing both its combination with epigenetic drugs and the need for epigenetic biomarkers to predict response to immune checkpoint blockage. MAIN BODY Combining both topics, epigenetic machinery plays a central role in generating an immunosuppressive environment for cancer growth, which creates a barrier for immunotherapy to be successful. Furthermore, epigenetic-directed compounds may not only affect cancer cells but also immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, which could be beneficial for the clinical response to immunotherapy. CONCLUSION Thus, modulating epigenetics in combination with immunotherapy might be a promising therapeutic option to improve the success of this therapy. Further studies are necessary to (1) understand in depth the impact of the epigenetic machinery in the tumor microenvironment; (2) how the epigenetic machinery can be modulated according to tumor type to increase response to immunotherapy and (3) find reliable biomarkers for a better selection of patients eligible to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Lodewijk
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales Y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute I+12, University Hospital “12 de Octubre”, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra P. Nunes
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales Y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute I+12, University Hospital “12 de Octubre”, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group – Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Henrique
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group – Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar – University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group – Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar – University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Dueñas
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales Y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute I+12, University Hospital “12 de Octubre”, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús M. Paramio
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales Y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute I+12, University Hospital “12 de Octubre”, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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EZH2 inhibition activates a dsRNA-STING-interferon stress axis that potentiates response to PD-1 checkpoint blockade in prostate cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 2:444-456. [PMID: 33899001 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-021-00185-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancers are considered to be immunologically 'cold' tumors given the very few patients who respond to checkpoint inhibitor (CPI) therapy. Recently, enrichment of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) predicted a favorable response to CPI across various disease sites. The enhancer of zeste homolog-2 (EZH2) is overexpressed in prostate cancer and known to negatively regulate ISGs. In the present study, we demonstrate that EZH2 inhibition in prostate cancer models activates a double-stranded RNA-STING-ISG stress response upregulating genes involved in antigen presentation, Th1 chemokine signaling and interferon response, including programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-L1) that is dependent on STING activation. EZH2 inhibition substantially increased intratumoral trafficking of activated CD8+ T cells and increased M1 tumor-associated macrophages, overall reversing resistance to PD-1 CPI. Our study identifies EZH2 as a potent inhibitor of antitumor immunity and responsiveness to CPI. These data suggest EZH2 inhibition as a therapeutic direction to enhance prostate cancer response to PD-1 CPI.
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40
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Wang F, Malnassy G, Qiu W. The Epigenetic Regulation of Microenvironment in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:653037. [PMID: 33791228 PMCID: PMC8005717 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.653037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly lethal and complex malignancy strongly influenced by the surrounding tumor microenvironment. The HCC microenvironment comprises hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), stromal and endothelial cells, and the underlying extracellular matrix (ECM). Emerging evidence demonstrates that epigenetic regulation plays a crucial role in altering numerous components of the HCC tumor microenvironment. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the mechanisms of epigenetic regulation of the microenvironment in HCC. We review recent studies demonstrating how specific epigenetic mechanisms (DNA methylation, histone regulation, and non-coding RNAs mediated regulation) in HSCs, TAMs, and ECM, and how they contribute to HCC development, so as to gain new insights into the treatment of HCC via regulating epigenetic regulation in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, United States.,Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Greg Malnassy
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, United States.,Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Wei Qiu
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, United States.,Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, United States
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41
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Muhammad S, Chaudhry SR, Dobreva G, Lawton MT, Niemelä M, Hänggi D. Vascular Macrophages as Therapeutic Targets to Treat Intracranial Aneurysms. Front Immunol 2021; 12:630381. [PMID: 33763073 PMCID: PMC7982735 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.630381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is a highly fatal and morbid type of hemorrhagic strokes. Intracranial aneurysms (ICAs) rupture cause subarachnoid hemorrhage. ICAs formation, growth and rupture involves cellular and molecular inflammation. Macrophages orchestrate inflammation in the wall of ICAs. Macrophages generally polarize either into classical inflammatory (M1) or alternatively-activated anti-inflammatory (M2)-phenotype. Macrophage infiltration and polarization toward M1-phenotype increases the risk of aneurysm rupture. Strategies that deplete, inhibit infiltration, ameliorate macrophage inflammation or polarize to M2-type protect against ICAs rupture. However, clinical translational data is still lacking. This review summarizes the contribution of macrophage led inflammation in the aneurysm wall and discuss pharmacological strategies to modulate the macrophageal response during ICAs formation and rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Muhammad
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Department of Neurosurgery, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Medical Faculty Mannheim and European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Shafqat Rasul Chaudhry
- Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Gergana Dobreva
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Medical Faculty Mannheim and European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael T Lawton
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Brain and Spine, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Mika Niemelä
- Department of Neurosurgery, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Daniel Hänggi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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42
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Epigenetics and Communication Mechanisms in Microglia Activation with a View on Technological Approaches. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020306. [PMID: 33670563 PMCID: PMC7923060 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglial cells, the immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), play a crucial role for the proper brain development and function and in CNS homeostasis. While in physiological conditions, microglia continuously check the state of brain parenchyma, in pathological conditions, microglia can show different activated phenotypes: In the early phases, microglia acquire the M2 phenotype, increasing phagocytosis and releasing neurotrophic and neuroprotective factors. In advanced phases, they acquire the M1 phenotype, becoming neurotoxic and contributing to neurodegeneration. Underlying this phenotypic change, there is a switch in the expression of specific microglial genes, in turn modulated by epigenetic changes, such as DNA methylation, histones post-translational modifications and activity of miRNAs. New roles are attributed to microglial cells, including specific communication with neurons, both through direct cell–cell contact and by release of many different molecules, either directly or indirectly, through extracellular vesicles. In this review, recent findings on the bidirectional interaction between neurons and microglia, in both physiological and pathological conditions, are highlighted, with a focus on the complex field of microglia immunomodulation through epigenetic mechanisms and/or released factors. In addition, advanced technologies used to study these mechanisms, such as microfluidic, 3D culture and in vivo imaging, are presented.
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Bever KM, Thomas DL, Zhang J, Diaz Rivera EA, Rosner GL, Zhu Q, Nauroth JM, Christmas B, Thompson ED, Anders RA, Judkins C, Liu M, Jaffee EM, Ahuja N, Zheng L, Azad NS. A feasibility study of combined epigenetic and vaccine therapy in advanced colorectal cancer with pharmacodynamic endpoint. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:25. [PMID: 33531075 PMCID: PMC7856736 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01014-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic therapies may modulate the tumor microenvironment. We evaluated the safety and optimal sequence of combination DNA methyltransferase inhibitor guadecitabine with a granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating-factor (GM-CSF) secreting colon cancer (CRC) vaccine (GVAX) using a primary endpoint of change in CD45RO + T cells. 18 patients with advanced CRC enrolled, 11 underwent paired biopsies and were evaluable for the primary endpoint. No significant increase in CD45RO + cells was noted. Grade 3-4 toxicities were expected and manageable. Guadecitabine + GVAX was tolerable but demonstrated no significant immunologic activity in CRC. We report a novel trial design to efficiently evaluate investigational therapies with a primary pharmacodynamic endpoint.Trial registry Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01966289. Registered 21 October, 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Bever
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1650 Orleans Street, Office 4M10, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Dwayne L Thomas
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1650 Orleans Street, Office 4M10, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jiajia Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1650 Orleans Street, Office 4M10, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Ernie A Diaz Rivera
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1650 Orleans Street, Office 4M10, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Gary L Rosner
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Qingfeng Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1650 Orleans Street, Office 4M10, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Julie M Nauroth
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1650 Orleans Street, Office 4M10, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Brian Christmas
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1650 Orleans Street, Office 4M10, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Elizabeth D Thompson
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1650 Orleans Street, Office 4M10, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert A Anders
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Carol Judkins
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1650 Orleans Street, Office 4M10, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Meizheng Liu
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1650 Orleans Street, Office 4M10, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Jaffee
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1650 Orleans Street, Office 4M10, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Nita Ahuja
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1650 Orleans Street, Office 4M10, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.,Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Departments of Surgery, Oncology, and Pathology, Smilow Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1650 Orleans Street, Office 4M10, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.,Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nilofer S Azad
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1650 Orleans Street, Office 4M10, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
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Boucher A, Klopfenstein N, Hallas WM, Skibbe J, Appert A, Jang SH, Pulakanti K, Rao S, Cowden Dahl KD, Dahl R. The miR-23a∼27a∼24-2 microRNA Cluster Promotes Inflammatory Polarization of Macrophages. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 206:540-553. [PMID: 33328213 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are critical for regulating inflammatory responses. Environmental signals polarize macrophages to either a proinflammatory (M1) state or an anti-inflammatory (M2) state. We observed that the microRNA (miRNA) cluster mirn23a, coding for miRs-23a, -27a, and -24-2, regulates mouse macrophage polarization. Gene expression analysis of mirn23a-deficient myeloid progenitors revealed a decrease in TLR and IFN signaling. Mirn23a -/- bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) have an attenuated response to LPS, demonstrating an anti-inflammatory phenotype in mature cells. In vitro, mirn23a-/- BMDMs have decreased M1 responses and an enhanced M2 responses. Overexpression of mirn23a has the opposite effect, enhancing M1 and inhibiting M2 gene expression. Interestingly, expression of mirn23a miRNAs goes down with inflammatory stimulation and up with anti-inflammatory stimulation, suggesting that its regulation prevents locking macrophages into polarized states. M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) correlates with poor outcome for many tumors, so to determine if there was a functional consequence of mirn23a loss modulating immune cell polarization, we assayed syngeneic tumor growth in wild-type and mirn23a -/- mice. Consistent with the increased anti-inflammatory/immunosuppressive phenotype in vitro, mirn23a -/- mice inoculated with syngeneic tumor cells had worse outcomes compared with wild-type mice. Coinjecting tumor cells with mirn23a -/- BMDMs into wild-type mice phenocopied tumor growth in mirn23a -/- mice, supporting a critical role for mirn23a miRNAs in macrophage-mediated tumor immunity. Our data demonstrate that mirn23a regulates M1/M2 polarization and suggests that manipulation of mirn23a miRNA can be used to direct macrophage polarization to drive a desired immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Boucher
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, IN 46617
| | - Nathan Klopfenstein
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, IN 46617.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN 46617
| | - William Morgan Hallas
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, IN 46617.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
| | - Jennifer Skibbe
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, IN 46617.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN 46617
| | - Andrew Appert
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, IN 46617
| | - Seok Hee Jang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, IN 46617
| | | | - Sridhar Rao
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI 53226.,Department of Cell Biology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226.,Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226; and
| | - Karen D Cowden Dahl
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, IN 46617.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN 46617
| | - Richard Dahl
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556; .,Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, IN 46617.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN 46617
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45
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Qi Y, Liu B, Sun Q, Xiong X, Chen Q. Immune Checkpoint Targeted Therapy in Glioma: Status and Hopes. Front Immunol 2020; 11:578877. [PMID: 33329549 PMCID: PMC7729019 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.578877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most malignant primary tumor of the central nervous system and is characterized by an extremely low overall survival. Recent breakthroughs in cancer therapy using immune checkpoint blockade have attracted significant attention. However, despite representing the most promising (immunotherapy) treatment for cancer, the clinical application of immune checkpoint blockade in glioma patients remains challenging due to the "cold phenotype" of glioma and multiple factors inducing resistance, both intrinsic and acquired. Therefore, comprehensive understanding of the tumor microenvironment and the unique immunological status of the brain will be critical for the application of glioma immunotherapy. More sensitive biomarkers to monitor the immune response, as well as combining multiple immunotherapy strategies, may accelerate clinical progress and enable development of effective and safe treatments for glioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangzhi Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Baohui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoxing Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qianxue Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Karnam K, Sedmaki K, Sharma P, Routholla G, Goli S, Ghosh B, Venuganti VVK, Kulkarni OP. HDAC6 inhibitor accelerates wound healing by inhibiting tubulin mediated IL-1β secretion in diabetic mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165903. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Castrillon JA, Eng C, Cheng F. Pharmacogenomics for immunotherapy and immune-related cardiotoxicity. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 29:R186-R196. [PMID: 32620943 PMCID: PMC7574958 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has become a standard of care in a subset of solid tumors. Although cancer survivorship has extended, rates of durable response of ICB remain poor; furthermore, cardiac adverse effects are emerging, which impact several mechanical aspects of the heart. Cardio-oncology programs implement a clinical assessment to curtail cardiovascular disease progression but are limited to the current clinical parameters used in cardiology. Pharmacogenomics provides the potential to unveil heritable and somatic genetic variations for guiding precision immunotherapy treatment to reduce the risk of immune-related cardiotoxicity. A better understanding of pharmacogenomics will optimize the current treatment selection and dosing of immunotherapy. Here, we summarize the recent pharmacogenomics studies in immunotherapy responsiveness and its related cardiotoxicity and highlight how patient genetics and epigenetics can facilitate researchers and clinicians in designing new approaches for precision immunotherapy. We highlight and discuss how single-cell technologies, human-induced pluripotent stem cells and systems pharmacogenomics accelerate future studies of precision cardio-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Castrillon
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Charis Eng
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Feixiong Cheng
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Targeting Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Anti-Cancer Therapies: Convincing the Traitors to Do the Right Thing. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9103226. [PMID: 33050070 PMCID: PMC7600332 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9103226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, it has been well-established that tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells fuel not only the process of carcinogenesis through cancer-related inflammation mechanisms, but also tumor progression, invasion, and metastasis. In particular, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the most abundant leucocyte subset in many cancers and play a major role in the creation of a protective niche for tumor cells. Their ability to generate an immune-suppressive environment is crucial to escape the immune system and to allow the tumor to proliferate and metastasize to distant sites. Conventional therapies, including chemotherapy and radiotherapy, are often not able to limit cancer growth due to the presence of pro-tumoral TAMs; these are also responsible for the failure of novel immunotherapies based on immune-checkpoint inhibition. Several novel therapeutic strategies have been implemented to deplete TAMs; however, more recent approaches aim to use TAMs themselves as weapons to fight cancer. Exploiting their functional plasticity, the reprogramming of TAMs aims to convert immunosuppressive and pro-tumoral macrophages into immunostimulatory and anti-tumor cytotoxic effector cells. This shift eventually leads to the reconstitution of a reactive immune landscape able to destroy the tumor. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on strategies able to reprogram TAMs with single as well as combination therapies.
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Differential association of CD68 + and CD163 + macrophages with macrophage enzymes, whole tumour gene expression and overall survival in advanced melanoma. Br J Cancer 2020; 123:1553-1561. [PMID: 32843682 PMCID: PMC7653046 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-01037-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The density and phenotype of tumour-associated macrophages have been linked with prognosis in a range of solid tumours. While there is strong preclinical evidence that tumour-associated macrophages promote aspects of tumour progression, it can be challenging to infer clinical activity from surface markers and ex vivo behaviour. We investigated the association of macrophage infiltration with prognosis and functional changes in the tumour microenvironment in primary human melanoma. Methods Fifty-seven formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded primary melanomas were analysed by immunohistochemical analysis of CD68, CD163, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and arginase expression. RNA sequencing was performed on serial sections of 20 of the stained tumours to determine the influence of macrophage infiltration on gene expression. Results CD68+ cells are a functionally active subset of macrophages that are associated with increased iNOS and arginase staining and altered gene expression. In comparison, while there is a greater accumulation of CD163+ macrophages in larger tumours, these cells are comparatively inactive, with no association with the level of iNOS or arginase staining, and no effect on gene expression within the tumour. The infiltration of either subset of macrophages did not correlate to overall survival. Conclusions Thus, melanomas contain distinct macrophage populations with diverse phenotypes, but with no observable prognostic role.
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The complex role of EZH2 in the tumor microenvironment: opportunities and challenges for immunotherapy combinations. Future Med Chem 2020; 12:1415-1430. [PMID: 32723083 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2020-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune dysfunction in the tumor microenvironment occurs through epigenetic changes in both tumor cells and immune cells that alter transcriptional programs driving cell fate and cell function. Oncogenic activation of the histone methyltransferase EZH2 mediates gene expression changes, governing tumor immunogenicity as well as differentiation, survival and activation states of immune lineages. Emerging preclinical studies have highlighted the potential for EZH2 inhibitors to reverse epigenetic immune suppression in tumors and combine with immune checkpoint therapies. However, EZH2 activity is essential for the development of lymphoid cells, performing critical immune effector functions within tumors. In this review, we highlight the complexity of EZH2 function in immune regulation which may impact the implementation of combination with immunotherapy agents in clinic.
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