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Gallez B, Mathieu B, Sonveaux P. About metformin and its action on the mitochondrial respiratory chain in prostate cancer. Transl Androl Urol 2024; 13:909-914. [PMID: 38855601 PMCID: PMC11157400 DOI: 10.21037/tau-23-602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Gallez
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Barbara Mathieu
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Sonveaux
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institut de Recherches Expérimentales et Cliniques (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO) Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
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2
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Velazquez-Cervantes MA, López-Ortega O, Cruz-Holguín VJ, Herrera Moro-Huitron L, Flores-Pliego A, Lara-Hernandez I, Comas-García M, Villavicencio-Carrisoza O, Helguera-Reppeto AC, Arévalo-Romero H, Vázquez-Martínez ER, León-Juárez M. Metformin Inhibits Zika Virus Infection in Trophoblast Cell Line. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:133. [PMID: 38592489 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03651-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infections have been associated with severe clinical outcomes, which may include neurological manifestations, especially in newborns with intrauterine infection. However, licensed vaccines and specific antiviral agents are not yet available. Therefore, a safe and low-cost therapy is required, especially for pregnant women. In this regard, metformin, an FDA-approved drug used to treat gestational diabetes, has previously exhibited an anti-ZIKA effect in vitro in HUVEC cells by activating AMPK. In this study, we evaluated metformin treatment during ZIKV infection in vitro in a JEG3-permissive trophoblast cell line. Our results demonstrate that metformin affects viral replication and protein synthesis and reverses cytoskeletal changes promoted by ZIKV infection. In addition, it reduces lipid droplet formation, which is associated with lipogenic activation of infection. Taken together, our results indicate that metformin has potential as an antiviral agent against ZIKV infection in vitro in trophoblast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Adrían Velazquez-Cervantes
- Laboratorio de Virología Perinatal y Diseño Molecular de Antigenos y Biomarcadores, Departamento de Inmunobioquimica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, 11000, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Orestes López-Ortega
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Victor Javier Cruz-Holguín
- Laboratorio de Virología Perinatal y Diseño Molecular de Antigenos y Biomarcadores, Departamento de Inmunobioquimica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, 11000, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Herrera Moro-Huitron
- Laboratorio de Virología Perinatal y Diseño Molecular de Antigenos y Biomarcadores, Departamento de Inmunobioquimica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, 11000, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Arturo Flores-Pliego
- Departamento de Inmunobioquimica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, 11000, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ignacio Lara-Hernandez
- Sección de Microscopía de Alta Resolución, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Atunóma de San Luis Potrosí, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - Mauricio Comas-García
- Sección de Microscopía de Alta Resolución, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Atunóma de San Luis Potrosí, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | | | - Addy Cecilia Helguera-Reppeto
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Haruki Arévalo-Romero
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Microbiología Molecular, División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Jalpa de Méndez, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Jalpa de Méndez, Mexico
| | - Edgar Ricardo Vázquez-Martínez
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 11000, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Moises León-Juárez
- Laboratorio de Virología Perinatal y Diseño Molecular de Antigenos y Biomarcadores, Departamento de Inmunobioquimica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, 11000, Mexico City, Mexico.
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3
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Galal MA, Al-Rimawi M, Hajeer A, Dahman H, Alouch S, Aljada A. Metformin: A Dual-Role Player in Cancer Treatment and Prevention. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4083. [PMID: 38612893 PMCID: PMC11012626 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer continues to pose a significant global health challenge, as evidenced by the increasing incidence rates and high mortality rates, despite the advancements made in chemotherapy. The emergence of chemoresistance further complicates the effectiveness of treatment. However, there is growing interest in the potential of metformin, a commonly prescribed drug for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), as an adjuvant chemotherapy agent in cancer treatment. Although the precise mechanism of action of metformin in cancer therapy is not fully understood, it has been found to have pleiotropic effects, including the modulation of metabolic pathways, reduction in inflammation, and the regulation of cellular proliferation. This comprehensive review examines the anticancer properties of metformin, drawing insights from various studies conducted in vitro and in vivo, as well as from clinical trials and observational research. This review discusses the mechanisms of action involving both insulin-dependent and independent pathways, shedding light on the potential of metformin as a therapeutic agent for different types of cancer. Despite promising findings, there are challenges that need to be addressed, such as conflicting outcomes in clinical trials, considerations regarding dosing, and the development of resistance. These challenges highlight the importance of further research to fully harness the therapeutic potential of metformin in cancer treatment. The aims of this review are to provide a contemporary understanding of the role of metformin in cancer therapy and identify areas for future exploration in the pursuit of effective anticancer strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Ahmed Galal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, P.O. Box 50927, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.G.); (M.A.-R.); (H.D.); (S.A.)
- Department of Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1QU, UK
| | - Mohammed Al-Rimawi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, P.O. Box 50927, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.G.); (M.A.-R.); (H.D.); (S.A.)
| | | | - Huda Dahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, P.O. Box 50927, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.G.); (M.A.-R.); (H.D.); (S.A.)
| | - Samhar Alouch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, P.O. Box 50927, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.G.); (M.A.-R.); (H.D.); (S.A.)
| | - Ahmad Aljada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, P.O. Box 50927, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.G.); (M.A.-R.); (H.D.); (S.A.)
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4
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Unraveling the Peculiar Features of Mitochondrial Metabolism and Dynamics in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041192. [PMID: 36831534 PMCID: PMC9953833 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of cancer deaths among men in Western countries. Mitochondria, the "powerhouse" of cells, undergo distinctive metabolic and structural dynamics in different types of cancer. PCa cells experience peculiar metabolic changes during their progression from normal epithelial cells to early-stage and, progressively, to late-stage cancer cells. Specifically, healthy cells display a truncated tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and inefficient oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) due to the high accumulation of zinc that impairs the activity of m-aconitase, the enzyme of the TCA cycle responsible for the oxidation of citrate. During the early phase of cancer development, intracellular zinc levels decrease leading to the reactivation of m-aconitase, TCA cycle and OXPHOS. PCa cells change their metabolic features again when progressing to the late stage of cancer. In particular, the Warburg effect was consistently shown to be the main metabolic feature of late-stage PCa cells. However, accumulating evidence sustains that both the TCA cycle and the OXPHOS pathway are still present and active in these cells. The androgen receptor axis as well as mutations in mitochondrial genes involved in metabolic rewiring were shown to play a key role in PCa cell metabolic reprogramming. Mitochondrial structural dynamics, such as biogenesis, fusion/fission and mitophagy, were also observed in PCa cells. In this review, we focus on the mitochondrial metabolic and structural dynamics occurring in PCa during tumor development and progression; their role as effective molecular targets for novel therapeutic strategies in PCa patients is also discussed.
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5
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Lipid-lowering activity and mechanism of peptides from jellyfish Nemopilema nomurai. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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6
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Teng PC, Huang DQ, Lin TY, Noureddin M, Yang JD. Diabetes and Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Cirrhosis Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Gut Liver 2023; 17:24-33. [PMID: 36530125 PMCID: PMC9840929 DOI: 10.5009/gnl220357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease in the world. NAFLD is a hepatic manifestation of insulin resistance, the core pathophysiology of diabetes. Multiple clinical studies show that diabetes increases the risk of liver disease progression and cirrhosis development in patients with NAFLD. Diabetes has causal associations with many different cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). More recent studies demonstrate that diabetes increases the risk of HCC in patients with underlying NAFLD cirrhosis, confirming the direct hepatocarcinogenic effect of diabetes among cirrhosis patients. Diabetes promotes hepatocarcinogenesis via the activation of inflammatory cascades producing reactive oxygen species and proinflammatory cytokines, leading to genomic instability, cellular proliferation, and inhibition of apoptosis. Given the global increase in the burden of NAFLD and HCC, high-risk patients such as older diabetic individuals should be carefully monitored for HCC development. Future larger studies should explore whether the effect of diabetes on HCC risk in NAFLD cirrhosis is modifiable by the type of antidiabetic medication and the effectiveness of diabetes control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pai-Chi Teng
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Q. Huang
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Ting-Yi Lin
- Doctoral Degree Program of Translational Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mazen Noureddin
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ju Dong Yang
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Comprehensive Transplant Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Corresponding AuthorJu Dong Yang, ORCIDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7834-9825, E-mail
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7
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Wang NF, Jue TR, Holst J, Gunter JH. Systematic review of antitumour efficacy and mechanism of metformin activity in prostate cancer models. BJUI COMPASS 2022; 4:44-58. [PMID: 36569495 PMCID: PMC9766874 DOI: 10.1002/bco2.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin, the first line pharmacotherapy for type 2 diabetes has demonstrated favourable effects in prostate cancer (PCa) across a range of studies evaluating PCa patient outcomes amongst metformin users. However, a lack of rigorously conducted prospective studies has stalled clinical use in this setting. Despite multiple studies evaluating the mechanisms underpinning antitumour effects of metformin in PCa, to date, no reviews have compared these findings. This systematic review and meta-analysis consolidates the mechanisms accounting for the antitumour effect of metformin in PCa and evaluates the antitumour efficacy of metformin in preclinical PCa studies. Data were obtained through Medline and EMBASE, extracted by two independent assessors. Risk of bias was assessed using the TOXR tool. Meta-analysis compared in vivo reductions of PCa tumour volume with metformin. In total, 447 articles were identified with 80 duplicates, and 261 articles excluded based on eligibility criteria. The remaining 106 articles were assessed and 71 excluded, with 35 articles included for systematic review, and eight included for meta-analysis. The mechanisms of action of metformin regarding tumour growth, viability, migration, invasion, cell metabolism, and activation of signalling cascades are individually discussed. The mechanisms by which metformin inhibits PCa cell growth are multimodal. Metformin regulates expression of multiple proteins/genes to inhibit cellular proliferation, cell cycle progression, and cellular invasion and migration. Published in vivo studies also conclusively demonstrate that metformin inhibits PCa growth. This highlights the potential of metformin to be repurposed as an anticancer agent, warranting further investigation of metformin in the setting of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Fang Wang
- School of Medical SciencesUNSW SydneySydneyNSWAustralia,Prince of Wales Clinical SchoolUNSW SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Toni Rose Jue
- Prince of Wales Clinical SchoolUNSW SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Jeff Holst
- School of Medical SciencesUNSW SydneySydneyNSWAustralia,Prince of Wales Clinical SchoolUNSW SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Jennifer H. Gunter
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre‐Queensland, Centre for Genomic and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research InstituteQueensland University of Technology (QUT)BrisbaneQLDAustralia
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8
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Chen X, Sun M, Yang Z. Single cell mass spectrometry analysis of drug-resistant cancer cells: Metabolomics studies of synergetic effect of combinational treatment. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1201:339621. [PMID: 35300794 PMCID: PMC8933618 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Irinotecan (IRI), a topoisomerase I inhibitor blocking DNA synthesis, is a widely used chemotherapy drug for metastatic colorectal cancer. Despite being an effective chemotherapy drug, its clinical effectiveness is limited by both intrinsic and acquired drug resistance. Previous studies indicate IRI induces cancer stemness in irinotecan-resistant (IRI-resistant) cells. Metformin, an oral antidiabetic drug, was recently reported for anticancer effects, likely due to its selective killing of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Given IRI-resistant cells exhibiting high cancer stemness, we hypothesize metformin can sensitize IRI-resistant cells and rescue the therapeutic effect. In this work, we utilized the Single-probe mass spectrometry technique to analyze live IRI-resistant cells under different treatment conditions. We discovered that metformin treatment was associated with the downregulation of lipids and fatty acids, potentially through the inhibition of fatty acid synthase (FASN). Importantly, certain species can be only detected from cells in their living status. The level of synergistic effect of metformin and IRI in their co-treatment of IRI-resistant cells was evaluated using Chou-Talalay combinational index. Using enzymatic activity assay, we determined that the co-treatment exhibit the highest FASN inhibition compared with the mono-treatment of IRI or metformin. To our knowledge, this is the first single-cell MS metabolomics study demonstrating metformin-IRI synergistic effect overcoming drug resistance in IRI-resistant cells.
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9
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Metformin and Cancer Hallmarks: Molecular Mechanisms in Thyroid, Prostate and Head and Neck Cancer Models. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030357. [PMID: 35327549 PMCID: PMC8945547 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin is the most used drug for type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Its antitumor activity has been described by clinical studies showing reduced risk of cancer development in T2DM patients, as well as management of T2DM compared with those receiving other glucose-lowering drugs. Metformin has a plethora of molecular actions in cancer cells. This review focused on in vitro data on the action mechanisms of metformin on thyroid, prostate and head and neck cancer. AMPK activation regulating specific downstream targets is a constant antineoplastic activity in different types of cancer; however, AMPK-independent mechanisms are also relevant. In vitro evidence makes it clear that depending on the type of tumor, metformin has different actions; its effects may be modulated by different cell conditions (for instance, presence of HPV infection), or it may regulate tissue-specific factors, such as the Na+/I− symporter (NIS) and androgen receptors. The hallmarks of cancer are a set of functional features acquired by the cell during malignant development. In vitro studies show that metformin regulates almost all the hallmarks of cancer. Interestingly, metformin is one of these therapeutic agents with the potential to synergize with other chemotherapeutic agents, with low cost, low side effects and high positive consequences. Some questions are still challenging: Are metformin in vitro data able to translate from bench to bedside? Does metformin affect drug resistance? Can metformin be used as a generic anticancer drug for all types of tumors? Which are the specific actions of metformin on the peculiarities of each type of cancer? Several clinical trials are in progress or have been concluded for repurposing metformin as an anticancer drug. The continuous efforts in the field and future in vitro studies will be essential to corroborate clinical trials results and to elucidate the raised questions.
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Tawfik SM, Abdollah MRA, Elmazar MM, El-Fawal HAN, Abdelnaser A. Effects of Metformin Combined With Antifolates on HepG2 Cell Metabolism and Cellular Proliferation. Front Oncol 2022; 12:828988. [PMID: 35186762 PMCID: PMC8851913 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.828988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most prevalent types of cancers worldwide, continues to maintain high levels of resistance to standard therapy. As clinical data revealed poor response rates, the need for developing new methods has increased to improve the overall wellbeing of patients with HCC. Furthermore, a growing body of evidence shows that cancer metabolic changes are a key feature of many types of human malignancies. Metabolic reprogramming refers to cancer cells’ ability to change their metabolism in order to meet the increased energy demand caused by continuous growth, rapid proliferation, and other neoplastic cell characteristics. For these reasons, metabolic pathways may become new therapeutic and chemopreventive targets. The aim of this study was to investigate the metabolic alterations associated with metformin (MET), an anti-diabetic agent when combined with two antifolate drugs: trimethoprim (TMP) or methotrexate (MTX), and how metabolic changes within the cancer cell may be used to increase cellular death. In this study, single drugs and combinations were investigated using in vitro assays including cytotoxicity assay (MTT), RT-qPCR, annexin V/PI apoptosis assay, scratch wound assay and Seahorse XF analysis, on a human HCC cell line, HepG2. The cytotoxicity assay showed that the IC50 of MET as single therapy was 44.08 mM that was reduced to 22.73 mM and 29.29 mM when combined with TMP and MTX, respectively. The co-treatment of both drugs increased p53 and Bax apoptotic markers, while decreased the anti-apoptotic marker; Bcl-2. Both combinations increased the percentage of apoptotic cells and halted cancer cell migration when compared to MET alone. Furthermore, both combinations decreased the MET-induced increase in glycolysis, while also inducing mitochondrial damage, altering cancer cell bioenergetics. These findings provide an exciting insight into the anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects of MET and anti-folates on HepG2 cells, and how in combination, may potentially combat the aggressiveness of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherouk M Tawfik
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo, Egypt.,The Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha R A Abdollah
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo, Egypt.,The Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohey M Elmazar
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hassan A N El-Fawal
- Institute of Global Public Health, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Anwar Abdelnaser
- Institute of Global Public Health, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
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11
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Dadgar T, Ebrahimi N, Gholipour AR, Akbari M, Khani L, Ahmadi A, Hamblin MR. Targeting the metabolism of cancer stem cells by energy disruptor molecules. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 169:103545. [PMID: 34838705 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been identified in various tumor types. CSCs are believed to contribute to tumor metastasis and resistance to conventional therapy. So targeting these cells could be an effective strategy to eliminate tumors and a promising new type of cancer treatment. Alterations in metabolism play an essential role in CSC biology and their resistance to treatment. The metabolic properties pathways in CSCs are different from normal cells, and to some extent, are different from regular tumor cells. Interestingly, CSCs can use other nutrients for their metabolism and growth. The different metabolism causes increased sensitivity of CSCs to agents that disrupt cellular homeostasis. Compounds that interfere with the central metabolic pathways are known as energy disruptors and can reduce CSC survival. This review highlights the differences between regular cancer cells and CSC metabolism and discusses the action mechanisms of energy disruptors at the cellular and molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahere Dadgar
- Department of Biology, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Nasim Ebrahimi
- Division of Genetics, Department of Cell and Molecular & Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amir Reza Gholipour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Maryam Akbari
- Department of Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Khani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Ahmadi
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Nano and Bio Science and Technology, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, 75169, Iran.
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa.
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12
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M Onorato A, Fiore E, Bayo J, Casali C, Fernandez-Tomé M, Rodríguez M, Domínguez L, Argemi J, Hidalgo F, Favre C, García M, Atorrasagasti C, Mazzolini GD. SPARC inhibition accelerates NAFLD-associated hepatocellular carcinoma development by dysregulating hepatic lipid metabolism. Liver Int 2021; 41:1677-1693. [PMID: 33641248 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) and its more serious form non-alcoholic steatohepatitis increase risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Lipid metabolic alterations and its role in HCC development remain unclear. SPARC (Secreted Protein, Acidic and Rich in Cysteine) is involved in lipid metabolism, NAFLD and diabetes, but the effects on hepatic lipid metabolism and HCC development is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of SPARC in HCC development in the context of NAFLD. METHODS Primary hepatocyte cultures from knockout (SPARC-/- ) or wild-type (SPARC+/+ ) mice, and HepG2 cells were used to assess the effects of free fatty acids on lipid accumulation, expression of lipogenic genes and de novo triglyceride (TG) synthesis. A NAFLD-HCC model was stabilized on SPARC-/- or SPARC+/+ mice. Correlations among SPARC, lipid metabolism-related gene expression patterns and clinical prognosis were studied using HCC gene expression dataset. RESULTS SPARC-/- mice increases hepatic lipid deposits over time. Hepatocytes from SPARC-/- mice or inhibition of SPARC by an antisense adenovirus in HepG2 cells resulted in increased TG deposit, expression of lipid-related genes and nuclear translocation of SREBP1c. Human HCC database analysis revealed that SPARC negatively correlated with genes involved in lipid metabolism, and with poor survival. In NAFLD-HCC murine model, the absence of SPARC accelerates HCC development. RNA-seq study revealed that pathways related to lipid metabolism, cellular detoxification and proliferation were upregulated in SPARC-/- tumour-bearing mice. CONCLUSIONS The absence of SPARC is associated with an altered hepatic lipid metabolism, and an accelerated NAFLD-related HCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agostina M Onorato
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, CONICET- Universidad Austral, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Esteban Fiore
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, CONICET- Universidad Austral, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Bayo
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, CONICET- Universidad Austral, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Casali
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro C. Paladini (IQUIFIB), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Fernandez-Tomé
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro C. Paladini (IQUIFIB), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Rodríguez
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, CONICET- Universidad Austral, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciana Domínguez
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, CONICET- Universidad Austral, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Josepmaría Argemi
- Josepmaria Argemi, CIMA and Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Florencia Hidalgo
- Institute of Experimental Physiology, CONICET, School of Biochemical Sciences, University of Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Cristian Favre
- Institute of Experimental Physiology, CONICET, School of Biochemical Sciences, University of Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Mariana García
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, CONICET- Universidad Austral, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Catalina Atorrasagasti
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, CONICET- Universidad Austral, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo D Mazzolini
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, CONICET- Universidad Austral, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Liver Unit, Hospital Universitario Austral, Universidad Austral, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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13
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Zhu XH, Du JX, Zhu D, Ren SZ, Chen K, Zhu HL. Recent Research on Methods to Improve Tumor Hypoxia Environment. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:5721258. [PMID: 33343807 PMCID: PMC7725563 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5721258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a major disease burden worldwide. In recent years, in addition to surgical resection, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are recognized as the most effective methods for treating solid tumors. These methods have been introduced to treat tumors of different origins and stages clinically. However, due to insufficient blood flow and oxygen (O2) supply in solid tumors, hypoxia is caused, leading to decreased sensitivity of tumor cells and poor therapeutic effects. In addition, hypoxia will also lead to resistance to most anticancer drugs, accelerate malignant progress, and increase metastasis. In solid tumors, adequate O2 supply and adequate delivery of anticancer drugs are essential to improve radiotherapy and chemotherapy sensitivity. In recent decades, the researches on relieving tumor hypoxia have attracted researchers' extensive attention and achieved good results. However, as far as we know, there is no detailed review of the researches on alleviating tumor hypoxia. Therefore, in this contribution, we hope to give an overview of the researches on methods to improve tumor hypoxia environment and summarize their effect and application in tumor therapy, to provide a methodological reference for the research and development of new antitumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hua Zhu
- The Joint Research Center of Guangzhou University and Keele University for Gene Interference and Application, School of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jun-Xi Du
- The Joint Research Center of Guangzhou University and Keele University for Gene Interference and Application, School of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shen-Zhen Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Hebei Province, Institute of Biophysics, School of Sciences, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Kun Chen
- The Joint Research Center of Guangzhou University and Keele University for Gene Interference and Application, School of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hai-Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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14
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Zhang J, Wen L, Zhou Q, He K, Teng L. Preventative and Therapeutic Effects of Metformin in Gastric Cancer: A New Contribution of an Old Friend. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:8545-8554. [PMID: 32982447 PMCID: PMC7505710 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s264032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a cancer with high prevalence, and is one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide. Metformin is a widely used hypoglycemic agent for type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Recently, metformin has drawn increasing attention in the field of cancer research for its emerging anti-cancer roles. However, the efficacy and underlying molecular mechanisms of metformin in the prevention and treatment for GC remain controversial. This review summarized the present clinical and mechanistic studies that investigated the efficacy of metformin in GC. It was found that the majority of clinical studies affirmed protective roles of metformin in both gastric cancer risk and survival rate. In addition, metformin’s effects in the prevention and treatment for GC involve multiple pathways mainly via AMPK and IGF-1R. It was concluded that metformin presents a unique opportunity for application against GC, but further clinical and mechanistic investigations are required to solidify the roles of metformin in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Wen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Kuifeng He
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lisong Teng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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15
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Bosc C, Broin N, Fanjul M, Saland E, Farge T, Courdy C, Batut A, Masoud R, Larrue C, Skuli S, Espagnolle N, Pagès JC, Carrier A, Bost F, Bertrand-Michel J, Tamburini J, Récher C, Bertoli S, Mansat-De Mas V, Manenti S, Sarry JE, Joffre C. Autophagy regulates fatty acid availability for oxidative phosphorylation through mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum contact sites. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4056. [PMID: 32792483 PMCID: PMC7426880 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17882-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy has been associated with oncogenesis with one of its emerging key functions being its contribution to the metabolism of tumors. Therefore, deciphering the mechanisms of how autophagy supports tumor cell metabolism is essential. Here, we demonstrate that the inhibition of autophagy induces an accumulation of lipid droplets (LD) due to a decrease in fatty acid β-oxidation, that leads to a reduction of oxidative phosphorylation (OxPHOS) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but not in normal cells. Thus, the autophagic process participates in lipid catabolism that supports OxPHOS in AML cells. Interestingly, the inhibition of OxPHOS leads to LD accumulation with the concomitant inhibition of autophagy. Mechanistically, we show that the disruption of mitochondria–endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contact sites (MERCs) phenocopies OxPHOS inhibition. Altogether, our data establish that mitochondria, through the regulation of MERCs, controls autophagy that, in turn finely tunes lipid degradation to fuel OxPHOS supporting proliferation and growth in leukemia. How autophagy supports tumor cell metabolism is not fully clear. Here, the authors show that autophagy regulates lipid availability to support mitochondrial oxidative metabolism through mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum contact sites, necessary for cell proliferation in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudie Bosc
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM U1037, CNRS ERL5294, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Equipe labellisée, La Ligue contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Broin
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM U1037, CNRS ERL5294, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Equipe labellisée, La Ligue contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
| | - Marjorie Fanjul
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM U1037, CNRS ERL5294, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Equipe labellisée, La Ligue contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
| | - Estelle Saland
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM U1037, CNRS ERL5294, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Equipe labellisée, La Ligue contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
| | - Thomas Farge
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM U1037, CNRS ERL5294, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Equipe labellisée, La Ligue contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
| | - Charly Courdy
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM U1037, CNRS ERL5294, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Equipe labellisée, La Ligue contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
| | - Aurélie Batut
- MetaToul-MetaboHUB, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, F-31077, France
| | - Rawand Masoud
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Clément Larrue
- Translational Research Centre in Onco-hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Skuli
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM U1037, CNRS ERL5294, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Equipe labellisée, La Ligue contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Hospital of The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nicolas Espagnolle
- STROMALab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS ERL5311, EFS, INP-ENVT, Inserm U1031, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Pagès
- STROMALab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS ERL5311, EFS, INP-ENVT, Inserm U1031, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Alice Carrier
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Frédéric Bost
- Inserm U1065, C3M, Team Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, Inserm, Nice, France
| | - Justine Bertrand-Michel
- MetaToul-MetaboHUB, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, F-31077, France
| | - Jérôme Tamburini
- Translational Research Centre in Onco-hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.,Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, INSERM U1016, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - Christian Récher
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM U1037, CNRS ERL5294, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Equipe labellisée, La Ligue contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France.,Service d'hématologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Sarah Bertoli
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM U1037, CNRS ERL5294, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Equipe labellisée, La Ligue contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France.,Service d'hématologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Véronique Mansat-De Mas
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM U1037, CNRS ERL5294, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Equipe labellisée, La Ligue contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France.,Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Stéphane Manenti
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM U1037, CNRS ERL5294, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Equipe labellisée, La Ligue contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Emmanuel Sarry
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM U1037, CNRS ERL5294, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France. .,Equipe labellisée, La Ligue contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France.
| | - Carine Joffre
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM U1037, CNRS ERL5294, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France. .,Equipe labellisée, La Ligue contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France.
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16
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Zhao B, Luo J, Yu T, Zhou L, Lv H, Shang P. Anticancer mechanisms of metformin: A review of the current evidence. Life Sci 2020; 254:117717. [PMID: 32339541 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metformin, a US Food and Drug Administration-approved "star" drug used for diabetes mellitus type 2, has become a topic of increasing interest to researchers due to its anti-neoplastic effects. Growing evidence has demonstrated that metformin may be a promising chemotherapeutic agent, and several clinical trials of metformin use in cancer treatment are ongoing. However, the anti-neoplastic effects of metformin and its underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. In this review, we present the newest findings on the anticancer activities of metformin, and highlight its diverse anticancer mechanisms. Several clinical trials, as well as the limitations of the current evidence are also demonstrated. This review explores the crucial roles of metformin and provides supporting evidence for the repurposing of metformin as a treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhao
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China; School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China; School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Tongyao Yu
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China; School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Liangfu Zhou
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China; School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Huanhuan Lv
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China; School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Peng Shang
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China.
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17
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Wang J, Zhang B, Sun J, Wang Y, Wang H. Nanomedicine-Enabled Modulation of Tumor Hypoxic Microenvironment for Enhanced Cancer Therapy. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020; 3:1900083. [PMID: 34277929 PMCID: PMC8281934 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201900083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a common condition of solid tumors that is mainly caused by enhanced tumor proliferative activity and dysfunctional vasculature. In the treatment of hypoxic human solid tumors, many conventional therapeutic approaches (e.g., oxygen-dependent photodynamic therapy, anticancer drug-based chemotherapy or X-ray induced radiotherapy) become considerably less effective or ineffective. In recent years, various strategies have been explored to deliver or generate oxygen inside solid tumors to overcome tumorous hypoxia and show promising evidence to improve the antitumor efficiency. In this review, the extrinsic regulation of tumor hypoxia via nanomaterial delivery is discussed followed by a summary of the mechanisms through which the modulated tumor hypoxic microenvironment improves therapeutic efficacy. The review concludes with future perspectives, to specifically address the translation of nanomaterial-based therapeutic strategies for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
| | - Beilu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
| | - Jingyu Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
| | - Yuhao Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
| | - Hongjun Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
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18
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Kamarudin MNA, Sarker MMR, Zhou JR, Parhar I. Metformin in colorectal cancer: molecular mechanism, preclinical and clinical aspects. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2019; 38:491. [PMID: 31831021 PMCID: PMC6909457 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1495-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence showed the increased prevalence of cancer incidents, particularly colorectal cancer, among type 2 diabetic mellitus patients. Antidiabetic medications such as, insulin, sulfonylureas, dipeptyl peptidase (DPP) 4 inhibitors and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GLP-1) analogues increased the additional risk of different cancers to diabetic patients. Conversely, metformin has drawn attention among physicians and researchers since its use as antidiabetic drug exhibited beneficial effect in the prevention and treatment of cancer in diabetic patients as well as an independent anticancer drug. This review aims to provide the comprehensive information on the use of metformin at preclinical and clinical stages among colorectal cancer patients. We highlight the efficacy of metformin as an anti-proliferative, chemopreventive, apoptosis inducing agent, adjuvant, and radio-chemosensitizer in various colorectal cancer models. This multifarious effects of metformin is largely attributed to its capability in modulating upstream and downstream molecular targets involved in apoptosis, autophagy, cell cycle, oxidative stress, inflammation, metabolic homeostasis, and epigenetic regulation. Moreover, the review highlights metformin intake and colorectal cancer risk based on different clinical and epidemiologic results from different gender and specific population background among diabetic and non-diabetic patients. The improved understanding of metformin as a potential chemotherapeutic drug or as neo-adjuvant will provide better information for it to be used globally as an affordable, well-tolerated, and effective anticancer agent for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhamad Noor Alfarizal Kamarudin
- Brain Research Institute Monash Sunway (BRIMS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Md. Moklesur Rahman Sarker
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, 77 Satmasjid Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1205 Bangladesh
- Health Med Science Research Limited, 3/1 Block F, Lalmatia, Mohammadpur, Dhaka, 1207 Bangladesh
| | - Jin-Rong Zhou
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Ishwar Parhar
- Brain Research Institute Monash Sunway (BRIMS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Malaysia
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19
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RA-XII Suppresses the Development and Growth of Liver Cancer by Inhibition of Lipogenesis via SCAP-dependent SREBP Supression. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24091829. [PMID: 31083642 PMCID: PMC6539016 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipogenesis plays a critical role in the growth and metastasis of tumors, which is becoming an attractive target for anti-tumor drugs. RA-XII, one of the cyclopeptide glycosides isolated from Rubia yunnanensis, exerts anti-tumor effects on liver cancer. However, the underlying mechanisms are not clear. In the present study, the effects of RA-XII on lipogenesis were evaluated and the underlying mechanisms were investigated. The results indicated that RA-XII strongly inhibited tumor growth and lipogenesis (triglycerides and lipid droplets) in HepG2 cells, and the expression of key factors involved in lipogenesis (SREBP, SCD, FASN) was also obviously downregulated. Further investigation showed that the anti-tumor effects of RA-XII were attenuated by SREBP knockdown. Moreover, RA-XII downregulated the expression of SREBP cleavage-activating protein (SCAP), an upstream regulator of SREBP, and siRNA of SCAP prevented its restrained effects on tumor growth and lipogenesis. In addition, the in vivo experiment showed that RA-XII strongly restrained the lipogenesis and growth of liver tumor in nude mice xenograft model. Taken together, these results indicate that RA-XII suppresses the liver cancer growth by inhibition of lipogenesis via SCAP-dependent SREBP suppression. The findings reveal the potentials of RA-XII to be used in a novel therapeutic approach for treating liver cancer.
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20
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The anticancer potential of metformin on prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2019; 22:351-361. [PMID: 30651580 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-018-0085-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) is characterized as the most frequent type of cancer in males. Recent research has suggested patients who have diabetes mellitus taking metformin (MF) have a lower risk of PCa. MF has antineoplastic effects such as adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent and independent mechanisms, suppression of androgen signaling pathway, and alterations of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) signaling pathways that cause the growth and proliferation of PCa. Based on epidemiological factors, patients with diabetes mellitus may have a protective effect on PCa. METHODS A literature search on MEDLINE® was conducted using a combined query of "prostate cancer" and "metformin" to yield publications unveiling the mechanisms of action, biological effects, epidemiological evidence, and research advances of MF with respect to PCa. RESULTS Evidence has shown that MF has multiple antineoplastic effects through AMPK-dependent and independent mechanisms, the alteration of IGF-1 signaling pathways, suppression of the androgen receptor pathway, inhibition of the mTOR pathway, and lipogenesis. Conduction of meta-analysis suggests mortality benefit to patients who exhibit PCa when taking MF. Clinical trials have shown evidence, demonstrating MF to improving significantly. CONCLUSIONS Herewith we review the literature regarding the numerous mechanisms of action of MF on PCa in order to decrease or repress the growth, proliferation, and differentiation of PCa cells. We analyze the molecular impacts of MF as well as adjunct therapies such as androgen deprivation therapy, aspirin, statin, or chemotherapy, proposing that MF may have a future role in the treatment protocol of PCa whether as a monotherapy or in combination with other drugs.
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21
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Nguyen MM, Martinez JA, Hsu CH, Sokoloff M, Krouse RS, Gibson BA, Nagle RB, Parnes HL, Cordova C, Chow HHS. Bioactivity and prostate tissue distribution of metformin in a preprostatectomy prostate cancer cohort. Eur J Cancer Prev 2018; 27:557-562. [PMID: 28692586 PMCID: PMC5756696 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Metformin has recently been shown to have potential to reduce prostate cancer risk. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to determine the modulating effects of metformin on tissue and systemic biomarkers of drug activity and its distribution into the prostate tissue. Twenty patients with prostate cancer scheduled to undergo prostatectomy were randomly assigned to receive either extended-release metformin or placebo for a median of 34 days before surgery. Prostatectomy and serum samples were analyzed for metformin concentrations, serum biomarkers of drug activity (prostate-specific antigen, insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3, sex hormone-binding globulin, and testosterone) and tissue biomarkers of proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, and mTOR inhibition. For participants in the metformin arm, the prostate tissue and serum metformin concentrations ranged from 0.88 to 51.2 μg/g tissue and from not detectable to 3.6 μg/ml, respectively. There were no differences between the two groups in either the postintervention tissue biomarker expression in the prostatectomy tissue or pre to postintervention changes in serum biomarkers. We conclude that metformin distributes to human prostate tissue, suggesting that metformin could exert its effects directly on tissue targets. However, there was no difference in tissue and systemic drug effect biomarkers between the two treatment arms. Future studies with longer intervention duration and larger sample size should be considered in order to evaluate the potential of metformin for prostate cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike M. Nguyen
- Department of Urology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jessica A. Martinez
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | | | | | - Robert S. Krouse
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ
- Southern Arizona VA Health Care System, Tucson, AZ
| | | | | | - Howard L. Parnes
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
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22
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Cariello M, Ducheix S, Maqdasy S, Baron S, Moschetta A, Lobaccaro JMA. LXRs, SHP, and FXR in Prostate Cancer: Enemies or Ménage à Quatre With AR? NUCLEAR RECEPTOR SIGNALING 2018; 15:1550762918801070. [PMID: 30718981 PMCID: PMC6348739 DOI: 10.1177/1550762918801070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Androgens and androgen receptor (AR, NR3C4) clearly play a crucial role in
prostate cancer progression. Besides, the link between metabolic disorders and
the risk of developing a prostate cancer has been emerging these last years.
Interestingly, “lipid” nuclear receptors such as LXRα/NR1H3 and LXRβ/NR1H2 (as
well as FXRα/NR1H4 and SHP/NR0B2) have been described to decrease the lipid
metabolism, while AR increases it. Moreover, these former orphan nuclear
receptors can regulate androgen levels and modulate AR activity. Thus, it is not
surprising to find such receptors involved in the physiology of prostate. This
review is focused on the roles of liver X receptors (LXRs), farnesoid X receptor
(FXR), and small heterodimeric partner (SHP) in prostate physiology and their
capabilities to interfere with the androgen-regulated pathways by modulating the
levels of active androgen within the prostate. By the use of prostate cancer
cell lines, mice deficient for these nuclear receptors and human tissue
libraries, several authors have pointed out the putative possibility to
pharmacologically target these receptors. These data open a new field of
research for the development of new drugs that could overcome the castration
resistance in prostate cancer, a usual phenomenon in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon Ducheix
- Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Roma, Italy
| | - Salwan Maqdasy
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,CHU Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Silvère Baron
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Antonio Moschetta
- "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Roma, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto Oncologico "Giovanni Paolo II," Bari, Italy
| | - Jean-Marc A Lobaccaro
- "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Roma, Italy.,Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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23
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Wu Y, Gao WN, Xue YN, Zhang LC, Zhang JJ, Lu SY, Yan XY, Yu HM, Su J, Sun LK. SIRT3 aggravates metformin-induced energy stress and apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells. Exp Cell Res 2018; 367:137-149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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24
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Gonzalez-Guerrico AM, Espinoza I, Schroeder B, Park CH, Kvp CM, Khurana A, Corominas-Faja B, Cuyàs E, Alarcón T, Kleer C, Menendez JA, Lupu R. Suppression of endogenous lipogenesis induces reversion of the malignant phenotype and normalized differentiation in breast cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:71151-71168. [PMID: 27223424 PMCID: PMC5342069 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The correction of specific signaling defects can reverse the oncogenic phenotype of tumor cells by acting in a dominant manner over the cancer genome. Unfortunately, there have been very few successful attempts at identifying the primary cues that could redirect malignant tissues to a normal phenotype. Here we show that suppression of the lipogenic enzyme fatty acid synthase (FASN) leads to stable reversion of the malignant phenotype and normalizes differentiation in a model of breast cancer (BC) progression. FASN knockdown dramatically reduced tumorigenicity of BC cells and restored tissue architecture, which was reminiscent of normal ductal-like structures in the mammary gland. Loss of FASN signaling was sufficient to direct tumors to a reversed phenotype that was near normal when considering the development of polarized growth-arrested acinar-like structure similar to those formed by nonmalignant breast cells in a 3D reconstituted basement membrane in vitro. This process, in vivo, resulted in a low proliferation index, mesenchymal-epithelial transition, and shut-off of the angiogenic switch in FASN-depleted BC cells orthotopically implanted into mammary fat pads. The role of FASN as a negative regulator of correct breast tissue architecture and terminal epithelial cell differentiation was dominant over the malignant phenotype of tumor cells possessing multiple cancer-driving genetic lesions as it remained stable during the course of serial in vivo passage of orthotopic tumor-derived cells. Transient knockdown of FASN suppressed hallmark structural and cytosolic/secretive proteins (vimentin, N-cadherin, fibronectin) in a model of EMT-induced cancer stem cells (CSC). Indirect pharmacological inhibition of FASN promoted a phenotypic switch from basal- to luminal-like tumorsphere architectures with reduced intrasphere heterogeneity. The fact that sole correction of exacerbated lipogenesis can stably reprogram cancer cells back to normal-like tissue architectures might open a new avenue to chronically restrain BC progression by using FASN-based differentiation therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatilde M Gonzalez-Guerrico
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Division of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ingrid Espinoza
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Barbara Schroeder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Division of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Cheol Hong Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Division of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Chandra Mohan Kvp
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Division of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ashwani Khurana
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Division of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Bruna Corominas-Faja
- ProCURE (Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance), Metabolism and Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Catalonia, Spain.,Molecular Oncology Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Cuyàs
- ProCURE (Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance), Metabolism and Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Catalonia, Spain.,Molecular Oncology Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | - Tomás Alarcón
- Computational and Mathematical Biology Research Group, Centre de Recerca Matemàtica (CRM), Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Matemàtiques, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain.,ICREA (Institució Catalana d'Estudis i Recerca Avançats), Barcelona, Spain.,Barcelona Graduate School of Mathematics (BGSMath), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Celina Kleer
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Javier A Menendez
- ProCURE (Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance), Metabolism and Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Catalonia, Spain.,Molecular Oncology Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | - Ruth Lupu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Division of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN, USA
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25
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Chemical genetics in tumor lipogenesis. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:1724-1729. [PMID: 29447918 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Since cancer cells depend on de novo lipogenesis for energy supply, highly active membrane biosynthesis and signaling, enhanced fatty acid synthesis is a crucial characteristic of cancer cells. Hence, targeting lipogenic enzymes and signaling cascades is a very promising approach in developing innovative therapeutic agents for the fight against cancer. This review summarizes main aspects of altered fatty acid synthesis in cancer cells and emphasizes the power of chemical genetic approaches in identifying and analyzing novel anti-cancer drug candidates interfering with lipid metabolism.
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26
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Cuyàs E, Fernández-Arroyo S, Alarcón T, Lupu R, Joven J, Menendez JA. Germline BRCA1 mutation reprograms breast epithelial cell metabolism towards mitochondrial-dependent biosynthesis: evidence for metformin-based "starvation" strategies in BRCA1 carriers. Oncotarget 2018; 7:52974-52992. [PMID: 27259235 PMCID: PMC5288162 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that women inheriting one germline mutation of the BRCA1 gene (“one-hit”) undergo cell-type-specific metabolic reprogramming that supports the high biosynthetic requirements of breast epithelial cells to progress to a fully malignant phenotype. Targeted metabolomic analysis was performed in isogenic pairs of nontumorigenic human breast epithelial cells in which the knock-in of 185delAG mutation in a single BRCA1 allele leads to genomic instability. Mutant BRCA1 one-hit epithelial cells displayed constitutively enhanced activation of biosynthetic nodes within mitochondria. This metabolic rewiring involved the increased incorporation of glutamine- and glucose-dependent carbon into tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolite pools to ultimately generate elevated levels of acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA, the major building blocks for lipid biosynthesis. The significant increase of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) including the anabolic trigger leucine, which can not only promote protein translation via mTOR but also feed into the TCA cycle via succinyl-CoA, further underscored the anabolic reprogramming of BRCA1 haploinsufficient cells. The anti-diabetic biguanide metformin “reversed” the metabolomic signature and anabolic phenotype of BRCA1 one-hit cells by shutting down mitochondria-driven generation of precursors for lipogenic pathways and reducing the BCAA pool for protein synthesis and TCA fueling. Metformin-induced restriction of mitochondrial biosynthetic capacity was sufficient to impair the tumor-initiating capacity of BRCA1 one-hit cells in mammosphere assays. Metabolic rewiring of the breast epithelium towards increased anabolism might constitute an unanticipated and inherited form of metabolic reprogramming linked to increased risk of oncogenesis in women bearing pathogenic germline BRCA1 mutations. The ability of metformin to constrain the production of mitochondrial-dependent biosynthetic intermediates might open a new avenue for “starvation” chemopreventive strategies in BRCA1 carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Cuyàs
- ProCURE (Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance), Metabolism and Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Catalonia, Spain.,Molecular Oncology Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Salvador Fernández-Arroyo
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus of International Excellence Southern Catalonia, Reus, Spain
| | - Tomás Alarcón
- Institució Catalana d'Estudis i Recerca Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.,Computational and Mathematical Biology Research Group, Centre de Recerca Matemàtic (CRM), Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Matemàtiques, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Barcelona Graduate School of Mathematics (BGSMath), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruth Lupu
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Division of Experimental Pathology, Rochester, MN, USA.,Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jorge Joven
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus of International Excellence Southern Catalonia, Reus, Spain
| | - Javier A Menendez
- ProCURE (Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance), Metabolism and Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Catalonia, Spain.,Molecular Oncology Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Catalonia, Spain
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27
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Andrzejewski S, Siegel PM, St-Pierre J. Metabolic Profiles Associated With Metformin Efficacy in Cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:372. [PMID: 30186229 PMCID: PMC6110930 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is one of the most commonly prescribed medications for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Numerous reports have suggested potential anti-cancerous and cancer preventive properties of metformin, although these findings vary depending on the intrinsic properties of the tumor, as well as the systemic physiology of patients. These intriguing studies have led to a renewed interest in metformin use in the oncology setting, and fueled research to unveil its elusive mode of action. It is now appreciated that metformin inhibits complex I of the electron transport chain in mitochondria, causing bioenergetic stress in cancer cells, and rendering them dependent on glycolysis for ATP production. Understanding the mode of action of metformin and the consequences of its use on cancer cell bioenergetics permits the identification of cancer types most susceptible to metformin action. Such knowledge may also shed light on the varying results to metformin usage that have been observed in clinical trials. In this review, we discuss metabolic profiles of cancer cells that are associated with metformin sensitivity, and rationalize combinatorial treatment options. We use the concept of bioenergetic flexibility, which has recently emerged in the field of cancer cell metabolism, to further understand metabolic rearrangements that occur upon metformin treatment. Finally, we advance the notion that metabolic fitness of cancer cells increases during progression to metastatic disease and the emergence of therapeutic resistance. As a result, sophisticated combinatorial approaches that prevent metabolic compensatory mechanisms will be required to effectively manage metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Andrzejewski
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Peter M. Siegel
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Julie St-Pierre
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, and Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Julie St-Pierre
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28
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Gong J, Kelekar G, Shen J, Shen J, Kaur S, Mita M. The expanding role of metformin in cancer: an update on antitumor mechanisms and clinical development. Target Oncol 2017; 11:447-67. [PMID: 26864078 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-016-0423-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metformin has been used for nearly a century to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. Epidemiologic studies first identified the association between metformin and reduced risk of several cancers. The anticancer mechanisms of metformin involve both indirect or insulin-dependent pathways and direct or insulin-independent pathways. Preclinical studies have demonstrated metformin's broad anticancer activity across a spectrum of malignancies. Prospective clinical trials involving metformin in the chemoprevention and treatment of cancer now number in the hundreds. We provide an update on the anticancer mechanisms of metformin and review the results thus far available from prospective clinical trials investigating metformin's efficacy in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Gong
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gauri Kelekar
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - James Shen
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John Shen
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sukhpreet Kaur
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Monica Mita
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Experimental Therapeutics Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, SCCT Mezzanine MS 35, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
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29
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Zingales V, Distefano A, Raffaele M, Zanghi A, Barbagallo I, Vanella L. Metformin: A Bridge between Diabetes and Prostate Cancer. Front Oncol 2017; 7:243. [PMID: 29075616 PMCID: PMC5641539 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) has become the most frequent type of cancer in men. Recent data suggest that diabetic patients taking metformin have a lower incidence of certain cancer, including PCa. Metformin is the most common drug used in type II diabetes mellitus; its use has been shown to lower the incidence of several cancers, although there are ambiguous data about the anticancer activity of metformin. A large number of studies examined the potential antineoplastic mechanism of metformin although it is not still completely understood. This review summarizes the literature concerning the effects of metformin on PCa cells, highlighting its numerous mechanisms of action through which it can act. We analyze the possible causes of the discordances regarding the impact of metformin on risk of PCa; we discuss the latest findings in this field, suggesting that metformin may have a future role in the management of PCa both as monotherapy and in combination with other drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Zingales
- Department of Drug Science, Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Alfio Distefano
- Department of Drug Science, Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Marco Raffaele
- Department of Drug Science, Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Zanghi
- Department of Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy
| | - Ignazio Barbagallo
- Department of Drug Science, Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Luca Vanella
- Department of Drug Science, Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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30
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Menendez JA, Lupu R. Fatty acid synthase (FASN) as a therapeutic target in breast cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2017; 21:1001-1016. [PMID: 28922023 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2017.1381087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ten years ago, we put forward the metabolo-oncogenic nature of fatty acid synthase (FASN) in breast cancer. Since the conception of this hypothesis, which provided a model to explain how FASN is intertwined with various signaling networks to cell-autonomously regulate breast cancer initiation and progression, FASN has received considerable attention as a therapeutic target. However, despite the ever-growing evidence demonstrating the involvement of FASN as part of the cancer-associated metabolic reprogramming, translation of the basic science-discovery aspects of FASN blockade to the clinical arena remains a challenge. Areas covered: Ten years later, we herein review the preclinical lessons learned from the pharmaceutical liabilities of the first generation of FASN inhibitors. We provide an updated view of the current development and clinical testing of next generation FASN-targeted drugs. We also discuss new clinico-molecular approaches that should help us to convert roadblocks into roadways that will propel forward our therapeutic understanding of FASN. Expert opinion: With the recent demonstration of target engagement and early signs of clinical activity with the first orally available, selective, potent and reversible FASN inhibitor, we can expect Big pharma to revitalize their interest in lipogenic enzymes as well-credentialed targets for oncology drug development in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier A Menendez
- a ProCURE (Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance) , Metabolism & Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology , Girona , Spain.,b Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI) , Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià , Girona , Spain
| | - Ruth Lupu
- c Department of Medicine and Experimental Pathology , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA.,d Mayo Clinic Cancer Center , Rochester , MN , USA
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Assessment of a prognostic model, PSA metrics and toxicities in metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer using data from Project Data Sphere (PDS). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170544. [PMID: 28151974 PMCID: PMC5289419 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prognostic models in metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) may have clinical utility. Using data from PDS, we aimed to 1) validate a contemporary prognostic model (Templeton et al., 2014) 2) evaluate prognostic impact of concomitant medications and PSA decrease 3) evaluate factors associated with docetaxel toxicity. Methods We accessed data on 2,449 mCRPC patients in PDS. The existing model was validated with a continuous risk score, time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and corresponding time-dependent Area under the Curve (tAUC). The prognostic effects of concomitant medications and PSA response were assessed by Cox proportional hazards models. One year tAUC was calculated for multivariable prognostic model optimized to our data. Conditional logistic regression models were used to assess associations with grade 3/4 adverse events (G3/4 AE) at baseline and after cycle 1 of treatment. Results Despite limitations of the PDS data set, the existing model was validated; one year AUC, was 0.68 (95% CI 95% CI, .66 to .71) to 0.78 (95%CI, .74 to .81) depending on the subset of datasets used. A new model was constructed with an AUC of .74 (.72 to .77). Concomitant medications low molecular weight heparin and warfarin were associated with poorer survival, Metformin and Cox2 inhibitors were associated with better outcome. PSA response was associated with survival, the effect of which was greatest early in follow-up. Age was associated with baseline risk of G3/4 AE. The odds of experiencing G3/4 AE later on in treatment were significantly greater for subjects who experienced a G3/4 AE in their first cycle (OR 3.53, 95% CI 2.53–4.91, p < .0001). Conclusion Despite heterogeneous data collection protocols, PDS provides access to large datasets for novel outcomes analysis. In this paper, we demonstrate its utility for validating existing models and novel model generation including the utility of concomitant medications in outcome analyses, as well as the effect of PSA response on survival and toxicity prediction.
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32
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Wang Q, Wu S, Zhu H, Ding Y, Dai X, Ouyang C, Han YM, Xie Z, Zou MH. Deletion of PRKAA triggers mitochondrial fission by inhibiting the autophagy-dependent degradation of DNM1L. Autophagy 2017; 13:404-422. [PMID: 28085543 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2016.1263776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PRKAA (protein kinase, AMP-activated, α catalytic subunit) regulates mitochondrial biogenesis, function, and turnover. However, the molecular mechanisms by which PRKAA regulates mitochondrial dynamics remain poorly characterized. Here, we report that PRKAA regulated mitochondrial fission via the autophagy-dependent degradation of DNM1L (dynamin 1-like). Deletion of Prkaa1/AMPKα1 or Prkaa2/AMPKα2 resulted in defective autophagy, DNM1L accumulation, and aberrant mitochondrial fragmentation in the mouse aortic endothelium. Furthermore, autophagy inhibition by chloroquine treatment or ATG7 small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection, upregulated DNM1L expression and triggered DNM1L-mediated mitochondrial fragmentation. In contrast, autophagy activation by overexpression of ATG7 or chronic administration of rapamycin, the MTOR inhibitor, promoted DNM1L degradation and attenuated mitochondrial fragmentation in Prkaa2-deficient (prkaa2-/-) mice, suggesting that defective autophagy contributes to enhanced DNM1L expression and mitochondrial fragmentation. Additionally, the autophagic receptor protein SQSTM1/p62, which bound to DNM1L and led to its translocation into the autophagosome, was involved in DNM1L degradation by the autophagy-lysosome pathway. Gene silencing of SQSTM1 markedly reduced the association between SQSTM1 and DNM1L, impaired the degradation of DNM1L, and enhanced mitochondrial fragmentation in PRKAA-deficient endothelial cells. Finally, the genetic (DNM1L siRNA) or pharmacological (mdivi-1) inhibition of DNMA1L ablated mitochondrial fragmentation in the mouse aortic endothelium and prevented the acetylcholine-induced relaxation of isolated mouse aortas. This suggests that aberrant DNM1L is responsible for enhanced mitochondrial fragmentation and endothelial dysfunction in prkaa knockout mice. Overall, our results show that PRKAA deletion promoted mitochondrial fragmentation in vascular endothelial cells by inhibiting the autophagy-dependent degradation of DNM1L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilong Wang
- a Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University , Atlanta , GA USA
| | - Shengnan Wu
- a Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University , Atlanta , GA USA
| | - Huaiping Zhu
- a Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University , Atlanta , GA USA
| | - Ye Ding
- a Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University , Atlanta , GA USA
| | - Xiaoyan Dai
- a Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University , Atlanta , GA USA
| | - Changhan Ouyang
- a Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University , Atlanta , GA USA
| | - Young-Min Han
- a Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University , Atlanta , GA USA
| | - Zhonglin Xie
- a Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University , Atlanta , GA USA
| | - Ming-Hui Zou
- a Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University , Atlanta , GA USA
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33
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High efficacy of intravesical treatment of metformin on bladder cancer in preclinical model. Oncotarget 2016; 7:9102-17. [PMID: 26802022 PMCID: PMC4891029 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Anticancer potential of metformin has been extensively studied. However, its anticancer clinical use remains yet to be approved since sufficient concentration on target organs could not be achieved via conventional administration. To overcome this drawback, we aim to examine the efficiency of novel intravesical treatment of metformin on syngeneic orthotopic preclinical model. Three human and one murine bladder cancer cell lines were tested in vitro for inhibitory sensitivity by MTT and cologenic assays. AMPK pathway including AKT, Erk and S6K was examined by western blot and further explored by regulating activated levels using specific inhibitors. In vivo efficacy was determined by Kaplan-Meier survival curves and measurements of body and bladder weights plus tumor biomarkers. Lactic acid and metformin levels of plasma were measured by standard procedures. The results demonstrated that metformin activated AMPK and decreased phosphorylation of Akt and Erk. Furthermore, combinations of metformin with either Akt or Erk inhibitors synergistically diminished cancer proliferation, suggesting the involvement of Akt- and Erk- related pathways. Intravesical metformin 26 and 104 mg/kg, twice per week demonstrated a rapid elimination of the implanted tumor without any evidence of toxicity. In contrast, oral treatment at a dose of 800mg/kg/d exhibited little efficacy whereas severe toxicity existed if the dosage is higher. Collectively, intravesical metformin displays potent inhibition on bladder cancer in vitro and this preclinical study reveals the profound therapeutic application of metformin with durable tolerance via intravesical administration route.
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34
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Hankinson SJ, Fam M, Patel NN. A review for clinicians: Prostate cancer and the antineoplastic properties of metformin. Urol Oncol 2016; 35:21-29. [PMID: 27836248 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Metformin has numerous antineoplastic effects including an AMP-activated protein kinase-dependent mechanism, AMP-activated protein kinase-independent mechanisms, alteration of insulin and insulin-like growth factor signaling pathways, and suppression of androgen signaling pathways that trigger prostate cancer growth and proliferation. In contrast to other malignancies that are associated with increased incidence among patients with obesity and type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM), epidemiological studies suggest that obesity and T2DM may impart a protective effect on prostate cancer incidence by creating a set of metabolic conditions that lower androgen levels. METHODS AND MATERIALS The PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched using the terms "prostate cancer," "metformin," "antineoplastic," "antitumorigenic," and "diabetes" up to the first week of August 2016. Articles regarding metformin's antineoplastic properties on prostate cancer were reviewed. RESULTS Treating T2DM with metformin may reverse the metabolic conditions that suppress androgen levels, thereby enabling higher levels of androgens to stimulate prostate growth, proliferation, and tumorigenesis. Thus, the antineoplastic properties of metformin may not be appreciable in the early stages of prostate cancer development because metformin corrects for the metabolic conditions of T2DM that impart a protective effect on prostate cancer. These findings, although inconclusive, do not support the use of metformin as a preventive agent for prostate cancer. However, the future appears bright for metformin as either a monotherapy or an adjunct to androgen deprivation therapy, external-beam radiation therapy, prostatectomy, or chemotherapy. Support for this includes meta-analyses that suggest a mortality benefit to patients with prostate cancer on metformin, a clinical trial that demonstrates metformin leads to significant improvement in metabolic syndrome parameters for patients with prostate cancer on androgen deprivation therapy, and a clinical trial that shows metformin has modest activity in the treatment of some patients with asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. CONCLUSIONS This review summarizes the literature regarding the antineoplastic mechanisms, clinical implications, and future trajectory of clinical research for metformin in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mina Fam
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Nitin N Patel
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
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Luo J, Hong Y, Tao X, Wei X, Zhang L, Li Q. An indispensable role of CPT-1a to survive cancer cells during energy stress through rewiring cancer metabolism. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:10.1007/s13277-016-5382-6. [PMID: 27739027 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5382-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike normal cells, cancer cells are recently identified to rely on aerobic glycolysis for energy production called the Warburg effect. Several attempts are being made to target this metabolic reprogramming pathway in treating cancers; however, the successful rate is very limited. In this study, we investigated the functional roles of fatty acid oxidation key enzyme carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1a (CPT-1a), during the metabolic programming of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells induced by glucose deprivation. Knockdown of CPT-1a decreased the intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and glutathione (GSH) generation, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and induced sensitivity to glucose deprivation, whereas upregulation of CPT-1a increased the intracellular ATP required for cell survival. Further investigation showed that CPT-1a inhibitor etomoxir (ETO) can restore the sensitivity of PDAC cells to gemcitabine and regress xenograft tumors in vivo. Finally, overexpression of CPT-1a expression is associated with chemoresistance in tumor specimens. Our data suggest that CPT-1a plays a key role in reprogramming cancer metabolism to escape from energy stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingtao Luo
- The Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yun Hong
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China
| | - Xiaoan Tao
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China
| | - Xi Wei
- The Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Lun Zhang
- The Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Qiang Li
- The Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China.
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Menendez JA, Martin-Castillo B, Joven J. Metformin and cancer: Quo vadis et cui bono? Oncotarget 2016; 7:54096-54101. [PMID: 27356748 PMCID: PMC5342329 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
How many lives have already been saved by the anti-cancer drug metformin? Inadvertently perhaps, among the millions of type 2 diabetics with occult or known cancers and who have been prescribed metformin since the 1950s, thousands may have benefited from the anticancer properties of this first-line pharmacotherapy. Quo vadis? Now, researchers aim to move metformin from a non-targeted stage of cancer therapy that has been mostly developed retrospectively and empirically into a targeted therapy by following a biological rationale and a predefined mechanism of action. But, who might benefit from metformin? Cui bono? Because metformin is on the leading edge of a new generation of cancer metabolism-targeted therapies, perhaps it is the right time to provide solutions to the challenges that metformin and other onco-biguanides will face in the coming years before becoming incorporated into the therapeutic armamentarium against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier A. Menendez
- Metabolism and Cancer Group, ProCURE (Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
- Molecular Oncology Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Begoña Martin-Castillo
- Molecular Oncology Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Catalonia, Spain
- Unit of Clinical Research, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jorge Joven
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus of International Excellence Southern Catalonia, Reus, Spain
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Sayyid RK, Fleshner NE. Potential role for metformin in urologic oncology. Investig Clin Urol 2016; 57:157-64. [PMID: 27195314 PMCID: PMC4869570 DOI: 10.4111/icu.2016.57.3.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is one of the most commonly used drugs worldwide. It is currently considered first-line pharmacological agent for management of diabetes mellitus type 2. Recent studies have suggested that metformin may have further benefits, especially in the field of urologic oncology. Use of metformin has been shown to be associated with decreased incidence and improved outcomes of prostate, bladder, and kidney cancer. These studies suggest that metformin does have a future role in the prevention and management of urologic malignancies. In this review, we will discuss the latest findings in this field and its implications on the management of urologic oncology patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neil Eric Fleshner
- Department of Urology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Papanagnou P, Stivarou T, Tsironi M. Unexploited Antineoplastic Effects of Commercially Available Anti-Diabetic Drugs. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2016; 9:ph9020024. [PMID: 27164115 PMCID: PMC4932542 DOI: 10.3390/ph9020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of efficacious antitumor compounds with minimal toxicity is a hot research topic. Numerous cancer cell targeted agents are evaluated daily in laboratories for their antitumorigenicity at the pre-clinical level, but the process of their introduction into the market is costly and time-consuming. More importantly, even if these new antitumor agents manage to gain approval, clinicians have no former experience with them. Accruing evidence supports the idea that several medications already used to treat pathologies other than cancer display pleiotropic effects, exhibiting multi-level anti-cancer activity and chemosensitizing properties. This review aims to present the anticancer properties of marketed drugs (i.e., metformin and pioglitazone) used for the management of diabetes mellitus (DM) type II. Mode of action, pre-clinical in vitro and in vivo or clinical data as well as clinical applicability are discussed here. Given the precious multi-year clinical experience with these non-antineoplastic drugs their repurposing in oncology is a challenging alternative that would aid towards the development of therapeutic schemes with less toxicity than those of conventional chemotherapeutic agents. More importantly, harnessing the antitumor function of these agents would save precious time from bench to bedside to aid the fight in the arena of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Papanagnou
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Human Movement and Quality of Life Sciences, University of Peloponnese, Orthias Artemidos and Plateon St, Sparti GR-23100, Greece.
| | - Theodora Stivarou
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Human Movement and Quality of Life Sciences, University of Peloponnese, Orthias Artemidos and Plateon St, Sparti GR-23100, Greece.
| | - Maria Tsironi
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Human Movement and Quality of Life Sciences, University of Peloponnese, Orthias Artemidos and Plateon St, Sparti GR-23100, Greece.
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Matrix metalloproteinase 11 protects from diabesity and promotes metabolic switch. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25140. [PMID: 27126782 PMCID: PMC4850390 DOI: 10.1038/srep25140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
MMP11 overexpression is a bad prognostic factor in various human carcinomas. Interestingly, this proteinase is not expressed in malignant cells themselves but is secreted by adjacent non-malignant mesenchymal/stromal cells, such as cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and adipocytes (CAAs), which favors cancer cell survival and progression. As MMP11 negatively regulates adipogenesis in vitro, we hypothesized that it may play a role in whole body metabolism and energy homeostasis. We used an in vivo gain- (Mmp11-Tg mice) and loss- (Mmp11−/− mice) of-function approach to address the systemic function of MMP11. Strikingly, MMP11 overexpression protects against type 2 diabetes while Mmp11−/− mice exhibit hallmarks of metabolic syndrome. Moreover, Mmp11-Tg mice were protected from diet-induced obesity and display mitochondrial dysfunction, due to oxidative stress, and metabolic switch from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis. This Warburg-like effect observed in adipose tissues might provide a rationale for the deleterious impact of CAA-secreted MMP11, favouring tumor progression. MMP11 overexpression also leads to increased circulating IGF1 levels and the activation of the IGF1/AKT/FOXO1 cascade, an important metabolic signalling pathway. Our data reveal a major role for MMP11 in controlling energy metabolism, and provide new clues for understanding the relationship between metabolism, cancer progression and patient outcome.
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Chen X, Li C, He T, Mao J, Li C, Lyu J, Meng QH. Metformin inhibits prostate cancer cell proliferation, migration, and tumor growth through upregulation of PEDF expression. Cancer Biol Ther 2016; 17:507-14. [PMID: 26987032 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2016.1156273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin has been reported to inhibit the growth of various types of cancers, including prostate cancer. Yet the mode of anti-cancer action of metformin and the underlying mechanisms remain not fully elucidated. We hypothesized that the antitumorigenic effects of metformin are mediated through upregulation of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) expression in prostate cancer cells. In this report, metformin treatment significantly inhibited the proliferation and colony formation of prostate cancer cells, in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Meanwhile, Metformin markedly suppressed migration and invasion and induced apoptosis of both LNCaP and PC3 cancer cells. Metformin also reduced PC3 tumor growth in BALB/c nude mice in vivo. Furthermore, metformin treatment was associated with higher PEDF expression in both prostate cancer cells and tumor tissue. Taken together, metformin inhibits prostate cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion and tumor growth, and these activities are mediated by upregulation of PEDF expression. These findings provide a novel insight into the molecular functions of metformin as an anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowan Chen
- a Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Chenli Li
- a Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Tiantian He
- a Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Jiating Mao
- a Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Chunmei Li
- a Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Jianxin Lyu
- a Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Qing H Meng
- b Department of Laboratory Medicine , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
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Metformin Decouples Phospholipid Metabolism in Breast Cancer Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151179. [PMID: 26959405 PMCID: PMC4784930 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The antidiabetic drug metformin, currently undergoing trials for cancer treatment, modulates lipid and glucose metabolism both crucial in phospholipid synthesis. Here the effect of treatment of breast tumour cells with metformin on phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) metabolism which plays a key role in membrane synthesis and intracellular signalling has been examined. METHODS MDA-MB-468, BT474 and SKBr3 breast cancer cell lines were treated with metformin and [3H-methyl]choline and [14C(U)]glucose incorporation and lipid accumulation determined in the presence and absence of lipase inhibitors. Activities of choline kinase (CK), CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyl transferase (CCT) and PtdCho-phospholipase C (PLC) were also measured. [3H] Radiolabelled metabolites were determined using thin layer chromatography. RESULTS Metformin-treated cells exhibited decreased formation of [3H]phosphocholine but increased accumulation of [3H]choline by PtdCho. CK and PLC activities were decreased and CCT activity increased by metformin-treatment. [14C] incorporation into fatty acids was decreased and into glycerol was increased in breast cancer cells treated with metformin incubated with [14C(U)]glucose. CONCLUSION This is the first study to show that treatment of breast cancer cells with metformin induces profound changes in phospholipid metabolism.
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Bost F, Decoux-Poullot AG, Tanti JF, Clavel S. Energy disruptors: rising stars in anticancer therapy? Oncogenesis 2016; 5:e188. [PMID: 26779810 PMCID: PMC4728676 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2015.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolic features of tumor cells diverge from those of normal cells. Otto Warburg was the first to observe that cancer cells dramatically increase their glucose consumption to generate ATP. He also claimed that cancer cells do not have functional mitochondria or oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) but simply rely on glycolysis to provide ATP to the cell, even in the presence of oxygen (aerobic glycolysis). Several studies have revisited this observation and demonstrated that most cancer cells contain metabolically efficient mitochondria. Indeed, to sustain high proliferation rates, cancer cells require functional mitochondria to provide ATP and intermediate metabolites, such as citrate and cofactors, for anabolic reactions. This difference in metabolism between normal and tumors cells causes the latter to be more sensitive to agents that can disrupt energy homeostasis. In this review, we focus on energy disruptors, such as biguanides, 2-deoxyglucose and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide, that interfere with the main metabolic pathways of the cells, OXPHOS, glycolysis and glutamine metabolism. We discuss the preclinical data and the mechanisms of action of these disruptors at the cellular and molecular levels. Finally, we consider whether these drugs can reasonably contribute to the antitumoral therapeutic arsenal in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bost
- INSERM, C3M, U1065, Team Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes, Nice, France.,Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, C3M, U1065, Nice, France
| | - A-G Decoux-Poullot
- INSERM, C3M, U1065, Team Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes, Nice, France.,Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, C3M, U1065, Nice, France
| | - J F Tanti
- INSERM, C3M, U1065, Team Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes, Nice, France.,Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, C3M, U1065, Nice, France
| | - S Clavel
- INSERM, C3M, U1065, Team Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes, Nice, France.,Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, C3M, U1065, Nice, France
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Tsutsumi Y, Nomiyama T, Kawanami T, Hamaguchi Y, Terawaki Y, Tanaka T, Murase K, Motonaga R, Tanabe M, Yanase T. Combined Treatment with Exendin-4 and Metformin Attenuates Prostate Cancer Growth. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139709. [PMID: 26439622 PMCID: PMC4595004 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recently, the pleiotropic benefits of incretin-based therapy have been reported. We have previously reported that Exendin-4, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, attenuates prostate cancer growth. Metformin is known for its anti-cancer effect. Here, we examined the anti-cancer effect of Exendin-4 and metformin using a prostate cancer model. METHODS Prostate cancer cells were treated with Exendin-4 and/or metformin. Cell proliferation was quantified by growth curves and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) assay. TUNEL assay and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation were examined in LNCaP cells. For in vivo experiments, LNCaP cells were transplanted subcutaneously into the flank region of athymic mice, which were then treated with Exendin-4 and/or metformin. TUNEL assay and immunohistochemistry were performed on tumors. RESULTS Exendin-4 and metformin additively decreased the growth curve, but not the migration, of prostate cancer cells. The BrdU assay revealed that both Exendin-4 and metformin significantly decreased prostate cancer cell proliferation. Furthermore, metformin, but not Exendin-4, activated AMPK and induced apoptosis in LNCaP cells. The anti-proliferative effect of metformin was abolished by inhibition or knock down of AMPK. In vivo, Exendin-4 and metformin significantly decreased tumor size, and further significant tumor size reduction was observed after combined treatment. Immunohistochemistry on tumors revealed that the P504S and Ki67 expression decreased by Exendin-4 and/or metformin, and that metformin increased phospho-AMPK expression and the apoptotic cell number. CONCLUSION These data suggest that Exendin-4 and metformin attenuated prostate cancer growth by inhibiting proliferation, and that metformin inhibited proliferation by inducing apoptosis. Combined treatment with Exendin-4 and metformin attenuated prostate cancer growth more than separate treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Tsutsumi
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814–0180, Japan
| | - Takashi Nomiyama
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814–0180, Japan
| | - Takako Kawanami
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814–0180, Japan
| | - Yuriko Hamaguchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814–0180, Japan
| | - Yuichi Terawaki
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814–0180, Japan
| | - Tomoko Tanaka
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814–0180, Japan
| | - Kunitaka Murase
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814–0180, Japan
| | - Ryoko Motonaga
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814–0180, Japan
| | - Makito Tanabe
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814–0180, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Yanase
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814–0180, Japan
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