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S Mesquita F, Abrami L, Bracq L, Panyain N, Mercier V, Kunz B, Chuat A, Carlevaro-Fita J, Trono D, van der Goot FG. SARS-CoV-2 hijacks a cell damage response, which induces transcription of a more efficient Spike S-acyltransferase. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7302. [PMID: 37952051 PMCID: PMC10640587 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43027-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection requires Spike protein-mediated fusion between the viral and cellular membranes. The fusogenic activity of Spike depends on its post-translational lipid modification by host S-acyltransferases, predominantly ZDHHC20. Previous observations indicate that SARS-CoV-2 infection augments the S-acylation of Spike when compared to mere Spike transfection. Here, we find that SARS-CoV-2 infection triggers a change in the transcriptional start site of the zdhhc20 gene, both in cells and in an in vivo infection model, resulting in a 67-amino-acid-long N-terminally extended protein with approx. 40 times higher Spike acylating activity, resulting in enhanced fusion of viruses with host cells. Furthermore, we observed the same induced transcriptional change in response to other challenges, such as chemically induced colitis and pore-forming toxins, indicating that SARS-CoV-2 hijacks an existing cell damage response pathway to optimize it fusion glycoprotein.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laurence Abrami
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lucie Bracq
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nattawadee Panyain
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Mercier
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
- ACCESS, Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Béatrice Kunz
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Audrey Chuat
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Didier Trono
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
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2
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Sandoz PA, Denhardt-Eriksson RA, Abrami L, Abriata LA, Spreemann G, Maclachlan C, Ho S, Kunz B, Hess K, Knott G, S Mesquita F, Hatzimanikatis V, van der Goot FG. Dynamics of CLIMP-63 S-acylation control ER morphology. Nat Commun 2023; 14:264. [PMID: 36650170 PMCID: PMC9844198 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35921-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The complex architecture of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) comprises distinct dynamic features, many at the nanoscale, that enable the coexistence of the nuclear envelope, regions of dense sheets and a branched tubular network that spans the cytoplasm. A key player in the formation of ER sheets is cytoskeleton-linking membrane protein 63 (CLIMP-63). The mechanisms by which CLIMP-63 coordinates ER structure remain elusive. Here, we address the impact of S-acylation, a reversible post-translational lipid modification, on CLIMP-63 cellular distribution and function. Combining native mass-spectrometry, with kinetic analysis of acylation and deacylation, and data-driven mathematical modelling, we obtain in-depth understanding of the CLIMP-63 life cycle. In the ER, it assembles into trimeric units. These occasionally exit the ER to reach the plasma membrane. However, the majority undergoes S-acylation by ZDHHC6 in the ER where they further assemble into highly stable super-complexes. Using super-resolution microscopy and focused ion beam electron microscopy, we show that CLIMP-63 acylation-deacylation controls the abundance and fenestration of ER sheets. Overall, this study uncovers a dynamic lipid post-translational regulation of ER architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A Sandoz
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Laurence Abrami
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luciano A Abriata
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Modelling, Institute of Bioengineering, EPFL and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Protein Production and Structure Core Facility, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Sylvia Ho
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Béatrice Kunz
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kathryn Hess
- Brain Mind Institute, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Graham Knott
- BioEM Facility, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
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3
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Kunz B, Rückbeil O, Krüger CM. [Unusual injury pattern after sharp violence]. Chirurgie (Heidelb) 2022; 93:1166-1168. [PMID: 35819479 DOI: 10.1007/s00104-022-01681-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B Kunz
- Abteilung für Chirurgie, Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf, Seebad 82-83, 15562, Rüdersdorf bei Berlin, Deutschland.
| | - O Rückbeil
- Abteilung für Chirurgie, Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf, Seebad 82-83, 15562, Rüdersdorf bei Berlin, Deutschland
| | - C M Krüger
- Abteilung für Chirurgie, Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf, Seebad 82-83, 15562, Rüdersdorf bei Berlin, Deutschland
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4
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Mesquita FS, Abrami L, Sergeeva O, Turelli P, Qing E, Kunz B, Raclot C, Paz Montoya J, Abriata LA, Gallagher T, Dal Peraro M, Trono D, D'Angelo G, van der Goot FG. S-acylation controls SARS-CoV-2 membrane lipid organization and enhances infectivity. Dev Cell 2021; 56:2790-2807.e8. [PMID: 34599882 PMCID: PMC8486083 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 virions are surrounded by a lipid bilayer that contains membrane proteins such as spike, responsible for target-cell binding and virus fusion. We found that during SARS-CoV-2 infection, spike becomes lipid modified, through the sequential action of the S-acyltransferases ZDHHC20 and 9. Particularly striking is the rapid acylation of spike on 10 cytosolic cysteines within the ER and Golgi. Using a combination of computational, lipidomics, and biochemical approaches, we show that this massive lipidation controls spike biogenesis and degradation, and drives the formation of localized ordered cholesterol and sphingolipid-rich lipid nanodomains in the early Golgi, where viral budding occurs. Finally, S-acylation of spike allows the formation of viruses with enhanced fusion capacity. Our study points toward S-acylating enzymes and lipid biosynthesis enzymes as novel therapeutic anti-viral targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laurence Abrami
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Oksana Sergeeva
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Priscilla Turelli
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Enya Qing
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Béatrice Kunz
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Charlène Raclot
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Paz Montoya
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luciano A Abriata
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tom Gallagher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Matteo Dal Peraro
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Didier Trono
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni D'Angelo
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
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5
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Ring J, Worm M, Wollenberg A, Thyssen JP, Jakob T, Klimek L, Bangert C, Barbarot S, Bieber T, de Bruin-Weller MS, Chernyshov PV, Christen-Zaech S, Cork M, Darsow U, Flohr C, Fölster-Holst R, Gelmetti C, Gieler U, Gutermuth J, Heratizadeh A, Hijnen DJ, von Kobyletzki LB, Kunz B, Paul C, De Raeve L, Seneschal J, Simon D, Spuls PI, Stalder JF, Svensson A, Szalai Z, Taieb A, Torrelo A, Trzeciak M, Vestergaard C, Werfel T, Weidinger S, Deleuran M. Risk of severe allergic reactions to COVID-19 vaccines among patients with allergic skin diseases - practical recommendations. A position statement of ETFAD with external experts. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 35:e362-e365. [PMID: 33752263 PMCID: PMC8250791 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Ring
- Department Dermatology Allergy Biederstein, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - M Worm
- Divison Allergy and Immunology, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Wollenberg
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - J P Thyssen
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T Jakob
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Giessen-Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - L Klimek
- Allergy Center Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - C Bangert
- Department of Dermatology University, Vienna, Austria
| | - S Barbarot
- Department of Dermatology, Nantes Université, CHU Nantes UMR 1280 PhAN, INRAE, Nantes, France
| | - T Bieber
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - M S de Bruin-Weller
- National Expertise Center of Atopic Dermatitis, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - P V Chernyshov
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, National Medical University, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - S Christen-Zaech
- Pediatric Dermatology Unit, Departments of Dermatology and Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Cork
- Sheffield Dermatology Research. Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - U Darsow
- Department Dermatology Allergy Biederstein, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - C Flohr
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London and Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - R Fölster-Holst
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Venereology and Allergology, Kiel, Germany
| | - C Gelmetti
- Unit of Pediatric Dermatology, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - U Gieler
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Giessen-Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - J Gutermuth
- Department of Dermatology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZB), Free University of Brussels (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Heratizadeh
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - D J Hijnen
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L B von Kobyletzki
- Faculty of Medicine, University Healthcare Research Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - B Kunz
- Dermatologikum Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - C Paul
- Department of Dermatology, Toulouse University, Toulouse, France
| | - L De Raeve
- Department of Dermatology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZB), Free University of Brussels (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - J Seneschal
- Department of Adult and Pediatric Dermatology, CHU Bordeaux, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - D Simon
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - P I Spuls
- Department of Dermatology. Amsterdam Public Health/Infection and Immunology, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J F Stalder
- Department of Dermatology, Nantes Université, CHU Nantes UMR 1280 PhAN, INRAE, Nantes, France
| | - A Svensson
- Department of Dermatology, Skane University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Z Szalai
- Department of Dermatology of Heim, Pál National Children's Institute Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - A Taieb
- Department of Adult and Pediatric Dermatology, CHU Bordeaux, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - A Torrelo
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Infantil Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Trzeciak
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology Medical, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - C Vestergaard
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - T Werfel
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - S Weidinger
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Venereology and Allergology, Kiel, Germany
| | - M Deleuran
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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6
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Thyssen JP, Vestergaard C, Barbarot S, de Bruin-Weller MS, Bieber T, Taieb A, Seneschal J, Cork MJ, Paul C, Flohr C, Weidinger S, Trzeciak M, Werfel T, Heratizadeh A, Darsow U, Simon D, Torrelo A, Chernyshov PV, Stalder JF, Gelmetti C, Szalai Z, Svensson Å, von Kobyletzki LB, De Raeve L, Fölster-Holst R, Christen-Zaech S, Hijnen DJ, Gieler U, Gutermuth J, Bangert C, Spuls PI, Kunz B, Ring J, Wollenberg A, Deleuran M. European Task Force on Atopic Dermatitis: position on vaccination of adult patients with atopic dermatitis against COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) being treated with systemic medication and biologics. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 35:e308-e311. [PMID: 33587756 PMCID: PMC8014632 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J P Thyssen
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C Vestergaard
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - S Barbarot
- Department of Dermatology, Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, UMR 1280 PhAN, INRAE, Nantes, France
| | - M S de Bruin-Weller
- National Expertise Center of Atopic Dermatitis, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - T Bieber
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - A Taieb
- Department of Adult and Pediatric Dermatology, CHU Bordeaux, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - J Seneschal
- Department of Adult and Pediatric Dermatology, CHU Bordeaux, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - M J Cork
- Sheffield Dermatology Research. Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - C Paul
- Department of Dermatology, Toulouse University, Toulouse, France
| | - C Flohr
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London and Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - S Weidinger
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - M Trzeciak
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - T Werfel
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - A Heratizadeh
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - U Darsow
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - D Simon
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - A Torrelo
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Infantil Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
| | - P V Chernyshov
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, National Medical University, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - J-F Stalder
- Department of Dermatology, CHU, Nantes, France
| | - C Gelmetti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Head, Unit of Pediatric Dermatology, Milan, Italy
| | - Z Szalai
- Department of Dermatology of Heim, Pál National Children's Institute Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Å Svensson
- Department of Dermatology, Skane University hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - L B von Kobyletzki
- University Healthcare Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - L De Raeve
- Department of Dermatology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZB), Free University of Brussels (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - R Fölster-Holst
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University clinics of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - S Christen-Zaech
- Pediatric Dermatology Unit, Departments of Dermatology and Pediatrics, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - D J Hijnen
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - U Gieler
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - J Gutermuth
- Department of Dermatology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZB), Free University of Brussels (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - C Bangert
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - P I Spuls
- Department of Dermatology. Amsterdam Public Health/Infection and Immunology, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B Kunz
- Dermatologikum Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Ring
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - A Wollenberg
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany.,Department of Dermatology I, München Klinik Thalkirchner Strasse, Munich, Germany
| | - M Deleuran
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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7
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Wollenberg A, Christen‐Zäch S, Taieb A, Paul C, Thyssen J, Bruin‐Weller M, Vestergaard C, Seneschal J, Werfel T, Cork M, Kunz B, Fölster‐Holst R, Trzeciak M, Darsow U, Szalai Z, Deleuran M, Kobyletzki L, Barbarot S, Heratizadeh A, Gieler U, Hijnen D, Weidinger S, De Raeve L, Svensson Å, Simon D, Stalder J, Ring J. ETFAD/EADV Eczema task force 2020 position paper on diagnosis and treatment of atopic dermatitis in adults and children. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34:2717-2744. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Wollenberg
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Ludwig‐Maximilian‐University Munich Germany
| | - S. Christen‐Zäch
- Pediatric Dermatology Unit Departments of Dermatology and Pediatrics Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois Lausanne Switzerland
| | - A. Taieb
- University of Bordeaux Bordeaux France
| | - C. Paul
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Toulouse University and CHU Toulouse France
| | - J.P. Thyssen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Herlev‐Gentofte HospitalUniversity of Copenhagen Hellerup Denmark
| | - M. Bruin‐Weller
- National Expertise Center for Atopic Dermatitis Department of Dermatology and Allergology University Medical Center Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - C. Vestergaard
- Department of Dermatology Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark
| | - J. Seneschal
- Department of Dermatology National Reference Center for Rare Skin Diseases Bordeaux University Hospitals Bordeaux France
| | - T. Werfel
- Division of Immunodermatology and Allergy Research Department of Dermatology and Allergy Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany
| | - M.J. Cork
- Sheffield Dermatology Research IICDUniversity of Sheffield UK
| | - B. Kunz
- Dermatologikum Hamburg Hamburg Germany
| | - R. Fölster‐Holst
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy University Hospital Schleswig‐Holstein Kiel Germany
| | - M. Trzeciak
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology Medical University of Gdansk Gdansk Poland
| | - U. Darsow
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein Technische Universität München Munich Germany
- ZAUM – Center of Allergy & Environment Munich Germany
| | - Z. Szalai
- Department of Dermatology Heim Pál National Children’s Institute Budapest Hungary
| | - M. Deleuran
- Department of Dermatology Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark
| | - L. Kobyletzki
- School of Medical Sciences Lund University Malmö Sweden
- School of Medical Sciences Örebro University Örebro Sweden
| | - S. Barbarot
- Department of Dermatology CHU Nantes UMR 1280 PhAN INRA, F‐44000 Nantes Université Nantes France
| | - A. Heratizadeh
- Division of Immunodermatology and Allergy Research Department of Dermatology and Allergy Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany
| | - U. Gieler
- Department of Dermatology University of Gießen and Marburg GmbH Gießen Germany
| | - D.J. Hijnen
- Department of Dermatology Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - S. Weidinger
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy University Hospital Schleswig‐Holstein Kiel Germany
| | - L. De Raeve
- Department of Dermatology Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZB)Free University of Brussels (VUB) Brussels Belgium
| | - Å. Svensson
- Department of Dermatology Skane University Hospital Malmö Sweden
| | - D. Simon
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital Bern University Hospital University of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | - J.F. Stalder
- Department of Dermatology CHU Nantes UMR 1280 PhAN INRAE, F‐44000 Nantes Université Nantes France
| | - J. Ring
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein Technische Universität München Munich Germany
- Christiane‐Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐Care) Davos Switzerland
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8
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Wollenberg A, Flohr C, Simon D, Cork M, Thyssen J, Bieber T, Bruin‐Weller M, Weidinger S, Deleuran M, Taieb A, Paul C, Trzeciak M, Werfel T, Seneschal J, Barbarot S, Darsow U, Torrelo A, Stalder J, Svensson Å, Hijnen D, Gelmetti C, Szalai Z, Gieler U, De Raeve L, Kunz B, Spuls P, Kobyletzki L, Fölster‐Holst R, Chernyshov P, Christen‐Zaech S, Heratizadeh A, Ring J, Vestergaard C. European Task Force on Atopic Dermatitis statement on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐Cov‐2) infection and atopic dermatitis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34:e241-e242. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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9
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Vestergaard C, Wollenberg A, Barbarot S, Christen-Zaech S, Deleuran M, Spuls P, Flohr C, Trzeciak M, von Kobyletzki L, Seneschal J, Paul C, Bieber T, Werfel T, Fölster-Holst R, Darsow U, Gieler U, Svensson Å, Cork M, Stalder JF, De Raeve L, Kunz B, Simon D, Chernyshov P, Hijnen D, Gelmetti C, Ring J, Taieb A, de Bruin-Weller M, Thyssen JP. European task force on atopic dermatitis position paper: treatment of parental atopic dermatitis during preconception, pregnancy and lactation period. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019; 33:1644-1659. [PMID: 31231864 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disease that affects both children and adults, including a large number of adults of reproductive age. Several guidelines for the treatment of AD exist, yet specific recommendations for the treatment of pregnant or lactating women and for adults planning to have a child are often lacking. This position paper from the European Task force on Atopic Dermatitis (ETFAD) is based on up-to-date scientific literature on treating pregnant and lactating women as wells as adults with AD planning to have a child. It is based on the expert opinions of members of the ETFAD and on existing safety data on the proposed treatments, many of which are derived from patients with other inflammatory diseases or from transplantation medicine. For treating future parents, as well as pregnant and lactating women with AD, the use of topical treatments including moisturizers, topical corticosteroids, tacrolimus, antiseptics such as chlorhexidine, octenidine, potassium permanganate and sodium hypochlorite (bleach) is deemed to be safe. Ultraviolet (UV) therapy may also be used. Systemic treatment should be prescribed only after careful consideration. According to the opinion of the ETFAD, treatment should be restricted to systemic corticosteroids and cyclosporine A, and, in selected cases, azathioprine.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Vestergaard
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - A Wollenberg
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany.,Hautklinik Thalkirchner Straße, Staedtisches Klinikum Muenchen, Muenchen, Germany
| | - S Barbarot
- Department of Dermatology, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - S Christen-Zaech
- Pediatric Dermatology Unit, Departments of Dermatology and Pediatrics, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Deleuran
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - P Spuls
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam Public Health, Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Flohr
- St. Johns Institute of Dermatology, Kings College and Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - M Trzeciak
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - J Seneschal
- Department of dermatology, INSERM, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - C Paul
- Department of Dermatology, Larrey Hospital, Toulouse University, Toulouse, France
| | - T Bieber
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, and Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - T Werfel
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - R Fölster-Holst
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - U Darsow
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology Biederstein, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - U Gieler
- Department of Dermatology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Å Svensson
- Department of Dermatology, Lund University, Malmoe, Sweden
| | - M Cork
- Sheffield Dermatology Research, Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - J-F Stalder
- Department of Dermatology, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - L De Raeve
- Department of Dermatology, UZ Brussel, Free University of Brussels (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - B Kunz
- Dermatologikum, Hamburg, Germany
| | - D Simon
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - P Chernyshov
- Department of Dermatology, National Medical University, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - D Hijnen
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Gelmetti
- Department of Pediatric Dermatology, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - J Ring
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology Biederstein, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Christiane-Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-Care), Davos, Switzerland
| | - A Taieb
- Department of dermatology, INSERM, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - M de Bruin-Weller
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J P Thyssen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
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Abrami L, Dallavilla T, Sandoz PA, Demir M, Kunz B, Savoglidis G, Hatzimanikatis V, van der Goot FG. Identification and dynamics of the human ZDHHC16-ZDHHC6 palmitoylation cascade. eLife 2017; 6:27826. [PMID: 28826475 PMCID: PMC5582869 DOI: 10.7554/elife.27826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
S-Palmitoylation is the only reversible post-translational lipid modification. Knowledge about the DHHC palmitoyltransferase family is still limited. Here we show that human ZDHHC6, which modifies key proteins of the endoplasmic reticulum, is controlled by an upstream palmitoyltransferase, ZDHHC16, revealing the first palmitoylation cascade. The combination of site specific mutagenesis of the three ZDHHC6 palmitoylation sites, experimental determination of kinetic parameters and data-driven mathematical modelling allowed us to obtain detailed information on the eight differentially palmitoylated ZDHHC6 species. We found that species rapidly interconvert through the action of ZDHHC16 and the Acyl Protein Thioesterase APT2, that each species varies in terms of turnover rate and activity, altogether allowing the cell to robustly tune its ZDHHC6 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Abrami
- Global Health Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tiziano Dallavilla
- Global Health Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Computational Systems Biotechnology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrick A Sandoz
- Global Health Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mustafa Demir
- Global Health Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Béatrice Kunz
- Global Health Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Georgios Savoglidis
- Laboratory of Computational Systems Biotechnology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vassily Hatzimanikatis
- Laboratory of Computational Systems Biotechnology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - F Gisou van der Goot
- Global Health Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Bürgi J, Kunz B, Abrami L, Deuquet J, Piersigilli A, Scholl-Bürgi S, Lausch E, Unger S, Superti-Furga A, Bonaldo P, van der Goot FG. CMG2/ANTXR2 regulates extracellular collagen VI which accumulates in hyaline fibromatosis syndrome. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15861. [PMID: 28604699 PMCID: PMC5472780 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in capillary morphogenesis gene 2 (CMG2/ANTXR2), a transmembrane surface protein, cause hyaline fibromatosis syndrome (HFS), a severe genetic disorder that is characterized by large subcutaneous nodules, gingival hypertrophy and severe painful joint contracture. Here we show that CMG2 is an important regulator of collagen VI homoeostasis. CMG2 loss of function promotes accumulation of collagen VI in patients, leading in particular to nodule formation. Similarly, collagen VI accumulates massively in uteri of Antxr2-/- mice, which do not display changes in collagen gene expression, and leads to progressive fibrosis and sterility. Crossing Antxr2-/- with Col6a1-/- mice leads to restoration of uterine structure and reversion of female infertility. We also demonstrate that CMG2 may act as a signalling receptor for collagen VI and mediates its intracellular degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Bürgi
- Global Health Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Béatrice Kunz
- Global Health Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Laurence Abrami
- Global Health Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Julie Deuquet
- Global Health Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Alessandra Piersigilli
- Comparative Mouse Physiology Platform, Faculty of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Scholl-Bürgi
- Medical University of Innsbruck, Clinic for Pediatrics I, Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ekkehart Lausch
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79106, Germany
| | - Sheila Unger
- Division of Molecular Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Superti-Furga
- Division of Molecular Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Bonaldo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova 35122, Italy
| | - F. Gisou van der Goot
- Global Health Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
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Wollenberg A, Oranje A, Deleuran M, Simon D, Szalai Z, Kunz B, Svensson A, Barbarot S, von Kobyletzki L, Taieb A, de Bruin-Weller M, Werfel T, Trzeciak M, Vestergard C, Ring J, Darsow U. ETFAD/EADV Eczema task force 2015 position paper on diagnosis and treatment of atopic dermatitis in adult and paediatric patients. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2016; 30:729-47. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.13599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Wollenberg
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy; Ludwig-Maximilian-University; Munich Germany
| | - A. Oranje
- Department of Dermatology (Pediatric Dermatology and Hair); Dermicis Skin clinic; Alkmaar and Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - M. Deleuran
- Department of Dermatology; Aarhus University Hospital; Aarhus Denmark
| | - D. Simon
- Department of Dermatology; Inselspital; Bern University Hospital; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | - Z. Szalai
- Heim Pal Childrens Hospital; Budapest Hungary
| | - B. Kunz
- Dermatologikum; Hamburg Germany
| | - A. Svensson
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospital UMAS; Malmö Sweden
| | - S. Barbarot
- Department of Dermatology; University of Nantes; Nantes France
| | | | - A. Taieb
- Service de Dermatologie et Dermatologie Pédiatrique; Centre de référence pour les maladies rares de la peau; INSERM 1035; Université de Bordeaux; Talence France
| | - M. de Bruin-Weller
- Department of Dermatology; University of Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - T. Werfel
- Department of Dermatology; Hautklinik Linden; MHH; Hannover Germany
| | - M. Trzeciak
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology; Medical University of Gdansk; Gdansk Poland
| | - C. Vestergard
- Department of Dermatology; Aarhus University Hospital; Aarhus Denmark
| | - J. Ring
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein; Technische Universität München; Munich Germany
- Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE); Davos Switzerland
| | - U. Darsow
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein; Technische Universität München; Munich Germany
- ZAUM - Center of Allergy & Environment; Munich Germany
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Kunz B, Stec D, Hösl A, Dittrich S, Glöckler M. Kontraindikation für katheterinterventionelle RVOT-Erweiterung: atypische Versorgung der Pulmonalaterie über eine rechtskoronare Fistel bei Pulmonalatresie mit VSD. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1556020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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14
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Stalder JF, Barbarot S, Wollenberg A, Holm EA, De Raeve L, Seidenari S, Oranje A, Deleuran M, Cambazard F, Svensson A, Simon D, Benfeldt E, Reunala T, Mazereeuv J, Boralevi F, Kunz B, Misery L, Mortz CG, Darsow U, Gelmetti C, Diepgen T, Ring J, Moehrenschlager M, Gieler U, Taïeb A. Patient-Oriented SCORAD (PO-SCORAD): a new self-assessment scale in atopic dermatitis validated in Europe. Allergy 2011; 66:1114-21. [PMID: 21414011 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2011.02577.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient-oriented medicine is an emerging concept, encouraged by the World Health Organization, to greater involvement of the patient in the management of chronic diseases. The Patient-Oriented SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (PO-SCORAD) index is a self-assessment score allowing the patient to comprehensively evaluate the actual course of atopic dermatitis (AD), using subjective and objective criteria derived mainly from the SCORAD, a validated AD severity clinical assessment tool. OBJECTIVES To validate the PO-SCORAD index in a large European population of patients exhibiting all forms of AD severity by assessing its correlation with the SCORAD index. PATIENTS/METHODS Four hundred and seventy-one patients (185 adults, 286 children) consulting for AD in hospitals from 9 European countries were recruited. The investigators and the patients used the SCORAD and PO-SCORAD scales, respectively, to assess AD severity at inclusion (D0) and 28 ± 7 days later (D28). RESULTS Patient-Oriented SCORing Atopic Dermatitis and SCORAD scores were significantly correlated at D0 [r = 0.67 (95% CI: 0.62; 0.72), P < 0.0001]. Consistency was confirmed at D28, with a stronger linear correlation between both scales [r = 0.79 (95% CI: 0.75; 0.83), P < 0.0001]. Absolute changes from baseline in SCORAD and PO-SCORAD scores were also significantly correlated [r= 0.71 (95% CI: 0.64; 0.76), P < 0.0001]. Although no specific intervention was investigated, AD improved over the study, with a decrease of PO-SCORAD and SCORAD scores from D0 to D28 by -19.19% and -24.39%, respectively. The consistency of the correlations was similar in the adult and children groups. CONCLUSIONS This study validated the use of PO-SCORAD to self-assess AD severity and demonstrated its good correlation with SCORAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-F Stalder
- Department of Dermatology, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France.
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Gehrmann S, Sauer K, Kunz B. Nutzung chemisch hydrolysierter Tiermehle als Stickstoffquelle in Kultivierungsmedien für Lactobacillus rhamnosus. CHEM-ING-TECH 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201050382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Wiewiora M, Kunz B. Nutzung mikrobieller Reststoffe als alternative Nährstoffquelle. CHEM-ING-TECH 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201050220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Kunz B, Creem-Regehr SH, Thompson WB. Perceptual-motor recalibration of imagined walking. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/6.6.423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Abrami L, Bischofberger M, Kunz B, Groux R, van der Goot FG. Endocytosis of the anthrax toxin is mediated by clathrin, actin and unconventional adaptors. PLoS Pathog 2010; 6:e1000792. [PMID: 20221438 PMCID: PMC2832758 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2009] [Accepted: 01/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The anthrax toxin is a tripartite toxin, where the two enzymatic subunits require the third subunit, the protective antigen (PA), to interact with cells and be escorted to their cytoplasmic targets. PA binds to cells via one of two receptors, TEM8 and CMG2. Interestingly, the toxin times and triggers its own endocytosis, in particular through the heptamerization of PA. Here we show that PA triggers the ubiquitination of its receptors in a β-arrestin-dependent manner and that this step is required for clathrin-mediated endocytosis. In addition, we find that endocytosis is dependent on the heterotetrameric adaptor AP-1 but not the more conventional AP-2. Finally, we show that endocytosis of PA is strongly dependent on actin. Unexpectedly, actin was also found to be essential for efficient heptamerization of PA, but only when bound to one of its 2 receptors, TEM8, due to the active organization of TEM8 into actin-dependent domains. Endocytic pathways are highly modular systems. Here we identify some of the key players that allow efficient heptamerization of PA and subsequent ubiquitin-dependent, clathrin-mediated endocytosis of the anthrax toxin. Bacillus anthracis is the bacterium responsible for the anthrax disease. Its virulence is mainly due to 2 factors, the anthrax toxin and the anti-phagocytic capsule. This toxin is composed of three independent polypeptide chains. Two of these have enzymatic activity and are responsible for the effects of the toxin. The third has no activity but is absolutely required to bring the 2 enzymatic subunits into the cell where they act. If one blocks entry into the cells, one blocks the effects of these toxins, which is why it is important to understand how the toxin enters into the cell at the molecular level. Here we identified various molecules that are involved in efficiently bringing the toxin into the cell. First, we found that the actin cytoskeleton plays an important role in organizing one of the two anthrax toxin receptors at the cell surface. Second, we found a cytosolic protein, β-arrestin, that is required to modify the intracellular part of the toxin receptor, to allow uptake. Finally, we directly show, for the first time, that anthrax toxin uptake is mediated by the so-called clathrin-dependent pathway, a very modular entry pathway, but that the toxin utilizes this pathway in an unconventional way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Abrami
- Global Health Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Faculty of Life Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mirko Bischofberger
- Global Health Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Faculty of Life Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Béatrice Kunz
- Global Health Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Faculty of Life Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Romain Groux
- Global Health Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Faculty of Life Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - F. Gisou van der Goot
- Global Health Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Faculty of Life Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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Kunz B. Biotechnological production of food flavors. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/08905439009549720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Kunz
- a Fraunhofer‐Institut of Food Process Engineering and Packaging Munich and University Bonn , Römerstraße 164, Bonn , 5300
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Abrami L, Kunz B, Deuquet J, Bafico A, Davidson G, van der Goot FG. Functional interactions between anthrax toxin receptors and the WNT signalling protein LRP6. Cell Microbiol 2008; 10:2509-19. [PMID: 18717822 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2008.01226.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
To exert its activity, anthrax toxin must be endocytosed and its enzymatic toxic subunits delivered to the cytoplasm. It has been proposed that, in addition to the anthrax toxin receptors (ATRs), lipoprotein-receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6), known for its role in Wnt signalling, is also required for toxin endocytosis. These findings have however been challenged. We show that LRP6 can indeed form a complex with ATRs, and that this interaction plays a role both in Wnt signalling and in anthrax toxin endocytosis. We found that ATRs control the levels of LRP6 in cells, and thus the Wnt signalling capacity. RNAi against ATRs indeed led to a drastic decrease in LRP6 levels and a subsequent drop in Wnt signalling. Conversely, LRP6 plays a role in anthrax toxin endocytosis, but is not essential. We indeed found that toxin binding triggered tyrosine phosphorylation of LRP6, induced its redistribution into detergent-resistant domains, and its subsequent endocytosis. RNAis against LRP6 strongly delayed toxin endocytosis. As the physiological role of ATRs is probably to interact with the extracellular matrix, our findings raise the interesting possibility that, through the ATR-LRP6 interaction, adhesion to the extracellular matrix could locally control Wnt signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Abrami
- Global Health Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 15, CH 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Amatruda T, Coombes S, Greenberg J, Kunz B, Larsen Haidle J, Lian F, Marty D, Niendorf K. Systematic genetic risk assessment for breast cancer patients in a community oncology practice. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.22172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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22
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Kopatz A, Kunz B. Nutzung von stabilen Agglomeraten zur Wasserbindung. CHEM-ING-TECH 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.200700038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Oranje AP, Devillers ACA, Kunz B, Jones SL, DeRaeve L, Van Gysel D, de Waard-van der Spek FB, Grimalt R, Torrelo A, Stevens J, Harper J. Treatment of patients with atopic dermatitis using wet-wrap dressings with diluted steroids and/or emollients. An expert panel's opinion and review of the literature. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2006; 20:1277-86. [PMID: 17062046 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2006.01790.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of dampened bandages to reduce inflamed eczema (synonyme dermatitis) is an old remedy. In order to evaluate the current indications for so-called wet-wrap treatment (WWT) for atopic dermatitis (AD), and to compare the different currently recognized methods, a group of experts critically reviewed their own expertise on WWT in respect to the existing literature on the subject. RESULTS WWT is well tolerated in eczema due to the cooling effect on the skin and the rapid improvement in skin inflammation. It has been shown to be an extremely effective treatment for acute erythrodermic dermatitis, therapy-resistant AD and intolerable pruritus. Advantages of WWT include rapid response to therapy, reduction in itch and sleep disturbance, and potential for reduction in usage of topical corticosteroids (TCS). However, disadvantages include high cost, the necessity for special training in usage, potential for increased TCS absorption, increased cutaneous infections and folliculitis, and poor tolerability. Precautions to reduce the risks of long-term treatment should include education, monitoring of weight and height and, if necessary, serum cortisol levels. In adolescents the risk of striae from TCS absorption around puberty is high, and WWT with TCS in this age group should be used as a short-term therapy only and with extreme caution. To reduce risks, dilutions of steroids may be used ranging from 5 to 10%. In the maintenance phase this treatment can be rotated with the use of emollients only. Low potency TCS should be used on the face (with a mask). CONCLUSION WWT using diluted steroids is a relatively safe addition to the therapeutic treatment options for children and adults with severe and/or refractory AD. Explanation and education is extremely important in the treatment of AD and WWT should only be employed by practitioners trained in its use. Specialized nursing care is essential, especially when using WWT for prolonged periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Oranje
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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Kunz B, Hempel K, Glover K. Charakterisierung von Slurry- Fermentationsprozessen als Grundlage für die mathematische Modellierung. CHEM-ING-TECH 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.200406177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Ioannidis V, Kunz B, Tanamachi DM, Scarpellino L, Held W. Initiation and limitation of Ly-49A NK cell receptor acquisition by T cell factor-1. J Immunol 2003; 171:769-75. [PMID: 12847244 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.171.2.769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The establishment of clonally variable expression of MHC class I-specific receptors by NK cells is not well understood. The Ly-49A receptor is used by approximately 20% of NK cells, whereby most cells express either the maternal or paternal allele and few express simultaneously both alleles. We have previously shown that NK cells expressing Ly-49A were reduced or almost absent in mice harboring a single or no functional allele of the transcription factor T cell factor-1 (TCF-1), respectively. In this study, we show that enforced expression of TCF-1 in transgenic mice yields an expanded Ly-49A subset. Even though the frequencies of Ly-49A(+) NK cells varied as a function of the TCF-1 dosage, the relative abundance of mono- and biallelic Ly-49A cells was maintained. Mono- and biallelic Ly-49A NK cells were also observed in mice expressing exclusively a transgenic TCF-1, i.e., expressing a fixed amount of TCF-1 in all NK cells. These findings suggest that Ly-49A acquisition is a stochastic event due to limiting TCF-1 availability, rather than the consequence of clonally variable expression of the endogenous TCF-1 locus. Efficient Ly-49A acquisition depended on the expression of a TCF-1 isoform, which included a domain known to associate with the TCF-1 coactivator beta-catenin. Indeed, the proximal Ly-49A promoter was beta-catenin responsive in reporter gene assays. We thus propose that Ly-49A receptor expression is induced from a single allele in occasional NK cells due to a limitation in the amount of a transcription factor complex requiring TCF-1.
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MESH Headings
- Alleles
- Animals
- Antigens, Ly/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Ly/genetics
- Antigens, Ly/metabolism
- Cytoskeletal Proteins/genetics
- Cytoskeletal Proteins/metabolism
- Cytoskeletal Proteins/physiology
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- DNA-Binding Proteins/physiology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic
- Gene Expression Regulation/immunology
- Gene Rearrangement/immunology
- Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1-alpha
- Humans
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Lectins, C-Type
- Lymphoid Enhancer-Binding Factor 1
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Mice, Transgenic
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/immunology
- Protein Isoforms/genetics
- Protein Isoforms/metabolism
- Protein Isoforms/physiology
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Receptors, NK Cell Lectin-Like
- T Cell Transcription Factor 1
- Trans-Activators/genetics
- Trans-Activators/metabolism
- Trans-Activators/physiology
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Transcription Factors/physiology
- Transfection
- beta Catenin
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassilios Ioannidis
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
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Schwenzer K, Holberg C, Hagenmaier C, Bacher M, Kunz B, Cornelius CP, Schwenzer N, Ehrenfeld M. [Positioning of the premaxilla in cases of bilateral cleft lip, alveolus and palate using Latham's appliance]. Mund Kiefer Gesichtschir 2003; 7:25-30. [PMID: 12556982 DOI: 10.1007/s10006-002-0438-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED SUBJECT MATTER: In cases of bilateral cleft lip, alveolus and palate, preoperative positioning of the premaxilla using Latham's appliance has been described. This method is controversial, since it may cause growth defects. PATIENTS AND METHODS From 1992 to 2000, Latham's appliance was inserted preoperatively into 20 patients with bilateral lip, alveolus and palate clefts with extreme premaxillary protrusion. Pin fixation ensued at the age of 3 months. After adjustment of the premaxilla, the soft palate was closed and bilateral lip adhesion as well as bilateral gingivoperiosteoplasty were performed directly after the removal of the appliance. Final lip closure took place 4-6 weeks later. At the age of 2 years, the hard palate was closed. Evaluation was based on combined face-maxilla models, standard photographs and, when available, lateral skull x-rays showing the relative position of the segments, the influence of Latham's appliance on the nasal septum and the relation of the upper jaw to the skull base and mandibula. RESULTS In all cases, a satisfactory alveolar alignment was achieved; thickening and curvature of the nasal septum occurred but receded. Neither growth disturbances nor dental germ damage were seen. In two cases, complications arose from suture dehiscence of the lip adhesion: in one patient, a screw defect caused a loosening of the appliance and there was also a transmigration of the postpremaxillary pin. CONCLUSIONS On the basis of our experience, the use of Latham's appliance, combined with consistent orthodontic supervision and, if necessary, treatment, represents a practical option for the treatment of bilateral cleft lip, alveolus and palate, especially in cases with extreme protrusion of the premaxilla.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Schwenzer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie, Klinikum Innenstadt, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich.
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Stefer B, Schilling M, Kunz B. A pervaporation-bio-hybridreactor (PBHR) for improved aroma biosynthesis with submerged culture of Ceratocystis fimbriata. Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci 2003; 68:247-52. [PMID: 15296172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
In the present study a Pervaporation-bio-hybridreactor was investigated for the improved biotechnological production of volatile flavour compounds. The mixture of esters and alcohols produced by the fungus Ceratocystis fimbriata had a fruity, banana-like odour and can legally be defined as "natural flavour". Increasing consumer demand and high market prices make the production of bioflavours an attractive alternative to chemical synthesises. However, the yield of biotechnological flavour production is often very low due to product inhibition. In situ product-removal processes can yield higher productivities by preventing product inhibition. A bioreactor with an integrated pervaporation membrane was used to determine the effects of in-situ product removal on the metabolic productivity of C. fimbriata. Fed-batch fermentations with and without integrated product removal were conducted and the performance of the processes in terms of productivities was compared. Improved productivities were observed for all products. Figure 1a and 1b show the increased amount of product gained through the application of the PBHR with fed-batch fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Stefer
- Department of Food Technology, University of Bonn, Germany.
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Ditgens B, Laufenberg G, Kunz B, White D. Aufbereitung wässriger Prozessströme mittels Reversosmose – Entwicklung von Stofftransportmodellen am Beispiel eines Abwassers aus der Lebensmittelindustrie. CHEM-ING-TECH 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/1522-2640(200204)74:4<432::aid-cite432>3.0.co;2-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Abstract
NK cell function is regulated by a dual receptor system, which integrates signals from triggering receptors and MHC class I-specific inhibitory receptors. We show here that the src family kinase Fyn is required for efficient, NK cell-mediated lysis of target cells, which lack both self-MHC class I molecules and ligands for NKG2D, an activating NK cell receptor. In contrast, NK cell inhibition by the MHC class I-specific receptor Ly49A was independent of Fyn, suggesting that Fyn is specifically required for NK cell activation via non-MHC receptor(s). Compared to wild type, significantly fewer Fyn-deficient NK cells expressed the inhibitory Ly49A receptor. The presence of a transgenic Ly49A receptor together with its H-2(d) ligand strongly reduced the usage of endogenous Ly49 receptors in Fyn-deficient mice. These data suggest a model in which the repertoire of inhibitory Ly49 receptors is formed under the influenced of Fyn-dependent NK cell activation as well as the respective MHC class I environment. NK cells may acquire Ly49 receptors until they generate sufficient inhibitory signals to balance their activation levels. Such a process would ensure the induction of NK cell self-tolerance.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Ly/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Ly/immunology
- CHO Cells
- Carrier Proteins/biosynthesis
- Carrier Proteins/immunology
- Cricetinae
- Cricetulus
- Crosses, Genetic
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- H-2 Antigens/immunology
- Histocompatibility Antigen H-2D
- Killer Cells, Lymphokine-Activated/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Lectins, C-Type
- Lymphocyte Activation/physiology
- Lymphocyte Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase p56(lck)/antagonists & inhibitors
- Lymphocyte Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase p56(lck)/deficiency
- Lymphocyte Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase p56(lck)/genetics
- Lymphocyte Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase p56(lck)/physiology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/biosynthesis
- Membrane Glycoproteins/classification
- Membrane Glycoproteins/immunology
- Membrane Proteins/biosynthesis
- Membrane Proteins/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Mice, Transgenic
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily A
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/deficiency
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/physiology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fyn
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- Receptors, Immunologic/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Immunologic/immunology
- Receptors, Immunologic/physiology
- Receptors, NK Cell Lectin-Like
- Receptors, Natural Killer Cell
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/physiology
- Self Tolerance/physiology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Bente Lowin-Kropf
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the test-retest-reliability and validity of the Health Kinesiology muscle test. PATIENTS Seven patients with clinically and allergologically confirmed wasp venom allergy. DESIGN Four Health Kinesiology-examiners tested each patient in a random order for 10 verum and 10 placebo bottles. All examiners used the anterior deltoid as indicator muscle. Patients and examiners were completely blinded. OUTCOME MEASURES Weak muscle holds were rated as 'sensitivity' towards the test substance, stable holding as normal (not sensitive). RESULTS An overall kappa of 0.03 (95%-CI: -0.02-0.07) indicates the test is not reliable. Individual kappas do not substantially vary from examiner to examiner. Sensitivity and specificity were estimated at 40% and 60%. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the use of Health Kinesiology as a diagnostic tool is not more useful than random guessing. This should at least be true in patients with insect venom allergy that are tested by examiners with average skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lüdtke
- Karl und Veronica Carstens-Stiftung, Essen, Germany.
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Kunz B, Held W. Positive and negative roles of the trans-acting T cell factor-1 for the acquisition of distinct Ly-49 MHC class I receptors by NK cells. J Immunol 2001; 166:6181-7. [PMID: 11342639 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.166.10.6181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Members of the Ly-49 gene family code for class I MHC-specific receptors that regulate NK cell function. Due to a combinatorial distribution of Ly-49 receptors, NK cells display considerable clonal heterogeneity. The acquisition of one Ly-49 receptor, Ly-49A is strictly dependent on the transcriptional trans-acting factor T cell-specific factor-1 (TCF-1). Indeed, TCF-1 binds to two sites in the Ly-49a promoter and regulates its activity, suggesting that the Ly-49a gene is a direct TCF-1 target. TCF-1 deficiency resulted in the altered usage of additional Ly-49 receptors. We show in this study, using TCF-1 beta(2)-microglobulin double-deficient mice, that these repertoire alterations are not due to Ly-49/MHC class I interactions. Our findings rather suggest a TCF-1-dependent, cell autonomous effect on the acquisition of multiple Ly-49 receptors. Besides reduced receptor usage (Ly-49A and D), we also observed no effect (Ly-49C) and significantly expanded (Ly-49G and I) receptor usage in the absence of TCF-1. These effects did not in all cases correlate with the presence of TCF binding sites in the respective proximal promoter. Therefore, besides TCF-1 binding to the proximal promoter, Ly-49 acquisition may also be regulated by TCF-1 binding to more distant cis-acting elements and/or by regulating the expression of additional trans-acting factors. Consistent with the observed differential, positive or negative role of TCF-1 for Ly-49 receptor acquisition, reporter gene assays revealed the presence of an inducing as well as a repressing TCF site in certain proximal Ly-49 promoters. These findings reveal an important role of TCF-1 for the formation of the NK cell receptor repertoire.
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MESH Headings
- 5' Untranslated Regions/analysis
- 5' Untranslated Regions/isolation & purification
- Animals
- Antigens, Ly
- Base Sequence
- Binding Sites/genetics
- Binding Sites/immunology
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- DNA-Binding Proteins/deficiency
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/physiology
- Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1-alpha
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/genetics
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/metabolism
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Lectins, C-Type
- Lymphoid Enhancer-Binding Factor 1
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Peptide Fragments/genetics
- Peptide Fragments/metabolism
- Peptide Fragments/physiology
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/immunology
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Receptors, NK Cell Lectin-Like
- T Cell Transcription Factor 1
- Transcription Factors/deficiency
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/physiology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kunz
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
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Mouratou B, Gramatikova S, Kunz B, Christen P. Amino acid sequences and hapten binding of catalytic and noncatalytic antibodies against N(alpha)-(5'-phosphopyridoxyl)-L-lysine. Mol Immunol 2000; 37:633-40. [PMID: 11164891 DOI: 10.1016/s0161-5890(00)00090-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Upon immunization with a transition-state analog, only a minority of the hapten-binding antibodies will possess catalytic activity, which will vary in efficacy and substrate specificity. Here, the amino acid sequences of the variable domains of two pyridoxal-5'-phosphate-dependent catalytic and five noncatalytic hapten-binding antibodies raised by immunization with protein-conjugated N(alpha)-(5'-phosphopyridoxyl)-L-lysine (Gramatikova, S., Christen, P., 1997. J. Biol. Chem. 272, 9779-9784) were determined by sequencing their cDNAs. The analysis revealed that the light chains of this set of antibodies were closely related (pairwise identity 65-80%), whereas the heavy chains could be traced back to two different but related groups (intergroup identity 50-54%). The majority of the antibodies proved not to be clonally related, a finding which correlates with their differences in enantiomeric selectivity in ligand binding and reaction specificity. Only one noncatalytic antibody was found to be clonally related with a catalytic antibody, the sequence identity being >95% in both the V(H) and V(L) domains. The complementarity-determining regions were invariably abundant in tyrosine residues. Nitration of three to four tyrosine residues with tetranitromethane abolished hapten binding and catalytic activity. Partial protection by pyridoxal-5'-phosphate against inactivation suggested the presence of functionally important tyrosine residues in the binding sites of the antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Mouratou
- Biochemisches Institut der Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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Lowin-Kropf B, Kunz B, Beermann F, Held W. Impaired natural killing of MHC class I-deficient targets by NK cells expressing a catalytically inactive form of SHP-1. J Immunol 2000; 165:1314-21. [PMID: 10903732 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.165.3.1314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
NK cell function is negatively regulated by MHC class I-specific inhibitory receptors. Transduction of the inhibitory signal involves protein tyrosine phosphatases such as SHP-1 (SH2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-1). To investigate the role of SHP-1 for NK cell development and function, we generated mice expressing a catalytically inactive, dominant-negative mutant of SHP-1 (dnSHP-1). In this paper we show that expression of dnSHP-1 does not affect the generation of NK cells even though MHC receptor-mediated inhibition is partially impaired. Despite this defect, these NK cells do not kill syngeneic, normal target cells. In fact dnSHP-1-expressing NK cells are hyporesponsive toward MHC-deficient target cells, suggesting that non-MHC-specific NK cell activation is significantly reduced. In contrast, these NK cells mediate Ab-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and prevent the engraftment with beta2-microglobulin-deficient bone marrow cells. A similar NK cell phenotype is observed in viable motheaten (mev) mice, which show reduced SHP-1 activity due to a mutation in the Shp-1 gene. In addition, NK cells in both mouse strains show a tendency to express more inhibitory MHC-specific Ly49 receptors. Our results demonstrate the importance of SHP-1 for the generation of functional NK cells, which are able to react efficiently to the absence of MHC class I molecules from normal target cells. Therefore, SHP-1 may play an as-yet-unrecognized role in some NK cell activation pathways. Alternatively, a reduced capacity to transduce SHP-1-dependent inhibitory signals during NK cell development may be compensated by the down-modulation of NK cell triggering pathways.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Ly
- Bone Marrow Transplantation/immunology
- Catalysis
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Cell Line
- Crosses, Genetic
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/genetics
- Enzyme Activation/genetics
- Enzyme Activation/immunology
- Graft Rejection/genetics
- Graft Rejection/immunology
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/genetics
- Immunity, Innate/genetics
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
- Killer Cells, Natural/cytology
- Killer Cells, Natural/enzymology
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Lectins, C-Type
- Membrane Glycoproteins/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Mice, Transgenic
- Mutagenesis, Insertional
- Point Mutation
- Protein Phosphatase 1
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/biosynthesis
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/deficiency
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/genetics
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/metabolism
- Receptors, NK Cell Lectin-Like
- SH2 Domain-Containing Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases
- T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- beta 2-Microglobulin/deficiency
- beta 2-Microglobulin/genetics
- src Homology Domains/genetics
- src Homology Domains/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- B Lowin-Kropf
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
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Abstract
The primary focus in contemporary psychiatry on symptoms and their neurobiological basis, although fundamentally important, is nevertheless incomplete. The long-term course and outcome of schizophrenia are determined not only by the disorder, but also by the interaction between the person and the disorder. Not only psychopathological symptoms but also cognitive variables such as negative self-concepts, low expectations and external loci of control can influence the patient's coping strategies and may lead to hopelessness and chronicity. Hopelessness here refers to a cognitive-affective state in which the patient perceives the disorder and its consequences to be beyond his control, feels helpless and has given up expecting to influence its course positively, thereby abandoning responsibility and active coping strategies. In a prospective study, we examined these relationships by using logistic regression in data from 46 schizophrenic outpatients who were participating in a vocational rehabilitation program. Negative self-concepts, external loci of control, and depression correlated to a higher extent with depressive-resigned coping strategies than did schizophrenic symptoms. Thus, poor rehabilitation outcome may be predicted to a high degree by the presence of external loci of control, pessimistic outcome expectancies, negative symptoms, and depressive-resigned coping strategies. After having eliminated the influence of negative symptoms, external control beliefs still had significant predictive value for the outcome. Rehabilitation outcome in schizophrenic patients can be only partially predicted by negative symptoms; the other predictive factor is whether the patient has already given up or not.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hoffmann
- University Psychiatric Services Bern, Mid and West Sectors, Laupenstrasse 49, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland.
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Manunta M, Kunz B, Sandmeier E, Christen P, Schindler H. Reported channel formation by prion protein fragment 106-126 in planar lipid bilayers cannot be reproduced. FEBS Lett 2000; 474:255-6. [PMID: 10896484 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(00)01603-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kunz B, Sandmeier E, Christen P. Reply by the authors(1). FEBS Lett 2000; 466:207. [PMID: 10648844 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(99)01782-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B Kunz
- Biochemisches Institut der Universitat Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Ch-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kunz
- Biochemisches Institut der Universitat Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
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45
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Abstract
Each cell is equipped with two copies (alleles) of each autosomal gene. While the vast majority use both alleles, occasional genes are expressed from a single allele. The reason for mono-allelic expression is not always evident and can serve distinct purposes. First, it may facilitate the tight control over the dosage of certain gene products such as some growth factors and their receptors or X-linked genes. Second, the differential usage of the two parental alleles may reflect the mechanisms that ensure mono-specificity, e.g. olfactory receptors, T and B cell receptors. The context of allele-specific expression of the murine Ly49 natural killer (NK) cell receptor genes suggests that their allele-specific expression reflects a process that generates clonal variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Held
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, University of Lausanne, 155, Ch. des Boveresses, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland.
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Mayinger B, Strenkert M, Hochberger J, Martus P, Kunz B, Hahn EG. Disposable-sheath, flexible gastroscope system versus standard gastroscopes: a prospective, randomized trial. Gastrointest Endosc 1999; 50:461-7. [PMID: 10502164 DOI: 10.1016/s0016-5107(99)70066-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoscopically transmitted infections due to inadequate disinfection are rare but well-recognized complications. A new prototype of a flexible, fiberoptic endoscope has been developed that uses a disposable sheath to cover and protect all working surfaces of the endoscope from contamination. The present study investigated the function, reprocessing, and hygienic status of this endoscope system in comparison with standard systems. METHODS In a prospective, randomized trial, 100 upper endoscopic procedures (50 standard, 50 sheathed) were performed. Analog rating scales were used to evaluate endoscopic performance and reprocessing. Reprocessing time, procedure duration, insertion depth, total instrument downtime, and problems occurring during the procedure were recorded. Microbiologic swabs were obtained from each endoscope. RESULTS Mean procedure duration was slightly longer with the sheathed system than with standard endoscope (9.9 vs. 8.4 min). Set up and reprocessing times, however, were significantly shorter with the Endosheath (8.9 vs. 48.4 min with the standard endoscope). The disposable-sheath endoscope system permits the rate of performance of procedures to be increased by a factor of up to 3.0. Both endoscopists and reprocessing personnel preferred the standard endoscope. No post-procedure sheath leakage or rupture was seen. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the "disposable endoscope" may have important advantages in terms of decreased instrument turn-around time and potentially improved safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Mayinger
- Department of Medicine I, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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47
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Abstract
Families of clonally expressed major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-specific receptors provide specificity to and regulate the function of natural killer (NK) cells. One of these receptors, mouse Ly49A, is expressed by 20% of NK cells and inhibits the killing of H-2D(d) but not D(b)-expressing target cells. Here, we show that the trans-acting factor TCF-1 binds to two sites in the Ly49A promoter and regulates its activity. Moreover, we find that TCF-1 determines the size of the Ly49A NK cell subset in vivo in a dosage-dependent manner. We propose that clonal Ly49A acquisition during NK cell development is regulated by TCF-1.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Ly
- Binding Sites
- Burkitt Lymphoma/pathology
- Cell Line
- Cell Lineage
- Clone Cells/immunology
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- DNA-Binding Proteins/deficiency
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/physiology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Green Fluorescent Proteins
- H-2 Antigens/immunology
- Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1-alpha
- Histocompatibility Antigen H-2D
- Humans
- Jurkat Cells
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Lectins, C-Type
- Luminescent Proteins/genetics
- Luminescent Proteins/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Count
- Lymphocyte Subsets
- Lymphoid Enhancer-Binding Factor 1
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily A
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Radiation Chimera
- Receptors, Immunologic/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, NK Cell Lectin-Like
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid
- Self Tolerance
- T Cell Transcription Factor 1
- Thymoma/pathology
- Thymus Neoplasms/pathology
- Transcription Factors/deficiency
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/physiology
- Transcription, Genetic
- Transfection
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- W Held
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne Branch, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland.
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48
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Abstract
Prion-related diseases are accompanied by neurodegeneration, astroglial proliferation and formation of proteinase K-resistant aggregates of the scrapie isoform of the prion protein (PrPSc). The synthetic PrP fragment 106-126 was reported to be neurotoxic towards cultured rat hippocampal neurons (Forloni, G., Angeretti, N., Chiesa, R., Monzani, E., Salmona, M., Bugiani, O. and Tagliavini, F. (1993) Nature 362, 543-546) and mouse cortical cells (Brown, D.R., Herms, J. and Kretzschmar, H.A. (1994) Neuroreport 5, 2057-2060). However, we found the viability of these and other neuronal cell types not to be impaired in the presence of PrP106-126 under widely varied sets of conditions. Aged preparations of the peptide as well as synthetic deamidated and isomerized derivatives that correspond to the aging products of the peptide proved also to lack neurotoxicity. Apparently, PrP106-126 cannot serve as a model for the interaction of PrP with neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kunz
- Biochemisches Institut der Universität Zürich, Switzerland
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49
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Sandmeier E, Hunziker P, Kunz B, Sack R, Christen P. Spontaneous deamidation and isomerization of Asn108 in prion peptide 106-126 and in full-length prion protein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1999; 261:578-83. [PMID: 10441469 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1999.1056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In prion-related encephalopathies, the cellular prion protein (PrP(C)) undergoes a change in conformation to become the scrapie prion protein (PrP(Sc)) which forms infectious deposits in the brain. Conceivably, the conformational transition of PrP(C) to PrP(Sc) might be linked with posttranslational alterations in the covalent structure of a fraction of the PrP molecules. We tested a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues 106-126 of human PrP for the occurrence of spontaneous chemical modifications. The only asparagine residue, Asn108, was deamidated to aspartic acid and isoaspartic acid with a half-life of about 12 days. The same posttranslational modifications were found in recombinant murine full-length protein. On aging, 0.8 mol of isoaspartyl residue per mole of protein was detected by the protein-l-isoaspartyl methyltransferase assay (t(1/2) approximately 30 days). Mass spectrometry and Edman degradation of Lys-C fragments identified Asn108 in the amino-terminal flexible part of the protein to be partially converted to aspartic acid and isoaspartic acid. A second modification was the partial isomerization of Asp226' which is only present in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sandmeier
- Biochemisches Institut der Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zürich, CH-8057, Switzerland
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50
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Sonderegger P, Kunz S, Rader C, Buchstaller A, Berger P, Vogt L, Kozlov SV, Ziegler U, Kunz B, Fitzli D, Stoeckli ET. Discrete clusters of axonin-1 and NgCAM at neuronal contact sites: facts and speculations on the regulation of axonal fasciculation. Prog Brain Res 1999; 117:93-104. [PMID: 9932403 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6123(08)64010-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P Sonderegger
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Zürich, Switzerland.
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