1
|
Wang JM, Zhang FH, Liu ZX, Tang YJ, Li JF, Xie LP. Cancer on motors: How kinesins drive prostate cancer progression? Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 224:116229. [PMID: 38643904 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer causes numerous male deaths annually. Although great progress has been made in the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer during the past several decades, much about this disease remains unknown, especially its pathobiology. The kinesin superfamily is a pivotal group of motor proteins, that contains a microtubule-based motor domain and features an adenosine triphosphatase activity and motility characteristics. Large-scale sequencing analyses based on clinical samples and animal models have shown that several members of the kinesin family are dysregulated in prostate cancer. Abnormal expression of kinesins could be linked to uncontrolled cell growth, inhibited apoptosis and increased metastasis ability. Additionally, kinesins may be implicated in chemotherapy resistance and escape immunologic cytotoxicity, which creates a barrier to cancer treatment. Here we cover the recent advances in understanding how kinesins may drive prostate cancer progression and how targeting their function may be a therapeutic strategy. A better understanding of kinesins in prostate cancer tumorigenesis may be pivotal for improving disease outcomes in prostate cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ming Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Hao Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Xiang Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Jie Tang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang-Feng Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li-Ping Xie
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
De Pace R, Maroofian R, Paimboeuf A, Zamani M, Zaki MS, Sadeghian S, Azizimalamiri R, Galehdari H, Zeighami J, Williamson CD, Fleming E, Zhou D, Gannon JL, Thiffault I, Roze E, Suri M, Zifarelli G, Bauer P, Houlden H, Severino M, Patten SA, Farrow E, Bonifacino JS. Biallelic BORCS8 variants cause an infantile-onset neurodegenerative disorder with altered lysosome dynamics. Brain 2024; 147:1751-1767. [PMID: 38128568 PMCID: PMC11068110 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BLOC-one-related complex (BORC) is a multiprotein complex composed of eight subunits named BORCS1-8. BORC associates with the cytosolic face of lysosomes, where it sequentially recruits the small GTPase ARL8 and kinesin-1 and -3 microtubule motors to promote anterograde transport of lysosomes toward the peripheral cytoplasm in non-neuronal cells and the distal axon in neurons. The physiological and pathological importance of BORC in humans, however, remains to be determined. Here, we report the identification of compound heterozygous variants [missense c.85T>C (p.Ser29Pro) and frameshift c.71-75dupTGGCC (p.Asn26Trpfs*51)] and homozygous variants [missense c.196A>C (p.Thr66Pro) and c.124T>C (p.Ser42Pro)] in BORCS8 in five children with a severe early-infantile neurodegenerative disorder from three unrelated families. The children exhibit global developmental delay, severe-to-profound intellectual disability, hypotonia, limb spasticity, muscle wasting, dysmorphic facies, optic atrophy, leuko-axonopathy with hypomyelination, and neurodegenerative features with prevalent supratentorial involvement. Cellular studies using a heterologous transfection system show that the BORCS8 missense variants p.Ser29Pro, p.Ser42Pro and p.Thr66Pro are expressed at normal levels but exhibit reduced assembly with other BORC subunits and reduced ability to drive lysosome distribution toward the cell periphery. The BORCS8 frameshift variant p.Asn26Trpfs*51, on the other hand, is expressed at lower levels and is completely incapable of assembling with other BORC subunits and promoting lysosome distribution toward the cell periphery. Therefore, all the BORCS8 variants are partial or total loss-of-function alleles and are thus likely pathogenic. Knockout of the orthologous borcs8 in zebrafish causes decreased brain and eye size, neuromuscular anomalies and impaired locomotion, recapitulating some of the key traits of the human disease. These findings thus identify BORCS8 as a novel genetic locus for an early-infantile neurodegenerative disorder and highlight the critical importance of BORC and lysosome dynamics for the development and function of the central nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella De Pace
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child, Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Reza Maroofian
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Adeline Paimboeuf
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre Armand Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Mina Zamani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz 83151-61355, Iran
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Narges Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis Laboratory, Ahvaz 61556-89467, Iran
| | - Maha S Zaki
- Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, Clinical Genetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Saeid Sadeghian
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Golestan Medical, Educational, and Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 61357-33184, Iran
| | - Reza Azizimalamiri
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Golestan Medical, Educational, and Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 61357-33184, Iran
| | - Hamid Galehdari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz 83151-61355, Iran
| | - Jawaher Zeighami
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Narges Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis Laboratory, Ahvaz 61556-89467, Iran
| | - Chad D Williamson
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child, Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Emily Fleming
- Department of Genetics, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Dihong Zhou
- Department of Genetics, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Jennifer L Gannon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Isabelle Thiffault
- Department of Genetics, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
- Department of Pathology, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Emmanuel Roze
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Institut du Cerveau (ICM), and Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Neurology, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris 75013, France
| | - Mohnish Suri
- Nottingham Clinical Genetics Service, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | | | | | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | | | - Shunmoogum A Patten
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre Armand Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
- Départementde Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Emily Farrow
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Juan S Bonifacino
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child, Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Eriksson I, Öllinger K. Lysosomes in Cancer-At the Crossroad of Good and Evil. Cells 2024; 13:459. [PMID: 38474423 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Although it has been known for decades that lysosomes are central for degradation and recycling in the cell, their pivotal role as nutrient sensing signaling hubs has recently become of central interest. Since lysosomes are highly dynamic and in constant change regarding content and intracellular position, fusion/fission events allow communication between organelles in the cell, as well as cell-to-cell communication via exocytosis of lysosomal content and release of extracellular vesicles. Lysosomes also mediate different forms of regulated cell death by permeabilization of the lysosomal membrane and release of their content to the cytosol. In cancer cells, lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy are increased to support the increased metabolism and allow growth even under nutrient- and oxygen-poor conditions. Tumor cells also induce exocytosis of lysosomal content to the extracellular space to promote invasion and metastasis. However, due to the enhanced lysosomal function, cancer cells are often more susceptible to lysosomal membrane permeabilization, providing an alternative strategy to induce cell death. This review summarizes the current knowledge of cancer-associated alterations in lysosomal structure and function and illustrates how lysosomal exocytosis and release of extracellular vesicles affect disease progression. We focus on functional differences depending on lysosomal localization and the regulation of intracellular transport, and lastly provide insight how new therapeutic strategies can exploit the power of the lysosome and improve cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ida Eriksson
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Karin Öllinger
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jerabkova-Roda K, Marwaha R, Das T, Goetz JG. Organelle morphology and positioning orchestrate physiological and disease-associated processes. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2024; 86:102293. [PMID: 38096602 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
In cells, organelles are distributed nonrandomly to regulate cells' physiological and disease-associated processes. Based on their morphology, position within the cell, and contacts with other organelles, they exert different biological functions. Endo-lysosomes are critical cell metabolism and nutrient-sensing regulators modulating cell growth and cellular adaptation in response to nutrient availability. Their spatial distribution is intimately linked to their function. In this review, we will discuss the role of endolysosomes under physiological conditions and in the context of cancer progression, with a special focus on their morphology, the molecular mechanisms determining their subcellular position, and the contacts they form with other organelles. We aim to highlight the relationship between cell architecture and cell function and its impact on maintaining organismal homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Jerabkova-Roda
- Tumor Biomechanics, INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, France.
| | - Rituraj Marwaha
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad (TIFR-H), Hyderabad, 500 046, India
| | - Tamal Das
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad (TIFR-H), Hyderabad, 500 046, India
| | - Jacky G Goetz
- Tumor Biomechanics, INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kumar R, Khan M, Francis V, Aguila A, Kulasekaran G, Banks E, McPherson PS. DENND6A links Arl8b to a Rab34/RILP/dynein complex, regulating lysosomal positioning and autophagy. Nat Commun 2024; 15:919. [PMID: 38296963 PMCID: PMC10830484 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44957-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes help maintain cellular proteostasis, and defects in lysosomal positioning and function can cause disease, including neurodegenerative disorders. The spatiotemporal distribution of lysosomes is regulated by small GTPases including Rabs, which are activated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). DENN domain proteins are the largest family of Rab GEFs. Using a cell-based assay, we screened DENND6A, a member of the DENN domain protein family against all known Rabs and identified it as a potential GEF for 20 Rabs, including Rab34. Here, we demonstrate that DENND6A activates Rab34, which recruits a RILP/dynein complex to lysosomes, promoting lysosome retrograde transport. Further, we identify DENND6A as an effector of Arl8b, a major regulatory GTPase on lysosomes. We demonstrate that Arl8b recruits DENND6A to peripheral lysosomes to activate Rab34 and initiate retrograde transport, regulating nutrient-dependent lysosomal juxtanuclear repositioning. Loss of DENND6A impairs autophagic flux. Our findings support a model whereby Arl8b/DENND6A/Rab34-dependent lysosomal retrograde trafficking controls autophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute (the Neuro), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Maleeha Khan
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute (the Neuro), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Vincent Francis
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute (the Neuro), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Adriana Aguila
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute (the Neuro), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gopinath Kulasekaran
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute (the Neuro), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Emily Banks
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute (the Neuro), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Peter S McPherson
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute (the Neuro), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sasazawa Y, Hattori N, Saiki S. JNK-interacting protein 4 is a central molecule for lysosomal retrograde trafficking. Bioessays 2023; 45:e2300052. [PMID: 37559169 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202300052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomal positioning is an important factor in regulating cellular responses, including autophagy. Because proteins encoded by disease-responsible genes are involved in lysosomal trafficking, proper intracellular lysosomal trafficking is thought to be essential for cellular homeostasis. In the past few years, the mechanisms of lysosomal trafficking have been elucidated with a focus on adapter proteins linking motor proteins to lysosomes. Here, we outline recent findings on the mechanisms of lysosomal trafficking by focusing on adapter protein c-Jun NH2 -terminal kinase-interacting protein (JIP) 4, which plays a central role in this process, and other JIP4 functions and JIP family proteins. Additionally, we discuss neuronal diseases associated with aberrance in the JIP family protein. Accumulating evidence suggests that chemical manipulation of lysosomal positioning may be a therapeutic approach for these neuronal diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Sasazawa
- Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Saiki
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shi H, Ji Y, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Li W. Circ-N4BP2L2 enhances mitochondrial function in non-small cell lung cancer cells through regulating the miR-135a-5p/ARL5B axis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:883-898. [PMID: 36637163 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the main histological subtype of lung cancer with a high incidence and mortality. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) exert vital functions in various cancers by acting as a sponge of miRNAs to abolish their inhibitory effect on target genes. This study aims to explore the biological function of circRNA NEDD4 binding protein 2 like 2 (circ-N4BP2L2) in NSCLC. We found that circ-N4BP2L2 was upregulated in NSCLC tissues and cells by using RT-qPCR. A549 cells were transfected with pcDNA-circN4BP2L2 or sh-circN4BP2L2 to obtain circN4BP2L2-overexpressed or -silenced cells, and then cell proliferation, invasion and apoptosis were determined. The results showed that knockdown of circ-N4BP2L2 repressed cell proliferation, invasion as well as mitochondrial function, and promoted cell apoptosis; while overexpression of circ-N4BP2L2 resulted in the opposite results. Mechanistically, the targeting correlations between miR-135a-5p and circ-N4BP2L2 or ADP-ribosylation factorlike 5B (ARL5B) were confirmed by using dual luciferase reporter, RNA pull-down and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. In addition, we found that circ-N4BP2L2 could promote the expression of ARL5B by serving as a sponge of miR-135a-5p. Moreover, rescue assays revealed that silencing miR-135a-5p or overexpressing ARL5B was able to abate the effects of circ-N4BP2L2 knockdown on malignant phenotypes and mitochondrial function of A549 cells. Finally, tumorigenicity assay demonstrated that circ-N4BP2L2 facilitated NSCLC tumor growth in vivo. Taken together, circ-N4BP2L2 enhanced NSCLC progression via the miR-135a-5p/ARL5B axis, which may provide a novel therapeutic target of NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyang Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuqiang Ji
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
BORC complex specific components and Kinesin-1 mediate autophagy evasion by the autophagy-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing strain. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1663. [PMID: 36717601 PMCID: PMC9886903 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28983-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy induction by starvation has been shown to enhance lysosomal delivery to mycobacterial phagosomes, resulting in the restriction of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis reference strain H37Rv. In contrast to H37Rv, our previous study showed that strains belonging to the notorious M. tuberculosis Beijing genotype could evade autophagic elimination. Our recent RNA-Seq analysis also discovered that the autophagy-resistant M. tuberculosis Beijing strain (BJN) evaded autophagic control by upregulating the expression of Kxd1, a BORC complex component, and Plekhm2, both of which function in lysosome positioning towards the cell periphery in host macrophages, thereby suppressing enhanced lysosomal delivery to its phagosome and sparing the BJN from elimination as a result. In this work, we further characterised the other specific components of the BORC complex, BORC5-8, and Kinesin proteins in autophagy resistance by the BJN. Depletion of BORCS5-8 and Kinesin-1, but not Kinesin-3, reverted autophagy avoidance by the BJN, resulting in increased lysosomal delivery to the BJN phagosomes. In addition, the augmented lysosome relocation towards the perinuclear region could now be observed in the BJN-infected host cells depleted in BORCS5-8 and Kinesin-1 expressions. Taken together, the data uncovered new roles for BORCS5-8 and Kinesin-1 in autophagy evasion by the BJN.
Collapse
|
9
|
Transcription factor EB regulates phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate levels that control lysosome positioning in the bladder cancer model. Commun Biol 2023; 6:114. [PMID: 36709383 PMCID: PMC9884284 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04501-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes orchestrate degradation and recycling of exogenous and endogenous material thus controlling cellular homeostasis. Little is known how this organelle changes during cancer. Here we investigate the intracellular landscape of lysosomes in a cellular model of bladder cancer. Employing standardized cell culture on micropatterns we identify a phenotype of peripheral lysosome positioning prevailing in bladder cancer cell lines but not normal urothelium. We show that lysosome positioning is controlled by phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PtdIns3P) levels on endomembranes which recruit FYVE-domain containing proteins for lysosomal dispersion. We identify transcription factor EB (TFEB) as an upstream regulator of PtdIns3P production by VPS34 that is activated in aggressive bladder cancer cells with peripheral lysosomes. This conceptually clarifies the dual role of TFEB as regulator of endosomal maturation and autophagy, two distinct processes controlled by PtdIns3P. Altogether, our findings uncover peripheral lysosome positioning, resulting from PtdIns3P production downstream of TFEB activation, as a potential biomarker for bladder cancer.
Collapse
|
10
|
ARL11 correlates with the immunosuppression and poor prognosis in breast cancer: A comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of ARL family members. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274757. [DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein (ARL) family members (ARLs) may regulate the malignant phenotypes of cancer cells. However, relevant studies on ARLs in breast cancer (BC) are limited. In this research, the expression profiles, genetic variations, and prognostic values of ARLs in BC have been systematically analyzed for the first time using various databases. We find that ARLs are significantly dysregulated in BC according to the TCGA database, which may result from DNA methylation and copy number alteration. Prognostic analysis suggests that ARL11 is the most significant prognostic indicator for BC, and higher ARL11 predicts worse clinical outcomes for BC patients. Further functional enrichment analysis demonstrates that ARL11 enhances the immunosuppression in BC, and dysregulation of ARL11 is significantly associated with immune infiltration in various types of cancer. Our results demonstrate the potential of ARL11 as an immune therapeutic target for BC.
Collapse
|
11
|
Sasazawa Y, Souma S, Furuya N, Miura Y, Kazuno S, Kakuta S, Suzuki A, Hashimoto R, Hirawake‐Mogi H, Date Y, Imoto M, Ueno T, Kataura T, Korolchuk VI, Tsunemi T, Hattori N, Saiki S. Oxidative stress-induced phosphorylation of JIP4 regulates lysosomal positioning in coordination with TRPML1 and ALG2. EMBO J 2022; 41:e111476. [PMID: 36394115 PMCID: PMC9670204 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022111476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Retrograde transport of lysosomes is recognised as a critical autophagy regulator. Here, we found that acrolein, an aldehyde that is significantly elevated in Parkinson's disease patient serum, enhances autophagy by promoting lysosomal clustering around the microtubule organising centre via a newly identified JIP4-TRPML1-ALG2 pathway. Phosphorylation of JIP4 at T217 by CaMK2G in response to Ca2+ fluxes tightly regulated this system. Increased vulnerability of JIP4 KO cells to acrolein indicated that lysosomal clustering and subsequent autophagy activation served as defence mechanisms against cytotoxicity of acrolein itself. Furthermore, the JIP4-TRPML1-ALG2 pathway was also activated by H2 O2 , indicating that this system acts as a broad mechanism of the oxidative stress response. Conversely, starvation-induced lysosomal retrograde transport involved both the TMEM55B-JIP4 and TRPML1-ALG2 pathways in the absence of the JIP4 phosphorylation. Therefore, the phosphorylation status of JIP4 acts as a switch that controls the signalling pathways of lysosoma l distribution depending on the type of autophagy-inducing signal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Sasazawa
- Research Institute for Diseases of Old AgeJuntendo University Graduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan,Division for Development of Autophagy Modulating DrugsJuntendo University Faculty of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Sanae Souma
- Department of NeurologyJuntendo University Faculty of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Norihiko Furuya
- Division for Development of Autophagy Modulating DrugsJuntendo University Faculty of MedicineTokyoJapan,Department of NeurologyJuntendo University Faculty of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Yoshiki Miura
- Biomedical Research Core FacilitiesJuntendo University Graduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Saiko Kazuno
- Biomedical Research Core FacilitiesJuntendo University Graduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Soichiro Kakuta
- Biomedical Research Core FacilitiesJuntendo University Graduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Ayami Suzuki
- Department of NeurologyJuntendo University Faculty of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Biomedical Research Core FacilitiesJuntendo University Graduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | | | - Yuki Date
- Department of NeurologyJuntendo University Faculty of MedicineTokyoJapan,Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science and EngineeringChiba UniversityChibaJapan
| | - Masaya Imoto
- Division for Development of Autophagy Modulating DrugsJuntendo University Faculty of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Takashi Ueno
- Biomedical Research Core FacilitiesJuntendo University Graduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Tetsushi Kataura
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Campus for Ageing and VitalityNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Viktor I Korolchuk
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Campus for Ageing and VitalityNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Taiji Tsunemi
- Department of NeurologyJuntendo University Faculty of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Research Institute for Diseases of Old AgeJuntendo University Graduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan,Division for Development of Autophagy Modulating DrugsJuntendo University Faculty of MedicineTokyoJapan,Department of NeurologyJuntendo University Faculty of MedicineTokyoJapan,Neurodegenerative Disorders Collaborative LaboratoryRIKEN Center for Brain ScienceSaitamaJapan
| | - Shinji Saiki
- Division for Development of Autophagy Modulating DrugsJuntendo University Faculty of MedicineTokyoJapan,Department of NeurologyJuntendo University Faculty of MedicineTokyoJapan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kumar G, Chawla P, Dhiman N, Chadha S, Sharma S, Sethi K, Sharma M, Tuli A. RUFY3 links Arl8b and JIP4-Dynein complex to regulate lysosome size and positioning. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1540. [PMID: 35314681 PMCID: PMC8938454 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29077-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The bidirectional movement of lysosomes on microtubule tracks regulates their whole-cell spatial arrangement. Arl8b, a small GTP-binding (G) protein, promotes lysosome anterograde trafficking mediated by kinesin-1. Herein, we report an Arl8b effector, RUFY3, which regulates the retrograde transport of lysosomes. We show that RUFY3 interacts with the JIP4-dynein-dynactin complex and facilitates Arl8b association with the retrograde motor complex. Accordingly, RUFY3 knockdown disrupts the positioning of Arl8b-positive endosomes and reduces Arl8b colocalization with Rab7-marked late endosomal compartments. Moreover, we find that RUFY3 regulates nutrient-dependent lysosome distribution, although autophagosome-lysosome fusion and autophagic cargo degradation are not impaired upon RUFY3 depletion. Interestingly, lysosome size is significantly reduced in RUFY3 depleted cells, which could be rescued by inhibition of the lysosome reformation regulatory factor PIKFYVE. These findings suggest a model in which the perinuclear cloud arrangement of lysosomes regulates both the positioning and size of these proteolytic compartments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Kumar
- Divison of Cell Biology and Immunology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Chandigarh, India
| | - Prateek Chawla
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Neha Dhiman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Sanya Chadha
- Divison of Cell Biology and Immunology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Chandigarh, India
| | - Sheetal Sharma
- Divison of Cell Biology and Immunology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Chandigarh, India
| | - Kanupriya Sethi
- Divison of Cell Biology and Immunology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Chandigarh, India
| | - Mahak Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Amit Tuli
- Divison of Cell Biology and Immunology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Chandigarh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Keren-Kaplan T, Sarić A, Ghosh S, Williamson CD, Jia R, Li Y, Bonifacino JS. RUFY3 and RUFY4 are ARL8 effectors that promote coupling of endolysosomes to dynein-dynactin. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1506. [PMID: 35314674 PMCID: PMC8938451 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28952-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The small GTPase ARL8 associates with endolysosomes, leading to the recruitment of several effectors that couple endolysosomes to kinesins for anterograde transport along microtubules, and to tethering factors for eventual fusion with other organelles. Herein we report the identification of the RUN- and FYVE-domain-containing proteins RUFY3 and RUFY4 as ARL8 effectors that promote coupling of endolysosomes to dynein-dynactin for retrograde transport along microtubules. Using various methodologies, we find that RUFY3 and RUFY4 interact with both GTP-bound ARL8 and dynein-dynactin. In addition, we show that RUFY3 and RUFY4 promote concentration of endolysosomes in the juxtanuclear area of non-neuronal cells, and drive redistribution of endolysosomes from the axon to the soma in hippocampal neurons. The function of RUFY3 in retrograde transport contributes to the juxtanuclear redistribution of endolysosomes upon cytosol alkalinization. These studies thus identify RUFY3 and RUFY4 as ARL8-dependent, dynein-dynactin adaptors or regulators, and highlight the role of ARL8 in the control of both anterograde and retrograde endolysosome transport. Organellar transport is carefully regulated, and endolysosome localized ARL8 is important for kinesin recruitment and anterograde movement. Here, the authors show that RUFY3 and RUFY4 promote retrograde transport of endolysosomes by mediating interaction of ARL8 with dynein-dynactin.
Collapse
|
14
|
Zuidhof HR, Calkhoven CF. Oncogenic and tumor-suppressive functions of the RNA demethylase FTO. Cancer Res 2022; 82:2201-2212. [PMID: 35303057 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-3710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The epitranscriptome represents the more than 140 types of chemically varying and reversable RNA modifications affecting RNA fate. Among these, the most relevant for this review are the mRNA-modifications N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and N6,2'-O-dimethyladenosine (m6Am). Epitranscriptomic mRNA biology involves RNA methyltransferases (so called "writers"), RNA demethylases ("erasers"), and RNA-binding proteins ("readers") that interact with methylation sites to determine the functional outcome of the modification. In this review, we discuss the role of a specific RNA demethylase encoded by the fat mass and obesity associated gene (FTO) in cancer. FTO initially became known as the strongest genetic link for human obesity. Only in 2010, 16 years after its discovery, was its enzymatic function as a demethylase clarified, and only recently has its role in the development of cancer been revealed. FTO functions are challenging to study and interpret because of its genome-wide effects on transcript turnover and translation. We review the discovery of FTO and its enzymatic function, the tumor-promoting and suppressive roles of FTO in selected cancer types, and its potential as a therapeutic target.
Collapse
|
15
|
Gu J, Geng M, Qi M, Wang L, Zhang Y, Gao J. The role of lysosomal membrane proteins in glucose and lipid metabolism. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21848. [PMID: 34582051 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002602r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomes have long been regarded as the "garbage dump" of the cell. More recently, however, researchers have revealed novel roles for lysosomal membranes in autophagy, ion transport, nutrition sensing, and membrane fusion and repair. With active research into lysosomal membrane proteins (LMP), increasing evidence has become available showing that LMPs are inextricably linked to glucose and lipid metabolism, and this relationship represents mutual influence and regulation. In this review, we summarize the roles of LMPs in relation to glucose and lipid metabolism, and describe their roles in glucose transport, glycolysis, cholesterol transport, and lipophagy. The role of transport proteins can be traced back to the original discoveries of GLUT8, NPC1, and NPC2, which were all found to have significant roles in the pathways involved in glucose and lipid metabolism. CLC-5 and SIDT2-knockout animals show serious phenotypic disorders of metabolism, and V-ATPase and LAMP-2 have been found to interact with proteins related to glucose and lipid metabolism. These findings all emphasize the critical role of LMPs in glycolipid metabolism and help to strengthen our understanding of the independent and close relationship between LMPs and glycolipid metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gu
- Department of Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, China
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biological Macro-Molecules Research (Wannan Medical College), Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Mengya Geng
- Department of Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, China
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biological Macro-Molecules Research (Wannan Medical College), Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Mengxiang Qi
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biological Macro-Molecules Research (Wannan Medical College), Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Lizhuo Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biological Macro-Molecules Research (Wannan Medical College), Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biological Macro-Molecules Research (Wannan Medical College), Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Jialin Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, China
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biological Macro-Molecules Research (Wannan Medical College), Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zheng QK, Ma C, Ullah I, Hu K, Ma RJ, Zhang N, Sun ZG. Roles of N6-Methyladenosine Demethylase FTO in Malignant Tumors Progression. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:4837-4846. [PMID: 34556998 PMCID: PMC8453432 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s329232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2007, the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene was discovered initially to regulate body mass index and obesity and was subsequently found to be the first mRNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) demethylation enzyme, which can demethylate m6A. A growing body of evidence shows that m6A modification is involved in a variety of cell biological processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, and self-renewal through different regulatory mechanisms. In recent years, a large number of studies have found that m6A modification play key role in the occurrence and development of tumors, such as acute myeloid leukemia, breast cancer, lung cancer, etc. As a function of m6A demethylase, FTO has attracted more and more attention in cancer. There is evidence that specific FTO single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may be significantly associated with overweight and cancer susceptibility by regulating the expression of related genes. Besides, when the expression level of FTO is altered or dysfunctional, it may be involved in the occurrence and progression of a variety of tumors as a tumor suppressor gene or oncogene, usually in an m6A-dependent manner. Further research found that FTO is involved in the development of different kinds of malignant tumors, but the mechanism is unknown. According to this review, The FTO gene's research progress in tumors is reviewed, aiming to find new targets for molecular pathological diagnosis and molecular targeted therapy of tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Kang Zheng
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Ma
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, People's Republic of China
| | - Irfan Ullah
- Department of Surgery, Khyber Medical University Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Kang Hu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Jie Ma
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Gang Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Brito C, Costa-Silva B, Barral DC, Pojo M. Unraveling the Relevance of ARL GTPases in Cutaneous Melanoma Prognosis through Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9260. [PMID: 34502169 PMCID: PMC8431576 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is the deadliest skin cancer, whose molecular pathways underlying its malignancy remain unclear. Therefore, new information to guide evidence-based clinical decisions is required. Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosylation factor-like (ARL) proteins are membrane trafficking regulators whose biological relevance in CM is undetermined. Here, we investigated ARL expression and its impact on CM prognosis and immune microenvironment through integrated bioinformatics analysis. Our study found that all 22 ARLs are differentially expressed in CM. Specifically, ARL1 and ARL11 are upregulated and ARL15 is downregulated regardless of mutational frequency or copy number variations. According to TCGA data, ARL1 and ARL15 represent independent prognostic factors in CM as well as ARL11 based on GEPIA and OncoLnc. To investigate the mechanisms by which ARL1 and ARL11 increase patient survival while ARL15 reduces it, we evaluated their correlation with the immune microenvironment. CD4+ T cells and neutrophil infiltrates are significantly increased by ARL1 expression. Furthermore, ARL11 expression was correlated with 17 out of 21 immune infiltrates, including CD8+ T cells and M2 macrophages, described as having anti-tumoral activity. Likewise, ARL11 is interconnected with ZAP70, ADAM17, and P2RX7, which are implicated in immune cell activation. Collectively, this study provides the first evidence that ARL1, ARL11, and ARL15 may influence CM progression, prognosis, and immune microenvironment remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheila Brito
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM) do Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil E.P.E., Rua Prof. Lima Basto, 1099-023 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Bruno Costa-Silva
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Avenida de Brasília, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Duarte C. Barral
- iNOVA4Health, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Marta Pojo
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM) do Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil E.P.E., Rua Prof. Lima Basto, 1099-023 Lisbon, Portugal;
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kothari C, Clemenceau A, Ouellette G, Ennour-Idrissi K, Michaud A, C.-Gaudreault R, Diorio C, Durocher F. TBC1D9: An Important Modulator of Tumorigenesis in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3557. [PMID: 34298771 PMCID: PMC8304074 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a major concern among the different subtypes of breast cancer (BC) due to the lack of effective treatment. In a previous study by our group aimed at understanding the difference between TNBC and non-TNBC tumors, we identified the gene TBC1 domain family member 9 (TBC1D9), the expression of which was lower in TNBC as compared to non-TNBC tumors. In the present study, analysis of TBC1D9 expression in TNBC (n = 58) and non-TNBC (n = 25) patient tumor samples validated that TBC1D9 expression can differentiate TNBC (low) from non-TNBC (high) samples and that expression of TBC1D9 was inversely correlated with grade and proliferative index. Moreover, we found that downregulation of the TBC1D9 gene decreases the proliferation marginally in non-TNBC and was associated with increased migratory and tumorigenic potential in both TNBC and luminal BC cell lines. This increase was mediated by the upregulation of ARL8A, ARL8B, PLK1, HIF1α, STAT3, and SPP1 expression in TBC1D9 knockdown cells. Our results suggest that TBC1D9 expression might limit tumor aggressiveness and that it has a differential expression in TNBC vs. non-TNBC tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charu Kothari
- Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1T 1C2, Canada; (C.K.); (A.C.); (G.O.); (R.C.-G.)
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (K.E.-I.); (A.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Alisson Clemenceau
- Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1T 1C2, Canada; (C.K.); (A.C.); (G.O.); (R.C.-G.)
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (K.E.-I.); (A.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Geneviève Ouellette
- Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1T 1C2, Canada; (C.K.); (A.C.); (G.O.); (R.C.-G.)
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (K.E.-I.); (A.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Kaoutar Ennour-Idrissi
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (K.E.-I.); (A.M.); (C.D.)
- Département de Biologie Moléculaire, de Biochimie Médicale et de Pathologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1T 1C2, Canada
- Département de Médecine Sociale et Préventive, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1T 1C2, Canada
| | - Annick Michaud
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (K.E.-I.); (A.M.); (C.D.)
| | - René C.-Gaudreault
- Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1T 1C2, Canada; (C.K.); (A.C.); (G.O.); (R.C.-G.)
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (K.E.-I.); (A.M.); (C.D.)
- Laboratoire de Chimie Médicinale, l’Hôpital Saint-François d’Assise, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1L 3L5, Canada
| | - Caroline Diorio
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (K.E.-I.); (A.M.); (C.D.)
- Département de Médecine Sociale et Préventive, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1T 1C2, Canada
- Centre des Maladies du Sein, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Québec City, QC G1S 4L8, Canada
| | - Francine Durocher
- Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1T 1C2, Canada; (C.K.); (A.C.); (G.O.); (R.C.-G.)
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (K.E.-I.); (A.M.); (C.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhang C, Xie C, Lu Y. Local Anesthetic Lidocaine and Cancer: Insight Into Tumor Progression and Recurrence. Front Oncol 2021; 11:669746. [PMID: 34249706 PMCID: PMC8264592 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.669746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading contributor to deaths worldwide. Surgery is the primary treatment for resectable cancers. Nonetheless, it also results in inflammatory response, angiogenesis, and stimulated metastasis. Local anesthetic lidocaine can directly and indirectly effect different cancers. The direct mechanisms are inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis via regulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR and caspase-dependent Bax/Bcl2 signaling pathways or repressing cytoskeleton formation. Repression invasion, migration, and angiogenesis through influencing the activation of TNFα-dependent, Src-induced AKT/NO/ICAM and VEGF/PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. Moreover, the indirect influences are immune regulation, anti-inflammation, and postoperative pain relief. This review summarizes the latest evidence that revealed potential clinical benefits of lidocaine in cancer treatment to explore the probable molecular mechanisms and the appropriate dose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caihui Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Cuiyu Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yao Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Ambulatory Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pedersen NM, Wenzel EM, Wang L, Antoine S, Chavrier P, Stenmark H, Raiborg C. Protrudin-mediated ER-endosome contact sites promote MT1-MMP exocytosis and cell invasion. J Cell Biol 2021; 219:151827. [PMID: 32479595 PMCID: PMC7401796 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202003063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells break tissue barriers by use of small actin-rich membrane protrusions called invadopodia. Complete invadopodia maturation depends on protrusion outgrowth and the targeted delivery of the matrix metalloproteinase MT1-MMP via endosomal transport by mechanisms that are not known. Here, we show that the ER protein Protrudin orchestrates invadopodia maturation and function. Protrudin formed contact sites with MT1-MMP-positive endosomes that contained the RAB7-binding Kinesin-1 adaptor FYCO1, and depletion of RAB7, FYCO1, or Protrudin inhibited MT1-MMP-dependent extracellular matrix degradation and cancer cell invasion by preventing anterograde translocation and exocytosis of MT1-MMP. Moreover, when endosome translocation or exocytosis was inhibited by depletion of Protrudin or Synaptotagmin VII, respectively, invadopodia were unable to expand and elongate. Conversely, when Protrudin was overexpressed, noncancerous cells developed prominent invadopodia-like protrusions and showed increased matrix degradation and invasion. Thus, Protrudin-mediated ER-endosome contact sites promote cell invasion by facilitating translocation of MT1-MMP-laden endosomes to the plasma membrane, enabling both invadopodia outgrowth and MT1-MMP exocytosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Marie Pedersen
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eva Maria Wenzel
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ling Wang
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sandra Antoine
- Research Center, Institut Curie, Membrane and Cytoskeleton Dynamics and Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 144, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Chavrier
- Research Center, Institut Curie, Membrane and Cytoskeleton Dynamics and Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 144, Paris, France
| | - Harald Stenmark
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Camilla Raiborg
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Xie N, Bai Y, Qiao L, Bai Y, Wu J, Li Y, Jiang M, Xu B, Ni Z, Yuan T, Shi Y, Wu K, Xu F, Wang J, Dong L, Liu N. ARL4C might serve as a prognostic factor and a novel therapeutic target for gastric cancer: bioinformatics analyses and biological experiments. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:4014-4027. [PMID: 33724652 PMCID: PMC8051716 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The ADP‐ribosylation factor‐like proteins (ARLs) have been proved to regulate the malignant phenotypes of several cancers. However, the exact role of ARLs in gastric cancer (GC) remains elusive. In this study, we systematically investigate the expression status, interactive relations, potential pathways, genetic variations and clinical values of ARLs in GC. We find that ARLs are significantly dysregulated in GC and involved in various cancer‐related pathways. Subsequently, machine learning models identify ARL4C as one of the two most significant clinical indicators among ARLs for GC. Furthermore, ARL4C silencing remarkably inhibits the growth and metastasis of GC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, enrichment analysis indicates that ARL4C is highly correlated with TGF‐β1 signalling. Correspondingly, TGF‐β1 treatment dramatically increases ARL4C expression and ARL4C knockdown inhibits the phosphorylation level of Smads, downstream factors of TGF‐β1. Meanwhile, the coexpression of ARL4C and TGF‐β1 worsens the prognosis of GC patients. Our work comprehensively demonstrates the crucial role of ARLs in the carcinogenesis of GC and the specific mechanisms underlying the GC‐promoting effects of TGF‐β1. More importantly, we uncover the great promise of ARL4C‐targeted therapy in improving the efficacy of TGF‐β1 inhibitors for GC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yunfan Bai
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Lu Qiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuru Bai
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mingzuo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhen Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ting Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yongquan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kaichun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jinhai Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Machado ER, Annunziata I, van de Vlekkert D, Grosveld GC, d’Azzo A. Lysosomes and Cancer Progression: A Malignant Liaison. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:642494. [PMID: 33718382 PMCID: PMC7952443 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.642494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
During primary tumorigenesis isolated cancer cells may undergo genetic or epigenetic changes that render them responsive to additional intrinsic or extrinsic cues, so that they enter a transitional state and eventually acquire an aggressive, metastatic phenotype. Among these changes is the alteration of the cell metabolic/catabolic machinery that creates the most permissive conditions for invasion, dissemination, and survival. The lysosomal system has emerged as a crucial player in this malignant transformation, making this system a potential therapeutic target in cancer. By virtue of their ubiquitous distribution in mammalian cells, their multifaced activities that control catabolic and anabolic processes, and their interplay with other organelles and the plasma membrane (PM), lysosomes function as platforms for inter- and intracellular communication. This is due to their capacity to adapt and sense nutrient availability, to spatially segregate specific functions depending on their position, to fuse with other compartments and with the PM, and to engage in membrane contact sites (MCS) with other organelles. Here we review the latest advances in our understanding of the role of the lysosomal system in cancer progression. We focus on how changes in lysosomal nutrient sensing, as well as lysosomal positioning, exocytosis, and fusion perturb the communication between tumor cells themselves and between tumor cells and their microenvironment. Finally, we describe the potential impact of MCS between lysosomes and other organelles in propelling cancer growth and spread.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eda R. Machado
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Ida Annunziata
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | | | - Gerard C. Grosveld
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Alessandra d’Azzo
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhao S, Zhang Y, Pei M, Wu L, Li J. miR-145 inhibits mitochondrial function of ovarian cancer by targeting ARL5B. J Ovarian Res 2021; 14:8. [PMID: 33419459 PMCID: PMC7796643 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-020-00762-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming refers to the transformation of the whole metabolic network including glycolysis and mitochondrial metabolism, mainly manifested in Warburg effect and mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming. The roles of miR-145 in glycolysis have been established in ovarian cancer cells. Howerer, its roles in mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming are still unclear. This study aims to identify whether miR-145 regulates mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming in ovarian cancer cells. First, functional experiment showed that overexpression of miR-145 inhibited mitochondrial function in ovarian cancer cells, evident by the decreased mtDNA copy numbers, ATP level, mitochondrial membrane potential, and the expression levels of mitochondrial markers. Mechanistically, miR-145 inhibited mitochondrial function by targeting ARL5B directly. Futhermore, miR-145 overexpression decreased ARL5B expression in ovarian cancer tissue subcutaneous tumors of nude mice. In conclusion, we have highlighted that miR-145 inhibits mitochondrial function and achieves this by targeting ARL5B directly for the first time. The results provides a more adequate theoretical basis for understanding the molecular pathology of ovarian cancer, and provides the necessary basic data for miR-145 as a potential diagnosis and treatment target for ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhao
- Department of SICU, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Meili Pei
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Tang T, Yang ZY, Wang D, Yang XY, Wang J, Li L, Wen Q, Gao L, Bian XW, Yu SC. The role of lysosomes in cancer development and progression. Cell Biosci 2020; 10:131. [PMID: 33292489 PMCID: PMC7677787 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-020-00489-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are an important component of the inner membrane system and participate in numerous cell biological processes, such as macromolecular degradation, antigen presentation, intracellular pathogen destruction, plasma membrane repair, exosome release, cell adhesion/migration and apoptosis. Thus, lysosomes play important roles in cellular activity. In addition, previous studies have shown that lysosomes may play important roles in cancer development and progression through the abovementioned biological processes and that the functional status and spatial distribution of lysosomes are closely related to cancer cell proliferation, energy metabolism, invasion and metastasis, immune escape and tumor-associated angiogenesis. Therefore, identifying the factors and mechanisms that regulate the functional status and spatial distribution of lysosomes and elucidating the relationship between lysosomes and the development and progression of cancer can provide important information for cancer diagnosis and prognosis prediction and may yield new therapeutic targets. This study briefly reviews the above information and explores the potential value of lysosomes in cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Tang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ze-Yu Yang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xian-Yan Yang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Qian Wen
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Xiu-Wu Bian
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Shi-Cang Yu
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wu PH, Onodera Y, Giaccia AJ, Le QT, Shimizu S, Shirato H, Nam JM. Lysosomal trafficking mediated by Arl8b and BORC promotes invasion of cancer cells that survive radiation. Commun Biol 2020; 3:620. [PMID: 33110168 PMCID: PMC7591908 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01339-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced invasiveness, a critical determinant of metastasis and poor prognosis, has been observed in cancer cells that survive cancer therapy, including radiotherapy. Here, we show that invasiveness in radiation-surviving cancer cells is associated with alterations in lysosomal exocytosis caused by the enhanced activation of Arl8b, a small GTPase that regulates lysosomal trafficking. The binding of Arl8b with its effector, SKIP, is increased after radiation through regulation of BORC-subunits. Knockdown of Arl8b or BORC-subunits decreases lysosomal exocytosis and the invasiveness of radiation-surviving cells. Notably, high expression of ARL8B and BORC-subunit genes is significantly correlated with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. Sp1, an ATM-regulated transcription factor, is found to increase BORC-subunit genes expression after radiation. In vivo experiments show that ablation of Arl8b decreases IR-induced invasive tumor growth and distant metastasis. These findings suggest that BORC-Arl8b-mediated lysosomal trafficking is a target for improving radiotherapy by inhibiting invasive tumor growth and metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Hsiu Wu
- Global Center for Biomedical Science and Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, 060-8638, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Onodera
- Global Center for Biomedical Science and Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, 060-8638, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, 060-8638, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
| | - Amato J Giaccia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Quynh-Thu Le
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Shinichi Shimizu
- Global Center for Biomedical Science and Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, 060-8638, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Department of Radiation Medical Science and Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, 060-8638, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shirato
- Global Center for Biomedical Science and Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, 060-8638, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Jin-Min Nam
- Global Center for Biomedical Science and Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, 060-8638, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Xu Y, Ye S, Zhang N, Zheng S, Liu H, Zhou K, Wang L, Cao Y, Sun P, Wang T. The FTO/miR-181b-3p/ARL5B signaling pathway regulates cell migration and invasion in breast cancer. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2020; 40:484-500. [PMID: 32805088 PMCID: PMC7571404 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification has been demonstrated to be a significant regulatory process in the progression of various tumors, including breast cancer. Fat mass and obesity‐associated (FTO) enzyme, initially known as the obesity‐related protein, is the first identified m6A demethylase. However, the relationship between FTO and breast cancer remains controversial. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the role and clinical significance of FTO in breast cancer and to explore the underlying mechanism. Methods We first investigated the expression of FTO in breast cancer cell lines and tissues by quantitative reverse transcription‐PCR (qRT‐PCR), Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Wound healing assay and Transwell assay were performed to determine the migration and invasion abilities of SKBR3 and MDA‐MB453 cells with either knockdown or overexpression of FTO. RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) was conducted to decipher the downstream targets of FTO. qRT‐PCR, luciferase reporter assay, and Western blotting were employed to confirm the existence of the FTO/miR‐181b‐3p/ARL5B axis. The biological function of ADP ribosylation factor like GTPase 5B (ARL5B) in breast cancer cells was evaluated by wound healing assay and Transwell invasion assay. Results High FTO expression was observed in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‐positive breast cancer, predicting advanced progression (tumor size [P < 0.001], nuclear grade [P = 0.001], peritumoral lymphovascular invasion [P < 0.001), lymph node metastasis [P = 0.002], and TNM stage [P = 0.001]) and poor prognosis. Moreover, FTO promoted cell invasion and migration in vitro. Mechanistically, RNA‐seq and further confirmation studies suggested that FTO up‐regulated ARL5B by inhibiting miR‐181b‐3p. We further verified that ARL5B also displayed carcinogenic activity in breast cancer cells. Conclusion Our work demonstrated the carcinogenic activity of FTO in promoting the invasion and migration of breast cancer cells via the FTO/miR‐181b‐3p/ARL5B signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Xu
- Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Ye
- Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, P. R. China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, P. R. China
| | - Shuhui Zheng
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, P. R. China
| | - Huatao Liu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, P. R. China
| | - Kewen Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, P. R. China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, P. R. China
| | - Yue Cao
- Department of Basic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, P. R. China
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Tinghuai Wang
- Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Casalou C, Ferreira A, Barral DC. The Role of ARF Family Proteins and Their Regulators and Effectors in Cancer Progression: A Therapeutic Perspective. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:217. [PMID: 32426352 PMCID: PMC7212444 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Adenosine diphosphate-Ribosylation Factor (ARF) family belongs to the RAS superfamily of small GTPases and is involved in a wide variety of physiological processes, such as cell proliferation, motility and differentiation by regulating membrane traffic and associating with the cytoskeleton. Like other members of the RAS superfamily, ARF family proteins are activated by Guanine nucleotide Exchange Factors (GEFs) and inactivated by GTPase-Activating Proteins (GAPs). When active, they bind effectors, which mediate downstream functions. Several studies have reported that cancer cells are able to subvert membrane traffic regulators to enhance migration and invasion. Indeed, members of the ARF family, including ARF-Like (ARL) proteins have been implicated in tumorigenesis and progression of several types of cancer. Here, we review the role of ARF family members, their GEFs/GAPs and effectors in tumorigenesis and cancer progression, highlighting the ones that can have a pro-oncogenic behavior or function as tumor suppressors. Moreover, we propose possible mechanisms and approaches to target these proteins, toward the development of novel therapeutic strategies to impair tumor progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Casalou
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Andreia Ferreira
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Duarte C Barral
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Phosphoinositides in the control of lysosome function and homeostasis. Biochem Soc Trans 2019; 47:1173-1185. [PMID: 31383818 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomes are the main degradative compartments of mammalian cells and serve as platforms for cellular nutrient signaling and sterol transport. The diverse functions of lysosomes and their adaptation to extracellular and intracellular cues are tightly linked to the spatiotemporally controlled synthesis, turnover and interconversion of lysosomal phosphoinositides, minor phospholipids that define membrane identity and couple membrane dynamics to cell signaling. How precisely lysosomal phosphoinositides act and which effector proteins within the lysosome membrane or at the lysosomal surface recognize them is only now beginning to emerge. Importantly, mutations in phosphoinositide metabolizing enzyme cause lysosomal dysfunction and are associated with numerous diseases ranging from neurodegeneration to cancer. Here, we discuss the phosphoinositides and phosphoinositide metabolizing enzymes implicated in lysosome function and homeostasis and outline perspectives for future research.
Collapse
|
29
|
Walton ZE, Brooks RC, Dang CV. mTOR Senses Intracellular pH through Lysosome Dispersion from RHEB. Bioessays 2019; 41:e1800265. [PMID: 31157925 PMCID: PMC6730656 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201800265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Acidity, generated in hypoxia or hypermetabolic states, perturbs homeostasis and is a feature of solid tumors. That acid peripherally disperses lysosomes is a three-decade-old observation, yet one little understood or appreciated. However, recent work has recognized the inhibitory impact this spatial redistribution has on mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), a key regulator of metabolism. This finding argues for a paradigm shift in localization of mTORC1 activator Ras homolog enriched in brain (RHEB), a conclusion several others have now independently reached. Thus, mTORC1, known to sense amino acids, mitogens, and energy to restrict biosynthesis to times of adequate resources, also senses pH and, via dampened mTOR-governed synthesis of clock proteins, regulates the circadian clock to achieve concerted responses to metabolic stress. While this may allow cancer to endure metabolic deprivation, immune cell mTOR signaling likewise exhibits pH sensitivity, suggesting that suppression of antitumor immune function by solid tumor acidity may additionally fuel cancers, an obstacle potentially reversible through therapeutic pH manipulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chi V. Dang
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10017
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Lysosome Positioning Influences mTORC2 and AKT Signaling. Mol Cell 2019; 75:26-38.e3. [PMID: 31130364 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Growth factor signaling is initiated at the plasma membrane and propagated through the cytoplasm for eventual relay to intracellular organelles such as lysosomes. The serine/threonine kinase mTOR participates in growth factor signaling as a component of two multi-subunit complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2. mTORC1 associates with lysosomes, and its activity depends on the positioning of lysosomes within the cytoplasm, although there is no consensus regarding the exact effect of perinuclear versus peripheral distribution. mTORC2 and its substrate kinase AKT have a widespread distribution, but they are thought to act mainly at the plasma membrane. Using cell lines with knockout of components of the lysosome-positioning machinery, we show that perinuclear clustering of lysosomes delays reactivation of not only mTORC1, but also mTORC2 and AKT upon serum replenishment. These experiments demonstrate the existence of pools of mTORC2 and AKT that are sensitive to lysosome positioning.
Collapse
|
31
|
Ijuin T. Phosphoinositide phosphatases in cancer cell dynamics-Beyond PI3K and PTEN. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 59:50-65. [PMID: 30922959 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoinositides are a group of lipids that regulate intracellular signaling and subcellular biological events. The signaling by phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate and Akt mediates the action of growth factors that are essential for cell proliferation, gene transcription, cell migration, and polarity. The hyperactivation of this signaling has been identified in different cancer cells; and, it has been implicated in oncogenic transformation and cancer cell malignancy. Recent studies have argued the role of phosphoinositides in cancer cell dynamics, including actin cytoskeletal rearrangement at the plasma membrane and the organization of intracellular compartments. The focus of this review is to summarize the impact of the activities of phosphoinositide phosphatases on intracellular signaling related to cancer cell dynamics and to discuss how the abnormalities in the activities of the enzymes alter the levels of phosphoinositides in cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Ijuin
- Division of Biochemistry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki, Chu-o, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Maacha S, Hong J, von Lersner A, Zijlstra A, Belkhiri A. AXL Mediates Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Cell Invasion through Regulation of Extracellular Acidification and Lysosome Trafficking. Neoplasia 2018; 20:1008-1022. [PMID: 30189359 PMCID: PMC6126204 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is a highly aggressive malignancy that is characterized by resistance to chemotherapy and a poor clinical outcome. The overexpression of the receptor tyrosine kinase AXL is frequently associated with unfavorable prognosis in EAC. Although it is well documented that AXL mediates cancer cell invasion as a downstream effector of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, the precise molecular mechanism underlying this process is not completely understood. Herein, we demonstrate for the first time that AXL mediates cell invasion through the regulation of lysosomes peripheral distribution and cathepsin B secretion in EAC cell lines. Furthermore, we show that AXL-dependent peripheral distribution of lysosomes and cell invasion are mediated by extracellular acidification, which is potentiated by AXL-induced secretion of lactate through AKT-NF-κB-dependent MCT-1 regulation. Our novel mechanistic findings support future clinical studies to evaluate the therapeutic potential of the AXL inhibitor R428 (BGB324) in highly invasive EAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Selma Maacha
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jun Hong
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Ariana von Lersner
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Andries Zijlstra
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Abbes Belkhiri
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Rosa-Ferreira C, Sweeney ST, Munro S. The small G protein Arl8 contributes to lysosomal function and long-range axonal transport in Drosophila. Biol Open 2018; 7:bio.035964. [PMID: 30115618 PMCID: PMC6176938 DOI: 10.1242/bio.035964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The small GTPase Arl8 has emerged as a major regulatory GTPase on lysosomes. Studies in mammalian cells have shown that it regulates both fusion with late endosomes and also lysosomal motility. In its active GTP-bound state, it recruits to lysosomes the HOPS (homotypic fusion and protein sorting) endosomal tethering complex and also proteins that link lysosomes to microtubule motors such as the kinesin adaptor PLEKHM2. To gain further insights into Arl8 biology, we examined the single Drosophila ortholog. Drosophila Arl8 is essential for viability, and mitotic clones of mutant cells are able to continue to divide but show perturbation of the late endocytic pathway. Progeny-lacking Arl8 die as late larvae with movement-paralysis characteristic of defects in neuronal function. This phenotype was rescued by expression of Arl8 in motor neurons. Examination of these neurons in the mutant larvae revealed smaller synapses and axons with elevated levels of carriers containing synaptic components. Affinity chromatography revealed binding of Drosophila Arl8 to the HOPS complex, and to the Drosophila ortholog of RILP, a protein that, in mammals, recruits dynein to late endosomes, with dynein being known to be required for neuronal transport. Thus Drosophila Arl8 controls late endocytic function and transport via at least two distinct effectors. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary:Drosophila Arl8 is essential for viability and is required for normal functioning of the late endocytic pathway and for long-range transport in axons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sean T Sweeney
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Sean Munro
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Willett R, Martina JA, Zewe JP, Wills R, Hammond GRV, Puertollano R. TFEB regulates lysosomal positioning by modulating TMEM55B expression and JIP4 recruitment to lysosomes. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1580. [PMID: 29146937 PMCID: PMC5691037 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01871-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal distribution is linked to the role of lysosomes in many cellular functions, including autophagosome degradation, cholesterol homeostasis, antigen presentation, and cell invasion. Alterations in lysosomal positioning contribute to different human pathologies, such as cancer, neurodegeneration, and lysosomal storage diseases. Here we report the identification of a novel mechanism of lysosomal trafficking regulation. We found that the lysosomal transmembrane protein TMEM55B recruits JIP4 to the lysosomal surface, inducing dynein-dependent transport of lysosomes toward the microtubules minus-end. TMEM55B overexpression causes lysosomes to collapse into the cell center, whereas depletion of either TMEM55B or JIP4 results in dispersion toward the cell periphery. TMEM55B levels are transcriptionally upregulated following TFEB and TFE3 activation by starvation or cholesterol-induced lysosomal stress. TMEM55B or JIP4 depletion abolishes starvation-induced retrograde lysosomal transport and prevents autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Overall our data suggest that the TFEB/TMEM55B/JIP4 pathway coordinates lysosome movement in response to a variety of stress conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rose Willett
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive, Building 50, Room 3537, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - José A Martina
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive, Building 50, Room 3537, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - James P Zewe
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Room S332 Biomedical Sciences Tower, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Rachel Wills
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Room S332 Biomedical Sciences Tower, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Gerald R V Hammond
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Room S332 Biomedical Sciences Tower, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Rosa Puertollano
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive, Building 50, Room 3537, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Filipek PA, de Araujo MEG, Vogel GF, De Smet CH, Eberharter D, Rebsamen M, Rudashevskaya EL, Kremser L, Yordanov T, Tschaikner P, Fürnrohr BG, Lechner S, Dunzendorfer-Matt T, Scheffzek K, Bennett KL, Superti-Furga G, Lindner HH, Stasyk T, Huber LA. LAMTOR/Ragulator is a negative regulator of Arl8b- and BORC-dependent late endosomal positioning. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:4199-4215. [PMID: 28993467 PMCID: PMC5716276 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201703061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling from lysosomes controls cellular clearance and energy metabolism. Lysosomal malfunction has been implicated in several pathologies, including neurodegeneration, cancer, infection, immunodeficiency, and obesity. Interestingly, many functions are dependent on the organelle position. Lysosomal motility requires the integration of extracellular and intracellular signals that converge on a competition between motor proteins that ultimately control lysosomal movement on microtubules. Here, we identify a novel upstream control mechanism of Arl8b-dependent lysosomal movement toward the periphery of the cell. We show that the C-terminal domain of lyspersin, a subunit of BLOC-1-related complex (BORC), is essential and sufficient for BORC-dependent recruitment of Arl8b to lysosomes. In addition, we establish lyspersin as the linker between BORC and late endosomal/lysosomal adaptor and mitogen activated protein kinase and mechanistic target of rapamycin activator (LAMTOR) complexes and show that epidermal growth factor stimulation decreases LAMTOR/BORC association, thereby promoting BORC- and Arl8b-dependent lysosomal centrifugal transport.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Przemyslaw A Filipek
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mariana E G de Araujo
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Georg F Vogel
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.,Department of Pediatrics I, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Cedric H De Smet
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniela Eberharter
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Manuele Rebsamen
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elena L Rudashevskaya
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.,Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Leopold Kremser
- Division of Clinical Biochemistry, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Teodor Yordanov
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Philipp Tschaikner
- Institute for Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Barbara G Fürnrohr
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefan Lechner
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Klaus Scheffzek
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Keiryn L Bennett
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giulio Superti-Furga
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.,Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Herbert H Lindner
- Division of Clinical Biochemistry, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Taras Stasyk
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lukas A Huber
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Dykes SS, Steffan JJ, Cardelli JA. Lysosome trafficking is necessary for EGF-driven invasion and is regulated by p38 MAPK and Na+/H+ exchangers. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:672. [PMID: 28978320 PMCID: PMC5628462 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3660-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor invasion through a basement membrane is one of the earliest steps in metastasis, and growth factors, such as Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) and Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF), stimulate this process in a majority of solid tumors. Basement membrane breakdown is one of the hallmarks of invasion; therefore, tumor cells secrete a variety of proteases to aid in this process, including lysosomal proteases. Previous studies demonstrated that peripheral lysosome distribution coincides with the release of lysosomal cathepsins. Methods Immunofluorescence microscopy, western blot, and 2D and 3D cell culture techniques were performed to evaluate the effects of EGF on lysosome trafficking and cell motility and invasion. Results EGF-mediated lysosome trafficking, protease secretion, and invasion is regulated by the activity of p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) and sodium hydrogen exchangers (NHEs). Interestingly, EGF stimulates anterograde lysosome trafficking through a different mechanism than previously reported for HGF, suggesting that there are redundant signaling pathways that control lysosome positioning and trafficking in tumor cells. Conclusions These data suggest that EGF stimulation induces peripheral (anterograde) lysosome trafficking, which is critical for EGF-mediated invasion and protease release, through the activation of p38 MAPK and NHEs. Taken together, this report demonstrates that anterograde lysosome trafficking is necessary for EGF-mediated tumor invasion and begins to characterize the molecular mechanisms required for EGF-stimulated lysosome trafficking. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-017-3660-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha S Dykes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center - Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71130, USA.,Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center- Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71130, USA.,Present Address: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Joshua J Steffan
- Department of Natural Sciences, Dickinson State University, 291 Campus Dr, Dickinson, ND, 58601, USA.
| | - James A Cardelli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center - Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71130, USA.,Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center- Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71130, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Marwaha R, Arya SB, Jagga D, Kaur H, Tuli A, Sharma M. The Rab7 effector PLEKHM1 binds Arl8b to promote cargo traffic to lysosomes. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:1051-1070. [PMID: 28325809 PMCID: PMC5379943 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201607085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocytic, autophagic, and phagocytic vesicles move on microtubule tracks to fuse with lysosomes. Small GTPases, such as Rab7 and Arl8b, recruit their downstream effectors to mediate this transport and fusion. However, the potential cross talk between these two GTPases is unclear. Here, we show that the Rab7 effector PLEKHM1 simultaneously binds Rab7 and Arl8b, bringing about clustering and fusion of late endosomes and lysosomes. We show that the N-terminal RUN domain of PLEKHM1 is necessary and sufficient for interaction with Arl8b and its subsequent localization to lysosomes. Notably, we also demonstrate that Arl8b mediates recruitment of HOPS complex to PLEKHM1-positive vesicle contact sites. Consequently, Arl8b binding to PLEKHM1 is required for its function in delivery and, therefore, degradation of endocytic and autophagic cargo in lysosomes. Finally, we also show that PLEKHM1 competes with SKIP for Arl8b binding, which dictates lysosome positioning. These findings suggest that Arl8b, along with its effectors, orchestrates lysosomal transport and fusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rituraj Marwaha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Subhash B Arya
- Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Divya Jagga
- Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Harmeet Kaur
- Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Amit Tuli
- Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Mahak Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Pu J, Guardia CM, Keren-Kaplan T, Bonifacino JS. Mechanisms and functions of lysosome positioning. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:4329-4339. [PMID: 27799357 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.196287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes have been classically considered terminal degradative organelles, but in recent years they have been found to participate in many other cellular processes, including killing of intracellular pathogens, antigen presentation, plasma membrane repair, cell adhesion and migration, tumor invasion and metastasis, apoptotic cell death, metabolic signaling and gene regulation. In addition, lysosome dysfunction has been shown to underlie not only rare lysosome storage disorders but also more common diseases, such as cancer and neurodegeneration. The involvement of lysosomes in most of these processes is now known to depend on the ability of lysosomes to move throughout the cytoplasm. Here, we review recent findings on the mechanisms that mediate the motility and positioning of lysosomes, and the importance of lysosome dynamics for cell physiology and pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Pu
- Cell Biology and Neurobiology Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Carlos M Guardia
- Cell Biology and Neurobiology Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tal Keren-Kaplan
- Cell Biology and Neurobiology Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Juan S Bonifacino
- Cell Biology and Neurobiology Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Dykes SS, Gao C, Songock WK, Bigelow RL, Woude GV, Bodily JM, Cardelli JA. Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox-1 (Zeb1) drives anterograde lysosome trafficking and tumor cell invasion via upregulation of Na+/H+ Exchanger-1 (NHE1). Mol Carcinog 2016; 56:722-734. [PMID: 27434882 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Tumor cell invasion through the extracellular matrix is facilitated by the secretion of lysosome-associated proteases. As a common mechanism for secretion, lysosomes must first traffic to the cell periphery (anterograde trafficking), consistent with invasive cells often containing lysosomes closer to the plasma membrane compared to non-invasive cells. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a transcriptionally driven program that promotes an invasive phenotype, and Zeb1 is one transcription factor that activates the mesenchymal gene expression program. The role of lysosome trafficking in EMT-driven invasion has not been previously investigated. We found that cells with increased levels of Zeb1 displayed lysosomes located closer to the cell periphery and demonstrated increased protease secretion and invasion in 3-dimensional (3D) cultures compared to their epithelial counterparts. Additionally, preventing anterograde lysosome trafficking via pharmacological inhibition of Na+/H+ exchanger 1 (NHE1) or shRNA depletion of ADP-ribosylation like protein 8b (Arl8b) reversed the invasive phenotype of mesenchymal cells, thus supporting a role for lysosome positioning in EMT-mediated tumor cell invasion. Immunoblot revealed that expression of Na+/H+ exchanger 1 correlated with Zeb1 expression. Furthermore, we found that the transcription factor Zeb1 binds to the Na+/H+ exchanger 1 promoter, suggesting that Zeb1 directly controls Na+/H+ transcription. Collectively, these results provide insight into a novel mechanism regulating Na+/H+ exchanger 1 expression and support a role for anterograde lysosome trafficking in Zeb1-driven cancer progression. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha S Dykes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center - Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana.,Feist Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Science Center - Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - ChongFeng Gao
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - William K Songock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center - Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana.,Feist Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Science Center - Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Rebecca L Bigelow
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center - Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana.,Feist Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Science Center - Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - George Vande Woude
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Jason M Bodily
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center - Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana.,Feist Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Science Center - Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - James A Cardelli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center - Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana.,Feist Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Science Center - Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana
| |
Collapse
|