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Trentini A, Hanau S, Manfrinato MC, Cacciari B. Chemical and biological versatility of pyrazolo[3,4- d]pyrimidines: one scaffold, multiple modes of action. Future Med Chem 2023; 15:2143-2148. [PMID: 37933597 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Plain language summary Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines are chemical compounds possessing remarkable versatility and significance in both biological and chemical contexts. These compounds are composed of specific arrangements of atoms, forming a unique ring structure, which is able to form bonds in a similar way as purines do. In the realm of chemistry, pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines showcase impressive flexibility due to their ability to easily react with various molecules, opening avenues for the creation of novel compounds with diverse properties for potential applications in medicinal chemistry. In a biological context, pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines play a crucial role due to their interaction with proteins such as enzymes. In fact, these compounds can impact various biological processes, including cancer cell proliferation, oxidative stress and inflammation. This has led to investigations into their potential as therapeutic agents: by designing pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines with specific biological targets in mind, new drugs can be developed for the effective treatment of a range of medical conditions. Finally, novel administration tools (e.g., nanomaterials and functionalized liposomes) are being studied as effective ways to overcome the main unwanted characteristics of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines (scarce solubility and off-target side effects), thereby increasing their efficacy and specificity toward cell targets. In conclusion, pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines are fascinating molecules with a dual role in chemistry and biology. Their adaptability in chemical reactions makes them valuable building blocks for designing new compounds with diverse applications. Additionally, their interaction with biological molecules holds promise for the development of innovative medicines. Ongoing research into the properties and behaviors of these compounds could lead to significant advancements in both scientific fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Trentini
- Department of Environmental & Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
| | - Stefania Hanau
- Department of Neuroscience & Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Manfrinato
- Department of Neuroscience & Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
| | - Barbara Cacciari
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical & Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
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2
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Bolf EL, Beadnell TC, Rose MM, D’Alessandro A, Nemkov T, Hansen KC, Schweppe RE. Dasatinib and Trametinib Promote Anti-Tumor Metabolic Activity. Cells 2023; 12:1374. [PMID: 37408209 PMCID: PMC10216321 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine neoplasm, and despite its overall high survival rate, patients with metastatic disease or tumors that resist radioactive iodine experience a significantly worse prognosis. Helping these patients requires a better understanding of how therapeutics alter cellular function. Here, we describe the change in metabolite profiles after treating thyroid cancer cells with the kinase inhibitors dasatinib and trametinib. We reveal alterations to glycolysis, the TCA cycle, and amino acid levels. We also highlight how these drugs promote short-term accumulation of the tumor-suppressive metabolite 2-oxoglutarate, and demonstrate that it reduces the viability of thyroid cancer cells in vitro. These results show that kinase inhibition profoundly alters the metabolome of cancer cells and highlight the need to better understand how therapeutics reprogram metabolic processes, and ultimately, cancer cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric L. Bolf
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Mail Stop 8106, Aurora, CO 80045, USA (T.C.B.); (M.M.R.)
| | - Thomas C. Beadnell
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Mail Stop 8106, Aurora, CO 80045, USA (T.C.B.); (M.M.R.)
| | - Madison M. Rose
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Mail Stop 8106, Aurora, CO 80045, USA (T.C.B.); (M.M.R.)
| | - Angelo D’Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (A.D.); (T.N.); (K.C.H.)
| | - Travis Nemkov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (A.D.); (T.N.); (K.C.H.)
| | - Kirk C. Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (A.D.); (T.N.); (K.C.H.)
| | - Rebecca E. Schweppe
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Mail Stop 8106, Aurora, CO 80045, USA (T.C.B.); (M.M.R.)
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3
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Poh AR, Ernst M. Functional roles of SRC signaling in pancreatic cancer: Recent insights provide novel therapeutic opportunities. Oncogene 2023:10.1038/s41388-023-02701-x. [PMID: 37120696 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02701-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive malignant disease with a 5-year survival rate of <10%. Aberrant activation or elevated expression of the tyrosine kinase c-SRC (SRC) is frequently observed in PDAC and is associated with a poor prognosis. Preclinical studies have revealed a multifaceted role for SRC activation in PDAC, including promoting chronic inflammation, tumor cell proliferation and survival, cancer cell stemness, desmoplasia, hypoxia, angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance. Strategies to inhibit SRC signaling include suppressing its catalytic activity, inhibiting protein stability, or by interfering with signaling components of the SRC signaling pathway including suppressing protein interactions of SRC. In this review, we discuss the molecular and immunological mechanisms by which aberrant SRC activity promotes PDAC tumorigenesis. We also provide a comprehensive update of SRC inhibitors in the clinic, and discuss the clinical challenges associated with targeting SRC in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh R Poh
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Melbourne, VIC, 3084, Australia.
| | - Matthias Ernst
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Melbourne, VIC, 3084, Australia.
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4
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Stacpoole PW, McCall CE. The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex: Life's essential, vulnerable and druggable energy homeostat. Mitochondrion 2023; 70:59-102. [PMID: 36863425 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2023.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Found in all organisms, pyruvate dehydrogenase complexes (PDC) are the keystones of prokaryotic and eukaryotic energy metabolism. In eukaryotic organisms these multi-component megacomplexes provide a crucial mechanistic link between cytoplasmic glycolysis and the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. As a consequence, PDCs also influence the metabolism of branched chain amino acids, lipids and, ultimately, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). PDC activity is an essential determinant of the metabolic and bioenergetic flexibility of metazoan organisms in adapting to changes in development, nutrient availability and various stresses that challenge maintenance of homeostasis. This canonical role of the PDC has been extensively probed over the past decades by multidisciplinary investigations into its causal association with diverse physiological and pathological conditions, the latter making the PDC an increasingly viable therapeutic target. Here we review the biology of the remarkable PDC and its emerging importance in the pathobiology and treatment of diverse congenital and acquired disorders of metabolic integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter W Stacpoole
- Department of Medicine (Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States.
| | - Charles E McCall
- Department of Internal Medicine and Translational Sciences, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
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5
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Conage-Pough JE, Stopka SA, Oh JH, Mladek AC, Burgenske DM, Regan MS, Baquer G, Decker PA, Carlson BL, Bakken KK, Zhang J, Liu L, Sun C, Mu Z, Zhong W, Tran NL, Elmquist WF, Agar NYR, Sarkaria JN, White FM. WSD-0922, a novel brain-penetrant inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor, promotes survival in glioblastoma mouse models. Neurooncol Adv 2023; 5:vdad066. [PMID: 37324218 PMCID: PMC10263119 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdad066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a frequent oncogenic driver in glioblastoma (GBM), efforts to therapeutically target this protein have been largely unsuccessful. The present preclinical study evaluated the novel EGFR inhibitor WSD-0922. Methods We employed flank and orthotopic patient-derived xenograft models to characterize WSD-0922 and compare its efficacy to erlotinib, a potent EGFR inhibitor that failed to provide benefit for GBM patients. We performed long-term survival studies and collected short-term tumor, plasma, and whole-brain samples from mice treated with each drug. We utilized mass spectrometry to measure drug concentrations and spatial distribution and to assess the impact of each drug on receptor activity and cellular signaling networks. Results WSD-0922 inhibited EGFR signaling as effectively as erlotinib in in vitro and in vivo models. While WSD-0922 was more CNS penetrant than erlotinib in terms of total concentration, comparable concentrations of both drugs were measured at the tumor site in orthotopic models, and the concentration of free WSD-0922 in the brain was significantly less than the concentration of free erlotinib. WSD-0922 treatment provided a clear survival advantage compared to erlotinib in the GBM39 model, with marked suppression of tumor growth and most mice surviving until the end of the study. WSD-0922 treatment preferentially inhibited phosphorylation of several proteins, including those associated with EGFR inhibitor resistance and cell metabolism. Conclusions WSD-0922 is a highly potent inhibitor of EGFR in GBM, and warrants further evaluation in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ju-Hee Oh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ann C Mladek
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Michael S Regan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gerard Baquer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paul A Decker
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Brett L Carlson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Katrina K Bakken
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Lily Liu
- Wayshine Biopharm, Corona, California, USA
| | - Claire Sun
- Wayshine Biopharm, Corona, California, USA
| | - Zhihua Mu
- Wayshine Biopharm, Corona, California, USA
| | - Wei Zhong
- Wayshine Biopharm, Corona, California, USA
| | - Nhan L Tran
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - William F Elmquist
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Nathalie Y R Agar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts ¸ USA
| | - Jann N Sarkaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Forest M White
- Corresponding Author: Forest M. White, 500 Main Street, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA ()
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Koc EC, Hunter CA, Koc H. Phosphorylation of mammalian mitochondrial EF-Tu by Fyn and c-Src kinases. Cell Signal 2023; 101:110524. [PMID: 36379377 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Src Family Kinases (SFKs) are tyrosine kinases known to regulate glucose and fatty acid metabolism as well as oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in mammalian mitochondria. We and others discovered the association of the SFK kinases Fyn and c-Src with mitochondrial translation components. This translational system is responsible for the synthesis of 13 mitochondrial (mt)-encoded subunits of the OXPHOS complexes and is, thus, essential for energy generation. Mitochondrial ribosomal proteins and various translation elongation factors including Tu (EF-Tumt) have been identified as possible Fyn and c-Src kinase targets. However, the phosphorylation of specific residues in EF-Tumt by these kinases and their roles in the regulation of protein synthesis are yet to be explored. In this study, we report the association of EF-Tumt with cSrc kinase and mapping of phosphorylated Tyr (pTyr) residues by these kinases. We determined that a specific Tyr residue in EF-Tumt at position 266 (EF-Tumt-Y266), located in a highly conserved c-Src consensus motif is one of the major phosphorylation sites. The potential role of EF-Tumt-Y266 phosphorylation in regulation of mitochondrial translation investigated by site-directed mutagenesis. Its phosphomimetic to Glu residue (EF-Tumt-E266) inhibited ternary complex (EF-Tumt•GTP•aatRNA) formation and translation in vitro. Our findings along with data mining analysis of the c-Src knock out (KO) mice proteome suggest that the SFKs have possible roles for regulation of mitochondrial protein synthesis and oxidative energy metabolism in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine C Koc
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, United States of America.
| | - Caroline A Hunter
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, United States of America
| | - Hasan Koc
- Department of Pharmacological Science, School of Pharmacy, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, United States of America.
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7
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Wu WS, Chen RF, Cheng CC, Wei JL, Lin CF, You RI, Chen YC, Lee MC, Chen YC. Suppressing of Src-Hic-5-JNK-AKT Signaling Reduced GAPDH Expression for Preventing the Progression of HuCCT1 Cholangiocarcinoma. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122698. [PMID: 36559193 PMCID: PMC9784408 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a malignant neoplasm of the bile ducts, being the second most common type of cancer in the liver, and most patients are diagnosed at a late stage with poor prognosis. Targeted therapy aiming at receptors tyrosine kinases (RTKs) such as c-Met or EGFR have been developed but with unsatisfactory outcomes. In our recent report, we found several oncogenic molecules downstream of RTKs, including hydrogen peroxide clone-5 (Hic-5), Src, AKT and JNK, were elevated in tissues of a significant portion of metastatic CCAs. By inhibitor studies and a knockdown approach, these molecules were found to be within the same signal cascade responsible for the migration of HuCCT1 cells, a conventionally used CCA cell line. Herein, we also found Src inhibitor dasatinib and Hic-5 siRNA corporately suppressed HuCCT1 cell invasion. Moreover, dasatinib inhibited the progression of the HuCCT1 tumor on SCID mice skin coupled with decreasing the expression of Hic-5 and EGFR and the activities of Src, AKT and JNK. In addition, we found a glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and several cytoskeletal molecules such as tubulin and cofilin were dramatically decreased after a long-term treatment of the HuCCT1 tumor with a high dose of dasatinib. Specifically, GAPDH was shown to be a downstream effector of the Hic-5/Src/AKT cascade involved in HuCCT1 cell migration. On the other hand, TFK1, another CCA cell line without Hic-5 expression, exhibited very low motility, whereas an ectopic Hic-5 expression enhanced the activation of Src and AKT and marginally increased TFK1 migration. In the future, it is tempting to investigate whether cotargeting Src, Hic-5 and/or GAPDH is efficient for preventing CCA progression in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Sheng Wu
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Rui-Fang Chen
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Chu Cheng
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Ling Wei
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Fang Lin
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Ren-In You
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chang Chen
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Che Lee
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Cheng Chen
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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8
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Src: coordinating metabolism in cancer. Oncogene 2022; 41:4917-4928. [PMID: 36217026 PMCID: PMC9630107 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02487-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Metabolism must be tightly regulated to fulfil the dynamic requirements of cancer cells during proliferation, migration, stemness and differentiation. Src is a node of several signals involved in many of these biological processes, and it is also an important regulator of cell metabolism. Glucose uptake, glycolysis, the pentose-phosphate pathway and oxidative phosphorylation are among the metabolic pathways that can be regulated by Src. Therefore, this oncoprotein is in an excellent position to coordinate and finely tune cell metabolism to fuel the different cancer cell activities. Here, we provide an up-to-date summary of recent progress made in determining the role of Src in glucose metabolism as well as the link of this role with cancer cell metabolic plasticity and tumour progression. We also discuss the opportunities and challenges facing this field. ![]()
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9
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ERN1 dependent impact of glutamine and glucose deprivations on the pyruvate dehydrogenase genes expression in glioma cells. Endocr Regul 2022; 56:254-264. [DOI: 10.2478/enr-2022-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase genes such as PDHA1, PDHB, DLAT, DLD, and PDHX in U87 glioma cells in response to glutamine and glucose deprivations in control glioma cells and endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 1 (ERN1) knockdown cells, the major endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signaling pathway, to find out whether there exists a possible dependence of these important regulatory genes expression on both glutamine and glucose supply as well as ERN1 signaling.
Methods. The expression level of PDHA1, PDHB, DLAT, DLD, and PDHX genes was studied by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction in control U87 glioma cells (transfected by empty vector) and cells with inhibition of ERN1(transfected by dnERN1) after cells exposure to glucose and glutamine deprivations.
Results. The data showed that the expression level of PDHA1, PDHB, DLAT, and DLD genes was down-regulated (more profound in PDHB gene) in control glioma cells treated with glutamine deprivation. At the same time, ERN1 knockdown modified the impact of glutamine deprivation on the expression level of all these genes in glioma cells: suppressed the sensitivity of PDHB and DLD genes expression and removed the impact of glutamine deprivation on the expression of PDHA1 and DLAT genes. Glucose deprivation did not significantly change the expression level of all studied genes in control glioma cells, but ERN1 knockdown is suppressed the impact of glucose deprivation on PDHX and DLD genes expression and significantly enhanced the expression of PDHA1 and PDHB genes. No significant changes were observed in the sensitivity of PDHX gene expression to glutamine deprivation neither in control nor ERN1 knock-down glioma cells. The knock-down of ERN1 removed the sensitivity of DLAT gene expression to glucose deprivation.
Conclusion. The results of this investigation demonstrate that the exposure of control U87 glioma cells under glutamine deprivation significantly affected the expression of PDHA1, PDHB, DLAT, and DLD genes in a gene specific manner and that impact of glutamine deprivation was modified by inhibition of the ER stress signaling mediated by ERN1. At the same time, glucose deprivation affected the expression of PDHA1, PDHB, PDHX, and DLD genes in ERN1 knockdown glioma cells only. Thus, the expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase genes under glutamine and glucose deprivation conditions appears to be controlled by the ER stress signaling through ERN1.
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10
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Evans KW, Yuca E, Scott SS, Zhao M, Paez Arango N, Cruz Pico CX, Saridogan T, Shariati M, Class CA, Bristow CA, Vellano CP, Zheng X, Gonzalez-Angulo AM, Su X, Tapia C, Chen K, Akcakanat A, Lim B, Tripathy D, Yap TA, Francesco MED, Draetta GF, Jones P, Heffernan TP, Marszalek JR, Meric-Bernstam F. Oxidative Phosphorylation Is a Metabolic Vulnerability in Chemotherapy-Resistant Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 2021; 81:5572-5581. [PMID: 34518211 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-3242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is an active metabolic pathway in many cancers. RNA from pretreatment biopsies from patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy demonstrated that the top canonical pathway associated with worse outcome was higher expression of OXPHOS signature. IACS-10759, a novel inhibitor of OXPHOS, stabilized growth in multiple TNBC patient-derived xenografts (PDX). On gene expression profiling, all of the sensitive models displayed a basal-like 1 TNBC subtype. Expression of mitochondrial genes was significantly higher in sensitive PDXs. An in vivo functional genomics screen to identify synthetic lethal targets in tumors treated with IACS-10759 found several potential targets, including CDK4. We validated the antitumor efficacy of the combination of palbociclib, a CDK4/6 inhibitor, and IACS-10759 in vitro and in vivo. In addition, the combination of IACS-10759 and multikinase inhibitor cabozantinib had improved antitumor efficacy. Taken together, our data suggest that OXPHOS is a metabolic vulnerability in TNBC that may be leveraged with novel therapeutics in combination regimens. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings suggest that triple-negative breast cancer is highly reliant on OXPHOS and that inhibiting OXPHOS may be a novel approach to enhance efficacy of several targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt W Evans
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Erkan Yuca
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Stephen S Scott
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Natalia Paez Arango
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Christian X Cruz Pico
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Turcin Saridogan
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Maryam Shariati
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Caleb A Class
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Christopher A Bristow
- TRACTION Platform, Therapeutics Discovery Division, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Christopher P Vellano
- TRACTION Platform, Therapeutics Discovery Division, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiaofeng Zheng
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ana Maria Gonzalez-Angulo
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiaoping Su
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Coya Tapia
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ken Chen
- The Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Argun Akcakanat
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Bora Lim
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Debu Tripathy
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Timothy A Yap
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Maria Emilia Di Francesco
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, Therapeutics Discovery Division, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Giulio F Draetta
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Philip Jones
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, Therapeutics Discovery Division, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Timothy P Heffernan
- TRACTION Platform, Therapeutics Discovery Division, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Joseph R Marszalek
- TRACTION Platform, Therapeutics Discovery Division, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Funda Meric-Bernstam
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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Zhuang L, Zhang B, Liu X, Lin L, Wang L, Hong Z, Chen J. Exosomal miR-21-5p derived from cisplatin-resistant SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells promotes glycolysis and inhibits chemosensitivity of its progenitor SKOV3 cells by targeting PDHA1. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:2140-2149. [PMID: 34288231 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is a common reason for gynecologic cancer death. Standard treatments of OC consist of surgery and chemotherapy. However, chemoresistance should be considered. Exosomal miR-21-5p has been shown to regulate the chemosensitivity of cancer cells through regulating pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 subunit alpha 1 (PDHA1). However, the role of miR-21-5p/PDHA1 in OC is unclear. The levels of miR-21-5p and PDHA1 in clinical samples and cells were investigated. Exosomes derived from SKOV3/cisplatin (SKOV3/DDP) cells (DDP-Exos) were isolated and used to treat SKOV3 cells to test DDP-Exos effects on SKOV3 cells. Extracellular acidification rate and oxygen consumption rate were tested with a Seahorse analyzer. Cell apoptosis was analyzed by a flow cytometer. PDHA1 was overexpressed and miR-21-5p was silenced in SKOV3 cells to study the underlying mechanism of miR-21-5p in OC. Quantitative real-time PCR and immunoblots were applied to measure gene expression at mRNA and protein levels. The levels of PDHA1 in DDP-resistant SKOV3 or tumor tissues were significantly decreased while the levels of miR-21-5p were remarkably upregulated. miR-21-5p in DDP-Exos was sharply increased compared to that of Exos. Data also indicated that DDP-Exos treatment suppressed the sensitivity of SKOV3 cells to DDP and promoted cell viability and glycolysis of SKOV3 cells through inhibiting PDHA1 by exosomal miR-21-5p. miR-21-5p derived from DDP-resistant SKOV3 OC cells promotes glycolysis and inhibits chemosensitivity of its progenitor SKOV3 cells by targeting PDHA1. Our data highlights the important role of miR-21-5p/PDHA1 axis in OC and sheds light on new therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangwu Zhuang
- Department of Gynecology, People's Hospital Affiliated of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Binbin Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, People's Hospital Affiliated of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaomei Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Fuzhou Second Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lan Lin
- Department of Gynecology, People's Hospital Affiliated of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lingli Wang
- Department of Gynecology, People's Hospital Affiliated of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhejing Hong
- Department of Gynecology, People's Hospital Affiliated of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Gynecology, People's Hospital Affiliated of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
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12
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Kostić A, Jovanović Stojanov S, Podolski-Renić A, Nešović M, Dragoj M, Nikolić I, Tasić G, Schenone S, Pešić M, Dinić J. Pyrazolo[3,4- d]pyrimidine Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Induce Oxidative Stress in Patient-Derived Glioblastoma Cells. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11070884. [PMID: 34209342 PMCID: PMC8301827 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11070884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) highly expresses Src tyrosine kinase involved in survival, proliferation, angiogenesis and invasiveness of tumor cells. Src activation also reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, whereas Src inhibitors are able to increase cellular ROS levels. Methods: Pro-oxidative effects of two pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives—Src tyrosine kinase inhibitors, Si306 and its prodrug pro-Si306—were investigated in human GBM cells U87 and patient-derived GBM-6. ROS production and changes in mitochondrial membrane potential were assessed by flow cytometry. The expression levels of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and 2 (SOD2) were studied by Western blot. DNA damage, cell death induction and senescence were also examined in GBM-6 cells. Results: Si306 and pro-Si306 more prominently triggered ROS production and expression of antioxidant enzymes in primary GBM cells. These effects were followed by mitochondrial membrane potential disruption, double-strand DNA breaks and senescence that eventually led to necrosis. Conclusion: Src kinase inhibitors, Si306 and pro-Si306, showed significant pro-oxidative potential in patient-derived GBM cells. This feature contributes to the already demonstrated anti-glioblastoma properties of these compounds in vitro and in vivo and encourages clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Kostić
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.K.); (S.J.S.); (A.P.-R.); (M.N.); (M.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Sofija Jovanović Stojanov
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.K.); (S.J.S.); (A.P.-R.); (M.N.); (M.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Ana Podolski-Renić
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.K.); (S.J.S.); (A.P.-R.); (M.N.); (M.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Marija Nešović
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.K.); (S.J.S.); (A.P.-R.); (M.N.); (M.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Miodrag Dragoj
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.K.); (S.J.S.); (A.P.-R.); (M.N.); (M.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Igor Nikolić
- Clinic for Neurosurgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, Pasterova 2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (I.N.); (G.T.)
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Doktora Subotića 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Goran Tasić
- Clinic for Neurosurgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, Pasterova 2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (I.N.); (G.T.)
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Doktora Subotića 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Silvia Schenone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genova, Italy;
| | - Milica Pešić
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.K.); (S.J.S.); (A.P.-R.); (M.N.); (M.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Jelena Dinić
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.K.); (S.J.S.); (A.P.-R.); (M.N.); (M.D.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +381-11-2078-406
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13
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Sun Y, Liu W, Zhao Q, Zhang R, Wang J, Pan P, Shang H, Liu C, Wang C. Down-Regulating the Expression of miRNA-21 Inhibits the Glucose Metabolism of A549/DDP Cells and Promotes Cell Death Through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/HIF-1α Pathway. Front Oncol 2021; 11:653596. [PMID: 34046349 PMCID: PMC8144645 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.653596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
miRNA-21 is a single-stranded non-coding RNA that is highly expressed in a variety of tumor cells. It participates in tumor cell proliferation, metabolism, metastasis, and drug resistance. Here, we tested the potential mechanism of miRNA-21 in cisplatin-resistant non-small cell lung cancer A549/DDP (human lung adenocarcinoma drug-resistant cell line) cells. A549 and A549/DDP RNAs were sequenced to show that miRNA-21 was highly expressed in the latter, and this was verified by qRT-PCR. In addition, we found that miRNA-21 combined with cisplatin can significantly inhibit glycolysis and glycolysis rate-limiting enzyme protein expression in A549/DDP cells. We also found that miRNA-21 combined with cisplatin can promote A549/DDP cell death. Further investigations showed that miRNA-21 combined with cisplatin caused excessive inactivation of the pI3K/AKT/mTOR/HIF-1α signaling pathway in cisplatin-resistant A549/DDP cells. Hence, reduction of the expression of miRNA-21 in combination with cisplatin chemotherapy may effectively improve the therapeutic effect on patients with non-small cell lung cancer, and this may provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Sun
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medical, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Microecology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- Teaching and Experimental Center, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiuyu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | | | - Jianbo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Pengyu Pan
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medical, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Hai Shang
- Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Chunying Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medical, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medical, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
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14
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Marcucci F, Rumio C. Glycolysis-induced drug resistance in tumors-A response to danger signals? Neoplasia 2021; 23:234-245. [PMID: 33418276 PMCID: PMC7804361 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2020.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells often switch from mitochondrial oxidative metabolism to glycolytic metabolism even under aerobic conditions. Tumor cell glycolysis is accompanied by several nonenzymatic activities among which induction of drug resistance has important therapeutic implications. In this article, we review the main aspects of glycolysis-induced drug resistance. We discuss the classes of antitumor drugs that are affected and the components of the glycolytic pathway (transporters, enzymes, metabolites) that are involved in the induction of drug resistance. Glycolysis-associated drug resistance occurs in response to stimuli, either cell-autonomous (e.g., oncoproteins) or deriving from the tumor microenvironment (e.g., hypoxia or pseudohypoxia, mechanical cues, etc.). Several mechanisms mediate the induction of drug resistance in response to glycolytic metabolism: inhibition of apoptosis, induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, induction of autophagy, inhibition of drug influx and increase of drug efflux. We suggest that drug resistance in response to glycolysis comes into play in presence of qualitative (e.g., expression of embryonic enzyme isoforms, post-translational enzyme modifications) or quantitative (e.g., overexpression of enzymes or overproduction of metabolites) alterations of glycolytic metabolism. We also discern similarities between changes occurring in tumor cells in response to stimuli inducing glycolysis-associated drug resistance and those occurring in cells of the innate immune system in response to danger signals and that have been referred to as danger-associated metabolic modifications. Eventually, we briefly address that also mitochondrial oxidative metabolism may induce drug resistance and discuss the therapeutic implications deriving from the fact that the main energy-generating metabolic pathways may be both at the origin of antitumor drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Marcucci
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Cristiano Rumio
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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15
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Guedouari H, Ould Amer Y, Pichaud N, Hebert-Chatelain E. Characterization of the interactome of c-Src within the mitochondrial matrix by proximity-dependent biotin identification. Mitochondrion 2021; 57:257-269. [PMID: 33412331 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
C-Src kinase is localized in several subcellular compartments, including mitochondria where it is involved in the regulation of organelle functions and overall metabolism. Surprisingly, the characterization of the intramitochondrial Src interactome has never been fully determined. Using in vitro proximity-dependent biotin identification (BioID) coupled to mass spectrometry, we identified 51 candidate proteins that may interact directly or indirectly with c-Src within the mitochondrial matrix. Pathway analysis suggests that these proteins are involved in a large array of mitochondrial functions such as protein folding and import, mitochondrial organization and transport, oxidative phosphorylation, tricarboxylic acid cycle and metabolism of amino and fatty acids. Among these proteins, we identified 24 tyrosine phosphorylation sites in 17 mitochondrial proteins (AKAP1, VDAC1, VDAC2, VDAC3, LonP1, Hsp90, SLP2, PHB2, MIC60, UBA1, EF-Tu, LRPPRC, ACO2, OAT, ACAT1, ETFβ and ATP5β) as potential substrates for intramitochondrial Src using in silico prediction of tyrosine phospho-sites. Interaction of c-Src with SLP2 and ATP5β was confirmed using coimmunoprecipitation. This study suggests that the intramitochondrial Src could target several proteins and regulate different mitochondrial functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala Guedouari
- Canada Research Chair in Mitochondrial Signaling and Physiopathology, Moncton, NB, Canada; University of Moncton, Dept. of Biology, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Yasmine Ould Amer
- Canada Research Chair in Mitochondrial Signaling and Physiopathology, Moncton, NB, Canada; University of Moncton, Dept. of Biology, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Nicolas Pichaud
- University of Moncton, Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Etienne Hebert-Chatelain
- Canada Research Chair in Mitochondrial Signaling and Physiopathology, Moncton, NB, Canada; University of Moncton, Dept. of Biology, Moncton, NB, Canada.
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16
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Sousa B, Pereira J, Marques R, Grilo LF, Pereira SP, Sardão VA, Schmitt F, Oliveira PJ, Paredes J. P-cadherin induces anoikis-resistance of matrix-detached breast cancer cells by promoting pentose phosphate pathway and decreasing oxidative stress. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165964. [PMID: 32920119 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Successful metastatic spreading relies on cancer cells with stem-like properties, glycolytic metabolism and increased antioxidant protection, allowing them to escape anoikis and to survive in circulation. The expression of P-cadherin, a poor prognostic factor in breast cancer, is associated with hypoxic, glycolytic and acidosis biomarkers. In agreement, P-cadherin-enriched breast cancer cell populations presents a glycolytic and an acid-resistance phenotype. Our aim was to evaluate whether P-cadherin expression controls the glycolytic and oxidative phosphorylation fluxes of matrix-detached breast cancer cells, acting as an antioxidant and enhancing their survival in anchorage-independent conditions. By using matrix-detached breast cancer cells, we concluded that P-cadherin increases glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase expression, up-regulating the carbon flux through the pentose phosphate pathway, while inhibiting pyruvate oxidation to acetyl-coA via pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-4 (PDK-4) activation. Accordingly, P-cadherin expression conferred increased sensitivity to dichloroacetate (DCA), a PDK inhibitor. P-cadherin expression also regulates oxidative stress in matrix-detached breast cancer cells, through the control of antioxidant systems, such as catalase and superoxide dismutases (SOD)1 and 2, providing these cells with an increased resistance to doxorubicin-induced anoikis. Importantly, this association was validated in primary invasive breast carcinomas, where an enrichment of SOD2 was found in P-cadherin-overexpressing breast carcinomas. In conclusion, we propose that P-cadherin up-regulates carbon flux through the pentose phosphate pathway and decreases oxidative stress in matrix-detached breast cancer cells. These metabolic remodeling and antioxidant roles of P-cadherin can promote the survival of breast cancer cells in circulation and in metastatic sites, being a possible player in breast cancer therapeutic resistance to pro-oxidant-based interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Sousa
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Joana Pereira
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ricardo Marques
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC Biotech, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Luís F Grilo
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC Biotech, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Susana P Pereira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC Biotech, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Vilma A Sardão
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC Biotech, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal.
| | - Fernando Schmitt
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; Medical Faculty of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Paulo J Oliveira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC Biotech, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal.
| | - Joana Paredes
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; Medical Faculty of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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17
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Sedlic F, Seiwerth F, Sepac A, Sikiric S, Cindric M, Milavic M, Batelja Vuletic L, Jakopovic M, Seiwerth S. Mitochondrial ROS Induce Partial Dedifferentiation of Human Mesothelioma via Upregulation of NANOG. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9070606. [PMID: 32664372 PMCID: PMC7402173 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9070606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of pluripotency factors is a key regulator of tumor differentiation status and cancer stem cells. The purpose of this study was to examine the expression of pluripotency factors and differentiation status of human mesothelioma and the role of mitochondria in their regulation. We tested the expression of OCT4/POU5F1, NANOG, SOX2, PI3K-AKT pathway and BCL2 genes and proteins in 65 samples of human mesothelioma and 19 samples of normal mesothelium. Mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and expression of pluripotency factors were also tested in human mesothelioma cell line. Human mesothelium and mesothelioma expressed SOX2, NANOG, PI3K and AKT genes and proteins and POU5F1 gene, whereby NANOG, SOX2 and phosphorylated (activated) AKT were upregulated in mesothelioma. NANOG protein expression was elevated in less differentiated samples of human mesothelioma. The expression of genes of PI3K-AKT pathway correlated with pluripotency factor genes. Mesothelioma cells had functional, but depolarized mitochondria with large capacity to generate ROS. Mitochondrial ROS upregulated NANOG and mitoTEMPO abrogated it. In conclusion, human mesothelioma displays enhanced expression of NANOG, SOX2 and phosphorylated AKT proteins, while elevated NANOG expression correlates with poor differentiation of human mesothelioma. Mitochondria of mesothelioma cells have a large capacity to form ROS and thereby upregulate NANOG, leading to dedifferentiation of mesothelioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Sedlic
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-1-236-7293
| | - Fran Seiwerth
- Department of Respiratory Diseases Jordanovac, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (F.S.); (M.J.)
| | - Ana Sepac
- Department of Pathology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.S.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (L.B.V.); (S.S.)
| | - Suncana Sikiric
- Department of Pathology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.S.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (L.B.V.); (S.S.)
| | - Marina Cindric
- Clinical Department of Pathology and Cytology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Marija Milavic
- Department of Pathology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.S.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (L.B.V.); (S.S.)
| | - Lovorka Batelja Vuletic
- Department of Pathology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.S.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (L.B.V.); (S.S.)
- Clinical Department of Pathology and Cytology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Marko Jakopovic
- Department of Respiratory Diseases Jordanovac, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (F.S.); (M.J.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sven Seiwerth
- Department of Pathology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.S.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (L.B.V.); (S.S.)
- Clinical Department of Pathology and Cytology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
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18
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Cirotti C, Contadini C, Barilà D. SRC Kinase in Glioblastoma News from an Old Acquaintance. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061558. [PMID: 32545574 PMCID: PMC7352599 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most recalcitrant brain tumors characterized by a tumor microenvironment (TME) that strongly supports GBM growth, aggressiveness, invasiveness, and resistance to therapy. Importantly, a common feature of GBM is the aberrant activation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and of their downstream signaling cascade, including the non-receptor tyrosine kinase SRC. SRC is a central downstream intermediate of many RTKs, which triggers the phosphorylation of many substrates, therefore, promoting the regulation of a wide range of different pathways involved in cell survival, adhesion, proliferation, motility, and angiogenesis. In addition to the aforementioned pathways, SRC constitutive activity promotes and sustains inflammation and metabolic reprogramming concurring with TME development, therefore, actively sustaining tumor growth. Here, we aim to provide an updated picture of the molecular pathways that link SRC to these events in GBM. In addition, SRC targeting strategies are discussed in order to highlight strengths and weaknesses of SRC inhibitors in GBM management, focusing our attention on their potentialities in combination with conventional therapeutic approaches (i.e., temozolomide) to ameliorate therapy effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cirotti
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (C.C.)
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, IRCCS-Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Contadini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (C.C.)
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, IRCCS-Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Barilà
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (C.C.)
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, IRCCS-Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-065-0170-3168
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19
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Patel AB, Pomicter AD, Yan D, Eiring AM, Antelope O, Schumacher JA, Kelley TW, Tantravahi SK, Kovacsovics TJ, Shami PJ, O'Hare T, Deininger MW. Dasatinib overcomes stroma-based resistance to the FLT3 inhibitor quizartinib using multiple mechanisms. Leukemia 2020; 34:2981-2991. [PMID: 32409689 PMCID: PMC7606260 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-020-0858-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
FLT3-ITD mutations occur in 20–30% of AML patients and are associated with aggressive disease. Patients with relapsed FLT3-mutated disease respond well to 2nd generation FLT3 TKIs but inevitably relapse within a short timeframe. In this setting, until overt relapse occurs, the bone marrow microenvironment facilitates leukemia cell survival despite continued on-target inhibition. We demonstrate that human bone marrow derived conditioned medium (CM) protects FLT3-ITD+ AML cells from the 2nd generation FLT3 TKI quizartinib and activates STAT3 and STAT5 in leukemia cells. Extrinsic activation of STAT5 by CM is the primary mediator of leukemia cell resistance to FLT3 inhibition. Combination treatment with quizartinib and dasatinib abolishes STAT5 activation and significantly reduces the IC50 of quizartinib in FLT3-ITD+ AML cells cultured in CM. We demonstrate that CM protects FLT3-ITD+ AML cells from the inhibitory effects of quizartinib on glycolysis and that this is partially reversed by treating cells with the combination of quizartinib and dasatinib. Using a doxycycline-inducible STAT5 knockdown in the FLT3-ITD+ MOLM-13 cell line, we show that dasatinib-mediated suppression of leukemia cell glycolytic activity is STAT5-independent and provide a preclinical rationale for combination treatment with quizartinib and dasatinib in FLT3-ITD+ AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami B Patel
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Dongqing Yan
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Anna M Eiring
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Orlando Antelope
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Todd W Kelley
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Srinivas K Tantravahi
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Tibor J Kovacsovics
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Paul J Shami
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Thomas O'Hare
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Michael W Deininger
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA. .,Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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20
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Hunter CA, Koc H, Koc EC. c-Src kinase impairs the expression of mitochondrial OXPHOS complexes in liver cancer. Cell Signal 2020; 72:109651. [PMID: 32335258 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Src family kinases (SFKs) play a crucial role in the regulation of multiple cellular pathways, including mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Aberrant activities of one of the most predominant SFKs, c-Src, was identified as a fundamental cause for dysfunctional cell signaling and implicated in cancer development and metastasis, especially in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recent work in our laboratory revealed that c-Src is implicated in the regulation of mitochondrial energy metabolism in cancer. In this study, we investigated the effect of c-Src expression on mitochondrial energy metabolism by examining changes in the expression and activities of OXPHOS complexes in liver cancer biopsies and cell lines. An increased expression of c-Src was correlated with an impaired expression of nuclear- and mitochondrial-encoded subunits of OXPHOS complexes I and IV, respectively, in metastatic biopsies and cell lines. Additionally, we observed a similar association between high c-Src and reduced OXPHOS complex expression and activity in mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cell lines. Interestingly, the inhibition of c-Src kinase activity with the SFK inhibitor PP2 and c-Src siRNA stimulated the expression of complex I and IV subunits and increased their enzymatic activities in both cancer and normal cells. Evidence provided in this study reveals that c-Src impairs the expression and function of mitochondrial OXPHOS complexes, resulting in a significant defect in mitochondrial energy metabolism, which can be a contributing factor to the development and progression of liver cancer. Furthermore, our findings strongly suggest that SFK inhibitors should be used in the treatment of HCC and other cancers with aberrant c-Src kinase activity to improve mitochondrial energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A Hunter
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, United States
| | - Hasan Koc
- Department of Pharmacological Science and Research, School of Pharmacy, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, United States.
| | - Emine C Koc
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, United States.
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21
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Abstract
The Warburg effect is prevalent in human cancer. Accordingly, most cancer cells display highly elevated glycolysis without proportionally increasing pyruvate oxidation. The metastatic process imposes strong selective pressure on cancer cells, and metastasizing cancer cells experience heightened oxidative stress. By constraining mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, the Warburg effect helps cancer cells to minimize oxidative stress, thereby facilitating metastatic dissemination. The PGC1α transcriptional coactivator is a central coordinator of oxidative metabolism. While promoting oxidative metabolism and reversing the Warburg effect, PGC1α critically activates antioxidant genes and protects cells against oxidative damage. Therefore, depending on the context, PGC1α may promote or suppress tumor metastasis. Cancer cells generally retain metabolic flexibility and can resist antiglycolysis treatment by undergoing metabolic reprogramming. Synthetic lethal combination therapies are thus essential to attack the liabilities of the Warburg metabolism for therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianrong Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UF Health Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610-3633, USA.
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22
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Faria AVS, Clerici SP, de Souza Oliveira PF, Queiroz KCS, Peppelenbosch MP, Ferreira-Halder CV. LMWPTP modulates the antioxidant response and autophagy process in human chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 466:83-89. [PMID: 32016696 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03690-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, several reports highlight the importance of the low molecular weight protein tyrosine phosphatase (LMWPTP) in cancer aggressiveness and resistance. Specifically, in chronic myeloid leukemia, we have reported that high expression of the LMWPTP maintains Src and Bcr-Abl kinases in an activated status and the glucose metabolism is directed to lactate production and, in turn, favor the pentoses pathway (one of the key process for antioxidant and protective responses). In this present study, we investigated the possible correlation between the LMWPTP and autophagy. In resistant chronic myeloid leukemia cells, the antioxidant response is supported by the glycolytic metabolism and antioxidant enzymes such as SOD and catalase, both favored by the LMWPTP. Therefore, when the cells were challenged by hydrogen peroxide treatment, the LMWPTP level goes down as well as SOD, and in turn, autophagy process was stimulated. The findings presented here reveal a novel aspect by which LMWPTP cooperates for the resistance of CML towards stressor stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra V S Faria
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stefano P Clerici
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Karla C S Queiroz
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Maikel P Peppelenbosch
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carmen V Ferreira-Halder
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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23
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Intramitochondrial Src kinase links mitochondrial dysfunctions and aggressiveness of breast cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:940. [PMID: 31819039 PMCID: PMC6901437 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2134-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
High levels and activity of Src kinase are common among breast cancer subtypes, and several inhibitors of the kinase are currently tested in clinical trials. Alterations in mitochondrial activity is also observed among the different types of breast cancer. Src kinase is localized in several subcellular compartments, including mitochondria where it targets several proteins to modulate the activity of the organelle. Although the subcellular localization of other oncogenes modulates the potency of known treatments, nothing is known about the specific role of intra-mitochondrial Src (mtSrc) in breast cancer. The aim of this work was to determine whether mtSrc kinase has specific impact on breast cancer cells. We first observed that activity of mtSrc is higher in breast cancer cells of the triple negative subtype. Over-expression of Src specifically targeted to mitochondria reduced mtDNA levels, mitochondrial membrane potential and cellular respiration. These alterations of mitochondrial functions led to lower cellular viability, shorter cell cycle and increased invasive capacity. Proteomic analyses revealed that mtSrc targets the mitochondrial single-stranded DNA-binding protein, a regulator of mtDNA replication. Our findings suggest that mtSrc promotes aggressiveness of breast cancer cells via phosphorylation of mitochondrial single-stranded DNA-binding protein leading to reduced mtDNA levels and mitochondrial activity. This study highlights the importance of considering the subcellular localization of Src kinase in the development of potent therapy for breast cancer.
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24
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Kobliakov VA. The Mechanisms of Regulation of Aerobic Glycolysis (Warburg Effect) by Oncoproteins in Carcinogenesis. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2019; 84:1117-1128. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297919100018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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25
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Goudarzi A. The recent insights into the function of ACAT1: A possible anti-cancer therapeutic target. Life Sci 2019; 232:116592. [PMID: 31228515 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase also known as acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase (ACAT) corresponds to two enzymes, one cytosolic (ACAT2) and one mitochondrial (ACAT1), which is thought to catalyse reversible formation of acetoacetyl-CoA from two molecules of acetyl-CoA during ketogenesis and ketolysis respectively. In addition to this activity, ACAT1 is also involved in isoleucine degradation pathway. Deficiency of ACAT1 is an inherited metabolic disorder, which results from a defect in mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase activity and is clinically characterized with patients presenting ketoacidosis. In this review I discuss the recent findings, which unexpectedly expand the known functions of ACAT1, indicating a role for ACAT1 well beyond its classical activity. Indeed ACAT1 has recently been shown to possess an acetyltransferase activity capable of specifically acetylating Pyruvate DeHydrogenase (PDH), an enzyme involved in producing acetyl-CoA. ACAT1-dependent acetylation of PDH was shown to negatively regulate this enzyme with a consequence in Warburg effect and tumor growth. Finally, the elevated ACAT1 enzyme activity in diverse human cancer cell lines was recently reported. These important novel findings on ACAT1's function and expression in cancer cell proliferation point to ACAT1 as a potential new anti-cancer target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsaneh Goudarzi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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26
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Lebelo MT, Joubert AM, Visagie MH. Warburg effect and its role in tumourigenesis. Arch Pharm Res 2019; 42:833-847. [PMID: 31473944 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-019-01185-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Glucose is a crucial molecule in energy production and produces different end products in non-tumourigenic- and tumourigenic tissue metabolism. Tumourigenic cells oxidise glucose by fermentation and generate lactate and adenosine triphosphate even in the presence of oxygen (Warburg effect). The Na+/H+-antiporter is upregulated in tumourigenic cells resulting in release of lactate- and H+ ions into the extracellular space. Accumulation of lactate- and proton ions in the extracellular space results in an acidic environment that promotes invasion and metastasis. Otto Warburg reported that tumourigenic cells have defective mitochondria that produce less energy. However, decades later it became evident that these mitochondria have adapted with alterations in mitochondrial content, structure, function and activity. Mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy regulate the formation of new mitochondria and degradation of defective mitochondria in order to combat accumulation of mutagenic mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid. Tumourigenic cells also produce increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) resulting from upregulated glycolysis leading to pathogenesis including cancer. Moderate ROS levels exert proliferative- and prosurvival signaling, while high ROS quantities induce cell death. Understanding the crosstalk between aberrant metabolism, redox regulation, mitochondrial adaptions and pH regulation provides scientific- and medical communities with new opportunities to explore cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maphuti T Lebelo
- Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Arcadia, Pretoria, 0007, South Africa
| | - Anna M Joubert
- Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Arcadia, Pretoria, 0007, South Africa
| | - Michelle H Visagie
- Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Arcadia, Pretoria, 0007, South Africa.
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27
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Inhibition of oncogenic Src induces FABP4-mediated lipolysis via PPARγ activation exerting cancer growth suppression. EBioMedicine 2019; 41:134-145. [PMID: 30755372 PMCID: PMC6442332 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background c-Src is a driver oncogene well-known for tumorigenic signaling, but little for metabolic function. Previous reports about c-Src regulation of glucose metabolism prompted us to investigate its function in other nutrient modulation, particularly in lipid metabolism. Methods Oil-red O staining, cell growth assay, and tumor volume measurement were performed to determine lipid amount and growth inhibitory effect of treatments in lung cancer cells and xenograft model. Gene expression was evaluated by immunoblotting and relative RT-PCR. Transcriptional activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) was assessed by luciferase assay. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured using ROS sensing dye. Oxygen consumption rate was evaluated by Seahorse XF Mito Stress Test. Clinical relevance of candidate proteins was examined using patient samples and public database analysis. Findings Inhibition of Src induced lipolysis and increased intracellular ROS. Src inhibition derepressed PPARγ transcriptional activity leading to induced expression of lipolytic gene fatty acid binding protein (FABP) 4 which accompanies reduced lipid droplets and decreased tumor growth. The reverse correlation of Src and FABP4 was confirmed in pair-matched lung cancer patient samples, and further analysis using public datasets revealed upregulation of lipolytic genes is associated with better prognosis of cancer patients. Interpretation This study provides an insight of how oncogenic factor Src concurrently regulates both cellular signaling pathways and metabolic plasticity to drive cancer progression. Fund National Research Foundation of Korea and Korea Health Industry Development Institute.
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28
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Golias T, Kery M, Radenkovic S, Papandreou I. Microenvironmental control of glucose metabolism in tumors by regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase. Int J Cancer 2018; 144:674-686. [PMID: 30121950 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
During malignant progression cancer cells undergo a series of changes, which promote their survival, invasiveness and metastatic process. One of them is a change in glucose metabolism. Unlike normal cells, which mostly rely on the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), many cancer types rely on glycolysis. Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) is the gatekeeper enzyme between these two pathways and is responsible for converting pyruvate to acetyl-CoA, which can then be processed further in the TCA cycle. Its activity is regulated by PDP (pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatases) and PDHK (pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases). Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase exists in 4 tissue specific isoforms (PDHK1-4), the activities of which are regulated by different factors, including hormones, hypoxia and nutrients. PDHK1 and PDHK3 are active in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment and inhibit PDC, resulting in a decrease of mitochondrial function and activation of the glycolytic pathway. High PDHK1/3 expression is associated with worse prognosis in patients, which makes them a promising target for cancer therapy. However, a better understanding of PDC's enzymatic regulation in vivo and of the mechanisms of PDHK-mediated malignant progression is necessary for the design of better PDHK inhibitors and the selection of patients most likely to benefit from such inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Golias
- Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Martin Kery
- Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Silvia Radenkovic
- Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ioanna Papandreou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
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29
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Bai X, Liu Y, Wang S, Liu C, Liu F, Su G, Peng X, Yuan C, Jiang Y, Yan B. Ultrafine particle libraries for exploring mechanisms of PM 2.5-induced toxicity in human cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 157:380-387. [PMID: 29635186 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.03.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution worldwide, especially in China and India, has caused serious health issues. Because PM2.5 particles consist of solid particles of diverse properties with payloads of inorganic, organic and biological pollutants, it is still not known what the major toxic components are and how these components induce toxicities. To explore this complex issue, we apply reductionism principle and an ultrafine particle library approach in this work. From investigation of 63 diversely functionalized ultrafine particles (FUPs) with adsorbed key pollutants, our findings indicate that 1) only certain pollutants in the payloads of PM2.5 are responsible for causing cellular oxidative stress, cell apoptosis, and cytotoxicity while the particle carriers are much less toxic; 2) pollutant-induced cellular oxidative stress and oxidative stress-triggered apoptosis are identified as one of the dominant mechanisms for PM2.5-induced cytotoxicity; 3) each specific toxic component on PM2.5 (such as As, Pb, Cr or BaP) mainly affects its specific target organ(s) and, adding together, these pollutants may cause synergistic or just additive effects. Our findings demonstrate that reductionism concept and model PM2.5 particle library approach are very effective in our endeavor to search for a better understanding of PM2.5-induced health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Bai
- Schools of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yin Liu
- Schools of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Shenqing Wang
- Schools of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Schools of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Schools of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Gaoxing Su
- Schools of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xiaowu Peng
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Chungang Yuan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China
| | - Yiguo Jiang
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Bing Yan
- Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
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30
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Overcoming the Warburg Effect: Is it the key to survival in sepsis? J Crit Care 2018; 43:197-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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31
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Liao Z, Wang X, Liang H, Yu A, ur Rehman U, Fan Q, Hu Y, Wang C, Zhou Z, Wang T. miR-1 suppresses the proliferation and promotes the apoptosis of esophageal carcinoma cells by targeting Src. Cancer Med 2017; 6:2957-2965. [PMID: 29034995 PMCID: PMC5727306 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonreceptor tyrosine kinase c-Src, also known as Src, is a potent oncogene involved in a series of biological processes including cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis; however, its expression pattern and function in esophageal cancer is poorly addressed. In this study, abnormal overexpression of Src protein was observed in esophageal cancer tissues, which fuelled the speculation that microRNA-mediated posttranscriptional regulatory mechanism might be involved. Bioinformatic analyses were applied to identify miRNAs that could potentially target Src. miR-1 was predicted and further validated as a direct repressor of Src. Moreover, we manipulated knockdown and overexpression experiment on TE-1 and TE-10 cells to demonstrate miR-1 suppressed proliferation and promoted apoptosis in esophageal cancer cells by inhibiting Src. Taken together, this study underlines a negative regulatory mechanism in which miR-1 serves as a suppressor of Src in esophageal cancer cells and may provide insights into novel therapeutic approaches for esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicong Liao
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular SurgeryNanjing Drum Tower Hospitalthe Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingJiangsu210008China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer HospitalNanjingJiangsu210009China
| | - Hongwei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyNanjing Advanced Institute of Life SciencesJiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and BiotechnologyNanjingJiangsu210093China
| | - Ao Yu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular SurgeryNanjing Drum Tower Hospitalthe Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingJiangsu210008China
| | - Uzair ur Rehman
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyNanjing Advanced Institute of Life SciencesJiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and BiotechnologyNanjingJiangsu210093China
| | - Qian Fan
- Department of LymphomaTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalNational Clinical Research Center of CancerKey Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjin300060China
| | - Yue Hu
- Nanjing Multicenter BiobankBiobank of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospitalthe Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingJiangsu210008China
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyNanjing Advanced Institute of Life SciencesJiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and BiotechnologyNanjingJiangsu210093China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyNanjing Advanced Institute of Life SciencesJiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and BiotechnologyNanjingJiangsu210093China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular SurgeryNanjing Drum Tower Hospitalthe Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingJiangsu210008China
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32
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Faria AVS, Tornatore TF, Milani R, Queiroz KCS, Sampaio IH, Fonseca EMB, Rocha-Brito KJP, Santos TO, Silveira LR, Peppelenbosch MP, Ferreira-Halder CV. Oncophosphosignaling Favors a Glycolytic Phenotype in Human Drug Resistant Leukemia. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:3846-3854. [PMID: 28387439 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In chemoresistant leukemia cells (Lucena-1), the low molecular weight protein tyrosine phosphatase (LMWPTP) is about 20-fold more active than in their susceptible counterpart (K562). We found this phosphatase ensures the activated statuses of Src and Bcr-Abl. Since, phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of proteins represent a key post-translational regulation of several enzymes, we also explored the kinome. We hereby show that LMWPTP superactivation, together with kinome reprogramming, cooperate towards glucose addiction. Resistant leukemia cells present lower levels of oxidative metabolism, in part due to downexpression of the following mitochondrial proteins: pyruvate dehydrogenase subunit alpha 1, succinate dehydrogenase, and voltage-dependent anion channel. Those cells displayed higher expression levels of glucose transporter 1 and higher production of lactate. In addition, Lucena-1 siRNA LMWPTP cells showed lower expression levels of glucose transporter 1 and lower activity of lactate dehydrogenase. On the other hand, K562 cells overexpressing LMWPTP presented higher expression/activity of both proteins. In this study, we show that LMWPTP is a pivotal mediator of metabolic reprogramming that confers survival advantages to leukemia cells against death stimuli. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 3846-3854, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra V S Faria
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Thaís F Tornatore
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Renato Milani
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Karla C S Queiroz
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Igor H Sampaio
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-862, Brazil.,Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Emanuella M B Fonseca
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-862, Brazil
| | | | - Tamira O Santos
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Leonardo R Silveira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Maikel P Peppelenbosch
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CE, The Netherlands
| | - Carmen V Ferreira-Halder
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-862, Brazil
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33
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Wang CW, Purkayastha A, Jones KT, Thaker SK, Banerjee U. In vivo genetic dissection of tumor growth and the Warburg effect. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27585295 PMCID: PMC5030086 DOI: 10.7554/elife.18126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A well-characterized metabolic landmark for aggressive cancers is the reprogramming from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis, referred to as the Warburg effect. Models mimicking this process are often incomplete due to genetic complexities of tumors and cell lines containing unmapped collaborating mutations. In order to establish a system where individual components of oncogenic signals and metabolic pathways can be readily elucidated, we induced a glycolytic tumor in the Drosophila wing imaginal disc by activating the oncogene PDGF/VEGF-receptor (Pvr). This causes activation of multiple oncogenic pathways including Ras, PI3K/Akt, Raf/ERK, Src and JNK. Together this network of genes stabilizes Hifα (Sima) that in turn, transcriptionally up-regulates many genes encoding glycolytic enzymes. Collectively, this network of genes also causes inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity resulting in diminished ox-phos levels. The high ROS produced during this process functions as a feedback signal to consolidate this metabolic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wei Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Arunima Purkayastha
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Kevin T Jones
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Shivani K Thaker
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Utpal Banerjee
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
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