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Monteau R, Calixte R. Disparities in Asthma Rates Amongst Black Residents of New York City. J Community Health 2023; 48:508-512. [PMID: 36719534 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-023-01192-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition affecting around 300 million people worldwide. In the United States, Black individuals have a higher burden of asthma than White individuals. The goal of this study was to differentiate the burden of asthma between US-born and foreign-born Black residents of New York City (NYC). We use a multivariable Cox proportional hazard model with a robust variance estimate. The results indicate that foreign-born Black NYC residents have a significantly lower asthma prevalence than US-born (PR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.21-0.76). Additionally, those 65 years and older have a lower prevalence of asthma compared to those 18-34 years old. This study shows that asthma prevalence is higher amongst US-born Black NYC residents than foreign-born, which may indicate that the healthcare needs of the foreign-born may be different from that of the native-born. Further studies are needed to elucidate this result fully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachelle Monteau
- CUNY School of Medicine, City University of New York School of Medicine, 160 Convent Ave, 10031, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Rose Calixte
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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2
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Razzaghi S, Farshbaf Khalili A, Nikniaz L, Nikniaz Z, Zeinalzadeh AH. Prevalence of Asthma in East Azerbaijan Adult Population and Its Determinants Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study from the Northwest of Iran. TANAFFOS 2023; 22:325-331. [PMID: 38638384 PMCID: PMC11022198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Background Asthma is one of the most common chronic respiratory diseases. It is estimated that more than 400 million people will suffer from it by 2025. This study aims to determine the prevalence of asthma in East Azerbaijan and investigate the association between asthma and some environmental and demographic factors. Materials and Methods This is a cross-sectional study based on a major Lifestyle Promotion Project (LPP) conducted in the districts of East Azerbaijan, including 2641 participants aged 15 to 65 years of the general population selected through probability proportional to size (PPS) multistage stratified cluster sampling. We used the World Health Survey questionnaire about doctor-diagnosed asthma to determine the prevalence of asthma. Age, smoking status, physical activity level, socioeconomic variables such as job and education level, and body mass index (BMI) were used as covariates in regression models. A questionnaire was used to obtain socio-demographic information and smoking status. The short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to estimate the level of physical activity (IPAQ). Results The mean age of participants was 40.9 ± 12.05 years including 1242 (47 %) males and 1399 (53 %) females. The prevalence of asthma was 3.3 %. The frequency of smokers was significantly higher in the asthmatic group compared with the non-asthmatic group (OR=2.33 [1.76-3.31]; p=0.03). There was no significant association between asthma and other demographic and lifestyle characteristics. Obesity has also played a significant role in the development of asthma. Conclusion According to the results of this study, obesity and smoking have played a significant role in the development of asthma but there is no statistically significant relationship between socioeconomic and demographic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahryar Razzaghi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center. Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Farshbaf Khalili
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center. Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leila Nikniaz
- Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zeinab Nikniaz
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center. Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Hossein Zeinalzadeh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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3
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Zanobetti A, Ryan PH, Coull B, Brokamp C, Datta S, Blossom J, Lothrop N, Miller RL, Beamer PI, Visness CM, Andrews H, Bacharier LB, Hartert T, Johnson CC, Ownby D, Khurana Hershey GK, Joseph C, Yiqiang S, Mendonça EA, Jackson DJ, Luttmann-Gibson H, Zoratti EM, Wright AL, Martinez FD, Seroogy CM, Gern JE, Gold DR. Childhood Asthma Incidence, Early and Persistent Wheeze, and Neighborhood Socioeconomic Factors in the ECHO/CREW Consortium. JAMA Pediatr 2022; 176:759-767. [PMID: 35604671 PMCID: PMC9127710 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2022.1446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Importance In the United States, Black and Hispanic children have higher rates of asthma and asthma-related morbidity compared with White children and disproportionately reside in communities with economic deprivation. Objective To determine the extent to which neighborhood-level socioeconomic indicators explain racial and ethnic disparities in childhood wheezing and asthma. Design, Setting, and Participants The study population comprised children in birth cohorts located throughout the United States that are part of the Children's Respiratory and Environmental Workgroup consortium. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of asthma incidence, and logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios of early and persistent wheeze prevalence accounting for mother's education, parental asthma, smoking during pregnancy, child's race and ethnicity, sex, and region and decade of birth. Exposures Neighborhood-level socioeconomic indicators defined by US census tracts calculated as z scores for multiple tract-level variables relative to the US average linked to participants' birth record address and decade of birth. The parent or caregiver reported the child's race and ethnicity. Main Outcomes and Measures Prevalence of early and persistent childhood wheeze and asthma incidence. Results Of 5809 children, 46% reported wheezing before age 2 years, and 26% reported persistent wheeze through age 11 years. Asthma prevalence by age 11 years varied by cohort, with an overall median prevalence of 25%. Black children (HR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.26-1.73) and Hispanic children (HR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.09-1.53) were at significantly increased risk for asthma incidence compared with White children, with onset occurring earlier in childhood. Children born in tracts with a greater proportion of low-income households, population density, and poverty had increased asthma incidence. Results for early and persistent wheeze were similar. In effect modification analysis, census variables did not significantly modify the association between race and ethnicity and risk for asthma incidence; Black and Hispanic children remained at higher risk for asthma compared with White children across census tracts socioeconomic levels. Conclusions and Relevance Adjusting for individual-level characteristics, we observed neighborhood socioeconomic disparities in childhood wheeze and asthma. Black and Hispanic children had more asthma in neighborhoods of all income levels. Neighborhood- and individual-level characteristics and their root causes should be considered as sources of respiratory health inequities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Zanobetti
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Patrick H. Ryan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Brent Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Cole Brokamp
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Soma Datta
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jeffrey Blossom
- Center for Geographic Analysis, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Nathan Lothrop
- Asthma and Airways Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson
- Department of Community, Environment, and Policy, Mel and Enic Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson
| | - Rachel L. Miller
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Paloma I. Beamer
- Asthma and Airways Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson
- Department of Community, Environment, and Policy, Mel and Enic Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson
| | | | - Howard Andrews
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Leonard B. Bacharier
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonary Medicine, Monroe Carell Jr Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Tina Hartert
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Christine C. Johnson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Dennis Ownby
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | | | - Christine Joseph
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Song Yiqiang
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington
| | | | - Daniel J. Jackson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison
| | - Heike Luttmann-Gibson
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Anne L. Wright
- Asthma and Airways Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson
| | - Fernando D. Martinez
- Asthma and Airways Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson
| | - Christine M. Seroogy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison
| | - James E. Gern
- Department of Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Diane R. Gold
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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4
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Courtney PT, Deka R, Kotha NV, Cherry DR, Salans MA, Nelson TJ, Kumar A, Luterstein E, Yip AT, Nalawade V, Parsons JK, Kader AK, Stewart TF, Rose BS. Metastasis and Mortality in Men With Low- and Intermediate-Risk Prostate Cancer on Active Surveillance. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2022; 20:151-159. [PMID: 35130495 PMCID: PMC10399925 DOI: 10.6004/jnccn.2021.7065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Active surveillance (AS) is a safe treatment option for men with low-risk, localized prostate cancer. However, the safety of AS for patients with intermediate-risk prostate cancer remains unclear. PATIENTS AND METHODS We identified men with NCCN-classified low-risk and favorable and unfavorable intermediate-risk prostate cancer diagnosed between 2001 and 2015 and initially managed with AS in the Veterans Health Administration. We analyzed progression to definitive treatment, metastasis, prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM), and all-cause mortality using cumulative incidences and multivariable competing-risks regression. RESULTS The cohort included 9,733 men, of whom 1,007 (10.3%) had intermediate-risk disease (773 [76.8%] favorable, 234 [23.2%] unfavorable), followed for a median of 7.6 years. The 10-year cumulative incidence of metastasis was significantly higher for patients with favorable (9.6%; 95% CI, 7.1%-12.5%; P<.001) and unfavorable intermediate-risk disease (19.2%; 95% CI, 13.4%-25.9%; P<.001) than for those with low-risk disease (1.5%; 95% CI, 1.2%-1.9%). The 10-year cumulative incidence of PCSM was also significantly higher for patients with favorable (3.7%; 95% CI, 2.3%-5.7%; P<.001) and unfavorable intermediate-risk disease (11.8%; 95% CI, 6.8%-18.4%; P<.001) than for those with low-risk disease (1.1%; 95% CI, 0.8%-1.4%). In multivariable competing-risks regression, favorable and unfavorable intermediate-risk patients had significantly increased risks of metastasis and PCSM compared with low-risk patients (all P<.001). CONCLUSIONS Compared with low-risk patients, those with favorable and unfavorable intermediate-risk prostate cancer managed with AS are at increased risk of metastasis and PCSM. AS may be an appropriate option for carefully selected patients with favorable intermediate-risk prostate cancer, though identification of appropriate candidates and AS protocols should be tested in future prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Travis Courtney
- 1Veterans Health Administration San Diego Health Care System, and.,2Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences
| | - Rishi Deka
- 1Veterans Health Administration San Diego Health Care System, and.,2Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences
| | - Nikhil V Kotha
- 1Veterans Health Administration San Diego Health Care System, and.,2Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences
| | - Daniel R Cherry
- 1Veterans Health Administration San Diego Health Care System, and.,2Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences
| | - Mia A Salans
- 1Veterans Health Administration San Diego Health Care System, and.,2Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences
| | - Tyler J Nelson
- 1Veterans Health Administration San Diego Health Care System, and.,2Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- 1Veterans Health Administration San Diego Health Care System, and.,2Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences
| | - Elaine Luterstein
- 1Veterans Health Administration San Diego Health Care System, and.,2Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences
| | - Anthony T Yip
- 2Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences
| | | | - J Kellogg Parsons
- 1Veterans Health Administration San Diego Health Care System, and.,3Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego.,4Janssen Pharmaceuticals Research and Development, LCC; and
| | - A Karim Kader
- 1Veterans Health Administration San Diego Health Care System, and.,3Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego
| | - Tyler F Stewart
- 1Veterans Health Administration San Diego Health Care System, and.,4Janssen Pharmaceuticals Research and Development, LCC; and
| | - Brent S Rose
- 1Veterans Health Administration San Diego Health Care System, and.,2Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences
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5
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Kotha NV, Kumar A, Qiao EM, Qian AS, Voora RS, Nalawade V, Karim Kader A, McKay RR, Stewart TF, Rose BS. Association of Health-Care System and Survival in African American and Non-Hispanic White Patients With Bladder Cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2021; 114:600-608. [PMID: 34918091 PMCID: PMC9002275 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djab219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND African American patients with bladder cancer have inferior outcomes compared with non-Hispanic White (White) patients. We hypothesize that access to health care is a primary determinant of this disparity. We compared outcomes by race for patients with bladder cancer receiving care within the predominant hybrid-payer health-care model of the United States captured in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database with those receiving care within the equal-access model of the Veterans' Health Administration (VHA). METHODS African American and White patients diagnosed with bladder cancer were identified in SEER and VHA. Stage at presentation, bladder cancer-specific mortality (BCM), and overall survival (OS) were compared by race within each health-care system. RESULTS The SEER cohort included 122 449 patients (93.7% White, 6.3% African American). The VHA cohort included 36 322 patients (91.0% White, 9.0% African American). In both cohorts, African American patients were more likely to present with muscle-invasive disease and metastases, but the differences between races were statistically significantly smaller in VHA. In SEER multivariable models, African American patients had worse BCM (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.15 to 1.29) and OS (HR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.20 to 1.31). In contrast within the VHA, African American patients had similar BCM (HR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.88 to 1.07) and OS (HR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.93 to 1.05). CONCLUSIONS In this study of contrasting health-care models, receiving medical care in an equal-access system was associated with reduced differences in stage at presentation and eliminated disparities in survival outcomes for African American patients with bladder cancer. Our findings highlight the importance of reducing financial barriers to care to notably improve health equity and oncologic outcomes for African American patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil V Kotha
- School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA,Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA,Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA,Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Edmund M Qiao
- School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA,Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA,Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alex S Qian
- School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA,Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rohith S Voora
- School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA,Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA,Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Vinit Nalawade
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA,Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - A Karim Kader
- Department of Urology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rana R McKay
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tyler F Stewart
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Brent S Rose
- Correspondence to: Brent S. Rose, MD, Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California San Diego, 9452 Medical Center Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA (e-mail: )
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6
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Courtney PT, Deka R, Kotha NV, Cherry DR, Salans MA, Nelson TJ, Kumar A, Luterstein E, Yip AT, Nalawade V, Parsons JK, Kader AK, Stewart TF, Rose BS. Active surveillance for intermediate-risk prostate cancer in African American and non-Hispanic White men. Cancer 2021; 127:4403-4412. [PMID: 34347291 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.33824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The safety of active surveillance (AS) for African American men compared with non-Hispanic White (White) men with intermediate-risk prostate cancer is unclear. METHODS The authors identified patients with modified National Comprehensive Cancer Network favorable ("low-intermediate") and unfavorable ("high-intermediate") intermediate-risk prostate cancer diagnosed between 2001 and 2015 and initially managed with AS in the Veterans Health Administration database. They analyzed definitive treatment, disease progression, metastases, prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM), and all-cause mortality by using cumulative incidences and multivariable competing-risks (disease progression, metastasis, and PCSM) or Cox (all-cause mortality) regression. RESULTS The cohort included 1007 men (African Americans, 330 [32.8%]; Whites, 677 [67.2%]) followed for a median of 7.7 years; 773 (76.8%) had low-intermediate-risk disease, and 234 (23.2%) had high-intermediate-risk disease. The 10-year cumulative incidences of definitive treatment were not significantly different (African Americans, 83.5%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 78.5%-88.7%; Whites, 80.6%; 95% CI, 76.6%-84.4%; P = .17). Among those with low-intermediate-risk disease, there were no significant differences in the 10-year cumulative incidences of disease progression (African Americans, 46.8%; 95% CI, 40.0%-53.3%; Whites, 46.9%; 95% CI, 42.1%-51.5%; P = .91), metastasis (African Americans, 7.1%; 95% CI, 3.7%-11.8%; Whites, 10.8%; 95% CI, 7.6%-14.6%; P = .17), or PCSM (African Americans, 3.8%; 95% CI, 1.6%-7.5%; Whites, 3.8%; 95% CI, 2.0%-6.3%; P = .69). In a multivariable regression including the entire cohort, African American race was not associated with increased risks of definitive treatment, disease progression, metastasis, PCSM, or all-cause mortality (all P > .30). CONCLUSIONS Outcomes in the Veterans Affairs Health System were similar for African American and White men treated for low-intermediate-risk prostate cancer with AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Travis Courtney
- Veterans Health Administration San Diego Health Care System, La Jolla, California.,Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Rishi Deka
- Veterans Health Administration San Diego Health Care System, La Jolla, California.,Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Nikhil V Kotha
- Veterans Health Administration San Diego Health Care System, La Jolla, California.,Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Daniel R Cherry
- Veterans Health Administration San Diego Health Care System, La Jolla, California.,Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Mia A Salans
- Veterans Health Administration San Diego Health Care System, La Jolla, California.,Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Tyler J Nelson
- Veterans Health Administration San Diego Health Care System, La Jolla, California.,Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- Veterans Health Administration San Diego Health Care System, La Jolla, California.,Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Elaine Luterstein
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Anthony T Yip
- Veterans Health Administration San Diego Health Care System, La Jolla, California.,Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Vinit Nalawade
- Veterans Health Administration San Diego Health Care System, La Jolla, California.,Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - J Kellogg Parsons
- Veterans Health Administration San Diego Health Care System, La Jolla, California.,Department of Urology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - A Karim Kader
- Veterans Health Administration San Diego Health Care System, La Jolla, California.,Department of Urology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Tyler F Stewart
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Brent S Rose
- Veterans Health Administration San Diego Health Care System, La Jolla, California.,Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
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7
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Klebaner D, Travis Courtney P, Garraway IP, Einck J, Kumar A, Elena Martinez M, McKay R, Murphy JD, Parada H, Sandhu A, Stewart T, Yamoah K, Rose BS. Association of Health-Care System with Prostate Cancer-Specific Mortality in African American and Non-Hispanic White Men. J Natl Cancer Inst 2021; 113:1343-1351. [PMID: 33892497 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djab062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disparities in prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM) between African American and non-Hispanic White (White) patients have been attributed to biological and systemic factors. We evaluated drivers of these disparities in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) national registry and an equal-access system, the Veterans Health Administration (VHA). METHODS We identified African American and White patients diagnosed with prostate cancer between 2004-2015 in SEER (N = 311,691) and the VHA (N = 90,749). We analyzed the association between race and metastatic disease at presentation using multivariable logistic regression adjusting for sociodemographic factors, and PCSM using sequential competing-risks regression adjusting for disease and sociodemographic factors. RESULTS The median follow-up was 5.3 years in SEER and 4.7 years in the VHA. African American men were more likely than White men to present with metastatic disease in SEER (adjusted odds ratio = 1.23, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.17-1.30), but not in the VHA (adjusted odds ratio = 1.07, 95% CI = 0.98-1.17). African American versus White race was associated with an increased risk of PCSM in SEER (subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR] = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.10-1.60), but not in the VHA (SHR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.93-1.08). Adjusting for disease extent, PSA, and Gleason score eliminated the association between race and PCSM in SEER (aSHR 1.04, 95% CI 0.93-1.16). CONCLUSIONS Racial disparities in PCSM were present in a nationally representative registry, but not in an equal-access healthcare system, due to differences in advanced disease at presentation. Strategies to increase healthcare access may bridge the racial disparity in outcomes. Longer follow-up is needed to fully assess mortality outcomes.Disparities between African American and non-Hispanic White (White) patients in cancer-specific mortality have been described across numerous cancer types and healthcare systems[1-5]. The survival gap between African American and White patients with prostate cancer has been well-characterized, with two-fold higher prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM) rates among African American patients depending on the setting[1, 6-10]. This disparity has been attributed to differences in prostate cancer biology in African American men, in addition to systemic factors in mediating this disparity, such as differential access to healthcare, Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) screening, and distrust in the healthcare system[1, 11-16].The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) is a relatively equal-access healthcare system that treats a large, ethnically diverse population of veterans. The Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program is a national cancer registry program that collects data from the general United States (US) population. The goals of the present investigation were to 1) Compare PCSM between African American and White men within SEER and the VHA and 2) Identify modifiable system-level contributors to these disparities. We hypothesized that PCSM would be comparable among African American and White men in an equal-access setting, the VHA, but not in a national registry, SEER, and that this disparity in SEER would be in part driven by more advanced disease at presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella Klebaner
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - P Travis Courtney
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California.,Veterans Health Administration San Diego Health Care System, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Isla P Garraway
- Department of Urology, University of California Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - John Einck
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Maria Elena Martinez
- Department of Population Sciences, University of California San Diego Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California.,Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Rana McKay
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - James D Murphy
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California.,Veterans Health Administration San Diego Health Care System, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Humberto Parada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, San Diego State University Graduate School of Public Health,San Diego, California
| | - Ajay Sandhu
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Tyler Stewart
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Kosj Yamoah
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa Bay, Florida
| | - Brent S Rose
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California.,Veterans Health Administration San Diego Health Care System, La Jolla, California, USA
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Deka R, Parsons JK, Simpson DR, Riviere P, Nalawade V, Vitzthum LK, Kader AK, Kane CJ, Rock CS, Murphy JD, Rose BS. African-American men with low-risk prostate cancer treated with radical prostatectomy in an equal-access health care system: implications for active surveillance. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2020; 23:581-588. [PMID: 32327702 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-020-0230-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is concern that African-American men (AA) with low-risk prostate cancer may present with more aggressive disease and thus may not be candidates for active surveillance (AS). However, it is uncertain if poorer outcomes are due to disparities in access to medical care rather than true biological differences. METHODS Observational cohort study of patients diagnosed with low-risk PC-Gleason score ≤6, clinical tumor stage ≤2A, and prostate specific antigen (PSA) level ≤10-at US Department of Veterans Affairs between January 1, 2001 and October 31, 2015 and treated with radical prostatectomy. Outcomes included upgrading to Gleason Grade Group 2 (GG2), GG ≥ 3, PSA recurrence, pathologic tumor stage ≥3, positive surgical margins, and all-cause mortality. RESULTS A total of 2857 men (AA: 835 White: 2022) with a median follow-up of 7.1 years. Overall, there was no significant difference between AA and White men in upgrading to GG ≥ 3 (RR = 1.18, p = 0.43), tumor stage ≥3 (RR = 0.95, p = 0.74), positive surgical margins (RR = 1.14, p = 0.20), PSA recurrence (SHR = 1.26, p = 0.06), and all-cause mortality (SHR = 1.26, p = 0.16). However, there was a significant increase in upgrading for AA to GG2 (RR = 1.49, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS There was no significant difference in most adverse pathologic outcomes between AA and White patients. However, GG2 upgrading was more common in AA men. The implication is that AA may need to undergo additional evaluation, such as a biopsy MRI, before initiating AS. Whether the increase in GG2 upgrading will lead to poorer long-term clinical outcomes such as metastasis and PCSM also requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Deka
- VA San Diego Health Care System, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - J Kellogg Parsons
- Department of Urology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Daniel R Simpson
- VA San Diego Health Care System, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Paul Riviere
- VA San Diego Health Care System, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Vinit Nalawade
- VA San Diego Health Care System, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lucas K Vitzthum
- VA San Diego Health Care System, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - A Karim Kader
- Department of Urology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christopher J Kane
- Department of Urology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Chelsea S Rock
- VA San Diego Health Care System, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - James D Murphy
- VA San Diego Health Care System, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Brent S Rose
- VA San Diego Health Care System, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
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9
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Deka R, Courtney PT, Parsons JK, Nelson TJ, Nalawade V, Luterstein E, Cherry DR, Simpson DR, Mundt AJ, Murphy JD, D’Amico AV, Kane CJ, Martinez ME, Rose BS. Association Between African American Race and Clinical Outcomes in Men Treated for Low-Risk Prostate Cancer With Active Surveillance. JAMA 2020; 324:1747-1754. [PMID: 33141207 PMCID: PMC7610194 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2020.17020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Importance There is concern that African American men with low-risk prostate cancer may harbor more aggressive disease than non-Hispanic White men. Therefore, it is unclear whether active surveillance is a safe option for African American men. Objective To compare clinical outcomes of African American and non-Hispanic White men with low-risk prostate cancer managed with active surveillance. Design, Setting, and Participants Retrospective cohort study in the US Veterans Health Administration Health Care System of African American and non-Hispanic White men diagnosed with low-risk prostate cancer between January 1, 2001, and December 31, 2015, and managed with active surveillance. The date of final follow-up was March 31, 2020. Exposures Active surveillance was defined as no definitive treatment within the first year of diagnosis and at least 1 additional surveillance biopsy. Main Outcomes and Measures Progression to at least intermediate-risk, definitive treatment, metastasis, prostate cancer-specific mortality, and all-cause mortality. Results The cohort included 8726 men, including 2280 African American men (26.1%) (median age, 63.2 years) and 6446 non-Hispanic White men (73.9%) (median age, 65.5 years), and the median follow-up was 7.6 years (interquartile range, 5.7-9.9; range, 0.2-19.2). Among African American men and non-Hispanic White men, respectively, the 10-year cumulative incidence of disease progression was 59.9% vs 48.3% (difference, 11.6% [95% CI, 9.2% to 13.9%); P < .001); of receipt of definitive treatment, 54.8% vs 41.4% (difference, 13.4% [95% CI, 11.0% to 15.7%]; P < .001); of metastasis, 1.5% vs 1.4% (difference, 0.1% [95% CI, -0.4% to 0.6%]; P = .49); of prostate cancer-specific mortality, 1.1% vs 1.0% (difference, 0.1% [95% CI, -0.4% to 0.6%]; P = .82); and of all-cause mortality, 22.4% vs 23.5% (difference, 1.1% [95% CI, -0.9% to 3.1%]; P = 0.09). Conclusions and Relevance In this retrospective cohort study of men with low-risk prostate cancer followed up for a median of 7.6 years, African American men, compared with non-Hispanic White men, had a statistically significant increased 10-year cumulative incidence of disease progression and definitive treatment, but not metastasis or prostate cancer-specific mortality. Longer-term follow-up is needed to better assess the mortality risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Deka
- VHA San Diego Health Care System, La Jolla, California
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla
| | - P. Travis Courtney
- VHA San Diego Health Care System, La Jolla, California
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla
| | - J. Kellogg Parsons
- VHA San Diego Health Care System, La Jolla, California
- Department of Urology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla
| | - Tyler J. Nelson
- VHA San Diego Health Care System, La Jolla, California
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla
| | - Vinit Nalawade
- VHA San Diego Health Care System, La Jolla, California
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla
| | - Elaine Luterstein
- VHA San Diego Health Care System, La Jolla, California
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla
| | - Daniel R. Cherry
- VHA San Diego Health Care System, La Jolla, California
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla
| | - Daniel R. Simpson
- VHA San Diego Health Care System, La Jolla, California
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla
| | - Arno J. Mundt
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla
| | - James D. Murphy
- VHA San Diego Health Care System, La Jolla, California
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla
| | - Anthony V. D’Amico
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christopher J. Kane
- Department of Urology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla
| | - Maria Elena Martinez
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla
| | - Brent S. Rose
- VHA San Diego Health Care System, La Jolla, California
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla
- Department of Urology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla
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10
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Coogan P, Schon K, Li S, Cozier Y, Bethea T, Rosenberg L. Experiences of racism and subjective cognitive function in African American women. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 12:e12067. [PMID: 32782921 PMCID: PMC7409101 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We hypothesized that frequent experiences of racism among African American women would adversely affect subjective cognitive function (SCF), based on the established association of psychological stress with memory decline. METHODS We used multinomial logistic regression to quantify the association between experiences of racism and SCF, based on six questions, among 17,320 participants in the prospective Black Women's Health Study. RESULTS The multivariable odds ratio (OR, 95% confidence interval [CI]) for poor compared to good SCF among women at the highest versus the lowest level of daily racism (eg, poorer service in stores) was 2.75 (2.34 to 3.23); for the same comparison among women at the highest level of institutional racism (eg, discriminated against in housing) relative to the lowest, the OR was 2.66 (2.24 to 3.15). The associations were mediated, in part, by depression and insomnia. DISCUSSION Experiences of racism, a highly prevalent psychosocial stressor among African Americans, were associated with lower SCF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Coogan
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Karin Schon
- Department of Anatomy and NeurobiologyBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Shanshan Li
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Yvette Cozier
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Traci Bethea
- Department of Oncology, Office of Minority Health and Health Disparities ResearchGeorgetown University School of MedicineWashingtonDCUSA
| | - Lynn Rosenberg
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
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11
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Deka R, Simpson DR, Panizzon MS, Hauger RL, Riviere P, Nalawade V, McKay R, Murphy JD, Rose BS. Stroke and thromboembolic events in men with prostate cancer treated with definitive radiation therapy with or without androgen deprivation therapy. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2019; 22:600-608. [PMID: 30988408 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-019-0150-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is conflicting evidence regarding the association between androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer (PC) and the risk of developing stroke and thromboembolic events. Our study evaluated the association between ADT use and development of stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA), deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and pulmonary embolism (PE) in a homogenous group of men with PC treated with definitive radiation therapy (RT) after controlling for multiple sources of confounding. METHODS Observational cohort study of patients diagnosed with PC at the US Department of Veterans Affairs between 1 January 2001 and October 31, 2015 and treated with definitive RT. Exposure was initiation of ADT within 1 year of PC diagnosis. Primary outcomes were development of stroke, TIA, DVT, or PE. RESULTS 44,246 men with median follow-up of 6.8 years. The overall cumulative incidences of stroke, TIA, DVT, and PE at 10 years were 6.0, 3.0, 3.4, and 1.9%, respectively. In the multivariable competing risks model, there was a significant association between ADT and stroke (subdistribution hazard ratio (SHR) = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.09-1.30, p < 0.01), TIA (SHR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.08-1.41, p < 0.01), and DVT (SHR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.04-1.34, p < 0.01). ADT was only associated with PE in men receiving ADT for > 1 year (SHR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.06-1.69, p-value = 0.03). CONCLUSION We observed an increase in the risk of stroke, TIA, and DVT in men receiving ADT and an increased risk of PE in men receiving long-term ADT. These results highlight concerns regarding long-term risks of ADT on stroke and thromboembolic events in the treatment of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Deka
- VA San Diego Health Care System, La Jolla, CA, USA. .,Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Daniel R Simpson
- VA San Diego Health Care System, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Matthew S Panizzon
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Richard L Hauger
- VA San Diego Health Care System, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Paul Riviere
- VA San Diego Health Care System, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Vinit Nalawade
- VA San Diego Health Care System, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rana McKay
- VA San Diego Health Care System, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - James D Murphy
- VA San Diego Health Care System, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Brent S Rose
- VA San Diego Health Care System, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
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12
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Wegienka G, Sitarik A, Levin AM, Zoratti EM, Ownby D, Johnson CC, Havstad S. Exploring latent classes to identify prenatal and early-life sources of racial disparities in allergic disease. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2019; 122:650-652.e1. [PMID: 30953785 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2019.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ganesa Wegienka
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan; in Vivo: Planetary Health: an affiliate of the World Universities Network (WUN), West New York, New Jersey; Center for Urban Responses to Environmental Stressors, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.
| | - Alexandra Sitarik
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan; in Vivo: Planetary Health: an affiliate of the World Universities Network (WUN), West New York, New Jersey
| | - Albert M Levin
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Edward M Zoratti
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Dennis Ownby
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Christine Cole Johnson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan; in Vivo: Planetary Health: an affiliate of the World Universities Network (WUN), West New York, New Jersey; Center for Urban Responses to Environmental Stressors, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Suzanne Havstad
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan; in Vivo: Planetary Health: an affiliate of the World Universities Network (WUN), West New York, New Jersey
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13
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Deka R, Rose BS, Bryant AK, Sarkar RR, Nalawade V, McKay R, Murphy JD, Simpson DR. Androgen deprivation therapy and depression in men with prostate cancer treated with definitive radiation therapy. Cancer 2019; 125:1070-1080. [DOI: 10.1002/cncr.31982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Deka
- VA San Diego Health Care System La JollaCalifornia
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences University of California San Diego School of Medicine La JollaCalifornia
| | - Brent S. Rose
- VA San Diego Health Care System La JollaCalifornia
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences University of California San Diego School of Medicine La JollaCalifornia
| | - Alex K. Bryant
- VA San Diego Health Care System La JollaCalifornia
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences University of California San Diego School of Medicine La JollaCalifornia
| | - Reith R. Sarkar
- VA San Diego Health Care System La JollaCalifornia
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences University of California San Diego School of Medicine La JollaCalifornia
| | - Vinit Nalawade
- VA San Diego Health Care System La JollaCalifornia
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences University of California San Diego School of Medicine La JollaCalifornia
| | - Rana McKay
- VA San Diego Health Care System La JollaCalifornia
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences University of California San Diego School of Medicine La JollaCalifornia
| | - James D. Murphy
- VA San Diego Health Care System La JollaCalifornia
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences University of California San Diego School of Medicine La JollaCalifornia
| | - Daniel R. Simpson
- VA San Diego Health Care System La JollaCalifornia
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences University of California San Diego School of Medicine La JollaCalifornia
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14
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Samuels-Kalow ME, Camargo CA. The Use of Geographic Data to Improve Asthma Care Delivery and Population Health. Clin Chest Med 2018; 40:209-225. [PMID: 30691713 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccm.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The authors examine uses of geographic data to improve asthma care delivery and population health and describe potential practice changes and areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret E Samuels-Kalow
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Zero Emerson Place Suite 104, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Carlos A Camargo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 125 Nashua Street, Suite 920, Boston MA 02114, USA
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15
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Kim D, Glazier RH, Zagorski B, Kawachi I, Oreopoulos P. Neighbourhood socioeconomic position and risks of major chronic diseases and all-cause mortality: a quasi-experimental study. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e018793. [PMID: 29780025 PMCID: PMC5961585 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study estimated the health impacts of neighbourhood socioeconomic position (SEP) among public housing residents. Because applicants to public housing were assigned to housing projects primarily based on factors other than personal choice, we capitalised on a quasirandom source of variation in neighbourhood of residence to obtain more valid estimates of the health impacts of neighbourhood SEP. DESIGN Quasiexperimental study. SETTING Greater Metropolitan Toronto area, Canada. PARTICIPANTS Residents (24 019-28 858 adults age ≥30 years in 1994 for all outcomes except for asthma, for which the sample was expanded to 66 627 individuals age ≥4 years) of public housing on 1 January 1994. OUTCOME MEASURES Incident hypertension, diabetes, asthma, and acute myocardial infarction (MI) and all-cause mortality between 1 January 1994 and 31 December 2006. We used multivariate Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for the associations between the quartile of census tract-level SEP and the risk of diagnosis of each health outcome as well as death from any cause. RESULTS Living in a public housing project in the second highest neighbourhood SEP quartile (Q3) was associated with lower hazards of acute MI (HR=0.76, 95% CI 0.54 to 1.07; P=0.11), incident asthma (HR=0.80, 95% CI 0.67 to 0.96; P=0.02) and all-cause mortality (HR=0.86, 95% CI 0.73 to 1.01; P=0.06) compared to living in the lowest neighbourhood SEP quartile (Q1), although only the trend for incident asthma reached statistical significance (P for trend=0.04). By contrast, the associations corresponding to living in the highest versus lowest quartile of median household income (Q4 vs Q1) were neither consistent in direction nor significant. The inconsistent associations may partly be attributed to selection and status incongruity. CONCLUSION This study provides new evidence compatible with protective influences of higher neighbourhood SEP on health outcomes, particularly asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kim
- Department of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, EHESP School of Public Health, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Richard H Glazier
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Family and Community Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brandon Zagorski
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- BMZ Analytics, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Philip Oreopoulos
- Department of Economics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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16
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Cox LAT. Socioeconomic and air pollution correlates of adult asthma, heart attack, and stroke risks in the United States, 2010-2013. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 155:92-107. [PMID: 28208075 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Asthma in the United States has become an important public health issue, with many physicians, regulators, and scientists elsewhere expressing concern that criterion air pollutants have contributed to a rising tide of asthma cases and symptoms. This paper studies recent associations (from 2008 to 2012) between self-reported asthma experiences and potential predictors, including age, sex, income, education, smoking, and county-level average annual ambient concentrations of ozone (O3) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) levels recorded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, for adults 50 years old or older for whom survey data are available from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). We also examine associations between these variables and self-reported heart attack and stroke experience; all three health outcomes are positively associated with each other. Young divorced women with low incomes are at greatest risk of asthma, especially if they are ever-smokers. Income is an important confounder of other relations. For example, in logistic regression modeling, PM2.5 is positively associated (p<0.06) with both stroke risk and heart attack risk when these are regressed only against PM2.5, sex, age, and ever-smoking status, but not when they are regressed against these variables and income. In this data set, PM2.5 is significantly negatively associated with asthma risk in regression models, with a 10μg/m3 decrease in PM2.5 corresponding to about a 6% increase in the probability of asthma, possibly because of confounding by smoking, which is negatively associated with PM2.5 and positively associated with asthma risk. A variety of non-parametric methods are used to quantify these associations and to explore potential causal interpretations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Anthony Tony Cox
- Cox Associates and University of Colorado, 503 N. Franklin Street, Denver, CO 80218, USA.
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