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Kühl F, Brand K, Lichtinghagen R, Huber R. GSK3-Driven Modulation of Inflammation and Tissue Integrity in the Animal Model. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8263. [PMID: 39125833 PMCID: PMC11312333 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, GSK3 is accepted as an enzyme strongly involved in the regulation of inflammation by balancing the pro- and anti-inflammatory responses of cells and organisms, thus influencing the initiation, progression, and resolution of inflammatory processes at multiple levels. Disturbances within its broad functional scope, either intrinsically or extrinsically induced, harbor the risk of profound disruptions to the regular course of the immune response, including the formation of severe inflammation-related diseases. Therefore, this review aims at summarizing and contextualizing the current knowledge derived from animal models to further shape our understanding of GSK3α and β and their roles in the inflammatory process and the occurrence of tissue/organ damage. Following a short recapitulation of structure, function, and regulation of GSK3, we will focus on the lessons learned from GSK3α/β knock-out and knock-in/overexpression models, both conventional and conditional, as well as a variety of (predominantly rodent) disease models reflecting defined pathologic conditions with a significant proportion of inflammation and inflammation-related tissue injury. In summary, the literature suggests that GSK3 acts as a crucial switch driving pro-inflammatory and destructive processes and thus contributes significantly to the pathogenesis of inflammation-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - René Huber
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (F.K.); (K.B.); (R.L.)
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Chen M, Fang Y, Ge Y, Qiu S, Dworkin L, Gong R. The redox-sensitive GSK3β is a key regulator of glomerular podocyte injury in type 2 diabetic kidney disease. Redox Biol 2024; 72:103127. [PMID: 38527400 PMCID: PMC10979123 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that GSK3β, a redox-sensitive transducer downstream of insulin signaling, acts as a convergent point for myriad pathways implicated in kidney injury, repair, and regeneration. However, its role in diabetic kidney disease remains controversial. In cultured glomerular podocytes, exposure to a milieu of type 2 diabetes elicited prominent signs of podocyte injury and degeneration, marked by loss of homeostatic marker proteins like synaptopodin, actin cytoskeleton disruption, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and stress-induced premature senescence, as shown by increased staining for senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity, amplified formation of γH2AX foci, and elevated expression of mediators of senescence signaling, like p21 and p16INK4A. These degenerative changes coincided with GSK3β hyperactivity, as evidenced by GSK3β overexpression and reduced inhibitory phosphorylation of GSK3β, and were averted by tideglusib, a highly-selective small molecule inhibitor of GSK3β. In agreement, post-hoc analysis of a publicly-available glomerular transcriptomics dataset from patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy revealed that the curated diabetic nephropathy-related gene set was enriched in high GSK3β expression group. Mechanistically, GSK3β-modulated nuclear factor Nrf2 signaling is involved in diabetic podocytopathy, because GSK3β knockdown reinforced Nrf2 antioxidant response and suppressed oxidative stress, resulting in an improvement in podocyte injury and senescence. Conversely, ectopic expression of the constitutively active mutant of GSK3β impaired Nrf2 antioxidant response and augmented oxidative stress, culminating in an exacerbated diabetic podocyte injury and senescence. Moreover, IRS-1 was found to be a cognate substrate of GSK3β for phosphorylation at IRS-1S332, which negatively regulates IRS-1 activity. GSK3β hyperactivity promoted IRS-1 phosphorylation, denoting a desensitized insulin signaling. Consistently, in vivo in db/db mice with diabetic nephropathy, GSK3β was hyperactive in glomerular podocytes, associated with IRS-1 hyperphosphorylation, impaired Nrf2 response and premature senescence. Our finding suggests that GSK3β is likely a novel therapeutic target for treating type 2 diabetic glomerular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxuan Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Yudong Fang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Yan Ge
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Shuhao Qiu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Lance Dworkin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, USA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Rujun Gong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, USA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, USA; Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH, USA.
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Żołnierkiewicz O, Rogacka D. Hyperglycemia - A culprit of podocyte pathology in the context of glycogen metabolism. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 753:109927. [PMID: 38350532 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.109927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Prolonged disruption in the balance of glucose can result in metabolic disorders. The kidneys play a significant role in regulating blood glucose levels. However, when exposed to chronic hyperglycemia, the kidneys' ability to handle glucose metabolism may be impaired, leading to an accumulation of glycogen. Earlier studies have shown that there can be a significant increase in glucose storage in the form of glycogen in the kidneys in diabetes. Podocytes play a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of filtration barrier. In diabetes, exposure to elevated glucose levels can lead to significant metabolic and structural changes in podocytes, contributing to kidney damage and the development of diabetic kidney disease. The accumulation of glycogen in podocytes is not a well-established phenomenon. However, a recent study has demonstrated the presence of glycogen granules in podocytes. This review delves into the intricate connections between hyperglycemia and glycogen metabolism within the context of the kidney, with special emphasis on podocytes. The aberrant storage of glycogen has the potential to detrimentally impact podocyte functionality and perturb their structural integrity. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the alterations in cellular signaling pathways that may potentially lead to glycogen overproduction in podocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Żołnierkiewicz
- Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Dorota Rogacka
- Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland; University of Gdansk, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland.
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Liang LL, He MF, Zhou PP, Pan SK, Liu DW, Liu ZS. GSK3β: A ray of hope for the treatment of diabetic kidney disease. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23458. [PMID: 38315453 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202302160r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), a major microvascular complication of diabetes, is characterized by its complex pathogenesis, high risk of chronic renal failure, and lack of effective diagnosis and treatment methods. GSK3β (glycogen synthase kinase 3β), a highly conserved threonine/serine kinase, was found to activate glycogen synthase. As a key molecule of the glucose metabolism pathway, GSK3β participates in a variety of cellular activities and plays a pivotal role in multiple diseases. However, these effects are not only mediated by affecting glucose metabolism. This review elaborates on the role of GSK3β in DKD and its damage mechanism in different intrinsic renal cells. GSK3β is also a biomarker indicating the progression of DKD. Finally, the protective effects of GSK3β inhibitors on DKD are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Lu Liang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
- Henan Province Research Center For Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Meng-Fei He
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
- Henan Province Research Center For Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Pan-Pan Zhou
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
- Henan Province Research Center For Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Shao-Kang Pan
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
- Henan Province Research Center For Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Wei Liu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
- Henan Province Research Center For Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhang-Suo Liu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
- Henan Province Research Center For Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
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Zeng L, Ng JKC, Fung WWS, Chan GCK, Chow KM, Szeto CC. Intrarenal and Urinary Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 Beta Levels in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Chronic Kidney Disease. Kidney Blood Press Res 2023; 48:241-248. [PMID: 36940673 PMCID: PMC10158084 DOI: 10.1159/000530210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK3β) overactivity has been associated with a diverse range of kidney diseases. GSK3β activity in urinary exfoliated cells was reported to predict the progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). We compared the prognostic value of urinary and intrarenal GSK3β levels in DKD and nondiabetic chronic kidney disease (CKD). METHODS We recruited 118 consecutive biopsy-proved DKD patients and 115 nondiabetic CKD patients. Their urinary and intrarenal GSK3β levels were measured. They were then followed for dialysis-free survival and rate of renal function decline. RESULTS DKD group had higher intrarenal and urinary GSK3β levels than nondiabetic CKD (p < 0.0001 for both), but their urinary GSK3β mRNA levels were similar. Urinary p-GSK3β level is statistically significantly correlated with the baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), but urinary GSK3β level by ELISA, its mRNA level, the p-GSK3β level, or the p-GSK3β/GSK3β ratio had no association with dialysis-free survival or the slope of eGFR decline. In contrast, the intrarenal pY216-GSK3β/total GSK3β ratio significantly correlated with the slope of eGFR decline (r = -0.335, p = 0.006) and remained an independent predictor after adjusting for other clinical factors. CONCLUSION Intrarenal and urinary GSK3β levels were increased in DKD. The intrarenal pY216-GSK3β/total GSK3β ratio was associated with the rate of progression of DKD. The pathophysiological roles of GSK3β in kidney diseases deserve further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfeng Zeng
- Carol and Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences (LiHS), Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Jack Kit-Chung Ng
- Carol and Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Winston Wing-Shing Fung
- Carol and Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Gordon Chun-Kau Chan
- Carol and Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Kai-Ming Chow
- Carol and Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Cheuk-Chun Szeto
- Carol and Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences (LiHS), Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR
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Li XZ, Jiang H, Xu L, Liu YQ, Tang JW, Shi JS, Yu XJ, Wang X, Du L, Lu Q, Li CL, Liu YW, Yin XX. Sarsasapogenin restores podocyte autophagy in diabetic nephropathy by targeting GSK3β signaling pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 192:114675. [PMID: 34252407 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Podocyte injury following abnormal podocyte autophagy plays an indispensable role in diabetic nephropathy (DN), therefore, restoration of podocyte autophagy is considered as a feasible strategy for the treatment of DN. Here, we investigated the preventive effects of sarsasapogenin (Sar), the main active ingredient in Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge, on the podocyte injury in diabetic rats, and tried to illustrate the mechanisms underlying the effects in high glucose (HG, 40 mM)-treated podocytes (MPs). Diabetes model was established in rats with single streptozocin (60 mg· kg-1) intraperitoneal administration. The rats were then treated with Sar (20, 60 mg· kg-1· d-1, i.g.) or a positive control drug insulin (INS) (40 U· kg-1· d-1, i.h.) for 10 weeks. Our results showed that both Sar and insulin precluded the decreases of autophagy-related proteins (ATG5, Beclin1 and LC3B) and podocyte marker proteins (podocin, nephrin and synaptopodin) in the diabetic kidney. Furthermore, network pharmacology was utilized to assess GSK3β as the potential target involved in the action of Sar on DN and were substantiated by significant changes of GSK3β signaling in the diabetic kidney. The underlying protection mechanisms of Sar were explored in HG-treated MPs. Sar (20, 40 μM) or insulin (50 mU/L) significantly increased the expression of autophagy- related proteins and podocyte marker proteins in HG-treated MPs. Furthermore, Sar or insulin treatment efficiently regulatedphosphorylation at activation and inhibition sites of GSK3β. To sum up, this study certifies that Sar meliorates experimental DN through targeting GSK3β signaling pathway and restoring podocyte autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Zhi Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liu Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi-Qi Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jia-Wei Tang
- School of Medical Information and Engineering, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jia-Sen Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiu-Juan Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cheng-Lin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yao-Wu Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiao-Xing Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China.
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Role of nitric oxide in the response to photooxidative stress in prostate cancer cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 182:114205. [PMID: 32828802 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A continuous state of oxidative stress during inflammation contributes to the development of 25% of human cancers. Epithelial and inflammatory cells release reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) that can damage DNA. ROS/RNS have biological implications in both chemoresistance and tumor recurrence. As several clinically employed anticancer drugs can generate ROS/RNS, we have addressed herein how inducible nitric oxide synthase and nitric oxide (iNOS/•NO) affect the molecular pathways implicated in the tumor response to oxidative stress. To mimic the oxidative stress associated with chemotherapy, we used a photosensitizer (pheophorbide a) that can generate ROS/RNS in a controlled manner. We investigated how iNOS/•NO modulates the tumor response to oxidative stress by involving the NF-κB and Nrf2 molecular pathways. We found that low levels of iNOS induce the development of a more aggressive tumor population, leading to survival, recurrence and resistance. By contrast, high levels of iNOS/•NO sensitize tumor cells to oxidative treatment, causing cell growth arrest. Our analysis showed that NF-κB and Nrf2, which are activated in response to oxidative stress, communicate with each other through RKIP. For this critical role, RKIP could be an interesting target for anticancer drugs. Our study provides insight into the complex signaling response of cancer cells to oxidative treatments as well as new possibilities for the rational design of new therapeutic strategies.
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GSK3: A Kinase Balancing Promotion and Resolution of Inflammation. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040820. [PMID: 32231133 PMCID: PMC7226814 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
GSK3 has been implicated for years in the regulation of inflammation and addressed in a plethora of scientific reports using a variety of experimental (disease) models and approaches. However, the specific role of GSK3 in the inflammatory process is still not fully understood and controversially discussed. Following a detailed overview of structure, function, and various regulatory levels, this review focusses on the immunoregulatory functions of GSK3, including the current knowledge obtained from animal models. Its impact on pro-inflammatory cytokine/chemokine profiles, bacterial/viral infections, and the modulation of associated pro-inflammatory transcriptional and signaling pathways is discussed. Moreover, GSK3 contributes to the resolution of inflammation on multiple levels, e.g., via the regulation of pro-resolving mediators, the clearance of apoptotic immune cells, and tissue repair processes. The influence of GSK3 on the development of different forms of stimulation tolerance is also addressed. Collectively, the role of GSK3 as a kinase balancing the initiation/perpetuation and the amelioration/resolution of inflammation is highlighted.
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Liang X, Chen B, Wang P, Ge Y, Malhotra DK, Dworkin LD, Liu Z, Gong R. Triptolide potentiates the cytoskeleton-stabilizing activity of cyclosporine A in glomerular podocytes via a GSK3β dependent mechanism. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:800-812. [PMID: 32269713 PMCID: PMC7137037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. (TwHF) is a traditional Chinese herb and has a broad spectrum of biological functions including immunosuppression and anti-inflammatory effects. When used in combination with other standard of care medications, such as glucocorticoids and calcineurin inhibitors like cyclosporine A, for treating glomerular diseases, TwHF demonstrates a remarkable dose-sparing effect, the molecular mechanism for which remains largely unknown. In an in vitro model of podocytopathy elicited by a diabetic milieu, triptolide, the major active component of TwHF, at low doses, potentiated the beneficial effect of cyclosporine A, and protected podocytes against diabetic milieu-elicited injury, mitigated cytoskeleton derangement, and preserved podocyte filtration barrier function, entailing a synergistic cytoskeleton-preserving and podocyte protective effect of triptolide and cyclosporine A. Mechanistically, inhibitory phosphorylation of GSK3β, a key molecule recently implicated as a convergence point of podocytopathic pathways, is likely required for the synergistic effect of triptolide and cyclosporine A on podocyte protection, because the synergistic effect was largely blunted in cells expressing the constitutively active GSK3β. Ergo, a synergistic podocyte cytoskeleton-stabilizing mechanism seems to underlie the cyclosporine A-sparing effect of triptolide in glomerulopathies. Combined triptolide and cyclosporine A therapy at reduced doses may be an invaluable regimen for treating diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhui Liang
- Blood Purification Center, Institute of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou, China
- Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University School of MedicineProvidence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Bohan Chen
- Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University School of MedicineProvidence, Rhode Island, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of MedicineToledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Pei Wang
- Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University School of MedicineProvidence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Yan Ge
- Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University School of MedicineProvidence, Rhode Island, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of MedicineToledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Deepak K Malhotra
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of MedicineToledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Lance D Dworkin
- Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University School of MedicineProvidence, Rhode Island, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of MedicineToledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Zhangsuo Liu
- Blood Purification Center, Institute of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou, China
| | - Rujun Gong
- Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University School of MedicineProvidence, Rhode Island, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of MedicineToledo, Ohio, USA
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Glycogen synthase kinase 3β hyperactivity in urinary exfoliated cells predicts progression of diabetic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2019; 97:175-192. [PMID: 31791666 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Burgeoning evidence points to glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)3β as a key player in diverse kidney diseases. However, as a pivotal transducer of the insulin signaling pathway, the role of GSK3β in diabetic kidney disease remains uncertain. In db/db mice, renal expression of total and activated GSK3β was increasingly elevated. This preceded the development of diabetic kidney disease, and correlated with the progression of signs of diabetic kidney injury, including albuminuria and extracellular matrix accumulation in glomeruli and tubulointerstitia. In vitro, exposure of glomerular podocytes, mesangial cells, and renal tubular cells to a diabetic milieu induced GSK3β overexpression and hyperactivity, which seem essential and sufficient for eliciting diabetic cellular damages in kidney cells, because the cytopathic effect of the diabetic milieu was mitigated by GSK3β knockdown, but was mimicked by ectopic expression of constitutively active GSK3β even in the normal milieu. In consistency, kidney biopsy specimens procured from patients with varying stages of diabetic nephropathy revealed an amplified expression of total and activated GSK3β in glomeruli and renal tubules, associated with the severity of diabetic nephropathy. Moreover, in retrospective cohorts of type 2 diabetic patients that were followed for over five years, the relative activity of GSK3β in banked urinary exfoliated cells represented an independent risk factor for development or progression of renal impairment. Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that GSK3β activity in urinary exfoliated cells provided much better power than albuminuria in discriminating diabetic patients with progressive renal impairment from those with stable kidney function. Thus, renal expression and activity of GSK3β are amplified in experimental and clinical diabetic nephropathy. Hence, GSK3β in urinary exfoliated cells may serve as a novel biomarker for predicting diabetic kidney disease progression.
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11
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Shen Y, Chen S, Zhao Y. Sulfiredoxin-1 alleviates high glucose-induced podocyte injury though promoting Nrf2/ARE signaling via inactivation of GSK-3β. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 516:1137-1144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.06.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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12
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Lu M, Wang P, Qiao Y, Jiang C, Ge Y, Flickinger B, Malhotra DK, Dworkin LD, Liu Z, Gong R. GSK3β-mediated Keap1-independent regulation of Nrf2 antioxidant response: A molecular rheostat of acute kidney injury to chronic kidney disease transition. Redox Biol 2019; 26:101275. [PMID: 31349118 PMCID: PMC6669347 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transition of acute kidney injury (AKI) to chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents an important cause of kidney failure. However, how AKI is transformed into CKD remains elusive. Following folic acid injury, mice developed AKI with ensuing CKD transition, featured by variable degrees of interstitial fibrosis and tubular cell atrophy and growth arrest. This lingering injury of renal tubules was associated with sustained oxidative stress that was concomitant with an impaired Nrf2 antioxidant defense, marked by mitigated Nrf2 nuclear accumulation and blunted induction of its target antioxidant enzymes, like heme oxygenase (HO)-1. Activation of the canonical Keap1/Nrf2 signaling, nevertheless, seems intact during CKD transition because Nrf2 in injured tubules remained activated and elevated in cytoplasm. Moreover, oxidative thiol modification and activation of Keap1, the cytoplasmic repressor of Nrf2, was barely associated with CKD transition. In contrast, glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)3β, a key modulator of the Keap1-independent Nrf2 regulation, was persistently overexpressed and hyperactive in injured tubules. Likewise, in patients who developed CKD following AKI due to diverse etiologies, like volume depletion and exposure to radiocontrast agents or aristolochic acid, sustained GSK3β overexpression was evident in renal tubules and coincided with oxidative damages, impaired Nrf2 nuclear accumulation and mitigated induction of antioxidant gene expression. Mechanistically, the Nrf2 response against oxidative insult was sabotaged in renal tubular cells expressing a constitutively active mutant of GSK3β, but reinforced by ectopic expression of dominant negative GSK3β in a Keap1-independent manner. In vivo in folic acid-injured mice, targeting GSK3β in renal tubules via conditional knockout or by weekly microdose lithium treatment reinstated Nrf2 antioxidant response in the kidney and hindered AKI to CKD transition. Ergo, our findings suggest that GSK3β-mediated Keap1-independent regulation of Nrf2 may serve as an actionable therapeutic target for modifying the long-term sequelae of AKI. AKI to CKD transition involves sustained GSK3β overactivation and impaired Nrf2 response in injured renal tubules. Microdose lithium rectifies GSK3β overactivity in the kidney, reinstates Nrf2 response and hinders AKI to CKD transition. GSK3β-mediated Keap1-independent regulation of Nrf2 is a novel therapeutic target for modifying long-term sequelae of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglei Lu
- Institute of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China; Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI, 02903, United States; Division of Nephrology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, 43614, United States
| | - Pei Wang
- Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI, 02903, United States
| | - Yingjin Qiao
- Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI, 02903, United States
| | - Chunming Jiang
- Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI, 02903, United States
| | - Yan Ge
- Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI, 02903, United States; Division of Nephrology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, 43614, United States
| | | | - Deepak K Malhotra
- Division of Nephrology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, 43614, United States
| | - Lance D Dworkin
- Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI, 02903, United States; Division of Nephrology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, 43614, United States; Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, 43614, United States
| | - Zhangsuo Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Rujun Gong
- Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI, 02903, United States; Division of Nephrology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, 43614, United States; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, 43614, United States.
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13
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Hurcombe JA, Lay AC, Ni L, Barrington AF, Woodgett JR, Quaggin SE, Welsh GI, Coward RJ. Podocyte GSK3α is important for autophagy and its loss detrimental for glomerular function. FASEB Bioadv 2019; 1:498-510. [PMID: 31825015 PMCID: PMC6902909 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2019-00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Podocytes are key cells in maintaining the integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier and preventing albuminuria. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) is a multi-functional serine/threonine kinase existing as two distinct but related isoforms (α and β). In the podocyte it has previously been reported that inhibition of the β isoform is beneficial in attenuating a variety of glomerular disease models but loss of both isoforms is catastrophic. However, it is not known what the role of GSK3α is in these cells. We now show that GSK3α is present and dynamically modulated in podocytes. When GSK3α is transgenically knocked down specifically in the podocytes of mice it causes mild but significant albuminuria by 6-weeks of life. Its loss also does not protect in models of diabetic or Adriamycin-induced nephropathy. In vitro deletion of podocyte GSK3α causes cell death and impaired autophagic flux suggesting it is important for this key cellular process. Collectively this work shows that GSK3α is important for podocyte health and that augmenting its function may be beneficial in treating glomerular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A C Lay
- Bristol Renal, University of Bristol
| | - L Ni
- Bristol Renal, University of Bristol
| | | | - J R Woodgett
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System & University of Toronto, Canada
| | - S E Quaggin
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, US
| | - G I Welsh
- Bristol Renal, University of Bristol
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14
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Guo Q, Wang J, Ge Y, Malhotra DK, Dworkin LD, Wang P, Gong R. Brain natriuretic peptide mitigates TIMP2 induction and reinstates extracellular matrix catabolic activity via GSK3β inhibition in glomerular podocytes exposed to a profibrogenic milieu. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:964-973. [PMID: 30899395 PMCID: PMC6413260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) has a demonstrable anti-fibrotic effect on diverse organ systems, including the kidney. To understand the molecular mechanism underlying this renoprotective effect, the efficacy of BNP was examined in an in vitro model of glomerular sclerosis by exposing glomerular podocytes to transforming growth factor (TGF)β1-containing media that recapitulates the profibrogenic milieu in chronic glomerular disease. BNP mitigates extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation in TGFβ1-treated podocytes, as evidenced by Sirius red assay and staining, concomitant with a restoration of the ECM catabolizing activity, as assessed by pulse chase analysis. This effect was in parallel with a mitigating effect on TGFβ1-elicited overexpression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)2, a key inhibitor of a multitude of ECM-degrading metalloproteinases. Mechanistically, glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)3β, a key player in pathogenesis of podocyte injury and glomerulopathies, seems to be involved. BNP treatment considerably induced GSK3β inhibition, marked by inhibitory phosphorylation at the serine 9 residue, and this significantly correlated with the abrogated TIMP2 induction in TGFβ1-injured podocytes. Moreover, genetic knockout of GSK3β in podocytes is sufficient to attenuate the TGFβ1 induced TIMP2 expression and ECM deposition, reminiscent of the effect of BNP. Conversely, ectopic expression of a nonphosphorylatable GSK3β mutant abolished the inhibitory effect of BNP on TGFβ1-elicited TIMP2 overexpression and ECM accumulation, signifying an essential role of GSK3β inhibition in mediating the effect of BNP. Collectively, BNP possesses an anti-fibrotic activity in glomerular epithelial cells. This finding, if validated in vivo, may open a new avenue to the treatment of glomerulosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongqiong Guo
- Department of Hemopurification Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyang, China
| | - Junxia Wang
- Department of Hemopurification Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyang, China
| | - Yan Ge
- Institute of Nephrology, Blood Purification Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou, China
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of MedicineToledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Deepak K Malhotra
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of MedicineToledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Lance D Dworkin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of MedicineToledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Pei Wang
- Institute of Nephrology, Blood Purification Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou, China
| | - Rujun Gong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of MedicineToledo, Ohio, USA
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15
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Hurcombe JA, Hartley P, Lay AC, Ni L, Bedford JJ, Leader JP, Singh S, Murphy A, Scudamore CL, Marquez E, Barrington AF, Pinto V, Marchetti M, Wong LF, Uney J, Saleem MA, Mathieson PW, Patel S, Walker RJ, Woodgett JR, Quaggin SE, Welsh GI, Coward RJM. Podocyte GSK3 is an evolutionarily conserved critical regulator of kidney function. Nat Commun 2019; 10:403. [PMID: 30679422 PMCID: PMC6345761 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08235-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Albuminuria affects millions of people, and is an independent risk factor for kidney failure, cardiovascular morbidity and death. The key cell that prevents albuminuria is the terminally differentiated glomerular podocyte. Here we report the evolutionary importance of the enzyme Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 (GSK3) for maintaining podocyte function in mice and the equivalent nephrocyte cell in Drosophila. Developmental deletion of both GSK3 isoforms (α and β) in murine podocytes causes late neonatal death associated with massive albuminuria and renal failure. Similarly, silencing GSK3 in nephrocytes is developmentally lethal for this cell. Mature genetic or pharmacological podocyte/nephrocyte GSK3 inhibition is also detrimental; producing albuminuric kidney disease in mice and nephrocyte depletion in Drosophila. Mechanistically, GSK3 loss causes differentiated podocytes to re-enter the cell cycle and undergo mitotic catastrophe, modulated via the Hippo pathway but independent of Wnt-β-catenin. This work clearly identifies GSK3 as a critical regulator of podocyte and hence kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Hurcombe
- Bristol Renal, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK
| | - P Hartley
- Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, BH12 5BB, UK
| | - A C Lay
- Bristol Renal, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK
| | - L Ni
- Bristol Renal, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK
| | - J J Bedford
- Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
| | - J P Leader
- Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
| | - S Singh
- Bristol Renal, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK
| | - A Murphy
- Department of Pathology, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow, G51 4TF, UK
| | - C L Scudamore
- Mary Lyon Centre, MRC Harwell, Didcot, Oxford, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - E Marquez
- Bristol Renal, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK
| | - A F Barrington
- Bristol Renal, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK
| | - V Pinto
- Bristol Renal, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK
| | - M Marchetti
- Bristol Renal, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK
| | - L-F Wong
- Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS2 8DZ, UK
| | - J Uney
- Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS2 8DZ, UK
| | - M A Saleem
- Bristol Renal, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK
| | - P W Mathieson
- Bristol Renal, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK
- The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - S Patel
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System & University of Toronto, Toronto, M5G 1X5, Canada
- Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - R J Walker
- Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
| | - J R Woodgett
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System & University of Toronto, Toronto, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - S E Quaggin
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, 60611, IL, USA
| | - G I Welsh
- Bristol Renal, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK
| | - R J M Coward
- Bristol Renal, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK.
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16
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Yuan YP, Zhao H, Peng LQ, Li ZF, Liu S, Yuan CY, Mwamunyi MJ, Pearce D, Yao LJ. The SGK3-triggered ubiquitin-proteasome degradation of podocalyxin (PC) and ezrin in podocytes was associated with the stability of the PC/ezrin complex. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1114. [PMID: 30385740 PMCID: PMC6212497 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1161-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Podocyte damage is commonly accompanied by destabilization of the podocalyxin (PC)/ezrin complex. Serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 3 (SGK3) plays a role in the maintenance of podocyte function, but the details of this role are poorly understood. Herein we demonstrated that SGK3 and its downstream target protein neural precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated protein 4 subtype 2 (Nedd4-2) triggered PC and ezrin interaction. In adriamycin (ADR)-induced nephritic mice, and after puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN)-induced podocyte damage in vitro, PC and ezrin protein expression levels decreased significantly, while Nedd4-2 activity increased. Moreover, PAN treatment increased PC and ezrin ubiquitination and decreased PC/ezrin interaction in cultured mouse podocytes. The downregulation of SGK3 activity in mouse podocytes resulted in decreased PC and ezrin protein expression and increased the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation of PC and ezrin. Furthermore, upregulation of SGK3 activity mostly reversed the PAN-induced decrease in PC and ezrin protein expression. Overexpression of Nedd4-2 led to decreased ezrin protein expression via the upregulation of ezrin ubiquitination. In contrast, Nedd4-2 knockdown resulted in increased ezrin protein expression but decreased ezrin ubiquitination. In PC-transfected human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) cells, SGK3 activity downregulation and Nedd4-2 overexpression resulted in decreased PC/ezrin interaction. These results suggested that SGK3 triggers the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation of PC and ezrin, while the SGK3/Nedd4-2 signaling pathway regulates ezrin, but not PC, ubiquitination. Thus SGK3 helps to regulate podocyte function by maintaining the stability of the PC/ezrin complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Pei Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, China
| | - Li-Qin Peng
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China.,Department of Rheumatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zi-Fang Li
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng-Yan Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Mercy-Julian Mwamunyi
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - David Pearce
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94107-2140, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94107-2140, USA
| | - Li-Jun Yao
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China.
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17
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Luu BE, Wijenayake S, Zhang J, Tessier SN, Quintero-Galvis JF, Gaitán-Espitia JD, Nespolo RF, Storey KB. Strategies of biochemical adaptation for hibernation in a South American marsupial, Dromiciops gliroides: 2. Control of the Akt pathway and protein translation machinery. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 224:19-25. [PMID: 29247846 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
When faced with harsh environmental conditions, the South American marsupial, monito del monte (Dromiciops gliroides), reduces its body temperature and uses either daily torpor or multiday hibernation to survive. This study used ELISA and multiplex assays to characterize the responses to hibernation by three regulatory components of protein translation machinery [p-eIF2α(S51), p-eIF4E(S209), p-4EBP(Thr37/46)] and eight targets involved in upstream signaling control of translation [p-IGF-1R(Tyr1135/1136), PTEN(S380), p-Akt(S473), p-GSK-3α(S21), p-GSK-3β(S9), p-TSC2(S939), p-mTOR(S2448), and p70S6K(T412)]. Liver, brain and kidney were analyzed comparing control and hibernation (4days continuous torpor) conditions. In the liver, increased phosphorylation of IGF-1R, Akt, GSK-3β, TSC2, mTOR, eIF2α, and 4EBP (1.60-1.98 fold compared to control) occurred during torpor suggesting that the regulatory phosphorylation cascade and protein synthesis remained active during torpor. However, responses by brain and kidney differed; torpor resulted in increased phosphorylation of GSK-3β (2.15-4.17 fold) and TSC2 (2.03-3.65 fold), but phosphorylated Akt decreased (to 34-62% of control levels). Torpor also led to an increase in phosphorylated eIF2α (1.4 fold) content in the brain. These patterns of differential protein phosphorylation in brain and kidney were indicative of suppression of protein translation but also could suggest an increase in antioxidant and anti-apoptotic signaling during torpor. Previous studies of liver metabolism in hibernating eutherian mammals have shown that Akt kinase and its downstream signaling components play roles in facilitating hypometabolism by suppressing energy expensive anabolic processes during torpor. However, the results in this study reveal differences between eutherian and marsupial hibernators, suggesting alternative actions of liver Akt during torpor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan E Luu
- Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Sanoji Wijenayake
- Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Shannon N Tessier
- Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Julian F Quintero-Galvis
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia, Chile
| | | | - Roberto F Nespolo
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Kenneth B Storey
- Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada.
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18
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Liu B, Zhang H, Tan X, Yang D, Lv Z, Jiang H, Lu J, Baiyun R, Zhang Z. GSPE reduces lead-induced oxidative stress by activating the Nrf2 pathway and suppressing miR153 and GSK-3β in rat kidney. Oncotarget 2017; 8:42226-42237. [PMID: 28178683 PMCID: PMC5522062 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a global environmental health hazard that leads to nephrotoxicity. However, the effective treatment of Pb-induced nephrotoxicity remains elusive. Grape seed procyanidin extract (GSPE) has beneficial properties for multiple biological functions. Therefore, the present study investigated whether GSPE reduced Pb-induced nephrotoxicity as well as the protective mechanism of GSPE in a well-established 35-day Pb induced nephrotoxicity rat model. The results showed that GSPE normalized Pb-induced oxidative stress, histological damage, inflammatory, apoptosis, and changes of miR153 and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) levels in rat kidney. Moreover, GSPE enhanced the induction of phase II detoxifying enzymes (heme oxygenase-1 and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1) by increasing nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression. This study identifies for the first time that Pb-induced oxidative stress in rat kidney is attenuated by GSPE treatment via activating Nrf2 signaling pathway and suppressing miR153 and GSK-3β. Nrf2 signaling provides a new therapeutic target for renal injury induced by Pb, and GSPE could be a potential natural agent to protect against Pb-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biying Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Haili Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xiao Tan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Daqian Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zhanjun Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Huijie Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jingjing Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ruiqi Baiyun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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19
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Mathur A, Pandey VK, Kakkar P. PHLPP: a putative cellular target during insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. J Endocrinol 2017; 233:R185-R198. [PMID: 28428363 DOI: 10.1530/joe-17-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Progressive research in the past decade converges to the impact of PHLPP in regulating the cellular metabolism through PI3K/AKT inhibition. Aberrations in PKB/AKT signaling coordinates with impaired insulin secretion and insulin resistance, identified during T2D, obesity and cardiovascular disorders which brings in the relevance of PHLPPs in the metabolic paradigm. In this review, we discuss the impact of PHLPP isoforms in insulin signaling and its associated cellular events including mitochondrial dysfunction, DNA damage, autophagy and cell death. The article highlights the plausible molecular targets that share the role during insulin-resistant states, whose understanding can be extended into treatment responses to facilitate targeted drug discovery for T2D and allied metabolic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpana Mathur
- Herbal Research LaboratoryCSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
- Babu Banarasi Das UniversityBBD City, Lucknow, India
| | - Vivek Kumar Pandey
- Herbal Research LaboratoryCSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative ResearchCSIR-IITR, Lucknow, India
| | - Poonam Kakkar
- Herbal Research LaboratoryCSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
- Babu Banarasi Das UniversityBBD City, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative ResearchCSIR-IITR, Lucknow, India
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20
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El-Ashmawy NE, Khedr EG, El-Bahrawy HA, Abd El-Fattah EE. Sorafenib effect on liver neoplastic changes in rats: more than a kinase inhibitor. Clin Exp Med 2016; 17:185-191. [PMID: 27085325 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-016-0416-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Although sorafenib was approved as antiangiogenic agent in case of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the pathways mediating its antitumorigenic effects were not fully examined in vivo. This study was conducted to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the antineoplastic effect of sorafenib in livers of rats exposed to the hepatocarcinogen diethyl nitrosamine (DENA) regarding oxidative stress, proliferation, and apoptotic pathways. Male albino rats were divided into three groups: normal control, DENA group, and sorafenib group. Sorafenib (10 mg/kg) was given daily to rats orally for 2 weeks, started 6 weeks after DENA (200 mg/kg, single i.p. dose). The histopathological results proved that sorafenib corrected neoplastic changes in the liver as evidenced by a decrease in size of hepatocellular foci. The liver index, glutathione, as well as Bcl-2 were significantly decreased in sorafenib group compared with DENA group. Sorafenib also exhibited antiproliferative effect through suppression of gene expression of cyclin D1 and β-catenin. Thus, the apoptotic and proliferative pathways in HCC could be interrupted by sorafenib, supporting the role of sorafenib as antineoplastic agent and nominating it as a candidate drug for other neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahla E El-Ashmawy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Eman G Khedr
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Hoda A El-Bahrawy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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