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Richter S, Bechmann N. Patient Sex and Origin Influence Distribution of Driver Genes and Clinical Presentation of Paraganglioma. J Endocr Soc 2024; 8:bvae038. [PMID: 38481600 PMCID: PMC10928507 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvae038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Context Sexual and ancestral differences in driver gene prevalence have been described in many cancers but have not yet been investigated in pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL). Objective This study aims to assess whether sex and ancestry influence prevalence of PPGL driver genes and clinical presentation. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with PPGL considering studies from 2010 onwards that included minimal data of type of disease, sex, mutated gene, and country of origin. Additional features were recorded when available (age, tumor location, bilateral or multifocal, somatic or germline, and metastatic disease). Results We included 2162 patients: 877 in Europe and 757 in Asia. Males presented more often with germline pathogenic variants (PVs) in genes activating hypoxia pathways (P = .0006) and had more often sympathetic paragangliomas (P = .0005) and metastasis (P = .0039). On the other hand, females with PPGLs due to MAX PVs were diagnosed later than males (P = .0378) and more often developed metastasis (P = .0497). European but not Asian females presented more often with PPGLs due to PVs in genes related to kinase signaling (P = .0052), particularly RET and TMEM127. Contrary to experiences from Europe, Asian patients with PPGL due to PVs in kinase signaling genes NF1, HRAS, and FGFR1 showed a high proportion of sympathetic tumors, while European patients almost exclusively had adrenal tumors (P < .005). Conclusion Personalized management of patients with PPGL might benefit from considering sexual and ancestral differences. Further studies with better clinically aligned cohorts from various origins are required to better dissect ancestral influences on PPGL development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Richter
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Nicole Bechmann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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2
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The Role of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Isoforms in Breast Cancer and Perspectives on Their Inhibition in Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14184518. [PMID: 36139678 PMCID: PMC9496909 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In many types of cancers, the activity of the hypoxia-inducible factors enhances hallmarks such as suppression of the immune response, altered metabolism, angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, and more. As a result of observing these features, HIFs became attractive targets in designing anticancer therapy. The lack of effective breast treatment based on HIFs inhibitors and the elusive role of those factors in this type of cancer raises the concern wheter targeting hypoxia-inducible factors is the right path. Results of the study on breast cancer cell lines suggest the need to consider aspects like HIF-1α versus HIF-2α isoforms inhibition, double versus singular isoform inhibition, different hormone receptors status, metastases, and perhaps different not yet investigated issues. In other words, targeting hypoxia-inducible factors in breast cancers should be preceded by a better understanding of their role in this type of cancer. The aim of this paper is to review the role, functions, and perspectives on hypoxia-inducible factors inhibition in breast cancer. Abstract Hypoxia is a common feature associated with many types of cancer. The activity of the hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), the critical element of response and adaptation to hypoxia, enhances cancer hallmarks such as suppression of the immune response, altered metabolism, angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, and more. The HIF-1α and HIF-2α isoforms show similar regulation characteristics, although they are active in different types of hypoxia and can show different or even opposite effects. Breast cancers present several unique ways of non-canonical hypoxia-inducible factors activity induction, not limited to the hypoxia itself. This review summarizes different effects of HIFs activation in breast cancer, where areas such as metabolism, evasion of the immune response, cell survival and death, angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, cancer stem cells, and hormone receptors status have been covered. The differences between HIF-1α and HIF-2α activity and their impacts are given special attention. The paper also discusses perspectives on using hypoxia-inducible factors as targets in anticancer therapy, given current knowledge acquired in molecular studies.
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Multifaceted Interplay between Hormones, Growth Factors and Hypoxia in the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030539. [PMID: 35158804 PMCID: PMC8833523 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hormones and growth factors impact many processes in the cell. Moreover, these molecules influence tumor growth, as does a lack of oxygen (hypoxia) that characterizes cancer progression. Proteins that are stabilized by low oxygen tension, known as hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), help tumor cells to adapt to their environment. Of note, hormones and growth factors regulate the activity of HIFs toward malignant aggressiveness, including the resistance to therapy. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the role of hormones and growth factors in cancer development with a particular focus on their interplay with hypoxia and HIFs and comment on how these factors influence the response to cancer immunotherapy. Abstract Hormones and growth factors (GFs) are signaling molecules implicated in the regulation of a variety of cellular processes. They play important roles in both healthy and tumor cells, where they function by binding to specific receptors on target cells and activating downstream signaling cascades. The stages of tumor progression are influenced by hormones and GF signaling. Hypoxia, a hallmark of cancer progression, contributes to tumor plasticity and heterogeneity. Most solid tumors contain a hypoxic core due to rapid cellular proliferation that outgrows the blood supply. In these circumstances, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) play a central role in the adaptation of tumor cells to their new environment, dramatically reshaping their transcriptional profile. HIF signaling is modulated by a variety of factors including hormones and GFs, which activate signaling pathways that enhance tumor growth and metastatic potential and impair responses to therapy. In this review, we summarize the role of hormones and GFs during cancer onset and progression with a particular focus on hypoxia and the interplay with HIF proteins. We also discuss how hypoxia influences the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy, considering that a hypoxic environment may act as a determinant of the immune-excluded phenotype and a major hindrance to the success of adoptive cell therapies.
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4
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Wing PAC, Liu PJ, Harris JM, Magri A, Michler T, Zhuang X, Borrmann H, Minisini R, Frampton NR, Wettengel JM, Mailly L, D'Arienzo V, Riedl T, Nobre L, Weekes MP, Pirisi M, Heikenwalder M, Baumert TF, Hammond EM, Mole DR, Protzer U, Balfe P, McKeating JA. Hypoxia inducible factors regulate hepatitis B virus replication by activating the basal core promoter. J Hepatol 2021; 75:64-73. [PMID: 33516779 PMCID: PMC8214165 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) are a hallmark of inflammation and are key regulators of hepatic immunity and metabolism, yet their role in HBV replication is poorly defined. HBV replicates in hepatocytes within the liver, a naturally hypoxic organ, however most studies of viral replication are performed under conditions of atmospheric oxygen, where HIFs are inactive. We therefore investigated the role of HIFs in regulating HBV replication. METHODS Using cell culture, animal models, human tissue and pharmacological agents inhibiting the HIF-prolyl hydroxylases, we investigated the impact of hypoxia on the HBV life cycle. RESULTS Culturing liver cell-based model systems under low oxygen uncovered a new role for HIFs in binding HBV DNA and activating the basal core promoter, leading to increased pre-genomic RNA and de novo HBV particle secretion. The presence of hypoxia responsive elements among all primate members of the hepadnaviridae highlights an evolutionary conserved role for HIFs in regulating this virus family. CONCLUSIONS Identifying a role for this conserved oxygen sensor in regulating HBV transcription suggests that this virus has evolved to exploit the HIF signaling pathway to persist in the low oxygen environment of the liver. Our studies show the importance of considering oxygen availability when studying HBV-host interactions and provide innovative routes to better understand and target chronic HBV infection. LAY SUMMARY Viral replication in host cells is defined by the cellular microenvironment and one key factor is local oxygen tension. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) replicates in the liver, a naturally hypoxic organ. Hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) are the major sensors of low oxygen; herein, we identify a new role for these factors in regulating HBV replication, revealing new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A C Wing
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - James M Harris
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrea Magri
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Thomas Michler
- Institute of Virology, Technische Universität München/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich partner site, Munich, Germany
| | - Xiaodong Zhuang
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Helene Borrmann
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rosalba Minisini
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Nicholas R Frampton
- Institute of Inflammation and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jochen M Wettengel
- Institute of Virology, Technische Universität München/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich partner site, Munich, Germany
| | - Laurent Mailly
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; INSERM, U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Tobias Riedl
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Luis Nobre
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael P Weekes
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mario Pirisi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Mathias Heikenwalder
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas F Baumert
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; INSERM, U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ester M Hammond
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David R Mole
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ulrike Protzer
- Institute of Virology, Technische Universität München/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich partner site, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Balfe
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jane A McKeating
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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5
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Azad P, Villafuerte FC, Bermudez D, Patel G, Haddad GG. Protective role of estrogen against excessive erythrocytosis in Monge's disease. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:125-135. [PMID: 33473144 PMCID: PMC8080600 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-00550-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Monge's disease (chronic mountain sickness (CMS)) is a maladaptive condition caused by chronic (years) exposure to high-altitude hypoxia. One of the defining features of CMS is excessive erythrocytosis with extremely high hematocrit levels. In the Andean population, CMS prevalence is vastly different between males and females, being rare in females. Furthermore, there is a sharp increase in CMS incidence in females after menopause. In this study, we assessed the role of sex hormones (testosterone, progesterone, and estrogen) in CMS and non-CMS cells using a well-characterized in vitro erythroid platform. While we found that there was a mild (nonsignificant) increase in RBC production with testosterone, we observed that estrogen, in physiologic concentrations, reduced sharply CD235a+ cells (glycophorin A; a marker of RBC), from 56% in the untreated CMS cells to 10% in the treated CMS cells, in a stage-specific and dose-responsive manner. At the molecular level, we determined that estrogen has a direct effect on GATA1, remarkably decreasing the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels of GATA1 (p < 0.01) and its target genes (Alas2, BclxL, and Epor, p < 0.001). These changes result in a significant increase in apoptosis of erythroid cells. We also demonstrate that estrogen regulates erythropoiesis in CMS patients through estrogen beta signaling and that its inhibition can diminish the effects of estrogen by significantly increasing HIF1, VEGF, and GATA1 mRNA levels. Taken altogether, our results indicate that estrogen has a major impact on the regulation of erythropoiesis, particularly under chronic hypoxic conditions, and has the potential to treat blood diseases, such as high altitude severe erythrocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priti Azad
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Francisco C Villafuerte
- Laboratorio de Fisiologia del Transporte de Oxigeno/Fisiología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, San Martin de Porres, Lima 31, Peru
| | - Daniela Bermudez
- Laboratorio de Fisiologia del Transporte de Oxigeno/Fisiología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, San Martin de Porres, Lima 31, Peru
| | - Gargi Patel
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Gabriel G Haddad
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, 92123, USA.
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6
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Schabort JJ, Nam AR, Lee KH, Kim SW, Lee JE, Cho JY. ANK2 Hypermethylation in Canine Mammary Tumors and Human Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228697. [PMID: 33218035 PMCID: PMC7698701 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine mammary tumors (CMT) constitute the most common tumor types found in female dogs. Understanding this cancer through extensive research is important not only for clinical veterinary applications, but also in the scope of comparative oncology. The use of DNA methylation as a biomarker has been noted for numerous cancers in the form of both tissue and liquid biopsies, yet the study of methylation in CMT has been limited. By analyzing our canine methyl-binding domain sequencing (MBD-seq) data, we identified intron regions of canine ANK2 and EPAS1 as differentially methylated regions (DMGs) in CMT. Subsequently, we established quantitative methylation specific PCR (qMSP) of ANK2 and EPAS1 to validate the target hypermethylation in CMT tissue, as well as cell free DNA (cfDNA) from CMT plasma. Both ANK2 and EPAS1 were hypermethylated in CMT and highlighted as potential tissue biomarkers in CMT. ANK2 additionally showed significant hypermethylation in the plasma cfDNA of CMT, indicating that it could be a potential liquid biopsy biomarker as well. A similar trend towards hypermethylation was indicated in HBC at a specific CpG of the ANK2 target on the orthologous human region, which validates the comparative approach using aberrant methylation in CMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes J. Schabort
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 08826 Seoul, Korea; (J.J.S.); (A.-R.N.); (K.-H.L.)
| | - A-Reum Nam
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 08826 Seoul, Korea; (J.J.S.); (A.-R.N.); (K.-H.L.)
| | - Kang-Hoon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 08826 Seoul, Korea; (J.J.S.); (A.-R.N.); (K.-H.L.)
| | - Seok Won Kim
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea; (S.W.K.); (J.E.L.)
| | - Jeong Eon Lee
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea; (S.W.K.); (J.E.L.)
| | - Je-Yoel Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 08826 Seoul, Korea; (J.J.S.); (A.-R.N.); (K.-H.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-02-880-1268
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7
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de Heer EC, Jalving M, Harris AL. HIFs, angiogenesis, and metabolism: elusive enemies in breast cancer. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:5074-5087. [PMID: 32870818 PMCID: PMC7524491 DOI: 10.1172/jci137552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) and the HIF-dependent cancer hallmarks angiogenesis and metabolic rewiring are well-established drivers of breast cancer aggressiveness, therapy resistance, and poor prognosis. Targeting of HIF and its downstream targets in angiogenesis and metabolism has been unsuccessful so far in the breast cancer clinical setting, with major unresolved challenges residing in target selection, development of robust biomarkers for response prediction, and understanding and harnessing of escape mechanisms. This Review discusses the pathophysiological role of HIFs, angiogenesis, and metabolism in breast cancer and the challenges of targeting these features in patients with breast cancer. Rational therapeutic combinations, especially with immunotherapy and endocrine therapy, seem most promising in the clinical exploitation of the intricate interplay of HIFs, angiogenesis, and metabolism in breast cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen C. de Heer
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Oncology, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Mathilde Jalving
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Oncology, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Adrian L. Harris
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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8
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Randi EB, Vervaet B, Tsachaki M, Porto E, Vermeylen S, Lindenmeyer MT, Thuy LTT, Cohen CD, Devuyst O, Kistler AD, Szabo C, Kawada N, Hankeln T, Odermatt A, Dewilde S, Wenger RH, Hoogewijs D. The Antioxidative Role of Cytoglobin in Podocytes: Implications for a Role in Chronic Kidney Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:1155-1171. [PMID: 31910047 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Cytoglobin (CYGB) is a member of the mammalian globin family of respiratory proteins. Despite extensive research efforts, its physiological role remains largely unknown, but potential functions include reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification and signaling. Accumulating evidence suggests that ROS play a crucial role in podocyte detachment and apoptosis during diabetic kidney disease. This study aimed to explore the potential antioxidative renal role of CYGB both in vivo and in vitro. Results: Using a Cygb-deficient mouse model, we demonstrate a Cygb-dependent reduction in renal function, coinciding with a reduced number of podocytes. To specifically assess the putative antioxidative function of CYGB in podocytes, we first confirmed high endogenous CYGB expression levels in two human podocyte cell lines and subsequently generated short hairpin RNA-mediated stable CYGB knockdown podocyte models. CYGB-deficient podocytes displayed increased cell death and accumulation of ROS as assessed by 2'7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate assays and the redox-sensitive probe roGFP2-Orp1. CYGB-deficient cells also exhibited an impaired cellular bioenergetic status. Consistently, analysis of the CYGB-dependent transcriptome identified dysregulation of multiple genes involved in redox balance, apoptosis, as well as in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Finally, genome-wide association studies and expression studies in nephropathy biopsies indicate an association of CYGB with CKD. Innovation: This study demonstrates a podocyte-related renal role of Cygb, confirms abundant CYGB expression in human podocyte cell lines, and describes for the first time an association between CYGB and CKD. Conclusion: Our results provide evidence for an antioxidative role of CYGB in podocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa B Randi
- Department of Medicine/Physiology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.,Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) "Kidney.CH", Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Vervaet
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Maria Tsachaki
- National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) "Kidney.CH", Zurich, Switzerland.,Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elena Porto
- Institute of Organismal and Molecular Evolutionary Biology, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stijn Vermeylen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Maja T Lindenmeyer
- Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) "Kidney.CH", Zurich, Switzerland.,Nephrological Center, Medical Clinic and Policlinic IV, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Le Thi Thanh Thuy
- Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Clemens D Cohen
- Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) "Kidney.CH", Zurich, Switzerland.,Nephrological Center, Medical Clinic and Policlinic IV, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Olivier Devuyst
- Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) "Kidney.CH", Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas D Kistler
- Division of Nephrology, Kantonsspital Frauenfeld, Frauenfeld, Switzerland
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Norifumi Kawada
- Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Thomas Hankeln
- Institute of Organismal and Molecular Evolutionary Biology, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Alex Odermatt
- National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) "Kidney.CH", Zurich, Switzerland.,Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sylvia Dewilde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Roland H Wenger
- Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) "Kidney.CH", Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David Hoogewijs
- Department of Medicine/Physiology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.,National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) "Kidney.CH", Zurich, Switzerland
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Bai J, Chen WB, Zhang XY, Kang XN, Jin LJ, Zhang H, Wang ZY. HIF-2α regulates CD44 to promote cancer stem cell activation in triple-negative breast cancer via PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:87-99. [PMID: 32110277 PMCID: PMC7031759 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i1.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is a common malignant tumor that seriously threatens women’s health. Breast cancer stem cell (CSC)-like cell population may be the main factor for breast cancer metastasis. Therefore, targeted therapy for CSCs has great potential significance. Hypoxia-inducible factor is a transcription factor widely expressed in tumors. Studies have shown that down-regulation of the hypoxia signaling pathway inhibits tumor stem cell self-renewal and increases the sensitivity of stem cells to radiotherapy and chemotherapy mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor-2α (HIF-2α). However, the specific mechanism remains unclear and further research is necessary.
AIM To investigate the effect of HIF-2α down-regulation on stem cell markers, microsphere formation, and apoptosis in breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 under hypoxia and its possible mechanism.
METHODS Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of HIF-2α and CD44 in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and non-TNBC tissues. Double-labeling immunofluorescence was applied to detect the co-expression of HIF-2α and CD44 in MDA-MB-231 cells and MCF-7 cells. HIF-2α was silenced by RNA interference, and the expression of CD44 and transfection efficiency were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. Further, flow cytometry, TdT-mediated X-dUTP nick end labeling, and mammosphere formation assays were used to evaluate the effect of HIF-2α on CSCs and apoptosis. The possible mechanisms were analyzed by Western blot.
RESULTS The results of immunohistochemistry showed that HIF-2α was highly expressed in both TNBC and non-TNBC, while the expression of CD44 in different molecular types of breast cancer cells was different. In in vitro experiments, it was found that HIF-2α and CD44 were expressed almost in the same cell. Compared with hypoxia + negative-sequence control, HIF-2α small interfering ribonucleic acid transfection can lower the expression of HIF-2α and CD44 mRNA(P < 0.05), increase the percentage of apoptotic cells (P < 0.05), and resulted in a reduction of CD44+/CD24− population (P < 0.05) and mammosphere formation (P < 0.05) in hypoxic MDA-MB-231 cells. Western blot analysis revealed that phosphorylated protein-serine-threonine kinase (p-AKT) and phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR) levels in MDA-MB-231 decreased significantly after HIF-2α silencing (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION Down-regulation of HIF-2α expression can inhibit the stemness of human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells and promote apoptosis, and its mechanism may be related to the CD44/phosphoinosmde-3-kinase/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Bai
- Thyroid and Breast Deptartment III, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou 061001, Hebei Province, China
| | - Wei-Bin Chen
- Department of Radiology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan 063000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhang
- Thyroid and Breast Deptartment III, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou 061001, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xiao-Ning Kang
- Department of Second Ultrasound, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou 061001, Hebei Province, China
| | - Li-Jun Jin
- Thyroid and Breast Deptartment III, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou 061001, Hebei Province, China
| | | | - Zun-Yi Wang
- Thyroid and Breast Deptartment III, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou 061001, Hebei Province, China
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FOXA1 upregulation promotes enhancer and transcriptional reprogramming in endocrine-resistant breast cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:26823-26834. [PMID: 31826955 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1911584116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box A1 (FOXA1) is a pioneer factor that facilitates chromatin binding and function of lineage-specific and oncogenic transcription factors. Hyperactive FOXA1 signaling due to gene amplification or overexpression has been reported in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) endocrine-resistant metastatic breast cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms by which FOXA1 up-regulation promotes these processes and the key downstream targets of the FOXA1 oncogenic network remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that FOXA1 overexpression in ER+ breast cancer cells drives genome-wide enhancer reprogramming to activate prometastatic transcriptional programs. Up-regulated FOXA1 employs superenhancers (SEs) to synchronize transcriptional reprogramming in endocrine-resistant breast cancer cells, reflecting an early embryonic development process. We identify the hypoxia-inducible transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-2α (HIF-2α) as the top high FOXA1-induced SE target, mediating the impact of high FOXA1 in activating prometastatic gene sets and pathways associated with poor clinical outcome. Using clinical ER+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer datasets, we show that the aberrant FOXA1/HIF-2α transcriptional axis is largely nonconcurrent with the ESR1 mutations, suggesting different mechanisms of endocrine resistance and treatment strategies. We further demonstrate the selective efficacy of an HIF-2α antagonist, currently in clinical trials for advanced kidney cancer and recurrent glioblastoma, in reducing the clonogenicity, migration, and invasion of endocrine-resistant breast cancer cells expressing high FOXA1. Our study has uncovered high FOXA1-induced enhancer reprogramming and HIF-2α-dependent transcriptional programs as vulnerable targets for treating endocrine-resistant and metastatic breast cancer.
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11
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Deciphering the Molecular Mechanisms Sustaining the Estrogenic Activity of the Two Major Dietary Compounds Zearalenone and Apigenin in ER-Positive Breast Cancer Cell Lines. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020237. [PMID: 30678243 PMCID: PMC6412274 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The flavone apigenin and the mycotoxin zearalenone are two major compounds found in the human diet which bind estrogen receptors (ERs), and therefore influence ER activity. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well known. To unravel the molecular mechanisms that could explain the differential effect of zearalenone and apigenin on ER-positive breast cancer cell proliferation, gene-reporter assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) experiments, proliferation assays and transcriptomic analysis were performed. We found that zearalenone and apigenin transactivated ERs and promoted the expression of estradiol (E2)-responsive genes. However, zearalenone clearly enhanced cellular proliferation, while apigenin appeared to be antiestrogenic in the presence of E2 in both ER-positive breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and T47D. The transcriptomic analysis showed that both compounds regulate gene expression in the same way, but with differences in intensity. Two major sets of genes were identified; one set was linked to the cell cycle and the other set was linked to stress response and growth arrest. Our results show that the transcription dynamics in gene regulation induced by apigenin were somehow different with zearalenone and E2 and may explain the differential effect of these compounds on the phenotype of the breast cancer cell. Together, our results confirmed the potential health benefit effect of apigenin, while zearalenone appeared to be a true endocrine-disrupting compound.
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12
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Smythies JA, Sun M, Masson N, Salama R, Simpson PD, Murray E, Neumann V, Cockman ME, Choudhry H, Ratcliffe PJ, Mole DR. Inherent DNA-binding specificities of the HIF-1α and HIF-2α transcription factors in chromatin. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:e46401. [PMID: 30429208 PMCID: PMC6322389 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201846401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is the major transcriptional regulator of cellular responses to hypoxia. The two principal HIF-α isoforms, HIF-1α and HIF-2α, are progressively stabilized in response to hypoxia and form heterodimers with HIF-1β to activate a broad range of transcriptional responses. Here, we report on the pan-genomic distribution of isoform-specific HIF binding in response to hypoxia of varying severity and duration, and in response to genetic ablation of each HIF-α isoform. Our findings reveal that, despite an identical consensus recognition sequence in DNA, each HIF heterodimer loads progressively at a distinct repertoire of cell-type-specific sites across the genome, with little evidence of redistribution under any of the conditions examined. Marked biases towards promoter-proximal binding of HIF-1 and promoter-distant binding of HIF-2 were observed under all conditions and were consistent in multiple cell type. The findings imply that each HIF isoform has an inherent property that determines its binding distribution across the genome, which might be exploited to therapeutically target the specific transcriptional output of each isoform independently.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Min Sun
- NDM Research Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Norma Masson
- NDM Research Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rafik Salama
- NDM Research Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Hani Choudhry
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, King Fahd Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Peter J Ratcliffe
- NDM Research Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - David R Mole
- NDM Research Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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13
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Crosstalk between Notch, HIF-1α and GPER in Breast Cancer EMT. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19072011. [PMID: 29996493 PMCID: PMC6073901 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway acts in both physiological and pathological conditions, including embryonic development and tumorigenesis. In cancer progression, diverse mechanisms are involved in Notch-mediated biological responses, including angiogenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT). During EMT, the activation of cellular programs facilitated by transcriptional repressors results in epithelial cells losing their differentiated features, like cell–cell adhesion and apical–basal polarity, whereas they gain motility. As it concerns cancer epithelial cells, EMT may be consequent to the evolution of genetic/epigenetic instability, or triggered by factors that can act within the tumor microenvironment. Following a description of the Notch signaling pathway and its major regulatory nodes, we focus on studies that have given insights into the functional interaction between Notch signaling and either hypoxia or estrogen in breast cancer cells, with a particular focus on EMT. Furthermore, we describe the role of hypoxia signaling in breast cancer cells and discuss recent evidence regarding a functional interaction between HIF-1α and GPER in both breast cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). On the basis of these studies, we propose that a functional network between HIF-1α, GPER and Notch may integrate tumor microenvironmental cues to induce robust EMT in cancer cells. Further investigations are required in order to better understand how hypoxia and estrogen signaling may converge on Notch-mediated EMT within the context of the stroma and tumor cells interaction. However, the data discussed here may anticipate the potential benefits of further pharmacological strategies targeting breast cancer progression.
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14
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Moreno Roig E, Yaromina A, Houben R, Groot AJ, Dubois L, Vooijs M. Prognostic Role of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-2α Tumor Cell Expression in Cancer Patients: A Meta-Analysis. Front Oncol 2018; 8:224. [PMID: 29942795 PMCID: PMC6004384 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-2α (HIF-2α) plays an important role in tumor progression and metastasis. A number of studies have evaluated the correlation between HIF-2α overexpression and clinical outcome in cancer patients but yielded inconsistent results. To comprehensively and quantitatively summarize the evidence on the capability of HIF-2α to predict the prognosis of cancer patients with solid tumors, a meta-analysis was carried out. Renal cell carcinoma (CC-RCC) was separately analyzed due to an alternative mechanism of regulation. Systematic literature searches were performed in PubMed and Embase databases for relevant original articles until February 2018. Forty-nine studies with 6,052 patients were included in this study. The pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with corresponding confidence intervals were calculated to assess the prognostic value of HIF-2α protein expression in tumor cells. The meta-analysis revealed strong significant negative associations between HIF-2α expression and five endpoints: overall survival [HR = 1.69, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.39-2.06], disease-free survival (HR = 1.87, 95% CI 1.2-2.92), disease-specific survival (HR = 1.57, 95% CI 1.06-2.34), metastasis-free survival (HR = 2.67, 95% CI 1.32-5.38), and progression-free survival (HR = 2.18, 95% CI 1.25-3.78). Subgroup analyses revealed similar associations in the majority of tumor sites. Overall, these data demonstrate a negative prognostic role of HIF-2α in patients suffering from different types of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloy Moreno Roig
- Department of Radiotherapy (MAASTRO)/GROW - School for Developmental Biology and Oncology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Ala Yaromina
- Department of Radiotherapy (MAASTRO)/GROW - School for Developmental Biology and Oncology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Ruud Houben
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MAASTRO Clinic, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Arjan J Groot
- Department of Radiotherapy (MAASTRO)/GROW - School for Developmental Biology and Oncology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Ludwig Dubois
- Department of Radiotherapy (MAASTRO)/GROW - School for Developmental Biology and Oncology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Marc Vooijs
- Department of Radiotherapy (MAASTRO)/GROW - School for Developmental Biology and Oncology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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15
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Gutsche K, Randi EB, Blank V, Fink D, Wenger RH, Leo C, Scholz CC. Intermittent hypoxia confers pro-metastatic gene expression selectively through NF-κB in inflammatory breast cancer cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 101:129-142. [PMID: 27717868 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is the most aggressive form of breast cancer. Treatment options are limited and the mechanisms underlying its aggressiveness are poorly understood. Intermittent hypoxia (IH) causes oxidative stress and is emerging as important regulator of tumor metastasis. Vessels in IBC tumors have been shown to be immature, which is a primary cause of IH. We therefore investigated the relevance of IH for the modulation of gene expression in IBC cells in order to assess IH as potential regulator of IBC aggressiveness. Gene array analysis of IBC cells following chronic IH (45-60 days) demonstrated increased expression of pro-metastatic genes of the extracellular matrix, such as tenascin-C (TNC; an essential factor of the metastatic niche) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), and of pro-inflammatory processes, such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Investigating the oxidative stress-dependent regulation of TNC, we found a gradual sensitivity on mRNA and protein levels. Oxidative stress activated NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), c-Jun and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), but TNC upregulation was only dependent on NF-κB activation. Pharmacological inhibition of inhibitor of NF-κB α (IκBα) phosphorylation as well as overexpression of IκBα prevented TNC, MMP9 and COX-2 induction, whereas the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) increased their expression levels. Analysis of the gene array data showed NF-κB binding sites for 64% of all upregulated genes, linking NF-κB with IH-dependent regulation of pro-metastatic gene expression in IBC cells. Our results provide a first link between intermittent hypoxia and pro-metastatic gene expression in IBC cells, revealing a putative novel mechanism for the high metastatic potential of IBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Gutsche
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Gynecology, University Hospital of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elisa B Randi
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Volker Blank
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Department of Medicine & Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1E2
| | - Daniel Fink
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roland H Wenger
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia Leo
- Department Women and Children, Cantonal Hospital Baden, 5404 Baden, Switzerland.
| | - Carsten C Scholz
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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16
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Higashimura Y, Kitakaze T, Harada N, Inui H, Nakano Y, Yamaji R. pVHL-mediated degradation of HIF-2α regulates estrogen receptor α expression in normoxic breast cancer cells. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:2690-9. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuki Higashimura
- Department of Food Science; Ishikawa Prefectural University; Nonoichi Ishikawa Japan
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Graduate School of Medical Science; Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; Kyoto Japan
| | - Tomoya Kitakaze
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry; Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences; Osaka Prefecture University; Sakai Osaka Japan
| | - Naoki Harada
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry; Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences; Osaka Prefecture University; Sakai Osaka Japan
| | - Hiroshi Inui
- Division of Clinical Nutrition; Graduate School of Comprehensive Rehabilitation; Osaka Prefecture University; Habikino Osaka Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Nakano
- Center of Research and Development of Bioresources; Osaka Prefecture University; Sakai Osaka Japan
| | - Ryoichi Yamaji
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry; Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences; Osaka Prefecture University; Sakai Osaka Japan
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