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Li Y, Liu J, Qi L, Yuan X, Yang K, Ren Y, Shi Q, Xu G, Wang W, Luo C, Wang L, Liang W, He Z, Zhou W, Fei J, Chen W, Gu W, Li F, Hu J. Spatial heterogeneity and prognostic significance of TAMs and TILs infiltrates in different staging esophageal squamous carcinoma. Dig Liver Dis 2024:S1590-8658(24)00922-8. [PMID: 39181823 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2024.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognostic value and clinical relevance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remain unclear. AIMS To investigate the prognostic value and functional involvement of TILs in ESCC. METHODS We included 40 patients across different stages of ESCC from Xinjiang. Multiplex fluorescent immunohistochemistry characterized TILs and TAMs. TILs in different tumor regions were quantified and correlated with overall survival (OS) using log-rank test and Cox regression analyses. RESULTS Invasive ESCC exhibited increased CD4 T cells and Tregs compared to carcinoma in situ, with a higher Tregs/CD4 T cells ratio (p < 0.05). TAMs, primarily in stromal regions, were significantly associated with Foxp3+ cells (p < 0.05). Higher infiltration of stromal TAMs and a higher CD4/CD8 T cells ratio correlated with poorer OS, while a higher CD8 T/Foxp3+ cells ratio indicated better survival. Multivariate Cox analysis revealed TNM stage, tumor length, and stromal CD4/CD8 T cells ratio as independent prognostic factors (p < 0.05). An immune prognostic risk score-based nomogram was constructed to predict patient outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The spatial distribution and abundance of TILs significantly correlated with prognosis, providing a useful immune classification for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Li
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of Medicine / Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University, Xinjiang 832002, China; Medical Research Center & Department of Pathology, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of Medicine / Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University, Xinjiang 832002, China
| | - Liwen Qi
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Xinjiang 832002, China
| | - Xin Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of Medicine / Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University, Xinjiang 832002, China
| | - Kaige Yang
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of Medicine / Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University, Xinjiang 832002, China
| | - Yilin Ren
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of Medicine / Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University, Xinjiang 832002, China
| | - Qi Shi
- Medical Research Center & Department of Pathology, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Guixuan Xu
- Medical Research Center & Department of Pathology, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Weinan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of Medicine / Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University, Xinjiang 832002, China
| | - Chenghua Luo
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of Medicine / Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University, Xinjiang 832002, China
| | - Lianghai Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of Medicine / Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University, Xinjiang 832002, China
| | - Weihua Liang
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of Medicine / Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University, Xinjiang 832002, China
| | - Zengtao He
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of Medicine / Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University, Xinjiang 832002, China
| | - Wenhu Zhou
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Jing Fei
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Weigang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Xinjiang 832002, China
| | - Wenyi Gu
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of Medicine / Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University, Xinjiang 832002, China; Medical Research Center & Department of Pathology, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China.
| | - Jianming Hu
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of Medicine / Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University, Xinjiang 832002, China.
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2
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Mager LF, Krause T, McCoy KD. Interaction of microbiota, mucosal malignancies, and immunotherapy-Mechanistic insights. Mucosal Immunol 2024; 17:402-415. [PMID: 38521413 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2024.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
The microbiome has emerged as a crucial modulator of host-immune interactions and clearly impacts tumor development and therapy efficacy. The microbiome is a double-edged sword in cancer development and therapy as both pro-tumorigenic and anti-tumorigenic bacterial taxa have been identified. The staggering number of association-based studies in various tumor types has led to an enormous amount of data that makes it difficult to identify bacteria that promote tumor development or modulate therapy efficacy from bystander bacteria. Here we aim to comprehensively summarize the current knowledge of microbiome-host immunity interactions and cancer therapy in various mucosal tissues to find commonalities and thus identify potential functionally relevant bacterial taxa. Moreover, we also review recent studies identifying specific bacteria and mechanisms through which the microbiome modulates cancer development and therapy efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas F Mager
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tübingen, Germany; M3 Research Center for Malignom, Metabolome and Microbiome, Faculty of Medicine University Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tim Krause
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tübingen, Germany; M3 Research Center for Malignom, Metabolome and Microbiome, Faculty of Medicine University Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kathy D McCoy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
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3
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Liu B, Liu Z, Gao C. Relationship Between CD8+ T Cells and Prognosis of Esophageal Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Mol Biotechnol 2024; 66:138-150. [PMID: 37060513 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00733-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), especially CD8+ T cells, play an important role in the process of anti-tumor immune response and are significantly correlated with the prognosis of esophageal cancer (EC), but there are also inconsistent conclusions. This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the relationship between invasive CD8+ T cells and the prognosis in patients with EC through meta-analysis, and to provide a basis for prognosis and immunotherapy for EC. Articles related to CD8+ T cells and EC prognosis in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and CNKI were searched. Cancer specific survival (CSS), overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) served as endpoint events. Besides, Stata15.0 was adopted for meta-analysis, and hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) for calculation of combined effect sizes. Total 547 articles were retrieved and 27 articles were finally enrolled, including 3988 cases of EC patients. Meta-analysis showed that high CD8 expression levels in tumor tissues, especially those in cancer nests, were associated with longer OS (HR = 0.74, 95% CI 0.67-0.81) and DFS (HR = 0.90, 95% CI 0.85-0.95) in EC patients (P < 0.05). CD8+ T cells play an important role in the prognosis of EC patients and are indispensable components for the immune score of EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zeyuan Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanjing Jiangning Hospital (The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University), Nanjing, 211000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Gao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, China.
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4
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Tan B, Wang N, Yang S, Liu H, Cheng Y. Irradiation Induces Gasdermin E-Triggered Tumor Immunity to Inhibit Esophageal Carcinoma Cell Survival. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:46438-46449. [PMID: 38107880 PMCID: PMC10720026 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Gasdermin E (GSDME), an executor of pyroptosis, can be activated by caspase-3 and has been recognized as a tumor suppressor in various human cancers. In addition, caspase-3/GSDME signal-induced pyroptosis is a form of immunogenic cell death (ICD). In this study, we aimed to understand the association between radiotherapy and caspase-3/GSDME signal-related ICD in esophageal carcinoma (EC) cells. The expression of caspase-3 and GSDME in two EC cell lines, ECA-109 and KYSE-150, was silenced or overexpressed by transfection with specific siRNAs or overexpression vectors. Cells were subjected to 0-8 Gy irradiation, and cell death was evaluated by CCK-8 assay, annexin V-FITC staining, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) detection kit, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence. Irradiation in both EC cell lines promoted dose-dependent viability loss and apoptosis. More specifically, 8 Gy X-ray increased the apoptosis rate from 4.1 to 12.8% in ECA-109 cells and from 4.6 to 21.1% in KYSE-150 cells. In irradiated EC cells, the levels of LDH release and caspase-3/GSDME cleavage were increased. Caspase-3 silencing inhibited irradiation-induced GSDME cleavage and EC cell death. Furthermore, we identified the death of EC cells suppressed by caspase-3 siRNA, and the levels of CRT, HMGB1, HSP70, and HSP90 were also markedly downregulated by caspase-3 siRNA. Similarly, GSDME silencing diminished irradiation-induced EC cell death and the levels of ICD markers. Overexpression of caspase-3 and GSDME accelerated irradiation-induced ICD. In summary, irradiation in EC cells induces GSDME-mediated pyroptosis and activates ICD to inhibit esophageal carcinoma cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxu Tan
- Department
of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of
Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nana Wang
- Department
of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of
Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shengsi Yang
- Department
of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of
Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department
of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of
Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yufeng Cheng
- Department
of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of
Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
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5
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Cancemi G, Cicero N, Allegra A, Gangemi S. Effect of Diet and Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Lymphoproliferative Disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1674. [PMID: 37759977 PMCID: PMC10525385 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphomas are a heterogeneous group of pathologies that result from clonal proliferation of lymphocytes. They are classified into Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma; the latter develops as a result of B, T, or NK cells undergoing malignant transformation. It is believed that diet can modulate cellular redox state and that oxidative stress is implicated in lymphomagenesis by acting on several biological mechanisms; in fact, oxidative stress can generate a state of chronic inflammation through the activation of various transcription factors, thereby increasing the production of proinflammatory cytokines and causing overstimulation of B lymphocytes in the production of antibodies and possible alterations in cellular DNA. The purpose of our work is to investigate the results of in vitro and in vivo studies on the possible interaction between lymphomas, oxidative stress, and diet. A variety of dietary regimens and substances introduced with the diet that may have antioxidant and antiproliferative effects were assessed. The possibility of using nutraceuticals as novel anticancer agents is discussed; although the use of natural substances in lymphoma therapy is an interesting field of study, further studies are needed to define the efficacy of different nutraceuticals before introducing them into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Cancemi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy; (G.C.); (A.A.)
| | - Nicola Cicero
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy; (G.C.); (A.A.)
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy;
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6
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Yang L, Zhao Q, Wang X, Pilapong C, Li Y, Zou J, Jin J, Rong J. Investigation on the regulatory T cells signature and relevant Foxp3/STAT3 axis in esophageal cancer. Cancer Med 2023; 12:4993-5008. [PMID: 36226375 PMCID: PMC9972178 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have an important role in accelerating the immunosuppression of tumor. Tregs regulation is a hopeful strategy to improve the dismal prognosis of Esophageal cancer (EC), while its mechanisms have not yet been fully clarified. METHODS To characterize the role of Tregs in EC, we comprehensively explored its prognostic value, clinical pathology partnership, related biological functions and potential mechanisms at transcriptome level. Through the integrated analysis of GEO and TCGA datasets, we comprehensively evaluated the Tregs infiltration patterns in EC patients. The correlation between Tregs infiltration and genomic characteristics, as well as biological functions were analyzed by a variety of computational algorithms. RESULTS We observed that Tregs were significantly upregulated in EC and involved in various immune processes. According to TCGA and GEO transcriptional classification schemes, Tregs specific genes were observed to be highly expressed in tumor samples, as well as were closely associated with poor prognosis and worse clinical outcomes. In addition, EC patients can be stratified into high-risk and low-risk immune subgroups according to Tregs/macrophages infiltration level, and the results showed significant differences in tumor development, biological processes and probe gene expression pattern. The multi-variate analysis revealed that the interaction between STAT3 and Foxp3 was a potential prognostic signature of Tregs in EC, especially the modulation effect of STAT3 on Foxp3 expression, which has not been well studied in EC. We also identified that STAT3 and Foxp3 expression presented a high accuracy in predicting Tregs infiltration level in EC patients (AUC: 0.817; 95% CI: 0.756-0.878). CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed that Tregs have the potential to predict prognosis and tumor deterioration in EC patients. A comprehensive landscape of Tregs regulation mechanisms will help us interpret the immunosuppression of tumor microenvironment (TME) and novel strategies for EC immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- Department of Oncology, The Second People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qijie Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Center of Excellence for Molecular Imaging (CEMI), Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Xing Wang
- Shichuan Nursing Vocational College, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chalermchai Pilapong
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Imaging (CEMI), Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Oncology, The Second People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zou
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Jin
- Department of Oncology, The Second People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinfeng Rong
- Department of Oncology, The Second People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, People's Republic of China
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7
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Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Changing the Treatment Landscape in Esophagogastric Adenocarcinoma. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16010102. [PMID: 36678598 PMCID: PMC9865965 DOI: 10.3390/ph16010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In the West, recent decades have demonstrated an epidemiological trend towards esophago-gastric adenocarcinomas (EGAC), with considerable associated mortality. Historically, chemotherapy has represented the sole systemic treatment option in the advanced EGAC setting, in addition to complementing the role of surgery and radiotherapy in the case of localized disease. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) represent a novel systemic therapeutic choice and have revolutionized the management of other malignancies, including melanoma and renal cell carcinomas. This article considers the rationale for ICIs in EGAC, reviews the evidence supporting their role in the current standard of care in EGAC, and briefly considers ongoing trials and future directions for the ICI class in EGAC.
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8
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Dizaji Asl K, Mazloumi Z, Majidi G, Kalarestaghi H, Sabetkam S, Rafat A. NK cell dysfunction is linked with disease severity in SARS-CoV-2 patients. Cell Biochem Funct 2022; 40:559-568. [PMID: 35833321 PMCID: PMC9350078 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 first raised from Wuhan City, Hubei Province in November 2019. The respiratory disorder, cough, weakness, fever are the main clinical symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Natural Killer (NK) cells as a first defense barrier of innate immune system have an essential role in early defense against pulmonary virus. They kill the infected cells by inducing apoptosis or the degranulation of perforin and granzymes. Collectively, NK cells function are coordinated by the transmitted signals from activating and inhibitory receptors. It is clear that the cytotoxic function of NK cells is disrupted in COVID-19 patients due to the dysregulation of activating and inhibitory receptors. Therefore, better understanding of the activating and inhibitory receptors mechanism could facilitate the treatment strategy in clinic. To improve the efficacy of immunotherapy in COVID-19 patients, the functional detail of NK cell and manipulation of their key checkpoints are gathered in current review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh Dizaji Asl
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Tabriz Valiasr HospitalTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Department of Histopathology and Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz BranchIslamic Azad UniversityTabrizIran
| | - Zeinab Mazloumi
- Department of Medical Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical SciencesTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Ghazal Majidi
- Faculty of MedicineTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Hossein Kalarestaghi
- Research Laboratory for Embryology and Stem Cell, Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of MedicineArdabil University of Medical SciencesArdabilIran
| | - Shahnaz Sabetkam
- Department of Histopathology and Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz BranchIslamic Azad UniversityTabrizIran
| | - Ali Rafat
- Department of Anatomical SciencesTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Anatomical Sciences Research CenterKashan University of Medical SciencesKashanIran
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9
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Le Naour J, Sztupinszki Z, Carbonnier V, Casiraghi O, Marty V, Galluzzi L, Szallasi Z, Kroemer G, Vacchelli E. A loss-of-function polymorphism in ATG16L1 compromises therapeutic outcome in head and neck carcinoma patients. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2059878. [PMID: 35481288 PMCID: PMC9037530 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2059878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The anticancer immune response is shaped by immunogenic cell stress and death pathways. Thus, cancer cells can release danger-associated molecular patterns that act on pattern recognition receptors expressed by dendritic cells and their precursors to elicit an antitumor immune response. Here, we investigated the impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes affecting this cancer-immunity dialogue in the context of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We observed that homozygosity for a loss-of-function SNP (rs2241880, leading to the substitution of a threonine residue in position 300 by an alanine) affecting autophagy related 16 like 1 (ATG16L1) is coupled to poor progression-free survival in platinum-treated HNSCC patients. This result was obtained on a cohort of patients enrolled at the Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus and was validated on an independent cohort of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Homozygosity in rs2241880 is well known to predispose to Crohn’s disease, and epidemiological associations between Crohn’s disease and HNSCC have been reported at the levels of cancer incidence and prognosis. We speculate that rs2241880 might be partially responsible for this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Le Naour
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Sud, Paris Saclay, Faculty of Medicine Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Zsofia Sztupinszki
- Computational Health Informatics Program (CHIP), Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vincent Carbonnier
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Sud, Paris Saclay, Faculty of Medicine Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Odile Casiraghi
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical and Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - Virginie Marty
- Experimental and Translational Pathology Platform (PETRA), AMMICa Inserm US23/UMS CNRS3655, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zoltan Szallasi
- Computational Health Informatics Program (CHIP), Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEMAP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Pôle de Biologie, Paris, France
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Erika Vacchelli
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
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10
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Wang D, Cabalag CS, Clemons NJ, DuBois RN. Cyclooxygenases and Prostaglandins in Tumor Immunology and Microenvironment of Gastrointestinal Cancer. Gastroenterology 2021; 161:1813-1829. [PMID: 34606846 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a known risk factor for gastrointestinal cancer. The evidence that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs suppress the incidence, growth, and metastasis of gastrointestinal cancer supports the concept that a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug target, cyclooxygenase, and its downstream bioactive lipid products may provide one of the links between inflammation and cancer. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that the cyclooxygenase-2-prostaglandin E2 pathway can promote gastrointestinal cancer development. Although the role of this pathway in cancer has been investigated extensively for 2 decades, only recent studies have described its effects on host defenses against transformed epithelial cells. Overcoming tumor-immune evasion remains one of the major challenges in cancer immunotherapy. This review summarizes the impacts of the cyclooxygenase-2-prostaglandin E2 pathway on gastrointestinal cancer development. Our focus was to highlight recent advances in our understanding of how this pathway induces tumor immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingzhi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Carlos S Cabalag
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicholas J Clemons
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Raymond N DuBois
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.
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11
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Peng Z, Liu XY, Cheng Z, Kai W, Song Z. Comprehensive analysis of a new immune-related prognostic signature for esophageal cancer and its correlation with infiltrating immune cells and target genes. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1576. [PMID: 34790782 PMCID: PMC8576727 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-4756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background The incidence of esophageal cancer (ESCA) is increasing rapidly, and the 5-year survival rate is less than 20%. This study provides new ideas for clinical treatment by establishing a prognostic signature composed of immune-related genes (IRGs), and fully analyzing its relationship with target genes and the tumor microenvironment (TME). Methods We downloaded the ESCA expression matrix and clinical information from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Differential expression genes (DEGs) were identified with the edgeR package and crossed with the IRGs we obtained from the ImmPort database to obtain differential IRGs (DEIRGs). The prognostic signature was then obtained through univariate Cox, LASSO-Cox, and multivariate Cox analyses. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the prediction effect of the model. The immune cell infiltration abundance obtained by ssGSEA and therapeutic target genes was used to perform sufficient correlation analysis with the obtained prognostic signature and related genes. Results A total of 173 samples were obtained from TCGA database, including 162 tumor and 11 normal samples. The 3,033 differential genes were used to obtain 254 DEIRGs by intersections with 2,483 IRGs (IRGs) obtained from the ImmPort Database. Finally, multivariate Cox regression analysis identified eight prognostic DEIRGs and established a new prognostic signature (HR: 2.49, 95% CI: 1.68–3.67; P<0.001). Based on the expression of the eight genes, the cohort was then divided into high and low risk groups and Kaplan-Meier (K-M) curves were plotted with the log-rank test P<0.0001 and 1-, 3-year area under the curve (AUC) >0.7. The K-M curves grouped according to high and low risks performed well in the two subgroup validation cohorts, with log-rank test P<0.05. There were differences in the degree of infiltration of 16 kinds of immune cells in tumor and normal samples, and the infiltration abundance of 12 kinds of immune cells was different in the high and low-risk groups. Conclusions An effective and validated prognostic signature composed of IRGs was established and had a strong correlation with immune cells and target genes of drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Peng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Zeng Cheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wu Kai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhao Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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12
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Baxter MA, Middleton F, Cagney HP, Petty RD. Resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced gastro-oesophageal cancers. Br J Cancer 2021; 125:1068-1079. [PMID: 34230609 PMCID: PMC8505606 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01425-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have altered the treatment paradigm across a range of tumour types, including gastro-oesophageal cancers. For patients with any cancer type who respond, ICIs can confer long-term disease control and significantly improve survival and quality of life, but for patients with gastro-oesophageal cancer, ICIs can be transformative, as durable responses in advanced disease have hitherto been rare, especially in those patients who are resistant to first-line cytotoxic therapies. Results from trials in patients with advanced-stage gastro-oesophageal cancer have raised hopes that ICIs will be successful as adjuvant and neoadjuvant treatments in early-stage disease, when the majority of patients relapse after potential curative treatments, and several trials are ongoing. Unfortunately, however, ICI-responding patients appear to constitute a minority subgroup within gastro-oesophageal cancer, and resistance to ICI therapy (whether primary or acquired) is common. Understanding the biological mechanisms of ICI resistance is a current major research challenge and involves investigation of both tumour and patient-specific factors. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms underlying ICI resistance and their potential specific applications of this knowledge towards precision medicine strategies in the management of gastro-oesophageal cancers in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Baxter
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
- Tayside Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, NHS Tayside, Dundee, UK.
| | - Fearghas Middleton
- Tayside Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, NHS Tayside, Dundee, UK
| | - Hannah P Cagney
- School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Russell D Petty
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
- Tayside Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, NHS Tayside, Dundee, UK.
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13
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Yamauchi T, Fujishima F, Hashimoto M, Tsunokake J, Akaishi R, Gokon Y, Ueki S, Ozawa Y, Fukutomi T, Okamoto H, Sato C, Taniyama Y, Nakamura T, Nakaya N, Kamei T, Sasano H. Necroptosis in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: An Independent Prognostic Factor and Its Correlation with Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174473. [PMID: 34503283 PMCID: PMC8430921 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Necroptosis is a regulated form of necrotic cell death that plays pivotal roles in cancer biology, including tumorigenesis, metastasis, and cancer immunity. However, the significance of necroptosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma has remained largely unknown. In addition, its correlation with the tissue microenvironment has not yet been explored. In this study, we first investigated the diagnostic and prognostic significance of mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) and phosphorylated MLKL (pMLKL), both of which are currently considered the most reliable markers for detecting necroptosis. We also investigated the correlations between the status of MLKL/pMLKL and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients. Abstract Necroptosis is a pivotal process in cancer biology; however, the clinical significance of necroptosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has remained unknown. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to verify the potential involvement of necroptosis in the clinical outcome, chemotherapeutic resistance, and tumor microenvironment of ESCC. Mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) and phosphorylated MLKL (pMLKL) were immunohistochemically examined in 88 surgically resected specimens following neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and 53 pre-therapeutic biopsy specimens, respectively. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were also evaluated by immunolocalizing CD3, CD8, and forkhead box protein 3 (FOXP3) in the residual tumors after NAC. High pMLKL status in the post-NAC resected specimens was significantly correlated with worse prognosis in ESCC patients. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that a high pMLKL status was an independent prognostic factor. In pre-NAC biopsy specimens, a high pMLKL status was significantly associated with a lower therapeutic efficacy. CD8+ TILs were significantly lower in the high-pMLKL group. FOXP3+ TILs were significantly higher in both high-MLKL and high-pMLKL groups. We first demonstrated pMLKL status as an independent prognostic factor in ESCC patients. Our study revealed the possible involvement of necroptosis in the immunosuppressive microenvironment, resulting in the attenuated therapeutic efficacy of NAC and eventual adverse clinical outcomes in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Yamauchi
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan; (J.T.); (R.A.); (Y.G.); (S.U.); (Y.O.); (T.F.); (H.O.); (C.S.); (Y.T.); (T.K.)
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan; (M.H.); (H.S.)
- Correspondence: (T.Y.); (F.F.); Tel.: +81-22-717-7440 (F.F.)
| | - Fumiyoshi Fujishima
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan; (M.H.); (H.S.)
- Correspondence: (T.Y.); (F.F.); Tel.: +81-22-717-7440 (F.F.)
| | - Masatoshi Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan; (M.H.); (H.S.)
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Junichi Tsunokake
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan; (J.T.); (R.A.); (Y.G.); (S.U.); (Y.O.); (T.F.); (H.O.); (C.S.); (Y.T.); (T.K.)
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan; (M.H.); (H.S.)
| | - Ryujiro Akaishi
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan; (J.T.); (R.A.); (Y.G.); (S.U.); (Y.O.); (T.F.); (H.O.); (C.S.); (Y.T.); (T.K.)
| | - Yusuke Gokon
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan; (J.T.); (R.A.); (Y.G.); (S.U.); (Y.O.); (T.F.); (H.O.); (C.S.); (Y.T.); (T.K.)
| | - Shunsuke Ueki
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan; (J.T.); (R.A.); (Y.G.); (S.U.); (Y.O.); (T.F.); (H.O.); (C.S.); (Y.T.); (T.K.)
| | - Yohei Ozawa
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan; (J.T.); (R.A.); (Y.G.); (S.U.); (Y.O.); (T.F.); (H.O.); (C.S.); (Y.T.); (T.K.)
| | - Toshiaki Fukutomi
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan; (J.T.); (R.A.); (Y.G.); (S.U.); (Y.O.); (T.F.); (H.O.); (C.S.); (Y.T.); (T.K.)
| | - Hiroshi Okamoto
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan; (J.T.); (R.A.); (Y.G.); (S.U.); (Y.O.); (T.F.); (H.O.); (C.S.); (Y.T.); (T.K.)
| | - Chiaki Sato
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan; (J.T.); (R.A.); (Y.G.); (S.U.); (Y.O.); (T.F.); (H.O.); (C.S.); (Y.T.); (T.K.)
| | - Yusuke Taniyama
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan; (J.T.); (R.A.); (Y.G.); (S.U.); (Y.O.); (T.F.); (H.O.); (C.S.); (Y.T.); (T.K.)
| | - Tomohiro Nakamura
- Department of Health Record Informatics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8573, Japan;
| | - Naoki Nakaya
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8573, Japan;
| | - Takashi Kamei
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan; (J.T.); (R.A.); (Y.G.); (S.U.); (Y.O.); (T.F.); (H.O.); (C.S.); (Y.T.); (T.K.)
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan; (M.H.); (H.S.)
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To inhibit or to boost the ATP/P2RX7 pathway to fight cancer-that is the question. Purinergic Signal 2021; 17:619-631. [PMID: 34347213 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-021-09811-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite new biological insights and recent therapeutic advances, many tumors remain at baseline during treatments. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find new therapeutic strategies to improve the care of patients with solid tumors. P2RX7 receptor (P2XR7), an ATP-gated ion channel characterized by its ability to form large pore within the cell membrane, is described by most of the investigators as a "chef d'orchestre" of the antitumor immune response. The purpose of this review is to detail the recent information concerning different cellular mechanisms linking P2RX7 to hallmarks of cancer and to discuss different progresses in elucidating how activation of the ATP/P2RX7/NLRP3/IL-18 pathway is a very promising approach to fight cancer progression by increasing antitumor immune responses.
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15
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Davern M, Donlon NE, Power R, Hayes C, King R, Dunne MR, Reynolds JV. The tumour immune microenvironment in oesophageal cancer. Br J Cancer 2021; 125:479-494. [PMID: 33903730 PMCID: PMC8368180 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01331-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Oesophageal cancer (OC) is an inflammation-associated malignancy linked to gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, obesity and tobacco use. Knowledge of the microenvironment of oesophageal tumours is relevant to our understanding of the development of OC and its biology, and has major implications for understanding the response to standard therapies and immunotherapies, as well as for uncovering novel targets. In this context, we discuss what is known about the TME in OC from tumour initiation to development and progression, and how this is relevant to therapy sensitivity and resistance in the two major types of OC. We provide an immunological characterisation of the OC TME and discuss its prognostic implications with specific comparison with the Immunoscore and immune-hot, -cold, altered-immunosuppressed and -altered-excluded models. Targeted therapeutics for the TME under pre-clinical and clinical investigation in OCs are also summarised. A deeper understanding of the TME will enable the development of combination approaches to concurrently target the tumour cells and TME delivering precision medicine to OC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Davern
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Noel E Donlon
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Robert Power
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Conall Hayes
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ross King
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Margaret R Dunne
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John V Reynolds
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
- Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
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Radiotherapy planning parameters correlate with changes in the peripheral immune status of patients undergoing curative radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 71:541-552. [PMID: 34269847 PMCID: PMC8854140 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-03002-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The influence of radiotherapy on patient immune cell subsets has been established by several groups. Following a previously published analysis of immune changes during and after curative radiotherapy for prostate cancer, this analysis focused on describing correlations of changes of immune cell subsets with radiation treatment parameters. Patients and methods For 13 patients treated in a prospective trial with radiotherapy to the prostate region (primary analysis) and five patients treated with radiotherapy to prostate and pelvic nodal regions (exploratory analysis), already published immune monitoring data were correlated with clinical data as well as radiation planning parameters such as clinical target volume (CTV) and volumes receiving 20 Gy (V20) for newly contoured volumes of pelvic blood vessels and bone marrow. Results Most significant changes among immune cell subsets were observed at the end of radiotherapy. In contrast, correlations of age and CD8+ subsets (effector and memory cells) were observed early during and 3 months after radiotherapy. Ratios of T cells and T cell proliferation compared to baseline correlated with CTV. Early changes in regulatory T cells (Treg cells) and CD8+ effector T cells correlated with V20 of blood vessels and bone volumes. Conclusions Patient age as well as radiotherapy planning parameters correlated with immune changes during radiotherapy. Larger irradiated volumes seem to correlate with early suppression of anti-cancer immunity. For immune cell analysis during normofractionated radiotherapy and correlations with treatment planning parameters, different time points should be looked at in future projects. Trial registration number: NCT01376674, 20.06.2011 Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00262-021-03002-6.
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Prognostic Significance of the Microbiome and Stromal Cells Phenotype in Esophagus Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9070743. [PMID: 34203319 PMCID: PMC8301468 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is one of the most aggressive malignant neoplasms, with low survival rates and limited treatment options. In this study we analyzed the microbiome composition and the phenotype of inflammatory tumor infiltrate in squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus (ESCC) and examined possible relationships between them and their prognostic significance. We found that the predominant phyla of microorganisms found in both tumors and adjacent normal tissues were Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes and Bacteroidetes. We established that only bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus differ between tumors and normal tissues. We found a significant correlation between bacterial burden and the phenotype of the tumor stroma. Namely, a group of tumors characterized by a high expression of CD206 (r = -0.3976, p = 0.0056) in the stroma and iNOS (r = -0.2953, p = 0.0439) in tumor cells is characterized by a higher bacterial burden. Further, we established that in the group with a high content of CD206+ macrophages, there is also a predominance of gram-positive bacteria over gram-negative ones. We found that gram-positive bacterial burden is associated with disease prognosis in ESCC showing high content of CD206+ macrophages. In conclusion we established that the tumor microbiome, can be prognostically significant for ESCC when combined with other stromal markers.
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18
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Nishimura J, Deguchi S, Tanaka H, Yamakoshi Y, Yoshii M, Tamura T, Toyokawa T, Lee S, Muguruma K, Ohira M. Induction of Immunogenic Cell Death of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma by 5-Fluorouracil and Cisplatin. In Vivo 2021; 35:743-752. [PMID: 33622867 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) using 5-FU (5-fluorouracil)/CDDP (cisplatin) is a standard therapy for stage II/III thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in Japan. The aim of this study was to investigate whether 5-FU/CDDP could induce immunogenic cell death in ESCC cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tumor samples for immunohistochemistry were obtained from 50 patients (mean age=63.1 years) with pathological stage 0-IVa ESCC who underwent NAC followed by surgery. Cell lines T.T and KYSE30 were used for the in vitro experiments. RESULTS The concentrations of HMGB1 were elevated in the cell line supernatants treated with 5-FU/CDDP. 5-FU/CDDP treated dendritic cells (DCs) showed a mature phenotype, and enhanced T cell proliferation capacity. In addition, mature DCs were observed in surgical specimens with a histological response after treatment with 5-FU/CDDP chemotherapy. CONCLUSION 5-FU/CDDP could induce immunogenic cell death in the tumor microenvironment of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Nishimura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sota Deguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Yamakoshi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mami Yoshii
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Tamura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Toyokawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigeru Lee
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuya Muguruma
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaichi Ohira
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Lonie JM, Barbour AP, Dolcetti R. Understanding the immuno-biology of oesophageal adenocarcinoma: Towards improved therapeutic approaches. Cancer Treat Rev 2021; 98:102219. [PMID: 33993033 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2021.102219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
With an incidence that is constantly rising, oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) is becoming an increasing health burden worldwide. Although significant advances in treatment regimens have improved patient outcomes, survival rates for this deadly cancer remain unsatisfactory. This highlights the need to improve current therapeutic approaches and develop novel therapeutic strategies for treating OAC patients. The advent of immunotherapy has revolutionised treatment across a range of malignancies, however outcomes in OAC show modest results. The inherent resistance of OAC to treatment reflects the complex genomic landscape of this cancer, which displays a lack of ubiquitous driver mutations and large-scale genomic alterations along with high tumour and immune heterogeneity. Research into the immune landscape of OAC is limited, and elucidation of the mechanisms surrounding the immune responses to this complex cancer will result in improved therapeutic approaches. This review explores what is known about the immuno-biology of OAC and explores promising therapeutic avenues that may improve responses to immunotherapeutic regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Lonie
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Andrew P Barbour
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Riccardo Dolcetti
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Lei J, He ZY, Wang J, Hu M, Zhou P, Lian CL, Hua L, Wu SG, Zhou J. Identification of MEG8/miR-378d/SOBP axis as a novel regulatory network and associated with immune infiltrates in ovarian carcinoma by integrated bioinformatics analysis. Cancer Med 2021; 10:2924-2939. [PMID: 33742531 PMCID: PMC8026926 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate the potential molecular mechanism of ovarian cancer (OC) evolution and immunological correlation using the integrated bioinformatics analysis. Methods Data from the Gene Expression Omnibus was used to gain differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome pathway analysis were completed by utilizing the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery. After multiple validations via The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Genotype‐Tissue Expression (GTEx) projects, the Human Protein Atlas, Kaplan–Meier (KM) plotter, and immune logical relationships of the key gene SOBP were evaluated based on Tumor Immune Estimation Resource, and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) software. Finally, the lncRNAs‐miRNAs‐mRNAs subnetwork was predicted by starBase, TargetScan, miRBD, and LncBase, individually. Correlation of expression and prognosis for mRNAs, miRNAs, and lncRNAs were confirmed by TCGA, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis 2 (GEPIA 2), starBase, and KM. Results A total of 192 shared DEGs were discovered from the four data sets, including 125 upregulated and 67 downregulated genes. Functional enrichment analysis presented that they were mainly enriched in cartilage development, pathway in PI3 K‐Akt signaling pathway. Lower expression of SOBP was the independent prognostic factor for inferior prognosis in OC patients. The downregulation of SOBP enhanced the infiltration levels of B cells, CD8+ T cells, Macrophage, Neutrophil, and Dendritic cells. GSEA also disclosed low SOBP showed a significantly associated with the activation of various immune‐related pathways. Finally, we first reported that the MEG8/miR‐378d/SOBP axis was linked to the development and prognosis of OC through regulating the cytokines pathway. Conclusions Our study establishes a novel MEG8/miR‐378d/SOBP axis in the development and prognosis of OC, and the triple subnetwork probably affects the progression of the OC by regulating the cytokines pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Lei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Yu He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen-Lu Lian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Hua
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - San-Gang Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
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21
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Lagisetty KH, McEwen DP, Nancarrow DJ, Schiebel JG, Ferrer-Torres D, Ray D, Frankel TL, Lin J, Chang AC, Kresty LA, Beer DG. Immune determinants of Barrett's progression to esophageal adenocarcinoma. JCI Insight 2021; 6:143888. [PMID: 33290281 PMCID: PMC7821593 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.143888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) develops from Barrett’s esophagus (BE), a chronic inflammatory state that can progress through a series of transformative dysplastic states before tumor development. While molecular and genetic changes of EAC tumors have been studied, immune microenvironment changes during Barrett’s progression to EAC remain poorly understood. In this study, we identify potential immunologic changes that can occur during BE-to-EAC progression. RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis on tissue samples from EAC patients undergoing surgical resection demonstrated that a subset of chemokines and cytokines, most notably IL6 and CXCL8, increased during BE progression to EAC. xCell deconvolution analysis investigating immune cell population changes demonstrated that the largest changes in expression during BE progression occurred in M2 macrophages, pro–B cells, and eosinophils. Multiplex immunohistochemical staining of tissue microarrays showed increased immune cell populations during Barrett’s progression to high-grade dysplasia. In contrast, EAC tumor sections were relatively immune poor, with a rise in PD-L1 expression and loss of CD8+ T cells. These data demonstrate that the EAC microenvironment is characterized by poor cytotoxic effector cell infiltration and increased immune inhibitory signaling. These findings suggest an immunosuppressive microenvironment, highlighting the need for further studies to explore immune modulatory therapy in EAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran H Lagisetty
- Department of Surgery, Section of Thoracic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,VA Ann Arbor Health Care System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Dyke P McEwen
- Department of Surgery, Section of Thoracic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Derek J Nancarrow
- Department of Surgery, Section of Thoracic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Johnathon G Schiebel
- Department of Surgery, Section of Thoracic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Dipankar Ray
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Timothy L Frankel
- Department of Surgery, Section of Thoracic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jules Lin
- Department of Surgery, Section of Thoracic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Andrew C Chang
- Department of Surgery, Section of Thoracic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Laura A Kresty
- Department of Surgery, Section of Thoracic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - David G Beer
- Department of Surgery, Section of Thoracic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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22
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Pistollato F, Forbes-Hernandez TY, Iglesias RC, Ruiz R, Elexpuru Zabaleta M, Dominguez I, Cianciosi D, Quiles JL, Giampieri F, Battino M. Effects of caloric restriction on immunosurveillance, microbiota and cancer cell phenotype: Possible implications for cancer treatment. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 73:45-57. [PMID: 33271317 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fasting, caloric restriction and foods or compounds mimicking the biological effects of caloric restriction, known as caloric restriction mimetics, have been associated with a lower risk of age-related diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, cancer and cognitive decline, and a longer lifespan. Reduced calorie intake has been shown to stimulate cancer immunosurveillance, reducing the migration of immunosuppressive regulatory T cells towards the tumor bulk. Autophagy stimulation via reduction of lysine acetylation, increased sensitivity to chemo- and immunotherapy, along with a reduction of insulin-like growth factor 1 and reactive oxygen species have been described as some of the major effects triggered by caloric restriction. Fasting and caloric restriction have also been shown to beneficially influence gut microbiota composition, modify host metabolism, reduce total cholesterol and triglyceride levels, lower diastolic blood pressure and elevate morning cortisol level, with beneficial modulatory effects on cardiopulmonary fitness, body fat and weight, fatigue and weakness, and general quality of life. Moreover, caloric restriction may reduce the carcinogenic and metastatic potential of cancer stem cells, which are generally considered responsible of tumor formation and relapse. Here, we reviewed in vitro and in vivo studies describing the effects of fasting, caloric restriction and some caloric restriction mimetics on immunosurveillance, gut microbiota, metabolism, and cancer stem cell growth, highlighting the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying these effects. Additionally, studies on caloric restriction interventions in cancer patients or cancer risk subjects are discussed. Considering the promising effects associated with caloric restriction and caloric restriction mimetics, we think that controlled-randomized large clinical trials are warranted to evaluate the inclusion of these non-pharmacological approaches in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pistollato
- Centre for Nutrition and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico (UEA), Santander, Spain
| | - Tamara Yuliett Forbes-Hernandez
- Nutrition and Food Science Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | | | - Roberto Ruiz
- Centre for Nutrition and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico (UEA), Santander, Spain
| | | | - Irma Dominguez
- Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana (UNINI), Camphece, Mexico; Universidade Internacional do Cuanza, Cuito, Angola
| | - Danila Cianciosi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche, Sez. Biochimica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Josè L Quiles
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "Jose Mataix", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, 18000, Spain
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche, Sez. Biochimica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche, Sez. Biochimica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
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23
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Gao Y, Guo W, Geng X, Zhang Y, Zhang G, Qiu B, Tan F, Xue Q, Gao S, He J. Prognostic value of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in esophageal cancer: an updated meta-analysis of 30 studies with 5,122 patients. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:822. [PMID: 32793667 PMCID: PMC7396260 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background The prognostic role of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in esophageal cancer (EC) patients is controversial; therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to obtain a consensus. Methods The PubMed, PubMed Central, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched. The pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using fixed effect or random effect models depending on the heterogeneity. Results A total of 30 articles comprising 5,122 patients were included in this meta-analysis. High levels of generalized TIL infiltration were associated with better overall survival (OS) (HR =0.67, 95% CI: 0.47–0.95, P=0.02) in EC patients. High CD8+ T-cell infiltration and high CD4+ T-cell infiltration were associated with better OS (HR =0.68, 95% CI: 0.60–0.78, P<0.001; HR =0.70, 95% CI: 0.57–0.85, P<0.001, respectively). However, the pooled results showed that neither CD3+ nor FOXP3+ T-cell infiltration were associated with patient survival (P>0.05). Moreover, for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), high CD8+ T lymphocyte infiltration in the TN (Tumor nest) or TS (Tumor stroma) significantly predicted better OS (pooled HR =0.70, 95% CI: 0.57–0.85; P=0.001; pooled HR =0.77, 95% CI: 0.65–0.91; P=0.003). Conclusions High levels of generalized TILs, high CD8+ T-cell infiltration and high CD4+ T-cell infiltration have the potential to serve as prognostic markers in EC patients. Moreover, high CD8+ TIL in TNs or TS can predict better OS in ESCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Geng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yidong Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Center for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Guochao Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Qiu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fengwei Tan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Xue
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shugeng Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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24
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Le Naour J, Galluzzi L, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Vacchelli E. Trial watch: IDO inhibitors in cancer therapy. Oncoimmunology 2020; 9:1777625. [PMID: 32934882 PMCID: PMC7466863 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1777625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) catalyzes the first, rate-limiting step of the so-called “kynurenine pathway”, which converts the essential amino acid L-tryptophan (Trp) into the immunosuppressive metabolite L-kynurenine (Kyn). While expressed constitutively by some tissues, IDO1 can also be induced in specific subsets of antigen-presenting cells that ultimately favor the establishment of immune tolerance to tumor antigens. At least in part, the immunomodulatory functions of IDO1 can be explained by depletion of Trp and accumulation of Kyn and its derivatives. In animal tumor models, genetic or pharmacological IDO1 inhibition can cause the (re)activation of anticancer immune responses. Similarly, neoplasms expressing high levels of IDO1 may elude anticancer immunosurveillance. Therefore, IDO1 inhibitors represent promising therapeutic candidates for cancer therapy, and some of them have already entered clinical evaluation. Here, we summarize preclinical and clinical studies testing IDO1-targeting interventions for oncologic indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Le Naour
- Equipe Labellisée Par La Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Université De Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Centre De Recherche Des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Faculty of Medicine Kremlin Bicêtre, Université Paris Sud, Paris Saclay, France
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Université De Paris, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Villejuif, France.,Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe Labellisée Par La Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Université De Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Centre De Recherche Des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, France.,Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Suzhou Institute for Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China.,Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erika Vacchelli
- Equipe Labellisée Par La Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Université De Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Centre De Recherche Des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
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25
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Power R, Lowery MA, Reynolds JV, Dunne MR. The Cancer-Immune Set Point in Oesophageal Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:891. [PMID: 32582553 PMCID: PMC7287212 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has achieved long-term disease control in a proportion of cancer patients, but determinants of clinical benefit remain unclear. A greater understanding of antitumor immunity on an individual basis is needed to facilitate a precision oncology approach. A conceptual framework called the "cancer-immune set point" has been proposed to describe the equilibrium between factors that promote or suppress anticancer immunity and can serve as a basis to understand the variability in clinical response to immune checkpoint blockade. Oesophageal cancer has a high mutational burden, develops from pre-existing chronic inflammatory lesions and is therefore anticipated to be sensitive to immune checkpoint inhibition. However, both tumour- and patient-specific factors including the immune microenvironment, the microbiome, obesity, and host genetics contribute to an immune set point that confers a lower-than-expected response to checkpoint blockade. Immunotherapy is therefore currently confined to latter lines of treatment of advanced disease, with no reliable predictive biomarker of response. In this review, we examine oesophageal cancer in the context of the cancer-immune set point, discuss factors that contribute to response to immunotherapeutic intervention, and propose areas requiring further investigation to improve treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Power
- Department of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity St. James Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Maeve A. Lowery
- Department of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity St. James Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John V. Reynolds
- Department of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity St. James Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Margaret R. Dunne
- Department of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity St. James Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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26
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Elkoshi Z. "High Treg" Inflammations Promote (Most) Non-Hematologic Cancers While "Low Treg" Inflammations Promote Lymphoid Cancers. J Inflamm Res 2020; 13:209-221. [PMID: 32547153 PMCID: PMC7247720 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s249384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In an earlier publication, a binary classification of chronic diseases has been proposed. Chronic diseases were classified as “high Treg” or “low Treg” diseases depending on whether the pro-inflammatory or the anti-inflammatory arms of the immune response are deficient. The present work uses this model to analyze the interplay between cancer and the immune system, based on published literature. The work leans upon the etiology of alcohol and tobacco-related malignancies. The main conclusions are: triggers of specific “high Treg” immune reaction promote most non-hematologic cancers, whereas triggers of “low Treg” immune reaction promote lymphomas. The opposite is also true: triggers of specific “high Treg” immune reaction suppress lymphoma, whereas triggers of “low Treg” immune reaction suppress non-hematologic cancers. Both lymphoma and autoimmune diseases are “low Treg” conditions. For this reason, both are promoted by the same panel of “low Treg” bacteria and parasites and are inhibited by “high Treg” triggers. For example, alcohol consumption, a “high Treg” trigger, protects against lymphoma and autoimmune hypothyroidism. In addition, the same immune-modulatory drugs are effective in the treatment of both lymphoma and autoimmune diseases. Like other cancers, lymphoma transforms from a “low Treg” type at early stage of the disease into a “high Treg” type at advanced stages. However, lymphoma is distinguished from most other cancers by the length of time it dwells at an indolent “low Treg” state (many years) before lymphoma cells sensitivity to transforming growth factor-beta is impaired. This impairment stimulates the switch from “low Treg” into “high Treg” response and results in immune escape. The application of this analysis to the pharmacological activity of checkpoint inhibitors forecasts that checkpoint inhibitors would not be effective in low-grade, indolent lymphomas. As of now, checkpoint inhibitors are approved for the treatment of advanced lymphoma only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeev Elkoshi
- Research and Development Department, Taro Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd, Haifa, Israel
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27
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Göbel HH, Büttner-Herold MJ, Fuhrich N, Aigner T, Grabenbauer GG, Distel LVR. Cytotoxic and immunosuppressive inflammatory cells predict regression and prognosis following neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy of oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Radiother Oncol 2020; 146:151-160. [PMID: 32169773 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and tumour associated macrophages (TAM) play a key role in anticancer immunosurveillance. We studied their influence on response to neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy (RCT) and prognosis in patients with oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Between 10/2004 and 06/2018, pre-RCT biopsy-specimens were available from 76 patients with locally advanced, non-metastatic OAC scheduled for trimodality therapy. We evaluated intra- and peritumoural expression of FoxP3+-, CD8+-TIL and CD68+-, CD163+-TAM, contemplating cell density, cell ratios and cell-to-cell distances to determine a possible influence on tumour regression grade (TRG) and survival. Median follow-up time for all patients was 18 months (IQR 9-43), and 54 months (25-97) for surviving patients. Data were analysed using risk analysis, logrank test and Cox regression. RESULTS Poor tumour regression was detected for cN+ (RR 0.77 [95% CI 0.66-0.90], p = 0.001), low intratumoural FoxP3+/CD8+ ratio (RR 0.75 [0.60-0.96], p = 0.020), high peritumoural CD163+/CD68+ ratio (RR 0.77 [0.60-0.99], p = 0.045) and high intratumoural TAM density (RD -0.44 [-0.82 to -0.06], p = 0.023). Apart from poor resection quality and TRG, pretherapeutic high peritumoural CD8+ infiltration (HR 2.36 [1.21-4.61], p = 0.012) and short intratumoural FoxP3+ to CD8+ cell-to-cell distances in middle ranged CD8+ density (HR 2.55 [1.00-6.52], p = 0.050) were significant unfavourable prognostic factors in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS Immunologic parameters, such as CD8+-, FoxP3+-TIL and CD68+-, CD163+-TAM, were identified to be of independent predictive and prognostic value in patients with OAC. Further and independent validation of these biomarkers by a large size dataset may urgently be contemplated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger H Göbel
- Department of Gastroenterology, REGIOMED Klinikum Lichtenfels, Germany; University of Split, School of Medicine, Croatia.
| | - Maike J Büttner-Herold
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Nicole Fuhrich
- Institute of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Aigner
- Department of Pathology, REGIOMED Klinikum Coburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard G Grabenbauer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, REGIOMED Klinikum Coburg, Germany; University of Split, School of Medicine, Croatia
| | - Luitpold V R Distel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
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28
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Zhao S, Yu M. Identification of MMP1 as a Potential Prognostic Biomarker and Correlating with Immune Infiltrates in Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma. DNA Cell Biol 2020; 39:255-272. [PMID: 31977248 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2019.5129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CESC) is a human papillomavirus-driven tumor that the underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the key candidate genes and potential mechanism in CESC by bioinformatics analysis. A total of 132 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified based on three expression profile data sets. A multivariate Cox proportional regression model was used to develop a four-gene prognostic signature. Mechanistically, the correlationship between MMP1 and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes was further analyzed. Furthermore, annotations were investigated by Gene Ontology (GO) and The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses. Finally, potential drugs for CESC treatment were predicted by Connectivity Map. We profiled four genes (EFNA1, ANLN, MMP1, and ZWINT) with significant prognostic values for CESC. Multiple public available data sets were used for mRNA expression and prognostic characterization. Subsequently, GO and KEGG pathway analyses showed DEGs were mainly enriched in cell cycle, immunity, and metabolic-related pathway. We then conducted an integrated analysis of MMP1, and the expression of MMP1 showed significantly inverse association with the amount of CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, and macrophages infiltration. Our findings suggest the four-gene signature may be associated with prognosis. We further revealed that MMP1 may be a novel biomarker for immunotherapy, and prognostic judgment of patients with cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhao
- Department of Gynecology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Mingxin Yu
- Department of Gynecology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, P.R. China
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29
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Wang X, Balaji S, Steen EH, Li H, Rae MM, Blum AJ, Miao Q, Butte MJ, Bollyky PL, Keswani SG. T Lymphocytes Attenuate Dermal Scarring by Regulating Inflammation, Neovascularization, and Extracellular Matrix Remodeling. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2019; 8:527-537. [PMID: 31637099 PMCID: PMC6798809 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2019.0981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: While tissue injury and repair are known to involve adaptive immunity, the profile of lymphocytes involved and their contribution to dermal scarring remain unclear. We hypothesized that restoration of T cell deficiency attenuates dermal scarring. Approach: We assessed the temporal-spatial distribution of T lymphocytes and their subtypes during the physiological dermal wound repair process in mice. Also, we compared the scarring outcomes between wild-type (WT) and severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice, which are lymphocyte deficient. Complementary gain-of-function experiments were performed by adoptively transferring lymphocyte subsets to validate their contribution to tissue repair in wounded SCID mice. Results: CD4+ T lymphocytes were present within dermal wounds of WT mice beginning on day 1 and remained through day 30. Wounds of SCID mice exhibited accelerated closure, increased inflammation, limited neovascularization, and exacerbated scarring compared with WT mice. Conversely, transfer of either mixed B and T lymphocytes or CD4+ lymphocytes alone into SCID mice resulted in moderated healing with less inflammation, collagen deposition, and scarring than control SCID wounds. In contrast, transfer of other lymphocyte subsets, including helper T lymphocytes (CD3+CD4+CD25-), CD8+ T cells and B cells, or regulatory T lymphocytes (CD4+CD25+CD127low), did not reduce scar. Innovation: The finding that lymphocytes delay wound healing but reduce scar is novel and provides new insights into how dermal scarring is regulated. Conclusion: Our data support a suppressive role for CD4+ T cells against inflammation and collagen deposition, with protective effects in early-stage dermal wound healing. These data implicate adaptive immunity in the regulation of scarring phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Wang
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Swathi Balaji
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Emily H. Steen
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Hui Li
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Meredith M. Rae
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Alexander J. Blum
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Qi Miao
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Manish J. Butte
- Division of Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Paul L. Bollyky
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Sundeep G. Keswani
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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30
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Jiang DM, Fyles A, Nguyen LT, Neel BG, Sacher A, Rottapel R, Wang BX, Ohashi PS, Sridhar SS. Phase I study of local radiation and tremelimumab in patients with inoperable locally recurrent or metastatic breast cancer. Oncotarget 2019; 10:2947-2958. [PMID: 31105877 PMCID: PMC6508206 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has shown modest activity in metastatic breast cancer (MBC). In this phase I dose escalation study, we assessed safety of tremelimumab, a humanized anti-CTLA4 monoclonal antibody, at starting dose 3 mg/kg, on the third day of palliative radiotherapy (2000cGy in 5 daily fractions) in patients with MBC. Primary objective was to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of tremelimumab combined with RT. Secondary objective was to assess response. Among 6 patients enrolled between July 2010 and October 2011, 5 had hormone receptor-positive MBC, 1 had triple negative MBC. Median age was 45 years. Common toxicities included lymphopenia (83%), fatigue (50%) and rash (33%). One dose-limiting toxicity occurred at 6 mg/kg, however the trial closed before MTD could be determined. One patient discontinued treatment due to a pathological fracture. Best response was stable disease (SD), 1 patient had SD for >6 months. Median follow up was 27.0 months. Median OS was 50.8 months, with 1 patient surviving >8 years. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) profiles showed increasing proliferating (Ki67+) Treg cells 1 week post treatment in 5 patients. Overall, tremelimumab at 3 mg/kg combined with RT appears to be a tolerable treatment strategy. Further studies are needed to optimize this combination approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Maria Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Anthony Fyles
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Linh T Nguyen
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Benjamin G Neel
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adrian Sacher
- Department of Medical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Robert Rottapel
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ben X Wang
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Pamela S Ohashi
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Immunology, Faculty University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Srikala S Sridhar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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31
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Konno-Kumagai T, Fujishima F, Nakamura Y, Nakano T, Nagai T, Kamei T, Sasano H. Programmed death-1 ligands and tumor infiltrating T lymphocytes in primary and lymph node metastasis of esophageal cancer patients. Dis Esophagus 2019; 32:5066745. [PMID: 30085020 DOI: 10.1093/dote/doy063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is administered to many patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) prior to surgery, but it is also true that some of these patients demonstrated no response to the therapy following surgery. In addition, the prognosis of advanced case such as ESCC patients with lymph node metastasis has remained relatively low. Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) in conjunction with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) has been studied as a potential mechanism of "immune escape" in several human malignancies. Therefore, in this study, we studied PD-L1 status in carcinoma cells and forkhead box protein 3 (FOXP3) and CD8 status among TILs in the residual tumors of primary and metastatic sites following NAC. We also studied the association of these factors with the clinicopathological findings in 44 patients with ESCC harboring lymph node metastasis. There was discordance in the pathological response to chemotherapy between the primary tumor and lymph node metastasis, and histologically identified resistance to NAC in lymph node metastases tended to be correlated with an adverse clinical outcome (P = 0.0765) than resistance in the primary tumor. Both univariate and multivariate analyses for disease-specific survival (DSS) revealed that the PD-L1 status of carcinoma cells in metastatic lymph nodes and a higher FOXP3/CD8 ratio in the primary tumor were both significantly correlated with an eventual adverse clinical outcome of the patients (P = 0.0178, P = 0.0463, respectively). These results all indicated that the PD-L1 status of carcinoma cells in metastatic lymph nodes and the FOXP3/CD8 ratio in primary tumors could predict eventual clinical outcomes in ESCC patients with NAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Konno-Kumagai
- Division of Advanced Surgical Science and Technology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine.,Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Hospital
| | - F Fujishima
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Hospital
| | - Y Nakamura
- Division of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University
| | - T Nakano
- Division of Advanced Surgical Science and Technology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - T Nagai
- School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - T Kamei
- Division of Advanced Surgical Science and Technology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - H Sasano
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Hospital
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32
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Sarhan D, Hippen KL, Lemire A, Hying S, Luo X, Lenvik T, Curtsinger J, Davis Z, Zhang B, Cooley S, Cichocki F, Blazar BR, Miller JS. Adaptive NK Cells Resist Regulatory T-cell Suppression Driven by IL37. Cancer Immunol Res 2018; 6:766-775. [PMID: 29784636 PMCID: PMC6030483 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-17-0498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are capable of fighting viral infections and cancer. However, these responses are inhibited by immune suppressor cells in the tumor microenvironment. Tumor progression promotes the recruitment and generation of intratumoral regulatory T cells (Treg), associated with a poor prognosis in cancer patients. Here, we show that canonical NK cells are highly susceptible to Treg-mediated suppression, in contrast to highly resistant CD57+ FcεRγ-NKG2C+ adaptive (CD56+CD3-) NK cells that expand in cytomegalovirus exposed individuals. Specifically, Tregs suppressed canonical but not adaptive NK-cell proliferation, IFNγ production, degranulation, and cytotoxicity. Treg-mediated suppression was associated with canonical NK-cell downregulation of TIM3, a receptor that activates NK-cell IFNγ production upon ligand engagement, and upregulation of the NK-cell inhibitory receptors PD-1 and the IL1 receptor family member, IL1R8 (SIGIRR or TIR8). Treg production of the IL1R8 ligand, IL37, contributed to the phenotypic changes and diminished function in Treg-suppressed canonical NK cells. Blocking PD-1, IL1R8, or IL37 abrogated Treg suppression of canonical NK cells while maintaining NK-cell TIM3 expression. Our data uncover new mechanisms of Treg-mediated suppression of canonical NK cells and identify that adaptive NK cells are inherently resistant to Treg suppression. Strategies to enhance the frequency of adaptive NK cells in the tumor microenvironment or to blunt Treg suppression of canonical NK cells will enhance the efficacy of NK-cell cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Res; 6(7); 766-75. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhifaf Sarhan
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Keli L Hippen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Amanda Lemire
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Skyler Hying
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Xianghua Luo
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Biostatistics Core, University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Todd Lenvik
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Julie Curtsinger
- Biostatistics Core, University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Translational Therapy Laboratory, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Zachary Davis
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Bin Zhang
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Sarah Cooley
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Frank Cichocki
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Jeffrey S Miller
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
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33
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Nesseler JP, Schaue D, McBride WH, Nickers P. [Inflammatory and immune biomarkers of radiation response]. Cancer Radiother 2018; 22:180-192. [PMID: 29650389 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In radiotherapy, the treatment is adapted to each individual to protect healthy tissues but delivers most of time a standard dose according to the tumor histology and site. The only biomarkers studied to individualize the treatment are the HPV status with radiation dose de-escalation strategies, and tumor hypoxia with dose escalation to hypoxic subvolumes using FMISO- or FAZA-PET imaging. In the last decades, evidence has grown about the contribution of the immune system to radiation tumor response. Many preclinical studies have identified some of the mechanisms involved. In this context, we have realised a systematic review to highlight potential inflammatory and immune biomarkers of radiotherapy response. Some are inside the tumor microenvironment, as lymphocyte infiltration or PD-L1 expression, others are circulating biomarkers, including different types of hematological cells, cytokines and chemokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Nesseler
- Department of radiation oncology, David Geffen school of medicine, university of California at Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte avenue, 90095-1714 Los Angeles, CA, États-Unis.
| | - D Schaue
- Department of radiation oncology, David Geffen school of medicine, university of California at Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte avenue, 90095-1714 Los Angeles, CA, États-Unis
| | - W H McBride
- Department of radiation oncology, David Geffen school of medicine, university of California at Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte avenue, 90095-1714 Los Angeles, CA, États-Unis
| | - P Nickers
- Départment de radiothérapie, centre François-Baclesse, rue Émile-Mayrisch, 4240 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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34
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Zhu Y, Li M, Mu D, Kong L, Zhang J, Zhao F, Li Z, Liu X, Bo C, Yu J. CD8+/FOXP3+ ratio and PD-L1 expression associated with survival in pT3N0M0 stage esophageal squamous cell cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:71455-71465. [PMID: 27683115 PMCID: PMC5342092 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Data describing relationships between the tumor immune microenvironment and patient outcome are limited for esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC). The present study investigated the prognostic values of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and CD8+ or forkhead box protein 3+ (FOXP3+) tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in 133 pathological T3N0M0 stage ESCC patients who underwent radical resection without neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy. CD8+ and FOXP3+ TIL densities as well as PD-L1 levels in tumor cells and lymphocytes, were assessed through immunohistochemical staining. Patient survival was not associated with CD8+ or FOXP3+ TILs alone, but PD-L1 expression and the CD8+/FOXP3+ ratio were independent predictors of both disease-free and overall survival. PD-L1 expression correlated with age (p = 0.029), tumor length (p < 0.001), tumor differentiation status (p = 0.002) and reduced intratumoral CD8+ TIL density (p < 0.001). Our results suggest pT3N0M0 ESCC clinical outcomes correlate with CD8+ and FOXP3+ TIL densities and PD-L1 levels. Moreover, an intrinsic mechanism for induction of PD-L1 overexpression may be occurring during early tumor oncogenesis. This information may be useful for stratifying patients and guide the application of checkpoint blockade therapy in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingming Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Minghuan Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dianbin Mu
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong University Jinan, China
| | - Li Kong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianbo Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong University Jinan, China
| | - Fen Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhenxiang Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xuemei Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Cong Bo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jinming Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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35
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Peng J, Yu Z, Xue L, Wang J, Li J, Liu D, Yang Q, Lin Y. The effect of foxp3-overexpressing Treg cells on non-small cell lung cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:5860-5868. [PMID: 29436663 PMCID: PMC5866031 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the novel mechanisms of forkhead box protein P3 (foxp3) in T regulatory (Treg) cells in lung cancer behavior. Treg cells were isolated from the peripheral blood of healthy volunteers and then co-cultured with 95D cells. A plasmid overexpressing foxp3 was constructed and transfected into Treg cells and an MTS assay was performed to assess cell viability. Flow cytometry was performed to evaluate cell apoptosis and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to measure mRNA expression. A Transwell assay was used to assess cell invasion. Treg cells were successfully isolated from peripheral blood with purity of 94.26%. Foxp3 expression in Treg cells was significantly increased following co-culture with 95D cells, while matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression was upregulated in 95D cells co-cultured with Treg cells. The apoptosis, invasion and migration abilities of 95D cells were suppressed by co-culture with Treg cells, whereas the adhesive ability was enhanced. Foxp3 overexpression in Treg cells enhanced the viability and invasiveness of 95D cells, whereas cell adhesion and migration were decreased. The results of the present study demonstrate that the viability and invasiveness of 95D cells are enhanced by foxp3 overexpression in Treg cells, indicating that increased levels of foxp3 in the tumor microenvironment may promote tumor cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangzhou Peng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510500, P.R. China
| | - Zigang Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510500, P.R. China
| | - Lei Xue
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510500, P.R. China
| | - Jiabin Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanwei People's Hospital, Shanwei, Guangdong 516600, P.R. China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510500, P.R. China
| | - Degang Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510500, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510500, P.R. China
| | - Yihui Lin
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510500, P.R. China
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36
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Mirjolet C, Charon-Barra C, Ladoire S, Arbez-Gindre F, Bertaut A, Ghiringhelli F, Leroux A, Peiffert D, Borg C, Bosset JF, Créhange G. Tumor lymphocyte immune response to preoperative radiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer: The LYMPHOREC study. Oncoimmunology 2017; 7:e1396402. [PMID: 29399395 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1396402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Some studies have suggested that baseline tumor-infiltrating-lymphocytes (TILs), such as CD8+ and FoxP3+ T-cells, may be associated with a better prognosis in colorectal cancer. We sought to investigate modulation of the immune response by preoperative radiotherapy (preopRT) and its impact on survival in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). Materials & Methods: We analyzed data for 237 patients with LARC who received RT. Density of TILS (CD8+ and FoxP3+) in intraepithelial (iTILs) and stromal compartments (sTILs) were evaluated from surgery pathological specimens and biopsies performed at baseline. The primary endpoint was to assess the impact of infiltration of the tumor or tumor site after preopRT on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Secondary endpoints were the impact of dose fractionation scheme on TILs. Results: In univariate analysis, several factors significantly correlated (p<0.05) with PFS and/or OS (T-stage, M-stage, the delay between RT and surgery). A high level of post-treatment FoxP3+ TIL density correlated significantly with a better PFS (p = 0.007). In multivariate analysis, a decrease in the CD8+/FoxP3+ iTILs ratio after preopRT correlated with better PFS and OS (p = 0.049 and p = 0.024, respectively). More particularly, patients with a delta CD8+/FoxP3+ <-3.8 had better PFS and OS. Interestingly, the dose fractionation scheme significantly influenced the CD8+/FoxP3+ ratio after treatment (p = 0.027) with a lower ratio with hypofractionated RT (≥2 Gy). Conclusion: Patients with LARC who had a significant decrease in the CD8+/FoxP3+ ratio after preopRT were more likely to live longer. This ratio needs to be validated prospectively to guide physicians in adjuvant treatment decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Mirjolet
- Department of Radiation-Oncology, Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, FRANCE
| | - C Charon-Barra
- Department of Pathology, Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, FRANCE
| | - S Ladoire
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, FRANCE.,INSERM U866, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - F Arbez-Gindre
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Jean Minjoz, Besançon, FRANCE
| | - A Bertaut
- Biostatistics Unit, Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, FRANCE
| | - F Ghiringhelli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, FRANCE.,INSERM U866, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - A Leroux
- Department of Pathology, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex France
| | - D Peiffert
- Department of Radiation-Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy CedexFrance
| | - C Borg
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Jean Minjoz, Besançon, FRANCE.,UMR1098 INSERM/Université de Franche Comté/Etablissement Français du Sang, Besançon, France
| | - J F Bosset
- Department of Radiation-Oncology, University Hospital Jean Minjoz, Besançon, FRANCE
| | - G Créhange
- Department of Radiation-Oncology, Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, FRANCE.,Medical Imaging Group, Laboratory of Electronics, Computer Science and Imaging, (Le2I), University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
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37
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Garg AD, More S, Rufo N, Mece O, Sassano ML, Agostinis P, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Trial watch: Immunogenic cell death induction by anticancer chemotherapeutics. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1386829. [PMID: 29209573 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1386829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression "immunogenic cell death" (ICD) refers to a functionally unique form of cell death that facilitates (instead of suppressing) a T cell-dependent immune response specific for dead cell-derived antigens. ICD critically relies on the activation of adaptive responses in dying cells, culminating with the exposure or secretion of immunostimulatory molecules commonly referred to as "damage-associated molecular patterns". Only a few agents can elicit bona fide ICD, including some clinically established chemotherapeutics such as doxorubicin, epirubicin, idarubicin, mitoxantrone, bleomycin, bortezomib, cyclophosphamide and oxaliplatin. In this Trial Watch, we discuss recent progress on the development of ICD-inducing chemotherapeutic regimens, focusing on studies that evaluate clinical efficacy in conjunction with immunological biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek D Garg
- Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) Lab, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sanket More
- Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) Lab, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nicole Rufo
- Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) Lab, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Odeta Mece
- Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) Lab, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maria Livia Sassano
- Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) Lab, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrizia Agostinis
- Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) Lab, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France.,INSERM, Villejuif, France.,Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris Sud/Paris XI, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France.,Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,INSERM, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France.,Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Pôle de Biologie, Hopitâl Européen George Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Paris, France.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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38
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Svensson MC, Warfvinge CF, Fristedt R, Hedner C, Borg D, Eberhard J, Micke P, Nodin B, Leandersson K, Jirström K. The integrative clinical impact of tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes and NK cells in relation to B lymphocyte and plasma cell density in esophageal and gastric adenocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:72108-72126. [PMID: 29069772 PMCID: PMC5641115 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several studies have demonstrated a prognostic impact of tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells in esophageal and gastric adenocarcinoma, but whether these associations differ by the density of tumor-infiltrating immune cells of the B cell lineage remains largely unknown. Results High infiltration of any T and NK lymphocytes investigated was in general associated with a favorable prognosis, but the strongest beneficial prognostic impact was seen in combination with high B lymphocyte infiltration. These findings were most evident in gastric cancer, where significant interactions in relation to OS were observed for CD3+, CD8+ and FoxP3+ with CD20+ cells (pinteraction =0.012, 0.009 and 0.007, respectively) and for FoxP3+ with IGKC+ cells (pinteraction =0.034). In esophageal tumors, there was only a significant interaction for CD3+ and CD20 + cells (pinteraction =0.028). Methods Immunohistochemistry and automated image analysis was applied to assess the density of T lymphocytes (CD3+, CD8+, FoxP3+) and NK cells (NKp46+) in chemoradiotherapy-naïve tumors from a consecutive cohort of 174 patients with resected esophageal or gastric adenocarcinoma. The density of B lymphocytes (CD20+) and plasma cells (IGKC+) had been assessed previously. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazard's modelling was applied to examine the impact of the investigated markers on time to recurrence (TTR) and overall survival (OS). Conclusions These data support that the antitumoral effects of tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes in esophageal and gastric adenocarcinoma may be largely dependent on a functional interplay between T and B lymphocytes or plasma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Svensson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Carl Fredrik Warfvinge
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Richard Fristedt
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Charlotta Hedner
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - David Borg
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jakob Eberhard
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Patrick Micke
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Björn Nodin
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Leandersson
- Cancer Immunology, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Karin Jirström
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The growing awareness that the immune system is a key player in the antitumoral response and the excellent clinical results achieved in some settings with anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PDL1) and anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4) drugs has led to the rise of immunotherapy as a supplement or an alternative to conventional cancer treatment. The high costs associated with these therapies, their significant toxicity and the need to understand and circumvent immune escape mechanisms raise the urgent need for immunological assessment of therapy response. The study of the immunological parameters before, during and after treatment is referred to as immunomonitoring. This review discusses the current knowledge of immunomonitoring markers in gastrointestinal cancers. RECENT FINDINGS The last decade has seen a collaborative effort to standardize the assays performed in clinical trials to assess response to immunotherapy. Since then, multiple studies have been conducted on blood samples, biopsies and surgical specimens to determine their immunological profiles leading to the identification of several immunological markers possessing a predictive value of response to treatment. SUMMARY Future research will focus on detangling the predictive value of immune markers in different therapeutic models, and also to develop new noninvasive means to monitor the immune response of patients. VIDEO ABSTRACT: http://links.lww.com/COON/A20.
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Silverio KA, Patel SA. Harnessing antitumor immunity: Employment of tumor recall antigens to optimize the inflammatory response to cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:2015-2020. [PMID: 28454356 PMCID: PMC5403274 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of immunotherapy for cancer has contributed to the era of personalized medicine for cancer. The various immunotherapy-based treatments that have been explored thus far include monoclonal antibody therapy, tumor vaccines, immune checkpoint blockade and adoptive T cell transfer, among others. The groundwork for all these immunotherapeutic modalities rests within the tumor microenvironment, specifically the immune factors that influence the tumor-drug interface. Prior to therapeutic design, the tumor microenvironmental interactions and the current barriers to successful treatment must first be understood. In the present review, it is proposed that cancer cell eradication within the tumor niche may be achieved by reprogramming of the immune microenvironment in favor of a pro-inflammatory antitumor profile at an early stage. This pro-inflammatory profile may, in turn, be influenced by tumor recall antigens, which function to stimulate the cell-mediated or humoral responses involved in antitumor immunity. These measures serve to counteract the immunotolerant state of the tumor microenvironment. Such measures are critical to therapeutic successes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Silverio
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Shyam A Patel
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Kalinski P, Talmadge JE. Tumor Immuno-Environment in Cancer Progression and Therapy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1036:1-18. [PMID: 29275461 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-67577-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The approvals of Provenge (Sipuleucel-T), Ipilimumab (Yervoy/anti-CTLA-4) and blockers of the PD-1 - PD-L1/PD-L2 pathway, such as nivolumab (Opdivo), pembrolizumab (Keytruda), or atezolizumab (Tecentriq), have established immunotherapy as a key component of comprehensive cancer care. Further, murine mechanistic studies and studies in immunocompromised patients have documented the critical role of immunity in effectiveness of radio- and chemotherapy. However, in addition to the ability of the immune system to control cancer progression, it can also promote tumor growth, via regulatory T cells (Tregs), myeloid-derived dendritic cells (MDSCs) and tumor associated macrophages (TAM), which can enhance survival of cancer cells directly or via the regulation of the tumor stroma.An increasing body of evidence supports a central role for the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the interactions between tumor stroma, infiltrating immune cells and cancer cells during the induction and effector phase of anti-cancer immunity, and the overall effectiveness of immunotherapy and other forms of cancer treatment. In this chapter, we discuss the roles of key TME components during tumor progression, metastatic process and cancer therapy-induced tumor regression, as well as opportunities for their modulation to enhance the overall therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Kalinski
- Department of Medicine and Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA.
| | - James E Talmadge
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986495 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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Semeraro M, Adam J, Stoll G, Louvet E, Chaba K, Poirier-Colame V, Sauvat A, Senovilla L, Vacchelli E, Bloy N, Humeau J, Buque A, Kepp O, Zitvogel L, André F, Mathieu MC, Delaloge S, Kroemer G. The ratio of CD8 +/FOXP3 T lymphocytes infiltrating breast tissues predicts the relapse of ductal carcinoma in situ. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1218106. [PMID: 27853639 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1218106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In a series of 248 tumor samples obtained from image-guided biopsies from patients diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast, we attempted to identify biomarkers that predict microinfiltration at definitive surgery or relapse during follow-up. For this, we used immunohistochemical methods, followed by automated image analyses, to measure the mean diameter of nuclei (which correlates with ploidy), the phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α, which reflects endoplasmic reticulum stress) as well as the density and ratio of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes and FOXP3+ regulatory T cells. The median nuclear diameter of malignant cells correlated with eIF2α phosphorylation (in cancerous tissue), which in turn correlated with the density of the CD8+ infiltrate and the CD8+/FOXP3 ratio (both in cancerous and the adjacent non-cancerous parenchyma). Neither microinfiltration nor lymph node involvement was associated with the probability of relapse. Both correlated positively with the CD8+/FOXP3 ratio in the malignant area. In contrast, relapse was associated with a paucity of the CD8+ infiltrate as well as an unfavorable CD8+/FOXP3 ratio, both in malignant and non-malignant parenchyma. The combined analysis of the CD8+/FOXP3 ratio in cancerous and non-cancerous tissues revealed a significant impact of their interaction on the probability of relapse, but not on the presence of microinfiltration or lymph node metastasis. Altogether, these results support the idea of an immunosurveillance system that determines the risk of relapse in ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Semeraro
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; INSERM, U1138, Paris, France; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Julien Adam
- Department of Medical Biology and Pathology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Module de Développement en Pathologie Expérimentale-INSERM U981, Gustave-Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Gautier Stoll
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; INSERM, U1138, Paris, France; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Emilie Louvet
- Module de Développement en Pathologie Expérimentale-INSERM U981, Gustave-Roussy Cancer Campus , Villejuif, France
| | - Kariman Chaba
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; INSERM, U1138, Paris, France; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Vichnou Poirier-Colame
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 507, Villejuif, France; Department of Immuno-Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Allan Sauvat
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; INSERM, U1138, Paris, France; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Laura Senovilla
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; INSERM, U1138, Paris, France; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Erika Vacchelli
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; INSERM, U1138, Paris, France; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Norma Bloy
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; INSERM, U1138, Paris, France; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Juliette Humeau
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; INSERM, U1138, Paris, France; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Aitziber Buque
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; INSERM, U1138, Paris, France; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; INSERM, U1138, Paris, France; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 507, Villejuif, France; Department of Immuno-Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; INSERM, U1015, Villejuif, France
| | - Fabrice André
- INSERM, U981 "Identification of molecular predictors and new targets for cancer treatment", Villejuif, France; Department of Medical Oncology and Breast Cancer Group, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Marie-Christine Mathieu
- Department of Medical Biology and Pathology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus , Villejuif, France
| | - Suzette Delaloge
- Department of Medical Oncology and Breast Cancer Group, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus , Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; INSERM, U1138, Paris, France; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France; Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Brunner SM, Hahn U, Jeiter T, Kesselring R, Rubner C, Ruemmele P, Sziklavari Z, Hofmann HS, Schlitt HJ, Fichtner-Feigl S. Immune Architecture of Colorectal Lung Metastases and Implications for Patient Survival. Eur Surg Res 2016; 57:186-196. [PMID: 27441643 DOI: 10.1159/000447555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary metastases occur in 10-20% of patients with colorectal cancer and significantly influence long-term survival. In this study, the immunological architecture of colorectal lung in comparison to liver metastases and its impact on patient survival were examined. METHODS Specimens of patients with colorectal lung and liver metastases were stained for HE, CD4, CD8, CD20, CD68 and CD45RO. Besides histomorphological evaluation, immunohistochemical stainings were analyzed for the respective cell numbers separately for tumor area, infiltrative margin and distant lung or liver stroma. These findings were correlated with clinical data and patient outcome. RESULTS In colorectal lung (n = 69) in comparison to liver (n = 222) metastases, the immunological focus is located in the tumor region. A high CD4+ cell infiltration of this area is associated with prolonged survival of patients after resection of colorectal lung metastases [103 ± 33 (high) vs. 37 ± 6 months (low); p = 0.0246]. Patients who were treated with preoperative chemotherapy did not show differences in immune infiltrates compared to chemotherapy-naïve patients. CONCLUSION Colorectal lung and liver metastases showed a distinct immunological architecture. A dense cell infiltration of colorectal lung metastases by CD4+ cells was related to prolonged patient survival. Preoperative chemotherapy did not influence cellular immune infiltrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan M Brunner
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Leroi N, Lallemand F, Coucke P, Noel A, Martinive P. Impacts of Ionizing Radiation on the Different Compartments of the Tumor Microenvironment. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:78. [PMID: 27064581 PMCID: PMC4811953 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is one of the most important modalities for cancer treatment. For many years, the impact of RT on cancer cells has been extensively studied. Recently, the tumor microenvironment (TME) emerged as one of the key factors in therapy resistance. RT is known to influence and modify diverse components of the TME. Hence, we intent to review data from the literature on the impact of low and high single dose, as well as fractionated RT on host cells (endothelial cells, fibroblasts, immune and inflammatory cells) and the extracellular matrix. Optimizing the schedule of RT (i.e., dose per fraction) and other treatment modalities is a current challenge. A better understanding of the cascade of events and TME remodeling following RT would be helpful to design optimal treatment combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Leroi
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Cancer, University of Liège Liège, Belgium
| | - François Lallemand
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Cancer, University of LiègeLiège, Belgium; Cyclotron Research Center, University of LiègeLiège, Belgium
| | - Philippe Coucke
- Radiotherapy-Oncology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège Liège, Belgium
| | - Agnès Noel
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Cancer, University of Liège Liège, Belgium
| | - Philippe Martinive
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Cancer, University of LiègeLiège, Belgium; Radiotherapy-Oncology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de LiègeLiège, Belgium
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45
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The tumor microenvironment in esophageal cancer. Oncogene 2016; 35:5337-5349. [PMID: 26923327 PMCID: PMC5003768 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is a deadly disease, ranking sixth among all cancers in mortality. Despite incremental advances in diagnostics and therapeutics, esophageal cancer still carries a poor prognosis, and thus there remains a need to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying this disease. There is accumulating evidence that a comprehensive understanding of the molecular composition of esophageal cancer requires attention to not only tumor cells but also the tumor microenvironment, which contains diverse cell populations, signaling factors, and structural molecules that interact with tumor cells and support all stages of tumorigenesis. In esophageal cancer, environmental exposures can trigger chronic inflammation, which leads to constitutive activation of pro-inflammatory signaling pathways that promote survival and proliferation. Anti-tumor immunity is attenuated by cell populations such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs), as well as immune checkpoints like programmed death-1 (PD-1). Other immune cells such as tumor-associated macrophages can have other pro-tumorigenic functions, including the induction of angiogenesis and tumor cell invasion. Cancer-associated fibroblasts secrete growth factors and alter the extracellular matrix (ECM) to create a tumor niche and enhance tumor cell migration and metastasis. Further study of how these TME components relate to the different stages of tumor progression in each esophageal cancer subtype will lead to development of novel and specific TME-targeting therapeutic strategies, which offer considerable potential especially in the setting of combination therapy.
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Vacchelli E, Semeraro M, Adam J, Dartigues P, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G. Immunosurveillance in esophageal carcinoma: The decisive impact of regulatory T cells. Oncoimmunology 2015; 5:e1064581. [PMID: 27057430 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1064581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy of esophageal carcinomas causes a variable degree of depletion of tumor-infiltrating FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs). The frequency of local Tregs in the operative specimens negatively correlates with the pathological response and overall patient survival. These results underscore the importance of immunosurveillance in determining the fate of patients with esophageal cancers treated with radiochemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Vacchelli
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; INSERM, U1138, Paris, France; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
| | - Michaela Semeraro
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; INSERM, U1015, Villejuif, France; Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 507, Villejuif, France
| | - Julien Adam
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Department of Pathology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Peggy Dartigues
- Department of Pathology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus , Villejuif, France
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; INSERM, U1015, Villejuif, France; Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 507, Villejuif, France; Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud/Paris XI, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; INSERM, U1138, Paris, France; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
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