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Bagheri-Hosseinabadi Z, Eshkevari SMS, Khalighfard S, Alizadeh AM, Khori V, Amiriani T, Poorkhani A, Sadani S, Esmati E, Lashgari M, Mahmoodi M, Hajizadeh MR. A systematic approach introduced some immune system targets in rectal cancer by considering cell-free DNA methylation in response to radiochemotherapy. Cytokine 2024; 181:156666. [PMID: 38906038 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to investigate cell-free DNA (cfDNA) methylation of genes involved in some immune system targets as biomarkers of radioresistance in patients with non-metastatic rectal cancer. METHODS Gene expression (GSE68204, GPL6480, and GSE15781) and DNA methylation profiles (GSE75548 and GSE139404) of rectal cancer patients were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. GEO2R and FunRich software were first used to identify genes with significant expression differences. Enricher softwer was then used to analyze Gene Ontology and detect pathway enrichment of hub genes. Blood samples were then taken from 43 rectal cancer patients. After cfDNA extraction from samples, it was treated with bisulfite and analyzed by methylation-specific PCR. RESULTS 1088 genes with high and 629 with low expression were identified by GEO2R and FunRich software. A total of five high-expression hub genes, including CDH24, FGF18, CCND1, IFITM1, UBE2V1, and three low-expression hub genes, including CBLN2, VIPR2, and IRF4, were identified from UALCAN and DNMIVD databases. Methylation-specific PCR indicated a significant difference in hub gene methylation between cancerous and non-cancerous individuals. Radiochemotherapy significantly affected hub gene methylation. There was a considerable difference in the methylation rate of hub genes between patients who responded to radiochemotherapy and those who did not. CONCLUSIONS Evaluating gene methylation patterns might be an appropriate diagnostic tool to predict radiochemotherapy response and develop targeted therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Bagheri-Hosseinabadi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | | | | | - Ali Mohammad Alizadeh
- Radiation Oncology Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Vahid Khori
- Ischemic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Taghi Amiriani
- Ischemic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Amirhoushang Poorkhani
- Ischemic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Somayeh Sadani
- Ischemic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Esmati
- Radiation Oncology Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzih Lashgari
- Radiation Oncology Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mahmoodi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Hajizadeh
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
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2
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Sorroche BP, Miranda KC, Beltrami CM, Arantes LMRB, Kowalski LP, Marchi FA, Rogatto SR, Almeida JD. HOXA1 3'UTR Methylation Is a Potential Prognostic Biomarker in Oral Squamous cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:874. [PMID: 38473236 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16050874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HOXA1 is a prognostic marker and a potential predictive biomarker for radioresistance in head and neck tumors. Its overexpression has been associated with promoter methylation and a worse prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients. However, opposite outcomes are also described. The effect of the methylation of this gene on different gene regions, other than the promoter, remains uncertain. We investigated the methylation profile at different genomic regions of HOXA1 in OSCC and correlated differentially methylated CpG sites with clinicopathological data. METHODS The HOXA1 DNA methylation status was evaluated by analyzing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and three Gene Expression Omnibus datasets. Significant differentially methylated CpG sites were considered with a |∆β| ≥ 0.10 and a Bonferroni-corrected p-value < 0.01. Differentially methylated CpGs were validated by pyrosequencing using two independent cohorts of 15 and 47 OSCC patients, respectively. RESULTS Compared to normal tissues, we found significantly higher DNA methylation levels in the 3'UTR region of HOXA1 in OSCC. Higher methylation levels in tumor samples were positively correlated with smoking habits and patients' overall survival. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that HOXA1 gene body methylation is a promising prognostic biomarker for OSCC with potential clinical applications in patient monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Pereira Sorroche
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos 14784-400, Brazil
| | - Keila Cristina Miranda
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José dos Campos 12224-300, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luiz Paulo Kowalski
- Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology Department, AC Camargo Cancer Center, Latin American Cooperative Oncology Group, São Paulo 01509-010, Brazil
- Head and Neck Surgery Department and LIM 28, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Fabio Albuquerque Marchi
- Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Cancer Institute of the State of São Paulo (ICESP), São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil
- Clinical Hospital of the University of Sao Paulo Medical School (HCFMUSP), São Paulo 05403-010, Brazil
| | - Silvia Regina Rogatto
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, 7100 Vejle, Denmark
- Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Janete Dias Almeida
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José dos Campos 12224-300, Brazil
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3
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Lin HY, Yu CC, Chi CL, Wei CK, Yin WY, Tseng CE, Li SC. Peptidylarginine Deiminase Type 2 Predicts Tumor Progression and Poor Prognosis in Patients with Curatively Resected Biliary Tract Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4131. [PMID: 37627159 PMCID: PMC10452823 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15164131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: PADI2 is a post-translational modification (PTM) enzyme that catalyzes citrullination, which then triggers autoimmune disease and cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of peptidylarginine deiminase 2 (PADI2) protein expression in biliary tract cancer (BTC) patients. (2) Methods: Using immunohistochemistry, the PADI2 protein expression in BTC tissues was analyzed. The correlations between PADI2 protein expression and clinicopathologic characteristics were analyzed using Chi-square tests. The Kaplan-Meier procedure was used for comparing survival distributions. We used Cox proportional hazards regression for univariate and multivariate analyses. From 2014 to 2020, 30 resected BTC patients were enrolled in this study. (3) Results: Patients with high PADI2 protein expression were associated with shorter progress-free survival (PFS; p = 0.041), disease-specific survival (DSS; p = 0.025), and overall survival (OS; p = 0.017) than patients with low PADI2 protein expression. (4) Conclusions: The results indicated that PADI2 protein expression was an independent poor prognostic factor for BTC patients regarding PFS, DSS, and OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hon-Yi Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi 62247, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualian 97004, Taiwan; (C.-K.W.); (W.-Y.Y.); (C.-E.T.)
| | - Chih-Chia Yu
- Department of Medical Research, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi 62247, Taiwan;
| | - Chen-Lin Chi
- Department of Pathology, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chia-Yi 61303, Taiwan;
| | - Chang-Kuo Wei
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualian 97004, Taiwan; (C.-K.W.); (W.-Y.Y.); (C.-E.T.)
- Department of General Surgery, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi 62247, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yao Yin
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualian 97004, Taiwan; (C.-K.W.); (W.-Y.Y.); (C.-E.T.)
- Metabolic Surgery and Allied Care Center, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi 62247, Taiwan
| | - Chih-En Tseng
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualian 97004, Taiwan; (C.-K.W.); (W.-Y.Y.); (C.-E.T.)
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi 62247, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Chin Li
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualian 97004, Taiwan; (C.-K.W.); (W.-Y.Y.); (C.-E.T.)
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi 62247, Taiwan
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4
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Aghiorghiesei O, Irimie AI, Braicu C, Raduly L, Nutu A, Balint E, Mehterov N, Vladimirov B, Sarafian V, Lucaciu O, Campian R, Berindan-Neagoe I. Epigenetic methylation changes: implication as biomarkers in oral and maxillofacial area cancers. Med Pharm Rep 2023; 96:310-317. [PMID: 37577021 PMCID: PMC10419680 DOI: 10.15386/mpr-2570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aim Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most frequent cancer of the head and neck area in the oral cavity. Epigenetic alterations in oral and maxillofacial area cancers are urgently needed to be investigated, as the observed changes might have crucial diagnostic value for personalized medicine. Methods Our study aimed to identify the most frequently hypermethylated tumor suppressor gene promoters in OSCC, followed by correlation analysis with the patients' survival. We evaluated the methylation status of the promoters in a panel of 22 tumor suppressor genes in Romanian (n=9) and Bulgarian (n=12) patient groups suffering from oral and maxillofacial area cancers. The extracted DNA was further digested through EpiTect Methyl II PCR Array System containing methylation-sensitive and methylation-dependent restriction enzymes, followed by specific amplification of the products obtained by qPCR and data analysis using the online platform provided by the producer. Results Different methylation patterns were observed in the tumor suppressor genes' promoters. Among them, the methylation profile of Cccnd2, Chd1, Cdh13, Cdkn1c, Neurog1, Gstp1, and Runx3 genes further correlated with overall survival rates. Conclusions Our data emphasize that epigenetic alterations are responsible for the clinical heterogeneity of oral and maxillofacial area cancers and significantly impact on patient survival. Additional investigation on a larger patient cohort should validate these potential biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ovidiu Aghiorghiesei
- Department of Oral Health, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental Materials, Division Dental Propaedeutics, Aesthetic, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandra Iulia Irimie
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental Materials, Division Dental Propaedeutics, Aesthetic, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cornelia Braicu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lajos Raduly
- Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andreea Nutu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Emilia Balint
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Nikolay Mehterov
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Research Institute, Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Boyan Vladimirov
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Clinic of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital St. George, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Victoria Sarafian
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Research Institute, Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Ondine Lucaciu
- Department of Preventive Dental Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Radu Campian
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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5
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Hsu RJ, Peng KY, Hsu WL, Chen YT, Liu DW. Z-Ligustilide Induces c-Myc-Dependent Apoptosis via Activation of ER-Stress Signaling in Hypoxic Oral Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2022; 12:824043. [PMID: 35494068 PMCID: PMC9043595 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.824043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Z-ligustilide (or ligustilide) is found in Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels and may exert potential benefits in cancer treatment. Previous research has reported that ligustilide has anti-cancer effects on several types of cancer cells. However, studies of ligustilide on oral cancer cells have not been reported, especially under hypoxic conditions. This study focuses on the molecular mechanism of ligustilide-induced apoptosis in hypoxic oral cancer cells. We found that in hypoxic TW2.6 cells, ligustilide inhibited cell migration and induced caspase-dependent apoptosis. Accumulation of c-Myc accompanied by BH3-only members suggests that ligustilide may induce c-Myc-dependent apoptosis. In addition, we reported that ligustilide has an effect on ER-stress signaling. By using inhibitors of c-Myc, IRE1α, and ER-stress inhibitors, we found that cell morphologies or cell viability were rescued to some degree. Moreover, ligustilide is able to increase the expression of γ-H2AX and enhance the occurrence of DNA damage in oral cancer cells after radiation treatment. This result suggests that ligustilide has potential as a radiation sensitizer. Altogether, we propose that ligustilide may induce c-Myc-dependent apoptosis via ER-stress signaling in hypoxic oral cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Jun Hsu
- Cancer Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Kui-Yuan Peng
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Lin Hsu
- Cancer Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tang Chen
- Cancer Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Dai-Wei Liu
- Cancer Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
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6
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Wu CF, Hung TT, Su YC, Chen PJ, Lai KH, Wang CC. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Induces Immunosuppression of Neutrophils. Front Oncol 2022; 12:818192. [PMID: 35372022 PMCID: PMC8966035 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.818192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress of cancer cells not only determined cancer cell fate but also indirectly triggered proinflammatory or immunosuppressive responses of macrophages. In addition, ER stressed neutrophils were known to acquire immunosuppressive activity with surface expression of lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1). Since the importance of tumor ER stress and immunosuppressive neutrophils has been emphasized in head and neck cancers, we hypothesized that the ER stress of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) could transform neutrophils into LOX-1 expressing immunosuppressive phenotype. Two human OSCC cell lines, SCC25 and OML1, were treated with either vehicle or thapsigargin (THG), an ER stress inducer. These tumor conditioned media (TCM) were collected accordingly. Then human peripheral blood neutrophils from healthy donors were cultured in these TCM. The results showed that neutrophils cultured in THG-treated TCM had higher expression of LOX-1 compared with those cultured in vehicle-treated TCM. Moreover, by interleukin-2/anti-CD3/anti-CD28 activated autologous T cell proliferation assay, neutrophils conditioned by THG-treated TCM were shown to inhibit T cell proliferation more significantly than those conditioned by vehicle-treated TCM. These novel findings indicated that the ER stress of OSCC could be transmitted to neutrophils which in turn expressed LOX-1 and obtained immunosuppressive ability. Our findings further supported the existence of "transmissible" ER stress between tumor cells and neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Fang Wu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ting Hung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chieh Su
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Jen Chen
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Hung Lai
- PhD Program in Clinical Drug, Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chun Wang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Otolaryngology, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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7
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Carlos-Reyes A, Muñiz-Lino MA, Romero-Garcia S, López-Camarillo C, Hernández-de la Cruz ON. Biological Adaptations of Tumor Cells to Radiation Therapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:718636. [PMID: 34900673 PMCID: PMC8652287 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.718636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy has been used worldwide for many decades as a therapeutic regimen for the treatment of different types of cancer. Just over 50% of cancer patients are treated with radiotherapy alone or with other types of antitumor therapy. Radiation can induce different types of cell damage: directly, it can induce DNA single- and double-strand breaks; indirectly, it can induce the formation of free radicals, which can interact with different components of cells, including the genome, promoting structural alterations. During treatment, radiosensitive tumor cells decrease their rate of cell proliferation through cell cycle arrest stimulated by DNA damage. Then, DNA repair mechanisms are turned on to alleviate the damage, but cell death mechanisms are activated if damage persists and cannot be repaired. Interestingly, some cells can evade apoptosis because genome damage triggers the cellular overactivation of some DNA repair pathways. Additionally, some surviving cells exposed to radiation may have alterations in the expression of tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes, enhancing different hallmarks of cancer, such as migration, invasion, and metastasis. The activation of these genetic pathways and other epigenetic and structural cellular changes in the irradiated cells and extracellular factors, such as the tumor microenvironment, is crucial in developing tumor radioresistance. The tumor microenvironment is largely responsible for the poor efficacy of antitumor therapy, tumor relapse, and poor prognosis observed in some patients. In this review, we describe strategies that tumor cells use to respond to radiation stress, adapt, and proliferate after radiotherapy, promoting the appearance of tumor radioresistance. Also, we discuss the clinical impact of radioresistance in patient outcomes. Knowledge of such cellular strategies could help the development of new clinical interventions, increasing the radiosensitization of tumor cells, improving the effectiveness of these therapies, and increasing the survival of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeles Carlos-Reyes
- Department of Chronic-Degenerative Diseases, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marcos A. Muñiz-Lino
- Laboratorio de Patología y Medicina Bucal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Susana Romero-Garcia
- Department of Chronic-Degenerative Diseases, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - César López-Camarillo
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, Mexico, Mexico City
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8
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Yu CC, Chan MWY, Lin HY, Chiou WY, Lin RI, Chen CA, Lee MS, Chi CL, Chen LC, Huang LW, Chew CH, Hsu FC, Yang HJ, Hung SK. IRAK2, an IL1R/TLR Immune Mediator, Enhances Radiosensitivity via Modulating Caspase 8/3-Mediated Apoptosis in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:647175. [PMID: 34249686 PMCID: PMC8260692 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.647175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Predicting and overcoming radioresistance are crucial in radiation oncology, including in managing oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). First, we used RNA-sequence to compare expression profiles of parent OML1 and radioresistant OML1-R OSCC cells in order to select candidate genes responsible for radiation sensitivity. We identified IRAK2, a key immune mediator of the IL-1R/TLR signaling, as a potential target in investigating radiosensitivity. In four OSCC cell lines, we observed that intrinsically low IRAK2 expression demonstrated a radioresistant phenotype (i.e., OML1-R and SCC4), and vice versa (i.e., OML1 and SCC25). Next, we overexpressed IRAK2 in low IRAK2-expression OSCC cells and knocked it down in high IRAK2-expression cells to examine changes of irradiation response. After ionizing radiation (IR) exposure, IRAK2 overexpression enhanced the radiosensitivity of radioresistant cells and synergistically suppressed OSCC cell growth both in vitro and in vivo, and vice versa. We found that IRAK2 overexpression restored and enhanced radiosensitivity by enhancing IR-induced cell killing via caspase-8/3-dependent apoptosis. OSCC patients with high IRAK2 expression had better post-irradiation local control than those with low expression (i.e., 87.4% vs. 60.0% at five years, P = 0.055), showing that IRAK2 expression was associated with post-radiation recurrence. Multivariate analysis confirmed high IRAK2 expression as an independent predictor for local control (HR, 0.11; 95% CI, 0.016 – 0.760; P = 0.025). In conclusion, IRAK2 enhances radiosensitivity, via modulating caspase 8/3-medicated apoptosis, potentially playing double roles as a predictive biomarker and a novel therapeutic target in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chia Yu
- Department of Medical Research, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Michael W Y Chan
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.,Epigenomics and Human Disease Research Center, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.,Center for Innovative Research on Aging Society (CIRAS), National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Hon-Yi Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualian, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yen Chiou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualian, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Inn Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Chien-An Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongxing Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Moon-Sing Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualian, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Lin Chi
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualian, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Cheng Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualian, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wen Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualian, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hui Chew
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualian, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Chun Hsu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Ju Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Kai Hung
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualian, Taiwan
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9
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Soares-Lima SC, Mehanna H, Camuzi D, de Souza-Santos PT, Simão TDA, Nicolau-Neto P, Almeida Lopes MDS, Cuenin C, Talukdar FR, Batis N, Costa I, Dias F, Degli Esposti D, Boroni M, Herceg Z, Ribeiro Pinto LF. Upper Aerodigestive Tract Squamous Cell Carcinomas Show Distinct Overall DNA Methylation Profiles and Different Molecular Mechanisms behind WNT Signaling Disruption. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3014. [PMID: 34208581 PMCID: PMC8234055 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13123014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) tumors present different biological behavior and prognosis, suggesting specific molecular mechanisms underlying their development. However, they are rarely considered as single entities (particularly head and neck subsites) and share the most common genetic alterations. Therefore, there is a need for a better understanding of the global DNA methylation differences among UADT tumors. We performed a genome-wide DNA methylation analysis of esophageal (ESCC), laryngeal (LSCC), oral (OSCC) and oropharyngeal (OPSCC) squamous cell carcinomas, and their non-tumor counterparts. The unsupervised analysis showed that non-tumor tissues present markedly distinct DNA methylation profiles, while tumors are highly heterogeneous. Hypomethylation was more frequent in LSCC and OPSCC, while ESCC and OSCC presented mostly hypermethylation, with the latter showing a CpG island overrepresentation. Differentially methylated regions affected genes in 127 signaling pathways, with only 3.1% of these being common among different tumor subsites, but with different genes affected. The WNT signaling pathway, known to be dysregulated in different epithelial tumors, is a frequent hit for DNA methylation and gene expression alterations in ESCC and OPSCC, but mostly for genetic alterations in LSCC and OSCC. UADT tumor subsites present differences in genome-wide methylation regarding their profile, intensity, genomic regions and signaling pathways affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Coelho Soares-Lima
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Program, Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Rua André Cavalcanti, 37–6° Andar, Bairro de Fátima, Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, Brazil; (S.C.S.-L.); (D.C.); (P.N.-N.); (M.d.S.A.L.)
| | - Hisham Mehanna
- Institute of Head and Neck Studies and Education (InHANSE), Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (H.M.); (N.B.)
| | - Diego Camuzi
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Program, Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Rua André Cavalcanti, 37–6° Andar, Bairro de Fátima, Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, Brazil; (S.C.S.-L.); (D.C.); (P.N.-N.); (M.d.S.A.L.)
| | | | - Tatiana de Almeida Simão
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Av. 28 de Setembro 87 fundos, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro 20551-013, Brazil;
| | - Pedro Nicolau-Neto
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Program, Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Rua André Cavalcanti, 37–6° Andar, Bairro de Fátima, Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, Brazil; (S.C.S.-L.); (D.C.); (P.N.-N.); (M.d.S.A.L.)
| | - Monique de Souza Almeida Lopes
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Program, Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Rua André Cavalcanti, 37–6° Andar, Bairro de Fátima, Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, Brazil; (S.C.S.-L.); (D.C.); (P.N.-N.); (M.d.S.A.L.)
| | - Cyrille Cuenin
- Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, CEDEX 08, 69372 Lyon, France; (C.C.); (F.R.T.); (D.D.E.); (Z.H.)
| | - Fazlur Rahman Talukdar
- Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, CEDEX 08, 69372 Lyon, France; (C.C.); (F.R.T.); (D.D.E.); (Z.H.)
| | - Nikolaos Batis
- Institute of Head and Neck Studies and Education (InHANSE), Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (H.M.); (N.B.)
| | - Izabella Costa
- Seção de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Instituto Nacional de Câncer—INCA, Praça da Cruz Vermelha, Rio de Janeiro 20230-130, Brazil; (I.C.); (F.D.)
| | - Fernando Dias
- Seção de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Instituto Nacional de Câncer—INCA, Praça da Cruz Vermelha, Rio de Janeiro 20230-130, Brazil; (I.C.); (F.D.)
| | - Davide Degli Esposti
- Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, CEDEX 08, 69372 Lyon, France; (C.C.); (F.R.T.); (D.D.E.); (Z.H.)
| | - Mariana Boroni
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Lab, Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Rua André Cavalcanti, 37–1° Andar, Bairro de Fátima, Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, Brazil;
| | - Zdenko Herceg
- Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, CEDEX 08, 69372 Lyon, France; (C.C.); (F.R.T.); (D.D.E.); (Z.H.)
| | - Luis Felipe Ribeiro Pinto
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Program, Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Rua André Cavalcanti, 37–6° Andar, Bairro de Fátima, Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, Brazil; (S.C.S.-L.); (D.C.); (P.N.-N.); (M.d.S.A.L.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Av. 28 de Setembro 87 fundos, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro 20551-013, Brazil;
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10
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Yang H, Jin X, Dan H, Chen Q. Histone modifications in oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral potentially malignant disorders. Oral Dis 2019; 26:719-732. [PMID: 31056829 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huamei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Medicine of Carcinogenesis and Management West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Xin Jin
- College of Stomatology Chongqing Medical University Chongqing China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences Chongqing China
| | - Hongxia Dan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Medicine of Carcinogenesis and Management West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Medicine of Carcinogenesis and Management West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University Chengdu China
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11
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Xu Z, Wu J, Cai P, Zhou X, Yi C, Wang B. Effects of FHIT gene on proliferation and apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 17:877-882. [PMID: 30655842 PMCID: PMC6312956 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory effects of fragile histidine triad (FHIT) gene on proliferation and apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells were studied. The hFOB1.19 and Saos2 cells were routinely cultured, pcDNA3.1-FHIT overexpression vectors carrying FHIT gene fragments and blank pcDNA3.1 vectors were transfected into Saos2 cells, respectively, and the cells were divided into hFOB, Saos2, transfection and no-load transfection groups. After transfection for 48 h, the cells were collected and analyzed. The expression of FHIT messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) was detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The expression of FHIT protein was detected by western blot analysis. Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK8) was used to detect cell proliferation, and flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis. The expression of FHIT mRNA was significantly decreased in Saos2 group compared with that in hFOB group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The expression of FHIT mRNA was significantly increased in transfection group compared with that in Saos2 group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The expression of FHIT protein was obviously decreased in Saos2 group compared with that in hFOB group, and there was a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). The expression of FHIT protein was obviously increased in transfection group compared with that in Saos2 group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Compared with that in the hFOB group, the cell proliferation rate was remarkably increased in Saos2 group, while the apoptosis rate was remarkably decreased, showing statistically significant differences (P<0.05). Compared with those in Saos2 group, the cell proliferation rate was significantly decreased in transfection group, while the apoptosis rate was significantly increased, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). In conclusion, FHIT gene regulates the proliferation and apoptosis of Saos2 osteosarcoma cells, inhibits the proliferation and promotes apoptosis of Saos2 osteosarcoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengfeng Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhoupu Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Science, Shanghai 201318, P.R. China
| | - Jiajun Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhoupu Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Science, Shanghai 201318, P.R. China
| | - Pan Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhoupu Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Science, Shanghai 201318, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhoupu Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Science, Shanghai 201318, P.R. China
| | - Cunguo Yi
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhoupu Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Science, Shanghai 201318, P.R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhoupu Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Science, Shanghai 201318, P.R. China
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12
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Zhu X, Wang Y, Tan L, Fu X. The pivotal role of DNA methylation in the radio-sensitivity of tumor radiotherapy. Cancer Med 2018; 7:3812-3819. [PMID: 29952116 PMCID: PMC6089158 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is an important modality for treatment of carcinomas; however, radio‐resistance is still a difficult problem. Aberrant epigenetic alterations play an important role in cancer development. Among epigenetic parameters, DNA methylation has arguably attracted the most attention in the radio‐resistance process. To determine the role of DNA methylation in radiation resistance, several studies were conducted. We summarized previous studies on the role of DNA methylation in radiotherapy. We observed this significant role of DNA methylation in genes related to DNA repair, cell proliferation, cell cycle process, and re‐oxygenation. Furtherly, we also conclude the predictive effect of DNA methylation on tumor radio‐sensitivity and the using of DNA methyltransferase inhibitors in clinical practice. DNA methylation plays a pivotal role in the radio‐sensitivity of tumor radio‐therapy. While hyper‐methylation or hypo‐methylation of genes is related to gene functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueru Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Chest Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiting Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Chest Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Tan
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, Fudan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolong Fu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Chest Hospital, Shanghai, China
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13
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Xu Z, Liu Y, Yang Y, Wang J, Zhang G, Liu Z, Fu H, Wang Z, Liu H, Xu J. High expression of Mucin13 associates with grimmer postoperative prognosis of patients with non-metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 8:7548-7558. [PMID: 27911274 PMCID: PMC5352342 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mucin13 (MUC13) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is aberrantly expressed in ovarian and gastro-intestinal tumors, but its role in renal cell carcinoma remains elusive. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the prognostic value of MUC13 expression in patients with non-metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) after surgical resection. Results MUC13 high expression was associated with high Fuhrman grade (p < 0.001), high SSIGN score (p = 0.011), early recurrence (p < 0.001) and poor survival (p < 0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified MUC13 expression as an independent prognostic factor for RFS and OS of ccRCC patients. A nomogram integrating MUC13 expression and other independent prognosticators was established to predict RFS and OS of ccRCC patients. Optimal agreement was shown between the predictions and observations in calibration curves. Matrials and methods This study enrolled 410 postoperative non-metastatic ccRCC patients at a single institution. Clinicopathologic variables, recurrence-free survival (RFS), and overall survival (OS) were recorded. MUC13 expression was detected by immunohistochemical staining in tumor specimens. Association of MUC13 expression with clinicopathological factors was explored. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to compare survival curves. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were used to analyze the impact of prognostic factors on RFS and OS. A prognostic nomogram was constructed based on the independent prognostic factors identified by multivariate analysis. Conclusions MUC13 high expression is a novel independent adverse prognostic factor of clinical outcome in non-metastatic ccRCC patients after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yidong Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuanfeng Yang
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jieti Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guodong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hangcheng Fu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zewei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Haiou Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jiejie Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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14
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Chi HC, Tsai CY, Tsai MM, Lin KH. Impact of DNA and RNA Methylation on Radiobiology and Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020555. [PMID: 29439529 PMCID: PMC5855777 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a well-established regimen for nearly half the cancer patients worldwide. However, not all cancer patients respond to irradiation treatment, and radioresistance is highly associated with poor prognosis and risk of recurrence. Elucidation of the biological characteristics of radioresistance and development of effective prognostic markers to guide clinical decision making clearly remain an urgent medical requirement. In tumorigenic and radioresistant cancer cell populations, phenotypic switch is observed during the course of irradiation treatment, which is associated with both stable genetic and epigenetic changes. While the importance of epigenetic changes is widely accepted, the irradiation-triggered specific epigenetic alterations at the molecular level are incompletely defined. The present review provides a summary of current studies on the molecular functions of DNA and RNA m6A methylation, the key epigenetic mechanisms involved in regulating the expression of genetic information, in resistance to irradiation and cancer progression. We additionally discuss the effects of DNA methylation and RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) of specific genes in cancer progression, recurrence, and radioresistance. As epigenetic alterations could be reversed by drug treatment or inhibition of specific genes, they are also considered potential targets for anticancer therapy and/or radiotherapy sensitizers. The mechanisms of irradiation-induced alterations in DNA and RNA m6A methylation, and ways in which this understanding can be applied clinically, including utilization of methylation patterns as prognostic markers for cancer radiotherapy and their manipulation for anticancer therapy or use as radiotherapy sensitizers, have been further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Cheng Chi
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University/Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Chung-Ying Tsai
- Kidney Research Center and Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Ming Tsai
- Department of Nursing, Chang-Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613, Taiwan.
| | - Kwang-Huei Lin
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
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15
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Hsieh HY, Jou YC, Tung CL, Tsai YS, Wang YH, Chi CL, Lin RI, Hung SK, Chuang YM, Wu SF, Li C, Shen CH, Chan MWY, Hsu CD. Epigenetic silencing of the dual-role signal mediator, ANGPTL4 in tumor tissues and its overexpression in the urothelial carcinoma microenvironment. Oncogene 2017; 37:673-686. [PMID: 29035390 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Urothelial carcinoma (UC) carcinogenesis has been hypothesized to occur through epigenetic repression of tumor-suppressor genes (TSGs). By quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction array, we found that one potential TSG, angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4), was expressed at very low levels in all bladder cancer cell lines we examined. Previous studies had demonstrated that ANGPTL4 is highly expressed in some cancers, but downregulated, by DNA methylation, in others. Consequently, owing to these seemingly conflicting functions in distinct cancers, the precise role of ANGPTL4 in the etiology of UC remains unclear. In this study, using methylation-specific PCR and bisulfite pyrosequencing, we show that ANGPTL4 is transcriptionally repressed by DNA methylation in UC cell lines and primary tumor samples, as compared with adjacent noncancerous bladder epithelium. Functional studies further demonstrated that ectopic expression of ANGPTL4 potently suppressed UC cell proliferation, monolayer colony formation in vitro, and invasion, migration, and xenograft formation in vivo. Surprisingly, circulating ANGPTL4 was significantly higher in plasma samples from UC patients than normal control, suggesting it might be secreted from other cell types. Interestingly, our data also indicated that exogenous cANGPTL4 could promote cell proliferation and cell migration via activation of signaling through the Erk/focal adhesion kinase axis. We further confirmed that mouse xenograft tumor growth could be promoted by administration of exogenous cANGPTL4. Finally, immunohistochemistry demonstrated that ANGPTL4 was downregulated in tumor cells but overexpressed in tumor adjacent stromal tissues of muscle-invasive UC tissue samples. In conclusion, our data support dual roles for ANGPTL4 in UC progression, either as a tumor suppressor or oncogene, in response to microenvironmental context.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-Y Hsieh
- Department of Medical Research, Ditmanson Medical Fountain Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Department of Life Science, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Department of Biology, National Museum of Natural Science, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Y-C Jou
- Department of Urology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - C-L Tung
- Department of Pathology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Y-S Tsai
- Department of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Y-H Wang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of General Surgery, Department of Urology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - C-L Chi
- Department of Pathology, Buddhist Dalin Tzu Chi General Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - R-I Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Buddhist Dalin Tzu Chi General Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - S-K Hung
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Buddhist Dalin Tzu Chi General Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Y-M Chuang
- Department of Life Science, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - S-F Wu
- Department of Life Science, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - C Li
- Department of Life Science, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - C-H Shen
- Department of Urology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - M W Y Chan
- Department of Life Science, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - C-D Hsu
- Department of Medical Research, Ditmanson Medical Fountain Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Department of Life Science, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
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16
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Yu CC, Hung SK, Lin HY, Chiou WY, Lee MS, Liao HF, Huang HB, Ho HC, Su YC. Targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway as an effectively radiosensitizing strategy for treating human oral squamous cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. Oncotarget 2017; 8:68641-68653. [PMID: 28978144 PMCID: PMC5620284 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) is the current standard adjuvant approach for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients. Radioresistance is a major contributor to radiotherapy failure. In this study, we used patient-derived cells and a radiation-resistant cell line in vitro and in vivo for two purposes: evaluate the anti-tumor effects and understand the mechanisms in the dual PI3K/mTOR signaling pathway regulation of radiosensitization. Our findings indicate that in OML1-R cells, the radioresistance phenotype is associated with activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Compared to a combination of PI3K or mTOR inhibitors and radiation, dual blockade of the PI3K and mTOR kinases significantly improved radiation efficacy in oral cancer and patient-derived OSCC cells. Dual PI3K/mTOR inhibition enhanced the effect of radiation by inhibiting AKT/mTOR signaling pathways and caused G1 phase arrest, which is associated with downregulation of cyclin D1/CDK4 activity, leading to growth inhibition. In nude mice xenografted with radioresistant OML1-R cells, the combined treatment was also more effective than RT alone in reducing tumor growth. This treatment was also demonstrated to be dependent on the inhibition of protein kinase-dependent S6 kinase pathway and eIF4E-mediated cap-dependent translation. These findings indicate that activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway has a role in radioresistance of OSCC. We determined that a PI3K/mTOR inhibitor combined with radiation exhibits synergistic inhibition of the AKT/mTOR axis and induces cell cycle arrest. Our results show the therapeutic potential of drugs targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway should be new candidate drugs for radiosensitization in radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chia Yu
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shih-Kai Hung
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taiwan, R.O.C.,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualian, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hon-Yi Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taiwan, R.O.C.,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualian, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wen-Yen Chiou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taiwan, R.O.C.,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualian, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Moon-Sing Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taiwan, R.O.C.,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualian, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hui-Fen Liao
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsien-Bin Huang
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsu-Chueh Ho
- Department of Otolaryngology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Chieh Su
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C
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17
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Kumar A, Sarode SC, Sarode GS, Majumdar B, Patil S, Sharma NK. Beyond gene dictation in oral squamous cell carcinoma progression and its therapeutic implications. TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH IN ORAL ONCOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/2057178x17701463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar
- Cancer and Translational Research Lab, Dr D.Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sachin C Sarode
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dr D.Y. Patil Dental College and Research, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Gargi S Sarode
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dr D.Y. Patil Dental College and Research, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Barnali Majumdar
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Bhojia Dental College and Hospital, Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nilesh Kumar Sharma
- Cancer and Translational Research Lab, Dr D.Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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18
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Hazan I, Hofmann TG, Aqeilan RI. Tumor Suppressor Genes within Common Fragile Sites Are Active Players in the DNA Damage Response. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006436. [PMID: 27977694 PMCID: PMC5157955 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of common fragile sites (CFSs) in cancer remains controversial. Two main views dominate the discussion: one suggests that CFS loci are hotspots of genomic instability leading to inactivation of genes encoded within them, while the other view proposes that CFSs are functional units and that loss of the encoded genes confers selective pressure, leading to cancer development. The latter view is supported by emerging evidence showing that expression of a given CFS is associated with genome integrity and that inactivation of CFS-resident tumor suppressor genes leads to dysregulation of the DNA damage response (DDR) and increased genomic instability. These two viewpoints of CFS function are not mutually exclusive but rather coexist; when breaks at CFSs are not repaired accurately, this can lead to deletions by which cells acquire growth advantage because of loss of tumor suppressor activities. Here, we review recent advances linking some CFS gene products with the DDR, genomic instability, and carcinogenesis and discuss how their inactivation might represent a selective advantage for cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idit Hazan
- Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, IMRIC, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Thomas G. Hofmann
- Cellular Senescence Group, Department of Epigenetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rami I. Aqeilan
- Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, IMRIC, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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19
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Qin CJ, Song XM, Chen ZH, Ren XQ, Xu KW, Jing H, He YL. XRCC2 as a predictive biomarker for radioresistance in locally advanced rectal cancer patients undergoing preoperative radiotherapy. Oncotarget 2016; 6:32193-204. [PMID: 26320178 PMCID: PMC4741669 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
XRCC2 has been shown to increase the radioresistance of some cancers. Here, XRCC2 expression was investigated as a predictor of preoperative radiotherapy (PRT) treatment response in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). XRCC2 was found to be overexpressed in rectal cancer tissues resected from patients who underwent surgery without PRT. In addition, overall survival for LARC patients was improved in XRCC2-negative patients compared with XRCC2-positive patients after treatment with PRT (P < 0.001). XRCC2 expression was also associated with an increase in LARC radioresistance. Conversely, XRCC2-deficient cancer cells were more sensitive to irradiation in vitro, and a higher proportion of these cells underwent cell death induced by G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis. When XRCC2 was knocked down, the repair of DNA double-strand breaks caused by irradiation was impaired. Therefore, XRCC2 may increases LARC radioresistance by repairing DNA double-strand breaks and preventing cancer cell apoptosis. Moreover, the present data suggest that XRCC2 is a useful predictive biomarker of PRT treatment response in LARC patients. Thus, inhibition of XRCC2 expression or activity represents a potential therapeutic strategy for improving PRT response in LARC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Jiang Qin
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Hennan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xin-Ming Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Qun Ren
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Hennan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Kai-Wu Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Jing
- Department of Pathology, Huaihe Hospital of Hennan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yu-Long He
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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20
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Yeh CM, Chen PC, Hsieh HY, Jou YC, Lin CT, Tsai MH, Huang WY, Wang YT, Lin RI, Chen SS, Tung CL, Wu SF, Chang DC, Shen CH, Hsu CD, Chan MWY. Methylomics analysis identifies ZNF671 as an epigenetically repressed novel tumor suppressor and a potential non-invasive biomarker for the detection of urothelial carcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:29555-72. [PMID: 26320192 PMCID: PMC4745746 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanism underlying the lethal phenomenon of urothelial carcinoma (UC) tumor recurrence remains unresolved. Here, by methylation microarray, we identified promoter methylation of the zinc-finger protein gene, ZNF671 in bladder UC tumor tissue samples, a finding that was independently validated by bisulphite pyrosequencing in cell lines and tissue samples. Subsequent assays including treatment with epigenetic depressive agents and in vitro methylation showed ZNF671 methylation to result in its transcriptional repression. ZNF671 re-expression in UC cell lines, via ectopic expression, inhibited tumor growth and invasion, in possible conjunction with downregulation of cancer stem cell markers (c-KIT, NANOG, OCT4). Clinically, high ZNF671 methylation in UC tumor tissues (n=96; 63 bladder, 33 upper urinary tract) associated with tumor grade and poor locoregional disease-free survival. Quantitative MSP analysis in a training (n=97) and test (n=61) sets of voided urine samples from bladder UC patients revealed a sensitivity and specificity of 42%-48% and 89%-92.8%, respectively, for UC cancer detection. Moreover, combining DNA methylation of ZNF671 and 2 other genes (IRF8 and sFRP1) further increased the sensitivity to 96.2%, suggesting a possible three-gene UC biomarker. In summary, ZNF671, an epigenetically silenced novel tumor suppressor, represents a potential predictor for UC relapse and non-invasive biomarker that could assist in UC clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ming Yeh
- Department of Life Science, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.,Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Che Chen
- Department of Urology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Yen Hsieh
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Yeong-Chin Jou
- Department of Urology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Te Lin
- Department of Urology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsuan Tsai
- Department of Life Science, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yu Huang
- Department of Life Science, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.,Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Wang
- Department of Life Science, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.,Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Inn Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.,Departments of Radiation Oncology, Buddhist Dalin Tzu Chi General Hospital, Chia Yi, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Shan Chen
- Department of Life Science, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.,Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Liang Tung
- Department of Pathology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fen Wu
- Department of Life Science, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.,Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - D Ching Chang
- Department of Life Science, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.,Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Huang Shen
- Department of Urology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Da Hsu
- Department of Medical Research, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Michael W Y Chan
- Department of Life Science, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.,Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
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21
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Yoon TM, Kim SA, Cho WS, Lee DH, Lee JK, Park YL, Lee KH, Lee JH, Kweon SS, Chung IJ, Lim SC, Joo YE. SOX4 expression is associated with treatment failure and chemoradioresistance in oral squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:888. [PMID: 26555193 PMCID: PMC4641419 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1875-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In humans, sex-determining region-Y (SRY) related high-mobility-group box 4 (SOX4) is linked to development and tumorigenesis. SOX4 is over-expressed in several cancers and has prognostic significance. This study evaluated whether SOX4 affects oncogenic behavior and chemoradiotherapy response in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells, and documented the relationship between its expression and prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods We used small interfering RNA in HNSCC cells to evaluate the effect of SOX4 on cell proliferation, apoptosis, chemoradiation-induced apoptosis, invasion, and migration. SOX4 expression in OSCC tissues was investigated by immunohistochemistry. Results SOX4 knockdown (KO) decreased cell proliferation and induced apoptosis by activating caspases-3 and −7, and poly-ADP ribose polymerase and suppressing X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein in HNSCC cells; it also enhanced radiation/cisplatin-induced apoptosis; and suppressed tumor cell invasion and migration. Immunostaining showed SOX4 protein was significantly increased in OSCC tissues compared with adjacent normal mucosa. SOX4 expression was observed in 51.8 % of 85 OSCC tissues, and was significantly correlated with treatment failure (P = 0.032) and shorter overall survival (P = 0.036) in patients with OSCC. Conclusions SOX4 may contribute to oncogenic phenotypes of HNSCC cells by promoting cell survival and causing chemoradioresistance. It could be a potential prognostic marker for OSCC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1875-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Mi Yoon
- Departments of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, 8 Hak-Dong, Dong-Ku, Gwangju, 501-757, South Korea.
| | - Sun-Ae Kim
- Departments of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, 8 Hak-Dong, Dong-Ku, Gwangju, 501-757, South Korea.
| | - Wan Seok Cho
- Departments of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, 8 Hak-Dong, Dong-Ku, Gwangju, 501-757, South Korea.
| | - Dong Hoon Lee
- Departments of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, 8 Hak-Dong, Dong-Ku, Gwangju, 501-757, South Korea.
| | - Joon Kyoo Lee
- Departments of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, 8 Hak-Dong, Dong-Ku, Gwangju, 501-757, South Korea.
| | - Young-Lan Park
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, 8 Hak-Dong, Dong-Ku, Gwangju, 501-757, South Korea.
| | - Kyung-Hwa Lee
- Departments of Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, 8 Hak-Dong, Dong-Ku, Gwangju, 501-757, South Korea.
| | - Jae Hyuk Lee
- Departments of Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, 8 Hak-Dong, Dong-Ku, Gwangju, 501-757, South Korea.
| | - Sun-Seog Kweon
- Departments of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, 8 Hak-Dong, Dong-Ku, Gwangju, 501-757, South Korea.
| | - Ik-Joo Chung
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, 8 Hak-Dong, Dong-Ku, Gwangju, 501-757, South Korea.
| | - Sang Chul Lim
- Departments of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, 8 Hak-Dong, Dong-Ku, Gwangju, 501-757, South Korea.
| | - Young-Eun Joo
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, 8 Hak-Dong, Dong-Ku, Gwangju, 501-757, South Korea.
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22
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Hsieh HY, Shen CH, Lin RI, Feng YM, Huang SY, Wang YH, Wu SF, Hsu CD, Chan MWY. Cyproheptadine exhibits antitumor activity in urothelial carcinoma cells by targeting GSK3β to suppress mTOR and β-catenin signaling pathways. Cancer Lett 2015; 370:56-65. [PMID: 26454215 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cyproheptadine, a serotonin antagonist, has recently been reported to function as a novel therapeutic agent by inhibiting PI3K/AKT signaling in several human cancers. However, the therapeutic effect of cyproheptadine in urothelial carcinoma (UC) has never been explored. In this study, we determined the effect of cyproheptadine on the growth of five human UC cell lines and an in vivo xenograft model. The results showed that cyproheptadine exerted an inhibitory effect on the proliferation of UC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Cyproheptadine also induced cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase, subsequently followed by apoptosis and necrosis. The underlying mechanisms of cell cycle arrest were associated with the reduction of c-Myc, induction of p21 and p27, and the stabilization of Rb expression. In addition, the suppression of the GSK3β/TSC2/mTOR pathway and deregulation of the GSK3β/β-catenin signaling were observed in cyproheptadine-treated UC cells. Furthermore, cyproheptadine-induced apoptosis was associated with ANGPTL4 expression followed by activation of caspase3 and PARP in UC cells. Our experimental results provide evidence that cyproheptadine is a suitable therapeutic agent for the treatment of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Yen Hsieh
- Department of Medical Research, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi, Taiwan; Department of Life Science, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Huang Shen
- Department of Medical Research, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, 539 Jhongsiao Road, Chiayi 600, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Inn Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Buddhist Dalin Tzu Chi General Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Min Feng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Chung-Jen Junior College of Nursing, Health Sciences and Management, Da-Lin, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yuan Huang
- Graduate Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi, Taiwan; Department of Life Science, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Hung Wang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of General Surgery, Department of Urology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fen Wu
- Graduate Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi, Taiwan; Department of Life Science, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Da Hsu
- Department of Medical Research, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, 539 Jhongsiao Road, Chiayi 600, Taiwan.
| | - Michael W Y Chan
- Graduate Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi, Taiwan; Department of Life Science, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi, Taiwan.
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23
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Zhang H, Luo H, Hu Z, Peng J, Jiang Z, Song T, Wu B, Yue J, Zhou R, Xie R, Chen T, Wu S. Targeting WISP1 to sensitize esophageal squamous cell carcinoma to irradiation. Oncotarget 2015; 6:6218-34. [PMID: 25749038 PMCID: PMC4467433 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a primary treatment modality for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, most of patients benefited little from radiotherapy due to refractory radioresistance. We found that WISP1, a downstream target gene of Wnt/β-catenin pathway, was re-expressed in 67.3% of ESCC patients as an oncofetal gene. Expression of WISP1 predicted prognosis of ESCC patients treated with radiotherapy. Overall survival in WISP1-positive patients was significantly poorer than in WISP1-negative patients. Serum concentration of WISP1 after radiotherapy reversely correlated with relapse-free survival. Gain and loss of function studies confirmed that WISP1 mediated radioresistance both in esophageal squamous cancer cells and in xenograft tumor models. Further studies revealed that WISP1 contributed to radioresistance primarily by repressing irradiation-induced DNA damage and activating PI3K kinase. LncRNA BOKAS was up-regulated following radiation and promoted WISP1 expression and resultant radioresistance. Furthermore, WISP1 facilitated its own expression in response to radiation, creating a positive feedback loop and increased radioresistance. Our study revealed WISP1 as a potential target to overcome radioresistance in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfang Zhang
- Hangzhou Cancer Institution, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Honglei Luo
- Department of Radiotherapy, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Huai'an, China
| | - Zhaoyang Hu
- Hangzhou Cancer Institution, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jin Peng
- Department of Radiotherapy, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Huai'an, China
| | - Zhenzhen Jiang
- Hangzhou Cancer Institution, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Song
- Hangzhou Cancer Institution, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Hangzhou Cancer Institution, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Yue
- Hangzhou Cancer Institution, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rongjing Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruifei Xie
- Hangzhou Cancer Institution, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Bio-Informatics, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tian Chen
- Hangzhou Cancer Institution, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shixiu Wu
- Hangzhou Cancer Institution, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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