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Wu S, Zhang J, Chen S, Zhou X, Liu Y, Hua H, Qi X, Mao Y, Young KH, Lu T. Low NDRG2, regulated by the MYC/MIZ-1 complex and methylation, predicts poor outcomes in DLBCL patients. Ann Hematol 2024; 103:2877-2892. [PMID: 38842567 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-024-05829-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) represents the most common tumor in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. N-Myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) is a tumor suppressor highly expressed in healthy tissues but downregulated in many cancers. Although cell proliferation-related metabolism rewiring has been well characterized, less is known about the mechanism of metabolic changes with DLBCL. Herein, we investigated the expressions of NDRG2, MYC and Myc-interacting zinc finger protein 1 (MIZ-1) in seven human lymphoma (mostly DLBCLs) cell lines. NDRG2 expression was inversely correlated with the expressions of MYC and MIZ-1. Further, we explored the regulatory mechanism and biological functions underlying the lymphomagenesis involving NDRG2, MYC and MIZ-1. MYC and MIZ-1 promoted DLBCL cell proliferation, while NDRG2 induced apoptosis in LY8 cells. Moreover, NDRG2 methylation was reversed by the 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CDR) treatment, triggering the downregulation of MYC and inhibiting DLBCL cell survival. MYC interacts with NDRG2 to regulate energy metabolism associated with mTOR. Remarkably, supporting the biological significance, the converse correlation between NDRG2 and MYC was observed in human DLBCL tumor tissues (R = -0.557). Bioinformatics analysis further validated the association among NDRG2, MYC, MIZ-1, mTOR, and related metabolism genes. Additionally, NDRG2 (P = 0.001) and MYC (P < 0.001) were identified as promising prognostic biomarkers in DLBCL patients through survival analysis. Together, our data demonstrate that the MYC/MIZ-1 complex interplays with NDRG2 to influence the proliferation and apoptosis of DLBCL cells and show the characterizations of NDRG2, MYC and MIZ-1 for metabolism features and prediction prognosis in DLBCL.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/metabolism
- Male
- Prognosis
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Female
- Middle Aged
- DNA Methylation
- Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/genetics
- Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Aged
- Cell Proliferation
- Apoptosis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, No.1000, Hefeng Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shan Chen
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, No.1000, Hefeng Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xinyi Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yankui Liu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haiying Hua
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaowei Qi
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yong Mao
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, No.1000, Hefeng Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ken H Young
- Division of Hematopathology, Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Tingxun Lu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China.
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, No.1000, Hefeng Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China.
- Division of Hematopathology, Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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2
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Rodrigues JM, Hollander P, Schmidt L, Gkika E, Razmara M, Kumar D, Geisler C, Grønbæk K, Eskelund CW, Räty R, Kolstad A, Sundström C, Glimelius I, Porwit A, Jerkeman M, Ek S. MYC protein is a high-risk factor in mantle cell lymphoma and identifies cases beyond morphology, proliferation and TP53/p53 - a Nordic Lymphoma Group study. Haematologica 2024; 109:1171-1183. [PMID: 37646663 PMCID: PMC10985440 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2023.283352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor MYC is a well-described oncogene with an important role in lymphomagenesis, but its significance for clinical outcome in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) remains to be determined. We performed an investigation of the expression of MYC protein in a cohort of 251 MCL patients complemented by analyses of structural aberrations and mRNA, in a sub-cohort of patients. Fourteen percent (n=35) of patients showed high MYC protein expression with >20% positive cells (MYChigh), among whom only one translocation was identified, and 86% (n=216) of patients showed low MYC protein expression. Low copy number gains of MYC were detected in ten patients, but with no correlation to MYC protein levels. However, MYC mRNA levels correlated significantly to MYC protein levels with a R2 value of 0.76. Patients with a MYChigh tumor had both an independent inferior overall survival and an inferior progression-free survival (hazard ratio [HR]=2.03, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.2-3.4 and HR=2.2, 95% CI: 1.04-4.6, respectively) when adjusted for additional high-risk features. Patients with MYChigh tumors also tended to have additional high-risk features and to be older at diagnosis. A subgroup of 13 patients had concomitant MYChigh expression and TP53/p53 alterations and a substantially increased risk of progression (HR=16.9, 95% CI: 7.4-38.3) and death (HR=7.8, 95% CI: 4.4-14.1) with an average overall survival of only 0.9 years. In summary, we found that at diagnosis a subset of MCL patients (14%) overexpressed MYC protein, and had a poor prognosis but that MYC rearrangements were rare. Tumors with concurrent MYC overexpression and TP53/p53 alterations pinpointed MCL patients with a dismal prognosis with a median overall survival of less than 3 years. We propose that MYC needs to be assessed beyond the current high-risk factors in MCL in order to identify cases in need of alternative treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Hollander
- Cancer Immunotherapy, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala
| | | | | | - Masoud Razmara
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Akademiska University Hospital, Uppsala
| | | | | | - Kirsten Grønbæk
- Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Biotech Research and Innovation Center (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen
| | - Christian W Eskelund
- Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Biotech Research and Innovation Center (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen
| | - Riikka Räty
- Department of Hematology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki
| | - Arne Kolstad
- Department of Oncology, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Division Gjøvik-Lillehammer
| | - Christer Sundström
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer Precision Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala
| | - Ingrid Glimelius
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer Precision Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala
| | - Anna Porwit
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund
| | - Mats Jerkeman
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund
| | - Sara Ek
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University.
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3
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Khodaiji S, Mahajan V, Satyakam KS, Amare PSK. Plasmablastic transformation of a double hit follicular lymphoma: An emerging entity. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2024; 67:411-414. [PMID: 38391382 DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_898_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Plasmablastic transformation of follicular lymphoma is very rare and has been reported in only 5 cases till date. We report a case of simultaneous identification of extranodal, soft tissue plasmablastic lymphoma in the ankle and bone marrow involvement by follicular lymphoma. This unusual case presentation is a challenge for the treating physician with the patient becoming resistant to chemotherapy and succumbing to the disease within a few months of diagnosis. These cases are known to have an aggressive clinical course with very poor prognosis and survival rate of less than 6 months. This report broadens the spectrum of morphological transformation of follicular lymphoma and it may represent a new category of high-grade transformation of follicular lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanaz Khodaiji
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, P.D. Hinduja Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vidisha Mahajan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, P.D. Hinduja Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Krishna Sawaimoon Satyakam
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, P.D. Hinduja Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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4
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Yao R, Zhang Y, Zeng Y, Zhang Y, Liu L, Gao J. Novel c-Myc G4 stabilizer EP12 promotes myeloma cytotoxicity by disturbing NF-κB signaling. Exp Cell Res 2023; 431:113759. [PMID: 37625768 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a B-cell malignancy characterized by the excessive proliferation of bone marrow plasma cells and the production of abnormal immunoglobulins. Despite advances in therapeutic strategies, it remains an incurable disease. Recently, innovative anticancer drugs have been developed and approved, leading to improvements in MM therapy; however, drug resistance continues to be a major obstacle that results in treatment failure. Therefore, the development of novel agents is imperative to achieve superior therapeutic outcomes for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (MM) patients. Previously, we identified EP12 as a c-Myc G4 stabilizer that could induce cytotoxicity in MM cells in vitro. However, further investigation is required to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms and anti-MM activity of EP12 in vivo. In this study, we have discovered that the compound EP12 effectively inhibits primary myeloma growth in vivo by destabilizing c-Myc and disrupting the canonical nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Overall, our findings suggest that EP12, as a potent c-Myc inhibitor, holds great promise as a therapeutic agent for MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruosi Yao
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yindi Zeng
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaxin Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linlin Liu
- College of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jian Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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5
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Yang L, Pu J, Cai F, Zhang Y, Gao R, Zhuang S, Liang Y, Wu Z, Pan S, Song J, Han F, Tang J, Wang X. Chronic Epstein-Barr virus infection: A potential junction between primary Sjögren's syndrome and lymphoma. Cytokine 2023; 168:156227. [PMID: 37244248 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune disease that targets exocrine glands, leading to exocrine dysfunction. Due to its propensity to infect epithelial and B cells, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is hypothesized to be related with pSS. Through molecular mimicry, the synthesis of specific antigens, and the release of inflammatory cytokines, EBV contributes to the development of pSS. Lymphoma is the most lethal outcome of EBV infection and the development of pSS. As a population-wide virus, EBV has had a significant role in the development of lymphoma in people with pSS. In the review, we will discuss the possible causes of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lufei Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Jincheng Pu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Feiyang Cai
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, Segal Cancer Centre, Lady Davis Institute and Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Youwei Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Ronglin Gao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Shuqi Zhuang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Shengnan Pan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Jiamin Song
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Fang Han
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Jianping Tang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China.
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China.
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6
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Hodgkin Lymphoma Cell Lines and Tissues Express mGluR5: A Potential Link to Ophelia Syndrome and Paraneoplastic Neurological Disease. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040606. [PMID: 36831273 PMCID: PMC9953995 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ophelia syndrome is characterized by the coincidence of severe neuropsychiatric symptoms, classical Hodgkin lymphoma, and the presence of antibodies to the metabotropic glutamate 5 receptor (mGluR5). Little is known about the pathogenetic link between these symptoms and the role that anti-mGluR5-antibodies play. We investigated lymphoma tissue from patients with Ophelia syndrome and with isolated classical Hodgkin lymphoma by quantitative immunocytochemistry for mGluR5-expression. Further, we studied the L-1236, L-428, L-540, SUP-HD1, KM-H2, and HDLM-2 classical Hodgkin lymphoma cell lines by FACS and Western blot for mGluR5-expression, and by transcriptome analysis. mGluR5 surface expression differed significantly in terms of receptor density, distribution pattern, and percentage of positive cells. The highest expression levels were found in the L-1236 line. RNA-sequencing revealed more than 800 genes that were higher expressed in the L-1236 line in comparison to the other classical Hodgkin lymphoma cell lines. High mGluR5-expression was associated with upregulation of PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathways and of downstream targets (e.g., EGR1) known to be involved in classical Hodgkin lymphoma progression. Finally, mGluR5 expression was increased in the classical Hodgkin lymphoma-tissue of our Ophelia syndrome patient in contrast to five classical Hodgkin lymphoma-patients without autoimmune encephalitis. Given the association of encephalitis and classical Hodgkin lymphoma in Ophelia syndrome, it is possible that mGluR5-expression in classical Hodgkin lymphoma cells not only drives tumor progression but also triggers anti-mGluR5 encephalitis even before classical Hodgkin lymphoma becomes manifest.
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7
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Eens S, Van Hecke M, Favere K, Tousseyn T, Guns PJ, Roskams T, Heidbuchel H. B-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma following intravenous BNT162b2 mRNA booster in a BALB/c mouse: A case report. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1158124. [PMID: 37197431 PMCID: PMC10183601 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1158124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Unprecedented immunization campaigns have been rolled out worldwide in an attempt to contain the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Multiple vaccines were brought to the market, among two utilizing novel messenger ribonucleic acid technology. Despite their undisputed success in decreasing COVID-19-associated hospitalizations and mortality, various adverse events have been reported. The emergence of malignant lymphoma is one of such rare adverse events that has raised concern, although an understanding of the mechanisms potentially involved remains lacking. Herein, we present the first case of B-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma following intravenous high-dose mRNA COVID-19 vaccination (BNT162b2) in a BALB/c mouse. Two days following booster vaccination (i.e., 16 days after prime), at only 14 weeks of age, our animal suffered spontaneous death with marked organomegaly and diffuse malignant infiltration of multiple extranodal organs (heart, lung, liver, kidney, spleen) by lymphoid neoplasm. Immunohistochemical examination revealed organ sections positive for CD19, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase, and c-MYC, compatible with a B-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma immunophenotype. Our murine case adds to previous clinical reports on malignant lymphoma development following novel mRNA COVID-19 vaccination, although a demonstration of direct causality remains difficult. Extra vigilance is required, with conscientious reporting of similar cases and a further investigation of the mechanisms of action explaining the aforementioned association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander Eens
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, Genetics, Pharmacology and Physiopathology of Heart, Blood Vessels and Skeleton (GENCOR), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Research Group Cardiovascular Diseases, Genetics, Pharmacology and Physiopathology of Heart, Blood Vessels and Skeleton (GENCOR), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Sander Eens,
| | - Manon Van Hecke
- Laboratory of Translational Cell and Tissue Research, Department of Imaging and Pathology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kasper Favere
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, Genetics, Pharmacology and Physiopathology of Heart, Blood Vessels and Skeleton (GENCOR), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Research Group Cardiovascular Diseases, Genetics, Pharmacology and Physiopathology of Heart, Blood Vessels and Skeleton (GENCOR), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thomas Tousseyn
- Laboratory of Translational Cell and Tissue Research, Department of Imaging and Pathology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter-Jan Guns
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, Genetics, Pharmacology and Physiopathology of Heart, Blood Vessels and Skeleton (GENCOR), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tania Roskams
- Laboratory of Translational Cell and Tissue Research, Department of Imaging and Pathology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hein Heidbuchel
- Research Group Cardiovascular Diseases, Genetics, Pharmacology and Physiopathology of Heart, Blood Vessels and Skeleton (GENCOR), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
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8
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Zandi M, Shokri S, Mahmoudvand S, Hosseinzadeh Adli A, Mohammadi R, Haddadi A. Interplay between cellular metabolism and DNA viruses. J Med Virol 2022; 94:5163-5173. [PMID: 35869415 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Viruses as intracellular pathogens take over the host metabolism and reprogram to facilitate optimal virus production. DNA viruses can cause alterations in several metabolic pathways, including aerobic glycolysis also known as the Warburg effect, pentose phosphate pathway activation, and amino acid catabolism such as glutaminolysis, nucleotide biosynthesis, lipid metabolism, and amino acid biosynthesis. The available energy for productive infection can be increased in infected cells via modification of different carbon source utilization. This review discusses the metabolic alterations of the DNA viruses that will be the basis for future novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Zandi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Shokri
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Shahab Mahmoudvand
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Hosseinzadeh Adli
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ramin Mohammadi
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Azita Haddadi
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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9
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Erazo T, Evans CM, Zakheim D, Chu EL, Refermat AY, Asgari Z, Yang X, Da Silva Ferreira M, Mehta S, Russo MV, Knezevic A, Zhang XP, Chen Z, Fennell M, Garippa R, Seshan V, de Stanchina E, Barbash O, Batlevi CL, Leslie CS, Melnick AM, Younes A, Kharas MG. TP53 mutations and RNA-binding protein MUSASHI-2 drive resistance to PRMT5-targeted therapy in B-cell lymphoma. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5676. [PMID: 36167829 PMCID: PMC9515221 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33137-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify drivers of sensitivity and resistance to Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) inhibition, we perform a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screen. We identify TP53 and RNA-binding protein MUSASHI2 (MSI2) as the top-ranked sensitizer and driver of resistance to specific PRMT5i, GSK-591, respectively. TP53 deletion and TP53R248W mutation are biomarkers of resistance to GSK-591. PRMT5 expression correlates with MSI2 expression in lymphoma patients. MSI2 depletion and pharmacological inhibition using Ro 08-2750 (Ro) both synergize with GSK-591 to reduce cell growth. Ro reduces MSI2 binding to its global targets and dual treatment of Ro and PRMT5 inhibitors result in synergistic gene expression changes including cell cycle, P53 and MYC signatures. Dual MSI2 and PRMT5 inhibition further blocks c-MYC and BCL-2 translation. BCL-2 depletion or inhibition with venetoclax synergizes with a PRMT5 inhibitor by inducing reduced cell growth and apoptosis. Thus, we propose a therapeutic strategy in lymphoma that combines PRMT5 with MSI2 or BCL-2 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Erazo
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Experimental Therapeutics Center and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chiara M Evans
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Experimental Therapeutics Center and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Zakheim
- Gene Editing and Screening Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eren L Chu
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Experimental Therapeutics Center and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alice Yunsi Refermat
- Gene Editing and Screening Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zahra Asgari
- Lymphoma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xuejing Yang
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Experimental Therapeutics Center and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mariana Da Silva Ferreira
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Experimental Therapeutics Center and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sanjoy Mehta
- Gene Editing and Screening Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marco Vincenzo Russo
- Gene Editing and Screening Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrea Knezevic
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xi-Ping Zhang
- Epigenetics Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Myles Fennell
- Gene Editing and Screening Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ralph Garippa
- Gene Editing and Screening Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Venkatraman Seshan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elisa de Stanchina
- Antitumor Assessment Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Olena Barbash
- Epigenetics Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
| | - Connie Lee Batlevi
- Lymphoma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christina S Leslie
- Computational Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ari M Melnick
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anas Younes
- Lymphoma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Michael G Kharas
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Experimental Therapeutics Center and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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RNA Sequencing of Whole Blood Defines the Signature of High Intensity Exercise at Altitude in Elite Speed Skaters. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13040574. [PMID: 35456380 PMCID: PMC9027771 DOI: 10.3390/genes13040574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although high altitude training has been increasingly popular among endurance athletes, the molecular and cellular bases of this adaptation remain poorly understood. We aimed to define the underlying physiological changes and screen for potential biomarkers of adaptation using transcriptional profiling of whole blood. Seven elite female speed skaters were profiled on the 18th day of high-altitude adaptation. Whole blood RNA-seq before and after an intense 1 h skating bout was used to measure gene expression changes associated with exercise. In order to identify the genes specifically regulated at high altitudes, we have leveraged the data from eight previously published microarray datasets studying blood expression changes after exercise at sea level. Using cell type-specific signatures, we were able to deconvolute changes of cell type abundance from individual gene expression changes. Among these were PHOSPHO1, with a known role in erythropoiesis, and MARC1 with a role in endogenic NO metabolism. We find that platelet and erythrocyte counts uniquely respond to altitude exercise, while changes in neutrophils represent a more generic marker of intense exercise. Publicly available data from both single cell atlases and exercise-related blood profiling dramatically increases the value of whole blood RNA-seq for the dynamic evaluation of physiological changes in an athlete’s body.
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11
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The Role of Non-Coding RNAs in the Regulation of the Proto-Oncogene MYC in Different Types of Cancer. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9080921. [PMID: 34440124 PMCID: PMC8389562 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the expression level of the MYC gene are often found in the cells of various malignant tumors. Overexpressed MYC has been shown to stimulate the main processes of oncogenesis: uncontrolled growth, unlimited cell divisions, avoidance of apoptosis and immune response, changes in cellular metabolism, genomic instability, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Thus, controlling the expression of MYC is considered as an approach for targeted cancer treatment. Since c-Myc is also a crucial regulator of many cellular processes in healthy cells, it is necessary to find ways for selective regulation of MYC expression in tumor cells. Many recent studies have demonstrated that non-coding RNAs play an important role in the regulation of the transcription and translation of this gene and some RNAs directly interact with the c-Myc protein, affecting its stability. In this review, we summarize current data on the regulation of MYC by various non-coding RNAs that can potentially be targeted in specific tumor types.
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12
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Cristini A, Géraud M, Sordet O. Transcription-associated DNA breaks and cancer: A matter of DNA topology. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 364:195-240. [PMID: 34507784 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Transcription is an essential cellular process but also a major threat to genome integrity. Transcription-associated DNA breaks are particularly detrimental as their defective repair can induce gene mutations and oncogenic chromosomal translocations, which are hallmarks of cancer. The past few years have revealed that transcriptional breaks mainly originate from DNA topological problems generated by the transcribing RNA polymerases. Defective removal of transcription-induced DNA torsional stress impacts on transcription itself and promotes secondary DNA structures, such as R-loops, which can induce DNA breaks and genome instability. Paradoxically, as they relax DNA during transcription, topoisomerase enzymes introduce DNA breaks that can also endanger genome integrity. Stabilization of topoisomerases on chromatin by various anticancer drugs or by DNA alterations, can interfere with transcription machinery and cause permanent DNA breaks and R-loops. Here, we review the role of transcription in mediating DNA breaks, and discuss how deregulation of topoisomerase activity can impact on transcription and DNA break formation, and its connection with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnese Cristini
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM, Université de Toulouse, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, CNRS, Toulouse, France.
| | - Mathéa Géraud
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM, Université de Toulouse, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Olivier Sordet
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM, Université de Toulouse, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, CNRS, Toulouse, France.
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13
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Lap CJ, Nassereddine S, Dunleavy K. Novel Biological Insights and New Developments in Management of Burkitt Lymphoma and High-Grade B-Cell Lymphoma. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2021; 22:60. [PMID: 34097157 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-021-00857-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is highly curable, and prompt institution of therapy is critical to achieving optimal outcomes. Although current "standard" approaches are very effective in disease eradication, treatment-related toxicity makes optimal delivery of curative therapy a challenge, especially in older and immunocompromised individuals. Reduced intensity approaches with fewer toxic complications have been the focus of some recent studies. A critical question is if they can replace "standard" approaches by maintaining high curability with improved tolerability. Additionally, new molecular insights in BL biology suggest that in the future, "targeted therapy" approaches may be feasible using small molecule inhibitors and novel strategies. Recently, a new category of aggressive lymphoma named "high-grade B-cell lymphoma (HGBL) with MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6 translocations" has been recognized. This category overlaps clinically and biologically with BL and has an inferior prognosis compared to most B-cell lymphomas, and the optimal approach to its management remains, as yet, undefined. In this review, we discuss the current landscape of BL treatment including recent results with low-intensity regimens and also consider current approaches to HGBL. We also explore how recently elucidated novel biological insights in BL biology may shape future therapeutic directions including the use of novel cellular therapy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coen J Lap
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty Associates, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Samah Nassereddine
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty Associates, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kieron Dunleavy
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.
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14
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Chaudhary S, Brown N, Song JY, Yang L, Skrabek P, Nasr MR, Wong JT, Bedell V, Murata-Collins J, Kochan L, Li J, Zhang W, Chan WC, Weisenburger DD, Perry AM. Relative frequency and clinicopathologic characteristics of MYC-rearranged follicular lymphoma. Hum Pathol 2021; 114:19-27. [PMID: 33964277 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2021.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
MYC rearrangement is a relatively rare genetic abnormality in follicular lymphoma (FL). In this study, we evaluated the relative frequency of MYC rearrangement in 522 cases of FL and studied their clinicopathologic, cytogenetic, and molecular characteristics. Fluorescence in situ hybridization studies for MYC (break-apart probe), MYC/IGH, IGH/BCL2, and BCL6 rearrangements were performed on tissue microarrays. Immunohistochemical stains for CD10, BCL2, BCL6, and MYC were performed and scored on MYC-rearranged cases. On 4 FL cases, a custom targeted panel of 356 genes was used for mutation analysis. Ten cases (1.9%) were positive for MYC rearrangement. Histologically, 6 of 10 cases were grade 1-2, and 4 cases were grade 3A. By immunohistochemistry, 9 of 9 tested cases were CD10+, all cases were BCL6+, and 9/10 cases were BCL2+. MYC protein staining was low in all cases tested. IGH/BCL2 rearrangement was detected in 5 of 9 cases, whereas BCL6 rearrangement was detected in 3 of 7 tested cases and 4 of 10 cases showed MYC/IGH rearrangement. The most commonly detected mutations in the MYC-positive cases included HLA-B, TNFRSF14, and KMT2D. MYC and/or B2M abnormalities were detected in 2 cases. In conclusion, MYC rearrangement is uncommon in FL and these cases do not appear to have specific histologic characteristics. Molecular analysis showed abnormalities in genes associated with transformation, namely MYC and B2M. Larger studies are needed to evaluate if MYC-rearrangement in FL has prognostic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Chaudhary
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Noah Brown
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Joo Y Song
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Lin Yang
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0W2, Canada; Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Pamela Skrabek
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0W2, Canada; Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Michel R Nasr
- Department of Pathology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Jerry T Wong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Victoria Bedell
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Joyce Murata-Collins
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Lindsay Kochan
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Pathology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0W2, Canada; Shared Health Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3C 3H8, Canada
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Wing C Chan
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Dennis D Weisenburger
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Anamarija M Perry
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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15
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Vecchio E, Fiume G, Correnti S, Romano S, Iaccino E, Mimmi S, Maisano D, Nisticò N, Quinto I. Insights about MYC and Apoptosis in B-Lymphomagenesis: An Update from Murine Models. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4265. [PMID: 32549409 PMCID: PMC7352788 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The balance between cell survival and cell death represents an essential part of human tissue homeostasis, while altered apoptosis contributes to several pathologies and can affect the treatment efficacy. Impaired apoptosis is one of the main cancer hallmarks and some types of lymphomas harbor mutations that directly affect key regulators of cell death (such as BCL-2 family members). The development of novel techniques in the field of immunology and new animal models has greatly accelerated our understanding of oncogenic mechanisms in MYC-associated lymphomas. Mouse models are a powerful tool to reveal multiple genes implicated in the genesis of lymphoma and are extensively used to clarify the molecular mechanism of lymphoma, validating the gene function. Key features of MYC-induced apoptosis will be discussed here along with more recent studies on MYC direct and indirect interactors, including their cooperative action in lymphomagenesis. We review our current knowledge about the role of MYC-induced apoptosis in B-cell malignancies, discussing the transcriptional regulation network of MYC and regulatory feedback action of miRs during MYC-driven lymphomagenesis. More importantly, the finding of new modulators of apoptosis now enabling researchers to translate the discoveries that have been made in the laboratory into clinical practice to positively impact human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Vecchio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (G.F.); (S.C.); (S.R.); (E.I.); (S.M.); (D.M.); (N.N.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ileana Quinto
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (G.F.); (S.C.); (S.R.); (E.I.); (S.M.); (D.M.); (N.N.)
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16
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Identification of "Double Hit" Lymphomas Using Updated WHO Criteria: Insights From Routine MYC Immunohistochemistry in 272 Consecutive Cases of Aggressive B-Cell Lymphomas. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2020; 27:410-415. [PMID: 29629947 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Aggressive lymphomas with MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6 translocations ("double hit" lymphomas, DHL) represent a distinct diagnostic category in the updated World Health Organization (WHO) classification. The diagnostic yield of MYC immunohistochemistry (IHC) for the identification of DHL is currently uncertain. MYC IHC was performed in 272 consecutive cases of aggressive B-cell lymphoma, and results correlated with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for MYC translocations. Among 156 patients with IHC and FISH data, MYC IHC identified MYC translocations with 89% sensitivity, 38% specificity, 92% negative predictive value, and 29% positive predictive value. Three of 15 (20%) of DHL were MYC IHC negative. One case contained a MYC translocation detectable IGH/MYC fusion probes but not MYC break-apart probes. A subset of DHL lack MYC protein expression, and recognition of this subset of cases requires FISH testing. These results provide an appropriate diagnostic algorithm for implementation of 2016 WHO diagnostic criteria.
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17
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Coactivation of NF-κB and Notch signaling is sufficient to induce B-cell transformation and enables B-myeloid conversion. Blood 2020; 135:108-120. [PMID: 31697816 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019001438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
NF-κB and Notch signaling can be simultaneously activated in a variety of B-cell lymphomas. Patients with B-cell lymphoma occasionally develop clonally related myeloid tumors with poor prognosis. Whether concurrent activation of both pathways is sufficient to induce B-cell transformation and whether the signaling initiates B-myeloid conversion in a pathological context are largely unknown. Here, we provide genetic evidence that concurrent activation of NF-κB and Notch signaling in committed B cells is sufficient to induce B-cell lymphomatous transformation and primes common progenitor cells to convert to myeloid lineage through dedifferentiation, not transdifferentiation. Intriguingly, the converted myeloid cells can further transform, albeit at low frequency, into myeloid leukemia. Mechanistically, coactivation of NF-κB and Notch signaling endows committed B cells with the ability to self renew. Downregulation of BACH2, a lymphoma and myeloid gene suppressor, but not upregulation of CEBPα and/or downregulation of B-cell transcription factors, is an early event in both B-cell transformation and myeloid conversion. Interestingly, a DNA hypomethylating drug not only effectively eliminated the converted myeloid leukemia cells, but also restored the expression of green fluorescent protein, which had been lost in converted myeloid leukemia cells. Collectively, our results suggest that targeting NF-κB and Notch signaling will not only improve lymphoma treatment, but also prevent the lymphoma-to-myeloid tumor conversion. Importantly, DNA hypomethylating drugs might efficiently treat these converted myeloid neoplasms.
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18
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Robaina MC, Mazzoccoli L, Klumb CE. Germinal Centre B Cell Functions and Lymphomagenesis: Circuits Involving MYC and MicroRNAs. Cells 2019; 8:E1365. [PMID: 31683676 PMCID: PMC6912346 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transcription factor MYC regulates several biological cellular processes, and its target gene network comprises approximately 15% of all human genes, including microRNAs (miRNAs), that also contribute to MYC regulatory activity. Although miRNAs are emerging as key regulators of immune functions, the specific roles of miRNAs in the regulation/dysregulation of germinal centre B-cells and B-cell lymphomas are still being uncovered. The regulatory network that integrates MYC, target genes and miRNAs is a field of intense study, highlighting potential pathways to be explored in the context of future clinical approaches. METHODS The scientific literature that is indexed in PUBMED was consulted for publications involving MYC and miRNAs with validated bioinformatics analyses or experimental protocols. Additionally, seminal studies on germinal centre B-cell functions and lymphomagenesis were reported. CONCLUSIONS This review summarizes the interactions between MYC and miRNAs through regulatory loops and circuits involving target genes in germinal centre B-cell lymphomas with MYC alterations. Moreover, we provide an overview of the understanding of the regulatory networks between MYC and miRNAs, highlighting the potential implication of this approach for the comprehension of germinal centre B-cell lymphoma pathogenesis. Therefore, circuits involving MYC, target genes and miRNAs provide novel insight into lymphomagenesis that could be useful for new improved therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Cristina Robaina
- Programa de Pesquisa em Hemato-Oncologia Molecular, Coordenação de Pesquisa, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 20230-130, Brazil.
| | - Luciano Mazzoccoli
- Programa de Pesquisa em Hemato-Oncologia Molecular, Coordenação de Pesquisa, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 20230-130, Brazil.
| | - Claudete Esteves Klumb
- Programa de Pesquisa em Hemato-Oncologia Molecular, Coordenação de Pesquisa, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 20230-130, Brazil.
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19
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Filip D, Mraz M. The role of MYC in the transformation and aggressiveness of ‘indolent’ B-cell malignancies. Leuk Lymphoma 2019; 61:510-524. [DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2019.1675877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Filip
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Mraz
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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20
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Scala M, Morana G, Sementa AR, Merla G, Piatelli G, Capra V, Pavanello M. Aggressive desmoid fibromatosis in Kabuki syndrome: Expanding the tumor spectrum. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2019; 66:e27831. [PMID: 31131956 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.27831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Scala
- Department of Neurosurgery, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Morana
- Neuroradiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Merla
- Division of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Gianluca Piatelli
- Department of Neurosurgery, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Valeria Capra
- Department of Neurosurgery, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Pavanello
- Department of Neurosurgery, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
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21
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B Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma With Burkitt-like Morphology and IGH/MYC Rearrangement: Report of 3 Cases in Adult Patients. Am J Surg Pathol 2019; 42:269-276. [PMID: 29112016 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000000982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Isolated MYC rearrangement without other recurrent genetic abnormalities is rare in B lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (B-ALL/LBL), with most cases reported in pediatric patients. We report 3 adult cases with lymphoblasts showing a precursor B cell immunophenotype, and isolated MYC/IGH translocation. All 3 cases occurred in male patients with initial presentation of diffuse lymphadenopathy. Cases 1 and 2 had B-ALL with significantly increased lymphoblasts in peripheral blood and bone marrow. Case 3, a patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection, had the diagnosis of B-LBL made on a retroperitoneal lymph node biopsy and had no peripheral blood or bone marrow involvement. The leukemic and lymphoma cells in all 3 cases demonstrated Burkitt lymphoma-like morphology with deeply basophilic cytoplasm and numerous cytoplasmic vacuoles. However, all 3 had immature immunophenotypes including expression of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT), absence of BCL6, and dim-to-negative CD45. CD20 was largely negative in 2 of 3 cases. All 3 had confirmed MYC/IGH translocation, but lacked rearrangements of BCL2 or BCL6. EBV was negative by Epstein-Barr virus encoded small RNA in situ hybridization. Treatment protocols varied, including both high-risk ALL-type (protocol 8707) and high-grade lymphoma regimens (hyper-CVAD [cyclophosphamide, vincristine, adriamycin, and dexamethasone]), but no patient achieved continuous complete remission. These cases seem to represent a distinct biological phenomenon, in which a MYC translocation may be acquired at an immature stage of differentiation, thus manifesting features of both B-ALL/LBL and Burkitt lymphoma.
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22
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Identification and targeting of novel CDK9 complexes in acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 2018; 133:1171-1185. [PMID: 30587525 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-08-870089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of mTOR signaling in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) results in a survival advantage that promotes the malignant phenotype. To improve our understanding of factors that contribute to mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling activation and identify novel therapeutic targets, we searched for unique interactors of mTOR complexes through proteomics analyses. We identify cyclin dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) as a novel binding partner of the mTOR complex scaffold protein, mLST8. Our studies demonstrate that CDK9 is present in distinct mTOR-like (CTOR) complexes in the cytoplasm and nucleus. In the nucleus, CDK9 binds to RAPTOR and mLST8, forming CTORC1, to promote transcription of genes important for leukemogenesis. In the cytoplasm, CDK9 binds to RICTOR, SIN1, and mLST8, forming CTORC2, and controls messenger RNA (mRNA) translation through phosphorylation of LARP1 and rpS6. Pharmacological targeting of CTORC complexes results in suppression of growth of primitive human AML progenitors in vitro and elicits strong antileukemic responses in AML xenografts in vivo.
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23
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Takimoto-Shimomura T, Tsukamoto T, Maegawa S, Fujibayashi Y, Matsumura-Kimoto Y, Mizuno Y, Chinen Y, Shimura Y, Mizutani S, Horiike S, Taniwaki M, Kobayashi T, Kuroda J. Dual targeting of bromodomain-containing 4 by AZD5153 and BCL2 by AZD4320 against B-cell lymphomas concomitantly overexpressing c-MYC and BCL2. Invest New Drugs 2018; 37:210-222. [PMID: 29931583 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-018-0623-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Despite the recent therapeutic progress, the prognoses of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) that concomitantly overexpress c-MYC and BCL2, i.e., double hit lymphoma (DHL) and double expressing lymphoma (DEL), remain poor. This study examined triple targeting of c-MYC, BCL2 and the B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathway for DHL and DEL. We first used AZD5153, a novel bivalent inhibitor for bromodomain-containing 4 (BRD4), in DHL- and DEL-derived cell lines, because BRD4 regulates disease type-oriented key molecules for oncogenesis. AZD5153 was more effective than conventional monovalent BRD4 inhibitors, JQ1 and I-BET151, in inhibiting cell proliferation of a DHL-derived cell line and two DEL-derived cell lines, with at least 10-fold lower half growth inhibitory concentrations. AZD5153 caused G1/S cell cycle blockade, while the apoptosis-inducing effect was relatively modest. At the molecular level, AZD5153 was potent in downregulating various molecules for oncogenesis, such as c-MYC, AKT2 and MAP3K; those involved in the BCR signaling pathway, such as CD19, BLNK and CD79B; and those associated with B-cell development, such as IKZF1, IKZF3, PAX5, POU2AF1 and EBF1. In contrast, AZD5153 did not decrease anti-apoptotic BCL2 proteins, and did not activate pro-apoptotic BH3-only proteins, except BAD. To augment cell death induction, we added a novel BH3-mimicking BCL2 inhibitor AZD4320 to AZD5153, and found that these two agents had a mostly synergistic antitumor effect by increasing cells undergoing apoptosis in all three cell lines. These results provide a rationale for dual targeting of BRD4 and BCL2 using AZD5153 and AZD4320 as a therapeutic strategy against DHL and DEL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Takimoto-Shimomura
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Taku Tsukamoto
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Saori Maegawa
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yuto Fujibayashi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yayoi Matsumura-Kimoto
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Mizuno
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Chinen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yuji Shimura
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Mizutani
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Shigeo Horiike
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Masafumi Taniwaki
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Kobayashi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Junya Kuroda
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.
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McCrea EM, Lee DK, Sissung TM, Figg WD. Precision medicine applications in prostate cancer. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2018; 10:1758835918776920. [PMID: 29977347 PMCID: PMC6024288 DOI: 10.1177/1758835918776920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aided by developments in diagnostics and therapeutics, healthcare is increasingly moving toward precision medicine, in which treatment is customized to each individual. We discuss the relevance of precision medicine in prostate cancer, including gene targets, therapeutics and resistance mechanisms. We foresee precision medicine becoming an integral component of prostate cancer management to increase response to therapy and prolong survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edel M. McCrea
- Molecular Pharmacology Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel K. Lee
- Medical Oncology Service, and the Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tristan M. Sissung
- Clinical Pharmacology Program, Office of the Clinical Director, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - William D. Figg
- Clinical Pharmacology Program, Office of the Clinical Director, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville Pike, Bldg 10/Room 5A01, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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25
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Paliouras AR, Monteverde T, Garofalo M. Oncogene-induced regulation of microRNA expression: Implications for cancer initiation, progression and therapy. Cancer Lett 2018; 421:152-160. [PMID: 29476790 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A plethora of tumours have characteristic oncogenic mutations which are the main causes of malignant transformation, exerting their effects through multiple signalling pathways. Downstream of such pathways, microRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression, assisting or antagonizing oncogenic signalling. The differential expression of microRNAs in cancer is well-documented and is considered a fundamental aspect of tumourigenesis. While data mapping the interaction between oncogenic lesions and microRNAs are accruing, we provide particular cases of such interaction. Except for notable, well-studied examples of microRNAs regulated by oncogenes, we examine the effect of this relationship in regard to tumour initiation, progression, metastasis and ultimately, its implications for the development of new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios R Paliouras
- Transcriptional Networks in Lung Cancer, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, M20 4GJ, Manchester, UK
| | - Tiziana Monteverde
- Transcriptional Networks in Lung Cancer, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, M20 4GJ, Manchester, UK
| | - Michela Garofalo
- Transcriptional Networks in Lung Cancer, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, M20 4GJ, Manchester, UK.
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26
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OSR1 is a novel epigenetic silenced tumor suppressor regulating invasion and proliferation in renal cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 8:30008-30018. [PMID: 28404905 PMCID: PMC5444721 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most malignant tumors in human. Here, we found that odd-skipped related transcription factor 1 (OSR1) was downregulated in 769-P and 786-O cells due to promoter CpG methylation. OSR1 expression could be restored by pharmacological demethylation treatment in silenced cell lines. Knockdown of OSR1 in two normal expressed cell lines- A498 and ACHN promoted cell invasion and cellular proliferation. RNA-Sequencing analysis showed that expression profile of genes involved in multiple cancer-related pathways was changed when OSR1 was downregulated. By quantitative real-time PCR, we confirmed that depletion of OSR1 repressed the expression of several tumor suppresor genes involved in p53 pathway, such as p53, p21, p27, p57 and RB in A498 and ACHN. Moreover, knockdown of OSR1 suppressed the transcriptional activity of p53. Of note, OSR1 depletion also led to increased expression of a few oncogenic genes. We further evaluated the clinical significance of OSR1 in primary human RCC specimens by immunohistochemical staining and found that OSR1 expression was downregulated in primary RCC and negatively correlated with histological grade. Thus, our data indicate that OSR1 is a novel tumor suppressor gene in RCC. Downregulation of OSR1 might represent a potentially prognostic marker and therapeutic target for RCC.
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27
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Franchina DG, Grusdat M, Brenner D. B-Cell Metabolic Remodeling and Cancer. Trends Cancer 2018; 4:138-150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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28
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Targeting autophagy in lymphomas: a double-edged sword? Int J Hematol 2018; 107:502-512. [DOI: 10.1007/s12185-018-2414-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Martin A, Medlin E. Primary, non-germinal center, double-expressor diffuse large B cell lymphoma confined to a uterine leiomyoma: A case report. Gynecol Oncol Rep 2017; 22:78-81. [PMID: 29159259 PMCID: PMC5678734 DOI: 10.1016/j.gore.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary lymphoma of the female genital tract accounts for 1% of extranodal lymphomas. Approximately 13% are diffuse large B cell lymphoma of the uterus, most often involving the endometrial stroma or cervix. The first double-expressor diffuse large B cell lymphoma confined to a uterine leiomyoma is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Martin
- Corresponding author at: 529 South Jackson Street, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States.529 South Jackson StreetLouisvilleKentucky40202United States
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30
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Role of MYC in B Cell Lymphomagenesis. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8040115. [PMID: 28375188 PMCID: PMC5406862 DOI: 10.3390/genes8040115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
B cell lymphomas mainly arise from different developmental stages of B cells in germinal centers of secondary lymphoid tissue. There are a number of signaling pathways that affect the initiation and development of B cell lymphomagenesis. The functions of several key proteins that represent branching points of signaling networks are changed because of their aberrant expression, degradation, and/or accumulation, and those events determine the fate of the affected B cells. One of the most influential transcription factors, commonly associated with unfavorable prognosis for patients with B cell lymphoma, is nuclear phosphoprotein MYC. During B cell lymphomagenesis, oncogenic MYC variant is deregulated through various mechanisms, such as gene translocation, gene amplification, and epigenetic deregulation of its expression. Owing to alterations of downstream signaling cascades, MYC-overexpressing neoplastic B cells proliferate rapidly, avoid apoptosis, and become unresponsive to most conventional treatments. This review will summarize the roles of MYC in B cell development and oncogenesis, as well as its significance for current B cell lymphoma classification. We compared communication networks within transformed B cells in different lymphomas affected by overexpressed MYC and conducted a meta-analysis concerning the association of MYC with tumor prognosis in different patient populations.
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31
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Provencio M, Rodríguez M, Cantos B, Sabín P, Quero C, García-Arroyo FR, Rueda A, Maximiano C, Rodríguez-Abreu D, Sánchez A, Silva J, García V. mRNA in exosomas as a liquid biopsy in non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: a multicentric study by the Spanish Lymphoma Oncology Group. Oncotarget 2017; 8:50949-50957. [PMID: 28881619 PMCID: PMC5584220 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the feasibility of mRNAs (C-MYC, BCL-XL, BCL-6, NF-κβ, PTEN and AKT) in exosomes of plasma as a liquid biopsy method for monitoring and prognostic evolution in B-cell lymphomas. PATIENTS AND METHODS Exosomes were isolated from 98 patients with B-cell Lymphoma and 68 healthy controls. mRNAs were analyzed by quantitative PCR. An additional 31 post-treatment samples were also studied. RESULTS In the general and follicular lymphoma series, the presence of AKT mRNA was associated with poor response to rituximab-based treatment. Patients with first relapse or disease progression showed a lower percentage of PTEN and BCL-XL mRNA. The presence of BCL-6 mRNA was associated with a high death rate. The absence of PTEN mRNA in the general series, and presence of C-MYC mRNA in follicular lymphomas, were associated with short progression-free survival. BCL-6 and C-MYC mRNA were independent prognostic variables of overall survival. C-MYC mRNA may provide prognostic information with respect to overall survival. BCL-XL mRNA and increase of BCL-6 mRNA in post-treatment samples could serve as molecular monitoring markers. CONCLUSIONS This is the first large study to evaluate the prognostic and predictive values of pretreatment tumor-associated mRNA in exosomes. BCL-6 and C-MYC mRNA positivity in pretreatment samples were predictors of worse PFS compared to patients with mRNA negativity. C-MYC mRNA positivity was also a statistically significant predictor of inability to obtain complete response with first-line therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Provencio
- Department of Medical Oncology, IDIPHIM, University Hospital Puerta de Hierro Research Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Rodríguez
- Department of Medical Oncology, IDIPHIM, University Hospital Puerta de Hierro Research Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Cantos
- Department of Medical Oncology, IDIPHIM, University Hospital Puerta de Hierro Research Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Sabín
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gregorio Marañon Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Quero
- Department of Radiotherapy, Virgen de la Victoria Clinic University Hospital, Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Rueda
- Department of Medical Oncology, Costa del Sol Hospital, Marbella, Spain
| | - Constanza Maximiano
- Department of Medical Oncology, IDIPHIM, University Hospital Puerta de Hierro Research Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Delvys Rodríguez-Abreu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gran Canaria University Hospital, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Antonio Sánchez
- Department of Medical Oncology, IDIPHIM, University Hospital Puerta de Hierro Research Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Silva
- Department of Medical Oncology, IDIPHIM, University Hospital Puerta de Hierro Research Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanesa García
- Department of Medical Oncology, IDIPHIM, University Hospital Puerta de Hierro Research Institute, Madrid, Spain.,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, IdISSC, Clinico San Carlos University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
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Beheshti A, Vanderburg C, McDonald JT, Ramkumar C, Kadungure T, Zhang H, Gartenhaus RB, Evens AM. A Circulating microRNA Signature Predicts Age-Based Development of Lymphoma. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170521. [PMID: 28107482 PMCID: PMC5249061 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive epidemiological data have demonstrated an exponential rise in the incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) that is associated with increasing age. The molecular etiology of this remains largely unknown, which impacts the effectiveness of treatment for patients. We proposed that age-dependent circulating microRNA (miRNA) signatures in the host influence diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) development. Our objective was to examine tumor development in an age-based DLBCL system using an inventive systems biology approach. We harnessed a novel murine model of spontaneous DLBCL initiation (Smurf2-deficient) at two age groups: 3 and 15 months old. All Smurf2-deficient mice develop visible DLBCL tumor starting at 15 months of age. Total miRNA was isolated from serum, bone marrow and spleen and were collected for all age groups for Smurf2-deficient mice and age-matched wild-type C57BL/6 mice. Using systems biology techniques, we identified a list of 10 circulating miRNAs being regulated in both the spleen and bone marrow that were present in DLBCL forming mice starting at 3 months of age that were not present in the control mice. Furthermore, this miRNA signature was found to occur circulating in the blood and it strongly impacted JUN and MYC oncogenic signaling. In addition, quantification of the miRNA signature was performed via Droplet Digital PCR technology. It was discovered that a key miRNA signature circulates throughout a host prior to the formation of a tumor starting at 3 months old, which becomes further modulated by age and yielded calculation of a ‘carcinogenic risk score’. This novel age-based circulating miRNA signature may potentially be leveraged as a DLBCL risk profile at a young age to predict future lymphoma development or disease progression as well as for potential innovative miRNA-based targeted therapeutic strategies in lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Beheshti
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Charles Vanderburg
- Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - J. Tyson McDonald
- Cancer Research Center, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Charusheila Ramkumar
- Department of Cell Biology and Development, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Tatenda Kadungure
- Department of Cell Biology and Development, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Development, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ronald B. Gartenhaus
- Marlene & Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Andrew M. Evens
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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33
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Prognostic impact of concurrent MYC and BCL6 rearrangements and expression in de novo diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Oncotarget 2016; 7:2401-16. [PMID: 26573234 PMCID: PMC4823044 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Double-hit B-cell lymphoma is a common designation for a group of tumors characterized by concurrent translocations of MYC and BCL2, BCL6, or other genes. The prognosis of concurrent MYC and BCL6 translocations is not well known. In this study, we assessed rearrangements and expression of MYC, BCL2 and BCL6 in 898 patients with de novo diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with standard chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone plus rituximab). Neither BCL6 translocation alone (more frequent in activated B-cell like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma) nor in combination with MYC translocation (observed in 2.0% of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma) predicted poorer survival in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients with MYC/BCL6 co-expression did have significantly poorer survival, however, MYC/BCL6 co-expression had no effect on prognosis in the absence of MYC/BCL2 co-expression, and had no additive impact in MYC+/BCL2+ cases. The isolated MYC+/BCL6+/BCL2− subset, more frequent in germinal center B-cell like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, had significantly better survival compared with the isolated MYC+/BCL2+/BCL6− subset (more frequent in activated B-cell like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma). In summary, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients with either MYC/BCL6 rearrangements or MYC/BCL6 co-expression did not always have poorer prognosis; MYC expression levels should be evaluated simultaneously; and double-hit B-cell lymphoma needs to be refined based on the specific genetic abnormalities present in these tumors.
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34
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Zubair H, Azim S, Srivastava SK, Ahmad A, Bhardwaj A, Khan MA, Patel GK, Arora S, Carter JE, Singh S, Singh AP. Glucose Metabolism Reprogrammed by Overexpression of IKKε Promotes Pancreatic Tumor Growth. Cancer Res 2016; 76:7254-7264. [PMID: 27923829 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-1666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant expression of the kinase IKKε in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has been associated with poor prognosis. In this study, we define a pathobiologic function for IKKε in reprogramming glucose metabolism and driving progression in PDAC. Silencing IKKε in PDAC cells, which overexpressed it endogenously, was sufficient to reduce malignant cell growth, clonogenic potential, glucose consumption, lactate secretion, and expression of genes involved in glucose metabolism, without impacting the basal oxygen consumption rate. IKKε silencing also attenuated c-Myc in a manner associated with diminished signaling through an AKT/GSK3β/c-MYC phosphorylation cascade that promoted MYC nuclear accumulation. In an orthotopic mouse model, IKKε-silenced PDAC exhibited a relative reduction in glucose uptake, tumorigenicity, and metastasis. Overall, our findings offer a preclinical mechanistic rationale to target IKKε to improve the therapeutic management of PDAC in patients. Cancer Res; 76(24); 7254-64. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haseeb Zubair
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Shafquat Azim
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Srivastava
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Aamir Ahmad
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Arun Bhardwaj
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Mohammad Aslam Khan
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Girijesh Kumar Patel
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Sumit Arora
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - James Elliot Carter
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Seema Singh
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Ajay Pratap Singh
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
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35
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Poirel HA, Vikkula M. Age-related heterogeneity of Burkitt lymphoma: response to Mbulaiteye and Anderson. Br J Haematol 2016; 180:155-156. [PMID: 27612331 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hélène A Poirel
- Centre for Human Genetics, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc - Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Human Molecular Genetics (GEHU), de Duve Institute - Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Miikka Vikkula
- Human Molecular Genetics (GEHU), de Duve Institute - Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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36
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet E Manasanch
- a Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma , University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
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37
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Quesada AE, Liu H, Miranda RN, Golardi N, Billah S, Medeiros LJ, Jaso JM. Burkitt lymphoma presenting as a mass in the thyroid gland: a clinicopathologic study of 7 cases and review of the literature. Hum Pathol 2016; 56:101-8. [PMID: 27257042 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2016.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Burkitt lymphoma presenting in the thyroid gland is rare, and only a few cases have been reported. We retrospectively reviewed 7 patients diagnosed with Burkitt lymphoma of the thyroid gland between 2000 and 2015. There were 4 men and 3 women with a median age of 41 years (range, 19-49 years). All patients presented with a rapidly growing neck mass associated with upper airway compression in 5 (71%) patients. Two patients presented with localized (stage I/II) and 5 patients with disseminated (stage III/IV) disease. All cases showed morphologic and immunophenotypic features of Burkitt lymphoma with MYC rearrangement in all 5 cases tested. One case showed evidence of concurrent Hashimoto thyroiditis. Six of 7 patients were treated primarily with rituximab, hyperfractionated cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone. One patient was treated primarily with dose-adjusted rituximab, etoposide, prednisolone, vincristine, and cyclophosphamide. At the end of the study period, 5 patients were alive: 4 in complete remission and 1 with persistent disease. Two patients died with persistent disease (median follow-up, 25 months; range, 12-361 months). We conclude that Burkitt lymphoma of the thyroid gland shows clinicopathologic features similar to sporadic Burkitt lymphoma at other anatomic sites, but patients present at an older median age. The clinical course is aggressive with a high frequency of disseminated disease at diagnosis; however, a subset of patients responds well to aggressive chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés E Quesada
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Huifei Liu
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Roberto N Miranda
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Natalia Golardi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shahreen Billah
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - L Jeffrey Medeiros
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jesse Manuel Jaso
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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38
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Clinical features, tumor biology, and prognosis associated with MYC rearrangement and Myc overexpression in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients treated with rituximab-CHOP. Mod Pathol 2015; 28:1555-73. [PMID: 26541272 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2015.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
MYC dysregulation, including MYC gene rearrangement and Myc protein overexpression, is of increasing clinical importance in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). However, the roles of MYC and the relative importance of rearrangement vs overexpression remain to be refined. Gaining knowledge about the tumor biology associated with MYC dysregulation is important to understand the roles of MYC and MYC-associated biology in lymphomagenesis. In this study, we determined MYC rearrangement status (n=344) and Myc expression (n=535) in a well-characterized DLBCL cohort, individually assessed the clinical and pathobiological features of patients with MYC rearrangement and Myc protein overexpression, and analyzed the prognosis and gene expression profiling signatures associated with these MYC abnormalities in germinal center B-cell-like and activated B-cell-like DLBCL. Our results showed that the prognostic importance of MYC rearrangement vs Myc overexpression is significantly different in germinal center B-cell-like vs activated B-cell-like DLBCL. In germinal center B-cell-like DLBCL, MYC-rearranged germinal center B-cell-like DLBCL patients with Myc overexpression significantly contributed to the clinical, biological, and prognostic characteristics of the overall Myc-overexpressing germinal center B-cell-like DLBCL group. In contrast, in activated B-cell-like DLBCL, the occurrence, clinical and biological features, and prognosis of Myc overexpression were independent of MYC rearrangement. High Myc levels and Myc-independent mechanisms, either tumor cell intrinsic or related to tumor microenvironment, conferred significantly worse survival to MYC-rearranged germinal center B-cell-like DLBCL patients, even among Myc(high)Bcl-2(high) DLBCL patients. This study provides new insight into the tumor biology and prognostic effects associated with MYC dysregulation and suggest that detection of both MYC translocations and evaluation of Myc and Bcl-2 expression is necessary to predict the prognosis of DLBCL patients.
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