1
|
Freistetter NC, Simmons GS, Wu Y, Finger DC, Hood-Nowotny R. Tracking global invasion pathways of the spongy moth (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) to the United States using stable isotopes as endogenous biomarkers. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9092. [PMID: 35845358 PMCID: PMC9277613 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The spread of invasive insect species causes enormous ecological damage and economic losses worldwide. A reliable method that tracks back an invaded insect's origin would be of great use to entomologists, phytopathologists, and pest managers. The spongy moth (Lymantria dispar, Linnaeus 1758) is a persistent invasive pest in the Northeastern United States and periodically causes major defoliations in temperate forests. We analyzed field‐captured (Europe, Asia, United States) and laboratory‐reared L. dispar specimens for their natal isotopic hydrogen and nitrogen signatures imprinted in their biological tissues (δ2H and δ15N) and compared these values to the long‐term mean δ2H of regional precipitation (Global Network of Isotopes in Precipitation) and δ15N of regional plants at the capture site. We established the percentage of hydrogen–deuterium exchange for L. dispar tissue (Pex = 8.2%) using the comparative equilibration method and two‐source mixing models, which allowed the extraction of the moth's natal δ2H value. We confirmed that the natal δ2H and δ15N values of our specimens are related to the environmental signatures at their geographic origins. With our regression models, we were able to isolate potentially invasive individuals and give estimations of their geographic origin. To enable the application of these methods on eggs, we established an egg‐to‐adult fraction factor for L. dispar (Δegg‐adult = 16.3 ± 4.3‰). Our models suggested that around 25% of the field‐captured spongy moths worldwide were not native in the investigated capture sites. East Asia was the most frequently identified location of probable origin. Furthermore, our data suggested that eggs found on cargo ships in the United States harbors in Alaska, California, and Louisiana most probably originated from Asian L. dispar in East Russia. These findings show that stable isotope biomarkers give a unique insight into invasive insect species pathways, and thus, can be an effective tool to monitor the spread of insect pest epidemics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadine-Cyra Freistetter
- Institute of Soil Research, Department of Forest- and Soil Sciences University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Tulln Austria.,Department of Engineering Reykjavik University Reykjavík Iceland.,Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI) Climate Systems Unit Dynamicum Kumpula Finland
| | - Gregory S Simmons
- Otis Laboratory and Salinas Station, United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Science and Technology Buzzards Bay/Salinas MA/CA USA
| | - Yunke Wu
- Otis Laboratory and Salinas Station, United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Science and Technology Buzzards Bay/Salinas MA/CA USA
| | - David C Finger
- Department of Engineering Reykjavik University Reykjavík Iceland.,Sustainability Institute and Forum (SIF) Reykjavik University Reykjavík Iceland
| | - Rebecca Hood-Nowotny
- Institute of Soil Research, Department of Forest- and Soil Sciences University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Tulln Austria
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Siljamo P, Ashbrook K, Comont RF, Skjøth CA. Do atmospheric events explain the arrival of an invasive ladybird (Harmonia axyridis) in the UK? PLoS One 2020; 15:e0219335. [PMID: 31940348 PMCID: PMC6961926 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Species introduced outside their natural range threaten global biodiversity and despite greater awareness of invasive species risks at ports and airports, control measures in place only concern anthropogenic routes of dispersal. Here, we use the Harlequin ladybird, Harmonia axyridis, an invasive species which first established in the UK from continental Europe in 2004, to test whether records from 2004 and 2005 were associated with atmospheric events. We used the atmospheric- chemistry transport model SILAM to model the movement of this species from known distributions in continental Europe and tested whether the predicted atmospheric events were associated with the frequency of ladybird records in the UK. We show that the distribution of this species in the early years of its arrival does not provide substantial evidence for a purely anthropogenic introduction and show instead that atmospheric events can better explain this arrival event. Our results suggest that air flows which may assist dispersal over the English Channel are relatively frequent; ranging from once a week from Belgium and the Netherlands to 1-2 times a week from France over our study period. Given the frequency of these events, we demonstrate that atmospheric-assisted dispersal is a viable route for flying species to cross natural barriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pilvi Siljamo
- Meteorological Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
- School of Science & the Environment, University of Worcester, Worcester, England, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Ashbrook
- School of Science & the Environment, University of Worcester, Worcester, England, United Kingdom
| | - Richard F. Comont
- School of Science & the Environment, University of Worcester, Worcester, England, United Kingdom
| | - Carsten Ambelas Skjøth
- School of Science & the Environment, University of Worcester, Worcester, England, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Modeling the distances traveled by flying insects based on the combination of flight mill and mark-release-recapture experiments. Ecol Modell 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
4
|
Rodger JG, Landi P, Hui C. Heterogeneity in local density allows a positive evolutionary relationship between self-fertilisation and dispersal. Evolution 2018; 72:1784-1800. [PMID: 30039639 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite empirical evidence for a positive relationship between dispersal and self-fertilization (selfing), theoretical work predicts that these traits should always be negatively correlated, and the Good Coloniser Syndrome of high dispersal and selfing (Cf. Baker's Law) should not evolve. Critically, previous work assumes that adult density is spatiotemporally homogeneous, so selfing results in identical offspring production for all patches, eliminating the benefit of dispersal for escaping from local resource competition. We investigate the joint evolution of dispersal and selfing in a demographically structured metapopulation model where local density is spatiotemporally heterogeneous due to extinction-recolonization dynamics. Selfing alleviates outcrossing failure due to low local density (an Allee effect) while dispersal alleviates competition through dispersal of propagules from high- to low-density patches. Because local density is spatiotemporally heterogeneous in our model, selfing does not eliminate heterogeneity in competition, so dispersal remains beneficial even under full selfing. Hence the Good Coloniser Syndrome is evolutionarily stable under a broad range of conditions, and both negative and positive relationships between dispersal and selfing are possible, depending on the environment. Our model thus accommodates positive empirical relationships between dispersal and selfing not predicted by previous theoretical work and provides additional explanations for negative relationships.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James G Rodger
- Theoretical Ecology Group, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, 7602, South Africa.,Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Pietro Landi
- Theoretical Ecology Group, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, 7602, South Africa.,Evolution and Ecology Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, 2361, Austria
| | - Cang Hui
- Theoretical Ecology Group, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, 7602, South Africa.,Mathematical and Physical Biosciences, African Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Muizenberg, 7945, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Grayson KL, Johnson DM. Novel insights on population and range edge dynamics using an unparalleled spatiotemporal record of species invasion. J Anim Ecol 2017; 87:581-593. [PMID: 28892141 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Quantifying the complex spatial dynamics taking place at range edges is critical for understanding future distributions of species, yet very few systems have sufficient data or the spatial resolution to empirically test these dynamics. This paper reviews how data from a large-scale pest management programme have provided important contributions to the fields of population dynamics and invasion biology. The invasion of gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) is well-documented from its introduction near Boston, Massachusetts USA in 1869 to its current extent of over 900,000 km2 in Eastern North America. Over the past two decades, the USDA Forest Service Slow the Spread (STS) programme for managing the future spread of gypsy moth has produced unrivalled spatiotemporal data across the invasion front. The STS programme annually deploys a grid of 60,000-100,000 pheromone-baited traps, currently extending from Minnesota to North Carolina. The data from this programme have provided the foundation for investigations of complex population dynamics and the ability to examine ecological hypotheses previously untestable outside of theoretical venues, particularly regarding invasive spread and Allee effects. This system provides empirical data on the importance of long-distance dispersal and time-lags on population establishment and spatial spread. Studies showing high rates of spatiotemporal variation of the range edge, from rapid spread to border stasis and even retraction, highlight future opportunities to test mechanisms that influence both invasive and native species ranges. The STS trap data have also created a unique opportunity to study low-density population dynamics and quantify Allee effects with empirical data. Notable contributions include evidence for spatiotemporal variation in Allee effects, demonstrating empirical links between Allee effects and spatial spread, and testing mechanisms of population persistence and growth rates at range edges. There remain several outstanding questions in spatial ecology and population biology that can be tested within this system, such as the scaling of local ecological processes to large-scale dynamics across landscapes. The gypsy moth is an ideal model of how important ecological questions can be answered by thinking more broadly about monitoring data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Derek M Johnson
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
|
7
|
Pureswaran DS, Johns R, Heard SB, Quiring D. Paradigms in Eastern Spruce Budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Population Ecology: A Century of Debate. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 45:1333-1342. [PMID: 28028079 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvw103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Three main hypotheses have been postulated over the past century to explain the outbreaking population dynamics of eastern spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens). The Silviculture Hypothesis first arose in the 1920s, with the idea that outbreaks were driven by forestry practices favoring susceptible softwood species. In the 1960s, it was proposed that populations were governed by Multiple Equilibria, with warm weather conditions releasing low-density populations from the regulatory control of natural enemies. Dispersal from outbreak foci, or "epicenters," was seen as causing widespread outbreaks that eventually collapsed following resource depletion. However, in the 1980s, following the re-analysis of data from the 1940s outbreak in New Brunswick, this interpretation was challenged. The alternative Oscillatory Hypothesis proposed that budworm population dynamics were governed by a second-order density-dependent process, with oscillations being driven by natural enemy-victim interactions. Under this hypothesis, weather and resource availability contribute to secondary fluctuations around the main oscillation, and weather and moth dispersal serve to synchronize population cycles regionally. Intensive, independent population studies during the peak and declining phases of the 1980s outbreak supported the principal tenet of the Oscillatory Hypothesis, but concluded that host plant quality played a more important role than this hypothesis proposed. More recent research on the early phase of spruce budworm cycles suggests that mate-finding and natural-enemy-driven Allee effects in low-density populations might be overcome by immigration of moths, which can facilitate the onset of outbreaks. Even more recent research has supported components of all three hypotheses attempting to explain spruce budworm dynamics. In the midst of a new rising outbreak (2006-present), we discuss the evolution of debates surrounding these hypotheses from a historic perspective, examine gaps in current knowledge, and suggest avenues for future research (e.g., intensive studies on low-density populations) to better understand and manage spruce budworm populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepa S Pureswaran
- Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Quebec City, QC, G1V 4C7, Canada
| | - Rob Johns
- Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | - Stephen B Heard
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | - Dan Quiring
- Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
- Entomological Research Services Inc, Douglas, NB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Goodsman DW, Lewis MA. The minimum founding population in dispersing organisms subject to strong Allee effects. Methods Ecol Evol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.12573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Devin W. Goodsman
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta CW 405 Biological Sciences Bldg Edmonton AB T6G 2E9 Canada
| | - Mark A. Lewis
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta CW 405 Biological Sciences Bldg Edmonton AB T6G 2E9 Canada
- Mathematical and Statistical Sciences University of Alberta 632 CAB Edmonton AB T6G 2G1 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Miller TE, Inouye BD. Sex and stochasticity affect range expansion of experimental invasions. Ecol Lett 2012; 16:354-61. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.12049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tom E.X. Miller
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Rice University; Houston; TX; 77005; USA
| | - Brian D. Inouye
- Department of Biological Science; Florida State University; Tallahassee; FL; 32306; USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
|