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Fasano M, Pirozzi M, Miceli CC, Cocule M, Caraglia M, Boccellino M, Vitale P, De Falco V, Farese S, Zotta A, Ciardiello F, Addeo R. TGF-β Modulated Pathways in Colorectal Cancer: New Potential Therapeutic Opportunities. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7400. [PMID: 39000507 PMCID: PMC11242595 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide, with 20% of patients presenting with metastatic disease at diagnosis. TGF-β signaling plays a crucial role in various cellular processes, including growth, differentiation, apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), regulation of the extracellular matrix, angiogenesis, and immune responses. TGF-β signals through SMAD proteins, which are intracellular molecules that transmit TGF-β signals from the cell membrane to the nucleus. Alterations in the TGF-β pathway and mutations in SMAD proteins are common in metastatic CRC (mCRC), making them critical factors in CRC tumorigenesis. This review first analyzes normal TGF-β signaling and then investigates its role in CRC pathogenesis, highlighting the mechanisms through which TGF-β influences metastasis development. TGF-β promotes neoangiogenesis via VEGF overexpression, pericyte differentiation, and other mechanisms. Additionally, TGF-β affects various elements of the tumor microenvironment, including T cells, fibroblasts, and macrophages, promoting immunosuppression and metastasis. Given its strategic role in multiple processes, we explored different strategies to target TGF-β in mCRC patients, aiming to identify new therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morena Fasano
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.F.); (M.P.); (C.C.M.); (M.C.); (S.F.); (A.Z.); (F.C.)
| | - Mario Pirozzi
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.F.); (M.P.); (C.C.M.); (M.C.); (S.F.); (A.Z.); (F.C.)
| | - Chiara Carmen Miceli
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.F.); (M.P.); (C.C.M.); (M.C.); (S.F.); (A.Z.); (F.C.)
| | - Mariateresa Cocule
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.F.); (M.P.); (C.C.M.); (M.C.); (S.F.); (A.Z.); (F.C.)
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
- Laboratory of Precision and Molecular Oncology, Biogem Scarl, Institute of Genetic Research, Contrada Camporeale, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Boccellino
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Pasquale Vitale
- Oncology Operative Unit, Hospital of Frattamaggiore, ASLNA2NORD, Frattamaggiore, 80027 Naples, Italy; (P.V.); (V.D.F.); (R.A.)
| | - Vincenzo De Falco
- Oncology Operative Unit, Hospital of Frattamaggiore, ASLNA2NORD, Frattamaggiore, 80027 Naples, Italy; (P.V.); (V.D.F.); (R.A.)
| | - Stefano Farese
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.F.); (M.P.); (C.C.M.); (M.C.); (S.F.); (A.Z.); (F.C.)
| | - Alessia Zotta
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.F.); (M.P.); (C.C.M.); (M.C.); (S.F.); (A.Z.); (F.C.)
| | - Fortunato Ciardiello
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.F.); (M.P.); (C.C.M.); (M.C.); (S.F.); (A.Z.); (F.C.)
| | - Raffaele Addeo
- Oncology Operative Unit, Hospital of Frattamaggiore, ASLNA2NORD, Frattamaggiore, 80027 Naples, Italy; (P.V.); (V.D.F.); (R.A.)
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Wang Y, Chen Y, Zhao M. N6-methyladenosine modification and post-translational modification of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in colorectal cancer. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:209. [PMID: 38834851 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-01048-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Traditionally, colorectal cancer has been recognized as a disease caused by genetic mutations. However, recent studies have revealed the significant role of epigenetic alterations in the progression of colorectal cancer. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition, a critical step in cancer cell metastasis, has been found to be closely associated with the tumor microenvironment and immune factors, thereby playing a crucial role in many kinds of biological behaviors of cancers. In this review, we explored the impact of N6-methyladenosine and post-translational modifications (like methylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, glycosylation, etc.) on the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in colorectal cancer and the epigenetic regulation for the transcription factors and pathways correlated to epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Furthermore, we emphasized that the complex regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition by epigenetics can provide new strategies for overcoming drug resistance and improving treatment outcomes. This review aims to provide important scientific evidence for the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer based on epigenetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingnan Wang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Yufan Chen
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhao
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
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Ballout F, Lu H, Bhat N, Chen L, Peng D, Chen Z, Chen S, Sun X, Giordano S, Corso S, Zaika A, McDonald O, Livingstone AS, El-Rifai W. Targeting SMAD3 Improves Response to Oxaliplatin in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Models by Impeding DNA Repair. Clin Cancer Res 2024; 30:2193-2205. [PMID: 38592373 PMCID: PMC11096039 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-24-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE TGFβ signaling is implicated in the progression of most cancers, including esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Emerging evidence indicates that TGFβ signaling is a key factor in the development of resistance toward cancer therapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN In this study, we developed patient-derived organoids and patient-derived xenograft models of EAC and performed bioinformatics analysis combined with functional genetics to investigate the role of SMAD family member 3 (SMAD3) in EAC resistance to oxaliplatin. RESULTS Chemotherapy nonresponding patients showed enrichment of SMAD3 gene expression when compared with responders. In a randomized patient-derived xenograft experiment, SMAD3 inhibition in combination with oxaliplatin effectively diminished tumor burden by impeding DNA repair. SMAD3 interacted directly with protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), a key regulator of the DNA damage repair protein ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM). SMAD3 inhibition diminished ATM phosphorylation by enhancing the binding of PP2A to ATM, causing excessive levels of DNA damage. CONCLUSIONS Our results identify SMAD3 as a promising therapeutic target for future combination strategies for the treatment of patients with EAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Ballout
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA
| | - Heng Lu
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA
| | - Nadeem Bhat
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA
| | - Dunfa Peng
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA
| | - Steven Chen
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Xiaodian Sun
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Silvia Giordano
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, 10060, Torino, Italy
| | - Simona Corso
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, 10060, Torino, Italy
| | - Alexander Zaika
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami Healthcare System, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Oliver McDonald
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA
- Department of Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA
| | - Alan S. Livingstone
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA
| | - Wael El-Rifai
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami Healthcare System, Miami, Florida, USA
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Brockmueller A, Sajeev A, Koklesova L, Samuel SM, Kubatka P, Büsselberg D, Kunnumakkara AB, Shakibaei M. Resveratrol as sensitizer in colorectal cancer plasticity. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024; 43:55-85. [PMID: 37507626 PMCID: PMC11016130 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10126-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Despite tremendous medical treatment successes, colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Chemotherapy as monotherapy can lead to significant side effects and chemoresistance that can be linked to several resistance-activating biological processes, including an increase in inflammation, cellular plasticity, multidrug resistance (MDR), inhibition of the sentinel gene p53, and apoptosis. As a consequence, tumor cells can escape the effectiveness of chemotherapeutic agents. This underscores the need for cross-target therapeutic approaches that are not only pharmacologically safe but also modulate multiple potent signaling pathways and sensitize cancer cells to overcome resistance to standard drugs. In recent years, scientists have been searching for natural compounds that can be used as chemosensitizers in addition to conventional medications for the synergistic treatment of CRC. Resveratrol, a natural polyphenolic phytoalexin found in various fruits and vegetables such as peanuts, berries, and red grapes, is one of the most effective natural chemopreventive agents. Abundant in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that resveratrol, in interaction with standard drugs, is an effective chemosensitizer for CRC cells to chemotherapeutic agents and thus prevents drug resistance by modulating multiple pathways, including transcription factors, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition-plasticity, proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, cell cycle, and apoptosis. The ability of resveratrol to modify multiple subcellular pathways that may suppress cancer cell plasticity and reversal of chemoresistance are critical parameters for understanding its anti-cancer effects. In this review, we focus on the chemosensitizing properties of resveratrol in CRC and, thus, its potential importance as an additive to ongoing treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aranka Brockmueller
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 11, D-80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Anjana Sajeev
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Lenka Koklesova
- Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Kollarova 2, 03601, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Samson Mathews Samuel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar (Medbay), Education City, Qatar Foundation, 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4, 03601, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar (Medbay), Education City, Qatar Foundation, 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Mehdi Shakibaei
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 11, D-80336, Munich, Germany.
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Kurowska N, Madej M, Strzalka-Mrozik B. Thymoquinone: A Promising Therapeutic Agent for the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 46:121-139. [PMID: 38248312 PMCID: PMC10814900 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers and is responsible for approximately one million deaths each year. The current standard of care is surgical resection of the lesion and chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). However, of concern is the increasing incidence in an increasingly younger patient population and the ability of CRC cells to develop resistance to 5-FU. In this review, we discuss the effects of thymoquinone (TQ), one of the main bioactive components of Nigella sativa seeds, on CRC, with a particular focus on the use of TQ in combination therapy with other chemotherapeutic agents. TQ exhibits anti-CRC activity by inducing a proapoptotic effect and inhibiting proliferation, primarily through its effect on the regulation of signaling pathways crucial for tumor progression and oxidative stress. TQ can be used synergistically with chemotherapeutic agents to enhance their anticancer effects and to influence the expression of signaling pathways and other genes important in cancer development. These data appear to be most relevant for co-treatment with 5-FU. We believe that TQ is a suitable candidate for consideration in the chemoprevention and adjuvant therapy for CRC, but further studies, including clinical trials, are needed to confirm its safety and efficacy in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kurowska
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (N.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Marcel Madej
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (N.K.); (M.M.)
- Silesia LabMed, Centre for Research and Implementation, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Barbara Strzalka-Mrozik
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (N.K.); (M.M.)
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Singh S, Gouri V, Samant M. TGF-β in correlation with tumor progression, immunosuppression and targeted therapy in colorectal cancer. Med Oncol 2023; 40:335. [PMID: 37855975 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02204-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a complex malignancy responsible for the second-highest cancer deaths worldwide. TGF-β maintains normal cellular homeostasis by inhibiting the cell cycle and inducing apoptosis, but its elevated level is correlated with colorectal cancer progression, as TGF-β is a master regulator of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, a critical step of metastasis. Tumors, including CRC, use elevated TGF-β levels to avoid immune surveillance by modulating immune cell differentiation, proliferation, and effector function. Presently, the treatment of advanced CRC is mainly based on chemotherapy, with multiple adverse effects. Thus, there is a need to develop alternate tactics because CRC continue to be mostly resistant to the present therapeutic regimen. TGF-β blockade has emerged as a promising therapeutic target in cancer therapy. Blocking TGF-β with phytochemicals and other molecules, such as antisense oligonucleotides, monoclonal antibodies, and bifunctional traps, alone or in combination, may be a safer and more effective way to treat CRC. Furthermore, combination immunotherapy comprising TGF-β blockers and immune checkpoint inhibitors is gaining popularity because both molecules work synergistically to suppress the immune system. Here, we summarize the current understanding of TGF-β as a therapeutic target for managing CRC and its context-dependent tumor-promoting or tumor-suppressing nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeet Singh
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Soban Singh Jeena University, Almora, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Vinita Gouri
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Soban Singh Jeena University, Almora, Uttarakhand, India
- Department of Zoology, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mukesh Samant
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Soban Singh Jeena University, Almora, Uttarakhand, India.
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Wosiak A, Szmajda-Krygier D, Pietrzak J, Boncela J, Balcerczak E. Assessment of the Influence of 5-Fluorouracil on SMAD4 and TGFB1 Gene Expression, Apoptosis Induction and DNA Damage in Human Cell Lines. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10050570. [PMID: 37237640 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10050570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Suppressor of mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4 (SMAD family member 4, SMAD4) is involved in the adenoma-carcinoma pathway, leading to the development of colon cancer. The encoded protein is a key downstream signaling mediator in the TGFβ pathway. This pathway has tumor-suppressor functions, including cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. Its activation in late-stage cancer can promote tumorigenesis, including metastasis and chemoresistance. Most colorectal cancer patients receive chemotherapy based on 5-FU as an adjuvant treatment. However, the success of therapy is hampered by multidrug resistance by neoplastic cells. In colorectal cancer, resistance to 5-FU-based therapy is influenced by SMAD4 gene expression, as patients with decreased SMAD4 gene expression probably have a higher risk of developing 5-FU-induced resistance. The mechanism leading to the development of this phenomenon is not fully understood. Therefore, the present study assesses the possible influence of 5-FU on changes in the expression of the SMAD4 and TGFB1 genes. PATIENTS AND METHODS The effect of 5-FU on the expression of SMAD4 and TGFB1 in colorectal cancer cells derived from the CACO-2, SW480 and SW620 cell lines was evaluated using real-time PCR. The cytotoxicity of 5-FU on colon cancer cells was assessed by the MTT method, and its effect on the induction of cell apoptosis and the initiation of DNA damage using a flow cytometer. RESULTS Significant changes in the level of SMAD4 and TGFB1 gene expression were noted in the CACO-2, SW480 and SW620 cells treated with 5-FU at various concentrations during 24 h and 48 h exposure. The use of 5-FU at a concentration of 5 µmol/L resulted in a decrease in the expression of the SMAD4 gene in all cell lines at both exposure times, while the concentration of 100 µmol/L increased the expression of the SMAD4 gene in CACO-2 cells. The level of expression of the TGFB1 gene was higher for all cells treated with 5-FU at the highest concentrations, while the exposure time was extended to 48 h. CONCLUSION The observed in vitro changes in CACO-2 cells caused by 5-FU may be of clinical relevance when choosing the drug concentration for treating patients with colorectal cancer. It is possible that 5-FU has a stronger effect on colorectal cancer cells at the higher concentrations. Low concentrations of 5-FU may not have a therapeutic effect and may also influence drug resistance in cancer cells. Higher concentrations and prolonged exposure time may affect SMAD4 gene expression, which may increase the effectiveness of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Wosiak
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, 1 Muszynskiego, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Dagmara Szmajda-Krygier
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, 1 Muszynskiego, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jacek Pietrzak
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, 1 Muszynskiego, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Boncela
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Science, 106 Lodowa, 93-232 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Balcerczak
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, 1 Muszynskiego, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
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Gmeiner WH, Okechukwu CC. Review of 5-FU resistance mechanisms in colorectal cancer: clinical significance of attenuated on-target effects. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2023; 6:257-272. [PMID: 37457133 PMCID: PMC10344727 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2022.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of chemoresistant disease during chemotherapy with 5-Fluorouracil-based (5-FU-based) regimens is an important factor in the mortality of metastatic CRC (mCRC). The causes of 5-FU resistance are multi-factorial, and besides DNA mismatch repair deficiency (MMR-D), there are no widely accepted criteria for determining which CRC patients are not likely to be responsive to 5-FU-based therapy. Thus, there is a need to systematically understand the mechanistic basis for 5-FU treatment failure and an urgent need to develop new approaches for circumventing the major causes of 5-FU resistance. In this manuscript, we review mechanisms of 5-FU resistance with an emphasis on: (1) altered anabolic metabolism limiting the formation of the primary active metabolite Fluorodeoxyuridylate (5-Fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine-5'-O-monophosphate; FdUMP); (2) elevated expression or activity of the primary enzymatic target thymidylate synthase (TS); and (3) dysregulated programmed cell death as important causes of 5-FU resistance. Importantly, these causes of 5-FU resistance can potentially be overcome through the use of next-generation fluoropyrimidine (FP) polymers (e.g., CF10) that display reduced dependence on anabolic metabolism and more potent TS inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H. Gmeiner
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
- Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology Graduate Program, Institution, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Charles Chidi Okechukwu
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
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Hogenson TL, Xie H, Phillips WJ, Toruner MD, Li JJ, Horn IP, Kennedy DJ, Almada LL, Marks DL, Carr RM, Toruner M, Sigafoos AN, Koenig-Kappes AN, Olson RL, Tolosa EJ, Zhang C, Li H, Doles JD, Bleeker J, Barrett MT, Boyum JH, Kipp BR, Mahipal A, Hubbard JM, Scheffler Hanson TJ, Petersen GM, Dasari S, Oberg AL, Truty MJ, Graham RP, Levy MJ, Zhu M, Billadeau DD, Adjei AA, Dusetti N, Iovanna JL, Bekaii-Saab TS, Ma WW, Fernandez-Zapico ME. Culture media composition influences patient-derived organoid ability to predict therapeutic responses in gastrointestinal cancers. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e158060. [PMID: 36256477 PMCID: PMC9746806 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.158060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDA patient-derived organoid (PDO) platform may serve as a promising tool for translational cancer research. In this study, we evaluated PDO's ability to predict clinical response to gastrointestinal (GI) cancers.METHODSWe generated PDOs from primary and metastatic lesions of patients with GI cancers, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, colorectal adenocarcinoma, and cholangiocarcinoma. We compared PDO response with the observed clinical response for donor patients to the same treatments.RESULTSWe report an approximately 80% concordance rate between PDO and donor tumor response. Importantly, we found a profound influence of culture media on PDO phenotype, where we showed a significant difference in response to standard-of-care chemotherapies, distinct morphologies, and transcriptomes between media within the same PDO cultures.CONCLUSIONWhile we demonstrate a high concordance rate between donor tumor and PDO, these studies also showed the important role of culture media when using PDOs to inform treatment selection and predict response across a spectrum of GI cancers.TRIAL REGISTRATIONNot applicable.FUNDINGThe Joan F. & Richard A. Abdoo Family Fund in Colorectal Cancer Research, GI Cancer program of the Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic SPORE in Pancreatic Cancer, Center of Individualized Medicine (Mayo Clinic), Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Mayo Clinic), Incyte Pharmaceuticals and Mayo Clinic Hepatobiliary SPORE, University of Minnesota-Mayo Clinic Partnership, and the Early Therapeutic program (Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara L. Hogenson
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Hao Xie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology
| | - William J. Phillips
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Merih D. Toruner
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jenny J. Li
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology
| | - Isaac P. Horn
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Devin J. Kennedy
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Luciana L. Almada
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - David L. Marks
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ryan M. Carr
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Murat Toruner
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ashley N. Sigafoos
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Amanda N. Koenig-Kappes
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Rachel L.O. Olson
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ezequiel J. Tolosa
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Hu Li
- Department of Pharmacology, and
| | - Jason D. Doles
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jonathan Bleeker
- Sanford Research, Oncology, Sanford Health, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
| | | | | | | | - Amit Mahipal
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology
| | | | | | | | - Surendra Dasari
- Division of Computational Biology, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, and
| | - Ann L. Oberg
- Division of Computational Biology, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, and
| | - Mark J. Truty
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Rondell P. Graham
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Michael J. Levy
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mojun Zhu
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology
| | - Daniel D. Billadeau
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Alex A. Adjei
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology
| | - Nelson Dusetti
- Cancer Research Center of Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Juan L. Iovanna
- Cancer Research Center of Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | | | - Wen Wee Ma
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology
| | - Martin E. Fernandez-Zapico
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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10
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Long-term resistance to 5-fluorouracil promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition, apoptosis evasion, autophagy, and reduced proliferation rate in colon cancer cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 933:175253. [PMID: 36067803 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The drug, 5-fluorouracil (5FU) is a standard first-line treatment for colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. However, drug resistance acquisition remains an important challenge for effective clinical outcomes. Here, we established a long-term drug-resistant CRC model and explored the cellular events underlying 5FU resistance. We showed that 5FU-treated cells (HCT-116 5FUR) using a prolonged treatment protocol were significantly more resistant than parental cells. Likewise, cell viability and IC50 values were also observed to increase in HCT-116 5FUR cells when treated with increasing doses of oxaliplatin, indicating a cross-resistance mechanism to other cytotoxic agents. Moreover, HCT-116 5FUR cells exhibited metabolic and molecular changes, as evidenced by increased thymidylate synthase levels and upregulated mRNA levels of ABCB1. HCT-116 5FUR cells were able to overcome S phase arrest and evade apoptosis, as well as activate autophagy, as indicated by increased LC3B levels. Cells treated with low and high doses displayed epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) features, as observed by decreased E-cadherin and claudin-3 levels, increased vimentin protein levels, and increased SLUG, ZEB2 and TWIST1 mRNA levels. Furthermore, HCT-116 5FUR cells displayed enhanced migration and invasion capabilities. Interestingly, we found that the 5FU drug-resistance gene signature is positively associated with the mesenchymal signature in CRC samples, and that ABCB1 and ZEB2 co-expressed at high levels could predict poor outcomes in CRC patients. Overall, the 5FU long-term drug-resistance model established here induced various cellular events, and highlighted the importance of further efforts to identify promising targets involved in more than one cellular event to successfully overcome drug-resistance.
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11
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Drug Resistance in Colorectal Cancer: From Mechanism to Clinic. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122928. [PMID: 35740594 PMCID: PMC9221177 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The 5-year survival rate is 90% for patients with early CRC, 70% for patients with locally advanced CRC, and 15% for patients with metastatic CRC (mCRC). In fact, most CRC patients are at an advanced stage at the time of diagnosis. Although chemotherapy, molecularly targeted therapy and immunotherapy have significantly improved patient survival, some patients are initially insensitive to these drugs or initially sensitive but quickly become insensitive, and the emergence of such primary and secondary drug resistance is a significant clinical challenge. The most direct cause of resistance is the aberrant anti-tumor drug metabolism, transportation or target. With more in-depth research, it is found that cell death pathways, carcinogenic signals, compensation feedback loop signal pathways and tumor immune microenvironment also play essential roles in the drug resistance mechanism. Here, we assess the current major mechanisms of CRC resistance and describe potential therapeutic interventions.
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12
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Lohan-Codeço M, Barambo-Wagner ML, Nasciutti LE, Ribeiro Pinto LF, Meireles Da Costa N, Palumbo A. Molecular mechanisms associated with chemoresistance in esophageal cancer. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:116. [PMID: 35113247 PMCID: PMC11073146 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04131-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is one of the most incident and lethal tumors worldwide. Although surgical resection is an important approach in EC treatment, late diagnosis, metastasis and recurrence after surgery have led to the management of adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapies over the past few decades. In this scenario, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and cisplatin (CISP), and more recently paclitaxel (PTX) and carboplatin (CBP), have been traditionally used in EC treatment. However, chemoresistance to these agents along EC therapeutic management represents the main obstacle to successfully treat this malignancy. In this sense, despite the fact that most of chemotherapy drugs were discovered several decades ago, in many cases, including EC, they still represent the most affordable and widely employed treatment approach for these tumors. Therefore, this review summarizes the main mechanisms through which the response to the most widely chemotherapeutic agents used in EC treatment is impaired, such as drug metabolism, apoptosis resistance, cancer stem cells (CSCs), cell cycle, autophagy, energetic metabolism deregulation, tumor microenvironment and epigenetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Lohan-Codeço
- Laboratório de Interações Celulares, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Programa de Pesquisa em Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Prédio do Centro de Ciências da Saúde-Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rua César Pernetta, 1766 (LS.3.01), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Maria Luísa Barambo-Wagner
- Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular Coordenação de Pesquisa, Instituto Nacional de Câncer-INCA, Rua André Cavalcanti, 37-6ºandar-Centro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20231-050, Brazil
| | - Luiz Eurico Nasciutti
- Laboratório de Interações Celulares, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Programa de Pesquisa em Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Prédio do Centro de Ciências da Saúde-Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rua César Pernetta, 1766 (LS.3.01), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Luis Felipe Ribeiro Pinto
- Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular Coordenação de Pesquisa, Instituto Nacional de Câncer-INCA, Rua André Cavalcanti, 37-6ºandar-Centro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20231-050, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Meireles Da Costa
- Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular Coordenação de Pesquisa, Instituto Nacional de Câncer-INCA, Rua André Cavalcanti, 37-6ºandar-Centro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20231-050, Brazil.
| | - Antonio Palumbo
- Laboratório de Interações Celulares, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Programa de Pesquisa em Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Prédio do Centro de Ciências da Saúde-Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rua César Pernetta, 1766 (LS.3.01), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
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13
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Moosavy SH, Koochakkhani S, Barazesh M, Mohammadi S, Ahmadi K, Inchehsablagh BR, Kavousipour S, Eftekhar E, Mokaram P. In silico Analysis of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Associated with MicroRNA
Regulating 5-fluorouracil Resistance in Colorectal Cancer. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180818666210930161618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Due to the broad influence and reversible nature of microRNA (miRNA) on the
expression and regulation of target genes, researchers suggest that miRNAs and single nucleotide polymorphisms
(SNPs) in miRNA genes interfere with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) drug resistance in colorectal
cancer chemotherapy.
Methods:
Computational assessment and cataloging of miRNA gene polymorphisms that target mRNA
transcripts directly or indirectly through regulation of 5-FU chemoresistance in CRC were screened out
by applying various universally accessible datasets such as miRNA SNP3.0 software.
Results:
1255 SNPs in 85 miRNAs affecting 5-FU resistance (retrieved from literature) were detected.
Computational analysis showed that 167 from 1255 SNPs alter microRNA expression levels leading to
inadequate response to 5-FU resistance in CRC. Among these 167 SNPs, 39 were located in the seed
region of 25/85 miRNA and were more critical than other SNPs. Has-miR-320a-5p with 4 SNP in seed
region was miRNA with the most number of SNPs. On the other hand, it has been identified that proteoglycan
in cancer, adherents junction, ECM-receptor interaction, Hippo signaling pathway, TGF-beta signaling
cascade, biosynthesis of fatty acid, and fatty acid metabolism were the most important pathways
targeted by these 85 predicted miRNAs.
Conclusion:
Our data suggest 39 SNPs in the seed region of 25 miRNAs as catalog in miRNA genes that
control the 5-FU resistance in CRC. These data also identify the most important pathways regulated by
miRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hamid Moosavy
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Science, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Shabnaz Koochakkhani
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar
Abbas 7919915519, Iran
| | - Mahdi Barazesh
- School of Paramedical Sciences, Gerash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran
| | - Shiva Mohammadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad,
Iran
| | - Khadijeh Ahmadi
- Infection and Tropical Disease Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical
Science, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Behnaz Rahnama Inchehsablagh
- Department of Physiology and Student Research Committee, Hormozgan University of
Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Soudabeh Kavousipour
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar
Abbas 7919915519, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Eftekhar
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar
Abbas 7919915519, Iran
| | - Pooneh Mokaram
- Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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14
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Grumetti L, Lombardi R, Iannelli F, Pucci B, Avallone A, Di Gennaro E, Budillon A. Epigenetic Approaches to Overcome Fluoropyrimidines Resistance in Solid Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030695. [PMID: 35158962 PMCID: PMC8833539 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Fluoropyrimidines represent the backbone of many combination chemotherapy regimens for the treatment of solid cancers but are still associated with toxicity and mechanisms of resistance. In this review, we focused on the epigenetic modifiers histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) and on their ability to regulate specific genes and proteins involved in the fluoropyrimidine metabolism and resistance mechanisms. We presented emerging preclinical and clinical studies, highlighting the mechanisms by which HDACis can prevent/overcome the resistance and/or enhance the therapeutic efficacy of fluoropyrimidines, potentially reducing their toxicity, and ultimately improving the overall survival of cancer patients. Abstract Although fluoropyrimidines were introduced as anticancer agents over 60 years ago, they are still the backbone of many combination chemotherapy regimens for the treatment of solid cancers. Like other chemotherapeutic agents, the therapeutic efficacy of fluoropyrimidines can be affected by drug resistance and severe toxicities; thus, novel therapeutic approaches are required to potentiate their efficacy and overcome drug resistance. In the last 20 years, the deregulation of epigenetic mechanisms has been shown to contribute to cancer hallmarks. Histone modifications play an important role in directing the transcriptional machinery and therefore represent interesting druggable targets. In this review, we focused on histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) that can increase antitumor efficacy and overcome resistance to fluoropyrimidines by targeting specific genes or proteins. Our preclinical data showed a strong synergistic interaction between HDACi and fluoropyrimidines in different cancer models, but the clinical studies did not seem to confirm these observations. Most likely, the introduction of increasingly complex preclinical models, both in vitro and in vivo, cannot recapitulate human complexity; however, our analysis of clinical studies revealed that most of them were designed without a mechanistic approach and, importantly, without careful patient selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Grumetti
- Experimetnal Pharmacology Unit-Laboratory of Naples and Mercogliano (AV), Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.G.); (R.L.); (F.I.); (B.P.)
| | - Rita Lombardi
- Experimetnal Pharmacology Unit-Laboratory of Naples and Mercogliano (AV), Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.G.); (R.L.); (F.I.); (B.P.)
| | - Federica Iannelli
- Experimetnal Pharmacology Unit-Laboratory of Naples and Mercogliano (AV), Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.G.); (R.L.); (F.I.); (B.P.)
| | - Biagio Pucci
- Experimetnal Pharmacology Unit-Laboratory of Naples and Mercogliano (AV), Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.G.); (R.L.); (F.I.); (B.P.)
| | - Antonio Avallone
- Experimental Clinical Abdominal Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli IRCCS “Fondazione Pascale”, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Elena Di Gennaro
- Experimetnal Pharmacology Unit-Laboratory of Naples and Mercogliano (AV), Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.G.); (R.L.); (F.I.); (B.P.)
- Correspondence: (E.D.G.); (A.B.); Tel.: +39-081-590-3342 (E.D.G.); +39-081-590-3292 (A.B.)
| | - Alfredo Budillon
- Experimetnal Pharmacology Unit-Laboratory of Naples and Mercogliano (AV), Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.G.); (R.L.); (F.I.); (B.P.)
- Correspondence: (E.D.G.); (A.B.); Tel.: +39-081-590-3342 (E.D.G.); +39-081-590-3292 (A.B.)
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15
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De Mattia E, Canzonieri V, Polesel J, Mezzalira S, Dalle Fratte C, Dreussi E, Roncato R, Bignucolo A, Innocente R, Belluco C, Pucciarelli S, De Paoli A, Palazzari E, Toffoli G, Cecchin E. SMAD3 Host and Tumor Profiling to Identify Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer Patients at High Risk of Poor Response to Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:778781. [PMID: 35002714 PMCID: PMC8740633 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.778781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying patients at risk of poor response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) is an emerging clinical need in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). SMAD3 is a key player in the chemoradio-resistance phenotype and its expression is both constitutive and locally induced. The aim was to investigate both host (genetic polymorphisms) and tumor SMAD3 profiling to predict response to nCRT. In a group of 76 LARC patients, SMAD3 and phosphorylated-SMAD3 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in preoperative tumor tissue. In an expanded study group (n = 378), a set of SMAD3 polymorphisms (rs35874463, rs1065080, rs1061427, rs17228212, rs744910, and rs745103) was analyzed. Association with tumor regression grade (TRG) and patient prognosis (progression-free survival [PFS] and overall survival [OS]) was assessed. Patients with high tumor expression of SMAD3 had a significantly increased risk of poor response (TRG≥2) [cellularity >55% (OR:10.36, p = 0.0004), or moderate/high intensity (OR:5.20, p = 0.0038), or an H-score≥1 (OR:9.84, p = 0.0004)]. Patients carrying the variant SMAD3 rs745103-G allele had a poorer response (OR:0.48, p = 0.0093), a longer OS (HR:0.65, p = 0.0307), and a trend for longer PFS (HR:0.75, p = 0.0944). Patients who carried both high SMAD3 tumor expression and the wild-type rs745103-A allele had an extremely high risk of not achieving a complete response (OR:13.45, p = 0.0005). Host and tumor SMAD3 status might be considered to improve risk stratification of LARC patients to facilitate selection for alternative personalized neoadjuvant strategies including intensified regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena De Mattia
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Canzonieri
- Pathology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy.,Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Jerry Polesel
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Silvia Mezzalira
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Chiara Dalle Fratte
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Eva Dreussi
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Rossana Roncato
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Alessia Bignucolo
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Roberto Innocente
- Radiation Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Claudio Belluco
- Surgical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | | | - Antonino De Paoli
- Radiation Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Elisa Palazzari
- Radiation Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Toffoli
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Erika Cecchin
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
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16
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Al-Khrashi LA, Badr AM, Al-Amin MA, Mahran YF. Thymol ameliorates 5-fluorouracil-induced intestinal mucositis: Evidence of down-regulatory effect on TGF-β/MAPK pathways through NF-κB. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e22932. [PMID: 34665902 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a front-line cytotoxic therapy. However, intestinal mucositis is a well-known adverse event of 5-FU, which limits its therapeutic use. Indeed, thymol, which is a monoterpene component of the essential oil derived from thymus, has a potential anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the potential chemoprotective effect of thymol against 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis. Rats were either exposed to two doses of 5-FU (150 mg/kg, ip) and/or treated with thymol (60 or 120 mg/kg). Oxidative stress and inflammatory markers, as well as pathological changes, were assessed. 5-FU-induced severe intestinal damages as were evidenced by histopathological changes as well as oxidative and inflammatory responses. Thymol pretreatment inhibited 5-FU-induced oxidative stress by reducing lipid peroxidation and increasing intestinal levels of antioxidant systems. Moreover, inflammatory response markers, such as interleukin-6, prostaglandin E2, and COX-2 were also improved. The immunoblotting analysis also showed that thymol significantly inhibited the 5-FU-induced expression of nuclear factor-κB, tumor necrosis factor-α, and transforming growth factor β-1 (TGF-β1), in addition to the suppression of p38 and phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinases (p-JNK) mitogen-activated protein kinase proteins' expressions. Our study is the first to demonstrate the promising protective effect of thymol against 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis through inhibition of oxidative, inflammatory pathways, and suppression of TGF-β/p38/p-JNK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla A Al-Khrashi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, KSU, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amira M Badr
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, KSU, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha A Al-Amin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, KSU, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasmen F Mahran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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17
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Lv X, Xu G. Regulatory role of the transforming growth factor-β signaling pathway in the drug resistance of gastrointestinal cancers. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 13:1648-1667. [PMID: 34853641 PMCID: PMC8603464 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i11.1648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer, including esophageal, gastric, and colorectal cancer, is one of the most prevalent types of malignant carcinoma and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Despite significant advances in therapeutic strategies for GI cancers in recent decades, drug resistance with various mechanisms remains the prevailing cause of therapy failure in GI cancers. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling pathway has crucial, complex roles in many cellular functions related to drug resistance. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding the role of the TGF-β signaling pathway in the resistance of GI cancers to conventional chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and traditional medicine. Various processes, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cancer stem cell development, tumor microenvironment alteration, and microRNA biogenesis, are proposed as the main mechanisms of TGF-β-mediated drug resistance in GI cancers. Several studies have already indicated the benefit of combining antitumor drugs with agents that suppress the TGF-β signaling pathway, but this approach needs to be verified in additional clinical studies. Moreover, the identification of potential biological markers that can be used to predict the response to TGF-β signaling pathway inhibitors during anticancer treatments will have important clinical implications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqun Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Guoxiong Xu
- Research Center for Clinical Medicine, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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18
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LEF1 silencing sensitizes colorectal cancer cells to oxaliplatin, 5-FU, and irinotecan. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 143:112091. [PMID: 34474344 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer all around the world. Chemotherapy plays an essential role in the treatment of CRC while Oxaliplatin, Irinotecan, and 5 - fluorouracil (5-FU) are the most commonly used chemotherapeutic drugs. However, chemo-resistance is a major obstacle to successful therapy. It has been shown that inhibition of Wnt signaling pathway can sensitize the cells to chemotherapy. Lymphoid enhancer factor (LEF1) is a member of TCF/LEF transcription family mediating Wnt nuclear responses. The long isoform of LEF1 is highly expressed in colorectal cancer cells compared to the normal intestinal cells, in which expression of the short isoform is dominant. We found that the downregulation of long isoforms of LEF1 makes CRC cell lines more sensitive to the effect of chemotherapeutic drugs. This sensitivity is imposed by reduced proliferation, increased apoptosis, or cell cycle arrest. Our results also demonstrated that there is a balance in the expression of long, and short isoforms of LEF1. In summary, we showed the role of LEF1 in chemo-resistance of colorectal cancer cells to Oxaliplatin, Irinotecan and 5-FU.
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19
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Azwar S, Seow HF, Abdullah M, Faisal Jabar M, Mohtarrudin N. Recent Updates on Mechanisms of Resistance to 5-Fluorouracil and Reversal Strategies in Colon Cancer Treatment. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:854. [PMID: 34571731 PMCID: PMC8466833 DOI: 10.3390/biology10090854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) plus leucovorin (LV) remain as the mainstay standard adjuvant chemotherapy treatment for early stage colon cancer, and the preferred first-line option for metastatic colon cancer patients in combination with oxaliplatin in FOLFOX, or irinotecan in FOLFIRI regimens. Despite treatment success to a certain extent, the incidence of chemotherapy failure attributed to chemotherapy resistance is still reported in many patients. This resistance, which can be defined by tumor tolerance against chemotherapy, either intrinsic or acquired, is primarily driven by the dysregulation of various components in distinct pathways. In recent years, it has been established that the incidence of 5-FU resistance, akin to multidrug resistance, can be attributed to the alterations in drug transport, evasion of apoptosis, changes in the cell cycle and DNA-damage repair machinery, regulation of autophagy, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, cancer stem cell involvement, tumor microenvironment interactions, miRNA dysregulations, epigenetic alterations, as well as redox imbalances. Certain resistance mechanisms that are 5-FU-specific have also been ascertained to include the upregulation of thymidylate synthase, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, and the downregulation of thymidine phosphorylase. Indeed, the successful modulation of these mechanisms have been the game plan of numerous studies that had employed small molecule inhibitors, plant-based small molecules, and non-coding RNA regulators to effectively reverse 5-FU resistance in colon cancer cells. It is hoped that these studies would provide fundamental knowledge to further our understanding prior developing novel drugs in the near future that would synergistically work with 5-FU to potentiate its antitumor effects and improve the patient's overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamin Azwar
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (S.A.); (H.F.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Heng Fong Seow
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (S.A.); (H.F.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Maha Abdullah
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (S.A.); (H.F.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohd Faisal Jabar
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Norhafizah Mohtarrudin
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (S.A.); (H.F.S.); (M.A.)
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20
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Vaughan-Shaw PG, Grimes G, Blackmur JP, Timofeeva M, Walker M, Ooi LY, Svinti V, Donnelly K, Din FVN, Farrington SM, Dunlop MG. Oral vitamin D supplementation induces transcriptomic changes in rectal mucosa that are linked to anti-tumour effects. BMC Med 2021; 19:174. [PMID: 34340708 PMCID: PMC8330024 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-021-02044-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The risk for several common cancers is influenced by the transcriptomic landscape of the respective tissue-of-origin. Vitamin D influences in vitro gene expression and cancer cell growth. We sought to determine whether oral vitamin D induces beneficial gene expression effects in human rectal epithelium and identify biomarkers of response. METHODS Blood and rectal mucosa was sampled from 191 human subjects and mucosa gene expression (HT12) correlated with plasma vitamin D (25-OHD) to identify differentially expressed genes. Fifty subjects were then administered 3200IU/day oral vitamin D3 and matched blood/mucosa resampled after 12 weeks. Transcriptomic changes (HT12/RNAseq) after supplementation were tested against the prioritised genes for gene-set and GO-process enrichment. To identify blood biomarkers of mucosal response, we derived receiver-operator curves and C-statistic (AUC) and tested biomarker reproducibility in an independent Supplementation Trial (BEST-D). RESULTS Six hundred twenty-nine genes were associated with 25-OHD level (P < 0.01), highlighting 453 GO-term processes (FDR<0.05). In the whole intervention cohort, vitamin D supplementation enriched the prioritised mucosal gene-set (upregulated gene-set P < 1.0E-07; downregulated gene-set P < 2.6E-05) and corresponding GO terms (P = 2.90E-02), highlighting gene expression patterns consistent with anti-tumour effects. However, only 9 individual participants (18%) showed a significant response (NM gene-set enrichment P < 0.001) to supplementation. Expression changes in HIPK2 and PPP1CC expression served as blood biomarkers of mucosal transcriptomic response (AUC=0.84 [95%CI 0.66-1.00]) and replicated in BEST-D trial subjects (HIPK2 AUC=0.83 [95%CI 0.77-0.89]; PPP1CC AUC=0.91 [95%CI 0.86-0.95]). CONCLUSIONS Higher plasma 25-OHD correlates with rectal mucosa gene expression patterns consistent with anti-tumour effects, and this beneficial signature is induced by short-term vitamin D supplementation. Heterogenous gene expression responses to vitamin D may limit the ability of randomised trials to identify beneficial effects of supplementation on CRC risk. However, in the current study blood expression changes in HIPK2 and PPP1CC identify those participants with significant anti-tumour transcriptomic responses to supplementation in the rectum. These data provide compelling rationale for a trial of vitamin D and CRC prevention using easily assayed blood gene expression signatures as intermediate biomarkers of response.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Vaughan-Shaw
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - G Grimes
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J P Blackmur
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M Timofeeva
- DIAS, Danish Institute for Advanced Study, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Deanery of Molecular, Genetic & Population Health Sciences, in the College of Medicine & Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M Walker
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - L Y Ooi
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Victoria Svinti
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kevin Donnelly
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - F V N Din
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S M Farrington
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M G Dunlop
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK.
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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21
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Park J, Park JS, Huang CH, Jo A, Cook K, Wang R, Lin HY, Deun JV, Li H, Min J, Wang L, Yoon G, Carter BS, Balaj L, Choi GS, Castro CM, Weissleder R, Lee H. An integrated magneto-electrochemical device for the rapid profiling of tumour extracellular vesicles from blood plasma. Nat Biomed Eng 2021; 5:678-689. [PMID: 34183802 PMCID: PMC8437135 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-021-00752-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Assays for cancer diagnosis via the analysis of biomarkers on circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) typically have lengthy sample workups, limited throughput or insufficient sensitivity, or do not use clinically validated biomarkers. Here we report the development and performance of a 96-well assay that integrates the enrichment of EVs by antibody-coated magnetic beads and the electrochemical detection, in less than one hour of total assay time, of EV-bound proteins after enzymatic amplification. By using the assay with a combination of antibodies for clinically relevant tumour biomarkers (EGFR, EpCAM, CD24 and GPA33) of colorectal cancer (CRC), we classified plasma samples from 102 patients with CRC and 40 non-CRC controls with accuracies of more than 96%, prospectively assessed a cohort of 90 patients, for whom the burden of tumour EVs was predictive of five-year disease-free survival, and longitudinally analysed plasma from 11 patients, for whom the EV burden declined after surgery and increased on relapse. Rapid assays for the detection of combinations of tumour biomarkers in plasma EVs may aid cancer detection and patient monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongmin Park
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA,Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA,Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Jun Seok Park
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA,Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA,Department of Surgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Chen-Han Huang
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA,Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA,Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Ala Jo
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA,Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Cook
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Hsing-Ying Lin
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA,Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jan Van Deun
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA,Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Huiyan Li
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA,Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jouha Min
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA,Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Lan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ghilsuk Yoon
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Bob S. Carter
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Leonora Balaj
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Gyu-Seog Choi
- Department of Surgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Cesar M. Castro
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA,Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA,Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA,Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to ;
| | - Hakho Lee
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA,Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA,Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to ;
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22
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Cerrito MG, Grassilli E. Identifying Novel Actionable Targets in Colon Cancer. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9050579. [PMID: 34065438 PMCID: PMC8160963 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the fourth cause of death from cancer worldwide, mainly due to the high incidence of drug-resistance toward classic chemotherapeutic and newly targeted drugs. In the last decade or so, the development of novel high-throughput approaches, both genome-wide and chemical, allowed the identification of novel actionable targets and the development of the relative specific inhibitors to be used either to re-sensitize drug-resistant tumors (in combination with chemotherapy) or to be synthetic lethal for tumors with specific oncogenic mutations. Finally, high-throughput screening using FDA-approved libraries of “known” drugs uncovered new therapeutic applications of drugs (used alone or in combination) that have been in the clinic for decades for treating non-cancerous diseases (re-positioning or re-purposing approach). Thus, several novel actionable targets have been identified and some of them are already being tested in clinical trials, indicating that high-throughput approaches, especially those involving drug re-positioning, may lead in a near future to significant improvement of the therapy for colon cancer patients, especially in the context of a personalized approach, i.e., in defined subgroups of patients whose tumors carry certain mutations.
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23
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Cai J, Cui Y, Yang J, Wang S. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition: When tumor cells meet myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188564. [PMID: 33974950 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous myeloid cell population characterized by protumoral functions in the tumor immune network. An increasing number of studies have focused on the biological functions of MDSCs in tumor immunity. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a cellular plasticity process accompanied by a loss of epithelial phenotypes and an acquisition of mesenchymal phenotypes. In general, tumor cells that undergo EMT are more likely to invade and metastasize. Recently, extensive evidence suggests that EMT is closely related to a highly immunosuppressive environment. This review will summarize the immunosuppressive capacities of MDSC subsets and their distinct role in tumor EMT and further discuss immunotherapy for tumor EMT by targeting MDSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingshan Cai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China; Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yudan Cui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China; Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
| | - Shengjun Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China; Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
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24
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Wang Y, Wei Q, Chen Y, Long S, Yao Y, Fu K. Identification of Hub Genes Associated With Sensitivity of 5-Fluorouracil Based Chemotherapy for Colorectal Cancer by Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:604315. [PMID: 33912443 PMCID: PMC8071956 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.604315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors. 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) has been used for the standard first-line treatment for CRC patients for several decades. Although 5-FU based chemotherapy has increased overall survival (OS) of CRC patients, the resistance of CRC to 5-FU based chemotherapy is the principal cause for treatment failure. Thus, identifying novel biomarkers to predict response to 5-FU based chemotherapy is urgently needed. In the present study, the gene expression profile of GSE3964 from the Gene Expression Omnibus database was used to explore the potential genes related to intrinsic resistance to 5-FU. A gene module containing 81 genes was found to have the highest correlation with chemotherapy response using Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA). Then a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed and ten hub genes (TGFBI, NID, LEPREL2, COL11A1, CYR61, PCOLCE, IGFBP7, COL4A2, CSPG2, and VTN) were identified using the CytoHubba plugin of Cytoscape. Seven of these hub genes showed significant differences in expression between chemotherapy-sensitive and chemotherapy-resistant samples. The prognostic value of these seven genes was evaluated using TCGA COAD (Colorectal Adenocarcinoma) data. The results showed that TGFBI was highly expressed in chemotherapy-sensitive patients, and patients with high TGFBI expression have better survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wang
- Institute of Molecular Precision Medicine and Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qunhui Wei
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuqiao Chen
- Institute of Molecular Precision Medicine and Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shichao Long
- Institute of Molecular Precision Medicine and Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuanbing Yao
- Institute of Molecular Precision Medicine and Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kai Fu
- Institute of Molecular Precision Medicine and Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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25
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Despotovic J, Dragicevic S, Nikolic A. Effects of Chemotherapy for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer on the TGF-β Signaling and Related miRNAs hsa-miR-17-5p, hsa-miR-21-5p and hsa-miR-93-5p. Cell Biochem Biophys 2021; 79:757-767. [PMID: 33826035 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-021-00980-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients are treated with standard chemotherapeutic drugs in the form of FOLFOX and FOLFIRI regimens. There are no reliable markers that could predict response to chemotherapy for mCRC. TGF-β signaling which interacts with microRNA (miRNA) network has important roles in tumor progression and chemotherapy resistance, thus the interplay between TGF-β signaling and miRNAs could be crucial for treatment response. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of chemotherapy for mCRC on TGF-β signaling and related miRNAs. Hsa-miR-17-5p, hsa-miR-21-5p and hsa-miR-93-5p were selected out of 316 miRNAs with multiple targets within the TGF-β signaling by in silico analysis. SW620 cells were treated with chemotherapeutic drugs for mCRC for 1, 3 and 6 days and expression of selected miRNAs, PAI-1, CDH1 and VIM was measured. Expression of TGF-β signaling-related hsa-miR-17-5p, hsa-miR-21-5p and hsa-miR-93-5p was time-dependently altered in SW620 cells treated with chemotherapeutics for mCRC. The expression of hsa-miR-93-5p remained downregulated after 6 days under combined treatments FOX and FIRI as well as the hsa-miR-17-5p expression under FIRI. Chemotherapy regimens for mCRC increased expression of a major TGF-β signaling target gene PAI-1, independently of the selected miRNAs expression. These treatments also increased the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers CDH1 and VIM on day 3 resulting in decrease of mesenchymal-like characteristics. However, their expression returned close to basal level on day 6. In conclusion, after initial response to chemotherapeutic drugs SW620 cells start to return close to the basal mesenchymal state while the long-term downregulated expression pattern of hsa-miR-93-5p and hsa-miR-17-5p makes them candidates worth testing as biomarkers for monitoring combined chemotherapeutic treatments therapy response in mCRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovana Despotovic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Sandra Dragicevic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Nikolic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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26
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IL15RA and SMAD3 Genetic Variants Predict Overall Survival in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients Treated with FOLFIRI Therapy: A New Paradigm. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071705. [PMID: 33916844 PMCID: PMC8038482 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary There is an increasing scientific interest in the study of the interaction between the immune system and drugs in cancer that can affect the efficacy of an anti-cancer treatment. This study was undertaken to better understand if the genetic characteristic of a cancer patient’s immune system can predict the tumor response to the treatment and the duration of survival. The topic was studied on 335 metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated with a first-line chemotherapy (FOLFIRI regimen, irinotecan-5-fluorouracil-leucovorin). The research highlighted two markers, IL15RA-rs7910212 and SMAD3-rs7179840, significantly associated with the patient’s survival. When considering IL15RA-rs7910212 and SMAD3-rs7179840 in combination with other two genetic markers previously investigated (NR1I2-rs1054190, VDR-rs7299460), we built up a highly predictive genetic score of survival. The herein identified markers must be further validated, but still represent good candidates to understand how much a patient with a metastatic colorectal cancer can benefit from a chemotherapy with FOLFIRI regimen. Abstract A new paradigm in cancer chemotherapy derives from the interaction between chemotherapeutics, including irinotecan and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and the immune system. The patient’s immune response can modulate chemotherapy effectiveness, and, on the other hand, chemotherapeutic agents can foster tumor cell immunogenicity. On these grounds, the analysis of the cancer patients’ immunogenetic characteristics and their effect on survival after chemotherapy represent a new frontier. This study aims to identify genetic determinants in the immuno-related pathways predictive of overall survival (OS) after FOLFIRI (irinotecan, 5-FU, leucovorin) therapy. Two independent cohorts comprising a total of 335 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) homogeneously treated with first-line FOLFIRI were included in the study. The prognostic effect of 192 tagging genetic polymorphisms in 34 immune-related genes was evaluated using the bead array technology. The IL15RA rs7910212-C allele was associated with worse OS in both discovery (HR: 1.57, p = 0.0327, Bootstrap p-value = 0.0280) and replication (HR: 1.71, p = 0.0411) cohorts. Conversely, SMAD3 rs7179840-C allele was associated with better OS in both discovery (HR: 0.65, p = 0.0202, Bootstrap p-value = 0.0203) and replication (HR: 0.61, p = 0.0216) cohorts. A genetic prognostic score was generated integrating IL15RA-rs7910212 and SMAD3-rs7179840 markers with inflammation-related prognostic polymorphisms we previously identified in the same study population (i.e., PXR [NR1I2]-rs1054190, VDR-rs7299460). The calculated genetic score successfully discriminated patients with different survival probabilities (p < 0.0001 log-rank test). These findings provide new insight on the prognostic value of genetic determinants, such as IL15RA and SMAD3 markers, and could offer a new decision tool to improve the clinical management of patients with mCRC receiving FOLFIRI.
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27
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Chen J, Ding ZY, Li S, Liu S, Xiao C, Li Z, Zhang BX, Chen XP, Yang X. Targeting transforming growth factor-β signaling for enhanced cancer chemotherapy. Theranostics 2021; 11:1345-1363. [PMID: 33391538 PMCID: PMC7738904 DOI: 10.7150/thno.51383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past decades, drugs targeting transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signaling have received tremendous attention for late-stage cancer treatment since TGFβ signaling has been recognized as a prime driver for tumor progression and metastasis. Nonetheless, in healthy and pre-malignant tissues, TGFβ functions as a potent tumor suppressor. Furthermore, TGFβ signaling plays a key role in normal development and homeostasis by regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, apoptosis, and immune evasion, and by suppressing tumor-associated inflammation. Therefore, targeting TGFβ signaling for cancer therapy is challenging. Recently, we and others showed that blocking TGFβ signaling increased chemotherapy efficacy, particularly for nanomedicines. In this review, we briefly introduce the TGFβ signaling pathway, and the multifaceted functions of TGFβ signaling in cancer, including regulating the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the behavior of cancer cells. We also summarize TGFβ targeting agents. Then, we highlight TGFβ inhibition strategies to restore the extracellular matrix (ECM), regulate the tumor vasculature, reverse epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and impair the stemness of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) to enhance cancer chemotherapy efficacy. Finally, the current challenges and future opportunities in targeting TGFβ signaling for cancer therapy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitang Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Ze-yang Ding
- Hepatic Surgery Center, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepatic-Biliary-Pancreatic Diseases, National Medical Center for Major Public Health Events, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Si Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Sha Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Hepatic Surgery Center, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepatic-Biliary-Pancreatic Diseases, National Medical Center for Major Public Health Events, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Xiao
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zifu Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medical, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Bi-xiang Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepatic-Biliary-Pancreatic Diseases, National Medical Center for Major Public Health Events, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-ping Chen
- Hepatic Surgery Center, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepatic-Biliary-Pancreatic Diseases, National Medical Center for Major Public Health Events, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangliang Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medical, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- GBA Research Innovation Institute for Nanotechnology, Guangdong, 510530, China
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28
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Ragusa S, Prat-Luri B, González-Loyola A, Nassiri S, Squadrito ML, Guichard A, Cavin S, Gjorevski N, Barras D, Marra G, Lutolf MP, Perentes J, Corse E, Bianchi R, Wetterwald L, Kim J, Oliver G, Delorenzi M, De Palma M, Petrova TV. Antiangiogenic immunotherapy suppresses desmoplastic and chemoresistant intestinal tumors in mice. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:1199-1216. [PMID: 32015230 DOI: 10.1172/jci129558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in APC promote colorectal cancer (CRC) progression through uncontrolled WNT signaling. Patients with desmoplastic CRC have a significantly worse prognosis and do not benefit from chemotherapy, but the mechanisms underlying the differential responses of APC-mutant CRCs to chemotherapy are not well understood. We report that expression of the transcription factor prospero homeobox 1 (PROX1) was reduced in desmoplastic APC-mutant human CRCs. In genetic Apc-mutant mouse models, loss of Prox1 promoted the growth of desmoplastic, angiogenic, and immunologically silent tumors through derepression of Mmp14. Although chemotherapy inhibited Prox1-proficient tumors, it promoted further stromal activation, angiogenesis, and invasion in Prox1-deficient tumors. Blockade of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and angiopoietin-2 (ANGPT2) combined with CD40 agonistic antibodies promoted antiangiogenic and immunostimulatory reprogramming of Prox1-deficient tumors, destroyed tumor fibrosis, and unleashed T cell-mediated killing of cancer cells. These results pinpoint the mechanistic basis of chemotherapy-induced hyperprogression and illustrate a therapeutic strategy for chemoresistant and desmoplastic CRCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Ragusa
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne and CHUV, Epalinges, Switzerland.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Borja Prat-Luri
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne and CHUV, Epalinges, Switzerland.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Alejandra González-Loyola
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne and CHUV, Epalinges, Switzerland.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Sina Nassiri
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mario Leonardo Squadrito
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alan Guichard
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Cavin
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nikolce Gjorevski
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Barras
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giancarlo Marra
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias P Lutolf
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean Perentes
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Emily Corse
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, (pRED), Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Roberta Bianchi
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, (pRED), Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Laureline Wetterwald
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne and CHUV, Epalinges, Switzerland.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Jaeryung Kim
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne and CHUV, Epalinges, Switzerland.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Guillermo Oliver
- Center for Vascular and Developmental Biology, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mauro Delorenzi
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne and CHUV, Epalinges, Switzerland.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland.,Bioinformatics Core Facility, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michele De Palma
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tatiana V Petrova
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne and CHUV, Epalinges, Switzerland.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
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29
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Costales-Carrera A, Fernández-Barral A, Bustamante-Madrid P, Domínguez O, Guerra-Pastrián L, Cantero R, del Peso L, Burgos A, Barbáchano A, Muñoz A. Comparative Study of Organoids from Patient-Derived Normal and Tumor Colon and Rectal Tissue. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082302. [PMID: 32824266 PMCID: PMC7465167 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon and rectal tumors, often referred to as colorectal cancer, show different gene expression patterns in studies that analyze whole tissue biopsies containing a mix of tumor and non-tumor cells. To better characterize colon and rectal tumors, we investigated the gene expression profile of organoids generated from endoscopic biopsies of rectal tumors and adjacent normal colon and rectum mucosa from therapy-naive rectal cancer patients. We also studied the effect of vitamin D on these organoid types. Gene profiling was performed by RNA-sequencing. Organoids from a normal colon and rectum had a shared gene expression profile that profoundly differed from that of rectal tumor organoids. We identified a group of genes of the biosynthetic machinery as rectal tumor organoid-specific, including those encoding the RNA polymerase II subunits POLR2H and POLR2J. The active vitamin D metabolite 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3/calcitriol upregulated stemness-related genes (LGR5, LRIG1, SMOC2, and MSI1) in normal rectum organoids, while it downregulated differentiation marker genes (TFF2 and MUC2). Normal colon and rectum organoids share similar gene expression patterns and respond similarly to calcitriol. Rectal tumor organoids display distinct and heterogeneous gene expression profiles, with differences with respect to those of colon tumor organoids, and respond differently to calcitriol than normal rectum organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Costales-Carrera
- Departamento de Biología del Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.-C.); (A.F.-B.); (P.B.-M.); (L.d.P.); (A.B.)
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.-P.); (R.C.)
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red-Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Asunción Fernández-Barral
- Departamento de Biología del Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.-C.); (A.F.-B.); (P.B.-M.); (L.d.P.); (A.B.)
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.-P.); (R.C.)
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red-Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Bustamante-Madrid
- Departamento de Biología del Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.-C.); (A.F.-B.); (P.B.-M.); (L.d.P.); (A.B.)
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.-P.); (R.C.)
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red-Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Orlando Domínguez
- Unidad de Genómica, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Laura Guerra-Pastrián
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.-P.); (R.C.)
- Departamento de Patología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramón Cantero
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.-P.); (R.C.)
- Unidad Colorrectal, Departamento de Cirugía, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis del Peso
- Departamento de Biología del Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.-C.); (A.F.-B.); (P.B.-M.); (L.d.P.); (A.B.)
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red-Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aurora Burgos
- Unidad de Endoscopia, Departamento de Digestivo, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Antonio Barbáchano
- Departamento de Biología del Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.-C.); (A.F.-B.); (P.B.-M.); (L.d.P.); (A.B.)
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.-P.); (R.C.)
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red-Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Muñoz
- Departamento de Biología del Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.-C.); (A.F.-B.); (P.B.-M.); (L.d.P.); (A.B.)
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.-P.); (R.C.)
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red-Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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30
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Yan Y, Lin HW, Zhuang ZN, Li M, Guo S. Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist enhances chemosensitivity to fluorouracil in treatment of Kras mutant colon cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2020; 12:877-892. [PMID: 32879665 PMCID: PMC7443842 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v12.i8.877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kras mutant colon cancer shows abnormal activation of the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathway, resulting in the proliferation of tumor cells. Treatment with fluorouracil (5-FU) might not achieve the expected inhibition of proliferation of malignant cells based on the fluorouracil-induced activation of the NF-κB pathway.
AIM To detect whether interleukin (IL)-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) could increase the chemosensitivity to 5-FU by decreasing the activation of the NF-κB pathway and reducing the proliferation of colon cancer cells.
METHODS Western blot analysis was performed to detect the persistent activation of the NF-κB pathway in colon cancer cell lines. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the IL-1RA-reduced expression levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, IL-21 and TLR4 in colon cancer cell lines. We used a xenograft nude mouse model to demonstrate the downregulation of the NF-κB pathway by blocking the NF-κB-regulated IL-1α feedforward loop, which could increase the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents in inhibiting tumor cell growth.
RESULTS IL-1 receptor antagonist could decrease the expression of IL-1α and IL-1β and downregulate the activity of the NF-κB pathway in Kras mutant colon cancer cells. Treatment with 5-FU combined with IL-1RA could increase the chemosensitivity of the SW620 cell line, and decreased expression of the TAK1/NF-κB and MEK pathways resulted in limited proliferation in the SW620 cell line.
CONCLUSION Adjuvant chemotherapy with IL-1RA and 5-FU has a stronger effect than single chemotherapeutic drugs. IL-1RA combined with fluorouracil could be a potential neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yan
- Department of Operating Room, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hong-Wei Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102200, China
| | - Zhuo-Nan Zhuang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102200, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of General Surgery, Zouping Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Zhouping 256200, Shandong Province, China
| | - Sen Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
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31
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Blondy S, David V, Verdier M, Mathonnet M, Perraud A, Christou N. 5-Fluorouracil resistance mechanisms in colorectal cancer: From classical pathways to promising processes. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:3142-3154. [PMID: 32536012 PMCID: PMC7469786 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a public health problem. It is the third most common cancer in the world, with nearly 1.8 million new cases diagnosed in 2018. The only curative treatment is surgery, especially for early tumor stages. When there is locoregional or distant invasion, chemotherapy can be introduced, in particular 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). However, the disease can become tolerant to these pharmaceutical treatments: resistance emerges, leading to early tumor recurrence. Different mechanisms can explain this 5-FU resistance. Some are disease-specific, whereas others, such as drug efflux, are evolutionarily conserved. These mechanisms are numerous and complex and can occur simultaneously in cells exposed to 5-FU. In this review, we construct a global outline of different mechanisms from disruption of 5-FU-metabolic enzymes and classic cellular processes (apoptosis, autophagy, glucose metabolism, oxidative stress, respiration, and cell cycle perturbation) to drug transporters and epithelial-mesenchymal transition induction. Particular interest is directed to tumor microenvironment function as well as epigenetic alterations and miRNA dysregulation, which are the more promising processes that will be the subject of much research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Blondy
- Faculty of Medicine, Laboratoire EA3842 CAPTuR "Control of cell activation, Tumor progression and Therapeutic resistance", Limoges cedex, France
| | - Valentin David
- Faculty of Medicine, Laboratoire EA3842 CAPTuR "Control of cell activation, Tumor progression and Therapeutic resistance", Limoges cedex, France.,Department of pharmacy, University Hospital of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Mireille Verdier
- Faculty of Medicine, Laboratoire EA3842 CAPTuR "Control of cell activation, Tumor progression and Therapeutic resistance", Limoges cedex, France
| | - Muriel Mathonnet
- Faculty of Medicine, Laboratoire EA3842 CAPTuR "Control of cell activation, Tumor progression and Therapeutic resistance", Limoges cedex, France.,Service de Chirurgie Digestive, Department of Digestive, General and Endocrine Surgery, University Hospital of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Aurélie Perraud
- Faculty of Medicine, Laboratoire EA3842 CAPTuR "Control of cell activation, Tumor progression and Therapeutic resistance", Limoges cedex, France.,Service de Chirurgie Digestive, Department of Digestive, General and Endocrine Surgery, University Hospital of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Niki Christou
- Faculty of Medicine, Laboratoire EA3842 CAPTuR "Control of cell activation, Tumor progression and Therapeutic resistance", Limoges cedex, France.,Service de Chirurgie Digestive, Department of Digestive, General and Endocrine Surgery, University Hospital of Limoges, Limoges, France
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32
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Zhao Z, Bo Z, Gong W, Guo Y. Inhibitor of Differentiation 1 (Id1) in Cancer and Cancer Therapy. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:995-1005. [PMID: 32410828 PMCID: PMC7211148 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.42805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The inhibitor of DNA binding (Id) proteins are regulators of cell cycle and cell differentiation. Of all Id family proteins, Id1 is mostly linked to tumorigenesis, cellular senescence as well as cell proliferation and survival. Id1 is a stem cell-like gene more than a classical oncogene. Id1 is overexpressed in numerous types of cancers and exerts its promotion effect to these tumors through different pathways. Briefly, Id1 was found significantly correlated with EMT-related proteins, K-Ras signaling, EGFR signaling, BMP signaling, PI3K/Akt signaling, WNT and SHH signaling, c-Myc signaling, STAT3 signaling, RK1/2 MAPK/Egr1 pathway and TGF-β pathway, etc. Id1 has potent effect on facilitating tumorous angiogenesis and metastasis. Moreover, high expression of Id1 plays a facilitating role in the development of drug resistance, including chemoresistance, radiation resistance and resistance to drugs targeting angiogenesis. However, controversial results were also obtained. Overall, Id1 represent a promising target of anti-tumor therapeutics based on its potent promotion effect to cancer. Numerous drugs were found exerting their anti-tumor function through Id1-related signaling pathways, such as fucoidan, berberine, tetramethylpyrazine, crizotinib, cannabidiol and vinblastine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxiao Zhao
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
| | - Zhiyuan Bo
- The Second Department of Biliary Tract Surgery, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Weiyi Gong
- The Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - Yong Guo
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
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33
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Lavitrano M, Ianzano L, Bonomo S, Cialdella A, Cerrito MG, Pisano F, Missaglia C, Giovannoni R, Romano G, McLean CM, Voest EE, D'Amato F, Noli B, Ferri GL, Agostini M, Pucciarelli S, Helin K, Leone BE, Canzonieri V, Grassilli E. BTK inhibitors synergise with 5-FU to treat drug-resistant TP53-null colon cancers. J Pathol 2019; 250:134-147. [PMID: 31518438 DOI: 10.1002/path.5347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth cause of death from cancer worldwide mainly due to the high incidence of drug-resistance. During a screen for new actionable targets in drug-resistant tumours we recently identified p65BTK - a novel oncogenic isoform of Bruton's tyrosine kinase. Studying three different cohorts of patients here we show that p65BTK expression correlates with histotype and cancer progression. Using drug-resistant TP53-null colon cancer cells as a model we demonstrated that p65BTK silencing or chemical inhibition overcame the 5-fluorouracil resistance of CRC cell lines and patient-derived organoids and significantly reduced the growth of xenografted tumours. Mechanistically, we show that blocking p65BTK in drug-resistant cells abolished a 5-FU-elicited TGFB1 protective response and triggered E2F-dependent apoptosis. Taken together, our data demonstrated that targeting p65BTK restores the apoptotic response to chemotherapy of drug-resistant CRCs and gives a proof-of-concept for suggesting the use of BTK inhibitors in combination with 5-FU as a novel therapeutic approach in CRC patients. © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonarda Ianzano
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Sara Bonomo
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | | | | | - Fabio Pisano
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Carola Missaglia
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Roberto Giovannoni
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Gabriele Romano
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Chelsea M McLean
- Department of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emile E Voest
- Department of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Filomena D'Amato
- NEF-Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Barbara Noli
- NEF-Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gian Luca Ferri
- NEF-Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marco Agostini
- First Surgical Clinic Section, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Department of Nanomedicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Salvatore Pucciarelli
- First Surgical Clinic Section, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Kristian Helin
- Center for Epigenetics, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Biagio E Leone
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Canzonieri
- Pathology Unit and CRO Biobank, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Emanuela Grassilli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
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34
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Zhang R, Tao F, Ruan S, Hu M, Hu Y, Fang Z, Mei L, Gong C. The TGFβ1-FOXM1-HMGA1-TGFβ1 positive feedback loop increases the cisplatin resistance of non-small cell lung cancer by inducing G6PD expression. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:6860-6876. [PMID: 31814893 PMCID: PMC6895501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Platinum-based chemotherapy is still widely applied for the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, acquired chemoresistance compromises the curative effect of this drug. In this study, we found that glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), a critical enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway, contributed to cisplatin resistance in NSCLC. The experimental results showed that transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) increased the expression of G6PD by activating the forkhead box protein M1-high mobility group AT-hook 1-G6PD (FOXM1-HMGA1-G6PD) transcriptional regulatory pathway, in which TGFβ1 inhibited the ubiquitination and degradation of FOXM1 protein. Additionally, HMGA1 induced TGFβ1 expression, and neutralized TGFβ1 in the culture medium downregulated HMGA1 levels, suggesting the existence of a TGFβ1-FOXM1-HMGA1-TGFβ1 positive feedback loop and its role in maintaining G6PD expression. Further investigations showed that exogenous TGFβ1 enhanced the cisplatin resistance of NSCLC cells, while disrupting the FOXM1-HMGA1-G6PD pathway, thereby sensitizing the cells to cisplatin. Consistently, the TGFβ1-FOXM1-HMGA1-G6PD axis was confirmed in NSCLC tissues, and overactivation of this axis predicted poor survival in NSCLC patients. Collectively, the results of this study demonstrate that the TGFβ1-FOXM1-HMGA1-TGFβ1 positive feedback loop plays a crucial role in the cisplatin resistance of NSCLC by upregulating the expression of G6PD, providing a potential therapeutic target to restore chemosensitivity in cisplatin-resistant NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongwei Zhang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Chinese and Western Combined Hospital of TaizhouWenlin 317523, China
- Department of Emergency, Chinese and Western Combined Hospital of TaizhouWenlin 317523, China
| | - Fuzheng Tao
- Department of Cardiovascular, Chinese and Western Combined Hospital of TaizhouWenlin 317523, China
| | - Shenghui Ruan
- Department of Emergency, Chinese and Western Combined Hospital of TaizhouWenlin 317523, China
| | - Miaoxian Hu
- Department of Emergency, Chinese and Western Combined Hospital of TaizhouWenlin 317523, China
| | - Yanyan Hu
- Central Laboratory, Sanmen People’s Hospital of ZhejiangSanmen 317100, China
| | - Zejun Fang
- Central Laboratory, Sanmen People’s Hospital of ZhejiangSanmen 317100, China
| | - Lingming Mei
- Department of Educations, Sanmen People’s Hospital of ZhejiangSanmen 317100, China
| | - Chaoju Gong
- Central Laboratory, The Municipal Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou 221002, China
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35
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MicroRNA-552 deficiency mediates 5-fluorouracil resistance by targeting SMAD2 signaling in DNA-mismatch-repair-deficient colorectal cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2019; 84:427-439. [PMID: 31087138 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-019-03866-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although DNA-mismatch-repair-deficient (dMMR) status and aberrant expression of miRNAs are both critically implicated in the pathogenesis of resistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in colorectal cancer (CRC), whether these two factors regulate tumor response to 5-FU in a coordinated manner remains unknown. This study is designed to elucidate whether changes in miR-552 expression levels correlate to 5-FU-based chemoresistance in CRC, and to further identify the putative targets of miR-552 using multiple approaches. METHODS miR-552 expression was assessed in 5-FU-resistant CRC tissues and cells using real-time PCR. Effects of miR-552 dysregulation on 5-FU resistance in CRC cells were determined by measuring cell viability, apoptosis and in vivo oncogenic capacity. Finally, we studied the posttranscriptional regulation of SMAD2 by miR-552 using multiple approaches including luciferase reporter assay, site-directed mutagenesis and transient/stable transfection, at molecular and functional levels. RESULTS Expression of miR-552 was significantly downregulated in 5-FU-resistant CRC tissues and cells, and this downregulation, regulated by dMMR, was associated with poor postchemotherapy prognosis. Functionally, forced expression of miR-552 exhibited a proapoptotic effect and attenuated 5-FU resistance, whereas inhibition of miR-552 expression potentiated 5-FU resistance in CRC cells. Mechanically, miR-552 directly targeted the 3'-UTR of SMAD2, and stable ablation of SMAD2 neutralized the promoting effects of miR-552 deficiency-induced 5-FU resistance. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our findings have revealed a critical role of miR-552/SMAD2 cascade in modulating cellular response to 5-FU chemotherapy. miR-552 may act as an efficient mechanistic link synchronizing dMMR and 5-FU resistance in CRC.
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Quan Q, Zhong F, Wang X, Chen K, Guo L. PAR2 Inhibition Enhanced the Sensitivity of Colorectal Cancer Cells to 5-FU and Reduced EMT Signaling. Oncol Res 2019; 27:779-788. [PMID: 30841957 PMCID: PMC7848255 DOI: 10.3727/096504018x15442985680348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the underlying mechanisms that transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-mediated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in tumor cells contributes to 5-FU resistance. A series of experiments involving cell viability and caspase activity analyses, siRNA transfection, RNA isolation, and quantitative-PCR (qPCR) assay, cell migration analysis, Western blotting analysis of total protein and membrane protein were performed in this study. Mouse xenograft model was used to determine the effect of the PAR2 inhibitor in vivo. In this study, we found that protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) induction in 5-FU therapy is correlated with TGF-β-mediated EMT and apoptosis resistance. PAR2 and TGF-β were both activated in response to 5-FU treatment in vivo and in vitro, and whereas TGF-β inhibition sensitized CRC cells to 5-FU and suppressed cell migration, PAR2 activation eliminated the effect of TGF-β inhibition. Conversely, siRNA-mediated PAR2 depletion or PAR2 inhibition with a specific inhibitor produced a similar phenotype as TGF-β signal inhibition: 5-FU sensitization and cell migration suppression. Moreover, the results of xenograft experiments indicated that the PAR2 inhibitor can enhance cell killing by 5-FU in vivo and suppress EMT signaling. Our results reveal that the TGF-β effects require the coordinating action of PAR2, suggesting that PAR2 inhibition could be a new therapeutic strategy to combat 5-FU resistance in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuying Quan
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Fengyun Zhong
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Xinwei Wang
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Lingchuan Guo
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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Soleimani A, Pashirzad M, Avan A, Ferns GA, Khazaei M, Hassanian SM. Role of the transforming growth factor-β signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:8899-8907. [PMID: 30556274 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway plays an important role in cancer cell proliferation, growth, metastasis, and apoptosis. It has been shown that TGF-β acts as a tumor suppressor in the early stages of the disease, and as a tumor promoter in its late stages. Mutations in the TGF-β signaling components, the TGF-β receptors and cytoplasmic signaling transducers, are frequently observed in colorectal carcinomas. Exploiting specific TGF-β receptor agonist and antagonist with antitumor properties may be a way of controlling cancer progression. This review summarizes the regulatory role of TGF-β signaling in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atena Soleimani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehran Pashirzad
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Division of Medical Education, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Ke J, Wu R, Chen Y, Abba ML. Inhibitor of DNA binding proteins: implications in human cancer progression and metastasis. Am J Transl Res 2018; 10:3887-3910. [PMID: 30662638 PMCID: PMC6325517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitor of DNA binding (ID) proteins are a class of helix-loop-helix (HLH) transcription regulatory factors that act as dominant-negative antagonists of other basic HLH proteins through the formation of non-functional heterodimers. These proteins have been shown to play critical roles in a wide range of tumor-associated processes, including cell differentiation, cell cycle progression, migration and invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, stemness, chemoresistance, tumorigenesis, and metastasis. The aberrant expression of ID proteins has not only been detected in many types of human cancers, but is also associated with advanced tumor stages and poor clinical outcome. In this review, we provide an overview of the key biological functions of ID proteins including affiliated signaling pathways. We also describe the regulation of ID proteins in cancer progression and metastasis, and elaborate on expression profiles in cancer and the implications for prognosis. Lastly, we outline strategies for the therapeutic targeting of ID proteins as a promising and effective approach for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ke
- Department of Liver Disease, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230022, China
- Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of HeidelbergMannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Ruolin Wu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Organ Transplantation Center, Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University218 Jixi Avenue, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
- Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of HeidelbergMannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Subei People’s HospitalYangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, China
| | - Mohammed L Abba
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of HeidelbergMannheim, Germany
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Durinikova E, Kozovska Z, Poturnajova M, Plava J, Cierna Z, Babelova A, Bohovic R, Schmidtova S, Tomas M, Kucerova L, Matuskova M. ALDH1A3 upregulation and spontaneous metastasis formation is associated with acquired chemoresistance in colorectal cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:848. [PMID: 30143021 PMCID: PMC6109326 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4758-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Efficiency of colorectal carcinoma treatment by chemotherapy is diminished as the resistance develops over time in patients. The same holds true for 5-fluorouracil, the drug used in first line chemotherapy of colorectal carcinoma. Methods Chemoresistant derivative of HT-29 cells was prepared by long-term culturing in increasing concentration of 5-fluorouracil. Cells were characterized by viability assays, flow cytometry, gene expression arrays and kinetic imaging. Immunomagnetic separation was used for isolation of subpopulations positive for cancer stem cells-related surface markers. Aldehyde dehydrogenase expression was attenuated by siRNA. In vivo studies were performed on SCID/bg mice. Results The prepared chemoresistant cell line labeled as HT-29/EGFP/FUR is assigned with different morphology, decreased proliferation rate and 135-fold increased IC50 value for 5-fluorouracil in comparison to parental counterparts HT-29/EGFP. The capability of chemoresistant cells to form tumor xenografts, when injected subcutaneously into SCID/bg mice, was strongly compromised, however, they formed distant metastases in mouse lungs spontaneously. Derived cells preserved their resistance in vitro and in vivo even without the 5-fluorouracil selection pressure. More importantly, they were resistant to cisplatin, oxaliplatin and cyclophosphamide exhibiting high cross-resistance along with alterations in expression of cancer-stem cell markers such as CD133, CD166, CD24, CD26, CXCR4, CD271 and CD274. We also detected increased aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity associated with overexpression of specific ALDH isoform 1A3. Its inhibition by siRNA approach partially sensitized cells to various agents, thus linking for the first time the ALDH1A3 and chemoresistance in colorectal cancer. Conclusion Our study demonstrated that acquired chemoresistance goes along with metastatic and migratory phenotype and can be accompanied with increased activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase. We describe here the valuable model to study molecular link between resistance to chemotherapy and metastatic dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Durinikova
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Kozovska
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martina Poturnajova
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jana Plava
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Cierna
- Institute of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 813 72, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Andrea Babelova
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Roman Bohovic
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Silvia Schmidtova
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslav Tomas
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Department of Surgical Oncology of Slovak Medical University, National Cancer Institute, Klenova 1, 831 01, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Kucerova
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Miroslava Matuskova
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Hoshiba T. An extracellular matrix (ECM) model at high malignant colorectal tumor increases chondroitin sulfate chains to promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition and chemoresistance acquisition. Exp Cell Res 2018; 370:571-578. [PMID: 30016638 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Chemoresistance is one of the major barriers for tumor chemotherapy. It is clinically known that chemoresistance increases during tumor progression. Additionally, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is also remodeled during tumor progression. However, it remains unclear how ECM remodeling contributes to chemoresistance acquisition. Recently, it has been reported that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) contributes to chemoresistance acquisition. Here, how ECM remodeling contributes to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) resistance acquisition was investigated from the viewpoints of EMT using in vitro ECM models mimicking native ECM in colorectal tumor tissue at three different malignant levels. 5-FU partially induced EMT and increased ABCB1 in colorectal HT-29 cells via TGF-β signaling (an invasive tumor cell model). When HT-29 cells were cultured on an ECM model (high malignant matrices) mimicking native ECM in highly malignant tumor tissues, the cells facilitated TGF-β-induced EMT and increased ABCB1 upregulation compared with that of other ECM models mimicking the low malignant level and normal tissues. High malignant matrices contained more chondroitin sulfate (CS) chains than those of other ECM models. Finally, CS chain-reduced high malignant matrices could not facilitate ABCB1 upregulation and TGF-β-induced EMT. These results demonstrated that ECM remodeling during tumor progression increased CS chains to facilitate EMT and ABCB1 upregulation, contributing to chemoresistance acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Hoshiba
- Frontier Center for Organic Materials, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan; Innovative Flex Course for Frontier Organic Material Systems, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan; Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan.
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Zhou Q, Li Y, Zhu Y, Yu C, Jia H, Bao B, Hu H, Xiao C, Zhang J, Zeng X, Wan Y, Xu H, Li Z, Yang X. Co-delivery nanoparticle to overcome metastasis promoted by insufficient chemotherapy. J Control Release 2018; 275:67-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Okada Y, Wang T, Kasai K, Suzuki K, Takikawa Y. Regulation of transforming growth factor is involved in the efficacy of combined 5-fluorouracil and interferon alpha-2b therapy of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Death Discov 2018; 4:42. [PMID: 29560281 PMCID: PMC5849890 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-018-0040-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) is critical in cancer cell invasion and metastasis. The effects of a treatment that targets TGF-β using the combination of interferon alpha (IFNα)-2b and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) are unknown. Here, we show that the serum levels of TGF-β1 prior to the therapy correlate with increased maximum tumor diameter, which is significantly (p < 0.01) decreased after the combination therapy. 5-FU increased both the expression and secretion levels of TGF-β1 in hepatoma cells, but not in normal hepatocytes. The combination of 5-FU and IFNα-2b synergistically affected cell death. However, a TGF-β1 specific inhibitor did not affect the anti-tumor activity of 5-FU. 5-FU inhibited the phosphorylation of SMAD2 and reduced the total protein levels of SMAD2, SMAD4, and pINK4b. Conversely, 5-FU stimulated the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2. Accordingly, the protein levels of E-cadherin and claudin-1 were reduced in 5-FU-treated cells. The combination of 5-FU and IFNα-2b, and the inhibition of ERK1/2 by a specific inhibitor neutralized the effects of 5-FU on TGF-β-related signaling molecules and restored their protein levels to those observed in the control. Interestingly, the phosphorylated protein levels of SMAD2 and the total protein levels of E-cadherin and p15INK4b were increased in 5-FU-stimulated HuH-7 cells, but not in Hep G2 cells. Our data suggest that the higher efficacy of the 5-FU and IFNα-2b combination therapy was associated with the regulation of TGF-β expression, secretion, and the signals mediated by it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhei Okada
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Iwate Japan
| | - Ting Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Iwate Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kasai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Iwate Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Suzuki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Iwate Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Takikawa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Iwate Japan
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Lu WQ, Qiu JL, Huang ZL, Liu HY. Enhanced circulating transforming growth factor beta 1 is causally associated with an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma: a mendelian randomization meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:84695-84704. [PMID: 27835897 PMCID: PMC5356692 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to test the causal association between circulating transforming growth factor beta 1 (protein: TGF-β1 and coding gene: TGFB1) and hepatocellular carcinoma by choosing TGFB1 gene C-509T polymorphism as an instrument in a Mendelian randomization (MR) meta-analysis. Ten English articles were identified for analysis. Two authors independently assessed each article and abstracted relevant data. Odds ratio (OR) and weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were synthesized under a random-effects model. Overall, the association of C-509T polymorphism with hepatocellular carcinoma was negative, but its association with circulating TGF-β1 was statistically significant, with a higher concentration observed in carriers of the -509TT genotype (WMD, 95% CI, P: 1.72, 0.67–2.78, 0.001) and -509TT/-509TC genotypes (WMD, 95% CI, P: 0.98, 0.43–1.53, < 0.001). In subgroup analysis, C-509T polymorphism was significantly associated with hepatocellular carcinoma in population-based studies under homozygous-genotype (OR, 95% CI, P: 1.74, 1.08–2.80, 0.023) and dominant (OR, 95% CI, P: 1.48, 1.01–2.17, 0.047) models. Further MR analysis indicated that per unit increase in circulating TGF-β1 was significantly associated with a 38% (95% CI: 1.03–4.65) and 49% (95% CI: 1.01–6.06) increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma under homozygous-genotype and dominant models, respectively. Conclusively, based on a MR meta-analysis, our findings suggest that enhanced circulating TGF-β1 is causally associated with an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Qun Lu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tumor Surgery, Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ji-Liang Qiu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tumor Surgery, Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi-Liang Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tumor Surgery, Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hai-Ying Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tumor Surgery, Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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TAB3 upregulates Survivin expression to promote colorectal cancer invasion and metastasis by binding to the TAK1-TRAF6 complex. Oncotarget 2017; 8:106565-106576. [PMID: 29290971 PMCID: PMC5739756 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1)-binding protein 3 (TAB3) is involved in cancer proliferation and metastasis, but its role in colorectal cancer remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that TAB3 is upregulated in colorectal cancer tissues and that high TAB3 levels correlated with tumor metastasis and a poor prognosis in colorectal cancer. In addition, TAB3 knockdown decreased Survivin expression and suppressed colorectal cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro, and reduced liver metastasis in vivo. Importantly, we found that TAB3 regulated Survivin expression by activating the NF-κB pathway through the formation of the TAK1-TAB3-TRAF6 complex. These findings suggest TAB3 may be a useful prognostic biomarker in colorectal cancer and a target for treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer.
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Fujishima H, Fumoto S, Shibata T, Nishiki K, Tsukamoto Y, Etoh T, Moriyama M, Shiraishi N, Inomata M. A 17-molecule set as a predictor of complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy with docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil in esophageal cancer. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188098. [PMID: 29136005 PMCID: PMC5685591 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, neoadjuvant chemotherapy with docetaxel/cisplatin/5-fluorouracil (NAC-DCF) was identified as a novel strong regimen with a high rate of pathological complete response (pCR) in advanced esophageal cancer in Japan. Predicting pCR will contribute to the therapeutic strategy and the prevention of surgical invasion. However, a predictor of pCR after NAC-DCF has not yet been developed. The aim of this study was to identify a novel predictor of pCR in locally advanced esophageal cancer treated with NAC-DCF. Patients and methods A total of 32 patients who received NAC-DCF followed by esophagectomy between June 2013 and March 2016 were enrolled in this study. We divided the patients into the following 2 groups: pCR group (9 cases) and non-pCR group (23 cases), and compared gene expressions between these groups using DNA microarray data and KeyMolnet. Subsequently, a validation study of candidate molecular expression was performed in 7 additional cases. Results Seventeen molecules, including transcription factor E2F, T-cell-specific transcription factor, Src (known as “proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase of sarcoma”), interferon regulatory factor 1, thymidylate synthase, cyclin B, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4, CDK, caspase-1, vitamin D receptor, histone deacetylase, MAPK/ERK kinase, bcl-2-associated X protein, runt-related transcription factor 1, PR domain zinc finger protein 1, platelet-derived growth factor receptor, and interleukin 1, were identified as candidate molecules. The molecules were mainly associated with pathways, such as transcriptional regulation by SMAD, RB/E2F, and STAT. The validation study indicated that 12 of the 17 molecules (71%) matched the trends of molecular expression. Conclusions A 17-molecule set that predicts pCR after NAC-DCF for locally advanced esophageal cancer was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Fujishima
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Shoichi Fumoto
- Department of Surgery, Oita Nakamura Hospital, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Shibata
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Kohei Nishiki
- Department of Surgery, Oita Nakamura Hospital, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Tsukamoto
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Etoh
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Moriyama
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Norio Shiraishi
- Comprehensive Surgery for Community Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Masafumi Inomata
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan
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Slattery ML, Trivellas A, Pellatt AJ, Mullany LE, Stevens JR, Wolff RK, Herrick JS. Genetic variants in the TGFβ-signaling pathway influence expression of miRNAs in colon and rectal normal mucosa and tumor tissue. Oncotarget 2017; 8:16765-16783. [PMID: 28061442 PMCID: PMC5370000 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The TGF-β signaling pathway is involved in regulation of cell growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis. We test the hypothesis that genetic variation in the TGF-β signaling pathway alters miRNA expression.We use data from 1188 colorectal cancer cases to evaluate associations between 80 SNPs in 21 genes.Seven variants eIF4E rs12498533, NFκB1 rs230510, TGFB1 rs4803455, TGFBR1 rs1571590 and rs6478974, SMAD3 rs3743343, and RUNX1 rs8134179 were associated with expression level of miRNAs in normal colorectal mucosa. RUNX2 rs12333172 and BMPR1B rs13134042 were associated with miRNAs in normal colon mucosa; eIF4EBP3 rs250425, SMAD3 rs12904944, SMAD7 rs3736242, and PTEN rs532678 were associated with miRNA expression in normal rectal mucosa. Evaluation of the differential expression between carcinoma and normal mucosa showed that SMAD3 rs12708491 and rs2414937, NFκB1 rs230510 and rs3821958, and RUNX3 rs6672420 were associated with several miRNAs for colorectal carcinoma. Evaluation of site-specific differential miRNA expression showed that BMPR1B rs2120834, BMPR2 rs2228545, and eIF4EBP3 rs250425 were associated with differential miRNA expression in colon tissue and SMAD3 rs12901071, rs1498506, and rs2414937, BMPR2 rs2228545, and RUNX2 rs2819854, altered differential miRNA expression in rectal tissue.These data support the importance of the TGF-β signaling pathway to the carcinogenic process, possibly through their influence on miRNA expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha L Slattery
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | | | - Lila E Mullany
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - John R Stevens
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Roger K Wolff
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Kast RE, Skuli N, Karpel-Massler G, Frosina G, Ryken T, Halatsch ME. Blocking epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in glioblastoma with a sextet of repurposed drugs: the EIS regimen. Oncotarget 2017; 8:60727-60749. [PMID: 28977822 PMCID: PMC5617382 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper outlines a treatment protocol to run alongside of standard current treatment of glioblastoma- resection, temozolomide and radiation. The epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) inhibiting sextet, EIS Regimen, uses the ancillary attributes of six older medicines to impede EMT during glioblastoma. EMT is an actively motile, therapy-resisting, low proliferation, transient state that is an integral feature of cancers’ lethality generally and of glioblastoma specifically. It is believed to be during the EMT state that glioblastoma’s centrifugal migration occurs. EMT is also a feature of untreated glioblastoma but is enhanced by chemotherapy, by radiation and by surgical trauma. EIS Regimen uses the antifungal drug itraconazole to block Hedgehog signaling, the antidiabetes drug metformin to block AMP kinase (AMPK), the analgesic drug naproxen to block Rac1, the anti-fibrosis drug pirfenidone to block transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), the psychiatric drug quetiapine to block receptor activator NFkB ligand (RANKL) and the antibiotic rifampin to block Wnt- all by their previously established ancillary attributes. All these systems have been identified as triggers of EMT and worthy targets to inhibit. The EIS Regimen drugs have a good safety profile when used individually. They are not expected to have any new side effects when combined. Further studies of the EIS Regimen are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolas Skuli
- INSERM, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, CRCT, Inserm/Université Toulouse III, Paul Sabatier, Hubert Curien, Toulouse, France
| | - Georg Karpel-Massler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee, Ulm, Germany
| | - Guido Frosina
- Mutagenesis & Cancer Prevention Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino, IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Largo Rosanna Benzi, Genoa, Italy
| | - Timothy Ryken
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Marc-Eric Halatsch
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee, Ulm, Germany
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Tamaki R, Kanai-Mori A, Morishige Y, Koike A, Yanagihara K, Amano F. Effects of 5-fluorouracil, adriamycin and irinotecan on HSC-39, a human scirrhous gastric cancer cell line. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:2366-2374. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Xie R, Wang J, Tang W, Li Y, Peng Y, Zhang H, Liu G, Huang X, Zhao J, Li A, Gong W, Chen Y, Ren Y, Wang Y, Li G, Liu S, Wang J. Rufy3 promotes metastasis through epithelial-mesenchymal transition in colorectal cancer. Cancer Lett 2017; 390:30-38. [PMID: 28089833 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Rufy3 is a RUN domain-containing protein that has been associated with gastric cancers; however, the role of Rufy3 in the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unknown. We demonstrated that Rufy3 expression was higher in 11/12 fresh CRC tissues than in adjacent normal tissues. Rufy3 induced elevated expression and transactivity of four major oncogenes in CRC. Moreover, siRNA-mediated repression of Rufy3 induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, and Rufy3 overexpression enhanced CRC cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, Rufy3 up-regulation promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastatic phenotypes. Using an established in vitro cell model of 5-fluorouracil-resistant (5-FU) CRC cells, we assessed cellular morphology, molecular changes, and invasion and found that these characteristics were consistent with EMT. Silencing of Rufy3 by siRNA reversed EMT and greatly diminished the invasion of 5-FU-treated cells. In addition, TGF-β1 induced Rufy3 expression in a dose-dependent manner, and Rufy3 knockdown inhibited TGF-β1-induced EMT. In vivo, higher expression of Rufy3 promoted CRC cell invasion and metastasis and induced EMT. Taken together, this work identified that Rufy3 promoted cancer metastasis in CRC cells through EMT induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Weimei Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yueqiao Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ying Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Hexian Memorial Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 511400, China
| | - Guangnan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xiaoting Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jinjun Zhao
- Department of Rheumatism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Aimin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Wei Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yuexin Ren
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yadong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Guoxin Li
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Side Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Jide Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Kensara OA, El-Shemi AG, Mohamed AM, Refaat B, Idris S, Ahmad J. Thymoquinone subdues tumor growth and potentiates the chemopreventive effect of 5-fluorouracil on the early stages of colorectal carcinogenesis in rats. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2016; 10:2239-53. [PMID: 27468227 PMCID: PMC4946859 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s109721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent cancers and has a high mortality rate. Insensitivity and the limited therapeutic efficacy of its standard chemotherapeutic drug, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), represents an important challenge in CRC treatment. The robust antitumor properties of thymoquinone (TQ), the main bioactive constituent of Nigella sativa, have recently been demonstrated on different cancers. We investigated whether TQ could potentiate the chemopreventive effect of 5-FU to eradicate the early stages of CRC and elucidated its underlying mechanisms. An intermediate-term (15 weeks) model of colorectal tumorigenesis was induced in male Wistar rats by azoxymethane (AOM), and the animals were randomly and equally divided into five groups: control, AOM, AOM/5-FU, AOM/TQ, and AOM/5-FU/TQ. TQ (35 mg/kg/d; 3 d/wk) was given during the seventh and 15th weeks post-AOM injection, while 5-FU was given during the ninth and tenth weeks (12 mg/kg/d for 4 days; then 6 mg/kg every other day for another four doses). At week 15, the resected colons were subjected to macroscopic, histopathological, molecular, and immunohistochemical examinations. Interestingly, 5-FU/TQ combination therapy resulted in a more significant reduction on AOM-induced colorectal tumors and large aberrant crypts foci than treatment with the individual drugs. Mechanistically, 5-FU and TQ remarkably cooperated to repress the expression of procancerous Wnt, β-catenin, NF-κB, COX-2, iNOS, VEGF, and TBRAS and upregulate the expression of anti-tumorigenesis DKK-1, CDNK-1A, TGF-β1, TGF-βRII, Smad4, and GPx. Overall, our findings present the first report describing the in vivo enhancement effect of combined TQ and 5-FU against early stages of CRC; however, further studies are required to determine the value of this combination therapy in an advanced long-term model of CRC and also to realize its clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Adnan Kensara
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Holy Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel Galal El-Shemi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Holy Makkah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Amr Mohamed Mohamed
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Holy Makkah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Bassem Refaat
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Holy Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shakir Idris
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Holy Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jawwad Ahmad
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Holy Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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