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Meng D, Dong H, Wang C, Zang R, Wang J. Role of interleukin‑32 in cancer progression (Review). Oncol Lett 2024; 27:54. [PMID: 38192653 PMCID: PMC10773214 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.14187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-32 is induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines and promotes the release of inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, it can promote inflammatory responses. The present review article summarized the role of the receptors required for IL-32 action, the biological function of IL-32 and its mechanism of action in tumors. Moreover, it assessed the significance of aberrant IL-32 expression in associated diseases and analyzed the effects of IL-32 on four key types of cancer: Colorectal, gastric, breast and lung. However, the mechanism of action of IL-32 needs to be further demonstrated by assessing the role of this cytokine in cancer to elucidate novel and reliable targets for future cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Meng
- School of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P.R. China
| | - Hang Dong
- Department of Hematology, Shenzhen Yantian District People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518081, P.R. China
| | - Chennan Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P.R. China
| | - Rongjia Zang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154002, P.R. China
| | - Jianjie Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P.R. China
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2
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Yu WF, Wang XQ, Zhao LP, Zhou JY, Feng JH. Down-regulation of IL-32γ expression reduces killing effect of natural killer cells on esophageal carcinoma cells. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2022; 30:990-996. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v30.i22.990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin (IL)-32γ is highly expressed in activated natural killer (NK) cells in esophageal cancer. However, it is not clear whether the expression level of IL-32γ in NK cells affects their killing effect on esophageal cancer cells.
AIM To investigate the role of IL-32γ in the anti-tumor effect of NK cells in esophageal cancer.
METHODS After transfecting NK-92 cells with shRNA targeting IL-32γ (shIL-32γ), the NK-92 cells were co-cultured with esophageal cancer cells EC9706 and TE-1, respectively. EC9706 and TE-1 cells were then collected; cell viability was measured by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, cell proliferation was detected by 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EDU) assay, cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry, and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X (Bax), cleaved cysteine-containing aspartate-specific proteases 3 (caspase 3), tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 (FAS), death receptor 3 (DR3), and tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2) was detected by Western blot.
RESULTS After IL-32γ deletion in NK-92 cells, the cell viability and the EDU positive cells in EC9706 and TE-1 cells in the co-culture system were increased (P < 0.01), the expression level of Bcl-2 was increased (P < 0.01), and the expression levels of Bax, cleaved-caspase 3, FAS, DR3, and TNFR2 were all decreased (P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION Knockdown of IL-32γ attenuates the anti-tumor effect of NK-92 cells, which may be related to the inhibition of death receptor expression and caspase-3 activation in esophageal cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Fei Yu
- Graduate School, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang Province, China,Department of Tumor Chemoradiotherapy, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui 323000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Wang
- Graduate School, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Li-Ping Zhao
- Graduate School, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jue-Yi Zhou
- Graduate School, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ji-Hong Feng
- Graduate School, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
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3
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Shim S, Lee S, Hisham Y, Kim S, Nguyen TT, Taitt AS, Hwang J, Jhun H, Park HY, Lee Y, Yeom SC, Kim SY, Kim YG, Kim S. A Paradoxical Effect of Interleukin-32 Isoforms on Cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:837590. [PMID: 35281008 PMCID: PMC8913503 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.837590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-32 plays a contradictory role such as tumor proliferation or suppressor in cancer development depending on the cancer type. In most cancers, it was found that the high expression of IL-32 was associated with more proliferative and progression of cancer. However, studying the isoforms of IL-32 cytokine has placed its paradoxical role into a wide range of functions based on its dominant isoform and surrounding environment. IL-32β, for example, was found mostly in different types of cancer and associated with cancer expansion. This observation is legitimate since cancer exhibits some hypoxic environment and IL-32β was known to be induced under hypoxic conditions. However, IL-32θ interacts directly with protein kinase C-δ reducing NF-κB and STAT3 levels to inhibit epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). This effect could explain the different functions of IL-32 isoforms in cancer. However, pro- or antitumor activity which is dependant on obesity, gender, and age as it relates to IL-32 has yet to be studied. Obesity-related IL-32 regulation indicated the role of IL-32 in cancer metabolism and inflammation. IL-32-specific direction in cancer therapy is difficult to conclude. In this review, we address that the paradoxical effect of IL-32 on cancer is attributed to the dominant isoform, cancer type, tumor microenvironment, and genetic background. IL-32 seems to have a contradictory role in cancer. However, investigating multiple IL-32 isoforms could explain this doubt and bring us closer to using them in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saerok Shim
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Siyoung Lee
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea.,YbdYbiotech Research Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yasmin Hisham
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sinae Kim
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea.,YbdYbiotech Research Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tam T Nguyen
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea.,YbdYbiotech Research Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Afeisha S Taitt
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jihyeong Hwang
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyunjhung Jhun
- Technical Assistance Center, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Ho-Young Park
- Research Group of Functional Food Materials, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Youngmin Lee
- Department of Medicine, Pusan Paik Hospital, Collage of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Su Cheong Yeom
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, South Korea
| | - Sang-Yeob Kim
- Convergence Medicine Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong-Gil Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soohyun Kim
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
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4
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Prognostic Value of Interleukin-32 Expression and Its Correlation with the Infiltration of Natural Killer Cells in Cutaneous Melanoma. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10204691. [PMID: 34682815 PMCID: PMC8538574 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10204691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-32 (IL-32) is well known as a proinflammatory cytokine that is expressed in various immune cells and cancers. However, the clinical relevance of IL-32 expression in cutaneous melanoma has not been comprehensively studied. Here, we identified the prognostic value of IL32 expression using various systematic multiomic analyses. The IL32 expressions were significantly higher in cutaneous melanoma than in normal tissue, and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed a correlation between IL32 expression and good prognosis in cutaneous melanoma patients. In addition, we analyzed the correlation between IL32 expression and the infiltration of natural killer (NK) cells to identify a relevant mechanism between IL32 expression and prognosis in cutaneous melanoma (p = 0.00031). In the relationship between IL32 expression and the infiltration of NK cells, a negative correlation was found in resting NK cells (rho = -0.38, p = 3.95 × 10-17) whereas a strong positive correlation was observed only in active NK cells (rho = 0.374, p = 1.23 × 10-16). Moreover, IL32 expression was markedly positively correlated with the cytolytic molecules, such as granzyme and perforin. These data suggest that IL32 expression may increase patient survival through the infiltration and activation of NK cells, representative anticancer effector cells, in cutaneous melanoma. Collectively, this study provides the prognostic value of IL32 expression and its potential role as an effective predictive biomarker for NK cell infiltration in cutaneous melanoma.
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Ma Z, Dong Z, Yu D, Mu M, Feng W, Guo J, Cheng B, Guo J, Ma J. IL-32 Promotes the Radiosensitivity of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell through STAT3 Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6653747. [PMID: 33681363 PMCID: PMC7904356 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6653747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study is set out to determine the relationship between IL-32 and radiosensitivity of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). METHODS Western blot was adopted for measuring IL-32 expression in Eca-109 and TE-10 cells. Eca-109 and TE-10 cells with interference or overexpression of IL-32 were treated with the presence or absence of X-ray irradiation. Then, the use of CCK8 assay was to detect proliferation ability, and effects of IL-32 expression on radiosensitivity of ESCC were tested by colony formation assay. The cell apoptosis was detected using flow cytometry. STAT3 and p-STAT expression, and apoptotic protein Bax were detected by western blot. RESULTS Colony formation assay and CCK8 assay showed that compared with the NC group without treatment, the growth of the ESCC cells, that is Eca-109 and TE-10, was significantly inhibited in the OE+IR group with highly expressed IL-32 and irradiation. In flow cytometry analysis, in Eca-109 and TE-10 cells, highly expressed IL-32 combined with irradiation significantly increased apoptosis compared with the control group. Highly expressed IL-32 has a synergistic effect with irradiation, inhibiting STAT3 and p-STAT3 expression and increasing apoptotic protein Bax expression. CONCLUSION IL-32 can improve the radiosensitivity of ESCC cells by inhibiting the STAT3 pathway. Therefore, IL-32 can be used as a new therapeutic target to provide a new attempt for radiotherapy of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Ma
- First Department of Radiotherapy, Wanbei Coal-Electricity Group General Hospital, Suzhou, 234000 Anhui, China
| | - Zhen Dong
- Department of Radiotherapy, BenQ Medical Center Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000 Jiangsu, China
| | - Dingyue Yu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Bengbu Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Bengbu Medical Collage, Bengbu, 233000 Anhui, China
| | - Mingchen Mu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Lianyungang Municipal Oriental Hospital Affiliated to Bengbu Medical Collage, Lianyungang, 222042 Jiangsu, China
| | - Wanwen Feng
- Translational Medicine Center, Lianyungang Municipal Oriental Hospital Affiliated to Bengbu Medical Collage, Lianyungang, 222042 Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiayi Guo
- Department of Radiotherapy, Lianyungang Municipal Oriental Hospital Affiliated to Bengbu Medical Collage, Lianyungang, 222042 Jiangsu, China
| | - Beibei Cheng
- Department of Radiotherapy, Lianyungang Municipal Oriental Hospital Affiliated to Bengbu Medical Collage, Lianyungang, 222042 Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiayou Guo
- Department of Radiotherapy, Lianyungang Municipal Oriental Hospital Affiliated to Bengbu Medical Collage, Lianyungang, 222042 Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianxin Ma
- Department of Radiotherapy, Lianyungang Municipal Oriental Hospital Affiliated to Bengbu Medical Collage, Lianyungang, 222042 Jiangsu, China
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6
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Diakowska D, Krzystek-Korpacka M. Local and Systemic Interleukin-32 in Esophageal, Gastric, and Colorectal Cancers: Clinical and Diagnostic Significance. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E785. [PMID: 33020452 PMCID: PMC7600995 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10100785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known on clinical and diagnostic relevance of interleukin-32 in gastrointestinal tract (GIT) cancers. We determined its mRNA (n = 52) and protein (n = 63) expression in paired (tumor-normal) samples from esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and gastric (GC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, with reference to cancer-associated genes, and quantified circulating interleukin-32 in 70 cancer patients and 28 controls. IL32 expression was significantly upregulated solely in ESCC, reflecting T stage in non-transformed tumor-adjacent tissue. Fold-change in IL32 and IL-32 was higher in left-sided CRC, owing to high interleukin expression in non-transformed right-sided colonic mucosa. IL32 was independently and positively associated with Ki67, HIF1A, and ACTA2 and negatively with TJP1 in tumors and with IL10Ra and BCLxL in non-transformed tumor-adjacent tissue. IL-32 protein was significantly upregulated in colorectal tumors. In ESCC, advanced stage and lymph node metastasis were associated with significant IL-32 upregulation. Circulating interleukin was significantly elevated in cancer patients, more so in ESCC and GC than CRC. As biomarker, IL-32 detected gastroesophageal cancers with 99.5% accuracy. In conclusion, IL-32 is upregulated in GIT cancers at local and systemic level, reflecting hypoxia and proliferative and invasive/metastatic capacity in tumors and immunosuppressive and antiapoptotic potential in non-transformed mucosa, while being an accurate biomarker of gastroesophageal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Diakowska
- Department of Gastrointestinal and General Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Department of Nervous System Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, 51-618 Wroclaw, Poland
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Gruber T, Kremenovic M, Sadozai H, Rombini N, Baeriswyl L, Maibach F, Modlin RL, Gilliet M, von Werdt D, Hunger RE, Seyed Jafari SM, Parisi G, Abril-Rodriguez G, Ribas A, Schenk M. IL-32γ potentiates tumor immunity in melanoma. JCI Insight 2020; 5:138772. [PMID: 32841222 PMCID: PMC7526542 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.138772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid cells orchestrate the antitumor immune response and influence the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies. We and others have previously shown that IL-32 mediates DC differentiation and macrophage activation. Here, we demonstrate that IL-32 expression in human melanoma positively correlates with overall survival, response to ICB, and an immune-inflamed tumor microenvironment (TME) enriched in mature DC, M1 macrophages, and CD8+ T cells. Treatment of B16F10 murine melanomas with IL-32 increased the frequencies of activated, tumor-specific CD8+ T cells, leading to the induction of systemic tumor immunity. Our mechanistic in vivo studies revealed a potentially novel role of IL-32 in activating intratumoral DC and macrophages to act in concert to prime CD8+ T cells and recruit them into the TME through CCL5. Thereby, IL-32 treatment reduced tumor growth and rendered ICB-resistant B16F10 tumors responsive to anti-PD-1 therapy without toxicity. Furthermore, increased baseline IL-32 gene expression was associated with response to nivolumab and pembrolizumab in 2 independent cohorts of patients with melanoma, implying that IL-32 is a predictive biomarker for anti-PD-1 therapy. Collectively, this study suggests IL-32 as a potent adjuvant in immunotherapy to enhance the efficacy of ICB in patients with non-T cell-inflamed TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gruber
- Institute of Pathology, Experimental Pathology, and.,Graduate School Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mirela Kremenovic
- Institute of Pathology, Experimental Pathology, and.,Graduate School Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hassan Sadozai
- Institute of Pathology, Experimental Pathology, and.,Graduate School Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Robert L Modlin
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michel Gilliet
- Department of Dermatology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Diego von Werdt
- Institute of Pathology, Experimental Pathology, and.,Graduate School Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Robert E Hunger
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, University Hospital of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - S Morteza Seyed Jafari
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, University Hospital of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Parisi
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, and UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Gabriel Abril-Rodriguez
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, and UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Antoni Ribas
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, and UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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8
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Abstract
Interleukin-32 (IL-32) was originally identified in natural killer (NK) cells activated by IL-2 in 1992. Thus, it was named NK cell transcript 4 (NK4) because of its unknown function at that time. The function of IL-32 has been elucidated over the last decade. IL-32 is primarily considered to be a booster of inflammatory reactions because it is induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines and stimulates the production of those cytokines and vice versa. Therefore, many studies have been devoted to studying the roles of IL-32 in inflammation-associated cancers, including gastric, colon cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma. At the same time, roles of IL-32 have also been discovered in other cancers. Collectively, IL-32 fosters the tumor progression by nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-mediated cytokines and metalloproteinase production, as well as stimulation of differentiation into immunosuppressive cell types in some cancer types. However, it is also able to induce tumor cell apoptosis and enhance NK and cytotoxic T cell sensitivity in other cancer types. In this review, we will address the function of each IL-32 isoform in different cancer types studied to date, and suggest further strategies to comprehensively elucidate the roles of IL-32 in a context-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sora Han
- Research Institute for Women's Health, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Young Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
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9
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Paz H, Tsoi J, Kalbasi A, Grasso CS, McBride WH, Schaue D, Butterfield LH, Maurer DM, Ribas A, Graeber TG, Economou JS. Interleukin 32 expression in human melanoma. J Transl Med 2019; 17:113. [PMID: 30953519 PMCID: PMC6449995 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-1862-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Various proinflammatory cytokines can be detected within the melanoma tumor microenvironment. Interleukin 32 (IL32) is produced by T cells, NK cells and monocytes/macrophages, but also by a subset of melanoma cells. We sought to better understand the biology of IL32 in human melanoma. Methods We analyzed RNA sequencing data from 53 in-house established human melanoma cell lines and 479 melanoma tumors from The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset. We evaluated global gene expression patterns associated with IL32 expression. We also evaluated the impact of proinflammatory molecules TNFα and IFNγ on IL32 expression and dedifferentiation in melanoma cell lines in vitro. In order to study the transcriptional regulation of IL32 in these cell lines, we cloned up to 10.5 kb of the 5′ upstream region of the human IL32 gene into a luciferase reporter vector. Results A significant proportion of established human melanoma cell lines express IL32, with its expression being highly correlated with a dedifferentiation genetic signature (high AXL/low MITF). Non IL32-expressing differentiated melanoma cell lines exposed to TNFα or IFNγ can be induced to express the three predominant isoforms (α, β, γ) of IL32. Cis-acting elements within this 5′ upstream region of the human IL32 gene appear to govern both induced and constitutive gene expression. In the tumor microenvironment, IL32 expression is highly correlated with genes related to T cell infiltration, and also positively correlates with high AXL/low MITF dedifferentiated gene signature. Conclusions Expression of IL32 in human melanoma can be induced by TNFα or IFNγ and correlates with a treatment-resistant dedifferentiated genetic signature. Constitutive and induced expression are regulated, in part, by cis-acting sequences within the 5′ upstream region. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-019-1862-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helicia Paz
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jennifer Tsoi
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Anusha Kalbasi
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Catherine S Grasso
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - William H McBride
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Dörthe Schaue
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Lisa H Butterfield
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.,Department of Clinical and Translational Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Deena M Maurer
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Antoni Ribas
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Thomas G Graeber
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - James S Economou
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. .,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. .,Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. .,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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10
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Díaz-García D, Cenariu D, Pérez Y, Cruz P, Del Hierro I, Prashar S, Fischer-Fodor E, Gómez-Ruiz S. Modulation of the mechanism of apoptosis in cancer cell lines by treatment with silica-based nanostructured materials functionalized with different metallodrugs. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:12284-12299. [PMID: 30112529 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt01677a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The mesoporous silica-based material SBA-15 (Santa Barbara Amorphous-15) has been modified with the aminodiol ligand 3-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]propyltriethoxysilane (PADOH) to give the corresponding material SBA-PADOH. Subsequent functionalization with a diorganotin(iv) compound, SnPh2Cl2 (1), and with two titanocene derivatives, TiCp2Cl2 ([Ti(η5-C5H5)2Cl2] (2)) and TiCpCpPhNfCl2 ([Ti(η5-C5H5)(η5-C5H4CHPhNf)Cl2] (3) (Ph = C6H5; Nf = C10H7)), gave the materials SBA-PADO-SnPh2 (M1), SBA-PADO-TiCp2 (M2) and SBA-PADO-TiCpCp* (M3), respectively. SBA-PADOH and M1-M3 have been characterized by various techniques such as FT-IR, XRD, XRF, solid-state NMR, nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, electrochemical methods, SEM and TEM, observing that the functionalization has mainly taken place inside the pores of the corresponding porous system. In addition, mechanistic aspects of the apoptosis triggered by the synthesized materials have been studied in vitro in tumour cell lines derived from three distinct types of cancer in order to elucidate their growth inhibition and interference with the expression of tumour necrosis factor alfa (TNF-α) and the first apoptosis signal receptor (Fas or tumour necrosis factor receptor 6). It was observed that the antiproliferative and proapoptotic capacity of the materials depends on their functionalization with the different cytotoxic prodrugs (organotin or titanocene derivatives). The study shows that M1-M3 influence the metabolic activity of the tumour cells and modulate the apoptotic pathways by different mechanisms, according to the active compound inside the material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Díaz-García
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, E-28933, Móstoles (Madrid), Spain.
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11
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Lee YS, Lee CH, Bae JT, Nam KT, Moon DB, Hwang OK, Choi JS, Kim TH, Jun HO, Jung YS, Hwang DY, Han SB, Yoon DY, Hong JT. Inhibition of skin carcinogenesis by suppression of NF-κB dependent ITGAV and TIMP-1 expression in IL-32γ overexpressed condition. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2018; 37:293. [PMID: 30486830 PMCID: PMC6263970 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0943-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-32 (IL-32) has been associated with various diseases. Previous studies have shown that IL-32 inhibited the development of several tumors. However, the role of IL-32γ, an isotype of IL-32, in skin carcinogenesis remains unknown. METHODS We compared 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene/12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (DMBA/TPA)-induced skin carcinogenesis in wild type (WT) and IL-32γ-overexpressing mice to evaluate the role of IL-32γ. We also analyzed cancer stemness and NF-κB signaling in skin cancer cell lines with or without IL-32γ expression by western blotting, quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry analysis. RESULTS Carcinogen-induced tumor incidence in IL-32γ mice was significantly reduced in comparison to that in WT mice. Infiltration of inflammatory cells and the expression levels of pro-inflammatory mediators were decreased in the skin tumor tissues of IL-32γ mice compared with WT mice. Using a genome-wide association study analysis, we found that IL-32 was associated with integrin αV (ITGAV) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), which are critical factor for skin carcinogenesis. Reduced expression of ITGAV and TIMP-1 were identified in DMBA/TPA-induced skin tissues of IL-32γ mice compared to that in WT mice. NF-κB activity was also reduced in DMBA/TPA-induced skin tissues of IL-32γ mice. IL-32γ decreased cancer cell sphere formation and expression of stem cell markers, and increased chemotherapy-induced cancer cell death. IL-32γ also downregulated expression of ITGAV and TIMP-1, accompanied with the inhibition of NF-κB activity. In addition, IL-32γ expression with NF-κB inhibitor treatment further reduced skin inflammation, epidermal hyperplasia, and cancer cell sphere formation and downregulated expression levels of ITGAV and TIMP-1. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicated that IL-32γ suppressed skin carcinogenesis through the inhibition of both stemness and the inflammatory tumor microenvironment by the downregulation of TIMP-1 and ITGAV via inactivation of NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Sun Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160 Republic of Korea
| | - Chung Hee Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160 Republic of Korea
- Hanbul Co, Ltd. R&D center, 634 Eon Ju-Ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Tae Bae
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Tak Nam
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160 Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Bong Moon
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160 Republic of Korea
| | - Ok Kyung Hwang
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Soon Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160 Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hoon Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Ok Jun
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160 Republic of Korea
| | - Young Suk Jung
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160 Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Yeon Hwang
- Department of Biomaterial Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, Kyungnam 50463 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160 Republic of Korea
| | - Do Young Yoon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160 Republic of Korea
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12
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Yan H, He D, Huang X, Zhang E, Chen Q, Xu R, Liu X, Zi F, Cai Z. Role of interleukin-32 in cancer biology. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:41-47. [PMID: 29930712 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-32 (IL-32), a novel proinflammatory cytokine, is highly expressed in various cancer tissues and in established cancer cell lines. IL-32 has been revealed to serve a crucial role in human cancer development, including tumour initiation, proliferation and maintenance. The expression of IL-32 is regulated by numerous factors, including genetic variations, hypoxia and acidosis in the tumour microenvironment. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of IL-32 expression and its function are critical for the discovery of novel therapeutic strategies that target IL-32. This is a review of the current literature on the regulation and function of IL-32 in cancer progression, focusing on the molecular pathways linking IL-32 and tumour development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haimeng Yan
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Donghua He
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Xi Huang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Enfan Zhang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Qingxiao Chen
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Ruyi Xu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Xinling Liu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Fuming Zi
- Department of Haematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330001, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Cai
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
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Abstract
Interleukin 32 (IL-32) is a proinflammatory cytokine involved in the development of several diseases, including cancer. IL-32 is a rather peculiar cytokine because its protein structure does not show resemblance with any of the known cytokines, and an IL-32 receptor to facilitate extracellular signaling has not yet been identified. Thus far, 9 isoforms of IL-32 have been described, all of which show differences in terms of effects and in potency to elicit a specific effect. Since the first report of IL-32 in 2005, there is increasing evidence that IL-32 plays an important role in the pathophysiology of both hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. Some IL-32 isoforms have been linked to disease outcome and were shown to positively influence tumor development and progression in various different malignancies, including gastric, breast and lung cancers. However, there are other reports suggesting a tumor suppressive role for some of IL-32 as well. For example, IL-32γ and IL-32β expression is associated with increased cancer cell death in colon cancer and melanoma, whereas expression of these isoforms is associated with increased invasion and migration in breast cancer cells. Furthermore, IL-32 isoforms α, β and γ also play an important role in regulating the anti-tumor immune response, thus also influencing tumor progression. In this review, we provide an overview of the role of IL-32 and its different isoforms in carcinogenesis, invasion and metastasis, angiogenesis and regulation of the anti-tumor immune response.
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Inflammatory-Related P62 Triggers Malignant Transformation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells through the Cascade of CUDR-CTCF-IGFII-RAS Signaling. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2018; 11:367-381. [PMID: 29858072 PMCID: PMC5992448 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory and autophagy-related gene P62 is highly expressed in most human tumor tissues. Herein, we demonstrate that P62 promotes human mesenchymal stem cells' malignant transformation via the cascade of P62-tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-CUDR-CTCF-insulin growth factor II (IGFII)-H-Ras signaling. Mechanistically, we reveal P62 enhances IGFII transcriptional activity through forming IGFII promoter-enhancer chromatin loop and increasing METTL3 occupancy on IGFII 3' UTR and enhances H-Ras overexpression by harboring inflammation-related factors, e.g., TNFR1, CLYD, EGR1, NFκB, TLR4, and PPARγ. Furthermore, the P62 cooperates with TNF-α to promote malignant transformation of mesenchymal stem cells. These findings, for the first time, provide insight into the positive role that P62 plays in malignant transformation of mesenchymal stem cells and reveal a novel link between P62 and the inflammation factors in mesenchymal stem cells.
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15
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Wang L, Yang D, Tian J, Gao A, Shen Y, Ren X, Li X, Jiang G, Dong T. Tumor necrosis factor receptor 2/AKT and ERK signaling pathways contribute to the switch from fibroblasts to CAFs by progranulin in microenvironment of colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:26323-26333. [PMID: 28412748 PMCID: PMC5432260 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a crucial cellular component in tumor microenvironment and could promote tumor progression. CAFs are usually derived from resident fibroblasts, which undergoing an activated process stimulated by tumor cells. However, the agents and mechanism driving this switch have not yet been elucidated. Progranulin (PGRN), a well acknowledged secreted glycoprotein, could promote proliferation and angiogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells, and high expression of PGRN correlated with patient poor prognosis. Whether PGRN has effects on the function of stromal fibroblasts is unknown. Herein we found that there was a positive correlation between PGRN expression of CRC cells and expressions of smooth muscle actin α (α-SMA) on CAFs in CRC patient tissues. PGRN/α-SMA co-expression was positively correlated with CRC patient poor prognosis. Co-cultured with CRC cells or human recombinant PGRN (rPGRN), the expression of Ki67, fibroblast activation protein (FAP) and α-SMA in fibroblasts were all up-regulated significantly, accompanying with elevated cellular proliferation, migration and contraction. Whilst co-cultured with PGRN-silenced CRC cells, these functions were down-regulated. Studies of the underlying molecular mechanism demonstrated that either tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2)/Akt or the extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway contributed to modulate of Ki67, FAP, and α-SMA expression, and correlated to abilities of proliferation, migration and contraction in fibroblasts. In conclusion, PGRN plays an important role in activation of CRC fibroblasts, which may be taken as a prospective target of CRC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P. R. China.,Department of Oncology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R.China
| | - Dong Yang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated hospital of Jining Medical College, Jining, Shandong 272129, P. R. China
| | - Jing Tian
- Department of Oncology, People's Hospital of Zhangqiu City, Zhangqiu, Shandong 250200, P. R. China
| | - Aiqin Gao
- Department of Oncology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R.China
| | - Yihang Shen
- Programs of Cancer Biology, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Xia Ren
- Key Medical Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Immunology, Key Laboratory for Rare and Uncommon Diseases of Shandong, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P. R. China
| | - Xia Li
- Key Medical Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Immunology, Key Laboratory for Rare and Uncommon Diseases of Shandong, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P. R. China
| | - Guosheng Jiang
- Key Medical Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Immunology, Key Laboratory for Rare and Uncommon Diseases of Shandong, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P. R. China
| | - Taotao Dong
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P. R. China
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Anticancer Applications of Nanostructured Silica-Based Materials Functionalized with Titanocene Derivatives: Induction of Cell Death Mechanism through TNFR1 Modulation. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11020224. [PMID: 29385103 PMCID: PMC5848921 DOI: 10.3390/ma11020224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A series of cytotoxic titanocene derivatives have been immobilized onto nanostructured silica-based materials using two different synthetic routes, namely, (i) a simple grafting protocol via protonolysis of the Ti–Cl bond; and (ii) a tethering method by elimination of ethanol using triethoxysilyl moieties of thiolato ligands attached to titanium. The resulting nanostructured systems have been characterized by different techniques such as XRD, XRF, DR-UV, BET, SEM, and TEM, observing the incorporation of the titanocene derivatives onto the nanostructured silica and slight changes in the textural features of the materials after functionalization with the metallodrugs. A complete biological study has been carried out using the synthesized materials exhibiting moderate cytotoxicity in vitro against three human hepatic carcinoma (HepG2, SK-Hep-1, Hep3B) and three human colon carcinomas (DLD-1, HT-29, COLO320) and very low cytotoxicity against normal cell lines. In addition, the cells’ metabolic activity was modified by a 24-h exposure in a dose-dependent manner. Despite not having a significant effect on TNFα or the proinflammatory interleukin 1α secretion, the materials strongly modulated tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling, even at sub-cytotoxic concentrations. This is achieved mainly by upregulation of the TNFR1 receptor production, something which has not previously been observed for these systems.
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Khawar MB, Mukhtar M, Abbasi MH, Sheikh N. IL-32θ: a recently identified anti-inflammatory variant of IL-32 and its preventive role in various disorders and tumor suppressor activity. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:4726-4737. [PMID: 29218075 PMCID: PMC5714761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-32 theta (IL-32θ) is newly identified isoform of IL-32 which plays a vital role in inflammatory responses. Like IL-32α and IL-32β, IL-32θ isoform acts as an intracellular inflammatory modulator. It results in reduction of IL-1β production by attenuating the expression of PU.1 and inhibition of monocytes differentiation into macrophages. IL-32θ hinders TNF-α expression by inhibiting p38 MAPK and inhibitor of κB (IκB) as well. It also reserved STAT3-ZEB1 pathway leading to the inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stemness. Hence, it can be concluded that IL-32θ is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that can act as a tumor suppressor and can play vital role in colon cancer therapies. IL-32θ also plays a crucial role in immune system responses and cellular differentiation during disease pathogenesis. To our best knowledge this is the first ever review to condense the importance, precise mode of action in disease progression and latent remedial implications of IL-32θ in several inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maryam Mukhtar
- Department of Zoology, University of The Punjab, Q-A CampusLahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | | | - Nadeem Sheikh
- Department of Zoology, University of The Punjab, Q-A CampusLahore, 54590, Pakistan
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology (CAMB), University of The Punjab87-West Canal Bank Road, Thokar Niaz Baig Lahore, Pakistan
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18
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Yong HJ, Park JS, Lee Jeong A, Han S, Lee S, Ka HI, Sumiyasuren B, Joo HJ, So SJ, Park JY, Yoon DY, Lim JS, Lee MS, Lee HG, Yang Y. Von Hippel-Lindau regulates interleukin-32β stability in ovarian cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:69833-69846. [PMID: 29050245 PMCID: PMC5642520 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-induced interleukin-32β (IL-32β) shifts the metabolic program to the enhanced glycolytic pathway. In the present study, the underlying mechanism by which hypoxia-induced IL-32β stability is regulated was investigated in ovarian cancer cells. IL-32β expression increased under hypoxic conditions in ovarian cancer cells as it did in breast cancer cells. The amount of IL-32β was regulated by post-translational control rather than by transcriptional activation. Under normoxic conditions, IL-32β was continuously eliminated through ubiquitin-dependent degradation by the von-Hippel Lindau (VHL) E3 ligase complex. Oxygen deficiency or reactive oxygen species (ROS) disrupted the interaction between IL-32β and VHL, leading to the accumulation of the cytokine. The fact that IL-32β is regulated by the energy-consuming ubiquitination system implies that it plays an important role in oxidative stress. We found that IL-32β reduced protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ)-induced apoptosis under oxidative stress. This implies that the hypoxia- and ROS-stabilized IL-32β contributes to sustain survival against PKCδ-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jeong Yong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Su Park
- Department of Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ae Lee Jeong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sora Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunyi Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye In Ka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Hyun Jeong Joo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jeong So
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Young Yoon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Seok Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong-Seok Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Gu Lee
- Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Son DJ, Jung YY, Seo YS, Park H, Lee DH, Kim S, Roh YS, Han SB, Yoon DY, Hong JT. Interleukin-32α Inhibits Endothelial Inflammation, Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Activation, and Atherosclerosis by Upregulating Timp3 and Reck through suppressing microRNA-205 Biogenesis. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:2186-2203. [PMID: 28740544 PMCID: PMC5505053 DOI: 10.7150/thno.18407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-32 (IL-32) is a multifaceted cytokine that promotes inflammation and regulates vascular endothelial cell behavior. Although some IL-32 isoforms have been reported to contribute to vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis, the functional role of IL-32α in vascular inflammation and atherogenesis has not been studied. Methods: IL-32α function was assessed in cells with transient IL-32α overexpression or treated with recombinant human IL-32α by western blotting and mRNA expression analysis. Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and migration was examined by BrdU incorporation and wound healing assays, respectively. In addition, the participation of IL-32α on vascular inflammation, arterial wall thickening, and atherosclerosis in vivo was monitored in human IL-32α transgenic (hIL-32α-Tg) mice with or without ApoE knockout (ApoE-/-/hIL-32α-Tg). Results: Our analyses showed that IL-32α suppresses genes involved in the inflammatory and immune responses and cell proliferation, and by limiting matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) function. In vivo, administration of hIL-32α inhibited vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis in hIL-32α-Tg and ApoE-/-/hIL-32α-Tg mice. Subsequent microarray and in silico analysis also revealed a marked decreased in inflammatory gene expression in hIL-32α-Tg mice. Collectively, our studies demonstrated that IL-32α upregulates the atheroprotective genes Timp3 and Reck by downregulating microRNA-205 through regulation of the Rprd2-Dgcr8/Ddx5-Dicer1 biogenesis pathway. Conclusion: Our findings provide the first direct evidence that IL-32α is an anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic cytokine that may be useful as a diagnostic and therapeutic protein in atherosclerosis.
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Liu Q, Liu J, Wang P, Zhang Y, Li B, Yu Y, Dang H, Li H, Zhang X, Wang Z. Poly-dimensional network comparative analysis reveals the pure pharmacological mechanism of baicalin in the targeted network of mouse cerebral ischemia. Brain Res 2017; 1666:70-79. [PMID: 28465229 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to investigate the pure pharmacological mechanisms of baicalin/baicalein (BA) in the targeted network of mouse cerebral ischemia using a poly-dimensional network comparative analysis. METHODS Eighty mice with induced focal cerebral ischemia were randomly divided into four groups: BA, Concha Margaritifera (CM), vehicle and sham group. A poly-dimensional comparative analysis of the expression levels of 374 stroke-related genes in each of the four groups was performed using MetaCore. RESULTS BA significantly reduced the ischemic infarct volume (P<0.05), whereas CM was ineffective. Two processes and 10 network nodes were shared between "BA vs CM" and vehicle, but there were no overlapping pathways. Two pathways, three processes and 12 network nodes overlapped in "BA vs CM" and BA. The pure pharmacological mechanism of BA resulted in targeting of pathways related to development, G-protein signaling, apoptosis, signal transduction and immunity. The biological processes affected by BA were primarily found to correlate with apoptotic, anti-apoptotic and neurophysiological processes. Three network nodes changed from up-regulation to down-regulation, while mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 6 (MAP2K6, also known as MEK6) changed from down-regulation to up-regulation in "BA vs CM" and vehicle. The changed nodes were all related to cell death and development. CONCLUSION The pure pharmacological mechanism of BA is related to immunity, apoptosis, development, cytoskeletal remodeling, transduction and neurophysiology, as ascertained using a poly-dimensional network comparative analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Liu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Pengqian Wang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Bing Li
- Institute of Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yanan Yu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Haixia Dang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Haixia Li
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xiaoxu Zhang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing 100700, China.
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Abstract
Interleukin-32 (IL-32) is a novel cytokine involved in inflammation and cancer development. IL-32 gene consists of eight small exons, and IL-32 mRNA has nine alternative spliced isoforms, and was thought to be secreted because it contains an internal signal sequence and lacks a transmembrane region. IL-32 is initially expressed selectively in activated T cells by mitogen and activated NK cells and their expression is strongly augmented by microbes, mitogens, and other cytokines. The IL-32 is induced mainly by pathogens and pro-inflammatory cytokines, but IL-32 is more prominent in immune cells than in non-immune tissues. The IL-32 transcript is expressed in various human tissues and organs such as the spleen, thymus, leukocyte, lung, small intestine, colon, prostate, heart, placenta, liver, muscle, kidney, pancreas, and brain. Cytokines are critical components of cell signaling pathways that are involved in the regulation of cell growth, metabolism, hormone signaling, immune regulation and a variety of other physiological functions. Earlier studies have demonstrated that IL-32 regulates cell growth, metabolism and immune regulation and is therefore involved in the pathologic regulator or protectant of inflammatory diseases. Previous studies defined that IL-32 is upregulated in the patients with several inflammatory diseases, and is induced by inflammatory responses. However, several reports suggested that IL-32 is downregulated in several inflammatory diseases including asthma, HIV infection disease, neuronal diseases, metabolic disorders, experimental colitis and metabolic disorders. IL-32 is also involved in various cancer malignancies including renal cancer, esophageal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma, lung cancer, gastric cancer, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, lymphoma, osteosarcoma, breast cancer, colon cancer and thyroid carcinoma. Other studies suggested that IL-32 decreases tumor development including cervical cancer, colon cancer and prostate cancer, melanoma, pancreatic cancer, liver cancer and chronic myeloid leukemia. Nevertheless, review articles that discuss the roles and its mechanism of IL-32 isoforms focusing on the therapeutic approaches have not yet been reported. In this review article, we will discuss recent findings regarding IL-32 in the development of diseases and further discuss therapeutic approaches targeting IL-32. Moreover, we will suggest that IL-32 could be the target of several diseases and the therapeutic agents for targeting IL-32 may have potential beneficial effects for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and cancers. Future research should open new avenues for the design of novel therapeutic approaches targeting IL-32.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ju Son
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong Kil Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Young Yoon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hun Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-951, Republic of Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Heart Research and Outcomes (HeRO) Center, Emory University School of Medicine, 2015 Uppergate Drive, Lab 260, Atlanta, GA, 30322, United States
| | - Mi Hee Park
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-951, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Lopes MR, Pereira JKN, de Melo Campos P, Machado-Neto JA, Traina F, Saad STO, Favaro P. De novo AML exhibits greater microenvironment dysregulation compared to AML with myelodysplasia-related changes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40707. [PMID: 28084439 PMCID: PMC5234038 DOI: 10.1038/srep40707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between the bone marrow microenvironment and malignant hematopoietic cells can result in the protection of leukemia cells from chemotherapy in both myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We, herein, characterized the changes in cytokine expression and the function of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) in patients with MDS, AML with myelodysplasia-related changes (MRC), a well-recognized clinical subtype of secondary AML, and de novo AML. We observed a significant inhibitory effect of MDS-MSC on T lymphocyte proliferation and no significant differences in any of the cytokines tested. AML-MSC inhibited T-cell proliferation only at a very low MSC/T cell ratio. When compared to the control, AML-MRCderived MSC presented a significant increase in IL6 expression, whereas de novo AML MSC presented a significant increase in the expression levels of VEGFA, CXCL12, RPGE2, IDO, IL1β, IL6 and IL32, followed by a decrease in IL10 expression. Furthermore, data indicate that IL-32 regulates stromal cell proliferation, has a chemotactic potential and participates in stromal cell crosstalk with leukemia cells, which could result in chemoresistance. Our results suggest that the differences between AML-MRC and de novo AML also extend into the leukemic stem cell niche and that IL-32 can participate in the regulation of the bone marrow cytokine milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Rodrigues Lopes
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center - University of Campinas/Hemocentro - Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Kleber Novais Pereira
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center - University of Campinas/Hemocentro - Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula de Melo Campos
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center - University of Campinas/Hemocentro - Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Agostinho Machado-Neto
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center - University of Campinas/Hemocentro - Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiola Traina
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center - University of Campinas/Hemocentro - Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sara T Olalla Saad
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center - University of Campinas/Hemocentro - Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia Favaro
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center - University of Campinas/Hemocentro - Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
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23
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Bak Y, Kwon T, Bak IS, Hong J, Yu DY, Yoon DY. IL-32θ inhibits stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of cancer stem cells via the STAT3 pathway in colon cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:7307-17. [PMID: 26824417 PMCID: PMC4872787 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-32 is a well-known cytokine associated with inflammation, virus infections and cancer. IL-32θ is a newly identified isoform of IL-32, whose function has yet to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated IL-32θ function in colon cancer stem cells. Using samples from colon cancer patients, we found that the expression of IL-32θ mRNAs was significantly suppressed in tumor regions. We investigated the effects of IL-32θ on colon cancer. Ectopic expression of IL-32θ attenuated invasion, migration in vitro and in vivo tumorigenicity of colon cancer cells. IL-32θ inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), resulting in the suppression of their migratory and invasive capabilities of HT29 colon cancer cells. In addition, IL-32θ altered various properties of CSCs, including sphere formation and expression of stemness related genes. IL-32θ directly bound to STAT3 and inhibited its nuclear translocation, leading to inhibited transcription of downstream factors, including Bmi1 and ZEB1. We showed that IL-32θ inhibited the STAT3-ZEB1 pathway and consequently inhibited key factors of stemness and EMT. Taken together, our findings reveal that IL-32θ can be a tumor suppressor, indicating that IL-32θ could possibly be used in therapies for colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesol Bak
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.,Disease Model Research Laboratory, Aging Intervention Research Center, Development and Differentiation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Taeho Kwon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.,Disease Model Research Laboratory, Aging Intervention Research Center, Development and Differentiation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea
| | - In Seon Bak
- Disease Model Research Laboratory, Aging Intervention Research Center, Development and Differentiation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jintae Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Dae-Yeul Yu
- Disease Model Research Laboratory, Aging Intervention Research Center, Development and Differentiation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Do-Young Yoon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
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24
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Yun J, Gu SM, Yun HM, Son DJ, Park MH, Lee MS, Hong JT. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG35-55)-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis is ameliorated in interleukin-32 alpha transgenic mice. Oncotarget 2016; 6:40452-63. [PMID: 26564962 PMCID: PMC4747345 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS), also known as disseminated sclerosis or encephalomyelitis disseminate, is an inflammatory disease in which myelin in the spinal cord and brain are damaged. IL-32α is known as a critical molecule in the pathophysiology of immune-mediated chronic inflammatory disease such as rheumatoid arthritis, chronic pulmonary disease, and cancers. However, the role of IL-32α on spinal cord injuries and demyelination is poorly understood. Recently, we reported that the release of proinflammatory cytokines were reduced in IL-32α-overexpressing transgenic mice. In this study, we investigated whether IL-32α plays a role on MS using experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an experimental mouse model of MS, in human IL-32α Tg mice. The Tg mice were immunized with MOG35-55 suspended in CFA emulsion followed by pertussis toxin, and then EAE paralysis of mice was scored. We observed that the paralytic severity and neuropathology of EAE in IL-32α Tg mice were significantly decreased compared with that of non-Tg mice. The immune cells infiltration, astrocytes/microglials activation, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6) levels in spinal cord were suppressed in IL-32α Tg mice. Furthermore, NG2 and O4 were decreased in IL-32α Tg mice, indicating that spinal cord damaging was suppressed. In addition, in vitro assay also revealed that IL-32α has a preventive role against Con A stimulation which is evidenced by decrease in T cell proliferation and inflammatory cytokine levels in IL-32α overexpressed Jurkat cell. Taken together, our findings suggested that IL-32α may play a protective role in EAE by suppressing neuroinflammation in spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaesuk Yun
- Pharmacological Research Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation (NIFDS), Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS), Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Mi Gu
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Mun Yun
- Department of Maxillofacial Tissue Regeneration, School of Dentistry and Research Center for Tooth and Periodontal Regeneration (MRC), Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ju Son
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hee Park
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Soon Lee
- College of Agriculture, Life and Environmental Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
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25
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Major apoptotic mechanisms and genes involved in apoptosis. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:8471-86. [PMID: 27059734 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5035-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 374] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As much as the cellular viability is important for the living organisms, the elimination of unnecessary or damaged cells has the opposite necessity for the maintenance of homeostasis in tissues, organs and the whole organism. Apoptosis, a type of cell death mechanism, is controlled by the interactions between several molecules and responsible for the elimination of unwanted cells from the body. Apoptosis can be triggered by intrinsically or extrinsically through death signals from the outside of the cell. Any abnormality in apoptosis process can cause various types of diseases from cancer to auto-immune diseases. Different gene families such as caspases, inhibitor of apoptosis proteins, B cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2 family of genes, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor gene superfamily, or p53 gene are involved and/or collaborate in the process of apoptosis. In this review, we discuss the basic features of apoptosis and have focused on the gene families playing critical roles, activation/inactivation mechanisms, upstream/downstream effectors, and signaling pathways in apoptosis on the basis of cancer studies. In addition, novel apoptotic players such as miRNAs and sphingolipid family members in various kind of cancer are discussed.
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26
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Kim MS, Kang JW, Jeon JS, Kim JK, Kim JW, Hong J, Yoon DY. IL-32θ gene expression in acute myeloid leukemia suppresses TNF-α production. Oncotarget 2015; 6:40747-61. [PMID: 26516703 PMCID: PMC4747366 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α is highly expressed in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and has been demonstrated to induce rapid proliferation of leukemic blasts. Thus suppressing the production of TNF-α is important because TNF-α can auto-regulate own expression through activation of NF-κB and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). In this study, we focused on the inhibitory effect of IL-32θ on TNF-α production in acute myeloid leukemia. Approximately 38% of patients with AML express endogenous IL-32θ, which is not expressed in healthy individuals. Furthermore, plasma samples were classified into groups with or without IL-32θ; then, we measured proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels. TNF-α production was not increased in patients with IL-32θ expression than that in the no-IL-32θ group. Using an IL-32θ stable expression system in leukemia cell lines, we found that IL-32θ attenuated phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced TNF-α production. IL-32θ inhibited phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, inhibitor of κB (IκB), and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), which are key positive regulators of TNF-α expression, and inhibited nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Moreover, the presence of IL-32θ attenuated TNF-α promoter activity and the binding of NF-κB with the TNF-α promoter. In addition, IL-32γ-induced TNF-α production has no correlation with inhibition of TNF-α via IL-32θ expression. Thus, IL-32θ may serve as a potent inhibitor of TNF-α in patients with AML.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Blotting, Western
- Case-Control Studies
- Chromatin Immunoprecipitation
- Female
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Interleukin-6/genetics
- Interleukin-6/metabolism
- Interleukins/genetics
- Interleukins/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- NF-kappa B/genetics
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Signal Transduction
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/antagonists & inhibitors
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
- Young Adult
- p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/genetics
- p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Sub Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Woo Kang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Current address: Seegene Inc., Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Sik Jeon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Jae Kyung Kim
- Dankook University College of Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Jong Wan Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Jintae Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Do-Young Yoon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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27
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Guan X, Yi Y, Huang Y, Hu Y, Li X, Wang X, Fan H, Wang G, Wang D. Revealing potential molecular targets bridging colitis and colorectal cancer based on multidimensional integration strategy. Oncotarget 2015; 6:37600-12. [PMID: 26461477 PMCID: PMC4741951 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation may play a vital role in the pathogenesis of inflammation-associated tumors. However, the underlying mechanisms bridging ulcerative colitis (UC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) remain unclear. Here, we integrated multidimensional interaction resources, including gene expression profiling, protein-protein interactions (PPIs), transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation data, and virus-host interactions, to tentatively explore potential molecular targets that functionally link UC and CRC at a systematic level. In this work, by deciphering the overlapping genes, crosstalking genes and pivotal regulators of both UC- and CRC-associated functional module pairs, we revealed a variety of genes (including FOS and DUSP1, etc.), transcription factors (including SMAD3 and ETS1, etc.) and miRNAs (including miR-155 and miR-196b, etc.) that may have the potential to complete the connections between UC and CRC. Interestingly, further analyses of the virus-host interaction network demonstrated that several virus proteins (including EBNA-LP of EBV and protein E7 of HPV) frequently inter-connected to UC- and CRC-associated module pairs with their validated targets significantly enriched in both modules of the host. Together, our results suggested that multidimensional integration strategy provides a novel approach to discover potential molecular targets that bridge the connections between UC and CRC, which could also be extensively applied to studies on other inflammation-related cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Guan
- Department of Colorectal Cancer Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Yi
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Huang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yongfei Hu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xishan Wang
- Department of Colorectal Cancer Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Huihui Fan
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Guiyu Wang
- Department of Colorectal Cancer Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dong Wang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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