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Kalyvas AC, Dimitriou M, Ioannidis P, Grigoriadis N, Afrantou T. Alzheimer's Disease and Epilepsy: Exploring Shared Pathways and Promising Biomarkers for Future Treatments. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3879. [PMID: 38999445 PMCID: PMC11242231 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13133879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) and epilepsy represent two complex neurological disorders with distinct clinical manifestations, yet recent research has highlighted their intricate interplay. This review examines the association between AD and epilepsy, with particular emphasis on late-onset epilepsy of unknown etiology, increasingly acknowledged as a prodrome of AD. It delves into epidemiology, pathogenic mechanisms, clinical features, diagnostic characteristics, treatment strategies, and emerging biomarkers to provide a comprehensive understanding of this relationship. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted, identifying 128 relevant articles published between 2018 and 2024. Results: Findings underscore a bidirectional relationship between AD and epilepsy, indicating shared pathogenic pathways that extend beyond traditional amyloid-beta and Tau protein pathology. These pathways encompass neuroinflammation, synaptic dysfunction, structural and network alterations, as well as molecular mechanisms. Notably, epileptic activity in AD patients may exacerbate cognitive decline, necessitating prompt detection and treatment. Novel biomarkers, such as subclinical epileptiform activity detected via advanced electroencephalographic techniques, offer promise for early diagnosis and targeted interventions. Furthermore, emerging therapeutic approaches targeting shared pathogenic mechanisms hold potential for disease modification in both AD and epilepsy. Conclusions: This review highlights the importance of understanding the relationship between AD and epilepsy, providing insights into future research directions. Clinical data and diagnostic methods are also reviewed, enabling clinicians to implement more effective treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios-Christos Kalyvas
- 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Dimitriou
- 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Ioannidis
- 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Grigoriadis
- 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theodora Afrantou
- 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
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2
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Pierson SR, Kolling LJ, James TD, Pushpavathi SG, Marcinkiewcz CA. Serotonergic dysfunction may mediate the relationship between alcohol consumption and Alzheimer's disease. Pharmacol Res 2024; 203:107171. [PMID: 38599469 PMCID: PMC11088857 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The impact of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its related dementias is rapidly expanding, and its mitigation remains an urgent social and technical challenge. To date there are no effective treatments or interventions for AD, but recent studies suggest that alcohol consumption is correlated with the risk of developing dementia. In this review, we synthesize data from preclinical, clinical, and epidemiological models to evaluate the combined role of alcohol consumption and serotonergic dysfunction in AD, underscoring the need for further research on this topic. We first discuss the limitations inherent to current data-collection methods, and how neuropsychiatric symptoms common among AD, alcohol use disorder, and serotonergic dysfunction may mask their co-occurrence. We additionally describe how excess alcohol consumption may accelerate the development of AD via direct effects on serotonergic function, and we explore the roles of neuroinflammation and proteostasis in mediating the relationship between serotonin, alcohol consumption, and AD. Lastly, we argue for a shift in current research to disentangle the pathogenic effects of alcohol on early-affected brainstem structures in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha R Pierson
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, United States
| | - Louis J Kolling
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, United States
| | - Thomas D James
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, United States
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3
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Albadrani HM, Chauhan P, Ashique S, Babu MA, Iqbal D, Almutary AG, Abomughaid MM, Kamal M, Paiva-Santos AC, Alsaweed M, Hamed M, Sachdeva P, Dewanjee S, Jha SK, Ojha S, Slama P, Jha NK. Mechanistic insights into the potential role of dietary polyphenols and their nanoformulation in the management of Alzheimer's disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116376. [PMID: 38508080 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a very common neurodegenerative disorder associated with memory loss and a progressive decline in cognitive activity. The two major pathophysiological factors responsible for AD are amyloid plaques (comprising amyloid-beta aggregates) and neurofibrillary tangles (consisting of hyperphosphorylated tau protein). Polyphenols, a class of naturally occurring compounds, are immensely beneficial for the treatment or management of various disorders and illnesses. Naturally occurring sources of polyphenols include plants and plant-based foods, such as fruits, herbs, tea, vegetables, coffee, red wine, and dark chocolate. Polyphenols have unique properties, such as being the major source of anti-oxidants and possessing anti-aging and anti-cancerous properties. Currently, dietary polyphenols have become a potential therapeutic approach for the management of AD, depending on various research findings. Dietary polyphenols can be an effective strategy to tackle multifactorial events that occur with AD. For instance, naturally occurring polyphenols have been reported to exhibit neuroprotection by modulating the Aβ biogenesis pathway in AD. Many nanoformulations have been established to enhance the bioavailability of polyphenols, with nanonization being the most promising. This review comprehensively provides mechanistic insights into the neuroprotective potential of dietary polyphenols in treating AD. It also reviews the usability of dietary polyphenol as nanoformulation for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hind Muteb Albadrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Province 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Payal Chauhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanad University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India
| | - Sumel Ashique
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bengal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research, Durgapur 713212, West Bengal, India
| | - M Arockia Babu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, India
| | - Danish Iqbal
- Department of Health Information Management, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Buraydah Private Colleges, Buraydah 51418, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmajeed G Almutary
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mosleh Mohammad Abomughaid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mehnaz Kamal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ana Cláudia Paiva-Santos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mohammed Alsaweed
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Munerah Hamed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Zoology, Kalindi College, University of Delhi, 110008, India
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Petr Slama
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India; Centre of Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University, Rajpura- 140401, Punjab, India.; School of Bioengineering & Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India; Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India.
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4
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Qneibi M, Bdir S, Maayeh C, Bdair M, Sandouka D, Basit D, Hallak M. A Comprehensive Review of Essential Oils and Their Pharmacological Activities in Neurological Disorders: Exploring Neuroprotective Potential. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:258-289. [PMID: 37768469 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-04032-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated essential oils' diverse chemical compositions and pharmacological properties encompassing antinociceptive, anxiolytic-like, and anticonvulsant activities, among other notable effects. The utilization of essential oils, whether inhaled, orally ingested, or applied topically, has commonly been employed as adjunctive therapy for individuals experiencing anxiety, insomnia, convulsions, pain, and cognitive impairment. The utilization of synthetic medications in the treatment of various disorders and symptoms is associated with a wide array of negative consequences. Consequently, numerous research groups across the globe have been prompted to explore the efficacy of natural alternatives such as essential oils. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the existing literature on the pharmacological properties of essential oils and their derived compounds and the underlying mechanisms responsible for these observed effects. The primary emphasis is on essential oils and their constituents, specifically targeting the nervous system and exhibiting significant potential in treating neurodegenerative disorders. The current state of research in this field is characterized by its preliminary nature, highlighting the necessity for a more comprehensive overlook of the therapeutic advantages of essential oils and their components. Integrating essential oils into conventional therapies can enhance the effectiveness of comprehensive treatment regimens for neurodegenerative diseases, offering a more holistic approach to addressing the multifaceted nature of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Qneibi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.
| | - Sosana Bdir
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | | | - Mohammad Bdair
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Dana Sandouka
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Diana Basit
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Mira Hallak
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
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5
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Bajaj S, Mahesh R. Converged avenues: depression and Alzheimer's disease- shared pathophysiology and novel therapeutics. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:225. [PMID: 38281208 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09170-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Depression, a highly prevalent disorder affecting over 280 million people worldwide, is comorbid with many neurological disorders, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD). Depression and AD share overlapping pathophysiology, and the search for accountable biological substrates made it an essential and intriguing field of research. The paper outlines the neurobiological pathways coinciding with depression and AD, including neurotrophin signalling, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA), cellular apoptosis, neuroinflammation, and other aetiological factors. Understanding overlapping pathways is crucial in identifying common pathophysiological substrates that can be targeted for effective management of disease state. Antidepressants, particularly monoaminergic drugs (first-line therapy), are shown to have modest or no clinical benefits. Regardless of the ineffectiveness of conventional antidepressants, these drugs remain the mainstay for treating depressive symptoms in AD. To overcome the ineffectiveness of traditional pharmacological agents in treating comorbid conditions, a novel therapeutic class has been discussed in the paper. This includes neurotransmitter modulators, glutamatergic system modulators, mitochondrial modulators, antioxidant agents, HPA axis targeted therapy, inflammatory system targeted therapy, neurogenesis targeted therapy, repurposed anti-diabetic agents, and others. The primary clinical challenge is the development of therapeutic agents and the effective diagnosis of the comorbid condition for which no specific diagnosable scale is present. Hence, introducing Artificial Intelligence (AI) into the healthcare system is revolutionary. AI implemented with interdisciplinary strategies (neuroimaging, EEG, molecular biomarkers) bound to have accurate clinical interpretation of symptoms. Moreover, AI has the potential to forecast neurodegenerative and psychiatric illness much in advance before visible/observable clinical symptoms get precipitated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivanshu Bajaj
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Radhakrishnan Mahesh
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, 333031, Rajasthan, India.
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6
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Khan KM, Balasubramanian N, Gaudencio G, Wang R, Selvakumar GP, Kolling L, Pierson S, Tadinada SM, Abel T, Hefti M, Marcinkiewcz CA. Human tau-overexpressing mice recapitulate brainstem involvement and neuropsychiatric features of early Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:57. [PMID: 37009893 PMCID: PMC10069039 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01546-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses an ever-increasing public health concern as the population ages, affecting more than 6 million Americans. AD patients present with mood and sleep changes in the prodromal stages that may be partly driven by loss of monoaminergic neurons in the brainstem, but a causal relationship has not been firmly established. This is due in part to a dearth of animal models that recapitulate early AD neuropathology and symptoms. The goal of the present study was to evaluate depressive and anxiety-like behaviors in a mouse model of AD that overexpresses human wild-type tau (htau) prior to the onset of cognitive impairments and assess these behavior changes in relationship to tau pathology, neuroinflammation, and monoaminergic dysregulation in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) and locus coeruleus (LC). We observed depressive-like behaviors at 4 months in both sexes and hyperlocomotion in male htau mice. Deficits in social interaction persisted at 6 months and were accompanied by an increase in anxiety-like behavior in males. The behavioral changes at 4 months coincided with a lower density of serotonergic (5-HT) neurons, downregulation of 5-HT markers, reduced excitability of 5-HT neurons, and hyperphosphorylated tau in the DRN. Inflammatory markers were also upregulated in the DRN along with protein kinases and transglutaminase 2, which may promote tau phosphorylation and aggregation. Loss of 5-HT innervation to the entorhinal cortex and dentate gyrus of the hippocampus was also observed and may have contributed to depressive-like behaviors. There was also reduced expression of noradrenergic markers in the LC along with elevated phospho-tau expression, but this did not translate to a functional change in neuronal excitability. In total, these results suggest that tau pathology in brainstem monoaminergic nuclei and the resulting loss of serotonergic and/or noradrenergic drive may underpin depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors in the early stages of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanza M Khan
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, 2-430 Bowen Science Building, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Psychological Sciences Department, Daemen University, Amherst, NY, 14226, USA
| | - Nagalakshmi Balasubramanian
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, 2-430 Bowen Science Building, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Gabriel Gaudencio
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, 2-430 Bowen Science Building, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Ruixiang Wang
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, 2-430 Bowen Science Building, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | | | - Louis Kolling
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, 2-430 Bowen Science Building, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Samantha Pierson
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, 2-430 Bowen Science Building, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Satya M Tadinada
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, 2-430 Bowen Science Building, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Ted Abel
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, 2-430 Bowen Science Building, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Marco Hefti
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Catherine A Marcinkiewcz
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, 2-430 Bowen Science Building, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
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7
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Cabral-Marques O, Moll G, Catar R, Preuß B, Bankamp L, Pecher AC, Henes J, Klein R, Kamalanathan AS, Akbarzadeh R, van Oostveen W, Hohberger B, Endres M, Koolmoes B, Levarht N, Postma R, van Duinen V, van Zonneveld AJ, de Vries-Bouwstra J, Fehres C, Tran F, do Vale FYN, da Silva Souza KB, Filgueiras IS, Schimke LF, Baiocchi GC, de Miranda GC, da Fonseca DLM, Freire PP, Hackel AM, Grasshoff H, Stähle A, Müller A, Dechend R, Yu X, Petersen F, Sotzny F, Sakmar TP, Ochs HD, Schulze-Forster K, Heidecke H, Scheibenbogen C, Shoenfeld Y, Riemekasten G. Autoantibodies targeting G protein-coupled receptors: An evolving history in autoimmunity. Report of the 4th international symposium. Autoimmun Rev 2023; 22:103310. [PMID: 36906052 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) are involved in various physiological and pathophysiological processes. Functional autoantibodies targeting GPCRs have been associated with multiple disease manifestations in this context. Here we summarize and discuss the relevant findings and concepts presented in the biennial International Meeting on autoantibodies targeting GPCRs (the 4th Symposium), held in Lübeck, Germany, 15-16 September 2022. The symposium focused on the current knowledge of these autoantibodies' role in various diseases, such as cardiovascular, renal, infectious (COVID-19), and autoimmune diseases (e.g., systemic sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus). Beyond their association with disease phenotypes, intense research related to the mechanistic action of these autoantibodies on immune regulation and pathogenesis has been developed, underscoring the role of autoantibodies targeting GPCRs on disease outcomes and etiopathogenesis. The observation repeatedly highlighted that autoantibodies targeting GPCRs could also be present in healthy individuals, suggesting that anti-GPCR autoantibodies play a physiologic role in modeling the course of diseases. Since numerous therapies targeting GPCRs have been developed, including small molecules and monoclonal antibodies designed for treating cancer, infections, metabolic disorders, or inflammatory conditions, anti-GPCR autoantibodies themselves can serve as therapeutic targets to reduce patients' morbidity and mortality, representing a new area for the development of novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otávio Cabral-Marques
- Department of Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Medical Investigation 29, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Pharmacy and Postgraduate Program of Health and Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil; Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Interunit Postgraduate Program on Bioinformatics, Institute of Mathematics and Statistics (IME), University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Guido Moll
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) and Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), all Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rusan Catar
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Beate Preuß
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lukas Bankamp
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ann-Christin Pecher
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Joerg Henes
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Reinhild Klein
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - A S Kamalanathan
- Centre for BioSeparation Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Reza Akbarzadeh
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Wieke van Oostveen
- Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Department of Rheumatology, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Bettina Hohberger
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Endres
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Department of Neurology with Experimental Neurology, Berlin, Germany.; Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Partner Site Berlin, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bryan Koolmoes
- Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Department of Rheumatology, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Nivine Levarht
- Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Department of Rheumatology, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Rudmer Postma
- LUMC, Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology), Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent van Duinen
- LUMC, Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology), Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Anton Jan van Zonneveld
- LUMC, Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology), Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jeska de Vries-Bouwstra
- Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Department of Rheumatology, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Cynthia Fehres
- Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Department of Rheumatology, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Florian Tran
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Fernando Yuri Nery do Vale
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Igor Salerno Filgueiras
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lena F Schimke
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Crispim Baiocchi
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Cabral de Miranda
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dennyson Leandro Mathias da Fonseca
- Interunit Postgraduate Program on Bioinformatics, Institute of Mathematics and Statistics (IME), University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Paccielli Freire
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexander M Hackel
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hanna Grasshoff
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anja Stähle
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Antje Müller
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ralf Dechend
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A collaboration of Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité Universitätsmedizin, and HELIOS Clinic, Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Berlin 13125, Germany
| | - Xinhua Yu
- Priority Area Chronic Lung Diseases, Research Center Borstel (RCB), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Frank Petersen
- Priority Area Chronic Lung Diseases, Research Center Borstel (RCB), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Franziska Sotzny
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas P Sakmar
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hans D Ochs
- University of Washington School of Medicine and Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Carmen Scheibenbogen
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Gabriela Riemekasten
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
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8
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Bokobza C, Jacquens A, Guenoun D, Bianco B, Galland A, Pispisa M, Cruz A, Zinni M, Faivre V, Roumier A, Lebon S, Vitalis T, Csaba Z, Le Charpentier T, Schwendimann L, Young-Ten P, Degos V, Monteiro P, Dournaud P, Gressens P, Van Steenwinckel J. Targeting the brain 5-HT7 receptor to prevent hypomyelination in a rodent model of perinatal white matter injuries. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2023; 130:281-297. [PMID: 36335540 PMCID: PMC10033587 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-022-02556-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 15 million babies are born prematurely every year and many will face lifetime motor and/or cognitive deficits. Children born prematurely are at higher risk of developing perinatal brain lesions, especially white matter injuries (WMI). Evidence in humans and rodents demonstrates that systemic inflammation-induced neuroinflammation, including microglial and astrocyte reactivity, is the prominent processes of WMI associated with preterm birth. Thus, a new challenge in the field of perinatal brain injuries is to develop new neuroprotective strategies to target neuroinflammation to prevent WMI. Serotonin (5-HT) and its receptors play an important role in inflammation, and emerging evidence indicates that 5-HT may regulate brain inflammation by the modulation of microglial reactivity and astrocyte functions. The present study is based on a mouse model of WMI induced by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of IL-1β during the first 5 days of life. In this model, certain key lesions of preterm brain injuries can be summarized by (i) systemic inflammation, (ii) pro-inflammatory microglial and astrocyte activation, and (iii) inhibition of oligodendrocyte maturation, leading to hypomyelination. We demonstrate that Htr7 mRNA (coding for the HTR7/5-HT7 receptor) is significantly overexpressed in the anterior cortex of IL-1β-exposed animals, suggesting it as a potential therapeutic target. LP-211 is a specific high-affinity HTR7 agonist that crosses the blood-brain barrier (BBB). When co-injected with IL-1β, LP-211 treatment prevented glial reactivity, the down-regulation of myelin-associated proteins, and the apparition of anxiety-like phenotypes. Thus, HTR7 may represent an innovative therapeutic target to protect the developing brain from preterm brain injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Bokobza
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, NeuroDiderot, 75019, Paris, France.
| | - Alice Jacquens
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, NeuroDiderot, 75019, Paris, France
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, APHP-Sorbonne University, Hôpital La Pitié- Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - David Guenoun
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, NeuroDiderot, 75019, Paris, France
- Department of Pharmacy, APHP, Hôpital Robert Debré, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Blandine Bianco
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, NeuroDiderot, 75019, Paris, France
| | - Anne Galland
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, NeuroDiderot, 75019, Paris, France
| | - Maxime Pispisa
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, NeuroDiderot, 75019, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Cruz
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Manuela Zinni
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, NeuroDiderot, 75019, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Faivre
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, NeuroDiderot, 75019, Paris, France
| | - Anne Roumier
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, UMR-S 1270, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Lebon
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, NeuroDiderot, 75019, Paris, France
| | - Tania Vitalis
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, NeuroDiderot, 75019, Paris, France
| | - Zsolt Csaba
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, NeuroDiderot, 75019, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Vincent Degos
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, APHP-Sorbonne University, Hôpital La Pitié- Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Patricia Monteiro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Pascal Dournaud
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, NeuroDiderot, 75019, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Gressens
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, NeuroDiderot, 75019, Paris, France
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9
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Premkumar T, Sajitha Lulu S. Molecular Mechanisms of Emerging Therapeutic Targets in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review. NEUROCHEM J+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712422040183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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10
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The interaction of early life factors and depression-associated loci affecting the age at onset of the depression. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:294. [PMID: 35879288 PMCID: PMC9314326 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02042-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple previous studies explored the associations between early life factors and the age at onset of the depression. However, they only focused on the influence of environmental or genetic factors, without considering the interactions between them. Based on previous genome-wide association study (GWAS) data, we first calculated polygenic risk score (PRS) for depression. Regression analyses were conducted to assess the interacting effects of depression PRS and 5 early life factors, including felt hated by family member (N = 40,112), physically abused by family (N = 40,464), felt loved (N = 35633), and sexually molested (N = 41,595) in childhood and maternal smoking during pregnancy (N = 38,309), on the age at onset of the depression. Genome-wide environment interaction studies (GWEIS) were then performed to identify the genes interacting with early life factors for the age at onset of the depression. In regression analyses, we observed significant interacting effects of felt loved as a child and depression PRS on the age at onset of depression in total sample (β = 0.708, P = 5.03 × 10-3) and males (β = 1.421, P = 7.64 × 10-4). GWEIS identified a novel candidate loci interacting with felt loved as a child at GSAP (rs2068031, P = 4.24 × 10-8) and detected several genes with suggestive significance association, such as CMYA5 (rs7343, P = 2.03 × 10-6) and KIRREL3 (rs535603, P = 4.84 × 10-6) in males. Our results indicate emotional care in childhood may affect the age at onset of depression, especially in males, and GSAP plays an important role in their interaction.
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11
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Zong B, Yu F, Zhang X, Zhao W, Sun P, Li S, Li L. Understanding How Physical Exercise Improves Alzheimer’s Disease: Cholinergic and Monoaminergic Systems. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:869507. [PMID: 35663578 PMCID: PMC9158463 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.869507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by the accumulation of proteinaceous aggregates and neurofibrillary lesions composed of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide and hyperphosphorylated microtubule-associated protein tau, respectively. It has long been known that dysregulation of cholinergic and monoaminergic (i.e., dopaminergic, serotoninergic, and noradrenergic) systems is involved in the pathogenesis of AD. Abnormalities in neuronal activity, neurotransmitter signaling input, and receptor function exaggerate Aβ deposition and tau hyperphosphorylation. Maintenance of normal neurotransmission is essential to halt AD progression. Most neurotransmitters and neurotransmitter-related drugs modulate the pathology of AD and improve cognitive function through G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Exercise therapies provide an important alternative or adjunctive intervention for AD. Cumulative evidence indicates that exercise can prevent multiple pathological features found in AD and improve cognitive function through delaying the degeneration of cholinergic and monoaminergic neurons; increasing levels of acetylcholine, norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine; and modulating the activity of certain neurotransmitter-related GPCRs. Emerging insights into the mechanistic links among exercise, the neurotransmitter system, and AD highlight the potential of this intervention as a therapeutic approach for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyi Zong
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengzhi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyou Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenrui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shichang Li
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Lin Li,
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12
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Navarro-Hortal MD, Romero-Márquez JM, Osta S, Jiménez-Trigo V, Muñoz-Ollero P, Varela-López A. Natural Bioactive Products and Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology: Lessons from Caenorhabditis elegans Transgenic Models. Diseases 2022; 10:diseases10020028. [PMID: 35645249 PMCID: PMC9149938 DOI: 10.3390/diseases10020028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-dependent, progressive disorder affecting millions of people. Currently, the therapeutics for AD only treat the symptoms. Although they have been used to discover new products of interest for this disease, mammalian models used to investigate the molecular determinants of this disease are often prohibitively expensive, time-consuming and very complex. On the other hand, cell cultures lack the organism complexity involved in AD. Given the highly conserved neurological pathways between mammals and invertebrates, Caenorhabditis elegans has emerged as a powerful tool for the investigation of the pathophysiology of human AD. Numerous models of both Tau- and Aβ-induced toxicity, the two prime components observed to correlate with AD pathology and the ease of performing RNA interference for any gene in the C. elegans genome, allow for the identification of multiple therapeutic targets. The effects of many natural products in main AD hallmarks using these models suggest promising health-promoting effects. However, the way in which they exert such effects is not entirely clear. One of the reasons is that various possible therapeutic targets have not been evaluated in many studies. The present review aims to explore shared therapeutical targets and the potential of each of them for AD treatment or prevention.
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13
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The intestinal microbiota as a predictor for antidepressant treatment outcome in geriatric depression: a prospective pilot study. Int Psychogeriatr 2022; 34:33-45. [PMID: 33757609 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610221000120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES (1) To investigate if gut microbiota can be a predictor of remission in geriatric depression and to identify features of the gut microbiota that is associated with remission. (2) To determine if changes in gut microbiota occur with remission in geriatric depression. DESIGN Secondary analysis of a parent randomized placebo-controlled trial (NCT02466958). SETTING Los Angeles, CA, USA (2016-2018). PARTICIPANTS Seventeen subjects with major depressive disorder, over 60 years of age, 41.2% female. INTERVENTION Levomilacipran (LVM) or placebo. MEASUREMENTS Remission was defined by Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score of 6 or less at 12 weeks. 16S-ribosomal RNA sequencing based fecal microbiota composition and diversity were measured at baseline and 12 weeks. Differences in fecal microbiota were evaluated between remitters and non-remitters as well as between baseline and post-treatment samples. LVM and placebo groups were combined in all the analyses. RESULTS Baseline microbiota showed no community level α-diversity or β-diversity differences between remitters and non-remitters. At the individual taxa level, a random forest classifier created with nine genera from the baseline microbiota was highly accurate in predicting remission (AUC = .857). Of these, baseline enrichment of Faecalibacterium, Agathobacter and Roseburia relative to a reference frame was associated with treatment outcome of remission. Differential abundance analysis revealed significant genus level changes from baseline to post-treatment in remitters, but not in non-remitters. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study demonstrating fecal microbiota as a potential predictor of treatment response in geriatric depression. Our findings need to be confirmed in larger prospective studies.
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14
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Tetsuka S. Depression and Dementia in Older Adults: A Neuropsychological Review. Aging Dis 2021; 12:1920-1934. [PMID: 34881077 PMCID: PMC8612610 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.0526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression and dementia are the most common neuropsychiatric disorders in the older adult population. There are a certain number of depressed patients who visit outpatient clinics because they suspect dementia due to similarities in the clinical symptoms in both disorders. Depressive symptoms associated with dementia may be diagnosed with depression, and treatment with antidepressants is continued for a long time. Depression and dementia differ in their treatment approaches and subsequent courses, and it is necessary to carefully differentiate between the two in the clinical practice of dementia treatment. In this review, I describe the similarities between depression and dementia and how to differentiate depression in dementia treatment based on the differences and emphasize that there is a significant potential to cure depression, in contrast to dementia, for which there is currently no fundamental therapy. Therefore, it is important to recognize that depression and dementia may present with common symptoms and to appropriately differentiate depressed patients who are suspected of having dementia. Dementia is a disorder in which cognitive dysfunction is caused by a variety of causative diseases and conditions, resulting in impairment of activities of daily living. However, current medical science has had difficulty finding a cure for the causative disease. Based on clinical findings, it has also been shown that the degree of symptoms for preexisting psychiatric disorders is alleviated as the brain ages. In the presence of dementia, the speed of the alleviation will increase. The importance of focusing on the positive aspects of aging is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syuichi Tetsuka
- Department of Neurology, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Nasushiobara, Tochigi, 329-2763, Japan
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15
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Role of Receptors in Relation to Plaques and Tangles in Alzheimer's Disease Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312987. [PMID: 34884789 PMCID: PMC8657621 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the identification of Aβ plaques and NFTs as biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology, therapeutic interventions remain elusive, with neither an absolute prophylactic nor a curative medication available to impede the progression of AD presently available. Current approaches focus on symptomatic treatments to maintain AD patients’ mental stability and behavioral symptoms by decreasing neuronal degeneration; however, the complexity of AD pathology requires a wide range of therapeutic approaches for both preventive and curative treatments. In this regard, this review summarizes the role of receptors as a potential target for treating AD and focuses on the path of major receptors which are responsible for AD progression. This review gives an overall idea centering on major receptors, their agonist and antagonist and future prospects of viral mimicry in AD pathology. This article aims to provide researchers and developers a comprehensive idea about the different receptors involved in AD pathogenesis that may lead to finding a new therapeutic strategy to treat AD.
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16
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Fu J, Zhang H, Liu S, Wu J, Zhang Y, Gao Y, Song F, Qin Y, Hu X, Liu Z. An integrated strategy using LC-MS/MS combined with in vivo microdialysis for the simultaneous determination of lignans of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. Fructus and endogenous neurotransmitters: application in pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies. Food Funct 2021; 12:8932-8945. [PMID: 34606559 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01682b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill Fructus (SCF) is the ripe fruit of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill, and is often used as a neuroprotective drink. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that lignans are the main bioactive components responsible for neuroprotection and have potential in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the mechanism of action of SCF in the treatment of AD from the pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics (PK-PD) perspective remains not well established. The purpose of this study is to investigate and compare the pharmacokinetic differences of lignans in normal and AD rats, as well as to investigate their effects on neurotransmitters and their role in the treatment of AD. To achieve this goal, an integrated strategy using LC-MS/MS combined with in vivo microdialysis for the simultaneous determination of lignans of SCF and endogenous neurotransmitters has been developed and validated. The results show that the pharmacokinetic behaviors of ten lignans in the AD group were significantly different from those in the normal group. The AD group had better absorption and slower elimination than the normal group. In addition, the pharmacodynamic results of the Morris water maze (MWM) test, biochemical tests, histopathological examination, as well as immunohistochemistry analysis showed that lignans could improve the learning and memory of AD rats. The oral administration of SCF could restore the levels of the neurotransmitter parameters; seven neurotransmitters showed clockwise or counterclockwise changes with the four lignans in the hippocampal region. Taken together, the PK and PD studies based on in vivo microdialysis sampling might offer novel insights into the mechanisms of action of SCF against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Fu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China. .,National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun & Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Hongxu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China. .,National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun & Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Shu Liu
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun & Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Jiajie Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China. .,National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun & Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Yuying Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China. .,National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun & Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Yang Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China. .,National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun & Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Fengrui Song
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun & Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Yuhua Qin
- Hainan Tropical Marine University, Sanya, 572022, China
| | - Xiuli Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Zhongying Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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17
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Sharma HS, Muresanu DF, Castellani RJ, Nozari A, Lafuente JV, Buzoianu AD, Sahib S, Tian ZR, Bryukhovetskiy I, Manzhulo I, Menon PK, Patnaik R, Wiklund L, Sharma A. Alzheimer's disease neuropathology is exacerbated following traumatic brain injury. Neuroprotection by co-administration of nanowired mesenchymal stem cells and cerebrolysin with monoclonal antibodies to amyloid beta peptide. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2021; 265:1-97. [PMID: 34560919 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2021.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Military personnel are prone to traumatic brain injury (TBI) that is one of the risk factors in developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) at a later stage. TBI induces breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to serum proteins into the brain and leads to extravasation of plasma amyloid beta peptide (ΑβP) into the brain fluid compartments causing AD brain pathology. Thus, there is a need to expand our knowledge on the role of TBI in AD. In addition, exploration of the novel roles of nanomedicine in AD and TBI for neuroprotection is the need of the hour. Since stem cells and neurotrophic factors play important roles in TBI and in AD, it is likely that nanodelivery of these agents exert superior neuroprotection in TBI induced exacerbation of AD brain pathology. In this review, these aspects are examined in details based on our own investigations in the light of current scientific literature in the field. Our observations show that TBI exacerbates AD brain pathology and TiO2 nanowired delivery of mesenchymal stem cells together with cerebrolysin-a balanced composition of several neurotrophic factors and active peptide fragments, and monoclonal antibodies to amyloid beta protein thwarted the development of neuropathology following TBI in AD, not reported earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Shanker Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Dafin F Muresanu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; "RoNeuro" Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Rudy J Castellani
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ala Nozari
- Anesthesiology & Intensive Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - José Vicente Lafuente
- LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Anca D Buzoianu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Seaab Sahib
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Z Ryan Tian
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Igor Bryukhovetskiy
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia; Laboratory of Pharmacology, National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Igor Manzhulo
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia; Laboratory of Pharmacology, National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Preeti K Menon
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ranjana Patnaik
- Department of Biomaterials, School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Lars Wiklund
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aruna Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Enhanced Nerve Regeneration by Exosomes Secreted by Adipose-Derived Stem Cells with or without FK506 Stimulation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168545. [PMID: 34445251 PMCID: PMC8395161 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes secreted by adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC-exo) reportedly improve nerve regeneration after peripheral nerve injury. Herein, we investigated whether pretreatment of ADSCs with FK506, an immunosuppressive drug that enhances nerve regeneration, could secret exosomes (ADSC-F-exo) that further augment nerve regeneration. Designed exosomes were topically applied to injured nerve in a mouse model of sciatic nerve crush injury to assess the nerve regeneration efficacy. Outcomes were determined by histomorphometric analysis of semi-thin nerve sections stained with toluidine blue, mouse neurogenesis PCR array, and neurotrophin expression in distal nerve segments. Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) were used to profile potential exosomal proteins facilitating nerve regeneration. We observed that locally applied ADSC-exo and ADSC-F-exo significantly enhanced nerve regeneration after nerve crush injury. Pretreatment of ADSCs with FK506 failed to produce exosomes possessing more potent molecules for enhanced nerve regeneration. Proteomic analysis revealed that of 192 exosomal proteins detected in both ADSC-exo and ADSC-F-exo, histone deacetylases (HDACs), amyloid-beta A4 protein (APP), and integrin beta-1 (ITGB1) might be involved in enhancing nerve regeneration.
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El-Hawary SS, Sayed AM, Issa MY, Ebrahim HS, Alaaeldin R, Elrehany MA, Abd El-Kadder EM, Abdelmohsen UR. Anti-Alzheimer chemical constituents of Morus macroura Miq.: chemical profiling, in silico and in vitro investigations. Food Funct 2021; 12:8078-8089. [PMID: 34286787 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01177d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we investigated both fruits and leaves of Morus macroura Miq. as a potential source of bioactive compounds against Alzheimer's disease (AD). LC-HRMS-assisted chemical profiling of its extracts showed that they are a rich source of diverse phytochemicals. Among the 29 identified compounds in both the fruit and leaf extracts, moracin D, chrysin, resveratrol, and ferulic acid were predicted to pass the human blood-brain barrier (BBB), and hence, reach their therapeutic targets in the brain. Subsequently, these compounds were subjected to a comprehensive pharmacophore-based screening for their protein targets relevant to AD using two independent software programs (i.e. Swiss Target Prediction and PharmMapper). The results of this initial virtual screening were further refined by a number of docking and molecular dynamic simulation experiments to suggest a number of crucial AD-related proteins (e.g. acetylcholine esterase, β-secretase, and monoamine oxidase) as potential targets for these compounds. Finally, in vitro testing was performed to validate the in silico investigation's results, where chrysin, resveratrol, and ferulic acid were found to inhibit the predicted AD-related enzymes with IC50 values comparable with those of the reference inhibitors. Additionally, they were able to inhibit the aggregation of amyloid-beta, one of the hallmarks in AD pathogenesis, and to exhibit considerable antioxidant capacity. Our results highlighted Morus macroura compounds as future anti-Alzheimer chemical leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seham S El-Hawary
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Li WH, Wei ZW, Liu XF. Clinical efficacy of sertraline in the treatment of depression caused by Alzheimer disease: A protocol of systematic review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e23076. [PMID: 33157972 PMCID: PMC7647586 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000023076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study will appraise the clinical efficacy of sertraline in the treatment of depression caused by Alzheimer disease (AD). METHODS Comprehensive searches in PUBMED, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, AMED, CNKI, and WANGFANG will be performed from inception to the present without language restriction. In addition, other sources will also be searched to avoid losing more potential studies. We will only consider randomized controlled trials that examined the efficacy of sertraline for depression in patients with AD. Two team members will independently undertake literature selection, data collection, and risk of bias assessment. We will use Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool to assess the risk of bias for each eligible trial, and will utilize RevMan 5.3 software to carry out data analysis. RESULTS This study will recapitulate high-quality evidence to assess the efficacy of sertraline for the treatment of depression following AD. CONCLUSION The findings of this study will help to determine whether or not sertraline is effective for the treatment of depression after AD. OSF REGISTRATION:: osf.io/f29v6.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhuo-wen Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Baoji Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Baoji
| | - Xiao-feng Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Xi’an Mental Health Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
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21
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Zhang Y, Yang J, Yang X, Wu Y, Liu J, Wang Y, Huo F, Yan C. The 5-HT 6 Receptors in the Ventrolateral Orbital Cortex Attenuate Allodynia in a Rodent Model of Neuropathic Pain. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:884. [PMID: 32973437 PMCID: PMC7461796 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical allodynia, characterized by a painful sensation induced by innocuous stimuli, is thought to be caused by disruption in pain-related regions. Identification and reversal of this pathologic neuroadaptation are therefore beneficial for clinical treatment. Previous evidence suggests that 5-HT6 receptors in the ventrolateral orbital cortex (VLO) are involved in neuropathic pain, but their function is poorly understood. The aim of the present study is to unveil the role of 5-HT6 receptors in the VLO and the underlying mechanisms in pain modulation. Here, by using the spared nerve injury (SNI) pain model, first, we report that 5-HT6 receptor protein decreased in the contralateral VLO compared with the ipsilateral VLO in rats with allodynia. Second, microinjection of the selective 5-HT6 receptor agonists EMD-386088 and WAY-208466 into the contralateral VLO consistently and significantly depressed allodynia. Third, microinjection of the selective antagonist SB-258585 blocked the agonist-induced anti-allodynic effect, while the antagonist applied alone to the VLO had no effect. Furthermore, the anti-nociceptive effect of EMD-386088 on neuropathic pain was prevented by the adenylate cyclase (AC) inhibitor SQ-22536, and protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor H89, suggesting that AC/PKA signaling might underlie the antinociception of agonists. Finally, the 5-HT6 receptors were found to be colocalized with a glutamate transporter (EAAC1) by immunofluorescent staining, and the glutamate receptor antagonist kynurenic acid was found to completely block antinociception. These findings indicated that the antinociceptive effect of 5-HT6 receptor agonists might occur via interaction with the glutamatergic system. Altogether, the agonists activated 5-HT6 receptors present in the glutamatergic neurons in the VLO to facilitate the AC/PKA cascade, which subsequently might evoke glutamate release, thus depressing allodynia. These findings suggest a potential therapeutic role of 5-HT6 receptor agonists in treating neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Zhang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,The Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingsi Yang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,The Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xixi Yang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,The Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanan Wu
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,The Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Junlin Liu
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,The Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yangdong Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Fuquan Huo
- The Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Chunxia Yan
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,The Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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22
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Joshi A, Wang DH, Watterson S, McClean PL, Behera CK, Sharp T, Wong-Lin K. Opportunities for multiscale computational modelling of serotonergic drug effects in Alzheimer's disease. Neuropharmacology 2020; 174:108118. [PMID: 32380022 PMCID: PMC7322519 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-specific neurodegenerative disease that compromises cognitive functioning and impacts the quality of life of an individual. Pathologically, AD is characterised by abnormal accumulation of beta-amyloid (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau protein. Despite research advances over the last few decades, there is currently still no cure for AD. Although, medications are available to control some behavioural symptoms and slow the disease's progression, most prescribed medications are based on cholinesterase inhibitors. Over the last decade, there has been increased attention towards novel drugs, targeting alternative neurotransmitter pathways, particularly those targeting serotonergic (5-HT) system. In this review, we focused on 5-HT receptor (5-HTR) mediated signalling and drugs that target these receptors. These pathways regulate key proteins and kinases such as GSK-3 that are associated with abnormal levels of Aβ and tau in AD. We then review computational studies related to 5-HT signalling pathways with the potential for providing deeper understanding of AD pathologies. In particular, we suggest that multiscale and multilevel modelling approaches could potentially provide new insights into AD mechanisms, and towards discovering novel 5-HTR based therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Joshi
- Intelligent Systems Research Centre, Ulster University, Derry~Londonderry, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Da-Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; School of System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Steven Watterson
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Derry~Londonderry, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Paula L McClean
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Derry~Londonderry, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Chandan K Behera
- Intelligent Systems Research Centre, Ulster University, Derry~Londonderry, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Trevor Sharp
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - KongFatt Wong-Lin
- Intelligent Systems Research Centre, Ulster University, Derry~Londonderry, Northern Ireland, UK.
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23
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The Challenge of Antidepressant Therapeutics in Alzheimer's Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020. [PMID: 32304037 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-42667-5_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
The link between depression and Alzheimer's disease (AD) is controversial, because it is not clear if depression is an independent risk factor for the disease or a prodromal symptom in the older population. Cerebral amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide deposition is associated with both cognitive symptoms and neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS), which may be a biological mechanism of compensation. Despite the widespread use of antidepressant therapeutics (30-50% of patients with AD/dementia are on antidepressants), there is mixed evidence regarding the benefits from their use in AD depression. Monoaminergic antidepressant drugs have shown only modest or no clinical benefits. Therefore, it is important to understand the reason of this drug-resistance and the relationship between antidepressant drugs and the Aβ peptide. The goal of the present review is to highlight the etiology of depression in patients affected by AD in comparison to depressive disorders without AD, and to speculate on more appropriate and alternative therapeutics.
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24
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Krause-Sorio B, Kilpatrick L, Siddarth P, Ercoli L, Laird KT, Aguilar-Faustino Y, Milillo MM, Narr KL, Lavretsky H. Cortical thickness increases with levomilnacipran treatment in a pilot randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial in late-life depression. Psychogeriatrics 2020; 20:140-148. [PMID: 31332902 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Late-life depression (LLD) is associated with significant medical comorbidity, cognitive impairment, and suboptimal treatment response compared to depression experienced earlier in life. Levomilnacipran (LVM) is a novel antidepressant the effects of which on neuroplasticity have not yet been investigated. We investigated the effect of LVM on cortical thickness in a pilot randomised placebo-controlled trial in LLD. METHODS Twenty-nine adults (≥ 60 years) with major depression (48.3% female; mean age = 71.5 ± 5.8 years; mean education = 16.0 ± 1.7 years) were randomised to either LVM or placebo for 12 weeks. T1-weighted images were acquired at baseline and 12 weeks. Thirteen subjects (six LVM and seven placebo) completed the study. Group differences in cortical thickness change across the study period were evaluated, with age and total intracranial volume included as covariates. RESULTS Dropout rates did not differ significantly between groups. The LVM group had significantly more side effects, but no serious adverse events were reported. Lower LVM dose (≤ 40 mg) was better tolerated than higher doses (80-120 mg). Additionally, the LVM group showed a larger increase in cortical thickness in the right postcentral gyrus (primary somatosensory), supramarginal gyrus (sensory association region), and lateral occipital cortex (visual cortex) compared to the placebo group and greater reductions in the left insula. CONCLUSIONS LVM may be less tolerable by older adults with depression and the effects on cortical thickness across sensory and sensory association regions may be related to the experience of side effects. Larger studies are necessary to evaluate treatment efficacy, tolerability, and neural effects of LVM in LLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrix Krause-Sorio
- Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lisa Kilpatrick
- Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Prabha Siddarth
- Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Linda Ercoli
- Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kelsey T Laird
- Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yesenia Aguilar-Faustino
- Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michaela M Milillo
- Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Katherine L Narr
- Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Helen Lavretsky
- Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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25
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Khan S, Barve KH, Kumar MS. Recent Advancements in Pathogenesis, Diagnostics and Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 18:1106-1125. [PMID: 32484110 PMCID: PMC7709159 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666200528142429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The only conclusive way to diagnose Alzheimer's is to carry out brain autopsy of the patient's brain tissue and ascertain whether the subject had Alzheimer's or any other form of dementia. However, due to the non-feasibility of such methods, to diagnose and conclude the conditions, medical practitioners use tests that examine a patient's mental ability. OBJECTIVE Accurate diagnosis at an early stage is the need of the hour for initiation of therapy. The cause for most Alzheimer's cases still remains unknown except where genetic distinctions have been observed. Thus, a standard drug regimen ensues in every Alzheimer's patient, irrespective of the cause, which may not always be beneficial in halting or reversing the disease progression. To provide a better life to such patients by suppressing existing symptoms, early diagnosis, curative therapy, site-specific delivery of drugs, and application of hyphenated methods like artificial intelligence need to be brought into the main field of Alzheimer's therapeutics. METHODS In this review, we have compiled existing hypotheses to explain the cause of the disease, and highlighted gene therapy, immunotherapy, peptidomimetics, metal chelators, probiotics and quantum dots as advancements in the existing strategies to manage Alzheimer's. CONCLUSION Biomarkers, brain-imaging, and theranostics, along with artificial intelligence, are understood to be the future of the management of Alzheimer's.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Khan
- SVKM’S NMIMS, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle West, Mumbai-400056, India
| | - Kalyani H. Barve
- SVKM’S NMIMS, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle West, Mumbai-400056, India
| | - Maushmi S. Kumar
- SVKM’S NMIMS, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle West, Mumbai-400056, India
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26
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Blaikie L, Kay G, Kong Thoo Lin P. Current and emerging therapeutic targets of alzheimer's disease for the design of multi-target directed ligands. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:2052-2072. [PMID: 32206241 PMCID: PMC7069509 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00337a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease, and a major cause of death worldwide. The number of people suffering from this debilitating disorder is rising at an unprecedented rate, with a subsequent surge in healthcare costs. Only four drugs are clinically available for the treatment of AD symptoms, but they are not disease-modifying. Consequently, there is an urgent need for a cure. Although the cause of this debilitating condition remains poorly understood, it is believed that several factors may be involved in combination - including, health and lifestyle, environmental, and genetic factors. In recent years, a number of hallmarks of the disease have also been discovered, and it is believed that these factors may play an important role in the development of AD. Amyloid aggregation is one such factor which has been highly investigated, in addition to cholinesterase enzymes and tau aggregation. In the last decade, multi-target drugs have been increasingly investigated for their application to AD treatment. By combining two or more pharmacophores in a single compound, it is possible to synthesise a drug which can target several factors that are involved in AD development. This is a particularly attractive approach as it would avoid the use of combination therapies. As a result, it could reduce the burden on carers and families, and decrease healthcare and social care costs. Many active pharmacophores have been employed for the development of hybrid drugs, due to their abilities to inhibit the factors currently widely recognised to be involved in AD. These compounds have demonstrated promising results; however, research is still required to optimise the pharmacological profiles of the drugs, in addition to their potencies. Meanwhile, extensive research is continuously being performed into other potential targets for the treatment of AD. Based on the results obtained thus far, it is likely that multi-target compounds will continue to be increasingly studied in the future as potential treatments for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Blaikie
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences , Robert Gordon University , Aberdeen , Scotland , UK .
| | - Graeme Kay
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences , Robert Gordon University , Aberdeen , Scotland , UK .
| | - Paul Kong Thoo Lin
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences , Robert Gordon University , Aberdeen , Scotland , UK .
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27
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Dhakal S, Kushairi N, Phan CW, Adhikari B, Sabaratnam V, Macreadie I. Dietary Polyphenols: A Multifactorial Strategy to Target Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5090. [PMID: 31615073 PMCID: PMC6834216 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ageing is an inevitable fundamental process for people and is their greatest risk factor for neurodegenerative disease. The ageing processes bring changes in cells that can drive the organisms to experience loss of nutrient sensing, disrupted cellular functions, increased oxidative stress, loss of cellular homeostasis, genomic instability, accumulation of misfolded protein, impaired cellular defenses and telomere shortening. Perturbation of these vital cellular processes in neuronal cells can lead to life threatening neurological disorders like Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, Huntington's Disease, Lewy body dementia, etc. Alzheimer's Disease is the most frequent cause of deaths in the elderly population. Various therapeutic molecules have been designed to overcome the social, economic and health care burden caused by Alzheimer's Disease. Almost all the chemical compounds in clinical practice have been found to treat symptoms only limiting them to palliative care. The reason behind such imperfect drugs may result from the inefficiencies of the current drugs to target the cause of the disease. Here, we review the potential role of antioxidant polyphenolic compounds that could possibly be the most effective preventative strategy against Alzheimer's Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Dhakal
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia.
| | - Naufal Kushairi
- Mushroom Research Centre, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Chia Wei Phan
- Mushroom Research Centre, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Benu Adhikari
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia.
| | - Vikineswary Sabaratnam
- Mushroom Research Centre, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Ian Macreadie
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia.
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28
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Classic Prescription, Kai-Xin-San, Ameliorates Alzheimer's Disease as an Effective Multitarget Treatment: From Neurotransmitter to Protein Signaling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:9096409. [PMID: 31354916 PMCID: PMC6636599 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9096409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a widespread neurodegenerative disease caused by complicated disease-causing factors. Unsatisfactorily, curative effects of approved anti-AD drugs were not good enough due to their actions on single-target, which led to desperate requirements for more effective drug therapies involved in multiple pathomechanisms of AD. The anti-AD effect with multiple action targets of Kai-Xin-San (KXS), a classic prescription initially recorded in Bei Ji Qian Jin Yao Fang and applied in the treatment of dementia for thousands of years, was deciphered with modern biological methods in our study. Aβ25-35 and D-gal-induced AD rats and Aβ25-35-induced PC12 cells were applied to establish AD models. KXS could significantly improve cognition impairment by decreasing neurotransmitter loss and enhancing the expression of PI3K/Akt. For the first time, KXS was confirmed to improve the expression of PI3K/Akt by neurotransmitter 5-HT. Thereinto, PI3K/Akt could further inhibit Tau hyperphosphorylation as well as the apoptosis induced by oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Moreover, all above-mentioned effects were verified and blocked by PI3K inhibitor, LY294002, in Aβ25-35-induced PC12 cells, suggesting the precise regulative role of KXS in the PI3K/Akt pathway. The utilization and mechanism elaboration of KXS have been proposed and dissected in the combination of animal, molecular, and protein strategies. Our results demonstrated that KXS could ameliorate AD by regulating neurotransmitter and PI3K/Akt signal pathway as an effective multitarget treatment so that the potential value of this classic prescription could be explored from a novel perspective.
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29
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Chakraborty S, Lennon JC, Malkaram SA, Zeng Y, Fisher DW, Dong H. Serotonergic system, cognition, and BPSD in Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Lett 2019; 704:36-44. [PMID: 30946928 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD), present in almost 90% of patients with Alzheimer's Disease (AD), cause extensive impairment leading to reduced independence and inability to complete activities of daily living. Though BPSD includes a wide range of symptoms, such as agitation, aggression, disinhibition, anxiety, depression, apathy, delusions, and hallucinations. Certain BPSD in AD co-present and can be clustered into distinct domains based on their frequency of co-occurrence. As these BPSD are so pervasive in any stages of AD, the disease may be better characterized as a disorder of heterogeneous degenerative symptoms across a number of symptom domains, with the most prominent domain comprising memory and cognitive deficits. Importantly, there are no FDA-approved drugs to treat these BPSD, and new approaches must be considered to develop effective treatments for AD patients. The biogenic monoamine 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), or serotonin, works as both a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator, which has been tied to cognitive decline and multiple BPSD domains. This review summarizes the evidence for specific serotonergic system alterations across some of the well-studied cognitive, behavioral, and psychiatric domains. Though differences in overall serotonergic transmission occur in AD, circuit-specific alterations in individual 5-HT receptors (5-HTRs) are likely linked to the heterogeneous presentation of BPSD in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Chakraborty
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Jack C Lennon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Sridhar A Malkaram
- Department of Biology, West Virginia State University Institute, WV-25112, USA
| | - Yan Zeng
- Brain and Cognition Research Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Daniel W Fisher
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Hongxin Dong
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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30
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The role of MAPK signaling pathway in selenium amelioration of high fat/high cholesterol diet-induced tauopathy in rats. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 302:108-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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31
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Sharma P, Srivastava P, Seth A, Tripathi PN, Banerjee AG, Shrivastava SK. Comprehensive review of mechanisms of pathogenesis involved in Alzheimer's disease and potential therapeutic strategies. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 174:53-89. [PMID: 30599179 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AD is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and a leading cause of dementia in an aging population worldwide. The enormous challenge which AD possesses to global healthcare makes it as urgent as ever for the researchers to develop innovative treatment strategies to fight this disease. An in-depth analysis of the extensive available data associated with the AD is needed for a more comprehensive understanding of underlying molecular mechanisms and pathophysiological pathways associated with the onset and progression of the AD. The currently understood pathological and biochemical manifestations include cholinergic, Aβ, tau, excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, ApoE, CREB signaling pathways, insulin resistance, etc. However, these hypotheses have been criticized with several conflicting reports for their involvement in the disease progression. Several issues need to be addressed such as benefits to cost ratio with cholinesterase therapy, the dilemma of AChE selectivity over BChE, BBB permeability of peptidic BACE-1 inhibitors, hurdles related to the implementation of vaccination and immunization therapy, and clinical failure of candidates related to newly available targets. The present review provides an insight to the different molecular mechanisms involved in the development and progression of the AD and potential therapeutic strategies, enlightening perceptions into structural information of conventional and novel targets along with the successful applications of computational approaches for the design of target-specific inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyoosh Sharma
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Pavan Srivastava
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Ankit Seth
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Prabhash Nath Tripathi
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Anupam G Banerjee
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Sushant K Shrivastava
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India.
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32
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Targeted Neurotransmitters Profiling Identifies Metabolic Signatures in Rat Brain by LC-MS/MS: Application in Insomnia, Depression and Alzheimer's Disease. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092375. [PMID: 30227663 PMCID: PMC6225496 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological, cross-sectional, and prospective studies have suggested that insomnia, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and depression are mutually interacting conditions and frequently co-occur. The monoamine and amino acid neurotransmitter systems in central nervous system were involved in the examination of neurobiological processes of this symptom complex. However, few studies have reported systematic and contrastive discussion of different neurotransmitters (NTs) changing in these neurological diseases. Thus, it is necessary to establish a reliable analytical method to monitoring NTs and their metabolite levels in rat brain tissues for elucidating the differences in pathophysiology of these neurological diseases. A rapid, sensitive and reliable LC-MS/MS method was established for simultaneous determination of the NTs and their metabolites, including tryptophan (Trp), tyrosine (Tyr), serotonin (5-HT), 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA), dopamine (DA), acetylcholine (ACh), norepinephrine (NE), glutamic acid (Glu), and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in rat brain tissues. The mobile phase consisting of methanol and 0.01% formic acid in water was performed on an Inertsil EP C18 column, and the developed method was validated well. Results demonstrated that there were significant differences for 5-HT, DA, NE, Trp, Tyr and ACh between model and control group in all three models, and a Bayes linear discriminant function was established to distinguish these three kinds of nervous system diseases by DA, Tyr and ACh for their significant differences among control and three model groups. It could be an excellent strategy to provide perceptions into the similarity and differentia of mechanisms from the point of NTs’ changing in brain directly and a new method to distinguish insomnia, depression and AD from view of essence.
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Hashemi-Firouzi N, Shahidi S, Soleimani-Asl S, Komaki A. 5-Hydroxytryptamine receptor 6 antagonist, SB258585 exerts neuroprotection in a rat model of Streptozotocin-induced Alzheimer's disease. Metab Brain Dis 2018; 33:1243-1253. [PMID: 29667108 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-018-0228-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive memory decline. It has been suggested that 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6 (5-HT6R) might be involved in AD pathology. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a 5-HT6R antagonist on cognition, learning, memory, and hippocampal apoptosis in an experimental rat model of AD. AD was induced by intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of streptozotocin (STZ; 3 mg/kg, 10 μL, twice). Adult, male rats were divided into the following groups: control, sham, AD (saline treatment, 1 μL icv for 30 days), and AD + SB258585 (5-HT6R antagonist, 1 μg/μL icv for 30 days). Following the treatment period, novel object recognition (NOR) and passive avoidance learning (PAL) tests were conducted to measure cognition, as well as learning and memory, respectively. TUNEL staining was used to evaluate apoptosis in the hippocampus. This study demonstrates that icv STZ injections induce apoptosis in hippocampal cells, decrease the NOR discrimination index, increase the number of trials needed to reach acquisition and the time spent in the dark compartment during PAL, as compared with sham and control groups. Subsequent administration of SB258585 in the STZ treated rats increased the NOR discrimination index, decreased the number of trials till acquisition and the time spent in the dark compartment during PAL, while decreasing neuronal apoptosis, as compared to the untreated AD group. Thus, we conclude that long-term administration of the 5-HT6R antagonist SB258585, ameliorates AD-associated cognitive and behavioral impairments through the suppression of apoptosis in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Siamak Shahidi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciencese, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Sara Soleimani-Asl
- Anatomy Department, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciencese, Hamadan, Iran
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Cortés N, Andrade V, Maccioni RB. Behavioral and Neuropsychiatric Disorders in Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 63:899-910. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-180005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Cortés
- International Center for Biomedicine (ICC), Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurosciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Víctor Andrade
- International Center for Biomedicine (ICC), Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurosciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo B. Maccioni
- International Center for Biomedicine (ICC), Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurosciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, East Campus, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Sun DS, Gao LF, Jin L, Wu H, Wang Q, Zhou Y, Fan S, Jiang X, Ke D, Lei H, Wang JZ, Liu GP. Fluoxetine administration during adolescence attenuates cognitive and synaptic deficits in adult 3×TgAD mice. Neuropharmacology 2017; 126:200-212. [PMID: 28911966 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Fluoxetine (FLX) has broad neurobiological functions and neuroprotective effects; however, the preventive effects of FLX on cognitive impairments in Alzheimer's disease (AD) have not been reported. Here, we studied whether adolescent administration of fluoxetine can prevent memory deficits in AD transgenic mice that harbour PS1m146v, APPswe and TauP301L mutations (3 × TgAD). FLX was applied through peritoneal injection to the mice at postnatal day 35 (p35) for 15 consecutive days, and the effects of FLX were observed at 6-month. We found that adolescent administration of FLX improved learning and memory abilities in 6-month-old 3 × TgAD mice. FLX exposure also increased the sizes of the hippocampal CA1, dentate gyrus (DG) and extensive cortex regions, with increased numbers of neurons and higher dendritic spine density. Meanwhile, the synaptic plasticity of neurons in the hippocampus was remodelled, and the expression levels of synaptic-related proteins were increased along with activation of the cyclic AMP response element-binding (CREB) protein/brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signalling pathway. Finally, we found that FLX effectively prevented the increase of beta-amyloid (Aβ) levels. These data suggest that adolescent administration of the antidepressant drug FLX can efficiently preserve cognitive functions and improve pathologies in 3×Tg AD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Sheng Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Li-Feng Gao
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Jin
- Department of Pathophysiology, Henan Medical College, Zhengzhou 451191, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Degenerative Brain Disease, Henan Medical College, Zhengzhou 451191, China
| | - Hao Wu
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - You Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuhao Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xia Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Dan Ke
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Hao Lei
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jian-Zhi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong JS 226001, China.
| | - Gong-Ping Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong JS 226001, China.
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Frameworking memory and serotonergic markers. Rev Neurosci 2017; 28:455-497. [DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2016-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:The evidence for neural markers and memory is continuously being revised, and as evidence continues to accumulate, herein, we frame earlier and new evidence. Hence, in this work, the aim is to provide an appropriate conceptual framework of serotonergic markers associated with neural activity and memory. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) has multiple pharmacological tools, well-characterized downstream signaling in mammals’ species, and established 5-HT neural markers showing new insights about memory functions and dysfunctions, including receptors (5-HT1A/1B/1D, 5-HT2A/2B/2C, and 5-HT3-7), transporter (serotonin transporter [SERT]) and volume transmission present in brain areas involved in memory. Bidirectional influence occurs between 5-HT markers and memory/amnesia. A growing number of researchers report that memory, amnesia, or forgetting modifies neural markers. Diverse approaches support the translatability of using neural markers and cerebral functions/dysfunctions, including memory formation and amnesia. At least, 5-HT1A, 5-HT4, 5-HT6, and 5-HT7receptors and SERT seem to be useful neural markers and therapeutic targets. Hence, several mechanisms cooperate to achieve synaptic plasticity or memory, including changes in the expression of neurotransmitter receptors and transporters.
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Nie L, Wei G, Peng S, Qu Z, Yang Y, Yang Q, Huang X, Liu J, Zhuang Z, Yang X. Melatonin ameliorates anxiety and depression-like behaviors and modulates proteomic changes in triple transgenic mice of Alzheimer's disease. Biofactors 2017; 43:593-611. [PMID: 28608594 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease accompanied by neuropsychiatric symptoms, such as anxiety and depression. The levels of melatonin decrease in brains of AD patients. The potential effect of melatonin on anxiety and depression behaviors in AD and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we treated 10-month-old triple transgenic mice of AD (3xTg-AD) with melatonin (10 mg/kg body weight/day) for 1 month and explored the effects of melatonin on anxiety and depression-like behaviors in 3xTg-AD mice and the protein expression of hippocampal tissues. The behavioral test showed that melatonin ameliorated anxiety and depression-like behaviors of 3xTg-AD mice as measured by open field test, elevated plus maze test, forced swimming test, and tail suspension test. By carrying out two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) coupled with mass spectrometry, we revealed a total of 46 differentially expressed proteins in hippocampus between the wild-type (WT) mice and non-treated 3xTg-AD mice. A total of 21 differentially expressed proteins were revealed in hippocampus between melatonin-treated and non-treated 3xTg-AD mice. Among these differentially expressed proteins, glutathione S-transferase P 1 (GSTP1) (an anxiety-associated protein) and complexin-1 (CPLX1) (a depression-associated protein) were significantly down-regulated in hippocampus of 3xTg-AD mice compared with the WT mice. The expression of these two proteins was modulated by melatonin treatment. Our study suggested that melatonin could be used as a potential candidate drug to improve the neuropsychiatric behaviors in AD via modulating the expression of the proteins (i.e. GSTP1 and CPLX1) involved in anxiety and depression behaviors. © 2017 BioFactors, 43(4):593-611, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulin Nie
- College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Gang Wei
- Thyroid & Breast Surgery Department, Hubei Maternal & Children Hospital, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shengming Peng
- College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China
| | - Zhongsen Qu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated the Sixth Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of cell biology and Anatomy, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112
| | - Xinfeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhixiong Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xifei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, characterized by the loss of memory, multiple cognitive impairments and changes in the personality and behavior. Several decades of intense research have revealed that multiple cellular changes are involved in disease process, including synaptic damage, mitochondrial abnormalities and inflammatory responses, in addition to formation and accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) and phosphorylated tau. Although tremendous progress has been made in understanding the impact of neurotransmitters in the progression and pathogenesis of AD, we still do not have a drug molecule associated with neurotransmitter(s) that can delay disease process in elderly individuals and/or restore cognitive functions in AD patients. The purpose of our article is to assess the latest developments in neurotransmitters research using cell and mouse models of AD. We also updated the current status of clinical trials using neurotransmitters' agonists/antagonists in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Kandimalla
- Garrison Institute on Aging Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Pharmacology & Neuroscience Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - P. Hemachandra Reddy
- Garrison Institute on Aging Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Pharmacology & Neuroscience Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Cell Biology & Biochemistry Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Neurology Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Garrison Institute on Aging, South West Campus, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
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Peripheral serotonin-mediated system suppresses bone development and regeneration via serotonin 6 G-protein-coupled receptor. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30985. [PMID: 27581523 PMCID: PMC5007490 DOI: 10.1038/srep30985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin is important in brain functions and involved in neurological diseases. It is also drawn considerable attention in bone disease since it mainly produced by the gut. Serotonin 6 G-protein-coupled receptor (5-HT6R) is clinical targets for the treatment of neurological diseases. However, 5-HT6R as a therapeutic target in bone has not been reported. Herein, we found that 5-HT6R showed higher expression in bone, and its expression was increased during bone remodeling and osteoblast differentiation. The activation of 5-HT6R by ST1936 caused the inhibition of ALP activity and mineralization in primary osteoblast cultures, which was antagonized by SB258585, an antagonist and by the knockdown of 5-HT6R. Further investigation indicated that 5-HT6R inhibited osteoblast differentiation via Jab1 in BMP2 signaling but not PKA and ERK1/2. In vivo studies showed that the activation of 5-HT6R inhibited bone regeneration in the calvarial defect mice and also delayed bone development in newborn mice; this response was antagonized by SB258585. Therefore, our findings indicate a key role of 5-HT6R in bone formation through serotonin originating in the peripheral system, and suggest that it is a novel therapeutic target for drug development in the bone repair and bone diseases.
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Švob Štrac D, Pivac N, Mück-Šeler D. The serotonergic system and cognitive function. Transl Neurosci 2016; 7:35-49. [PMID: 28123820 PMCID: PMC5017596 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2016-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Symptoms of cognitive dysfunction like memory loss, poor concentration, impaired learning and executive functions are characteristic features of both schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The neurobiological mechanisms underlying cognition in healthy subjects and neuropsychiatric patients are not completely understood. Studies have focused on serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) as one of the possible cognitionrelated biomarkers. The aim of this review is to provide a summary of the current literature on the role of the serotonergic (5-HTergic) system in cognitive function, particularly in AD and schizophrenia. The role of the 5-HTergic system in cognition is modulated by the activity and function of 5-HT receptors (5-HTR) classified into seven groups, which differ in structure, action, and localization. Many 5-HTR are located in the regions linked to various cognitive processes. Preclinical studies using animal models of learning and memory, as well as clinical in vivo (neuroimaging) and in vitro (post-mortem) studies in humans have shown that alterations in 5-HTR activity influence cognitive performance. The current evidence implies that reduced 5-HT neurotransmission negatively influences cognitive functions and that normalization of 5-HT activity may have beneficial effects, suggesting that 5-HT and 5-HTR represent important pharmacological targets for cognition enhancement and restoration of impaired cognitive performance in neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nela Pivac
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dorotea Mück-Šeler
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
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