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Shi J, Yi M, Xie S, Wang Z, Zhang X, Tan X, Tao D, Liu Y, Yang Y. Mendelian randomization study revealed a gut microbiota-neuromuscular junction axis in myasthenia gravis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2473. [PMID: 38291090 PMCID: PMC10827739 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52469-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
A growing number of studies have implicated that gut microbiota abundance is associated with myasthenia gravis (MG). However, the causal relationship underlying the associations is still unclear. Here, we aim to investigate the causal effect of gut microbiota on MG using Mendelian randomization (MR) method. Publicly available Genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary-level data for gut microbiota and for MG were extracted. Inverse variance weighted was used as the main method to analyze causality. The robustness of the results was validated with sensitivity analyses. Our results indicated that genetically predicted increased phylum Lentisphaerae (OR = 1.319, p = 0.026), class Lentisphaerae (OR = 1.306, p = 0.044), order Victivallales (OR = 1.306, p = 0.044), order Mollicutes (OR = 1.424, p = 0.041), and genus Faecalibacterium (OR = 1.763, p = 0.002) were potentially associated with a higher risk of MG; while phylum Actinobacteria (OR = 0.602, p = 0.0124), class Gammaproteobacteria (OR = 0.587, p = 0.036), family Defluviitaleaceae (OR = 0.695, p = 0.047), family Peptococcaceae (OR = 0.698, p = 0.029), and family Family XIII (OR = 0.614, p = 0.017) were related to a lower risk of MG. The present study provides genetic evidence for the causal associations between gut microbiota and MG, thus suggesting novel insights into the gut microbiota-neuromuscular junction axis in the pathogenesis of MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Shi
- Department of Medical Genetics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Yi
- Department of Medical Genetics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shengyu Xie
- Department of Medical Genetics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhaokun Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaolan Tan
- Department of Medical Genetics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dachang Tao
- Department of Medical Genetics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunqiang Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Kujawa D, Laczmanski L, Budrewicz S, Pokryszko-Dragan A, Podbielska M. Targeting gut microbiota: new therapeutic opportunities in multiple sclerosis. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2274126. [PMID: 37979154 PMCID: PMC10730225 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2274126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) causes long-lasting, multifocal damage to the central nervous system. The complex background of MS is associated with autoimmune inflammation and neurodegeneration processes, and is potentially affected by many contributing factors, including altered composition and function of the gut microbiota. In this review, current experimental and clinical evidence is presented for the characteristics of gut dysbiosis found in MS, as well as for its relevant links with the course of the disease and the dysregulated immune response and metabolic pathways involved in MS pathology. Furthermore, therapeutic implications of these investigations are discussed, with a range of pharmacological, dietary and other interventions targeted at the gut microbiome and thus intended to have beneficial effects on the course of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Kujawa
- Laboratory of Genomics & Bioinformatics, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology & Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Lukasz Laczmanski
- Laboratory of Genomics & Bioinformatics, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology & Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Maria Podbielska
- Laboratory of Microbiome Immunobiology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology & Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
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3
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Gavzy SJ, Kensiski A, Lee ZL, Mongodin EF, Ma B, Bromberg JS. Bifidobacterium mechanisms of immune modulation and tolerance. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2291164. [PMID: 38055306 PMCID: PMC10730214 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2291164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacterium is a widely distributed commensal bacterial genus that displays beneficial pro-homeostatic and anti-inflammatory immunomodulatory properties. Depletion or absence of Bifidobacterium in humans and model organisms is associated with autoimmune responses and impaired immune homeostasis. At the cellular level, Bifidobacterium upregulates suppressive regulatory T cells, maintains intestinal barrier function, modulates dendritic cell and macrophage activity, and dampens intestinal Th2 and Th17 programs. While there has been a large volume of literature characterizing the probiotic properties of various Bifidobacterial species, the likely multifactorial mechanisms underlying these effects remain elusive, in particular, its immune tolerogenic effect. However, recent work has shed light on Bifidobacterium surface structural polysaccharide and protein elements, as well as its metabolic products, as commensal mediators of immune homeostasis. This review aims to discuss several mechanisms Bifidobacterium utilizes for immune modulation as well as their indirect impact on the regulation of gut microbiome structure and function, from structural molecules to produced metabolites. These mechanisms are pertinent to an increasingly networked understanding of immune tolerance and homeostasis in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Gavzy
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Allison Kensiski
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zachariah L Lee
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Emmanuel F Mongodin
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bing Ma
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan S Bromberg
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Sharifa M, Ghosh T, Daher OA, Bhusal P, Alaameri YA, Naz J, Ekhator C, Bellegarde SB, Bisharat P, Vaghani V, Hussain A. Unraveling the Gut-Brain Axis in Multiple Sclerosis: Exploring Dysbiosis, Oxidative Stress, and Therapeutic Insights. Cureus 2023; 15:e47058. [PMID: 38022314 PMCID: PMC10644699 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review delves into the intricate relationship between the gut microbiota and multiple sclerosis (MS), shedding light on the potential therapeutic avenues for this complex autoimmune disease. It emphasizes the multifactorial nature of MS, including genetic, environmental, and gender-related factors. Furthermore, the article highlights the emerging role of gut microbiota in MS pathophysiology, particularly in terms of gut dysbiosis, oxidative stress, and inflammasome activation within the gut-brain axis. This interplay raises intriguing questions about how the gut microbiota influences the onset and progression of MS. Environmental factors, such as diet and pollutants, add further layers of complexity to the connection between gut health and MS risk. This review also discusses promising therapeutic interventions, such as fecal microbiota transplantation, probiotics, dietary adjustments, and gut-derived metabolites that offer potential avenues for managing MS. It underscores the need for ongoing research to fully unravel the complexities of the role of the gut-brain axis in MS. Ultimately, this article provides a comprehensive exploration of the topic, offering hope for novel preventive and therapeutic strategies that could significantly improve the lives of individuals affected by this challenging autoimmune condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tanmay Ghosh
- Medical Education, Dinabandhu Andrews College, West Bengal, IND
| | - Omar A Daher
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Beirut Arab University, Tripoli, LBN
| | - Pramod Bhusal
- Internal Medicine, College Of Medical Sciences, Bharatpur, NPL
| | | | - Javeria Naz
- Internal Medicine, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, PAK
| | - Chukwuyem Ekhator
- Neuro-Oncology, New York Institute of Technology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, USA
| | - Sophia B Bellegarde
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Antigua, St. John's, ATG
| | | | - Viralkumar Vaghani
- Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, USA
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Weng S, Huang L, Cai B, He L, Wen S, Li J, Zhong Z, Zhang H, Huang C, Yang Y, Jiang Q, Liu F. Astragaloside IV ameliorates experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis by regulating CD4 + T cells and altering gut microbiota. Chin Med 2023; 18:97. [PMID: 37542273 PMCID: PMC10403896 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00798-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an antibody-mediated autoimmune disease and its pathogenesis is closely related to CD4 + T cells. In recent years, gut microbiota is considered to play an important role in the pathogenesis of MG. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) is one of the main active components extracted from Astragalus membranaceus and has immunomodulatory effects. To study the immunomodulatory effect of AS-IV and the changes of gut microbiota on experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) mice, we explore the possible mechanism of AS-IV in improving MG. METHODS In this study, network pharmacology was utilized to screen the crucial targets of AS-IV in the treatment of MG. Subsequently, a Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis was performed to identify potential pathways through which AS-IV acts against MG. Furthermore, experimental investigations were conducted to validate the underlying mechanism of AS-IV in MG treatment. Before modeling, 5 mice were randomly selected as the control group (CFA group), and the other 10 were induced to EAMG model. These mice were randomly divided into EAMG group and EAMG + AS-IV group, n = 5/group. In EAMG + AS-IV group, AS-IV was administered by gavage. CFA and EAMG groups were given the same volume of PBS. Body weight, grip strength and clinical symptoms were assessed and recorded weekly. At the last administration, the feces were collected for 16S RNA microbiota analysis. The levels of Treg, Th1 and Th17 cells in spleen and Th1 and Th17 cells in thymus were detected by flow cytometry. The levels of IFN-γ, IL-17 and TGF-β in serum were measured by ELISA. Furthermore, fecal microbial transplantation (FMT) experiments were performed for exploring the influence of changed intestinal flora on EAMG. After EAMG model was induced, the mice were treated with antibiotics daily for 4 weeks to germ-free. Then germ-free EAMG mice were randomly divided into two groups: FMT EAMG group, FMT AS-IV group, n = 3/group. Fecal extractions from EAMG and EAMG + AS-IV groups as gathered above were used to administered daily to the respective groups for 4 weeks. Body weight, grip strength and clinical symptoms were assessed and recorded weekly. The levels of Treg, Th1 and Th17 cells in spleen and Th1 and Th17 cells in thymus were detected at the last administration. The levels of IFN-γ, IL-17 and TGF-β in serum were measured by ELISA. RESULTS The network pharmacology and KEGG pathway analysis revealed that AS-IV regulates T cell pathways, including T cell receptor signaling pathway and Th17 cell differentiation, suggesting its potential in improving MG. Further experimental verification demonstrated that AS-IV administration improved muscle strength and body weight, reduced the level of Th1 and Th17 cells, enhanced the level of Treg cells, and resulted in alterations of the gut microbiota, including changes in beta diversity, the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio, and the abundance of Clostridia in EAMG mice. We further conducted FMT tests and demonstrated that the EAMG Abx-treated mice which were transplanted the feces of mice treated with AS-IV significantly alleviated myasthenia symptoms, reduced Th1 and Th17 cells levels, and increased Treg cell levels. CONCLUSION This study speculated that AS-IV ameliorates EAMG by regulating CD4 + T cells and altering the structure and species of gut microbiota of EAMG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senhui Weng
- Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No. 111 Dade Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.12 Airport Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510422, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.12 Airport Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510422, China
| | - Linwen Huang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.12 Airport Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510422, China
| | - Bingxing Cai
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.12 Airport Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510422, China
| | - Long He
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.12 Airport Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510422, China
- Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.16 Airport Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510422, China
| | - Shuting Wen
- Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No. 111 Dade Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.12 Airport Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510422, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.12 Airport Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510422, China
| | - Jinghao Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Zhuotai Zhong
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.12 Airport Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510422, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.12 Airport Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510422, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No. 111 Dade Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Chongyang Huang
- Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No. 111 Dade Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yunying Yang
- Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.16 Airport Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510422, China
| | - Qilong Jiang
- Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.16 Airport Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510422, China.
| | - Fengbin Liu
- Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.12 Airport Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510422, China.
- Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.16 Airport Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510422, China.
- Baiyun Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 2, Helongqi Road, Renhe Town, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
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Liu L, Wang H, Chen X, Xie P. Gut microbiota: a new insight into neurological diseases. Chin Med J (Engl) 2023; 136:1261-1277. [PMID: 35830286 PMCID: PMC10309523 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT In the last decade, it has become increasingly recognized that a balanced gut microbiota plays an important role in maintaining the health of the host. Numerous clinical and preclinical studies have shown that changes in gut microbiota composition are associated with a variety of neurological diseases, e.g., Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and myasthenia gravis. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are complex and remain unclear. Behavioral phenotypes can be transmitted from humans to animals through gut microbiota transplantation, indicating that the gut microbiota may be an important regulator of neurological diseases. However, further research is required to determine whether animal-based findings can be extended to humans and to elucidate the relevant potential mechanisms by which the gut microbiota regulates neurological diseases. Such investigations may aid in the development of new microbiota-based strategies for diagnosis and treatment and improve the clinical management of neurological disorders. In this review, we describe the dysbiosis of gut microbiota and the corresponding mechanisms in common neurological diseases, and discuss the potential roles that the intestinal microbiome may play in the diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanxiang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xueyi Chen
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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Kapoor B, Gulati M, Gupta R, Singla RK. Microbiota dysbiosis and myasthenia gravis: Do all roads lead to Rome? Autoimmun Rev 2023; 22:103313. [PMID: 36918089 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulated immune system with a failure to recognize self from non-self-antigens is one of the common pathogeneses seen in autoimmune diseases. The complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors is important for the occurrence and development of the disease. Among the environmental factors, disturbed gut microbiota (gut dysbiosis) has recently attracted particular attention, especially with advancement in human microbiome research. Although the alterations in microbiota have been seen in various autoimmune diseases, including those of nervous system, there is paucity of information on neuromuscular system diseases. Myasthenia gravis (MG) is one such rare autoimmune disease of neuromuscular junction, and is caused by generation of pathogenic autoantibodies to components of the postsynaptic muscle endplate. In the recent years, accumulating evidences have endorsed the key role of host microbiota, particularly those of gut, in the pathogenesis of MG. Differential microbiota composition, characterized by increased abundance of Fusobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria, and decreased abundance of Actinobacteria and Firmicutes, has been seen in MG patients in comparison to healthy subjects. Disturbance of microbiota composition, particularly reduced ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes, alter the gut permeability, subsequently triggering the immunological response. Resultant reduction in levels of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) is another factor contributing to the immunological response in MG patients. Modulation of gut microbiota via intervention of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics (metabiotics), and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is considered to be the futuristic approach for the management of MG. This review summarizes the role of gut microbiota and their metabolites (postbiotics) in the progression of MG. Also, various bacteriotherapeutic approaches involving gut microbiota are discussed for the prevention of MG progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupinder Kapoor
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India.
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Reena Gupta
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Rajeev K Singla
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Xinchuan Road, 2222, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; iGlobal Research and Publishing Foundation, New Delhi, India
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8
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Schirò G, Iacono S, Balistreri CR. The Role of Human Microbiota in Myasthenia Gravis: A Narrative Review. Neurol Int 2023; 15:392-404. [PMID: 36976669 PMCID: PMC10053295 DOI: 10.3390/neurolint15010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune neuromuscular disease characterized by fluctuating weakness of the skeletal muscles. Although antibodies against the neuromuscular junction components are recognized, the MG pathogenesis remains unclear, even if with a well-known multifactorial character. However, the perturbations of human microbiota have been recently suggested to contribute to MG pathogenesis and clinical course. Accordingly, some products derived from commensal flora have been demonstrated to have anti-inflammatory effects, while other have been shown to possess pro-inflammatory properties. In addition, patients with MG when compared with age-matched controls showed a distinctive composition in the oral and gut microbiota, with a typical increase in Streptococcus and Bacteroides and a reduction in Clostridia as well as short-chain fatty acid reduction. Moreover, restoring the gut microbiota perturbation has been evidenced after the administration of probiotics followed by an improvement of symptoms in MG cases. To highlight the role of the oral and gut microbiota in MG pathogenesis and clinical course, here, the current evidence has been summarized and reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Schirò
- Neurology Unit, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Iacono
- Neurology Unit, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Carmela Rita Balistreri
- Cellular and Molecular Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
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9
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Sajedi D, Shabani R, Elmieh A. The Effect of Aerobic Training With the Consumption of Probiotics on the Myelination of Nerve Fibers in Cuprizone-induced Demyelination Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis. Basic Clin Neurosci 2023; 14:73-86. [PMID: 37346866 PMCID: PMC10279988 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.2022.3104.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Extensive human and animal research shows that exercise has beneficial effects on multiple clinical outcomes for patients suffering from multiple sclerosis (MS). This research was conducted to examine the effect of aerobic exercise with probiotic consumption on the myelination of nerve fibers in a cuprizone-induced demyelination mouse model of MS. Methods Rats exposed to cuprizone (CPZ) for 13 weeks were subjected to motor and balance tests in week 5. They (5 people in each group) were assigned to five groups of control (C), MS, MS with exercise (MS+Exe), MS with probiotic (MS+Pro), and MS with probiotic and exercise (MS+Pro+Exe) randomly. The exercise groups conducted aerobic exercises 5 days a week for 60 days. The rats received probiotics by gavage. Performance and balance tests were repeated when the eight-week protocol of exercise and probiotic consumption was finished. One day after these interventions, they were sacrificed to undergo biochemical and molecular biology assays. Results The results showed that Myelin basic protein (MBP) was increased in the MS+Pro+Exe, MS+Pro, and MS+Exe compared to the MS group (P<0.05).The nestin mRNA showed an increase in MS+Pro+Exe, MS+Exe, and MS+Pro groups compared to the MS group, but this increase was not significant in MS+Pro+Exe and MS+Exe groups compared to the control and MS groups (P>0.05). Conclusion According to the results, lifestyle interventions can effectively alleviate demyelinating-inflammatory processes that happen in the brains of MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donya Sajedi
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ramin Shabani
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Alireza Elmieh
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
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10
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Melamed E, Palmer JL, Fonken C. Advantages and limitations of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in breaking down the role of the gut microbiome in multiple sclerosis. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1019877. [PMID: 36407764 PMCID: PMC9672668 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1019877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the first model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was introduced almost a century ago, there has been an ongoing scientific debate about the risks and benefits of using EAE as a model of multiple sclerosis (MS). While there are notable limitations of translating EAE studies directly to human patients, EAE continues to be the most widely used model of MS, and EAE studies have contributed to multiple key breakthroughs in our understanding of MS pathogenesis and discovery of MS therapeutics. In addition, insights from EAE have led to a better understanding of modifiable environmental factors that can influence MS initiation and progression. In this review, we discuss how MS patient and EAE studies compare in our learning about the role of gut microbiome, diet, alcohol, probiotics, antibiotics, and fecal microbiome transplant in neuroinflammation. Ultimately, the combination of rigorous EAE animal studies, novel bioinformatic approaches, use of human cell lines, and implementation of well-powered, age- and sex-matched randomized controlled MS patient trials will be essential for improving MS patient outcomes and developing novel MS therapeutics to prevent and revert MS disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Melamed
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
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11
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Karim A, Muhammad T, Shahid Iqbal M, Qaisar R. A multistrain probiotic improves handgrip strength and functional capacity in patients with COPD: A randomized controlled trial. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2022; 102:104721. [PMID: 35567889 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2022.104721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The age-related muscle loss, termed sarcopenia and functional dependency, are common findings in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, an effective bedside treatment remains elusive. OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of probiotics on sarcopenia and physical capacity in COPD patients. METHODS Randomized, double-blind, computer-controlled, multicenter trial in two tertiary-care hospitals for 16 weeks. A central computer system randomly allocated male, 63-73 years old COPD patients into placebo (n=53) and probiotic (n=51) groups. The intervention was Vivomix 112 billion*, one capsule a day for 16 weeks. The main outcomes measured were sarcopenia phenotype, short physical performance battery (SPPB), plasma markers of intestinal permeability (zonulin and claudin-3) and neuromuscular junction degradation (CAF22), body composition, and handgrip strength (HGS) before and following the probiotics treatment. FINDINGS 4 patients discontinued intervention due to poor compliance and 100 patients, including placebo (n=53) and probiotic (n=47) groups were analyzed. Probiotics reduced plasma zonulin, claudin-3, and CAF22, along with an improvement in HGS, gait speed, and SPPB scores (all p<0.05). Probiotic treatment also reduced the plasma c-reactive proteins and 8-isoprostane levels, the markers of systemic inflammation and oxidative stress (p<0.05). Correlation analysis revealed varying degrees of association of plasma biomarkers with sarcopenia indexes. Despite a statistical trend, we did not find a reduction in sarcopenia prevalence in the probiotic group. CONCLUSION Taken together, the multistrain probiotic improves muscle strength and functional performance in COPD patients by reducing intestinal permeability and stabilizing neuromuscular junction. TRIAL REGISTRATION GMC clinical trial unit, GMC-CREC-00263.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asima Karim
- Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tahir Muhammad
- Department of Biochemistry, Gomal Medical College, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, 30130, Pakistan
| | - M Shahid Iqbal
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar, 25124, Pakistan
| | - Rizwan Qaisar
- Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
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12
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Liang J, Li T, Zhao J, Wang C, Sun H. Current understanding of the human microbiome in glioma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:781741. [PMID: 36003766 PMCID: PMC9393498 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.781741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is mounting evidence that the human microbiome is highly associated with a wide variety of central nervous system diseases. However, the link between the human microbiome and glioma is rarely noticed. The exact mechanism of microbiota to affect glioma remains unclear. Recent studies have demonstrated that the microbiome may affect the development, progress, and therapy of gliomas, including the direct impacts of the intratumoral microbiome and its metabolites, and the indirect effects of the gut microbiome and its metabolites. Glioma-related microbiome (gut microbiome and intratumoral microbiome) is associated with both tumor microenvironment and tumor immune microenvironment, which ultimately influence tumorigenesis, progression, and responses to treatment. In this review, we briefly summarize current knowledge regarding the role of the glioma-related microbiome, focusing on its gut microbiome fraction and a brief description of the intratumoral microbiome, and put forward the prospects in which microbiome can be applied in the future and some challenges still need to be solved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhao Liang
- Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Li
- Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiajia Zhao
- Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haitao Sun
- Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Haitao Sun,
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13
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Chen X, Zhang Y, Wang H, Liu L, Li W, Xie P. The regulatory effects of lactic acid on neuropsychiatric disorders. DISCOVER MENTAL HEALTH 2022; 2:8. [PMID: 37861858 PMCID: PMC10501010 DOI: 10.1007/s44192-022-00011-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Lactic acid is produced mainly in astrocytes in the brain and serves as a substance that supplies energy to neurons. In recent years, numerous studies identified the potential effects of lactic acid on the central nervous system and demonstrated its role in regulating brain function as an energy metabolism substrate or cellular signaling molecule. Both deficiency and accumulation of lactic acid cause neurological dysfunction, which further lead to the development of neuropsychiatric disorders, such as Major depressive disorder, Schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, and Multiple sclerosis. Although an association between lactic acid and neuropsychiatric disorders was reported in previous research, the underlying pathogenic mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which lactic acid regulates brain function is of significance for the early diagnosis and prevention of neuropsychiatric disorders. In this review, we summarize evidence that is focused on the potential mechanisms of lactic acid as a signaling molecule involved in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders and propose a new mechanism by which lactic acid regulates brain function and disease through the microbiota-gut-brain axis to offer new insight into the prevention and treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyi Chen
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yangdong Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
- College of Stomatology and Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Lanxiang Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Wenwen Li
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Peng Xie
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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14
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Chen Y, Lin Y, Shan C, Li Z, Xiao B, He R, Huang X, Wang Z, Zhang J, Qiao W. Effect of Fufang Huangqi Decoction on the Gut Microbiota in Patients With Class I or II Myasthenia Gravis. Front Neurol 2022; 13:785040. [PMID: 35370890 PMCID: PMC8971287 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.785040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effect of Fufang Huangqi Decoction on the gut microbiota in patients with class I or II myasthenia gravis (MG) and to explore the correlation between gut microbiota and MG (registration number, ChiCTR2100048367; registration website, http://www.chictr.org.cn/listbycreater.aspx; NCBI: SRP338707). Methods In this study, microbial community composition and diversity analyses were carried out on fecal specimens from MG patients who did not take Fufang Huangqi Decoction (control group, n = 8) and those who took Fufang Huangqi Decoction and achieved remarkable alleviation of symptoms (medication group, n = 8). The abundance, diversity within and between habitats, taxonomic differences and corresponding discrimination markers of gut microbiota in the control group and medicated group were assessed. Results Compared with the control group, the medicated group showed a significantly decreased abundance of Bacteroidetes (P < 0.05) and significantly increased abundance of Actinobacteria at the phylum level, a significantly decreased abundance of Bacteroidaceae (P < 0.05) and significantly increased abundance of Bifidobacteriaceae at the family level and a significantly decreased abundance of Blautia and Bacteroides (P < 0.05) and significantly increased abundance of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus and Roseburia at the genus level. Compared to the control group, the medicated group had decreased abundance, diversity, and genetic diversity of the communities and increased coverage, but the differences were not significant (P > 0.05); the markers that differed significantly between communities at the genus level and influenced the differences between groups were Blautia, Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. Conclusions MG patients have obvious gut microbiota-associated metabolic disorders. Fufang Huangqi Decoction regulates the gut microbiota in patients with class I or II MG by reducing the abundance of Blautia and Bacteroides and increasing the abundance of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. The correlation between gut microbiota and MG may be related to cell-mediated immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanghong Chen
- The Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Myasthenia Gravis, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Yi Lin
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang, China
| | - Caifeng Shan
- The Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Myasthenia Gravis, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhaoqing Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Myasthenia Gravis, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Bo Xiao
- Zhejiang Jiuru Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Rencai He
- Zhejiang Jiuru Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Xueshi Huang
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhanyou Wang
- Institute of Health Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jingsheng Zhang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Myasthenia Gravis, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Jingsheng Zhang
| | - Wenjun Qiao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Myasthenia Gravis, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
- Wenjun Qiao
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15
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Cantoni C, Dorsett Y, Fontana L, Zhou Y, Piccio L. Effects of dietary restriction on gut microbiota and CNS autoimmunity. Clin Immunol 2022; 235:108575. [PMID: 32822833 PMCID: PMC7889763 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common central nervous system (CNS) autoimmune disease. It is due to the interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Current opinion is that diet could play a pathogenic role in disease onset and development. Dietary restriction (DR) without malnutrition markedly improves health and increases lifespan in multiple model organisms. DR regimens that utilize continuous or intermittent food restriction can induce anti-inflammatory, immuno-modulatory and neuroendocrine adaptations promoting health. These adaptations exert neuroprotective effects in the main MS animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). This review summarizes the current knowledge on DR-induced changes in gut microbial composition and metabolite production and its impact on underlying functional mechanisms. Studies demonstrating the protective effects of DR regimens on EAE and people with MS are also presented. This is a rapidly developing research field with important clinical implications for personalized dietary interventions in MS prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cantoni
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yair Dorsett
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Luigi Fontana
- Charles Perkins Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia,Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia,Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Brescia University School of Medicine, Brescia, Italy
| | - Yanjiao Zhou
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Laura Piccio
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.,Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia.,Corresponding author: Laura Piccio, MD PhD, 1) Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, 94 Mallett St Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia, , 2) Washington University School of Medicine, Dept. of Neurology, Campus Box 8111; 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110; USA, Phone: (314) 747-4591; Fax: (314) 747-1345;
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16
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Sanchez JMS, DePaula-Silva AB, Libbey JE, Fujinami RS. Role of diet in regulating the gut microbiota and multiple sclerosis. Clin Immunol 2022; 235:108379. [PMID: 32156562 PMCID: PMC7483914 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Robert S. Fujinami
- Corresponding author at: University of Utah School of Medicine, 15 North Medical Drive East, 2600 EEJMRB, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA. (R.S. Fujinami)
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17
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Samani SA, Moloudi MR, Ramezanzadeh R, Abdi M, Nikkhoo B, Izadpanah E, Roshani D, Abdolahi A, Esmaili P, Hassanzadeh K. Oral Administration of Probiotic Enterococcus durans to Ameliorate Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Mice. Basic Clin Neurosci 2022; 13:35-46. [PMID: 36589015 PMCID: PMC9790094 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.2021.1955.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Probiotics, including lactobacilli, have immunomodulatory activities with promising effects on inflammatory diseases. In this study, we evaluate the effect of Enterococcus durans (Edu) and three various strains of lactobacilli (Lacto-mix), including L. rhamnosus, L. casei, and L. plantarum, to prevent Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) features. Methods C57BL/6 female mice were inoculated with Myelin Oigodendrocyte Glycoprotein (MOG35-55) in CFA (complete Freund's adjuvant) to induce EAE. Five groups (n=6 in each group) of animals received saline or probiotics by oral gavage with 200 μL of lactobacilli (1.5×108 CFU/mL) for 2 weeks before the immunization and during the test for one month. Results Histopathological studies showed an increase in infiltration of inflammatory cells and destruction of the myelin membrane in the EAE group but a decrease in inflammatory cells in the probiotic-treated animals. Pro-inflammatory cytokines (Interleukin [IL]-17 and Interferon [IFN]-γ) concentration in the supernatant of the brain and spinal cord tissues showed a significant increase in the EAE compared with the normal saline group (P<0.01). While in the spinal cord tissue, there was a decrease in IL-17 in those animals treated with the Lactomix and Edu + Lacto-mix (P<0.01) and a significant decrease in IFN-γ in those animals that received Edu (P<0.05). Western blot analysis of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and myelin basic protein showed a decrease and increase in treatment and EAE groups, respectively, compared to the normal control group. Conclusion Our data suggest that probiotic Enterococcus durans and Lacto-mix prevents EAE, but further studies are needed to clarify the exact mechanisms and their application in preclinical and clinical trials. Highlights Dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier, migration of inflammatory cells into the Central Nervous System (CNS), and an increase in the pro-inflammatory factors, are the hallmarks in the pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE).The optimal effects of probiotic strains may involve the simultaneous use of more than one strain.Probiotic Enterococcus durans and Lacto-mix have a preventive effect against EAE. Plain Language Summary Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a myelin-degenerating autoimmune disease in the central nervous system. Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE), due to its similar clinical and pathologic features to MS, is widely used in many model studies of this disease. The microbiome refers to a genomic set of germs (bacteria, arches, fungi, and viruses), a commensal flora that lives in the intestine and niche of humans and other mammals. The microbiome affects the host's physiological system, especially the balance between health and disease. Additionally, the importance of the microbiome is evident in regulating the intestine-brain axis, or the coordination of the digestive and the central nervous system. In this regard, probiotics, including lactobacilli, have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in vitro and in vivo. Probiotic strains have a wide range of health-improvement effects, and a combination of strains with specific properties provides a broader range of antimicrobial spectrum and stronger anti-inflammatory effects. Considering the critical role of probiotics in the immune system, this study aimed to investigate the possible role of Enterococcus durans alone or in combination with Lactobacillus mixture (L. rhamnosus, L. casei, and L. plantarum) on the EAE animal model of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Abdollah Samani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Raman Moloudi
- Liver and Digestive Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Rashid Ramezanzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Bahram Nikkhoo
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Esmael Izadpanah
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
- Department of Medical Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Daem Roshani
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Alina Abdolahi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Parisa Esmaili
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Kambiz Hassanzadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
- Department of Medical Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
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18
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Valizadeh S, Majdi Seghinsara A, Maleki Chollou K, Bahadori A, Abbaszadeh S, Taghdir M, Behniafar H, Riahi SM. The efficacy of probiotics in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (an animal model for MS): a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lett Appl Microbiol 2021; 73:408-417. [PMID: 34310737 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics immunomodulatory properties and their beneficial effects for diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) are reported by several studies. The current systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the favourable effects of probiotics in improving experimental autoimmune/allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) as an animal model of MS. We systematically searched Scopus, Web of Sciences (ISI), and PubMed databases to identify relevant studies from the inception of these databases to December 2019. A total of 15 animal studies met the inclusion criteria, while no human study met the inclusion criteria. The association between consumption of probiotics and each sign was calculated using the producing pooled odd ratios (95% confidence interval [95% CI]) in a random effect model. The meta-analysis revealed the significant effect of probiotics on the incidence of EAE, weight gain, and clinical symptoms. However, the effects of probiotics on the duration of the disease varied by probiotic strain. The administration of probiotics was associated with a significant reduction in the risk of mortality only in female animals. Moreover, the meta-analysis revealed the promising effects of probiotics on the prevention and management of EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Valizadeh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - A Majdi Seghinsara
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - K Maleki Chollou
- Department of Nursing, Sarab Faculty of Medical Sciences, Sarab, Iran
| | - A Bahadori
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Sarab Faculty of Medical Sciences, Sarab, Iran
| | - S Abbaszadeh
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Health, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Taghdir
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Health, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - H Behniafar
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Sarab Faculty of Medical Sciences, Sarab, Iran
| | - S M Riahi
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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19
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Ghezzi L, Cantoni C, Pinget GV, Zhou Y, Piccio L. Targeting the gut to treat multiple sclerosis. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:e143774. [PMID: 34196310 DOI: 10.1172/jci143774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut-brain axis (GBA) refers to the complex interactions between the gut microbiota and the nervous, immune, and endocrine systems, together linking brain and gut functions. Perturbations of the GBA have been reported in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS), suggesting a possible role in disease pathogenesis and making it a potential therapeutic target. While research in the area is still in its infancy, a number of studies revealed that pwMS are more likely to exhibit altered microbiota, altered levels of short chain fatty acids and secondary bile products, and increased intestinal permeability. However, specific microbes and metabolites identified across studies and cohorts vary greatly. Small clinical and preclinical trials in pwMS and mouse models, in which microbial composition was manipulated through the use of antibiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and probiotic supplements, have provided promising outcomes in preventing CNS inflammation. However, results are not always consistent, and large-scale randomized controlled trials are lacking. Herein, we give an overview of how the GBA could contribute to MS pathogenesis, examine the different approaches tested to modulate the GBA, and discuss how they may impact neuroinflammation and demyelination in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ghezzi
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Cantoni
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Gabriela V Pinget
- Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yanjiao Zhou
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Laura Piccio
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Brain and Mind Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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20
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Probiotics alleviate depressive behavior in chronic unpredictable mild stress rat models by remodeling intestinal flora. Neuroreport 2021; 32:686-693. [PMID: 33913925 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effects of probiotics on depressive behavior in a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) rat model by remodeling intestinal flora. METHODS Twenty-four male SD rats aged 6-8 weeks were randomly divided into four groups: control group, depression group (CUMS), depression+paroxetine group (Paro) and depression+probiotics group (Pro). Sucrose preference, open field and forced swimming tests were used to assess depression-like behavior in rats. ELISA was used to detect the levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and corticosterone, norepinephrine and 5-hydroxytryptamine in rat serum. Real-time PCR was used to determine the changes of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli in rat cecum. RESULTS Compared with the control group, CUMS led to significant decreases of body weight, total traveled distance, duration in central area, immobility time, norepinephrine and 5-hydroxytryptamine contents in hippocampal tissues, as well as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in the cecum. It also resulted in marked increases of the contents of E. faecalis and E. coli in the cecum, ACTH and corticosterone contents in the serum of rats. Paroxetine and probiotic treatment each diminished or prevented these changes. CONCLUSION By remodeling intestinal flora, probiotics can reduce the CUMS-induced depressive behavior of rats, increase the levels of norepinephrine and 5-hydroxytryptamine, and inhibit the expression of ACTH and corticosterone. Significantly, the effect of both paroxetine and probiotic on microorganisms is similar.
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21
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Methiwala HN, Vaidya B, Addanki VK, Bishnoi M, Sharma SS, Kondepudi KK. Gut microbiota in mental health and depression: role of pre/pro/synbiotics in their modulation. Food Funct 2021; 12:4284-4314. [PMID: 33955443 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02855j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The microbiome residing in the human gut performs a wide range of biological functions. Recently, it has been elucidated that a change in dietary habits is associated with alteration in the gut microflora which results in increased health risks and vulnerability towards various diseases. Falling in line with the same concept, depression has also been shown to increase its prevalence around the globe, especially in the western world. Various research studies have suggested that changes in the gut microbiome profile further result in decreased tolerance of stress. Although currently available medications help in relieving the symptoms of depressive disorders briefly, these drugs are not able to completely reverse the multifactorial pathology of depression. The discovery of the communication pathway between gut microbes and the brain, i.e. the Gut-Brain Axis, has led to new areas of research to find more effective and safer alternatives to current antidepressants. The use of probiotics and prebiotics has been suggested as being effective in various preclinical studies and clinical trials for depression. Therefore, in the present review, we address the new antidepressant mechanisms via gut microbe alterations and provide insight into how these can provide an alternative to antidepressant therapy without the side effects and risk of adverse drug reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasnain N Methiwala
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, India.
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22
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Li XC, Wu BS, Jiang Y, Li J, Wang ZF, Ma C, Li YR, Yao J, Jin XQ, Li ZQ. Temozolomide-Induced Changes in Gut Microbial Composition in a Mouse Model of Brain Glioma. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:1641-1652. [PMID: 33907383 PMCID: PMC8071088 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s298261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Gut microbiota is associated with the progression of brain tumors. However, the alterations in gut microbiota observed during glioma growth and temozolomide (TMZ) therapy remain poorly understood. Methods C57BL/6 male mice were implanted with GL261 glioma cells. TMZ/sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (SCC) was administered through gavage for five consecutive days (from 8 to 12 days after implantation). Fecal samples were collected before (T0) and on days 7 (T1), 14 (T2), and 28 (T3) after implantation. The gut microbiota was analyzed using 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing followed by absolute and relative quantitation analyses. Results Nineteen genera were altered during glioma progression with the most dramatic changes in Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla. During glioma growth, Lactobacillus abundance decreased in the early stage (T1) and then gradually increased (T2, T3); Intestinimonas abundance exhibited a persistent increase; Anaerotruncus showed a transient increase (T2) and then a subsequent decrease (T3). Similar longitudinal changes in Intestinimonas and Anaerotruncus abundance were observed in TMZ-treated mice, but the decrease of Anaerotruncus at T3 in the TMZ-treated group was less than that in the vehicle-treated group. No significant change in Lactobacillus was observed after TMZ treatment. Additionally, compared to vehicle control, TMZ treatment led to an enrichment in Akkermansia and Bifidobacterium. Conclusion Glioma development and progression altered the composition of gut microbiota. Induction of Akkermansia and Bifidobacterium as well as the prevention of the reduction in Anaerotruncus may contribute to the anti-tumor effect of TMZ. This study helps to reveal the association between levels of specific microbial species in the gut and the anti-tumor effect of TMZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Chong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Bang-Sheng Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Second Clinical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Second Clinical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Physiology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze-Fen Wang
- Department of Physiology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Rong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Yao
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Qing Jin
- Emergency Department, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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23
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Jiang J, Chu C, Wu C, Wang C, Zhang C, Li T, Zhai Q, Yu L, Tian F, Chen W. Efficacy of probiotics in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review of preclinical trials and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Food Funct 2021; 12:2354-2377. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fo03203d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Preliminary evidence shows the potential role of probiotics in ameliorating multiple sclerosis (MS); however, the effects of probiotics on MS remain unclear.
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24
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Blais LL, Montgomery TL, Amiel E, Deming PB, Krementsov DN. Probiotic and commensal gut microbial therapies in multiple sclerosis and its animal models: a comprehensive review. Gut Microbes 2021; 13:1943289. [PMID: 34264791 PMCID: PMC8284149 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1943289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The need for alternative treatments for multiple sclerosis (MS) has triggered copious amounts of research into microbial therapies focused on manipulating the microbiota-gut-brain axis. This comprehensive review was intended to present and systematically evaluate the current clinical and preclinical evidence for various probiotic and commensal gut microbial therapies as treatments for MS, using the Bradford Hill criteria (BHC) as a multi-parameter assessment rubric. Literature searches were performed to identify a total of 37 relevant studies (6 human, 31 animal), including 28 probiotic therapy and 9 commensal therapy studies. In addition to presenting qualitative summaries of these findings, therapeutic evidence for each bacterial formulation was assessed using the BHC to generate summative scores. These scores, which encompassed study quality, replication, and other considerations, were used to rank the most promising therapies and highlight deficiencies. Several therapeutic formulations, including VSL#3, Lactobacillus paracasei, Bifidobacterium animalis, E. coli Nissle 1917, and Prevotella histicola, emerged as the most promising. In contrast, a number of other therapies were hindered by limited evidence of replicable findings and other criteria, which need to be addressed by future studies in order to harness gut microbial therapies to ultimately provide cheaper, safer, and more durable treatments for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorrie L. Blais
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Theresa L. Montgomery
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Eyal Amiel
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Paula B. Deming
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Dimitry N. Krementsov
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
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25
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Calvo-Barreiro L, Eixarch H, Ponce-Alonso M, Castillo M, Lebrón-Galán R, Mestre L, Guaza C, Clemente D, del Campo R, Montalban X, Espejo C. A Commercial Probiotic Induces Tolerogenic and Reduces Pathogenic Responses in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040906. [PMID: 32272791 PMCID: PMC7226819 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) models have shown that some probiotic bacteria beneficially impact the development of this experimental disease. Here, we tested the therapeutic effect of two commercial multispecies probiotics—Lactibiane iki and Vivomixx—on the clinical outcome of established EAE. Lactibiane iki improves EAE clinical outcome in a dose-dependent manner and decreases central nervous system (CNS) demyelination and inflammation. This clinical improvement is related to the inhibition of pro-inflammatory and the stimulation of immunoregulatory mechanisms in the periphery. Moreover, both probiotics modulate the number and phenotype of dendritic cells (DCs). Specifically, Lactibiane iki promotes an immature, tolerogenic phenotype of DCs that can directly induce immune tolerance in the periphery, while Vivomixx decreases the percentage of DCs expressing co-stimulatory molecules. Finally, gut microbiome analysis reveals an altered microbiome composition related to clinical condition and disease progression. This is the first preclinical assay that demonstrates that a commercial probiotic performs a beneficial and dose-dependent effect in EAE mice and one of the few that demonstrates a therapeutic effect once the experimental disease is established. Because this probiotic is already available for clinical trials, further studies are being planned to explore its therapeutic potential in multiple sclerosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Calvo-Barreiro
- Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d’Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Passeig Vall d’Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (L.C.-B.); (H.E.); (M.C.); (X.M.)
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Red Española de Esclerosis Múltiple (REEM), Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, 28801 Madrid, Spain; (R.L.-G.); (L.M.); (C.G.); (D.C.)
| | - Herena Eixarch
- Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d’Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Passeig Vall d’Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (L.C.-B.); (H.E.); (M.C.); (X.M.)
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Red Española de Esclerosis Múltiple (REEM), Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, 28801 Madrid, Spain; (R.L.-G.); (L.M.); (C.G.); (D.C.)
| | - Manuel Ponce-Alonso
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Carretera de Colmenar km. 9.1, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (M.P.-A.); (R.d.C.)
| | - Mireia Castillo
- Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d’Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Passeig Vall d’Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (L.C.-B.); (H.E.); (M.C.); (X.M.)
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Red Española de Esclerosis Múltiple (REEM), Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, 28801 Madrid, Spain; (R.L.-G.); (L.M.); (C.G.); (D.C.)
| | - Rafael Lebrón-Galán
- Red Española de Esclerosis Múltiple (REEM), Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, 28801 Madrid, Spain; (R.L.-G.); (L.M.); (C.G.); (D.C.)
- Grupo de Neuroinmuno-Reparación, Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Finca “La Peraleda” s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Leyre Mestre
- Red Española de Esclerosis Múltiple (REEM), Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, 28801 Madrid, Spain; (R.L.-G.); (L.M.); (C.G.); (D.C.)
- Grupo de Neuroinmunología, Departamento de Neurobiología Funcional y de Sistemas, Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Avenida Doctor Arce 37, 28002 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Guaza
- Red Española de Esclerosis Múltiple (REEM), Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, 28801 Madrid, Spain; (R.L.-G.); (L.M.); (C.G.); (D.C.)
- Grupo de Neuroinmunología, Departamento de Neurobiología Funcional y de Sistemas, Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Avenida Doctor Arce 37, 28002 Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Clemente
- Red Española de Esclerosis Múltiple (REEM), Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, 28801 Madrid, Spain; (R.L.-G.); (L.M.); (C.G.); (D.C.)
- Grupo de Neuroinmuno-Reparación, Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Finca “La Peraleda” s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Rosa del Campo
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Carretera de Colmenar km. 9.1, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (M.P.-A.); (R.d.C.)
| | - Xavier Montalban
- Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d’Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Passeig Vall d’Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (L.C.-B.); (H.E.); (M.C.); (X.M.)
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Red Española de Esclerosis Múltiple (REEM), Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, 28801 Madrid, Spain; (R.L.-G.); (L.M.); (C.G.); (D.C.)
- Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, St. Michael’s Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Carmen Espejo
- Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d’Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Passeig Vall d’Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (L.C.-B.); (H.E.); (M.C.); (X.M.)
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Red Española de Esclerosis Múltiple (REEM), Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, 28801 Madrid, Spain; (R.L.-G.); (L.M.); (C.G.); (D.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-93-489-3599
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Zhao J, Jing J, Zhao W, Li X, Hou L, Zheng C, Kong Q, Li W, Yao X, Chang L, Li H, Mu L, Wang G, Wang J. Osteopontin exacerbates the progression of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis by affecting the differentiation of T cell subsets. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 82:106335. [PMID: 32109680 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a multifunctional extracellular matrix phosphoprotein that has a specific and complicated structure, and contributes to numerous physiological and pathological activities. The mechanism of OPN in many diseases has been confirmed; however, the role of OPN in myasthenia gravis (MG) remains unclear. In this study, we recombined rat OPN protein in vitro, and assessed how OPN affects the development of autoimmunity using an experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) rat model. The results showed that the concentration of OPN in serum was up-regulated. Both mRNA and protein levels in splenocytes increased in the EAMG model. OPN treatment in vitro strongly promoted the differentiation of Th1 cells, and inhibited the differentiation of Treg cells. Intraperitoneal injection of OPN revealed the early incidence of EAMG, and more serious disease. This effect was accompanied by an increased percentage of Th1 cells. In conclusion, OPN likely exacerbates the pathogenesis of EAMG by promoting the differentiation of Th1 cells and inhibiting the differentiation of Treg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
| | - Jia Jing
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
| | - Xinrong Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
| | - Lixuan Hou
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
| | - Chunfeng Zheng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar City, Heilongjiang 161000, China
| | - Qingfei Kong
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
| | - Wenjin Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
| | - Xiuhua Yao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Lulu Chang
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
| | - Hulun Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
| | - Lili Mu
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China.
| | - Guangyou Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China.
| | - Jinghua Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China.
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27
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Dargahi N, Matsoukas J, Apostolopoulos V. Streptococcus thermophilus ST285 Alters Pro-Inflammatory to Anti-Inflammatory Cytokine Secretion against Multiple Sclerosis Peptide in Mice. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10020126. [PMID: 32102262 PMCID: PMC7071487 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10020126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotic bacteria have beneficial effects to the development and maintenance of a healthy microflora that subsequently has health benefits to humans. Some of the health benefits attributed to probiotics have been noted to be via their immune modulatory properties suppressing inflammatory conditions. Hence, probiotics have become prominent in recent years of investigation with regard to their health benefits. As such, in the current study, we determined the effects of Streptococcus thermophilus to agonist MBP83-99 peptide immunized mouse spleen cells. It was noted that Streptococcus thermophilus induced a significant increase in the expression of anti-inflammatory IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 cytokines, and decreased the secretion of pro-inflammatory IL-1β and IFN-γ Regular consumption of Streptococcus thermophilus may therefore be beneficial in the management and treatment of autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Dargahi
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne VIC 3030, Australia;
| | | | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne VIC 3030, Australia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +613-9919-2025
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28
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Rinaldi E, Consonni A, Cordiglieri C, Sacco G, Crasà C, Fontana A, Morelli L, Elli M, Mantegazza R, Baggi F. Therapeutic Effect of Bifidobacterium Administration on Experimental Autoimmune Myasthenia Gravis in Lewis Rats. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2949. [PMID: 31956324 PMCID: PMC6951413 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Beneficial effects of probiotics on gut microbiota homeostasis and inflammatory immune responses suggested the investigation of their potential clinical efficacy in experimental models of autoimmune diseases. Indeed, administration of two bifidobacteria and lactobacilli probiotic strains prevented disease manifestations in the Lewis rat model of Myasthenia Gravis (EAMG). Here, we demonstrate the clinical efficacy of therapeutic administration of vital bifidobacteria (i.e., from EAMG onset). The mechanisms involved in immunomodulation were investigated with ex vivo and in vitro experiments. Improvement of EAMG symptoms was associated to decreased anti-rat AChR antibody levels, and differential expression of TGFβ and FoxP3 immunoregulatory transcripts in draining lymph nodes and spleen of treated-EAMG rats. Exposure of rat bone marrow-derived dendritic cells to bifidobacteria or lactobacilli strains upregulated toll-like receptor 2 mRNA expression, a key molecule involved in bacterium recognition via lipotheicoic acid. Live imaging experiments of AChR-specific effector T cells, co-cultured with BMDCs pre-exposed to bifidobacteria, demonstrated increased percentages of motile effector T cells, suggesting a hindered formation of TCR-peptide-MHC complex. Composition of gut microbiota was studied by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and α and β diversity were determined in probiotic treated EAMG rats, with altered ratios between Tenericutes and Verrucomicrobia (phylum level), and Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae (family level). Moreover, the relative abundance of Akkermansia genus was found increased compared to healthy and probiotic treated EAMG rats. In conclusion, our findings confirms that the administration of vital bifidobacteria at EAMG onset has beneficial effects on disease progression; this study further supports preclinical research in human MG to evaluate probiotic efficacy as supplementary therapy in MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Rinaldi
- Neurology IV - Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Consonni
- Neurology IV - Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Cordiglieri
- Neurology IV - Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Grazia Sacco
- Neurology IV - Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Camilla Crasà
- Neurology IV - Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Fontana
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Morelli
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Marina Elli
- AAT-Advanced Analytical Technologies, Fiorenzuola d'Arda, Italy
| | - Renato Mantegazza
- Neurology IV - Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Fulvio Baggi
- Neurology IV - Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
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29
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He B, Hoang TK, Tian X, Taylor CM, Blanchard E, Luo M, Bhattacharjee MB, Freeborn J, Park S, Couturier J, Lindsey JW, Tran DQ, Rhoads JM, Liu Y. Lactobacillus reuteri Reduces the Severity of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Mice by Modulating Gut Microbiota. Front Immunol 2019; 10:385. [PMID: 30899262 PMCID: PMC6416370 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome plays an important role in immune function and has been implicated in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, how and if the modulation of microbiota can prevent or treat MS remain largely unknown. In this study, we showed that probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (L. reuteri) ameliorated the development of murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a widely used animal model of MS, a model which is primarily mediated by TH17 and TH1 cells. We discovered that L. reuteri treatment reduced TH1/TH17 cells and their associated cytokines IFN-γ/IL-17 in EAE mice. We also showed that the loss of diversity of gut microbiota induced by EAE was largely restored by L. reuteri treatment. Taxonomy-based analysis of gut microbiota showed that three “beneficial” genera Bifidobacterium, Prevotella, and Lactobacillus were negatively correlated with EAE clinical severity, whereas the genera Anaeroplasma, Rikenellaceae, and Clostridium were positively correlated with disease severity. Notably, L. reuteri treatment coordinately altered the relative abundance of these EAE-associated taxa. In conclusion, probiotic L. reuteri changed gut microbiota to modulate immune responses in EAE, making it a novel candidate in future studies to modify the severity of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baokun He
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston-McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Thomas K Hoang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston-McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Xiangjun Tian
- Department of Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Christopher M Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Parasitology, Louisiana State University, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Eugene Blanchard
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Parasitology, Louisiana State University, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Meng Luo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Parasitology, Louisiana State University, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Meenakshi B Bhattacharjee
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston-McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jasmin Freeborn
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston-McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sinyoung Park
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston-McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jacob Couturier
- Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston-McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States
| | - John William Lindsey
- Neurology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston-McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Dat Q Tran
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston-McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jon Marc Rhoads
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston-McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Yuying Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston-McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States
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30
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Immunomodulatory effects of probiotics: Can they be used to treat allergies and autoimmune diseases? Maturitas 2018; 119:25-38. [PMID: 30502748 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As a person ages, physiological, immunological and gut microbiome changes collectively result in an array of chronic conditions. According to the 'hygiene hypothesis' the increasing prevalence of immune-mediated disorders may be related to intestinal dysbiosis, leading to immune dysfunction and associated conditions such as eczema, asthma, allergies and autoimmune diseases. Beneficial probiotic bacteria can be utilized by increasing their abundance within the gastrointestinal lumen, which in turn will modulate immune cells, such as, T helper (Th)-1, Th2, Th17, regulatory T (Treg) cells and B cells, which have direct relevance to human health and the pathogenesis of immune disorders. Here, we describe the cross-talk between probiotics and the gastrointestinal immune system, and their effects in relation to inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, allergies and atopic dermatitis.
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31
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Li N, Wang Q, Wang Y, Sun A, Lin Y, Jin Y, Li X. Oral Probiotics Ameliorate the Behavioral Deficits Induced by Chronic Mild Stress in Mice via the Gut Microbiota-Inflammation Axis. Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 12:266. [PMID: 30459574 PMCID: PMC6232506 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, a burgeoning body of research has revealed links between depression and the gut microbiota, leading to the therapeutic use of probiotics for stress-related disorders. In this study, we explored the potential antidepressant efficacy of a multi-strain probiotics treatment (Lactobacillus helveticus R0052, Lactobacillus plantarum R1012, and Bifidobacterium longum R0175) in a chronic mild stress (CMS) mouse model of depression and determined its probable mechanism of action. Our findings revealed that mice subjected to CMS exhibited anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors in the sucrose preference test, elevated plus maze, and forced swim test, along with increased interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 levels in the hippocampus. Moreover, the microbiota distinctly changed from the non-stress group and was characterized by highly diverse bacterial communities associated with significant reductions in Lactobacillus species. Probiotics attenuated CMS-induced anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors, significantly increased Lactobacillus abundance, and reversed the CMS-induced immune changes in the hippocampus. Thus, the possible mechanism involved in the antidepressant-like activity of probiotics is correlated with Lactobacillus species via the gut microbiota-inflammation-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Li
- Department of Geriatrics Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Mental Health Center, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Anji Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yiwei Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ye Jin
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaobai Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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