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Tang J, Liu H, Li J, Zhang Y, Yao S, Yang K, You Z, Qiao X, Song Y. Regulation of post-translational modification of PD-L1 and associated opportunities for novel small-molecule therapeutics. Future Med Chem 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38949857 DOI: 10.1080/17568919.2024.2366146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
PD-L1 is overexpressed on the surface of tumor cells and binds to PD-1, resulting in tumor immune escape. Therapeutic strategies to target the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway involve blocking the binding. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have limited efficacy against tumors because PD-L1 is also present in the cytoplasm. PD-L1 of post-translational modifications (PTMs) have uncovered numerous mechanisms contributing to carcinogenesis and have identified potential therapeutic targets. Therefore, small molecule inhibitors can block crucial carcinogenic signaling pathways, making them a potential therapeutic option. To better develop small molecule inhibitors, we have summarized the PTMs of PD-L1. This review discusses the regulatory mechanisms of small molecule inhibitors in carcinogenesis and explore their potential applications, proposing a novel approach for tumor immunotherapy based on PD-L1 PTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China
| | - Han Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China
| | - Jinze Li
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China
| | - Yibo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China
| | - Suyang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China
| | - Kan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China
| | - Zhihao You
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China
| | - Yali Song
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations & Excipients, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China
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2
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Cai M, Xu M, Yu D, Wang Q, Liu S. Posttranslational regulatory mechanism of PD-L1 in cancers and associated opportunities for novel small-molecule therapeutics. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2024. [PMID: 38826132 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2024085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the tremendous progress in cancer research over the past few decades, effective therapeutic strategies are still urgently needed. Accumulating evidence suggests that immune checkpoints are the cause of tumor immune escape. PD-1/PD-L1 are among them. Posttranslational modification is the most critical step for protein function, and the regulation of PD-L1 by small molecules through posttranslational modification is highly valuable. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of tumor cell immune escape and several posttranslational modifications associated with PD-L1 and describe examples in which small molecules can regulate PD-L1 through posttranslational modifications. Herein, we propose that the use of small molecule compounds that act by inhibiting PD-L1 through posttranslational modifications is a promising therapeutic approach with the potential to improve clinical outcomes for cancer patients.
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Tate EW, Soday L, de la Lastra AL, Wang M, Lin H. Protein lipidation in cancer: mechanisms, dysregulation and emerging drug targets. Nat Rev Cancer 2024; 24:240-260. [PMID: 38424304 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-024-00666-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Protein lipidation describes a diverse class of post-translational modifications (PTMs) that is regulated by over 40 enzymes, targeting more than 1,000 substrates at over 3,000 sites. Lipidated proteins include more than 150 oncoproteins, including mediators of cancer initiation, progression and immunity, receptor kinases, transcription factors, G protein-coupled receptors and extracellular signalling proteins. Lipidation regulates the physical interactions of its protein substrates with cell membranes, regulating protein signalling and trafficking, and has a key role in metabolism and immunity. Targeting protein lipidation, therefore, offers a unique approach to modulate otherwise undruggable oncoproteins; however, the full spectrum of opportunities to target the dysregulation of these PTMs in cancer remains to be explored. This is attributable in part to the technological challenges of identifying the targets and the roles of protein lipidation. The early stage of drug discovery for many enzymes in the pathway contrasts with efforts for drugging similarly common PTMs such as phosphorylation and acetylation, which are routinely studied and targeted in relevant cancer contexts. Here, we review recent advances in identifying targetable protein lipidation pathways in cancer, the current state-of-the-art in drug discovery, and the status of ongoing clinical trials, which have the potential to deliver novel oncology therapeutics targeting protein lipidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward W Tate
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
| | - Lior Soday
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Mei Wang
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hening Lin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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McClellan B, Wilson CN, Brenner AJ, Jolly CA, deGraffenried L. Flotillin-1 palmitoylation is essential for its stability and subsequent tumor promoting capabilities. Oncogene 2024; 43:1063-1074. [PMID: 38374406 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-02946-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Flotillin-1 contributes to invasion and metastasis in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and is modified post-translationally through palmitoylation. Palmitoylation, the process of conjugating palmitoyl-CoA to proteins, plays an essential role in protein stability and trafficking. Thus far, there has not been any investigation into the role of flotillin-1 palmitoylation in the context of metastasis in vivo. To address the role of flotillin-1 palmitoylation in metastasis, MDA-MB-231 cells expressing palmitoylation defective flotillin-1 constructs were used as models. Compared to flotillin-1 WT expressing tumors, flotillin-1 palmitoylation defective displayed abrogated tumor progression and lung metastasis in vivo in both spontaneous and experimental models. Further mechanistic investigation led to the identification of zDHHC5 as the main palmitoyl acyltransferase responsible for palmitoylating endogenous flotillin-1. Modulation of flotillin-1 palmitoylation status through mutagenesis, zDHHC5 silencing, and 2-bromopalmitate inhibition all resulted in the proteasomal degradation of flotillin-1 protein. To assess if flotillin-1 palmitoylation can be inhibited for potential clinical relevance, we designed a competitive peptide fused to a cell penetrating peptide sequence, which displayed efficacy in blocking flotillin-1 palmitoylation in vitro without altering palmitoylation of other zDHHC5 substrates, highlighting its specificity. Additionally, TNBC xenograft tumor models expressing a doxycycline inducible flotillin-1 palmitoylation inhibiting peptide displayed attenuated tumor growth and lung metastasis. Collectively, these results reveal a novel palmitoylation dependent mechanism which is essential for the stability of flotillin-1 protein. More specifically, disruption of flotillin-1 palmitoylation through mutagenesis or competitive peptide promoted flotillin-1 protein degradation, subsequently impeding its tumor promoting and metastasis-inducing effects in TNBC tumor models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan McClellan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Crystal N Wilson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Andrew J Brenner
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Christopher A Jolly
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Linda deGraffenried
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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5
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Liu D, Wen C, Chen L, Ye M, Liu H, Sun X, Liang L, Zhang J, Chang S, Liu J. The emerging roles of PD-L1 subcellular localization in tumor immune evasion. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 220:115984. [PMID: 38135128 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Targeting immune checkpoint PD-1 or its ligand PD-L1 blockade has achieved a great therapeutic effect in a variety of cancer types. However, the overall response rate and duration are still limited for intrinsic and acquired resistance. There is an urgent need to understand the underlying mechanism. Studies showed that PD-L1 regulation is related to the response to PD-1 monoclonal antibodies (PD-1 mAB). Interestingly, emerging studies found that the different distribution of PD-L1 has distinct functions in tumor through the specific signaling pathways. Thus, controlling the distribution of PD-L1 provides an attractive therapeutic strategy for enhancing PD-1 mAB efficiency and rewiring the resistance. Here, we review the recent studies about the role and regulation of PD-L1 distribution from synthesis to surface delivery, internalization, recycling, or lysosome degradation and translocated into the nucleus or secreted into the extracellular space. We place this knowledge in the context of observations in the clinic and discuss the potential therapeutic strategies to enhance the efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Liu
- Department of Hematology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Molecular Biology Research Center, Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Chengcai Wen
- Department of Hematology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Molecular Biology Research Center, Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Mao Ye
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Xing Sun
- Department of Hematology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Molecular Biology Research Center, Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Long Liang
- Department of Hematology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Molecular Biology Research Center, Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
| | - Ji Zhang
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421002, China.
| | - Shi Chang
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Hematology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Molecular Biology Research Center, Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
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Zhang C, Zhang Y, Dong Y, Zi R, Wang Y, Chen Y, Liu C, Wang J, Wang X, Li J, Liang H, Ou J. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease promotes liver metastasis of colorectal cancer via fatty acid synthase dependent EGFR palmitoylation. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:41. [PMID: 38263401 PMCID: PMC10805926 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01770-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver metastasis is the major reason for most of colorectal cancer (CRC) related deaths. Accumulating evidence indicates that CRC patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are at a greater risk of developing liver metastasis. With the growing prevalence of NAFLD, a better understanding of the molecular mechanism in NAFLD-driven CRC liver metastasis is needed. In this study, we demonstrated that NAFLD facilitated CRC liver metastasis as a metabolic disorder and promoted the stemness of metastatic CRC cells for their colonization and outgrowth in hepatic niches. Metabolically, the lipid-rich microenvironment in NAFLD activated de novo palmitate biosynthesis in metastatic CRC cells via upregulating fatty acid synthase (FASN). Moreover, increased intracellular palmitate bioavailability promoted EGFR palmitoylation to enhance its protein stability and plasma membrane localization. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the FDA-approved FASN inhibitor orlistat could reduce NAFLD-activated endogenous palmitate production, thus inhibiting palmitoylation of EGFR to suppress CRC cell stemness and restrict liver metastasis in synergy with conventional chemotherapy. These findings reveal that the NAFLD metabolic microenvironment boosts endogenous palmitate biosynthesis in metastatic CRC cells and promotes cell stemness via EGFR palmitoylation, and FASN inhibitor orlistat could be a candidate adjuvant drug to suppress liver metastasis in CRC patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Dong
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruiyang Zi
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Yijie Wang
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanrong Chen
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Chengxiang Liu
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Junyi Wang
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuesong Wang
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China.
| | - Houjie Liang
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China.
| | - Juanjuan Ou
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China.
- Jinfeng Laboratory, 401329, Chongqing, China.
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Katoh K, Katoh Y, Kubo A, Iida M, Ikeda Y, Iwata T, Nishio H, Sugawara M, Kato D, Suematsu M, Hirai S, Kawana K. Serum Free Fatty Acid Changes Caused by High Expression of Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 in Tumor Tissues Are Early Diagnostic Markers for Ovarian Cancer. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:1840-1852. [PMID: 37712874 PMCID: PMC10498943 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer has a poor prognosis and is difficult to detect in early stages. Therefore, developing new diagnostic markers for early-stage ovarian cancer is critical. Here, we developed a diagnostic marker for early-stage ovarian cancer on the basis of fatty acid metabolism characteristics of cancer cells. The expression of various fatty acid metabolizing enzymes such as stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) was altered in early-stage ovarian cancer tissue compared with that in normal ovarian tissue. Changes in the expression of fatty acid metabolizing enzymes, particularly SCD1, in cancer tissues were found to alter concentrations of multiple free fatty acids (FFA) in serum. We were the first to show that fatty acid metabolic characteristics in tissues are related to the FFA composition of serum. Surprisingly, patients with stage I/II ovarian cancer also showed significant changes in serum levels of eight FFAs, which can be early diagnostic markers. Finally, using statistical analysis, an optimal early diagnostic model combining oleic and arachidic acid levels, fatty acids associated with SCD1, was established and confirmed to have higher diagnostic power than CA125, regardless of histology. Thus, our newly developed diagnostic model using serum FFAs may be a powerful tool for the noninvasive early detection of ovarian cancer. SIGNIFICANCE Measurement of serum FFA levels by changes in the expression of fatty acid metabolizing enzymes in tumor tissue would allow early detection of ovarian cancer. In particular, the SCD1-associated FFAs, oleic and arachidic acid, would be powerful new screening tools for early-stage ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanoko Katoh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Katoh
- Division of Anatomical Science, Department of Functional Morphology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Kubo
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miho Iida
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Ikeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Iwata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Sugawara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daiki Kato
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Suematsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- WPI-Bio2Q Research Center and Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Shuichi Hirai
- Division of Anatomical Science, Department of Functional Morphology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Kawana
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Tan X, Wang C, Zhou H, Zhang S, Liu X, Yang X, Liu W. Bioactive fatty acid analog-derived hybrid nanoparticles confer antibody-independent chemo-immunotherapy against carcinoma. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:183. [PMID: 37291573 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01950-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Typical chemo-immunotherapy against malignant carcinoma, is characterized by the combined application of chemotherapeutic agents and monoclonal antibodies for immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). Temporary ICB with antibodies would not depress tumor intrinsic PD-L1 expression and potential PD-L1 adaptive upregulation during chemotherapy, thus exerting limited immunotherapy efficacy. Herein, we developed novel polymer-lipid hybrid nanoparticles (2-BP/CPT-PLNs) for inducing PD-L1 degradation by inhibiting palmitoylation with bioactive palmitic acid analog 2-bromopalmitate (2-BP) to replace PD-L1 antibody (αPD-L1) for ICB therapy, thus achieving highly efficient antitumor immune via immunogenic cell death (ICD) induced by potentiated chemotherapy. GSH-responsive and biodegradable polymer-prodrug CPT-ss-PAEEP10 assisted as a cationic helper polymer could help to stabilize 2-BP/CPT-PLNs co-assembled with 2-BP, and facilitate the tumor site-specific delivery and intracellular release of water-insoluble camptothecin (CPT) in vivo. 2-BP/CPT-PLNs would reinforce cytotoxic CD8+ T cell-mediated antitumor immune response via promoting intratumoral lymphocytes cells infiltration and activation. 2-BP/CPT-PLNs significantly prevented melanoma progression and prolonged life survival of mice beyond the conventional combination of irinotecan hydrochloride (CPT-11) and αPD-L1. Our work first provided valuable instructions for developing bioactive lipid analogs-derived nanoparticles via lipid metabolism intervention for oncotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Tan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
| | - Chenhui Wang
- The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, P.R. China
| | - Hong Zhou
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
| | - Shuting Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
| | - Xuhan Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen, 518060, P.R. China
| | - Xiangliang Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China.
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Soonnarong R, Putra ID, Sriratanasak N, Sritularak B, Chanvorachote P. Artonin F Induces the Ubiquitin-Proteasomal Degradation of c-Met and Decreases Akt-mTOR Signaling. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15050633. [PMID: 35631459 PMCID: PMC9145792 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapies that selectively inhibit certain molecules in cancer cells have been considered promising for cancer treatment. In lung cancer, evidence has suggested that mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (c-Met) oncoprotein drives cancer progression through its signaling transduction pathway. In this paper, we report the downregulation of c-Met by artonin F, a flavonoid isolated from Artocarpus gomezianus. Artonin F was found to be dominantly toxic to lung cancer cells by mediating apoptosis. With regard to its mechanism of action, artonin F downregulated c-Met expression, consequently suppressed the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling, increased Bax expression, decreased Bcl-2 expression, and activated caspase-3. The depletion of c-Met was mediated by ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation following co-treatment with artonin F, with the proteasome inhibitor MG132 reversing its c-Met-targeting effect. The immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that artonin F significantly promoted the formation of the c-Met–ubiquitin complex. Given that ubiquitin-specific protease 8 (USP8) prevents c-Met degradation by deubiquitination, we performed a preliminary in silico molecular docking and observed that artonin F blocked the catalytic site of USP8. In addition, artonin F interacted with the catalytic residues of palmitoylating enzymes. By acting as a competitive inhibitor, artonin F could reduce the degree of palmitoylation of c-Met, which affected its stability and activity. In conclusion, c-Met is critical for cancer cell survival and the failure of chemotherapeutic regimens. This novel information on the c-Met downregulating effect of artonin F will be beneficial for the development of efficient anticancer strategies or targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rapeepun Soonnarong
- Interdisciplinary Program of Pharmacology Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (I.D.P.); (N.S.)
| | - Ismail Dwi Putra
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (I.D.P.); (N.S.)
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology Graduate Program, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nicharat Sriratanasak
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (I.D.P.); (N.S.)
- Departments of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Boonchoo Sritularak
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Pithi Chanvorachote
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (I.D.P.); (N.S.)
- Departments of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +662-218-8344
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Huo M, Zhang J, Huang W, Wang Y. Interplay Among Metabolism, Epigenetic Modifications, and Gene Expression in Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:793428. [PMID: 35004688 PMCID: PMC8740611 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.793428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications and metabolism are two fundamental biological processes. During tumorigenesis and cancer development both epigenetic and metabolic alterations occur and are often intertwined together. Epigenetic modifications contribute to metabolic reprogramming by modifying the transcriptional regulation of metabolic enzymes, which is crucial for glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism. Metabolites provide substrates for epigenetic modifications, including histone modification (methylation, acetylation, and phosphorylation), DNA and RNA methylation and non-coding RNAs. Simultaneously, some metabolites can also serve as substrates for nonhistone post-translational modifications that have an impact on the development of tumors. And metabolic enzymes also regulate epigenetic modifications independent of their metabolites. In addition, metabolites produced by gut microbiota influence host metabolism. Understanding the crosstalk among metabolism, epigenetic modifications, and gene expression in cancer may help researchers explore the mechanisms of carcinogenesis and progression to metastasis, thereby provide strategies for the prevention and therapy of cancer. In this review, we summarize the progress in the understanding of the interactions between cancer metabolism and epigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Huo
- Key Laboratory of Cancer and Microbiome, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer and Microbiome, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer and Microbiome, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer and Microbiome, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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11
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Jansen M, Beaumelle B. How palmitoylation affects trafficking and signaling of membrane receptors. Biol Cell 2021; 114:61-72. [PMID: 34738237 DOI: 10.1111/boc.202100052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
S-acylation (or palmitoylation) is a reversible post-translational modification (PTM) that modulates protein activity, signalization and trafficking. Palmitoylation was found to significantly impact the activity of various membrane receptors involved in either pathogen entry, such as CCR5 (for HIV) and anthrax toxin receptors, cell proliferation (epidermal growth factor receptor), cardiac function (β-Adrenergic receptor), or synaptic function (AMPA receptor). Palmitoylation of these membrane receptors indeed affects not only their internalization, localization, and activation, but also other PTMs such as phosphorylation. In this review, we discuss recent results showing how palmitoylation differently affects the biology of these membrane receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Jansen
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), UMR9004-Université de Montpellier-CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Bruno Beaumelle
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), UMR9004-Université de Montpellier-CNRS, Montpellier, France
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12
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Koch NG, Goettig P, Rappsilber J, Budisa N. Engineering Pyrrolysyl-tRNA Synthetase for the Incorporation of Non-Canonical Amino Acids with Smaller Side Chains. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11194. [PMID: 34681855 PMCID: PMC8538471 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Site-specific incorporation of non-canonical amino acids (ncAAs) into proteins has emerged as a universal tool for systems bioengineering at the interface of chemistry, biology, and technology. The diversification of the repertoire of the genetic code has been achieved for amino acids with long and/or bulky side chains equipped with various bioorthogonal tags and useful spectral probes. Although ncAAs with relatively small side chains and similar properties are of great interest to biophysics, cell biology, and biomaterial science, they can rarely be incorporated into proteins. To address this gap, we report the engineering of PylRS variants capable of incorporating an entire library of aliphatic "small-tag" ncAAs. In particular, we performed mutational studies of a specific PylRS, designed to incorporate the shortest non-bulky ncAA (S-allyl-l-cysteine) possible to date and based on this knowledge incorporated aliphatic ncAA derivatives. In this way, we have not only increased the number of translationally active "small-tag" ncAAs, but also determined key residues responsible for maintaining orthogonality, while engineering the PylRS for these interesting substrates. Based on the known plasticity of PylRS toward different substrates, our approach further expands the reassignment capacities of this enzyme toward aliphatic amino acids with smaller side chains endowed with valuable functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaj G. Koch
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany;
- Institut für Biotechnologie-Bioanalytik, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Peter Goettig
- Structural Biology Group, Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
| | - Juri Rappsilber
- Institut für Biotechnologie-Bioanalytik, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany;
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Nediljko Budisa
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany;
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
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13
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Kadry YA, Lee JY, Witze ES. Regulation of EGFR signalling by palmitoylation and its role in tumorigenesis. Open Biol 2021; 11:210033. [PMID: 34610265 PMCID: PMC8492172 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an essential driver of oncogenic signalling, and EGFR inhibitors are some of the earliest examples of successful targeted therapies in multiple types of cancer. The tractability of EGFR as a therapeutic target is overshadowed by the inevitable drug resistance that develops. Overcoming resistance mechanisms requires a deeper understanding of EGFR regulation in cancer cells. In this review, we discuss our recent discovery that the palmitoyltransferase DHHC20 palmitoylates EGFR on the C-terminal domain and plays a critical role in signal regulation during oncogenesis. Inhibiting DHHC20 expression or mutating the palmitoylation site on EGFR alters the EGF-induced signalling kinetics from a transient signal to a sustained signal. The change in signalling is accompanied by a decrease in cell proliferation in multiple human cancer cell lines. Our in vivo studies demonstrate that ablating the gene Zdhhc20 by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated inhibition in a mouse model of oncogenic Kras-driven lung adenocarcinoma potently inhibits tumorigenesis. The negative effect on tumorigenesis is mediated by EGFR since the expression of a palmitoylation-resistant mutant form of EGFR also inhibits Kras-driven lung adenocarcinoma. Finally, reducing EGFR palmitoylation increases the sensitivity of multiple cancer cell lines to existing inhibitors of EGFR and downstream signalling effector pathways. We will discuss the implications of these effects and strategies for targeting these new vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin A. Kadry
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jia-Ying Lee
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Eric S. Witze
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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14
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Suazo KF, Park KY, Distefano MD. A Not-So-Ancient Grease History: Click Chemistry and Protein Lipid Modifications. Chem Rev 2021; 121:7178-7248. [PMID: 33821625 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Protein lipid modification involves the attachment of hydrophobic groups to proteins via ester, thioester, amide, or thioether linkages. In this review, the specific click chemical reactions that have been employed to study protein lipid modification and their use for specific labeling applications are first described. This is followed by an introduction to the different types of protein lipid modifications that occur in biology. Next, the roles of click chemistry in elucidating specific biological features including the identification of lipid-modified proteins, studies of their regulation, and their role in diseases are presented. A description of the use of protein-lipid modifying enzymes for specific labeling applications including protein immobilization, fluorescent labeling, nanostructure assembly, and the construction of protein-drug conjugates is presented next. Concluding remarks and future directions are presented in the final section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiall F Suazo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Keun-Young Park
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Mark D Distefano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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15
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Shahid M, Kim M, Jin P, Zhou B, Wang Y, Yang W, You S, Kim J. S-Palmitoylation as a Functional Regulator of Proteins Associated with Cisplatin Resistance in Bladder Cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:2490-2505. [PMID: 32792852 PMCID: PMC7415425 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.45640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein S-palmitoylation is a powerful post-translational modification that regulates protein trafficking, localization, turnover, and signal transduction. Palmitoylation controls several important cellular processes, and, if dysregulated, can lead to cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurological disorders. The role of protein palmitoylation in mediating resistance to systemic cisplatin-based chemotherapies in cancer is currently unknown. This is of particular interest because cisplatin is currently the gold standard of treatment for bladder cancer (BC), and there are no feasible options after resistance is acquired. Using unbiased global proteomic profiling of purified S-palmitoylated peptides combined with intensive bioinformatics analyses, we identified 506 candidate palmitoylated proteins significantly enriched in cisplatin-resistant BC cells. One of these proteins included PD-L1, which is highly palmitoylated in resistant cells. Pharmacological inhibition of fatty acid synthase (FASN) suppressed PD-L1 palmitoylation and expression, which suggests the potential use of FASN-PD-L1-targeted therapeutic strategies in BC patients. Taken together, these results highlight the role of protein palmitoylation in mediating BC chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahid
- Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Minhyung Kim
- Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peng Jin
- Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bo Zhou
- Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yang Wang
- Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Wei Yang
- Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sungyong You
- Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jayoung Kim
- Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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16
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Wang Y, Lu H, Fang C, Xu J. Palmitoylation as a Signal for Delivery. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1248:399-424. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-3266-5_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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17
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Essandoh K, Philippe JM, Jenkins PM, Brody MJ. Palmitoylation: A Fatty Regulator of Myocardial Electrophysiology. Front Physiol 2020; 11:108. [PMID: 32140110 PMCID: PMC7042378 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation of cardiac physiology is well known to occur through the action of kinases that reversibly phosphorylate ion channels, calcium handling machinery, and signaling effectors. However, it is becoming increasingly apparent that palmitoylation or S-acylation, the post-translational modification of cysteines with saturated fatty acids, plays instrumental roles in regulating the localization, activity, stability, sorting, and function of numerous proteins, including proteins known to have essential functions in cardiomyocytes. However, the impact of this modification on cardiac physiology requires further investigation. S-acylation is catalyzed by the zDHHC family of S-acyl transferases that localize to intracellular organelle membranes or the sarcolemma. Recent work has begun to uncover functions of S-acylation in the heart, particularly in the regulation of cardiac electrophysiology, including modification of the sodium-calcium exchanger, phospholemman and the cardiac sodium pump, as well as the voltage-gated sodium channel. Elucidating the regulatory functions of zDHHC enzymes in cardiomyocytes and determination of how S-acylation is altered in the diseased heart will shed light on how these modifications participate in cardiac pathogenesis and potentially identify novel targets for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Indeed, proteins with critical signaling roles in the heart are also S-acylated, including receptors and G-proteins, yet the dynamics and functions of these modifications in myocardial physiology have not been interrogated. Here, we will review what is known about zDHHC enzymes and substrate S-acylation in myocardial physiology and highlight future areas of investigation that will uncover novel functions of S-acylation in cardiac homeostasis and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kobina Essandoh
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Julie M Philippe
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Paul M Jenkins
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Matthew J Brody
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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18
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Escorcia FE, Houghton JL, Abdel-Atti D, Pereira PR, Cho A, Gutsche NT, Baidoo KE, Lewis JS. ImmunoPET Predicts Response to Met-targeted Radioligand Therapy in Models of Pancreatic Cancer Resistant to Met Kinase Inhibitors. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:151-165. [PMID: 31903112 PMCID: PMC6929627 DOI: 10.7150/thno.37098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has limited standard of care therapeutic options. While initially received with enthusiasm, results from targeted therapy with small molecule tyrosine kinases inhibitors (TKIs) have been mixed, in part due to poor patient selection and compensatory changes in signaling networks upon blockade of one or more kinase of tumors. Here, we demonstrate that in PDACs otherwise resistant to rational kinase inhibition, Met-directed immuno-positron emission tomography (immunoPET) can identify targets for cell-signaling independent targeted radioligand therapy (RLT). In this study, we use Met-directed immunoPET and RLT in models of human pancreatic cancer that are resistant to Met- and MEK-selective TKIs, despite over-expression of Met and KRAS-pathway activation. Methods: We assessed cell membrane Met levels in human patient samples and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cell lines (BxPC3, Capan2, Suit2, and MIA PaCa-2) using immunofluorescence, flow cytometry and cell-surface biotinylation assays. To determine whether Met expression levels correlate with sensitivity to Met inhibition by tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), we performed cell viability studies. A Met-directed imaging agent was engineered by labeling Met-specific onartuzumab with zirconium-89 (Zr-89) and its in vivo performance was evaluated in subcutaneous and orthotopic PDAC xenograft models. To assess whether the immunoPET agent would predict for targeted RLT response, onartuzumab was then labeled with lutetium (Lu-177) as the therapeutic radionuclide to generate our [177Lu]Lu-DTPA-onartuzumab RLT agent. [177Lu]Lu-DTPA-onartuzumab was administered at 9.25MBq (250μCi)/20μg in three fractions separated by three days in mice subcutaneously engrafted with BxPC3 (high cell-membrane Met) or MIA PaCa-2 (low cell-membrane Met). Primary endpoints were tumor response and overall survival. Results: Flow cytometry and cell-surface biotinylation studies showed that cell-membrane Met was significantly more abundant in BxPC3, Capan2, and Suit2 when compared with MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic tumor cells. Crizotinib and cabozantinib, TKIs with known activity against Met and other kinases, decreased PDAC cell line viability in vitro. The TKI with the lowest IC50 for Met, capmatinib, had no activity in PDAC lines. No additive effect was detected on cell viability when Met-inhibition was combined with MEK1/2 inhibition. We observed selective tumor uptake of [89Zr]Zr-DFO-onartuzumab in mice subcutaneously and orthotopically engrafted with PDAC lines containing high cell-surface levels of Met (BxPC3, Capan2, Suit2), but not in mice engrafted with low cell-surface levels of Met (MIA PaCa-2). Significant tumor growth delay and overall survival benefit were observed in both BxPC3 and MIA PaCa-2 engrafted animals treated with RLT when compared to controls, however, the benefit was more pronounced and more durable in the BxPC3 engrafted animals treated with [177Lu]Lu-DTPA-onartuzumab RLT. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that while over-expression of Met is not predictive of Met-directed TKI response, immunoPET can detect Met over-expression in vivo and predicts for therapeutic response to Met-selective RLT. This phenomenon can be exploited for other Met-overexpressing tumor types specifically, and to any differentially overexpressed surface molecule more broadly.
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19
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Obata Y, Hara Y, Shiina I, Murata T, Tasaki Y, Suzuki K, Ito K, Tsugawa S, Yamawaki K, Takahashi T, Okamoto K, Nishida T, Abe R. N822K- or V560G-mutated KIT activation preferentially occurs in lipid rafts of the Golgi apparatus in leukemia cells. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:114. [PMID: 31484543 PMCID: PMC6727407 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0426-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background KIT tyrosine kinase is expressed in mast cells, interstitial cells of Cajal, and hematopoietic cells. Permanently active KIT mutations lead these host cells to tumorigenesis, and to such diseases as mast cell leukemia (MCL), gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Recently, we reported that in MCL, KIT with mutations (D816V, human; D814Y, mouse) traffics to endolysosomes (EL), where it can then initiate oncogenic signaling. On the other hand, KIT mutants including KITD814Y in GIST accumulate on the Golgi, and from there, activate downstream. KIT mutations, such as N822K, have been found in 30% of core binding factor-AML (CBF-AML) patients. However, how the mutants are tyrosine-phosphorylated and where they activate downstream molecules remain unknown. Moreover, it is unclear whether a KIT mutant other than KITD816V in MCL is able to signal on EL. Methods We used leukemia cell lines, such as Kasumi-1 (KITN822K, AML), SKNO-1 (KITN822K, AML), and HMC-1.1 (KITV560G, MCL), to explore how KIT transduces signals in these cells and to examine the signal platform for the mutants using immunofluorescence microscopy and inhibition of intracellular trafficking. Results In AML cell lines, KITN822K aberrantly localizes to EL. After biosynthesis, KIT traffics to the cell surface via the Golgi and immediately migrates to EL through endocytosis in a manner dependent on its kinase activity. However, results of phosphorylation imaging show that KIT is preferentially activated on the Golgi. Indeed, blockade of KITN822K migration to the Golgi with BFA/M-COPA inhibits the activation of KIT downstream molecules, such as AKT, ERK, and STAT5, indicating that KIT signaling occurs on the Golgi. Moreover, lipid rafts in the Golgi play a role in KIT signaling. Interestingly, KITV560G in HMC-1.1 migrates and activates downstream in a similar manner to KITN822K in Kasumi-1. Conclusions In AML, KITN822K mislocalizes to EL. Our findings, however, suggest that the mutant transduces phosphorylation signals on lipid rafts of the Golgi in leukemia cells. Unexpectedly, the KITV560G signal platform in MCL is similar to that of KITN822K in AML. These observations provide new insights into the pathogenic role of KIT mutants as well as that of other mutant molecules. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12964-019-0426-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuuki Obata
- Division of Immunobiology, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki 2669, Noda, Chiba, 278-0022, Japan. .,Division of Cancer Differentiation, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji 5-1-1, Chuo-ku, 104-0045, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yasushi Hara
- Division of Immunobiology, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki 2669, Noda, Chiba, 278-0022, Japan
| | - Isamu Shiina
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka 1-3, Shinjuku-ku, 162-8601, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takatsugu Murata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka 1-3, Shinjuku-ku, 162-8601, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Tasaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka 1-3, Shinjuku-ku, 162-8601, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyohei Suzuki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka 1-3, Shinjuku-ku, 162-8601, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Ito
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka 1-3, Shinjuku-ku, 162-8601, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shou Tsugawa
- Division of Cancer Differentiation, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji 5-1-1, Chuo-ku, 104-0045, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka 1-3, Shinjuku-ku, 162-8601, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kouhei Yamawaki
- Division of Cancer Differentiation, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji 5-1-1, Chuo-ku, 104-0045, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takahashi
- Department of Surgery, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Koji Okamoto
- Division of Cancer Differentiation, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji 5-1-1, Chuo-ku, 104-0045, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshirou Nishida
- National Cancer Center Hospital, Tsukiji 5-1-1, Chuo-ku, 104-0045, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Abe
- Division of Immunobiology, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki 2669, Noda, Chiba, 278-0022, Japan. .,SIRC, Teikyo University, Itabashi-ku 2-11-1, Itabashi-ku, 173-8605, Tokyo, Japan.
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20
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Ali A, Levantini E, Teo JT, Goggi J, Clohessy JG, Wu CS, Chen L, Yang H, Krishnan I, Kocher O, Zhang J, Soo RA, Bhakoo K, Chin TM, Tenen DG. Fatty acid synthase mediates EGFR palmitoylation in EGFR mutated non-small cell lung cancer. EMBO Mol Med 2019; 10:emmm.201708313. [PMID: 29449326 PMCID: PMC5840543 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201708313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is widely known as a hallmark of cancer cells to allow adaptation of cells to sustain survival signals. In this report, we describe a novel oncogenic signaling pathway exclusively acting in mutated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with acquired tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) resistance. Mutated EGFR mediates TKI resistance through regulation of the fatty acid synthase (FASN), which produces 16-C saturated fatty acid palmitate. Our work shows that the persistent signaling by mutated EGFR in TKI-resistant tumor cells relies on EGFR palmitoylation and can be targeted by Orlistat, an FDA-approved anti-obesity drug. Inhibition of FASN with Orlistat induces EGFR ubiquitination and abrogates EGFR mutant signaling, and reduces tumor growths both in culture systems and in vivo Together, our data provide compelling evidence on the functional interrelationship between mutated EGFR and FASN and that the fatty acid metabolism pathway is a candidate target for acquired TKI-resistant EGFR mutant NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azhar Ali
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Elena Levantini
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Jun Ting Teo
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Julian Goggi
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (A*STAR), Singapore City, Singapore
| | | | - Chan Shuo Wu
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Leilei Chen
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Henry Yang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | | | | | - Junyan Zhang
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ross A Soo
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore.,Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Kishore Bhakoo
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (A*STAR), Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Tan Min Chin
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore .,Raffles Cancer Centre, Raffles Hospital, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Daniel G Tenen
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore .,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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21
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Isaji T, Im S, Kameyama A, Wang Y, Fukuda T, Gu J. A complex between phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase IIα and integrin α3β1 is required for N-glycan sialylation in cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:4425-4436. [PMID: 30659093 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant N-glycan sialylation of glycoproteins is closely associated with malignant phenotypes of cancer cells and metastatic potential, which includes cell adhesion, migration, and growth. Recently, phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase IIα (PI4KIIα), which is localized to the trans-Golgi network, was identified as a regulator of Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3) and of vesicle transport in the Golgi apparatus. GOLPH3 is a target of PI4KIIα and helps anchor sialyltransferases and thereby regulates sialylation of cell surface receptors. However, how PI4KIIα-mediated sialyation of cell surface proteins is regulated remains unclear. In this study, using several cell lines, CRISPR/Cas9-based gene knockout and short hairpin RNA-mediated silencing, RT-PCR, lentivirus-mediated overexpression, and immunoblotting methods, we confirmed that PI4KIIα knockdown suppresses the sialylation of N-glycans on the cell surface, in Akt phosphorylation and activation, and integrin α3-mediated cell migration of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Interestingly, both integrin α3β1 and PI4KIIα co-localized to the trans-Golgi network, where they physically interacted with each other, and PI4KIIα specifically associated with integrin α3 but not α5. Furthermore, overexpression of both integrin α3β1 and PI4KIIα induced hypersialylation. Conversely, integrin α3 knockout significantly inhibited the sialylation of membrane proteins, such as the epidermal growth factor receptor, as well as in total cell lysates. These findings suggest that the malignant phenotype of cancer cells is affected by a sialylation mechanism that is regulated by a complex between PI4KIIα and integrin α3β1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Isaji
- From the Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai Miyagi 981-8558, Japan
| | - Sanghun Im
- From the Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai Miyagi 981-8558, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kameyama
- the Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan, and
| | - Yuqin Wang
- the Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Tomohiko Fukuda
- From the Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai Miyagi 981-8558, Japan
| | - Jianguo Gu
- From the Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai Miyagi 981-8558, Japan,
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22
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Palmitoylation stabilizes PD-L1 to promote breast tumor growth. Cell Res 2018; 29:83-86. [PMID: 30514902 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-018-0124-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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23
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Frazier NM, Brand T, Gordan JD, Grandis J, Jura N. Overexpression-mediated activation of MET in the Golgi promotes HER3/ERBB3 phosphorylation. Oncogene 2018; 38:1936-1950. [PMID: 30390071 PMCID: PMC6417953 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0537-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ligand-dependent oligomerization of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) results in their activation through highly specific conformational changes in the extracellular and intracellular receptor domains. These conformational changes are unique for each RTK sub-family, limiting cross-activation between unrelated RTKs. The proto-oncogene MET receptor tyrosine kinase overcomes these structural constraints and phosphorylates unrelated RTKs in numerous cancer cell lines. The molecular basis for these interactions is unknown. We investigated the mechanism by which MET phosphorylates the human epidermal growth factor receptor-3 (HER3 or ERBB3), a catalytically impaired RTK whose phosphorylation by MET has been described as an essential component of drug resistance to inhibitors targeting EGFR and HER2. We find that in untransformed cells, HER3 is not phosphorylated by MET in response to ligand stimulation, but rather to increasing levels of MET expression, which results in MET activation in a ligand-independent manner. Phosphorylation of HER3 by its canonical dimerization partners, EGFR and HER2, is achieved by engaging an allosteric site on the HER3 kinase domain, but this site is not required when HER3 is phosphorylated by MET. We also observe that HER3 preferentially interacts with MET during its maturation along the secretory pathway, before MET is post-translationally processed by cleavage within its extracellular domain. This results in accumulation of phosphorylated HER3 in the Golgi apparatus. We further show that in addition to HER3, MET phosphorylates other RTKs in the Golgi, suggesting that this mechanism is not limited to HER3 phosphorylation. These data demonstrate a link between MET overexpression and its aberrant activation in the Golgi endomembranes and suggest that non-canonical interactions between MET and unrelated RTKs occur during maturation of receptors. Our study highlights a novel aspect of MET signaling in cancer that would not be accessible to inhibition by therapeutic antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Michael Frazier
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Toni Brand
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94113, USA
| | - John D Gordan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology - University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Jennifer Grandis
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94113, USA
| | - Natalia Jura
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA. .,Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
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24
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Zaballa ME, van der Goot FG. The molecular era of protein S-acylation: spotlight on structure, mechanisms, and dynamics. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 53:420-451. [DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2018.1488804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- María-Eugenia Zaballa
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - F. Gisou van der Goot
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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25
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Yu R, Liu H, Peng X, Cui Y, Song S, Wang L, Zhang H, Hong A, Zhou T. The palmitoylation of the N-terminal extracellular Cys37 mediates the nuclear translocation of VPAC1 contributing to its anti-apoptotic activity. Oncotarget 2018; 8:42728-42741. [PMID: 28473666 PMCID: PMC5522101 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
VPAC1 is class B G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) shared by pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). The first cysteine (Cys37) in the N-terminal extracellular domain of mature VPAC1 is a free Cys not involved in the formation of conserved intramolecular disulfide bonds. In order to investigate the biological role of this Cys37 in VPAC1, the wild-type VPAC1 and Cys37/Ala mutant (VPAC1-C37/A) were expressed stably as fusion proteins with enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP) respectively in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Both VPAC1-EYFP and VPAC1-C37/A-EYFP trafficked to the plasma membrane normally, and CHO cells expressing VPAC1-EYFP displayed higher anti-apoptotic activity against camptothecin (CPT) induced apoptosis than the cells expressing VPAC1-C37/A-EYFP, while VPAC1-C37/A-CHO cells showed higher proliferative activity than VPAC1-CHO cells. Confocal microscopic analysis, western blotting and fluorescence quantification assay showed VPAC1-EYFP displayed significant nuclear translocation while VPAC1-C37/A-EYFP did not transfer into nucleus under the stimulation of VIP (0.1 nM). Acyl-biotin exchange assay and click chemistry-based palmitoylation assay confirmed for the first time the palmitoylation of Cys37, which has been predicted by bioinformatics analysis. And the palmitoylation inhibitor 2-bromopalmitate significantly inhibited the nuclear translocation of VPAC1-EYFP and its anti-apoptotic activity synchronously. These results indicated the palmitoylation of the Cys37 in the N-terminal extracellular domain of VPAC1 mediates the nuclear translocation of VPAC1 contributing to its anti-apoptotic activity. These findings reveal for the first time the lipidation-mediating nuclear translocation of VPAC1 produces a novel anti-apoptotic signal pathway, which may help to promote new drug development strategy targeting VPAC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongjie Yu
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinhe Peng
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yue Cui
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Suqin Song
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Like Wang
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huahua Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - An Hong
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianhong Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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26
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Jiang H, Zhang X, Chen X, Aramsangtienchai P, Tong Z, Lin H. Protein Lipidation: Occurrence, Mechanisms, Biological Functions, and Enabling Technologies. Chem Rev 2018; 118:919-988. [PMID: 29292991 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Protein lipidation, including cysteine prenylation, N-terminal glycine myristoylation, cysteine palmitoylation, and serine and lysine fatty acylation, occurs in many proteins in eukaryotic cells and regulates numerous biological pathways, such as membrane trafficking, protein secretion, signal transduction, and apoptosis. We provide a comprehensive review of protein lipidation, including descriptions of proteins known to be modified and the functions of the modifications, the enzymes that control them, and the tools and technologies developed to study them. We also highlight key questions about protein lipidation that remain to be answered, the challenges associated with answering such questions, and possible solutions to overcome these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jiang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Xiao Chen
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Pornpun Aramsangtienchai
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Zhen Tong
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Hening Lin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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27
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Gao X, Hannoush RN. A Decade of Click Chemistry in Protein Palmitoylation: Impact on Discovery and New Biology. Cell Chem Biol 2017; 25:236-246. [PMID: 29290622 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Protein palmitoylation plays diverse roles in regulating the trafficking, stability, and activity of cellular proteins. The advent of click chemistry has propelled the field of protein palmitoylation forward by providing specific, sensitive, rapid, and easy-to-handle methods for studying protein palmitoylation. This year marks the 10th anniversary since the first click chemistry-based fatty acid probes for detecting protein lipid modifications were reported. The goal of this review is to highlight key biological advancements in the field of protein palmitoylation during the past 10 years. In particular, we discuss the impact of click chemistry on enabling protein palmitoylation proteomics methods, uncovering novel lipid modifications on proteins and elucidating their functions, as well as the development of non-radioactive biochemical and enzymatic assays. In addition, this review provides context for building and exploring new research avenues in protein palmitoylation through the use of clickable fatty acid probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Gao
- Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rami N Hannoush
- Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA.
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28
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Abrami L, Dallavilla T, Sandoz PA, Demir M, Kunz B, Savoglidis G, Hatzimanikatis V, van der Goot FG. Identification and dynamics of the human ZDHHC16-ZDHHC6 palmitoylation cascade. eLife 2017; 6:27826. [PMID: 28826475 PMCID: PMC5582869 DOI: 10.7554/elife.27826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
S-Palmitoylation is the only reversible post-translational lipid modification. Knowledge about the DHHC palmitoyltransferase family is still limited. Here we show that human ZDHHC6, which modifies key proteins of the endoplasmic reticulum, is controlled by an upstream palmitoyltransferase, ZDHHC16, revealing the first palmitoylation cascade. The combination of site specific mutagenesis of the three ZDHHC6 palmitoylation sites, experimental determination of kinetic parameters and data-driven mathematical modelling allowed us to obtain detailed information on the eight differentially palmitoylated ZDHHC6 species. We found that species rapidly interconvert through the action of ZDHHC16 and the Acyl Protein Thioesterase APT2, that each species varies in terms of turnover rate and activity, altogether allowing the cell to robustly tune its ZDHHC6 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Abrami
- Global Health Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tiziano Dallavilla
- Global Health Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Computational Systems Biotechnology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrick A Sandoz
- Global Health Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mustafa Demir
- Global Health Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Béatrice Kunz
- Global Health Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Georgios Savoglidis
- Laboratory of Computational Systems Biotechnology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vassily Hatzimanikatis
- Laboratory of Computational Systems Biotechnology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - F Gisou van der Goot
- Global Health Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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29
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Dynamic alterations in decoy VEGF receptor-1 stability regulate angiogenesis. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15699. [PMID: 28589930 PMCID: PMC5467243 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood vessel expansion is driven by sprouting angiogenesis of endothelial cells, and is essential for development, wound healing and disease. Membrane-localized vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (mVEGFR1) is an endothelial cell-intrinsic decoy receptor that negatively modulates blood vessel morphogenesis. Here we show that dynamic regulation of mVEGFR1 stability and turnover in blood vessels impacts angiogenesis. mVEGFR1 is highly stable and constitutively internalizes from the plasma membrane. Post-translational palmitoylation of mVEGFR1 is a binary stabilization switch, and ligand engagement leads to depalmitoylation and lysosomal degradation. Trafficking of palmitoylation enzymes via Rab27a regulates mVEGFR1 stability, as reduced levels of Rab27a impaired palmitoylation of mVEGFR1, decreased its stability, and elevated blood vessel sprouting and in vivo angiogenesis. These findings identify a regulatory axis affecting blood vessel morphogenesis that highlights exquisite post-translational regulation of mVEGFR1 in its role as a molecular rheostat.
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