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Safi R, Menéndez P, Pol A. Lipid droplets provide metabolic flexibility for cancer progression. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:1301-1327. [PMID: 38325881 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
A hallmark of cancer cells is their remarkable ability to efficiently adapt to favorable and hostile environments. Due to a unique metabolic flexibility, tumor cells can grow even in the absence of extracellular nutrients or in stressful scenarios. To achieve this, cancer cells need large amounts of lipids to build membranes, synthesize lipid-derived molecules, and generate metabolic energy in the absence of other nutrients. Tumor cells potentiate strategies to obtain lipids from other cells, metabolic pathways to synthesize new lipids, and mechanisms for efficient storage, mobilization, and utilization of these lipids. Lipid droplets (LDs) are the organelles that collect and supply lipids in eukaryotes and it is increasingly recognized that the accumulation of LDs is a new hallmark of cancer cells. Furthermore, an active role of LD proteins in processes underlying tumorigenesis has been proposed. Here, by focusing on three major classes of LD-resident proteins (perilipins, lipases, and acyl-CoA synthetases), we provide an overview of the contribution of LDs to cancer progression and discuss the role of LD proteins during the proliferation, invasion, metastasis, apoptosis, and stemness of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Safi
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Lipid Trafficking and Disease Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Menéndez
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
- Consorcio Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cancer, CIBER-ONC, ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Network for Advanced Cell Therapies (TERAV), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Pol
- Lipid Trafficking and Disease Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
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2
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Sternak M, Stojak M, Banasik T, Kij A, Bar A, Pacia MZ, Wojnar-Lason K, Chorazy N, Mohaissen T, Marczyk B, Czyzynska-Cichon I, Berkimbayeva Z, Mika A, Chlopicki S. Vascular ATGL-dependent lipolysis and the activation of cPLA 2-PGI 2 pathway protect against postprandial endothelial dysfunction. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:125. [PMID: 38467757 PMCID: PMC10927860 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05167-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) is involved in lipolysis and displays a detrimental pathophysiological role in cardio-metabolic diseases. However, the organo-protective effects of ATGL-induced lipolysis were also suggested. The aim of this work was to characterize the function of lipid droplets (LDs) and ATGL-induced lipolysis in the regulation of endothelial function. ATGL-dependent LDs hydrolysis and cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2)-derived eicosanoids production were studied in the aorta, endothelial and smooth muscle cells exposed to exogenous oleic acid (OA) or arachidonic acid (AA). Functional effects of ATGL-dependent lipolysis and subsequent activation of cPLA2/PGI2 pathway were also studied in vivo in relation to postprandial endothelial dysfunction.The formation of LDs was invariably associated with elevated production of endogenous AA-derived prostacyclin (PGI2). In the presence of the inhibitor of ATGL or the inhibitor of cytosolic phospholipase A2, the production of eicosanoids was reduced, with a concomitant increase in the number of LDs. OA administration impaired endothelial barrier integrity in vitro that was further impaired if OA was given together with ATGL inhibitor. Importantly, in vivo, olive oil induced postprandial endothelial dysfunction that was significantly deteriorated by ATGL inhibition, cPLA2 inhibition or by prostacyclin (IP) receptor blockade.In summary, vascular LDs formation induced by exogenous AA or OA was associated with ATGL- and cPLA2-dependent PGI2 production from endogenous AA. The inhibition of ATGL resulted in an impairment of endothelial barrier function in vitro. The inhibition of ATGL-cPLA2-PGI2 dependent pathway resulted in the deterioration of endothelial function upon exposure to olive oil in vivo. In conclusion, vascular ATGL-cPLA2-PGI2 dependent pathway activated by lipid overload and linked to LDs formation in endothelium and smooth muscle cells has a vasoprotective role by counterbalancing detrimental effects of lipid overload on endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sternak
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, Krakow, Poland.
| | - M Stojak
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, Krakow, Poland
| | - T Banasik
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, Krakow, Poland
| | - A Kij
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, Krakow, Poland
| | - A Bar
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, Krakow, Poland
| | - M Z Pacia
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, Krakow, Poland
| | - K Wojnar-Lason
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, Krakow, Poland
- Medical College, Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University, Grzegorzecka 16, Krakow, Poland
| | - N Chorazy
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, Krakow, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Lojasiewicza 11, Krakow, Poland
| | - T Mohaissen
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, Krakow, Poland
| | - B Marczyk
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, Krakow, Poland
| | - I Czyzynska-Cichon
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, Krakow, Poland
| | - Z Berkimbayeva
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, Krakow, Poland
| | - A Mika
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, Gdansk, Poland
| | - S Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, Krakow, Poland.
- Medical College, Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University, Grzegorzecka 16, Krakow, Poland.
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Awad D, Cao PHA, Pulliam TL, Spradlin M, Subramani E, Tellman TV, Ribeiro CF, Muzzioli R, Jewell BE, Pakula H, Ackroyd JJ, Murray MM, Han JJ, Leng M, Jain A, Piyarathna B, Liu J, Song X, Zhang J, Klekers AR, Drake JM, Ittmann MM, Coarfa C, Piwnica-Worms D, Farach-Carson MC, Loda M, Eberlin LS, Frigo DE. Adipose Triglyceride Lipase Is a Therapeutic Target in Advanced Prostate Cancer That Promotes Metabolic Plasticity. Cancer Res 2024; 84:703-724. [PMID: 38038968 PMCID: PMC10939928 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-0555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Lipid metabolism plays a central role in prostate cancer. To date, the major focus has centered on de novo lipogenesis and lipid uptake in prostate cancer, but inhibitors of these processes have not benefited patients. A better understanding of how cancer cells access lipids once they are created or taken up and stored could uncover more effective strategies to perturb lipid metabolism and treat patients. Here, we identified that expression of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), an enzyme that controls lipid droplet homeostasis and a previously suspected tumor suppressor, correlates with worse overall survival in men with advanced, castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Molecular, genetic, or pharmacologic inhibition of ATGL impaired human and murine prostate cancer growth in vivo and in cell culture or organoids under conditions mimicking the tumor microenvironment. Mass spectrometry imaging demonstrated that ATGL profoundly regulates lipid metabolism in vivo, remodeling membrane composition. ATGL inhibition induced metabolic plasticity, causing a glycolytic shift that could be exploited therapeutically by cotargeting both metabolic pathways. Patient-derived phosphoproteomics identified ATGL serine 404 as a target of CAMKK2-AMPK signaling in CRPC cells. Mutation of serine 404 did not alter the lipolytic activity of ATGL but did decrease CRPC growth, migration, and invasion, indicating that noncanonical ATGL activity also contributes to disease progression. Unbiased immunoprecipitation/mass spectrometry suggested that mutation of serine 404 not only disrupts existing ATGL protein interactions but also leads to new protein-protein interactions. Together, these data nominate ATGL as a therapeutic target for CRPC and provide insights for future drug development and combination therapies. SIGNIFICANCE ATGL promotes prostate cancer metabolic plasticity and progression through both lipase-dependent and lipase-independent activity, informing strategies to target ATGL and lipid metabolism for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Awad
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pham Hong Anh Cao
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Thomas L. Pulliam
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Meredith Spradlin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
- Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Elavarasan Subramani
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tristen V. Tellman
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Caroline F. Ribeiro
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Riccardo Muzzioli
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brittany E. Jewell
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hubert Pakula
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey J. Ackroyd
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mollianne M. Murray
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jenny J. Han
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mei Leng
- Mass Spectrometry Proteomics Core, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Antrix Jain
- Mass Spectrometry Proteomics Core, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Badrajee Piyarathna
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xingzhi Song
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Albert R. Klekers
- Department of Abdominal Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Justin M. Drake
- Departments of Pharmacology and Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, MN, USA
| | - Michael M. Ittmann
- Departments of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - David Piwnica-Worms
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mary C. Farach-Carson
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Massimo Loda
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Livia S. Eberlin
- Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel E. Frigo
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Pyambri M, Lacorte S, Jaumot J, Bedia C. Effects of Indoor Dust Exposure on Lung Cells: Association of Chemical Composition with Phenotypic and Lipid Changes in a 3D Lung Cancer Cell Model. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:20532-20541. [PMID: 38035630 PMCID: PMC10720387 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Indoor dust is a key contributor to the global human exposome in urban areas since the population develops most of its activities in private and public buildings. To gain insight into the health risks associated with this chronic exposure, it is necessary to characterize the chemical composition of dust and understand its biological impacts using reliable physiological models. The present study investigated the biological effects of chemically characterized indoor dust extracts using three-dimensional (3D) lung cancer cell cultures combining phenotypic and lipidomic analyses. Apart from the assessment of cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) induction, and interleukin-8 release, lipidomics was applied to capture the main lipid changes induced as a cellular response to the extracted dust compounds. The application of chemometric tools enabled the finding of associations between chemical compounds present in dust and lipidic and phenotypic profiles in the cells. This study contributes to a better understanding of the toxicity mechanisms associated with exposure to chemical pollutants present in indoor dust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Pyambri
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sílvia Lacorte
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Jaumot
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Bedia
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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5
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Jovičić EJ, Janež AP, Eichmann TO, Koren Š, Brglez V, Jordan PM, Gerstmeier J, Lainšček D, Golob-Urbanc A, Jerala R, Lambeau G, Werz O, Zimmermann R, Petan T. Lipid droplets control mitogenic lipid mediator production in human cancer cells. Mol Metab 2023; 76:101791. [PMID: 37586657 PMCID: PMC10470291 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are structural components of membrane phospholipids and precursors of oxygenated lipid mediators with diverse functions, including the control of cell growth, inflammation and tumourigenesis. However, the molecular pathways that control the availability of PUFAs for lipid mediator production are not well understood. Here, we investigated the crosstalk of three pathways in the provision of PUFAs for lipid mediator production: (i) secreted group X phospholipase A2 (GX sPLA2) and (ii) cytosolic group IVA PLA2 (cPLA2α), both mobilizing PUFAs from membrane phospholipids, and (iii) adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), which mediates the degradation of triacylglycerols (TAGs) stored in cytosolic lipid droplets (LDs). METHODS We combined lipidomic and functional analyses in cancer cell line models to dissect the trafficking of PUFAs between membrane phospholipids and LDs and determine the role of these pathways in lipid mediator production, cancer cell proliferation and tumour growth in vivo. RESULTS We demonstrate that lipid mediator production strongly depends on TAG turnover. GX sPLA2 directs ω-3 and ω-6 PUFAs from membrane phospholipids into TAG stores, whereas ATGL is required for their entry into lipid mediator biosynthetic pathways. ATGL controls the release of PUFAs from LD stores and their conversion into cyclooxygenase- and lipoxygenase-derived lipid mediators under conditions of nutrient sufficiency and during serum starvation. In starving cells, ATGL also promotes the incorporation of LD-derived PUFAs into phospholipids, representing substrates for cPLA2α. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the built-up of TAG stores by acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) is required for the production of mitogenic lipid signals that promote cancer cell proliferation and tumour growth. CONCLUSION This study shifts the paradigm of PLA2-driven lipid mediator signalling and identifies LDs as central lipid mediator production hubs. Targeting DGAT1-mediated LD biogenesis is a promising strategy to restrict lipid mediator production and tumour growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Jarc Jovičić
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anja Pucer Janež
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Thomas O Eichmann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Center for Explorative Lipidomics, BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Špela Koren
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vesna Brglez
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Paul M Jordan
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Jana Gerstmeier
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Duško Lainšček
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia; EN-FIST, Centre of Excellence, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anja Golob-Urbanc
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Roman Jerala
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia; EN-FIST, Centre of Excellence, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gérard Lambeau
- Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC), UMR7275, Valbonne Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Oliver Werz
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Robert Zimmermann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Toni Petan
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Li C, Wang F, Cui L, Li S, Zhao J, Liao L. Association between abnormal lipid metabolism and tumor. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1134154. [PMID: 37305043 PMCID: PMC10248433 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1134154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic Reprogramming is a sign of tumor, and as one of the three major substances metabolism, lipid has an obvious impact. Abnormal lipid metabolism is related to the occurrence of various diseases, and the proportion of people with abnormal lipid metabolism is increasing year by year. Lipid metabolism is involved in the occurrence, development, invasion, and metastasis of tumors by regulating various oncogenic signal pathways. The differences in lipid metabolism among different tumors are related to various factors such as tumor origin, regulation of lipid metabolism pathways, and diet. This article reviews the synthesis and regulatory pathways of lipids, as well as the research progress on cholesterol, triglycerides, sphingolipids, lipid related lipid rafts, adipocytes, lipid droplets, and lipid-lowering drugs in relation to tumors and their drug resistance. It also points out the limitations of current research and potential tumor treatment targets and drugs in the lipid metabolism pathway. Research and intervention on lipid metabolism abnormalities may provide new ideas for the treatment and survival prognosis of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, China
| | - Lili Cui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, China
| | - Shaoxin Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, China
| | - Junyu Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Liao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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7
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Xu M, Chen X, Yu Z, Li X. Receptors that bind to PEDF and their therapeutic roles in retinal diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1116136. [PMID: 37139333 PMCID: PMC10149954 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1116136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal neovascular, neurodegenerative, and inflammatory diseases represented by diabetic retinopathy are the main types of blinding eye disorders that continually cause the increased burden worldwide. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is an endogenous factor with multiple effects including neurotrophic activity, anti-angiogenesis, anti-tumorigenesis, and anti-inflammatory activity. PEDF activity depends on the interaction with the proteins on the cell surface. At present, seven independent receptors, including adipose triglyceride lipase, laminin receptor, lipoprotein receptor-related protein, plexin domain-containing 1, plexin domain-containing 2, F1-ATP synthase, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, have been demonstrated and confirmed to be high affinity receptors for PEDF. Understanding the interactions between PEDF and PEDF receptors, their roles in normal cellular metabolism and the response the initiate in disease will be accommodating for elucidating the ways in which inflammation, angiogenesis, and neurodegeneration exacerbate disease pathology. In this review, we firstly introduce PEDF receptors comprehensively, focusing particularly on their expression pattern, ligands, related diseases, and signal transduction pathways, respectively. We also discuss the interactive ways of PEDF and receptors to expand the prospective understanding of PEDF receptors in the diagnosis and treatment of retinal diseases.
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8
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Lung Lipidomic Alterations in Beagle Dogs Infected with Toxocara canis. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12223080. [PMID: 36428308 PMCID: PMC9686702 DOI: 10.3390/ani12223080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxocariasis, mainly caused by Toxocara canis, and to a lesser extent, Toxocara cati, is a neglected parasitic zoonosis. The mechanisms that underlie the changes in lipid metabolism of T. canis infection in Beagle dogs' lungs remain unclear. Lipidomics is a rapidly emerging approach that enables the global profiling of lipid composition by mass spectrometry. In this study, we performed a non-targeted lipidomic analysis of the lungs of Beagle dogs infected with the roundworm T. canis using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). A total of 1197 lipid species were identified, of which 63, 88, and 157 lipid species were significantly altered at 24 h post-infection (hpi), 96 hpi, and 36 days post-infection (dpi), respectively. This global lipidomic profiling identified infection-specific lipid signatures for lung toxocariasis, and represented a comprehensive comparison between the lipid composition of dogs' lungs in the presence and absence of T. canis infection. The potential roles of the identified lipid species in the pathogenesis of T. canis are discussed, which has important implications for better understanding the interaction mechanism between T. canis and the host lung.
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9
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Geng J, Zhang Y, Meng Q, Yan H, Wang Y. The role of liver kinase B1 in tumor progression through regulation of lipid metabolism. Clin Transl Oncol 2022; 24:2045-2054. [PMID: 35896782 PMCID: PMC9522762 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02863-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/30/2022]
Abstract
The somatic mutation of liver kinase B1 (LKB1) has been implicated in various tumors, which is reflected in the survival, proliferation, and metastasis of tumor cells. However, the regulation of LKB1 in lipid metabolism, a process that is involved in tumor progression is not completely clear. We conclude that LKB1 deficiency results in abnormal expression and activation of multiple molecules related to lipid metabolism which locate downstream of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) or salt-induced kinase (SIK). Abnormal lipid metabolism induced by LKB1 deficiency contributes to the proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells through energy regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialu Geng
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yanghe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Qingfei Meng
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Hang Yan
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yishu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
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10
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Ma R, Chu X, Jiang Y, Xu Q. Pigment epithelium-derived factor, an anti-VEGF factor, delays ovarian cancer progression by alleviating polarization of tumor-associated macrophages. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:1332-1341. [PMID: 35246611 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-022-00447-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most dangerous gynecological malignancies with no effective treatment so far. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) has been reported to have ideal anti-tumor effects, but its relationship with the regulation of tumor-associated macrophage polarization is currently unclear. In this study, the mRNA expression of PEDF and macrophage markers were determined in OC tissues from clinic patients and five OC (A2780, SKOV3, CAOV3, OVCAR3, and OVCA433) cell lines through quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Afterwards, tumor growth, cell proliferation and apoptosis, and macrophage polarization in OC tumor-bearing mice with PEDF overexpression were recorded and investigated. Finally, the polarization of macrophages was explored in the presence of lentiviral PEDF overexpression, adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and laminin receptor (LR) knockdown, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway inhibition. Our results suggest that PEDF mRNA level is significantly decreased in OC tissues and cells and has a significant negative correlation with OC progression and the level of tumor-related macrophage markers. Furthermore, OC tumors overexpressing PEDF show suppressed growth viability and increased apoptosis rate. The fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis reveals that PEDF can promote macrophage polarization in OC tumors towards M1 subtype. Mechanistically, we found that ATGL and extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling are involved in the regulation of macrophage polarization in OC tumors by PEDF. Taken together, these data indicate that the role of PEDF in regulating the polarization of tumor-associated macrophages may make it a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of OC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Xiaolin Chu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yiting Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Qing Xu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, 200072, China.
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11
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Lan F, Chen X, Xiong Z, Cao Z, Lu L, Zhong Y, Zhan X, Yang Y, Shao Y, Li M, Han Z, Zhu X. Comprehensive transcriptomic and co-expression analysis of ABL1 gene and molecularly targeted drugs in hepatocellular carcinoma based on multi-database mining. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 39:146. [PMID: 35834027 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01730-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide. Consequently, it is essential to identify biomarkers for treatment response and the prognosis prediction. We investigated whether ABL1 can function as a biomarker or a drug target for HCC. We assessed the ABL1 expression, genetic alterations and patients' survival from LinkedOmics, GEO, TCGA and Human Protein Atlas. We analyzed PPI, GO and KEGG pathways. GSEA was analyzed for functional comparison. The current drugs targeting ABL1 were statistically analyzed using DRUGSURV and DGIdb database. We found ABL1 is overexpressed in HCC and its higher expression reduces survival probability. Genetic changes of ABL1 are not frequent. We screened out 25 differentially expressed genes correlated with ABL1. The top functions of ABL1 are biological regulation, metabolic process, protein-containing, and protein binding. KEGG pathways showed that ABL1 and correlated with ABL1 significantly genes markedly enriched in the ErbB signaling pathway, and pathways in cancer. We counted the existing drugs targeting ABL1, which indicates that inhibiting ABL1 expression may improve the survival probability of HCC. In conclusion, ABL1 plays a crucial role in the development and progression of this cancerization and is a potential drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Lan
- Medical Genetics Center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinqia Chen
- Zhu's Team, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhuolong Xiong
- Zhu's Team, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zitong Cao
- Zhu's Team, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Liangzong Lu
- Zhu's Team, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yueyuan Zhong
- Zhu's Team, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xuliang Zhan
- Zhu's Team, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Zhu's Team, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yingqi Shao
- Zhu's Team, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Minhua Li
- Zhu's Team, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zenglei Han
- Department of Pathology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China.
| | - Xiao Zhu
- Zhu's Team, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China. .,School of Laboratory Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.
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12
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Zhang R, Meng J, Yang S, Liu W, Shi L, Zeng J, Chang J, Liang B, Liu N, Xing D. Recent Advances on the Role of ATGL in Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:944025. [PMID: 35912266 PMCID: PMC9326118 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.944025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypoxic state of the tumor microenvironment leads to reprogramming lipid metabolism in tumor cells. Adipose triglyceride lipase, also known as patatin-like phospholipase= domain-containing protein 2 and Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), as an essential lipid metabolism-regulating enzyme in cells, is regulated accordingly under hypoxia induction. However, studies revealed that ATGL exhibits both tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressing effects, which depend on the cancer cell type and the site of tumorigenesis. For example, elevated ATGL expression in breast cancer is accompanied by enhanced fatty acid oxidation (FAO), enhancing cancer cells’ metastatic ability. In prostate cancer, on the other hand, tumor activity tends to be negatively correlated with ATGL expression. This review outlined the regulation of ATGL-mediated lipid metabolism pathways in tumor cells, emphasizing the Hypoxia-inducible factors 1 (HIF-1)/Hypoxia-inducible lipid droplet-associated (HIG-2)/ATGL axis, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)/G0/G1 switch gene 2 (G0S2)/ATGL axis, and fat-specific protein 27 (FSP-27)/Early growth response protein 1 (EGR-1)/ATGL axis. In the light of recent research on different cancer types, the role of ATGL on tumorigenesis, tumor proliferation, and tumor metastasis was systemically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renshuai Zhang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Jingsen Meng
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Shanbo Yang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Lingyu Shi
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Jun Zeng
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Chang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Bing Liang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Ning Liu, ; Dongming Xing,
| | - Dongming Xing
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ning Liu, ; Dongming Xing,
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13
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Cui MY, Yi X, Zhu DX, Wu J. The Role of Lipid Metabolism in Gastric Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:916661. [PMID: 35785165 PMCID: PMC9240397 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.916661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer has been one of the most common cancers worldwide with extensive metastasis and high mortality. Chemotherapy has been found as a main treatment for metastatic gastric cancer, whereas drug resistance limits the effectiveness of chemotherapy and leads to treatment failure. Chemotherapy resistance in gastric cancer has a complex and multifactorial mechanism, among which lipid metabolism plays a vital role. Increased synthesis of new lipids or uptake of exogenous lipids can facilitate the rapid growth of cancer cells and tumor formation. Lipids form the structural basis of biofilms while serving as signal molecules and energy sources. It is noteworthy that lipid metabolism is capable of inducing drug resistance in gastric cancer cells by reshaping the tumor micro-environment. In this study, new mechanisms of lipid metabolism in gastric cancer and the metabolic pathways correlated with chemotherapy resistance are reviewed. In particular, we discuss the effects of lipid metabolism on autophagy, biomarkers treatment and drug resistance in gastric cancer from the perspective of lipid metabolism. In brief, new insights can be gained into the development of promising therapies through an in-depth investigation of the mechanism of lipid metabolism reprogramming and resensitization to chemotherapy in gastric cancer cells, and scientific treatment can be provided by applying lipid-key enzyme inhibitors as cancer chemical sensitizers in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jun Wu
- *Correspondence: Jun Wu, ; Dan-Xia Zhu,
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14
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Wang Y, Fang T, Wang Y, Yin X, Zhang L, Zhang X, Zhang D, Zhang Y, Wang X, Wang H, Xue Y. Impact of AADAC gene expression on prognosis in patients with Borrmann type III advanced gastric cancer. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:635. [PMID: 35681154 PMCID: PMC9178847 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09594-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prognosis of Borrmann type III advanced gastric cancer (AGC) is known to vary significantly among patients. This study aimed to determine which differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are directly related to the survival time of Borrmann type III AGC patients and to construct a prognostic model. Methods We selected 25 patients with Borrmann type III AGC who underwent radical gastrectomy. According to the difference in overall survival (OS), the patients were divided into group A (OS<1 year, n=11) and group B (OS>3 years, n=14). DEGs related to survival time in patients with Borrmann type III AGC were determined by mRNA sequencing. The prognosis and functional differences of DEGs in different populations were determined by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) public databases. The expression of mRNA and protein in cell lines was detected by quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot (WB). Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was used to detect protein expression in the paraffin-embedded tissues of 152 patients with Borrmann type III AGC who underwent radical gastrectomy. After survival analysis, nomograms were constructed to predict the prognosis of patients with Borrmann type III AGC. Results Arylacetamide deacetylase (AADAC) is a survival-related DEG in patients with Borrmann type III AGC. The higher the expression level of its mRNA and protein is, the better the prognosis of patients. Bioinformatics analysis found that AADAC showed significant differences in prognosis and function in European and American populations and Asian populations. In addition, the mRNA and protein expression levels of AADAC were high in differentiated gastric cancer (GC) cells. We also found that AADAC was an independent prognostic factor for patients with Borrmann type III AGC, and its high expression was significantly correlated with better OS and disease-free survival (DFS). Nomogram models of AADAC expression level combined with clinicopathological features can be used to predict the OS and DFS of Borrmann type III AGC. Conclusion AADAC can be used as a biomarker to predict the prognosis of Borrmann type III AGC and has the potential to become a new therapeutic target for GC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-09594-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Tianyi Fang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yimin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xin Yin
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinghai Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Daoxu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xibo Wang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yingwei Xue
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
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15
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Kanti MM, Striessnig-Bina I, Wieser BI, Schauer S, Leitinger G, Eichmann TO, Schweiger M, Winkler M, Winter E, Lana A, Kufferath I, Marsh LM, Kwapiszewska G, Zechner R, Hoefler G, Vesely PW. Adipose triglyceride lipase-mediated lipid catabolism is essential for bronchiolar regeneration. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e149438. [PMID: 35349484 PMCID: PMC9090255 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.149438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The lung airways are constantly exposed to inhaled toxic substances, resulting in cellular damage that is repaired by local expansion of resident bronchiolar epithelial club cells. Disturbed bronchiolar epithelial damage repair lies at the core of many prevalent lung diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, pulmonary fibrosis, and lung cancer. However, it is still not known how bronchiolar club cell energy metabolism contributes to this process. Here, we show that adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), the rate-limiting enzyme for intracellular lipolysis, is critical for normal club cell function in mice. Deletion of the gene encoding ATGL, Pnpla2 (also known as Atgl), induced substantial triglyceride accumulation, decreased mitochondrial numbers, and decreased mitochondrial respiration in club cells. This defect manifested as bronchiolar epithelial thickening and increased airway resistance under baseline conditions. After naphthalene‑induced epithelial denudation, a regenerative defect was apparent. Mechanistically, dysfunctional PPARα lipid-signaling underlies this phenotype because (a) ATGL was needed for PPARα lipid-signaling in regenerating bronchioles and (b) administration of the specific PPARα agonist WY14643 restored normal bronchiolar club cell ultrastructure and regenerative potential. Our data emphasize the importance of the cellular energy metabolism for lung epithelial regeneration and highlight the significance of ATGL-mediated lipid catabolism for lung health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manu Manjunath Kanti
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Isabelle Striessnig-Bina
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Beatrix Irene Wieser
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Silvia Schauer
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gerd Leitinger
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology, and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas O. Eichmann
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Core Facility Mass Spectrometry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Martina Schweiger
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Margit Winkler
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Elke Winter
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andrea Lana
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Iris Kufferath
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Leigh Matthew Marsh
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Grazyna Kwapiszewska
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Institute for Lung Health, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rudolf Zechner
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gerald Hoefler
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Paul Willibald Vesely
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
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16
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Grabner GF, Guttenberger N, Mayer N, Migglautsch-Sulzer AK, Lembacher-Fadum C, Fawzy N, Bulfon D, Hofer P, Züllig T, Hartig L, Kulminskaya N, Chalhoub G, Schratter M, Radner FPW, Preiss-Landl K, Masser S, Lass A, Zechner R, Gruber K, Oberer M, Breinbauer R, Zimmermann R. Small-Molecule Inhibitors Targeting Lipolysis in Human Adipocytes. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:6237-6250. [PMID: 35362954 PMCID: PMC9011347 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Chronically elevated
circulating fatty acid levels promote lipid
accumulation in nonadipose tissues and cause lipotoxicity. Adipose
triglyceride lipase (ATGL) critically determines the release of fatty
acids from white adipose tissue, and accumulating evidence suggests
that inactivation of ATGL has beneficial effects on lipotoxicity-driven
disorders including insulin resistance, steatohepatitis, and heart
disease, classifying ATGL as a promising drug target. Here, we report
on the development and biological characterization of the first small-molecule
inhibitor of human ATGL. This inhibitor, designated NG-497, selectively
inactivates human and nonhuman primate ATGL but not structurally and
functionally related lipid hydrolases. We demonstrate that NG-497
abolishes lipolysis in human adipocytes in a dose-dependent and reversible
manner. The combined analysis of mouse- and human-selective inhibitors,
chimeric ATGL proteins, and homology models revealed detailed insights
into enzyme–inhibitor interactions. NG-497 binds ATGL within
a hydrophobic cavity near the active site. Therein, three amino acid
residues determine inhibitor efficacy and species selectivity and
thus provide the molecular scaffold for selective inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gernot F Grabner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Nikolaus Guttenberger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Nicole Mayer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | | | | | - Nermeen Fawzy
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Dominik Bulfon
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Hofer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Züllig
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Lennart Hartig
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Natalia Kulminskaya
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Gabriel Chalhoub
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Margarita Schratter
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Franz P W Radner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Karina Preiss-Landl
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Sarah Masser
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Achim Lass
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Rudolf Zechner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/2, 8010 Graz, Austria.,BioHealth Field of Excellence, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 3, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Karl Gruber
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/2, 8010 Graz, Austria.,BioHealth Field of Excellence, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 3, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Monika Oberer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/2, 8010 Graz, Austria.,BioHealth Field of Excellence, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 3, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Rolf Breinbauer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Robert Zimmermann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/2, 8010 Graz, Austria.,BioHealth Field of Excellence, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 3, 8010 Graz, Austria
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17
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Adipose Triglyceride Lipase in Hepatic Physiology and Pathophysiology. Biomolecules 2021; 12:biom12010057. [PMID: 35053204 PMCID: PMC8773762 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is extremely active in oxidizing triglycerides (TG) for energy production. An imbalance between TG synthesis and hydrolysis leads to metabolic disorders in the liver, including excessive lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, and ultimately liver damage. Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) is the rate-limiting enzyme that catalyzes the first step of TG breakdown to glycerol and fatty acids. Although its role in controlling lipid homeostasis has been relatively well-studied in the adipose tissue, heart, and skeletal muscle, it remains largely unknown how and to what extent ATGL is regulated in the liver, responds to stimuli and regulators, and mediates disease progression. Therefore, in this review, we describe the current understanding of the structure–function relationship of ATGL, the molecular mechanisms of ATGL regulation at translational and post-translational levels, and—most importantly—its role in lipid and glucose homeostasis in health and disease with a focus on the liver. Advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying hepatic lipid accumulation are crucial to the development of targeted therapies for treating hepatic metabolic disorders.
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18
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Elevated ATGL in colon cancer cells and cancer stem cells promotes metabolic and tumorigenic reprogramming reinforced by obesity. Oncogenesis 2021; 10:82. [PMID: 34845203 PMCID: PMC8630180 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-021-00373-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide epidemic associated with increased risk and progression of colon cancer. Here, we aimed to determine the role of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), responsible for intracellular lipid droplet (LD) utilization, in obesity-driven colonic tumorigenesis. In local colon cancer patients, significantly increased ATGL levels in tumor tissue, compared to controls, were augmented in obese individuals. Elevated ATGL levels in human colon cancer cells (CCC) relative to non-transformed were augmented by an obesity mediator, oleic acid (OA). In CCC and colonospheres, enriched in colon cancer stem cells (CCSC), inhibition of ATGL prevented LDs utilization and inhibited OA-stimulated growth through retinoblastoma-mediated cell cycle arrest. Further, transcriptomic analysis of CCC, with inhibited ATGL, revealed targeted pathways driving tumorigenesis, and high-fat-diet obesity facilitated tumorigenic pathways. Inhibition of ATGL in colonospheres revealed targeted pathways in human colonic tumor crypt base cells (enriched in CCSC) derived from colon cancer patients. In CCC and colonospheres, we validated selected transcripts targeted by ATGL inhibition, some with emerging roles in colonic tumorigeneses (ATG2B, PCK2, PGAM1, SPTLC2, IGFBP1, and ABCC3) and others with established roles (MYC and MUC2). These findings demonstrate obesity-promoted, ATGL-mediated colonic tumorigenesis and establish the therapeutic significance of ATGL in obesity-reinforced colon cancer progression.
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19
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Castelli S, De Falco P, Ciccarone F, Desideri E, Ciriolo MR. Lipid Catabolism and ROS in Cancer: A Bidirectional Liaison. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215484. [PMID: 34771647 PMCID: PMC8583096 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although cancer cell metabolism was mainly considered to rely on glycolysis, with the concomitant impairment of mitochondrial metabolism, it has recently been demonstrated that several tumor types are sustained by oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). In this context, endogenous fatty acids (FAs) deriving from lipolysis or lipophagy are oxidised into the mitochondrion, and are used as a source of energy through OXPHOS. Because the electron transport chain is the main source of ROS, cancer cells relying on fatty acid oxidation (FAO) need to be equipped with antioxidant systems that maintain the ROS levels under the death threshold. In those conditions, ROS can act as second messengers, favouring proliferation and survival. Herein, we highlight the different responses that tumor cells adopt when lipid catabolism is augmented, taking into account the different ROS fates. Many papers have demonstrated that the pro- or anti-tumoral roles of endogenous FA usage are hugely dependent on the tumor type, and on the capacity of cancer cells to maintain redox homeostasis. In light of this, clinical studies have taken advantage of the boosting of lipid catabolism to increase the efficacy of tumor therapy, whereas, in other contexts, antioxidant compounds are useful to reduce the pro-survival effects of ROS deriving from FAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Castelli
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (P.D.F.); (E.D.)
| | - Pamela De Falco
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (P.D.F.); (E.D.)
| | - Fabio Ciccarone
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy;
| | - Enrico Desideri
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (P.D.F.); (E.D.)
| | - Maria Rosa Ciriolo
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (P.D.F.); (E.D.)
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via Della Pisana 235, 00163 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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20
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Qiao R, Li M, Zhong R, Wei Y, Wang J, Zhang Z, Wang L, Xu T, Wang Y, Dai L, Gu W, Han B, Yang R. The Association Between PNPLA2 Methylation in Peripheral Blood and Early-Stage Lung Cancer in a Case-Control Study. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:7919-7927. [PMID: 34703313 PMCID: PMC8526517 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s329629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Lung cancer (LC) brings great burden to the society worldwide. Exploring novel biomarkers in vitro for the early detection of LC would be of great importance. Patients and Methods We measured DNA methylation levels of 21 CpG sites within Patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 2 (PNPLA2) gene in the peripheral blood of 168 early-stage LC cases (94.0% LC at stage I) and 187 age- and gender-matched cancer-free controls. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using logistic regression adjusted for covariates. Non-parametric tests were applied for the comparisons of stratified groups. Results Hypomethylation of PNPLA2_CpG_8,10 and hypermethylation of PNPLA2_CpG_9 were correlated to the early-stage LC with the ORs of 1.44 (95% CI: 1.06–1.96, P = 0.018) and 0.82 (95% CI: 0.69–0.98, P = 0.029), respectively. The associations were still significant for the very early-stage LC patients (stage I). Further gender- and age-stratified analyses indicated that the association between hypomethylation of PNPLA2_CpG_8,10 and LC existed only in females and in subjects younger than 55 years. In addition, the association between LC and hypermethylation of PNPLA2_CpG_6 and PNPLA2_CpG_9 was also observed in the younger population. Conclusion Taken together, our study has proved the hypothesis that the altered methylation in the peripheral blood may be correlated with the burden of cancer at an early stage. Here, we find a novel association between blood-based aberrant PNPLA2 methylation and LC at a very early stage and particularly for women at a younger age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Qiao
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengxia Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, People's Republic of China
| | - Runbo Zhong
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Wei
- Nanjing TANTICA Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Nanjing, 210000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- Nanjing TANTICA Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Nanjing, 210000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Nanjing TANTICA Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Nanjing, 210000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Wang
- Nanjing TANTICA Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Nanjing, 210000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Dai
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanjian Gu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210000, People's Republic of China
| | - Baohui Han
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongxi Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, People's Republic of China.,Nanjing TANTICA Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Nanjing, 210000, People's Republic of China
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21
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Yin L, Wang Y. Long non-coding RNA NEAT1 facilitates the growth, migration, and invasion of ovarian cancer cells via the let-7 g/MEST/ATGL axis. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:437. [PMID: 34416900 PMCID: PMC8379830 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02018-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aim Growing evidence indicates a significant role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) nuclear-enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1) in ovarian cancer, a frequently occurring malignant tumor in women; however, the possible effects of an interplay of NEAT1 with microRNA (miRNA or miR) let-7 g in ovarian cancer are not known. The current study aimed to investigate the role of the NEAT1/let-7 g axis in the growth, migration, and invasion of ovarian cancer cells and explore underlying mechanisms. Methods NEAT1 expression levels were examined in clinical tissue samples and cell lines. The relationships between NEAT1, let-7 g, and MEST were then analyzed. Gain- or loss-of-function approaches were used to manipulate NEAT1 and let-7 g. The effects of NEAT1 on cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis were evaluated. Mouse xenograft models of ovarian cancer cells were established to verify the function of NEAT1 in vivo. Results NEAT1 expression was elevated while let-7 g was decreased in ovarian cancer clinical tissue samples and cell lines. A negative correlation existed between NEAT1 and let-7 g, whereby NEAT1 competitively bound to let-7 g and consequently down-regulate let-7 g expression. By this mechanism, the growth, migration, and invasion of ovarian cancer cells were stimulated. In addition, let-7 g targeted mesoderm specific transcript (MEST) and inhibited its expression, leading to promotion of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) expression and inhibition of ovarian cancer cell growth, migration, and invasion. However, the effect of let-7 g was abolished by overexpression of MEST. Furthermore, silencing of NEAT1 decreased the xenograft tumor growth by decreasing MEST while up-regulating let-7 g and ATGL. Conclusions Cumulatively, the findings demonstrated that NEAT1 could promote malignant phenotypes of ovarian cancer cells by regulating the let-7 g/MEST/ATGL signaling axis. Therefore, NEAT1 can be regarded as an important molecular target and biomarker for ovarian cancer. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-021-02018-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Yin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110004, P.R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110004, P.R. China.
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22
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Honeder S, Tomin T, Nebel L, Gindlhuber J, Fritz-Wallace K, Schinagl M, Heininger C, Schittmayer M, Ghaffari-Tabrizi-Wizsy N, Birner-Gruenberger R. Adipose Triglyceride Lipase Loss Promotes a Metabolic Switch in A549 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cell Spheroids. Mol Cell Proteomics 2021; 20:100095. [PMID: 33992777 PMCID: PMC8214150 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2021.100095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells undergo complex metabolic adaptations to survive and thrive in challenging environments. This is particularly prominent for solid tumors, where cells in the core of the tumor are under severe hypoxia and nutrient deprivation. However, such conditions are often not recapitulated in the typical 2D in vitro cancer models, where oxygen as well as nutrient exposure is quite uniform. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of a key neutral lipid hydrolase, namely adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), in cancer cells that are exposed to more tumor-like conditions. To that end, we cultured lung cancer cells lacking ATGL as multicellular spheroids in 3D and subjected them to comprehensive proteomics analysis and metabolic phenotyping. Proteomics data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD021105. As a result, we report that loss of ATGL enhanced growth of spheroids and facilitated their adaptation to hypoxia, by increasing the influx of glucose and endorsing a pro-Warburg effect. This was followed by changes in lipid metabolism and an increase in protein production. Interestingly, the observed phenotype was also recapitulated in an even more "in vivo like" setup, when cancer spheroids were grown on chick chorioallantoic membrane, but not when cells were cultured as a 2D monolayer. In addition, we demonstrate that according to the publicly available cancer databases, an inverse relation between ATGL expression and higher glucose dependence can be observed. In conclusion, we provide indications that ATGL is involved in regulation of glucose metabolism of cancer cells when grown in 3D (mimicking solid tumors) and as such could be an important factor of the treatment outcome for some cancer types. Finally, we also ratify the need for alternative cell culture models, as the majority of phenotypes observed in 3D and spheroids grown on chick chorioallantoic membrane were not observed in 2D cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Honeder
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Omics Center Graz, BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Tamara Tomin
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Omics Center Graz, BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria; Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Laura Nebel
- Otto Loewi Research Center - Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; QPS Austria GmbH, Grambach, Austria
| | - Jürgen Gindlhuber
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Omics Center Graz, BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Katarina Fritz-Wallace
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Maximilian Schinagl
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Omics Center Graz, BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christoph Heininger
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Omics Center Graz, BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Matthias Schittmayer
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Omics Center Graz, BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria; Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Ruth Birner-Gruenberger
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Omics Center Graz, BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria; Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria.
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23
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ROS-dependent HIF1α activation under forced lipid catabolism entails glycolysis and mitophagy as mediators of higher proliferation rate in cervical cancer cells. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:94. [PMID: 33706793 PMCID: PMC7948341 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-01887-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background In the last decades, the concept of metabolic rewiring as a cancer hallmark has been expanded beyond the “Warburg effect” and the importance of other metabolic routes, including lipid metabolism, has emerged. In cancer, lipids are not only a source of energy but are also required for the formation of membranes building blocks, signaling and post-translational modification of proteins. Since lipid metabolism contributes to the malignancy of cancer cells, it is an attractive target for therapeutic strategies. Methods Over-expression of the adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) was used to boost lipid catabolism in cervical cancer cells. The cervical cancer cell line HeLa was employed as the primary experimental model for all subsequent studies. The lipolytic activity of ATGL was mimicked by caproate, a short-chain fatty acid that is efficiently oxidized in mitochondria. Results Here, we provide evidence of the association between boosted lipid catabolism and the increased proliferation and migration capability of cervical cancer cells. These pro-tumoral effects were ascribed to the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated induction of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1α) triggered by the increased mitochondrial fatty acids (FAs) oxidation. HIF1α activation increases glycolytic flux and lactate production, promoting cell proliferation. At the same time, HIF1α increases protein and mRNA levels of its known target BCL2 and adenovirus E1B 19-kDa-interacting protein 3 (BNIP3), which in turn activates mitophagy as a pro-survival process, as demonstrated by the induction of apoptosis upon inhibition of mitophagy. These effects were mimicked by the short-chain fatty acid caproate, confirming that forcing lipid catabolism results in HIF1α induction. Conclusions Boosting lipid catabolism by ATGL over-expression has a pro-tumor role in cervical cancer cells, dependent on ROS production and HIF1α induction. Together with the bioinformatics evidence of the correlation of ATGL activity with the aggressiveness of cervical cancer cells, our data suggest that ATGL could be a promising prognostic marker for cervical cancer and highlight the need of further investigations on the role of this lipase in cancer cells. This evidence could be exploited to develop new personalized therapy, based on the functionality of the antioxidant equipment of cancer cells, considering that ROS content could affect ATGL role. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-021-01887-w.
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24
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Yin H, Li W, Mo L, Deng S, Lin W, Ma C, Luo Z, Luo C, Hong H. Adipose triglyceride lipase promotes the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells via enhancing the lipolytic pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:3963-3975. [PMID: 33621408 PMCID: PMC8051714 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal lipid metabolism is the sign of tumour cells. Previous researches have revealed that the lipolytic pathway may contribute to the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) role in CRC cells remains unclear. Here, we find that elevated ATGL positively correlates with CRC clinical stages and negatively associates with overall survival. Overexpression of ATGL significantly promotes CRC cell proliferation, while knockdown of ATGL inhibits the proliferation and promotes the apoptosis of CRC cells in vitro. Moreover, in vivo experiments, ATGL promotes the growth of CRC cells. Mechanistically, ATGL enhances the carcinogenic function of CRC cells via promoting sphingolipid metabolism and CoA biosynthesis pathway‐related gene levels by degrading triglycerides, which provides adequate nutrition for the progression of CRC. Our researches clarify for the first time that ATGL is a novel oncogene in CRC and may provide an important prognostic factor and therapeutic target for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haofan Yin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wentao Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Laiming Mo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shaotuan Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weijia Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Caiqi Ma
- Reproductive Medical Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaofan Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chuanghua Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Honghai Hong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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25
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Chen G, Zhou G, Lotvola A, Granneman JG, Wang J. ABHD5 suppresses cancer cell anabolism through lipolysis-dependent activation of the AMPK/mTORC1 pathway. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100104. [PMID: 33219129 PMCID: PMC7949079 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
ABHD5 is an essential coactivator of ATGL, the rate-limiting triglyceride (TG) lipase in many cell types. Importantly, ABHD5 also functions as a tumor suppressor, and ABHD5 mRNA expression levels correlate with patient survival for several cancers. Nevertheless, the mechanisms involved in ABHD5-dependent tumor suppression are not known. We found that overexpression of ABHD5 induces cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase and causes growth retardation in a panel of prostate cancer cells. Transcriptomic profiling and biochemical analysis revealed that genetic or pharmacological activation of lipolysis by ABHD5 potently inhibits mTORC1 signaling, leading to a significant downregulation of protein synthesis. Mechanistically, we found that ABHD5 elevates intracellular AMP content, which activates AMPK, leading to inhibition of mTORC1. Interestingly, ABHD5-dependent suppression of mTORC1 was abrogated by pharmacological inhibition of DGAT1 or DGAT2, isoenzymes that re-esterify fatty acids in a process that consumes ATP. Collectively, this study maps out a novel molecular pathway crucial for limiting cancer cell proliferation, in which ABHD5-mediated lipolysis creates an energy-consuming futile cycle between TG hydrolysis and resynthesis, leading to inhibition of mTORC1 and cancer cell growth arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Chen
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Guoli Zhou
- Biomedical Research Informatics Core, Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Aaron Lotvola
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - James G Granneman
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
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26
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Bacci M, Lorito N, Smiriglia A, Morandi A. Fat and Furious: Lipid Metabolism in Antitumoral Therapy Response and Resistance. Trends Cancer 2020; 7:198-213. [PMID: 33281098 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipid metabolic reprogramming is an established trait of cancer metabolism that guides response and resistance to antitumoral therapies. Enhanced lipogenesis, increased lipid content (either free or stored into lipid droplets), and lipid-dependent catabolism sustain therapy desensitization and the emergence of a resistant phenotype of tumor cells exposed to chemotherapy or targeted therapies. Aberrant lipid metabolism, therefore, has emerged as a potential metabolic vulnerability of therapy-resistant cancers that could be exploited for therapeutic interventions or for identifying tumors more likely to respond to further lines of therapies. This review gathers recent findings on the role of aberrant lipid metabolism in influencing antitumoral therapy response and in sustaining the emergence of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Bacci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Nicla Lorito
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Alfredo Smiriglia
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Morandi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy.
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27
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Povero D, Johnson SM, Liu J. Hypoxia, hypoxia-inducible gene 2 (HIG2)/HILPDA, and intracellular lipolysis in cancer. Cancer Lett 2020; 493:71-79. [PMID: 32818550 PMCID: PMC11218043 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor tissues are chronically exposed to hypoxia owing to aberrant vascularity. Hypoxia induces metabolic alterations in cancer, thereby promoting aggressive malignancy and metastasis. While previous efforts largely focused on adaptive responses in glucose and glutamine metabolism, recent studies have begun to yield important insight into the hypoxic regulation of lipid metabolic reprogramming in cancer. Emerging evidence points to lipid droplet (LD) accumulation as a hallmark of hypoxic cancer cells. One critical underlying mechanism involves the inhibition of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL)-mediated intracellular lipolysis by a small protein encoded by hypoxia-inducible gene 2 (HIG2), also known as hypoxia inducible lipid droplet associated (HILPDA). In this review we summarize and discuss recent key findings on hypoxia-dependent regulation of metabolic adaptations especially lipolysis in cancer. We also pose several questions and hypotheses pertaining to the metabolic impact of lipolytic regulation in cancer under hypoxia and during hypoxia-reoxygenation transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Povero
- From Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Scott M Johnson
- From Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA; Mayo Clinic College of Medicine & Science, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA; Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Jun Liu
- From Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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28
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Alkan HF, Vesely PW, Hackl H, Foßelteder J, Schmidt DR, Vander Heiden MG, Pichler M, Hoefler G, Bogner-Strauss JG. Deficiency of malate-aspartate shuttle component SLC25A12 induces pulmonary metastasis. Cancer Metab 2020; 8:26. [PMID: 33292758 PMCID: PMC7690131 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-020-00232-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aspartate biosynthesis and its delivery to the cytosol can be crucial for tumor growth in vivo. However, the impact of intracellular aspartate levels on metastasis has not been studied. We previously described that loss-of-aspartate glutamate carrier 1 (SLC25A12 or AGC1), an important component of the malate-aspartate shuttle, impairs cytosolic aspartate levels, NAD+/NADH ratio, mitochondrial respiration, and tumor growth. Here, we report the impact of AGC1-knockdown on metastasis. RESULTS Low AGC1 expression correlates with worse patient prognosis in many cancers. AGC1-knockdown in mouse lung carcinoma and melanoma cell lines leads to increased pulmonary metastasis following subcutaneous or intravenous injections, respectively. On the other hand, conventional in vitro metastasis assays show no indication of increased metastasis capacity of AGC1-knockdown cells. CONCLUSION This study highlights that certain branches of metabolism impact tumor growth and tumor metastasis differently. In addition, it also argues that commonly known metastasis indicators, including EMT genes, cell migration, or colony formation, do not always reflect metastatic capacity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Furkan Alkan
- grid.410413.30000 0001 2294 748XInstitute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, Humboldtstrasse 46/III, 8010 Graz, Austria ,grid.116068.80000 0001 2341 2786The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Paul W. Vesely
- grid.11598.340000 0000 8988 2476Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6, 8010 Graz, Austria ,grid.65499.370000 0001 2106 9910Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Hubert Hackl
- grid.5361.10000 0000 8853 2677Institute of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johannes Foßelteder
- grid.11598.340000 0000 8988 2476Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Daniel R. Schmidt
- grid.116068.80000 0001 2341 2786The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA ,grid.239395.70000 0000 9011 8547Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Matthew G. Vander Heiden
- grid.116068.80000 0001 2341 2786The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA ,grid.65499.370000 0001 2106 9910Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Martin Pichler
- grid.11598.340000 0000 8988 2476Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria ,grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Experimental Therapeutics, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Gerald Hoefler
- grid.11598.340000 0000 8988 2476Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6, 8010 Graz, Austria ,grid.452216.6BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Juliane G. Bogner-Strauss
- grid.410413.30000 0001 2294 748XInstitute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, Humboldtstrasse 46/III, 8010 Graz, Austria ,grid.452216.6BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
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Zheng S, Matskova L, Zhou X, Xiao X, Huang G, Zhang Z, Ernberg I. Downregulation of adipose triglyceride lipase by EB viral-encoded LMP2A links lipid accumulation to increased migration in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Mol Oncol 2020; 14:3234-3252. [PMID: 33064888 PMCID: PMC7718958 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)‐associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is one of the most common human cancers in South‐East Asia exhibiting typical features of lipid accumulation. EBV‐encoded latent membrane protein 2A (LMP2A) is expressed in most NPCs enhancing migration and invasion. We recently showed an increased accumulation of lipid droplets in NPC, compared with normal nasopharyngeal epithelium. It is important to uncover the mechanism behind this lipid metabolic shift to better understand the pathogenesis of NPC and provide potential therapeutic targets. We show that LMP2A increased lipid accumulation in NPC cells. LMP2A could block lipid degradation by downregulating the lipolytic gene adipose triglycerol lipase (ATGL). This is in contrast to lipid accumulation due to enhanced lipid biosynthesis seen in many cancers. Suppression of ATGL resulted in enhanced migration in vitro, and ATGL was found downregulated in NPC biopsies. The reduced expression level of ATGL correlated with poor overall survival in NPC patients. Our findings reveal a new role of LMP2A in lipid metabolism, correlating with NPC patient survival depending on ATGL downregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixing Zheng
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Liudmila Matskova
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,The School of Life Sciences, Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Xiaoying Zhou
- Scientific Research Center, Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xue Xiao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Guangwu Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ingemar Ernberg
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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30
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Cruz-Gil S, Fernández LP, Sánchez-Martínez R, Gómez de Cedrón M, Ramírez de Molina A. Non-Coding and Regulatory RNAs as Epigenetic Remodelers of Fatty Acid Homeostasis in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2890. [PMID: 33050166 PMCID: PMC7599548 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells commonly display metabolic fluctuations. Together with the Warburg effect and the increased glutaminolysis, alterations in lipid metabolism homeostasis have been recognized as a hallmark of cancer. Highly proliferative cancer cells upregulate de novo synthesis of fatty acids (FAs) which are required to support tumor progression by exerting multiple roles including structural cell membrane composition, regulators of the intracellular redox homeostasis, ATP synthesis, intracellular cell signaling molecules, and extracellular mediators of the tumor microenvironment. Epigenetic modifications have been shown to play a crucial role in human development, but also in the initiation and progression of complex diseases. The study of epigenetic processes could help to design new integral strategies for the prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders including cancer. Herein, we first describe the main altered intracellular fatty acid processes to support cancer initiation and progression. Next, we focus on the most important regulatory and non-coding RNAs (small noncoding RNA-sncRNAs-long non-coding RNAs-lncRNAs-and other regulatory RNAs) which may target the altered fatty acids pathway in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marta Gómez de Cedrón
- Correspondence: (M.G.d.C.); (A.R.d.M.); Tel.: +34-67-213-49-21 (A.R.d.M.); Fax: +34-91-830-59-61 (A.R.d.M.)
| | - Ana Ramírez de Molina
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (S.C.-G.); (L.P.F.); (R.S.-M.)
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31
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Xie H, Heier C, Kien B, Vesely PW, Tang Z, Sexl V, Schoiswohl G, Strießnig-Bina I, Hoefler G, Zechner R, Schweiger M. Adipose triglyceride lipase activity regulates cancer cell proliferation via AMP-kinase and mTOR signaling. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158737. [PMID: 32404277 PMCID: PMC7397471 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant fatty acid (FA) metabolism is a hallmark of proliferating cells, including untransformed fibroblasts or cancer cells. Lipolysis of intracellular triglyceride (TG) stores by adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) provides an important source of FAs serving as energy substrates, signaling molecules, and precursors for membrane lipids. To investigate if ATGL-mediated lipolysis impacts cell proliferation, we modified ATGL activity in murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and in five different cancer cell lines to determine the consequences on cell growth and metabolism. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of ATGL in MEFs causes impaired FA oxidation, decreased ROS production, and a substrate switch from FA to glucose leading to decreased AMPK-mTOR signaling and higher cell proliferation rates. ATGL expression in these cancer cells is low when compared to MEFs. Additional ATGL knockdown in cancer cells did not significantly affect cellular lipid metabolism or cell proliferation whereas the ectopic overexpression of ATGL increased lipolysis and reduced proliferation. In contrast to ATGL silencing, pharmacological inhibition of ATGL by Atglistatin© impeded the proliferation of diverse cancer cell lines, which points at an ATGL-independent effect. Our data indicate a crucial role of ATGL-mediated lipolysis in the regulation of cell proliferation. The observed low ATGL activity in cancer cells may represent an evolutionary selection process and mechanism to sustain high cell proliferation rates. As the increasing ATGL activity decelerates proliferation of five different cancer cell lines this may represent a novel therapeutic strategy to counteract uncontrolled cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xie
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Christoph Heier
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Benedikt Kien
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Paul W Vesely
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Zhiyuan Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Veronika Sexl
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | | | | | - Gerald Hoefler
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Rudolf Zechner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, Graz 8010, Austria.
| | - Martina Schweiger
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria.
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32
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Zhou Q, Sun Y. Circular RNA cMras Suppresses the Progression of Lung Adenocarcinoma Through ABHD5/ ATGL Axis Using NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2020. [PMID: 32822232 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2020.3709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) is a common malignancy worldwide. Emerging findings indicated that circular RNAs possess complex capacities of gene modulation in tumorigenesis and metastasis. Nevertheless, the role of circular RNA in LAC is still largely unknown. Methods: The level of circular RNA cMras (circ_cMras), alpha-beta hydrolase domain 5 (ABHD5), and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. Protein levels of ABHD5, ATGL, p53, p65, and phospho-p65 (p-p65) were examined by western blot. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) was used to detect cell proliferation in vitro. Cell apoptosis was estimated using flow cytometry. Transwell assay was used to measure cell migration and invasion in A549 and HCC827 cells. Finally, the role of circ_cMras was explored using xenograft tumor model. Results: Low levels of circ_cMras, ABHD5, and ATGL were observed in LAC tissues and cells. Upregulation of circ_cMras could hamper tumor aggression in vitro and in vivo, exhibiting as the inhibition of cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and promotion of cell apoptosis, as well as the inhibition on tumor growth in vivo. Moreover, ABHD5 deletion could overturn the effects of circ_cMras overexpression on cell behaviors in LAC cells. Furthermore, the inhibiting effects of ABHD5 on cell aggression were reversed by ATGL deficiency in vitro. Mechanically, circ_cMras/ABHD5/ATGL axis exerted its role through NF-κB signaling pathway in LAC cells. Conclusion: Circ_cMras exerted its function through ABHD5/ATGL axis using NF-κB signaling pathway in LAC, which might provide a novel insight for the diagnosis and prognosis of LAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinfei Zhou
- Department of Comprehensive Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Comprehensive Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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33
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Montesdeoca N, López M, Ariza X, Herrero L, Makowski K. Inhibitors of lipogenic enzymes as a potential therapy against cancer. FASEB J 2020; 34:11355-11381. [PMID: 32761847 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000705r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells rely on several metabolic pathways such as lipid metabolism to meet the increase in energy demand, cell division, and growth and successfully adapt to challenging environments. Fatty acid synthesis is therefore commonly enhanced in many cancer cell lines. Thus, relevant efforts are being made by the scientific community to inhibit the enzymes involved in lipid metabolism to disrupt cancer cell proliferation. We review the rapidly expanding body of inhibitors that target lipid metabolism, their side effects, and current status in clinical trials as potential therapeutic approaches against cancer. We focus on their molecular, biochemical and structural properties, selectivity and effectiveness and discuss their potential role as antitumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Montesdeoca
- School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, San Miguel de Urcuquí, Ecuador
| | - Marta López
- School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, San Miguel de Urcuquí, Ecuador
| | - Xavier Ariza
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Herrero
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kamil Makowski
- School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, San Miguel de Urcuquí, Ecuador
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34
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Klocker EV, Barth DA, Riedl JM, Prinz F, Szkandera J, Schlick K, Kornprat P, Lackner K, Lindenmann J, Stöger H, Stotz M, Gerger A, Pichler M. Decreased Activity of Circulating Butyrylcholinesterase in Blood Is an Independent Prognostic Marker in Pancreatic Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051154. [PMID: 32375339 PMCID: PMC7281496 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The activity of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) in blood reflects liver function and has recently been associated with systemic inflammatory response and tumor cachexia. As these conditions have been previously linked with pancreatic cancer (PC), the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the prognostic impact of plasma BChE in PC. Methods: Data from 574 consecutive PC patients, treated between 2004 and 2018 at a single academic center, was evaluated. The primary endpoint was cancer-specific survival (CSS), analyzed by Kaplan–Meier curve, and both univariate and multivariate Cox proportional models. Results: BChE activity negatively correlated with other liver parameters (bilirubin, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and C-reactive protein (CRP)), and positively correlated with albumin levels, respectively (p < 0.01). In univariate analysis, a low plasma BChE activity was a factor of poor CSS (hazard ratio: 1.4, 95% confidence interval: 1.129–1.754, p = 0.002). In multivariate analysis, tumor stage, tumor grade, administration of chemotherapy, bilirubin levels and a low BChE activity (hazard ratio: 1.42, 95% confidence interval: 1.10–1.82; p = 0.006) were identified as independent prognostic factors. Conclusion: Decreased activity of BChE in blood plasma predicts shorter survival time in PC patients. Therefore, BChE might be helpful in additional stratification of patients into different prognostic risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Valentina Klocker
- Division of Clinical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center Graz, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (E.V.K.); (D.A.B.); (J.M.R.); (F.P.); (J.S.); (H.S.); (M.S.); (A.G.)
| | - Dominik Andreas Barth
- Division of Clinical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center Graz, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (E.V.K.); (D.A.B.); (J.M.R.); (F.P.); (J.S.); (H.S.); (M.S.); (A.G.)
- Research Unit “Non-coding RNAs and Genome Editing in Cancer”, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jakob Michael Riedl
- Division of Clinical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center Graz, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (E.V.K.); (D.A.B.); (J.M.R.); (F.P.); (J.S.); (H.S.); (M.S.); (A.G.)
| | - Felix Prinz
- Division of Clinical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center Graz, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (E.V.K.); (D.A.B.); (J.M.R.); (F.P.); (J.S.); (H.S.); (M.S.); (A.G.)
| | - Joanna Szkandera
- Division of Clinical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center Graz, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (E.V.K.); (D.A.B.); (J.M.R.); (F.P.); (J.S.); (H.S.); (M.S.); (A.G.)
| | - Konstantin Schlick
- 3rd Medical Department with Hematology and Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
| | - Peter Kornprat
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Karoline Lackner
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Jörg Lindenmann
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Herbert Stöger
- Division of Clinical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center Graz, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (E.V.K.); (D.A.B.); (J.M.R.); (F.P.); (J.S.); (H.S.); (M.S.); (A.G.)
| | - Michael Stotz
- Division of Clinical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center Graz, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (E.V.K.); (D.A.B.); (J.M.R.); (F.P.); (J.S.); (H.S.); (M.S.); (A.G.)
| | - Armin Gerger
- Division of Clinical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center Graz, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (E.V.K.); (D.A.B.); (J.M.R.); (F.P.); (J.S.); (H.S.); (M.S.); (A.G.)
| | - Martin Pichler
- Division of Clinical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center Graz, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (E.V.K.); (D.A.B.); (J.M.R.); (F.P.); (J.S.); (H.S.); (M.S.); (A.G.)
- Research Unit “Non-coding RNAs and Genome Editing in Cancer”, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43316-385-30196; Fax: +43316-385-13355
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35
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Links between cancer metabolism and cisplatin resistance. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 354:107-164. [PMID: 32475471 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin is one of the most potent and widely used chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of several solid tumors, despite the high toxicity and the frequent relapse of patients due to the onset of drug resistance. Resistance to chemotherapeutic agents, either intrinsic or acquired, is currently one of the major problems in oncology. Thus, understanding the biology of chemoresistance is fundamental in order to overcome this challenge and to improve the survival rate of patients. Studies over the last 30 decades have underlined how resistance is a multifactorial phenomenon not yet completely understood. Recently, tumor metabolism has gained a lot of interest in the context of chemoresistance; accumulating evidence suggests that the rearrangements of the principal metabolic pathways within cells, contributes to the sensitivity of tumor to the drug treatment. In this review, the principal metabolic alterations associated with cisplatin resistance are highlighted. Improving the knowledge of the influence of metabolism on cisplatin response is fundamental to identify new possible metabolic targets useful for combinatory treatments, in order to overcome cisplatin resistance.
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36
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Cruz ALS, Barreto EDA, Fazolini NPB, Viola JPB, Bozza PT. Lipid droplets: platforms with multiple functions in cancer hallmarks. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:105. [PMID: 32029741 PMCID: PMC7005265 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2297-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (also known as lipid bodies) are lipid-rich, cytoplasmic organelles that play important roles in cell signaling, lipid metabolism, membrane trafficking, and the production of inflammatory mediators. Lipid droplet biogenesis is a regulated process, and accumulation of these organelles within leukocytes, epithelial cells, hepatocytes, and other nonadipocyte cells is a frequently observed phenotype in several physiologic or pathogenic situations and is thoroughly described during inflammatory conditions. Moreover, in recent years, several studies have described an increase in intracellular lipid accumulation in different neoplastic processes, although it is not clear whether lipid droplet accumulation is directly involved in the establishment of these different types of malignancies. This review discusses current evidence related to the biogenesis, composition and functions of lipid droplets related to the hallmarks of cancer: inflammation, cell metabolism, increased proliferation, escape from cell death, and hypoxia. Moreover, the potential of lipid droplets as markers of disease and targets for novel anti-inflammatory and antineoplastic therapies will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- André L S Cruz
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Physiopathology, Polo Novo Cavaleiros, Federal University of Rio De Janeiro (UFRJ), Macaé, Brazil
| | - Ester de A Barreto
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Narayana P B Fazolini
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - João P B Viola
- Program of Immunology and Tumor Biology, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Patricia T Bozza
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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37
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A novel online two-dimensional supercritical fluid chromatography/reversed phase liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry method for lipid profiling. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:2225-2235. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02242-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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38
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Taïb B, Aboussalah AM, Moniruzzaman M, Chen S, Haughey NJ, Kim SF, Ahima RS. Lipid accumulation and oxidation in glioblastoma multiforme. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19593. [PMID: 31863022 PMCID: PMC6925201 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55985-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and lethal primary malignant brain tumor in adults. Despite the multimodal standard treatments for GBM, the median survival is still about one year. Analysis of brain tissues from GBM patients shows that lipid droplets are highly enriched in tumor tissues while undetectable in normal brain tissues, yet the identity and functions of lipid species in GBM are not well understood. The aims of the present work are to determine how GBM utilizes fatty acids, and assess their roles in GBM proliferation. Treatment of U138 GBM cells with a monounsaturated fatty acid, oleic acid, induces accumulation of perilipin 2-coated lipid droplets containing triglycerides enriched in C18:1 fatty acid, and increases fatty acid oxidation. Interestingly, oleic acid also increases glucose utilization and proliferation of GBM cells. In contrast, pharmacologic inhibition of monoacylglycerol lipase attenuates GBM proliferation. Our findings demonstrate that monounsaturated fatty acids promote GBM proliferation via triglyceride metabolism, suggesting a novel lipid droplet-mediated pathway which may be targeted for GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bouchra Taïb
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Amine M Aboussalah
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Suming Chen
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Norman J Haughey
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sangwon F Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rexford S Ahima
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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39
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Johnson AA, Stolzing A. The role of lipid metabolism in aging, lifespan regulation, and age-related disease. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e13048. [PMID: 31560163 PMCID: PMC6826135 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An emerging body of data suggests that lipid metabolism has an important role to play in the aging process. Indeed, a plethora of dietary, pharmacological, genetic, and surgical lipid‐related interventions extend lifespan in nematodes, fruit flies, mice, and rats. For example, the impairment of genes involved in ceramide and sphingolipid synthesis extends lifespan in both worms and flies. The overexpression of fatty acid amide hydrolase or lysosomal lipase prolongs life in Caenorhabditis elegans, while the overexpression of diacylglycerol lipase enhances longevity in both C. elegans and Drosophila melanogaster. The surgical removal of adipose tissue extends lifespan in rats, and increased expression of apolipoprotein D enhances survival in both flies and mice. Mouse lifespan can be additionally extended by the genetic deletion of diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1, treatment with the steroid 17‐α‐estradiol, or a ketogenic diet. Moreover, deletion of the phospholipase A2 receptor improves various healthspan parameters in a progeria mouse model. Genome‐wide association studies have found several lipid‐related variants to be associated with human aging. For example, the epsilon 2 and epsilon 4 alleles of apolipoprotein E are associated with extreme longevity and late‐onset neurodegenerative disease, respectively. In humans, blood triglyceride levels tend to increase, while blood lysophosphatidylcholine levels tend to decrease with age. Specific sphingolipid and phospholipid blood profiles have also been shown to change with age and are associated with exceptional human longevity. These data suggest that lipid‐related interventions may improve human healthspan and that blood lipids likely represent a rich source of human aging biomarkers.
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40
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Lu W, Cao F, Wang S, Sheng X, Ma J. LncRNAs: The Regulator of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Tumor Cells. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1099. [PMID: 31850189 PMCID: PMC6901916 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolism is a complex network of regulatory system. Cells often alter their metabolism in response to the changes in their environment. These adaptive changes are particularly pronounced in tumor cells, known as metabolic reprogramming. Metabolic reprogramming is considered to be one of the top 10 characteristics of tumor cells. Glucose and lipid metabolism are important components of metabolic reprogramming. A large number of experimental studies have shown that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in glucose and lipid metabolism. The current review briefly introduces the regulatory effect of lncRNAs on glucose and lipid metabolism of tumor cells, and the significance of lncRNA-mediated metabolism in tumor therapy, hoping to provide new strategies for clinical targeting tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lu
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Fenghua Cao
- Zhenjiang Hospital of Chinese Traditional and Western Medicine, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shengjun Wang
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiumei Sheng
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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41
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Chen M, Huang J. The expanded role of fatty acid metabolism in cancer: new aspects and targets. PRECISION CLINICAL MEDICINE 2019; 2:183-191. [PMID: 31598388 PMCID: PMC6770278 DOI: 10.1093/pcmedi/pbz017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells undergo metabolic reprogramming to support cell proliferation, growth, and
dissemination. Alterations in lipid metabolism, and specifically the uptake and synthesis
of fatty acids (FAs), comprise one well-documented aspect of this reprogramming. Recent
studies have revealed an expanded range of roles played by FA in promoting the
aggressiveness of cancer while simultaneously identifying new potential targets for cancer
therapy. This article provides a brief review of these advances in our understanding of FA
metabolism in cancer, highlighting both recent discoveries and the inherent challenges
caused by the metabolic plasticity of cancer cells in targeting lipid metabolism for
cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27514, USA
| | - Jiaoti Huang
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27514, USA
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42
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Liu M, Yu X, Lin L, Deng J, Wang K, Xia Y, Tang X, Hong H. ATGL promotes the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via the p-AKT signaling pathway. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2019; 33:e22391. [PMID: 31476254 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal metabolism, including abnormal lipid metabolism, is a hallmark of cancer cells. Some studies have demonstrated that the lipogenic pathway might promote the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the role of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) in hepatocellular carcinoma cells has not been elucidated. We evaluated the function of ATGL in hepatocellular carcinoma using methyl azazolyl blue and migration assay through overexpression of ATGL in HepG2 cells. Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses were used to assess the mechanisms of ATGL in hepatocellular carcinoma. In the current study, we first constructed and transiently transfected ATGL into hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Secondly, we found that ATGL promoted the proliferation of hepatoma cell lines via upregulating the phosphorylation of AKT, but did not affect the metastatic ability of HCC cells. Moreover, the p-AKT inhibitor significantly eliminated the effect of ATGL on the proliferation of hepatoma carcinoma cells. Taken together, our results indicated that ATGL promotes hepatocellular carcinoma cells proliferation through upregulation of the AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuegao Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liying Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiankai Deng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kanglong Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Xia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaohua Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Honghai Hong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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43
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The Biological and Clinical Relevance of Inhibitor of Growth (ING) Genes in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081118. [PMID: 31390718 PMCID: PMC6721451 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Carcinogenic mutations allow cells to escape governing mechanisms that commonly inhibit uncontrolled cell proliferation and maintain tightly regulated homeostasis between cell death and survival. Members of the inhibition of growth (ING) family act as tumor suppressors, governing cell cycle, apoptosis and cellular senescence. The molecular mechanism of action of ING genes, as well as their anchor points in pathways commonly linked to malignant transformation of cells, have been studied with respect to a variety of cancer specimens. This review of the current literature focuses specifically on the action mode of ING family members in lung cancer. We have summarized data from in vitro and in vivo studies, highlighting the effects of varying levels of ING expression in cancer cells. Based on the increasing insight into the function of these proteins, the use of ING family members as clinically useful biomarkers for lung cancer detection and prognosis will probably become routine in everyday clinical practice.
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44
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Codenotti S, Mansoury W, Pinardi L, Monti E, Marampon F, Fanzani A. Animal models of well-differentiated/dedifferentiated liposarcoma: utility and limitations. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:5257-5268. [PMID: 31308696 PMCID: PMC6613351 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s175710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Liposarcoma is a malignant neoplasm of fat tissue. Well-differentiated and dedifferentiated liposarcoma (WDL/DDL) represent the two most clinically observed histotypes occurring in middle-aged to older adults, particularly within the retroperitoneum or extremities. WDL/DDL are thought to represent the broad spectrum of one disease, as they are both associated with the amplification in the chromosomal 12q13-15 region that causes MDM2 and CDK4 overexpression, the most useful predictor for liposarcoma diagnosis. In comparison to WDL, DDL contains additional genetic abnormalities, principally coamplifications of 1p32 and 6q23, that increase recurrence and metastatic rate. In this review, we discuss the xenograft and transgenic animal models generated for studying progression of WDL/DDL, highlighting utilities and pitfalls in such approaches that can facilitate or impede the development of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Codenotti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Walaa Mansoury
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Luca Pinardi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Eugenio Monti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesco Marampon
- Department of Radiotherapy, Policlinico Umberto I, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Fanzani
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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45
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Mirzoyan Z, Sollazzo M, Allocca M, Valenza AM, Grifoni D, Bellosta P. Drosophila melanogaster: A Model Organism to Study Cancer. Front Genet 2019; 10:51. [PMID: 30881374 PMCID: PMC6405444 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a multistep disease driven by the activation of specific oncogenic pathways concomitantly with the loss of function of tumor suppressor genes that act as sentinels to control physiological growth. The conservation of most of these signaling pathways in Drosophila, and the ability to easily manipulate them genetically, has made the fruit fly a useful model organism to study cancer biology. In this review we outline the basic mechanisms and signaling pathways conserved between humans and flies responsible of inducing uncontrolled growth and cancer development. Second, we describe classic and novel Drosophila models used to study different cancers, with the objective to discuss their strengths and limitations on their use to identify signals driving growth cell autonomously and within organs, drug discovery and for therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhasmine Mirzoyan
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Manuela Sollazzo
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Allocca
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Grifoni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paola Bellosta
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy.,Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
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46
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Forcing ATGL expression in hepatocarcinoma cells imposes glycolytic rewiring through PPAR-α/p300-mediated acetylation of p53. Oncogene 2018; 38:1860-1875. [PMID: 30367149 PMCID: PMC6756110 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0545-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a typical feature of cancer cells aimed at sustaining high-energetic demand and proliferation rate. Here, we report clear-cut evidence for decreased expression of the adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), the first and rate-limiting enzyme of triglyceride hydrolysis, in both human and mouse-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We identified metabolic rewiring as major outcome of ATGL overexpression in HCC-derived cell lines. Indeed, ATGL slackened both glucose uptake/utilization and cell proliferation in parallel with increased oxidative metabolism of fatty acids and enhanced mitochondria capacity. We ascribed these ATGL—downstream events to the activity of the tumor-suppressor p53, whose protein levels—but not transcript—were upregulated upon ATGL overexpression. The role of p53 was further assessed by abrogation of the ATGL-mediated effects upon p53 silencing or in p53-null hepatocarcinoma Hep3B cells. Furthermore, we provided insights on the molecular mechanisms governed by ATGL in HCC cells, identifying a new PPAR-α/p300 axis responsible for p53 acetylation/accumulation. Finally, we highlighted that ATGL levels confer different susceptibility of HCC cells to common therapeutic drugs, with ATGL overexpressing cells being more resistant to glycolysis inhibitors (e.g., 2-deoxyglucose and 3-bromopyruvate), compared to genotoxic compounds. Collectively, our data provide evidence for a previously uncovered tumor-suppressor function of ATGL in HCC, with the outlined molecular mechanisms shedding light on new potential targets for anticancer therapy.
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47
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Of mice and men: The physiological role of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL). Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1864:880-899. [PMID: 30367950 PMCID: PMC6439276 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) has been discovered 14 years ago and revised our view on intracellular triglyceride (TG) mobilization – a process termed lipolysis. ATGL initiates the hydrolysis of TGs to release fatty acids (FAs) that are crucial energy substrates, precursors for the synthesis of membrane lipids, and ligands of nuclear receptors. Thus, ATGL is a key enzyme in whole-body energy homeostasis. In this review, we give an update on how ATGL is regulated on the transcriptional and post-transcriptional level and how this affects the enzymes' activity in the context of neutral lipid catabolism. In depth, we highlight and discuss the numerous physiological functions of ATGL in lipid and energy metabolism. Over more than a decade, different genetic mouse models lacking or overexpressing ATGL in a cell- or tissue-specific manner have been generated and characterized. Moreover, pharmacological studies became available due to the development of a specific murine ATGL inhibitor (Atglistatin®). The identification of patients with mutations in the human gene encoding ATGL and their disease spectrum has underpinned the importance of ATGL in humans. Together, mouse models and human data have advanced our understanding of the physiological role of ATGL in lipid and energy metabolism in adipose and non-adipose tissues, and of the pathophysiological consequences of ATGL dysfunction in mice and men. Summary of mouse models with genetic or pharmacological manipulation of ATGL. Summary of patients with mutations in the human gene encoding ATGL. In depth discussion of the role of ATGL in numerous physiological processes in mice and men.
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48
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Al-Zoughbi W, Schauer S, Pichler M, Hoefler G. Early Loss of Forkhead Transcription Factor, O Subgroup, Member 1 Protein in the Development of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Pathobiology 2018; 85:342-347. [PMID: 30227407 PMCID: PMC6390459 DOI: 10.1159/000492433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Forkhead transcription factor, O subgroup, member 1 (FOXO1) is a regulatory protein that plays an essential role in cellular homeostasis. A biological function as a tumor suppressor has been proposed. Here, we examined FOXO1 expression in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and its precursor lesions. METHODS We immunohistochemically labeled tissue samples from 47 patients with PDAC for FOXO1 protein. In addition, we extracted data from the Cancer Genome Atlas and the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia and studied a potential association with well-established genetic variants. A publicly available microarray dataset of 102 PDAC samples was used to explore the influence of FOXO1 expression on patients' clinical outcome. RESULTS Normal ductal epithelium universally expressed nuclear and cytoplasmic FOXO1. Reduced expression was observed in PanIN lesions and PDAC of all cases. Analysis of several datasets showed that the FOXO1 gene transcript levels do not correlate with KRAS, TP53, SMAD4, or CDKN2A mutation status, but positively correlate with patients' outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Loss of FOXO1 protein is identified as an early event during PDAC development and may be independent of the top 4 mutated cancer genes. Because of its strong expression in normal ductal cells, immunohistochemical detection of FOXO1 can function as a valuable test to establish the diagnosis of transformation and malignancy in pancreatic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael Al-Zoughbi
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- CBmed, Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, Graz, Austria
| | - Silvia Schauer
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Pichler
- Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Gerald Hoefler
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz,
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49
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Petan T, Jarc E, Jusović M. Lipid Droplets in Cancer: Guardians of Fat in a Stressful World. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23081941. [PMID: 30081476 PMCID: PMC6222695 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23081941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells possess remarkable abilities to adapt to adverse environmental conditions. Their survival during severe nutrient and oxidative stress depends on their capacity to acquire extracellular lipids and the plasticity of their mechanisms for intracellular lipid synthesis, mobilisation, and recycling. Lipid droplets, cytosolic fat storage organelles present in most cells from yeast to men, are emerging as major regulators of lipid metabolism, trafficking, and signalling in various cells and tissues exposed to stress. Their biogenesis is induced by nutrient and oxidative stress and they accumulate in various cancers. Lipid droplets act as switches that coordinate lipid trafficking and consumption for different purposes in the cell, such as energy production, protection against oxidative stress or membrane biogenesis during rapid cell growth. They sequester toxic lipids, such as fatty acids, cholesterol and ceramides, thereby preventing lipotoxic cell damage and engage in a complex relationship with autophagy. Here, we focus on the emerging mechanisms of stress-induced lipid droplet biogenesis; their roles during nutrient, lipotoxic, and oxidative stress; and the relationship between lipid droplets and autophagy. The recently discovered principles of lipid droplet biology can improve our understanding of the mechanisms that govern cancer cell adaptability and resilience to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni Petan
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia.
| | - Eva Jarc
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia.
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia.
| | - Maida Jusović
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia.
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia.
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50
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Tomin T, Fritz K, Gindlhuber J, Waldherr L, Pucher B, Thallinger GG, Nomura DK, Schittmayer M, Birner-Gruenberger R. Deletion of Adipose Triglyceride Lipase Links Triacylglycerol Accumulation to a More-Aggressive Phenotype in A549 Lung Carcinoma Cells. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:1415-1425. [PMID: 29457907 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) catalyzes the rate limiting step in triacylglycerol breakdown in adipocytes but is expressed in most tissues. The enzyme was shown to be lost in many human tumors, and its loss may play a role in early stages of cancer development. Here, we report that loss of ATGL supports a more-aggressive cancer phenotype in a model system in which ATGL was deleted in A549 lung cancer cells by CRISPR/Cas9. We observed that loss of ATGL led to triacylglycerol accumulation in lipid droplets and higher levels of cellular phospholipid and bioactive lipid species (lyso- and ether-phospholipids). Label-free quantitative proteomics revealed elevated expression of the pro-oncogene SRC kinase in ATGL depleted cells, which was also found on mRNA level and confirmed on protein level by Western blot. Consistently, higher expression of phosphorylated (active) SRC (Y416 phospho-SRC) was observed in ATGL-KO cells. Cells depleted of ATGL migrated faster, which was dependent on SRC kinase activity. We propose that loss of ATGL may thus increase cancer aggressiveness by activation of pro-oncogenic signaling via SRC kinase and increased levels of bioactive lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Tomin
- Research Unit Functional Proteomics and Metabolic Pathways , Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz , 8010 Graz , Austria.,Omics Center Graz, BioTechMed-Graz , 8010 Graz , Austria
| | - Katarina Fritz
- Research Unit Functional Proteomics and Metabolic Pathways , Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz , 8010 Graz , Austria.,Omics Center Graz, BioTechMed-Graz , 8010 Graz , Austria
| | - Juergen Gindlhuber
- Research Unit Functional Proteomics and Metabolic Pathways , Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz , 8010 Graz , Austria.,Omics Center Graz, BioTechMed-Graz , 8010 Graz , Austria
| | - Linda Waldherr
- Research Unit Functional Proteomics and Metabolic Pathways , Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz , 8010 Graz , Austria.,Omics Center Graz, BioTechMed-Graz , 8010 Graz , Austria
| | - Bettina Pucher
- Omics Center Graz, BioTechMed-Graz , 8010 Graz , Austria.,Institute of Computational Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology , 8010 Graz , Austria
| | - Gerhard G Thallinger
- Omics Center Graz, BioTechMed-Graz , 8010 Graz , Austria.,Institute of Computational Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology , 8010 Graz , Austria
| | | | - Matthias Schittmayer
- Research Unit Functional Proteomics and Metabolic Pathways , Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz , 8010 Graz , Austria.,Omics Center Graz, BioTechMed-Graz , 8010 Graz , Austria
| | - Ruth Birner-Gruenberger
- Research Unit Functional Proteomics and Metabolic Pathways , Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz , 8010 Graz , Austria.,Omics Center Graz, BioTechMed-Graz , 8010 Graz , Austria
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