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George JT, Levine H. Optimal cancer evasion in a dynamic immune microenvironment generates diverse post-escape tumor antigenicity profiles. eLife 2023; 12:82786. [PMID: 37096883 PMCID: PMC10129331 DOI: 10.7554/elife.82786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The failure of cancer treatments, including immunotherapy, continues to be a major obstacle in preventing durable remission. This failure often results from tumor evolution, both genotypic and phenotypic, away from sensitive cell states. Here, we propose a mathematical framework for studying the dynamics of adaptive immune evasion that tracks the number of tumor-associated antigens available for immune targeting. We solve for the unique optimal cancer evasion strategy using stochastic dynamic programming and demonstrate that this policy results in increased cancer evasion rates compared to a passive, fixed strategy. Our foundational model relates the likelihood and temporal dynamics of cancer evasion to features of the immune microenvironment, where tumor immunogenicity reflects a balance between cancer adaptation and host recognition. In contrast with a passive strategy, optimally adaptive evaders navigating varying selective environments result in substantially heterogeneous post-escape tumor antigenicity, giving rise to immunogenically hot and cold tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason T George
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, Houston, United States
- Engineering Medicine Program, Texas A&M University, Houston, United States
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, United States
| | - Herbert Levine
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, United States
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, United States
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2
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Xu Z, Guan J, Xu J, Tu J, Cheng J. Clinical Value of Pleural Effusion and Serum MMP-3 and CYFRA21-1 Combined with ADA in Differential Diagnosis of Pleural Exudative Effusion. Emerg Med Int 2022; 2022:1615058. [PMID: 36072615 PMCID: PMC9444443 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1615058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of the study is to investigate the clinical value of matrix metalloproteinases-3 (MMP-3) and cytokeratin 19 fragment antigen 21-1 (CYFRA21-1) combined with adenosine deaminase (ADA) in pleural effusion and serum in benign and malignant pleural exudative effusion (PEE). Methods A total of 119 adult patients with PEE admitted in our hospital from May 2018 to October 2021 were selected. According to the patient's condition, the patients were divided into the benign group (n = 75) and the malignant group (n = 44). The levels of MMP-3, CYFRA21-1, and ADA in pleural effusion and serum were detected. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the individual and combined predictive value of MMP-3, CYFRA21-1, and ADA levels. Results In the malignant group, the pleural effusion and serum MMP-3 and CYFRA21-1 levels were higher than those in the benign group and the ADA levels were lower than those in the benign group (P < 0.05). In the malignant group, the positive detection rate of pleural effusion and serum MMP-3 and CYFRA21-1 was higher than that in the benign group and the positive detection rate of pleural effusion and serum ADA were lower than that in the benign group (P < 0.05). The AUC of pleural effusion MMP-3, serum MMP-3 and the combination of them in the diagnosis of PEE were 0.764, 0.722 and 0.810, respectively. The AUC of pleural effusion CYFRA21-1 and serum CYFRA21-1 and combination of them in the diagnosis of PEE were 0.776, 0.748 and 0.822, respectively. The AUC of pleural effusion ADA, serum ADA and their combination in differential diagnosis of PEE were 0.762, 0.737 and 0.836, respectively. The AUC of pleural effusion and serum of MMP-3 and CYFRA21-1 combined with ADA for differential diagnosis of PEE was 0.923. Conclusions The diagnostic efficacy of MMP-3 combined with CYFRA21-1 and ADA in pleural effusion and serum for benign and malignant PEE are better than single index, which has certain clinical values for the selection of early intervention scheme for PEE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyang Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, The First Hospital of Putian, Putian 351100, Fujian, China
| | - Jun Guan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, The First Hospital of Putian, Putian 351100, Fujian, China
| | - Jianxin Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, The First Hospital of Putian, Putian 351100, Fujian, China
| | - Jiahua Tu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, The First Hospital of Putian, Putian 351100, Fujian, China
| | - Jiangdong Cheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, The First Hospital of Putian, Putian 351100, Fujian, China
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Humayun M, Ayuso JM, Brenneke RA, Virumbrales-Muñoz M, Lugo-Cintrón K, Kerr S, Ponik SM, Beebe DJ. Elucidating cancer-vascular paracrine signaling using a human organotypic breast cancer cell extravasation model. Biomaterials 2021; 270:120640. [PMID: 33592387 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In cancer metastasis, extravasation refers to the process where tumor cells exit the bloodstream by crossing the endothelium and invade the surrounding tissue. Tumor cells engage in complex crosstalk with other active players such as the endothelium leading to changes in functional behavior that exert pro-extravasation effects. Most in vitro studies to date have only focused on the independent effects of molecular targets on the functional changes of cancer cell extravasation behavior. However, singular targets cannot combat complex interactions involved in tumor cell extravasation that affects multiple cell types and signaling pathways. In this study, we employ an organotypic microfluidic model of human vasculature to investigate the independent and combined role of multiple upregulated secreted factors resulting from cancer-vascular interactions during cancer cell extravasation. The device consists of a tubular endothelial vessel generated from induced pluripotent stem cell derived endothelial cells within a collagen-fibrinogen matrix with breast cancer cells injected through and cultured along the lumen of the vessel. Our system identified cancer-vascular crosstalk, involving invasive breast cancer cells, that results in increased levels of secreted IL-6, IL-8, and MMP-3. Our model also showed that upregulation of these secreted factors correlates with invasive/metastatic potential of breast cancer cells. We also used therapeutic inhibitors to assess the independent and combined role of multiple signaling factors on the overall changes in functional behavior of both the cancer cells and the endothelium that promote extravasation. Taken together, these results demonstrate the potential of our organotypic model in elucidating mechanisms through which cancer-vascular interactions can promote extravasation, and in conducting functional assessment of therapeutic drugs that prevent extravasation in cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouhita Humayun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin- Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA; The University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin- Madison, WIMR I Room 6028 - 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
| | - Jose M Ayuso
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin- Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA; The University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin- Madison, WIMR I Room 6028 - 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Raven A Brenneke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin- Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - María Virumbrales-Muñoz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin- Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA; The University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin- Madison, WIMR I Room 6028 - 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Karina Lugo-Cintrón
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin- Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA; The University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin- Madison, WIMR I Room 6028 - 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Sheena Kerr
- The University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin- Madison, WIMR I Room 6028 - 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705, USA; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin- Madison, 1685 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Suzanne M Ponik
- The University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin- Madison, WIMR I Room 6028 - 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705, USA; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin- Madison, 1300 University Ave, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - David J Beebe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin- Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA; The University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin- Madison, WIMR I Room 6028 - 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705, USA; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin- Madison, 1685 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
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4
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Quiñones-Díaz BI, Reyes-González JM, Sánchez-Guzmán V, Conde-Del Moral I, Valiyeva F, Santiago-Sánchez GS, Vivas-Mejía PE. MicroRNA-18a-5p Suppresses Tumor Growth via Targeting Matrix Metalloproteinase-3 in Cisplatin-Resistant Ovarian Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:602670. [PMID: 33392094 PMCID: PMC7774672 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.602670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cumulating evidence indicates that dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) plays a central role in the initiation, progression, and drug resistance of cancer cells. However, the specific miRNAs contributing to drug resistance in ovarian cancer cells have not been fully elucidated. Aimed to identify potential miRNAs involved in platinum resistance, we performed a miRNA expression profile in cisplatin-sensitive and cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells, and we found several differentially abundant miRNAs in the pair of cell lines. Notably, miR-18a-5p (miR-18a), a member of the oncogenic associated miR-17-92 cluster, was decreased in cisplatin-resistant as compared with cisplatin-sensitive cells. Real-time PCR analysis confirmed these findings. We then studied the biological, molecular, and therapeutic consequences of increasing the miR-18a levels with oligonucleotide microRNA mimics (OMM). Compared with a negative control OMM, transient transfection of a miR-18a-OMM reduced cell growth, cell proliferation, and cell invasion. Intraperitoneal injections of miR-18a-OMM-loaded folate-conjugated liposomes significantly reduced the tumor weight and the number of nodules in ovarian cancer-bearing mice when compared with a control-OMM group. Survival analysis using the Kaplan-Meier plotter database showed that ovarian cancer patients with high miR-18a levels live longer in comparison to patients with lower miR-18a levels. Bioinformatic analyses, real-time-PCR, Western blots, and luciferase reporter assays revealed that Matrix Metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) is a direct target of miR-18a. Small-interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated silencing of MMP-3 reduced cell viability, cell growth, and the invasiveness potential of cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells. Our study suggests that targeting miR-18a is a plausible therapeutic strategy for cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Fatma Valiyeva
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | | | - Pablo E Vivas-Mejía
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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Piskór BM, Przylipiak A, Dąbrowska E, Niczyporuk M, Ławicki S. Matrilysins and Stromelysins in Pathogenesis and Diagnostics of Cancers. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:10949-10964. [PMID: 33154674 PMCID: PMC7608139 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s235776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are endopeptidases which are widely studied in terms of their role in the physiological and pathological processes in the organism. In this article, we consider usefulness of matrilysins and stromelysins in pathogenesis and diagnostic of the most common malignancies in the world, e.g., lung, breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers. In all of the mentioned cancers, matrilysins and stromelysins have a pivotal role in their development and also may have diagnostic utility. Influence to the cancerous process is connected with specific dependencies between these enzymes and components of the extracellular matrix (ECM), non-matrix components like cell surface components. All the information provided below allows to take a closer look at matrilysins and stromelysins and their functions in the cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Maria Piskór
- Department of Aesthetic Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Andrzej Przylipiak
- Department of Aesthetic Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Emilia Dąbrowska
- Department of Aesthetic Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Marek Niczyporuk
- Department of Aesthetic Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Sławomir Ławicki
- Department of Population Medicine and Civilization Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Liao CH, Yong CY, Lai GM, Chow JM, Cheng CF, Fang CL, Lin PC, Chang CL, Zheng YM, Chuang SE, Whang-Peng J, Yao CJ. Astragalus Polysaccharide (PG2) Suppresses Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor and Aggressiveness of Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2020; 48:1491-1509. [PMID: 32924531 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x20500731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Astragalus membranaceus is the most popular traditional Chinese medicine for managing vital energy deficiency. Its injectable polysaccharide PG2 has been used for relieving cancer-related fatigue, and PG2 has immune-modulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we explored the effects of PG2 in lung adenocarcinoma A549 and CL1-2 cells and investigated its anticancer activity, and the results were validated in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice. Although PG2 did not inhibit the growth of these cells, it dose-dependently suppressed their migration and invasion, accompanied by reduced vimentin and AXL and induced epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin) expression. Regarding the underlying molecular mechanism, PG2 treatment reduced the macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), an inflammatory cytokine that promotes the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and aggressiveness of cancer cells. Consistent with the previous finding that MIF regulates matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), treatment with PG2 reduced MMP-13 and activated AMPK in A549 and CL1-2 cells in this study. In SCID mice injected with A549 cells through the tail vein, intraperitoneal injection with PG2 reduced lung and abdominal metastases in parallel with decreased immunohistochemical staining of AXL, vimentin, MMP-13, and MIF in the tumor. Collectively, data revealed a potential application of PG2 in integrative cancer treatment through the suppression of MIF in cancer cells and their aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Huang Liao
- Cancer Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yin Yong
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
| | - Gi-Ming Lai
- Cancer Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan.,Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.,Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.,National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Ming Chow
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | | | - Chia-Lang Fang
- Department of Pathology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Lin
- Cancer Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lun Chang
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Mei Zheng
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
| | - Shuang-En Chuang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan
| | - Jacqueline Whang-Peng
- Cancer Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan.,Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan.,Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jung Yao
- Cancer Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
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Li M, Wei L, Zhou W, He Z, Ran S, Liang J. miR-200a contributes to the migration of BMSCs induced by the secretions of E. faecalis via FOXJ1/NFκB/MMPs axis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:317. [PMID: 32711573 PMCID: PMC7382064 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01833-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Upon migrating to the injured sites, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) play critical roles in the repair of bone lesion caused by chronic apical periodontitis. Emerging evidences have shown that Enterococcus faecalis is always associated with apical periodontitis, especially refractory apical periodontitis. But the mechanism underlying how Enterococcus faecalis affects the migration of BMSCs remains unclear. Methods The effects of Enterococcus faecalis supernatants on the migration of BMSCs were determined by transwell migration assays. miRNA sequencing was performed to detect the significantly differentially expressed miRNAs of BMSCs. Proteomics analysis was used to detect the protein expression alterations of BMSCs. Luciferase report assays were deployed to verify the targets of miRNA. Western blot analysis was performed to examine the expressions of matrix metalloproteinases-3, matrix metalloproteinases-9, Forkhead Box Protein J1 (FOXJ1), and nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB). The activations of NFκB were detected by luciferase assays with NFκBluc reporter. Results We found that Enterococcus faecalis supernatants could promote the migration of BMSCs. The upregulation of miR-200a-3p in this process contributed to BMSC migration through downregulating its target Forkhead Box Protein J1. Moreover, FOXJ1/ NFκB axis was found to regulate matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in this process. Conclusions These results above suggest that miR-200a contributes to the migration of BMSCs induced by the secretions of E. faecalis via FOXJ1/NFκB/MMPs axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingwei Li
- Department of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lifan Wei
- Department of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyan He
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shujun Ran
- Department of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingping Liang
- Department of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
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Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Xiao Y, Zhong C, Xiao F. Expression of Clusterin suppresses Cr(VI)-induced premature senescence through activation of PI3K/AKT pathway. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 183:109465. [PMID: 31376806 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Our group found that long-term low-dose exposure to hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] in L-02 hepatocytes resulted in premature senescence, which accompanied by the increased expression of Clusterin (CLU), but the functional role of CLU in premature senescence has never been explored. In the present study, the CLU overexpressed or silenced L-02 hepatocytes were established by lentiviral vector transfection. Cell viability assay, cell cycle analysis, western blotting, plate clone formation assay, and confocal microcopy were performed. The results indicated that Cr(VI)-induced premature senescence was associated with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) pathway inhibition, and high expression of CLU in the senescent cells exerted its functional role of promoting cell proliferation. CLU could complex with eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit I (EIF3I) and prevent its degradation, leading to the increase of AKT activity in Cr(VI)-exposed senescent hepatocytes. Blockage of the PI3K/AKT pathway with its inhibitor LY294002 eliminated the inhibitory effect of CLU on Cr(VI)-induced premature senescence. We concluded that high expression of CLU suppressed Cr(VI)-induced premature senescence through activation of PI3K/AKT pathway, which will provide the experimental basis for the study of Cr(VI)-induced liver cancer, especially for the elucidation of the mechanism of liver cancer cells escaping from senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Zhang
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, PR China
| | - Yiyuan Zhang
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Xiao
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, PR China
| | - Caigao Zhong
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, PR China
| | - Fang Xiao
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, PR China.
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9
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Sun C, Yang J, Cheng HB, Shen WX, Jiang ZQ, Wu MJ, Li L, Li WT, Chen TT, Rao XW, Zhou JR, Wu MH. 2-Hydroxy-3-methylanthraquinone inhibits lung carcinoma cells through modulation of IL-6-induced JAK2/STAT3 pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 61:152848. [PMID: 31035048 PMCID: PMC9618327 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 2-hydroxy-3-methylanthraquinone (HMA), an anthraquinone monomer in traditional Chinese medicine Hedyotis diffusa, has been reported to inhibit the growth of several types of cancer, but its effect on lung cancer has not been adequately investigated. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE This study aimed to test the hypothesis that HMA inhibit the growth, migration, and invasion of lung cancer cells in part via downregulation of interleukin (IL)-6-induced JAK2/STAT3 pathway. METHODS Growth and apoptosis of lung cancer cells were quantitated by CCK-8 assay and Annexin V-FITC/PI flow cytometric analysis, respectively. Migration and invasion of A549 cells were determined by wound-healing assay and transwell invasion assay, respectively. The effect of HMA on cytokines expression in A549 cells was evaluated by the cytokine antibody array assay. Gene expression and protein levels of related molecular markers were quantitated by real time-PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. RESULTS HMA significantly inhibited IL-6-stimulated growth and colony formation of A549 cells, increased the number of apoptotic cells, and inhibited invasion associated with downregulation of expression of IL-6-induced MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 genes. IL-6 increased the levels of tyrosine phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3 in A549 cells, which was reversed by HMA treatment. In addition, HMA reduced the expression of a series of inflammation-related cytokines in A549 cells supernatant, including IL-6, G-CSF, IL-6R, IL-8, MCP-1, RANTES, TNF-α. CONCLUSION These results suggest that HMA may inhibit the growth and invasion of lung cancer cells in part via downregulation of IL-6-induced JAK2/STAT3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Sun
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; Institute of Oncology, the First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; Translational Medicine Research Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; Nutrition/Metabolism Laboratory, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jing Yang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; Institute of Oncology, the First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Hai-Bo Cheng
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; Translational Medicine Research Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Wei-Xing Shen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; Translational Medicine Research Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Ze-Qun Jiang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; Institute of Oncology, the First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Ming-Jie Wu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Li Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; Institute of Oncology, the First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Wen-Ting Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; Institute of Oncology, the First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Ting-Ting Chen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; Translational Medicine Research Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Xi-Wu Rao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; Translational Medicine Research Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Jin-Rong Zhou
- Nutrition/Metabolism Laboratory, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Mian-Hua Wu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; Institute of Oncology, the First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
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10
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Jiang YN, Ni XY, Yan HQ, Shi L, Lu NN, Wang YN, Li Q, Gao FG. Interleukin 6-triggered ataxia-telangiectasia mutated kinase activation facilitates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in lung cancer by upregulating vimentin expression. Exp Cell Res 2019; 381:165-171. [PMID: 31100307 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) contribute to metastasis. As shown in our previous studies, interleukin-6 (IL-6) induces ATM phosphorylation to increase MMP expression and metastasis in lung cancer. However, the exact roles of ATM activation in the IL-6-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and lung cancer metastasis are currently unclear. Here, ATM phosphorylation exerts its pro-metastatic effect via vimentin-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition, which was supported by the evidence described below. Firstly, IL-6 treatment increases vimentin expression via the ATM-NF-κB pathway. Second, ATM inactivation not only abolishes IL-6-induced increases in vimentin expression but also inhibits IL-6-induced nest formation in a xenograft lung metastasis model. Moreover, close positive correlations were observed between ATM phosphorylation and vimentin upregulation, IL-6 levels and metastasis in lung cancer specimens. Hence, ATM modulates vimentin expression to facilitate IL-6-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis in lung cancer, indicating that ATM and vimentin might be potential therapeutic targets for inflammation-associated lung cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Na Jiang
- Department of Diagnostics, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xian yang, 712046, Shaanxi Province, PR China; Basic Medicine Science, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China
| | - Xiao Yan Ni
- Basic Medicine Science, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China
| | - Hong Qiong Yan
- Basic Medicine Science, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China
| | - Lei Shi
- Basic Medicine Science, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China
| | - Nan Nan Lu
- Basic Medicine Science, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China
| | - Yi Nan Wang
- Basic Medicine Science, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China
| | - Qing Li
- Basic Medicine Science, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China.
| | - Feng Guang Gao
- Basic Medicine Science, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China.
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11
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Systematic assessment of the clinicopathological prognostic significance of tissue cytokine expression for lung adenocarcinoma based on integrative analysis of TCGA data. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6301. [PMID: 31004093 PMCID: PMC6474906 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42345-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated intratumoral immune reactions are shaped by complex networks of cytokines, which coordinate with tumor cells to determine tumor progression and aggressiveness. In lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), the role of intratumoral cytokine gene expression for stratifying prognosis has not been systematically investigated. Using high-dimensional datasets of cancer specimens from clinical patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we explored the transcript abundance and prognostic impact of 27 clinically evaluable cytokines in 500 LUAD tumor samples according to clinicopathological features and two common driver mutations (EGFR and KRAS). We found that reduced expression of IL12B presented as the single prognostic factor for both poor overall survival (OS) and recurrence free survival (RFS) with high hazard ratios. Moreover, we identified that elevated expression of IL6, CXCL8 and CSF3 were additional independent predictors of poor RFS in LUAD patients. Their prognostic significance was further strengthened by their ability to stratify within clinicopathological factors. Notably, we prioritized high risk cytokines for patients with or without mutations in EGFR and KRAS. Our results provide integrative associations of cytokine gene expression with patient survival and tumor recurrence and demonstrate the necessity and validity of relating clinicopathological and genetic disposition factors for precise and personalized disease prognosis.
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12
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TANG H, BAI Y, SHEN W, ZHAO J. [Research progress on interleukin-6 in lung cancer]. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2018; 47:659-664. [PMID: 30900846 PMCID: PMC10393661 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9292.2018.12.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
As the core of cellular immunotherapy, T cells are important aspects of research and treatment of lung cancer. IL-6 is a costimulatory signal factor of T cells that is directly targeted by lung cancer stem cells. As a highly expressed cytokine in lung cancer cells, IL-6 plays an important role in variety of biological activities such as tumor occurrence, development, invasion and metastasis. This article reviews the research progress on IL-6 in lung cancer, including cancer development and progression, and the therapeutic sensitivity of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jinping ZHAO
- 赵金平(1961-), 男, 博士, 教授, 主任医师, 博士生导师, 主要从事心脏大血管及普胸外科临床和基础研究; E-mail:
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4699-6240
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13
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Elie BT, Fernández-Gallardo J, Curado N, Cornejo MA, Ramos JW, Contel M. Bimetallic titanocene-gold phosphane complexes inhibit invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis-associated signaling molecules in renal cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 161:310-322. [PMID: 30368130 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Following promising recent in vitro and in vivo studies of the anticancer efficacies of heterometallic titanocene-gold chemotherapeutic candidates against renal cancer, we report here on the synthesis, characterization, stability studies and biological evaluation of a new titanocene complex containing a gold-triethylphosphane fragment [(η-C5H5)2TiMe(μ-mba)Au(PEt3)] (4) Titanofin. The compound is more stable in physiological fluid than those previously reported, and it is highly cytotoxic against a line of human clear cell renal carcinoma. We describe here preliminary mechanistic data for this compound and previously reported [(η-C5H5)2TiMe(μ-mba)Au(PPh3)] (2) Titanocref which displayed remarkable activity in an in vivo mouse model. Mechanistic studies were carried out in the human clear cell renal carcinoma Caki-1 line for the bimetallic compounds [(η-C5H5)2TiMe(μ-mba)Au(PR3)] (PR3 = PPh32 Titanocref and PEt34 Titanofin), the two monometallic gold derivatives [Au(Hmba)(PR3)] (PR3 = PPh31 cref; PEt33 fin), titanocene dichloride and Auranofin as controls. These studies indicate that bimetallic compounds Titanocref (2) and Titanofin (4) are more cytotoxic than gold monometallic derivatives (1 and 3) and significantly more cytotoxic than titanocene dichloride while being quite selective. Titanocref (2) and Titanofin (4) inhibit migration, invasion, and angiogenic assembly along with molecular markers associated with these processes such as prometastatic IL(s), MMP(s), TNF-α, and proangiogenic VEGF, FGF-basic. The bimetallic compounds also strongly inhibit the mitochondrial protein TrxR often overexpressed in cancer cells evading apoptosis and also inhibit FOXC2, PECAM-1, and HIF-1α whose overexpression is linked to resistance to genotoxic chemotherapy. In summary, bimetallic titanocene-gold phosphane complexes (Titanocref 2 and Titanofin 4) are very promising candidates for further preclinical evaluations for the treatment of renal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benelita T Elie
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, 11210, USA; Biology PhD Programs, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Jacob Fernández-Gallardo
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, 11210, USA
| | - Natalia Curado
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, 11210, USA
| | - Mike A Cornejo
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, 11210, USA
| | - Joe W Ramos
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, USA
| | - María Contel
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, 11210, USA; Biology PhD Programs, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA; Chemistry PhD Programs, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA; Biochemistry PhD Programs, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA; Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, USA.
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14
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Liao K, Yong CW, Hua K. SB431542 inhibited cigarette smoke extract induced invasiveness of A549 cells via the TGF-β1/Smad2/MMP3 pathway. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:9681-9686. [PMID: 29963124 PMCID: PMC6020173 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer has high morbidity and mortality rates. Smoking is involved in the pathogenesis of lung cancer, and tobacco smoke may increase tumor cell invasion and metastasis. The effects of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on the carcinoma human alveolar basal epithelial A549 cell line were investigated. A549 cells were exposed to increasing concentrations of CSE for 12, 24 and 48 h, and the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) signal pathway was inhibited by addition of SB431542, a TGF-β1 receptor antagonist. The proliferation of A549 cells was assayed by a Cell Counting kit-8, invasiveness was assayed using Transwell chambers, and TGF-β1, phosphorylated mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 (p-Smad2), and matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3) levels was assessed by western blot analysis. The invasiveness of A549 cells and the expression of TGF-β1, pSmad2, and MMP-3 were significantly increased by CSE (P<0.05). The effects of CSE were abrogated by SB431542 (P<0.05). In conclusion, CSE increased the invasiveness of A549 cells and its effects were abrogated by SB431542 and the TGF-β1/Smad2/MMP-3 pathway may have been involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Liao
- Department of Respiration and Gastroenterology, The Seventh Peoples Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, P.R. China
| | - Chen-Wei Yong
- Department of Respiration and Gastroenterology, The Seventh Peoples Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, P.R. China
| | - Ke Hua
- Department of Respiration and Gastroenterology, The Seventh Peoples Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, P.R. China
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15
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Yan HQ, Zhang D, Shi YY, You X, Shi L, Li Q, Gao FG. Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated activation mediates tumor necrosis factor-alpha induced MMP-13 up-regulation and metastasis in lung cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:62070-62083. [PMID: 27556690 PMCID: PMC5308711 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite that ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) is involved in IL-6 promoted lung cancer chemotherapeutic resistance and metastasis, the exact role of ATM in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) increasing tumor migration is still elusive. In the present study, we demonstrated that TNF-α promoted lung cancer cell migration by up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13). Notably, by gene silencing or kinase inhibition, we proposed for the first time that ATM is a key up-stream regulator of TNF-α activated ERK/p38-NF-κB pathway. The existence of TNF-α secreted in autocrine or paracrine manner by components of tumor microenvironment highlights the significance of TNF-α in inflammation-associated tumor metastasis. Importantly, in vivo lung cancer metastasis test showed that ATM depletion actually reduce the number of metastatic nodules and cancer nests in lung tissues, verifying the critical role of ATM in metastasis. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that ATM, which could be activated by lung cancer-associated TNF-α, up-regulate MMP-13 expression and thereby augment tumor metastasis. Therefore, ATM might be a promising target for prevention of inflammation-associated lung cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Qiong Yan
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine Science, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine Science, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Yuan Shi
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine Science, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang You
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine Science, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine Science, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine Science, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Guang Gao
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine Science, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shang Hai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
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16
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Xia R, Xu G, Huang Y, Sheng X, Xu X, Lu H. Hesperidin suppresses the migration and invasion of non-small cell lung cancer cells by inhibiting the SDF-1/CXCR-4 pathway. Life Sci 2018; 201:111-120. [PMID: 29604270 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to investigate the ability of hesperidin to suppress the migration and invasion of A549 cells, and to investigate the role of the SDF-1/CXCR-4 cascade in this suppression. METHODS We performed a Transwell migration assay to measure the migratory capability of A549 cells treated with 0.5% DMSO, SDF-1α, AMD3100 or hesperidin. The SDF-1 level in the culture medium was determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect whether different concentrations of hesperidin affected SDF-1 secretion. A wound-healing assay was performed to determine the effects of different concentrations of hesperidin on the migration inhibition of A549, H460 and H1975 cells. Additionally, the effect of various hesperidin concentrations on the rate of A549 cell invasion and migration was examined with and without Matrigel in Transwell assays, respectively. Western blot analysis was used to evaluate the protein levels of CXCR-4, MMP-9, CK-19, Vimentin, p65, p-p65, p-IκB, IκB, p-Akt and Akt. RT-qPCR was used to detect the mRNA levels of CXCR-4, MMP-9, CK-19, Vimentin, p65, IκB, SDF-1 and Akt. RESULTS The Transwell migration assay indicated that SDF-1α promoted A549 cell migration, while AMD3100 and hesperidin significantly inhibited the migratory capability. The wound-healing assay demonstrated that hesperidin treatment significantly reduced the rate of wound closure compared with the control group in a dose-dependent manner. Similarly, the migration and invasive abilities of A549 cells, H460 and H1975 cells treated with hesperidin were significantly decreased compared with the control group. The ELISA data suggested that hesperidin attenuated the secretion of SDF-1 from A549 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, western blot analysis indicated that SDF-1α treatment significantly increased the levels of CXCR-4, p-p65, p-IκB and p-Akt in A549 cells. In contrast, AMD3100 or hesperidin reversed the effect induced by SDF-1α through decreasing the expression of CXCR-4. Subsequent RT-qPCR and western blot analyses also confirmed that hesperidin had a significant effect on the expression of EMT-related proteins, including MMP-9, CK-19 and Vimentin, in A549 cells. CONCLUSION In summary, we demonstrated that hesperidin inhibited the migratory and invasive capabilities of A549 human non-small cell lung cancer cells by the mediation of the SDF-1/CXCR-4 signaling cascade, thus providing the foundation for the development of hesperidin as a safer and more effective anticancer drug for non-small cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongmu Xia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, PR China
| | - Gang Xu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, PR China
| | - Yue Huang
- Morphological Laboratory Department, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, PR China
| | - Xin Sheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, PR China
| | - Xianlin Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, PR China
| | - Hongling Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, PR China.
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17
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He FF, Bao D, Su H, Wang YM, Lei CT, Zhang CY, Ye C, Tang H, Wan C, You CQ, Zhang J, Xiong J, Zhang C. IL-6 increases podocyte motility via MLC-mediated focal adhesion impairment and cytoskeleton disassembly. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:7173-7181. [PMID: 29574897 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The disturbance of podocyte motility is an essential pathogenic mechanisms of foot process effacement during proteinuric diseases, and myosin light chain (MLC) is a pivotal component in regulating the motility of podocytes. Inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been reported to induce podocyte abnormalities by various mechanisms, however, whether aberrant cell motility contributes to the IL-6-induced podocyte injury remains unknown. Here, by wound healing, transwell, and cell migration assays, we confirmed that IL-6 accelerates the motility of podocyte. Simultaneously, the phosphorylation of MLC is elevated along with perturbed focal adhesion (FAs) and cytoskeleton. Next, via genetic and pharmacologic interruption of MLC or its phosphorylation we revealed that the activation of MLC is implicated in IL-6-mediated podocyte hypermotility as well as the disassembly of FAs and F-actin. By using stattic, an inhibitor for STAT3 phosphorylation, we uncovered that STAT3 activation is the upstream event for MLC phosphorylation and the following aberrant motility of podocytes. Additionally, we found that calcitriol markedly attenuates podocyte hypermotility via blocking STAT3-MLC. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that IL-6 interrupts FAs dynamic, cytoskeleton organization, and eventually leads to podocyte hypermotility via STAT3/MLC, whereas calcitriol exerts its protective role by inhibiting this pathway. These findings enrich the mechanisms accounting for IL-6-mediated podocyte injury from the standpoint of cell motility and provide a novel therapeutic target for podocyte disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Fang He
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dian Bao
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua Su
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu-Mei Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chun-Tao Lei
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chun-Yun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Ye
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Wan
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao-Qun You
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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18
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ADAR1 prevents small intestinal injury from inflammation in a murine model of sepsis. Cytokine 2018; 104:30-37. [PMID: 29414324 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1), a double-stranded RNA-editing enzyme that converts adenosine (A) to inosine (I), has been identified as a modulator of immune responses. However, the role of ADAR1 in small intestinal homeostasis during sepsis remains unclear. In this study, we examined the role of ADAR1 on intestinal inflammation in a murine model of sepsis. We found that ADAR1 was highly expressed in "septic" macrophages and small intestinal tissue of septic mice. Deletion of ADAR1 in "septic" macrophages led to rapid apoptosis. In addition, suppression of ADAR1 in "septic" macrophages significantly enhanced inflammation, while over-expression of ADAR1 significantly suppressed the level of inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, suppression of ADAR1 in septic mice significantly enhanced inflammation and intestinal damage, while enhanced ADAR1 expression resulted in reduced damage and inflammation. Finally, over-expression of ADAR1 improved survival of septic mice. In conclusion, we have identified a novel ADAR1 protective effect for maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Our findings may provide a new targeted therapy for sepsis treatment.
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19
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Xie Y, Lu W, Liu S, Yang Q, Goodwin JS, Sathyanarayana SA, Pratap S, Chen Z. MMP7 interacts with ARF in nucleus to potentiate tumor microenvironments for prostate cancer progression in vivo. Oncotarget 2018; 7:47609-47619. [PMID: 27356744 PMCID: PMC5216965 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
ARF couples with TP53 in a canonical signaling pathway to activate cellular senescence for tumor suppressive function under oncogenic insults. However, the mechanisms on aberrant elevation of ARF in cancers are still poorly understood. We previously showed that ARF (p14ARF in human and p19Arf in mouse) elevation correlates with PTEN loss and stabilizes SLUG to reduce cell adhesion in prostate cancer (PCa). Here we report that ARF is essential for MMP7 expression, E-Cadherin decrease and the anchorage loss to the extracellular matrix (ECM) in PCa in vitro and in vivo. We found that Mmp7 is aberrantly elevated in cytosol and nucleus of malignant prostate tumors of Pten/Trp53 mutant mice. Interestingly, p19Arf deficiency strikingly decreases Mmp7 levels but increases E-Cadherin in Pten/Trp53/p19Arf mice. ARF knockdown markedly reduces MMP7 in human PCa cells. Conversely, tetracycline-inducible expression of ARF increases MMP7 with a decrease of E-Cadherin in PCa cells. Importantly, MMP7 physically binds ARF to show the co-localization in nucleus. Co-expression of MMP7 and ARF promotes cell migration, and MMP7 knockdown decreases wound healing in PCa cells. Furthermore, MMP7 elevation correlates with ARF expression in advanced human PCa. Our findings reveal for the first time that the crosstalk between ARF and MMP7 in nucleus contributes to ECM network in tumor microenvironments in vivo, implicating a novel therapeutic target for advanced PCa treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqiu Xie
- Department of Biology, School of Science and Technology, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Wenfu Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA
| | - Shenji Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA
| | - J Shawn Goodwin
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA
| | | | - Siddharth Pratap
- School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA
| | - Zhenbang Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA
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20
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Xu Y, Gao P, Lv X, Zhang L, Zhang J. The role of the ataxia telangiectasia mutated gene in lung cancer: recent advances in research. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2017; 11:375-380. [PMID: 28825373 PMCID: PMC5933588 DOI: 10.1177/1753465817725716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of death due to cancer worldwide. It is
estimated that approximately 1.2 million new cases of lung cancer are diagnosed
each year. Early detection and treatment are crucial for improvements in both
prognosis and quality of life of lung cancer patients. The ataxia telangiectasia
mutated (ATM) gene is a cancer-susceptibility gene that encodes a key apical
kinase in the DNA damage response pathway. It has recently been shown to play an
important role in the development of lung cancer. The main functions of the ATM
gene and protein includes participation in cell cycle regulation, and
identification and repair of DNA damage. ATM gene mutation can lead to multiple
system dysfunctions as well as a concomitant increase in tumor tendency. In
recent years, many studies have indicated that single nucleotide polymorphism of
the ATM gene is associated with increased incidence of lung cancer. At the same
time, the ATM gene and its encoding product ATM protein predicts the response to
radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and prognosis of lung cancer, thus suggesting that
the ATM gene may be a new potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of
lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Xu
- Department of Geriatrics and General Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China
| | - Xuejiao Lv
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218 Ziqiang Street, Nanguan District, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China
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Wang L, Zhu B, Zhang M, Wang X. Roles of immune microenvironment heterogeneity in therapy-associated biomarkers in lung cancer. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 64:90-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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22
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Biochemical and Biological Attributes of Matrix Metalloproteinases. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2017; 147:1-73. [PMID: 28413025 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 701] [Impact Index Per Article: 100.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc-dependent endopeptidases that are involved in the degradation of various proteins in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Typically, MMPs have a propeptide sequence, a catalytic metalloproteinase domain with catalytic zinc, a hinge region or linker peptide, and a hemopexin domain. MMPs are commonly classified on the basis of their substrates and the organization of their structural domains into collagenases, gelatinases, stromelysins, matrilysins, membrane-type (MT)-MMPs, and other MMPs. MMPs are secreted by many cells including fibroblasts, vascular smooth muscle (VSM), and leukocytes. MMPs are regulated at the level of mRNA expression and by activation of their latent zymogen form. MMPs are often secreted as inactive pro-MMP form which is cleaved to the active form by various proteinases including other MMPs. MMPs cause degradation of ECM proteins such as collagen and elastin, but could influence endothelial cell function as well as VSM cell migration, proliferation, Ca2+ signaling, and contraction. MMPs play a role in tissue remodeling during various physiological processes such as angiogenesis, embryogenesis, morphogenesis, and wound repair, as well as in pathological conditions such as myocardial infarction, fibrotic disorders, osteoarthritis, and cancer. Increases in specific MMPs could play a role in arterial remodeling, aneurysm formation, venous dilation, and lower extremity venous disorders. MMPs also play a major role in leukocyte infiltration and tissue inflammation. MMPs have been detected in cancer, and elevated MMP levels have been associated with tumor progression and invasiveness. MMPs can be regulated by endogenous tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), and the MMP/TIMP ratio often determines the extent of ECM protein degradation and tissue remodeling. MMPs have been proposed as biomarkers for numerous pathological conditions and are being examined as potential therapeutic targets in various cardiovascular and musculoskeletal disorders as well as cancer.
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23
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Zhang X, Rong X, Chen Y, Su L. Methylation-mediated loss of SFRP2 enhances invasiveness of non-small cell lung cancer cells. Hum Exp Toxicol 2017; 37:155-162. [PMID: 29320940 DOI: 10.1177/0960327117693071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The malignancy of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) largely results from its invasive manner. Secreted frizzled-related proteins (SFRPs) have been recently found to suppress the invasiveness of some cancers. On the other hand, the methylation of SFRPs increases protein degradation to reduce the activity of SFRPs, resulting in increased tumor cell invasion and cancer metastasis. However, the role of SFRPs in the invasion of NSCLC has not been reported. Here we analyzed the regulation of SFRPs in NSCLC cells and its effects on cell invasion. We found that SFRP2 mRNA was significantly decreased and methylation of SFRP2 gene was significantly increased in NSCLC tissue, compared to the paired adjacent nontumor tissue. Moreover, SFRP2 expression was significantly decreased in NSCLC cell lines. In NSCLC cell lines, the SFRP2 expression would be restored by the demethylation of SFRP2 gene with 5'-aza-deoxycytidine in NSCLC cell lines, at the levels of both mRNA and protein. Thus, the cell invasion would be suppressed. Furthermore, the demethylation of SFRP2 gene appeared to inhibit Zinc Finger E-Box Binding Homeobox 1 (ZEB1) and matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9), two key factors that enhance NSCLC cell invasion. Thus, SFRP2 may inhibit NSCLC invasion by suppressing ZEB1 and MMP9, while its methylation promotes NSCLC invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zhang
- 1 Department of Respiratory, Shandong Provincial Chest Hospital, Ji'nan, China
| | - X Rong
- 1 Department of Respiratory, Shandong Provincial Chest Hospital, Ji'nan, China
| | - Y Chen
- 2 Department of Internal medicine, The Fourth People's Hospital of Ji'nan, Ji'nan Clinical School of Taishan Medical College, Ji'nan, China
| | - L Su
- 3 Department of Respiratory, The Fourth People's Hospital of Ji'nan, Ji'nan Clinical School of Taishan Medical College, Ji'nan, China
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UHRF1 suppression promotes cell differentiation and reduces inflammatory reaction in anaplastic thyroid cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 9:31945-31957. [PMID: 30174788 PMCID: PMC6112835 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC), an undifferentiated subtype of thyroid cancer, is one of the most malignant endocrine cancer with low survival rate, and resistant to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Here we found that UHRF1 was highly expressed in human ATC compared with normal tissue and papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Knockdown of UHRF1 inhibited proliferation of ATC in vitro and in vivo. Consistently, overexpression of UHRF1 promoted the proliferation of thyroid cancer cells. Moreover, UHRF1 suppression induced differentiation of three-dimensional (3D) cultured ATC cells and down-regulated the expression of dedifferentiation marker (CD97). The stem cell markers (Sox2, Oct4 and Nanog) were suppressed simultaneously. In addition, UHRF1 knockdown reduced the transcription of cytokines (IL-8, TGF-α and TNF-α), which might relieve the inflammatory reaction in ATC patients. This study demonstrated a role of UHRF1 in ATC proliferation, dedifferentiation and inflammatory reaction, presenting UHRF1 as a potential target in ATC therapy.
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Mittal R, Patel AP, Debs LH, Nguyen D, Patel K, Grati M, Mittal J, Yan D, Chapagain P, Liu XZ. Intricate Functions of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Physiological and Pathological Conditions. J Cell Physiol 2016; 231:2599-621. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Mittal
- Department of Otolaryngology; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Miami Florida
| | - Amit P. Patel
- Department of Otolaryngology; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Miami Florida
| | - Luca H. Debs
- Department of Otolaryngology; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Miami Florida
| | - Desiree Nguyen
- Department of Otolaryngology; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Miami Florida
| | - Kunal Patel
- Department of Otolaryngology; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Miami Florida
| | - M'hamed Grati
- Department of Otolaryngology; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Miami Florida
| | - Jeenu Mittal
- Department of Otolaryngology; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Miami Florida
| | - Denise Yan
- Department of Otolaryngology; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Miami Florida
| | - Prem Chapagain
- Department of Physics; Florida International University; Miami Florida
- Biomolecular Science Institute; Florida International University; Miami Florida
| | - Xue Zhong Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Miami Florida
- Department of Biochemistry; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Miami Florida
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HU CHUNFANG, HUANG YIYING, WANG YONGJIE, GAO FENGGUANG. Upregulation of ABCG2 via the PI3K-Akt pathway contributes to acidic microenvironment-induced cisplatin resistance in A549 and LTEP-a-2 lung cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:455-61. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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27
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Liu Y, Xu Y, Guo S, Chen H. T cell factor-4 functions as a co-activator to promote NF-κB-dependent MMP-15 expression in lung carcinoma cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24025. [PMID: 27046058 PMCID: PMC4820775 DOI: 10.1038/srep24025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Both TCF-4 and MMP-15 are closely linked to the development of lung cancer, while the regulatory role of TCF-4 in MMP-15 expression is still obscure. Here we found that expression of TCF-4 and MMP-15 was increased in lung cancer cells or tissues versus the normal ones. With gain-or loss-of -function studies, we demonstrated that TCF-4 positively regulated MMP-15 expression in mRNA and protein levels. With reporter gene assay, we found that TCF-4 regulated MMP-15 expression via a potential NF-κB binding element locating at -2833/-2824 in the mouse MMP-15 promoter. With ChIP and immunoblotting assays, we identified that TCF-4 functioned as a co-activator to potentiate the binding between p65 and MMP-15 promoter. Functionally, TCF-4 silence attenuated the migration activity of LLC cells, while additional overexpression of MMP-15 rescued this effect in cell scratch test and transwell migration assay. In xenograft model, TCF-4 silence-improved tumor lesions in lungs and survival time of LLC-tumor bearing mice were abolished by MMP-15 overexpression. In conclusion, we are the first to identify TCF-4 as a co-activator of NF-κB p65 to promote MMP-15 transcription and potentiate the migration activity of the lung cancer cells. Our findings shed light on the therapeutic strategies of this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 400037, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuliang Guo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
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