1
|
García‐Rodríguez A, Lenzner B, Marino C, Liu C, Velasco JA, Bellard C, Jeschke JM, Seebens H, Essl F. Patterns and drivers of climatic niche dynamics during biological invasions of island-endemic amphibians, reptiles, and birds. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:4924-4938. [PMID: 37395619 PMCID: PMC10946511 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Shifts between native and alien climatic niches pose a major challenge for predicting biological invasions. This is particularly true for insular species because geophysical barriers could constrain the realization of their fundamental niches, which may lead to underestimates of their invasion potential. To investigate this idea, we estimated the frequency of shifts between native and alien climatic niches and the magnitude of climatic mismatches using 80,148 alien occurrences of 46 endemic insular amphibian, reptile, and bird species. Then, we assessed the influence of nine potential predictors on climatic mismatches across taxa, based on species' characteristics, native range physical characteristics, and alien range properties. We found that climatic mismatch is common during invasions of endemic insular birds and reptiles: 78.3% and 55.1% of their respective alien records occurred outside of the environmental space of species' native climatic niche. In comparison, climatic mismatch was evident for only 16.2% of the amphibian invasions analyzed. Several predictors significantly explained climatic mismatch, and these varied among taxonomic groups. For amphibians, only native range size was associated with climatic mismatch. For reptiles, the magnitude of climatic mismatch was higher for species with narrow native altitudinal ranges, occurring in topographically complex or less remote islands, as well as for species with larger distances between their native and alien ranges. For birds, climatic mismatch was significantly larger for invasions on continents with higher phylogenetic diversity of the recipient community, and when the invader was more evolutionarily distinct. Our findings highlight that apparently common niche shifts of insular species may jeopardize our ability to forecast their potential invasions using correlative methods based on climatic variables. Also, we show which factors provide additional insights on the actual invasion potential of insular endemic amphibians, reptiles, and birds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrián García‐Rodríguez
- Division of BioInvasions, Global Change and Macroecology, Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Bernd Lenzner
- Division of BioInvasions, Global Change and Macroecology, Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Clara Marino
- Université Paris‐Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systématique EvolutionGif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Chunlong Liu
- College of FisheriesOcean University of ChinaQingdaoChina
- Institute of HydrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
| | - Julián A. Velasco
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y Cambio ClimáticoUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico CityMexico
| | - Céline Bellard
- Université Paris‐Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systématique EvolutionGif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Jonathan M. Jeschke
- Institute of BiologyFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB)BerlinGermany
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB)BerlinGermany
| | - Hanno Seebens
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research CentreFrankfurtGermany
| | - Franz Essl
- Division of BioInvasions, Global Change and Macroecology, Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gilbert NA, McGinn KA, Nunes LA, Shipley AA, Bernath-Plaisted J, Clare JDJ, Murphy PW, Keyser SR, Thompson KL, Maresh Nelson SB, Cohen JM, Widick IV, Bartel SL, Orrock JL, Zuckerberg B. Daily activity timing in the Anthropocene. Trends Ecol Evol 2023; 38:324-336. [PMID: 36402653 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2022.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Animals are facing novel 'timescapes' in which the stimuli entraining their daily activity patterns no longer match historical conditions due to anthropogenic disturbance. However, the ecological effects (e.g., altered physiology, species interactions) of novel activity timing are virtually unknown. We reviewed 1328 studies and found relatively few focusing on anthropogenic effects on activity timing. We suggest three hypotheses to stimulate future research: (i) activity-timing mismatches determine ecological effects, (ii) duration and timing of timescape modification influence effects, and (iii) consequences of altered activity timing vary biogeographically due to broad-scale variation in factors compressing timescapes. The continued growth of sampling technologies promises to facilitate the study of the consequences of altered activity timing, with emerging applications for biodiversity conservation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neil A Gilbert
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Kate A McGinn
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Laura A Nunes
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Amy A Shipley
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Jacy Bernath-Plaisted
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - John D J Clare
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Penelope W Murphy
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Spencer R Keyser
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Kimberly L Thompson
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), 04103 Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
| | - Scott B Maresh Nelson
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jeremy M Cohen
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Ivy V Widick
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Savannah L Bartel
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - John L Orrock
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Benjamin Zuckerberg
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
OUP accepted manuscript. Behav Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arab154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
4
|
Alruiz JM, Peralta-Maraver I, Bozinovic F, Santos M, Rezende EL. Thermal tolerance in Drosophila: repercussions for distribution, community coexistence and responses to climate change. J Anim Ecol 2021; 91:655-667. [PMID: 34951017 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Here we combined controlled experiments and field surveys to determine if estimates of heat tolerance predict distributional ranges and phenology of different Drosophila species in southern South America. We contrasted thermal death time curves, which consider both magnitude and duration of the challenge to estimate heat tolerance, against the thermal range where populations are viable based on field surveys in an 8-yr longitudinal study. We observed a strong correspondence of the physiological limits, the thermal niche for population growth, and the geographic ranges across studied species, which suggests that the thermal biology of different species provides a common currency to understand how species will respond to warming temperatures both at a local level and throughout their distribution range. Our approach represents a novel analytical toolbox to anticipate how natural communities of ectothermic organisms will respond to global warming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José M Alruiz
- Departamento de Ecología, Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ignacio Peralta-Maraver
- Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.,Research Unit Modeling Nature (MNat), Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Bozinovic
- Departamento de Ecología, Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauro Santos
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Grup de Genòmica, Bioinformàtica i Biología Evolutiva (GBBE), Universitat Autonòma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Enrico L Rezende
- Departamento de Ecología, Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mendes MF, Gottschalk MS, Corrêa RC, Valente-Gaiesky VLS. Functional traits for ecological studies: a review of characteristics of Drosophilidae (Diptera). COMMUNITY ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42974-021-00060-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
6
|
Delclos PJ, Adhikari K, Hassan O, Cambric JE, Matuk AG, Presley RI, Tran J, Sriskantharajah V, Meisel RP. Thermal tolerance and preference are both consistent with the clinal distribution of house fly proto-Y chromosomes. Evol Lett 2021; 5:495-506. [PMID: 34621536 PMCID: PMC8484723 DOI: 10.1002/evl3.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Selection pressures can vary within localized areas and across massive geographical scales. Temperature is one of the best studied ecologically variable abiotic factors that can affect selection pressures across multiple spatial scales. Organisms rely on physiological (thermal tolerance) and behavioral (thermal preference) mechanisms to thermoregulate in response to environmental temperature. In addition, spatial heterogeneity in temperatures can select for local adaptation in thermal tolerance, thermal preference, or both. However, the concordance between thermal tolerance and preference across genotypes and sexes within species and across populations is greatly understudied. The house fly, Musca domestica, is a well-suited system to examine how genotype and environment interact to affect thermal tolerance and preference. Across multiple continents, house fly males from higher latitudes tend to carry the male-determining gene on the Y chromosome, whereas those from lower latitudes usually have the male determiner on the third chromosome. We tested whether these two male-determining chromosomes differentially affect thermal tolerance and preference as predicted by their geographical distributions. We identify effects of genotype and developmental temperature on male thermal tolerance and preference that are concordant with the natural distributions of the chromosomes, suggesting that temperature variation across the species range contributes to the maintenance of the polymorphism. In contrast, female thermal preference is bimodal and largely independent of congener male genotypes. These sexually dimorphic thermal preferences suggest that temperature-dependent mating dynamics within populations could further affect the distribution of the two chromosomes. Together, the differences in thermal tolerance and preference across sexes and male genotypes suggest that different selection pressures may affect the frequencies of the male-determining chromosomes across different spatial scales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo J. Delclos
- Department of Biology and BiochemistryUniversity of HoustonHoustonTexas77004
| | - Kiran Adhikari
- Department of Biology and BiochemistryUniversity of HoustonHoustonTexas77004
| | - Oluwatomi Hassan
- Department of Biology and BiochemistryUniversity of HoustonHoustonTexas77004
| | - Jessica E. Cambric
- Department of Biology and BiochemistryUniversity of HoustonHoustonTexas77004
| | - Anna G. Matuk
- Department of Biology and BiochemistryUniversity of HoustonHoustonTexas77004
| | - Rebecca I. Presley
- Department of Biology and BiochemistryUniversity of HoustonHoustonTexas77004
| | - Jessica Tran
- Department of Biology and BiochemistryUniversity of HoustonHoustonTexas77004
| | - Vyshnika Sriskantharajah
- Department of Biology and BiochemistryUniversity of HoustonHoustonTexas77004
- School of Biomedical InformaticsUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexas77030
| | - Richard P. Meisel
- Department of Biology and BiochemistryUniversity of HoustonHoustonTexas77004
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Couper LI, Farner JE, Caldwell JM, Childs ML, Harris MJ, Kirk DG, Nova N, Shocket M, Skinner EB, Uricchio LH, Exposito-Alonso M, Mordecai EA. How will mosquitoes adapt to climate warming? eLife 2021; 10:69630. [PMID: 34402424 PMCID: PMC8370766 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential for adaptive evolution to enable species persistence under a changing climate is one of the most important questions for understanding impacts of future climate change. Climate adaptation may be particularly likely for short-lived ectotherms, including many pest, pathogen, and vector species. For these taxa, estimating climate adaptive potential is critical for accurate predictive modeling and public health preparedness. Here, we demonstrate how a simple theoretical framework used in conservation biology-evolutionary rescue models-can be used to investigate the potential for climate adaptation in these taxa, using mosquito thermal adaptation as a focal case. Synthesizing current evidence, we find that short mosquito generation times, high population growth rates, and strong temperature-imposed selection favor thermal adaptation. However, knowledge gaps about the extent of phenotypic and genotypic variation in thermal tolerance within mosquito populations, the environmental sensitivity of selection, and the role of phenotypic plasticity constrain our ability to make more precise estimates. We describe how common garden and selection experiments can be used to fill these data gaps. Lastly, we investigate the consequences of mosquito climate adaptation on disease transmission using Aedes aegypti-transmitted dengue virus in Northern Brazil as a case study. The approach outlined here can be applied to any disease vector or pest species and type of environmental change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa I Couper
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | | | - Jamie M Caldwell
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.,Department of Biology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, United States
| | - Marissa L Childs
- Emmett Interdisciplinary Program in Environment and Resources, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Mallory J Harris
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Devin G Kirk
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.,Department of Zoology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Nicole Nova
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Marta Shocket
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Eloise B Skinner
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.,Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Lawrence H Uricchio
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Moises Exposito-Alonso
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.,Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, United States
| | - Erin A Mordecai
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mesas A, Jaramillo A, Castañeda LE. Experimental evolution on heat tolerance and thermal performance curves under contrasting thermal selection in Drosophila subobscura. J Evol Biol 2021; 34:767-778. [PMID: 33662149 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Ectotherms can respond to global warming via evolutionary change of their upper thermal limits (CTmax ). Thus, the estimation of CTmax and its evolutionary potential is crucial to determine their vulnerability to global warming. However, CTmax estimations depend on the thermal stress intensity, and it is not completely clear whether its evolutionary capacity can be affected. Here, we performed an artificial selection experiment to increase heat tolerance using fast- and slow-ramping selection protocols in Drosophila subobscura. We found that heat tolerance evolved in both selection protocols, exhibiting similar evolutionary change rates and realized heritabilities. Additionally, we estimated the thermal performance curves (TPC) to evaluate correlated responses to selection on heat tolerance. We detected that thermal optimum increased in fast-ramping selection lines, but with a cost at the thermal performance breadth. Conversely, we did not detect changes in the TPC for the slow-ramping selection lines, indicating that thermal stress intensity has important effects on the evolution of thermal physiology of ectotherms. These findings, together with previous studies in D. subobscura reporting interpopulation variability and significant heritabilities for heat tolerance, suggest that evolutionary change can contribute to insect persistence in thermally changing environments and adaptation to global warming conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Mesas
- Laboratorio de Genómica y Biodiversidad, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
| | - Angélica Jaramillo
- Programa de Genética Humana, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis E Castañeda
- Programa de Genética Humana, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fan XL, Lin ZH, Scheffers BR. Physiological, developmental, and behavioral plasticity in response to thermal acclimation. J Therm Biol 2021; 97:102866. [PMID: 33863430 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.102866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Organisms with complex ecologies and life-cycle processes may shift physiologically (acclimation in tolerance), developmentally, and/or behaviorally (thermoregulation) in response to changes in climate. As such, climate change may trigger multiple, interacting phenotypic responses, which underscores the nuances of characterizing a species capacity to adapt and respond to climate change. In this study, we use a model frog species, Bufo gargarizans, to examine how three phenotypes, thermal tolerance limits (critical thermal minimum, CTmin and critical thermal maximum, CTmax), ontogeny, and behavioral preferences in temperature (Tpref) respond to different levels of thermal exposure (i.e., acclimation ranging from 10 °C to 30 °C). Acclimation temperature had little effect on Tpref of tadpoles, yet behaviorally they showed strong signs of thermal selection towards an optimum. Both CTmin and CTmax increased with acclimation temperature with an approximate 10% increase in tolerance limits per 1 °C increase in exposure. Development and body size both responded to acclimation temperature, both of which also influenced lower but not upper thermal limits. Our study highlights the idiosyncrasies of estimating climate vulnerability, where multiple phenotypes can respond to shifts in temperature-a complexity that is especially apparent in species with complex life-cycles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao L Fan
- Department of Ecology and Biological Resources, Lishui University, LS, 323000, China
| | - Zhi H Lin
- Department of Ecology and Biological Resources, Lishui University, LS, 323000, China
| | - Brett R Scheffers
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sillero N, Huey RB, Gilchrist G, Rissler L, Pascual M. Distribution modelling of an introduced species: do adaptive genetic markers affect potential range? Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20201791. [PMID: 32933443 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.1791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological invasions have increased in the last few decades mostly due to anthropogenic causes such as globalization of trade. Because invaders sometimes cause large economic losses and ecological disturbances, estimating their origin and potential geographical ranges is useful. Drosophila subobscura is native to the Old World but was introduced in the New World in the late 1970s and spread widely. We incorporate information on adaptive genetic markers into ecological niche modelling and then estimate the most probable geographical source of colonizers; evaluate whether the genetic bottleneck experienced by founders affects their potential distribution; and finally test whether this species has spread to all its potential suitable habitats worldwide. We find the environmental space occupied by this species in its native and introduced distributions are notably the same, although the introduced niche has shifted slightly towards higher temperature and lower precipitation. The genetic bottleneck of founding individuals was a key factor limiting the spread of this introduced species. We also find that regions in the Mediterranean and north-central Portugal show the highest probability of being the origin of the colonizers. Using genetically informed environmental niche modelling can enhance our understanding of the initial colonization and spread of invasive species, and also elucidate potential areas of future expansions worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neftalí Sillero
- CICGE Centro de Investigação em Ciências Geo-Espaciais, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto (FCUP), Observatório Astronómico Prof. Manuel de Barros, Alameda do Monte da Virgem, 4430-146 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Raymond B Huey
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - George Gilchrist
- Division of Environmental Biology, National Science Foundation, Alexandria, VA, USA.,Department of Biology, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA
| | - Leslie Rissler
- Division of Environmental Biology, National Science Foundation, Alexandria, VA, USA
| | - Marta Pascual
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística and IRBio, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Simões P, Santos MA, Carromeu-Santos A, Quina AS, Santos M, Matos M. Beneficial developmental acclimation in reproductive performance under cold but not heat stress. J Therm Biol 2020; 90:102580. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
12
|
Motswagole R, Gotcha N, Nyamukondiwa C. Thermal Biology and Seasonal Population Abundance of Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae): Implications on Pest Management. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE 2019; 11:1179543319863417. [PMID: 31488955 PMCID: PMC6710710 DOI: 10.1177/1179543319863417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Since the first detection of Bactrocera dorsalis in Botswana in 2010, the establishment, spread, and response to prevailing Botswana microclimates under rapidly changing environments remain unknown. This study investigated the presence, seasonal population abundance, and thermal biology of B. dorsalis in Botswana. We measured B. dorsalis thermal tolerance vis critical thermal limits (CTLs) and lethal temperature assays (LTAs) to understand how temperature largely impacts on fitness and hence invasive potential. Seasonal monitoring results indicated B. dorsalis establishment in the Chobe district (its first area of detection). Trap catches showed continuous adult flies' presence all year round and high average monthly trap catches as compared with other districts. Furthermore, B. dorsalis was detected south of Botswana, including Kgatleng, Kweneng, South-east, and Southern districts. Critical thermal maxima (CTmax) to activity for adults and larvae were 46.16°C and 45.23°C, whereas critical thermal minima (CTmin) to activity for adults and larvae were 9.1°C and 7.3°C, respectively. Moreover, we found an improved CTmin for larvae at a slower ramping rate, indicating potential rapid cold hardening. The lower lethal temperature (LLT) and upper lethal temperature (ULT) assays revealed a reduction in survival at all the developmental stages as severity and duration of both temperature extremes increased. Microclimatic temperatures recorded in Botswana showed that environmental temperatures fall within the thermal breath of B. dorsalis activity measured here, indicating a potential conducive climate niche for the insect pest across the country, albeit other factors, e.g., host availability, play a significant role. These results therefore suggest that Botswana microclimatic temperatures aided B. dorsalis activity and invasion pathway are thus significant in mapping invasions and pest risk analysis, and may also aid in designing pest management strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Casper Nyamukondiwa
- Casper Nyamukondiwa, Department of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science & Technology, Private Bag 16, Palapye, Botswana.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Castañeda LE, Romero‐Soriano V, Mesas A, Roff DA, Santos M. Evolutionary potential of thermal preference and heat tolerance in
Drosophila subobscura. J Evol Biol 2019; 32:818-824. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis E. Castañeda
- Programa de Genética Humana Facultad de Medicina Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas Universidad de Chile Santiago Chile
| | | | - Andrés Mesas
- Facultad de Ciencias Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia Valdivia Chile
| | - Derek A. Roff
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology University of California Riverside California
| | - Mauro Santos
- Grup de Genòmica, Bioinformàtica i Biologia Evolutiva (GGBE) Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Angilletta MJ, Condon C, Youngblood JP. Thermal acclimation of flies from three populations of Drosophila melanogaster fails to support the seasonality hypothesis. J Therm Biol 2019; 81:25-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
15
|
Faske TM, Thompson LM, Banahene N, Levorse A, Quiroga Herrera M, Sherman K, Timko SE, Yang B, Gray DR, Parry D, Tobin PC, Eckert AJ, Johnson DM, Grayson KL. Can gypsy moth stand the heat? A reciprocal transplant experiment with an invasive forest pest across its southern range margin. Biol Invasions 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-018-1907-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
16
|
May C, Hillerbrand N, Thompson LM, Faske TM, Martinez E, Parry D, Agosta SJ, Grayson KL. Geographic Variation in Larval Metabolic Rate Between Northern and Southern Populations of the Invasive Gypsy Moth. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2018; 18:5052202. [PMID: 30010927 PMCID: PMC6041892 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iey068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Thermal regimes can diverge considerably across the geographic range of a species, and accordingly, populations can vary in their response to changing environmental conditions. Both local adaptation and acclimatization are important mechanisms for ectotherms to maintain homeostasis as environments become thermally stressful, which organisms often experience at their geographic range limits. The spatial spread of the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) after introduction to North America provides an exemplary system for studying population variation in physiological traits given the gradient of climates encompassed by its current invasive range. This study quantifies differences in resting metabolic rate (RMR) across temperature for four populations of gypsy moth, two from the northern and two from southern regions of their introduced range in North America. Gypsy moth larvae were reared at high and low thermal regimes, and then metabolic activity was monitored at four temperatures using stop-flow respirometry to test for an acclimation response. For all populations, there was a significant increase in RMR as respirometry test temperature increased. Contrary to our expectations, we did not find evidence for metabolic adaptation to colder environments based on our comparisons between northern and southern populations. We also found no evidence for an acclimation response of RMR to rearing temperature for three of the four pairwise comparisons examined. Understanding the thermal sensitivity of metabolic rate in gypsy moth, and understanding the potential for changes in physiology at range extremes, is critical for estimating continued spatial spread of this invasive species both under current and potential future climatic constraints.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn May
- Department of Biology, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA
| | | | | | - Trevor M Faske
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Eloy Martinez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL
| | - Dylan Parry
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY
| | - Salvatore J Agosta
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
- Center for Environmental Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Is thermal limitation the primary driver of elevational distributions? Not for montane rainforest ants in the Australian Wet Tropics. Oecologia 2018; 188:333-342. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-018-4154-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
18
|
Patterns of geographic variation of thermal adapted candidate genes in Drosophila subobscura sex chromosome arrangements. BMC Evol Biol 2018; 18:60. [PMID: 29699488 PMCID: PMC5921438 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-018-1178-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of chromosomal arrangements in adaptation is supported by the repeatable clinal variation in inversion frequencies across continents in colonizing species such as Drosophila subobscura. However, there is a lack of knowledge on the genetic variation in genes within inversions, possibly targets of climatic selection, across a geographic latitudinal gradient. In the present study we analysed four candidate loci for thermal adaptation, located close to the breakpoints, in two chromosomal arrangements of the sex (A) chromosome of Drosophila subobscura with different thermal preferences. Individual chromosomes with A2 (the inverted arrangement considered warm adapted) or AST (the standard ancestral arrangement considered cold adapted) were sequenced across four European localities at varying latitudes, up to ~ 2500 Kms apart. RESULTS Importantly, we found very low differentiation for each specific arrangement across populations as well as no clinal patterns of genomic variation. This suggests wide gene exchange along the cline. Differentiation between the sex chromosome arrangements was significant in the two more proximal regions relative to the AST orientation but not in the distal ones, independently of their location inside or outside the inversion. This can be possibly due to variation in the levels of gene flux and/or selection acting in these regions. CONCLUSIONS Gene flow appears to have homogenized the genetic content within-arrangement at a wide geographical scale, despite the expected diverse selective pressures in the specific natural environments of the different populations sampled. It is thus likely that the inversion frequency clines in this species are being maintained by local adaptation in face of gene flow. The differences between arrangements at non-coding regions might be associated with the previously observed differential gene expression in different thermal regimes. Higher resolution genomic scans for individual chromosomal arrangements performed over a large environmental gradient are needed to find the targets of selection and further elucidate the adaptive mechanisms maintaining chromosomal inversion polymorphisms.
Collapse
|
19
|
Bodlah MA, Zhu AX, Liu XD. Host choice, settling and folding leaf behaviors of the larval rice leaf folder under heat stress. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2016; 106:809-817. [PMID: 27443747 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485316000584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Extreme high-temperature events are the key factor to determine population dynamics of the rice leaf folder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée), in summer. Although we know that adult of this insect can migrate to avoid heat stress, the behavioral response of larva to high temperature is still unclear. Therefore, impacts of high temperature on behavioral traits of C. medinalis including host choice, settling and folding leaf were observed. The results revealed that these behavioral traits were clearly influenced by high temperature. The larvae preferred maize leaves rather than rice and wheat at normal temperature of 27°C, but larvae experienced a higher temperature of 37 or 40°C for 4 h preferred rice leaves rather than maize and wheat. Capacity of young larvae to find host leaves or settle on the upper surface of leaves significantly reduced when they were treated by high temperature. High temperature of 40°C reduced the leaf-folding capacity of the third instar larvae, but no effects were observed on the fourth and fifth instar larvae. Short-term heat acclimation could not improve the capacity of the third instar larvae to make leaf fold under 40°C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Bodlah
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests,Ministry of Education,Department of Entomology,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China
| | - A-X Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests,Ministry of Education,Department of Entomology,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China
| | - X-D Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests,Ministry of Education,Department of Entomology,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abram PK, Boivin G, Moiroux J, Brodeur J. Behavioural effects of temperature on ectothermic animals: unifying thermal physiology and behavioural plasticity. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2016; 92:1859-1876. [PMID: 28980433 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Temperature imposes significant constraints on ectothermic animals, and these organisms have evolved numerous adaptations to respond to these constraints. While the impacts of temperature on the physiology of ectotherms have been extensively studied, there are currently no frameworks available that outline the multiple and often simultaneous pathways by which temperature can affect behaviour. Drawing from the literature on insects, we propose a unified framework that should apply to all ectothermic animals, generalizing temperature's behavioural effects into: (1) kinetic effects, resulting from temperature's bottom-up constraining influence on metabolism and neurophysiology over a range of timescales (from short to long term), and (2) integrated effects, where the top-down integration of thermal information intentionally initiates or modifies a behaviour (behavioural thermoregulation, thermal orientation, thermosensory behavioural adjustments). We discuss the difficulty in distinguishing adaptive behavioural changes from constraints when observing animals' behavioural responses to temperature. We then propose two complementary approaches to distinguish adaptations from constraints, and categorize behaviours according to our framework: (i) 'kinetic null modelling' of temperature's effects on behaviour; and (ii) behavioural ecology experiments using temperature-insensitive mutants. Our framework should help to guide future research on the complex relationship between temperature and behaviour in ectothermic animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul K Abram
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.,Centre de Recherche et de Développement de St-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Canada
| | - Guy Boivin
- Centre de Recherche et de Développement de St-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Canada
| | - Joffrey Moiroux
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.,Centre de Recherche et de Développement de St-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Canada
| | - Jacques Brodeur
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Buckley LB, Huey RB. How Extreme Temperatures Impact Organisms and the Evolution of their Thermal Tolerance. Integr Comp Biol 2016; 56:98-109. [PMID: 27126981 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icw004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023] Open
Abstract
SynopsisUnderstanding the biological impacts of extreme temperatures requires translating meteorological estimates into organismal responses, but that translation is complex. In general, the physiological stress induced by a given thermal extreme should increase with the extreme's magnitude and duration, though acclimation may buffer that stress. However, organisms can differ strikingly in their exposure to and tolerance of a given extreme temperatures. Moreover, their sensitivity to extremes can vary during ontogeny, across seasons, and among species; and that sensitivity and its variation should be subject to selection. We use a simple quantitative genetic model and demonstrate that thermal extremes-even when at low frequency-can substantially influence the evolution of thermal sensitivity, particularly when the extremes cause mortality or persistent physiological injury, or when organisms are unable to use behavior to buffer exposure to extremes. Thermal extremes can drive organisms in temperate and tropical sites to have similar thermal tolerances despite major differences in mean temperatures. Indeed, the model correctly predicts that Australian Drosophila should have shallower latitudinal gradients in thermal tolerance than would be expected based only on gradients in mean conditions. Predicting responses to climate change requires understanding not only how past selection to tolerate thermal extremes has helped establish existing geographic gradients in thermal tolerances, but also how increasing the incidence of thermal extremes will alter geographic gradients in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren B Buckley
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 981951800, USA
| | - Raymond B Huey
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 981951800, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Gibert P, Hill M, Pascual M, Plantamp C, Terblanche JS, Yassin A, Sgrò CM. Drosophila as models to understand the adaptive process during invasion. Biol Invasions 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-016-1087-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
23
|
Zhu W, Zhang H, Li X, Meng Q, Shu R, Wang M, Zhou G, Wang H, Miao L, Zhang J, Qin Q. Cold adaptation mechanisms in the ghost moth Hepialus xiaojinensis: Metabolic regulation and thermal compensation. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 85:76-85. [PMID: 26585102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ghost moths (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae) are cold-adapted stenothermal species inhabiting alpine meadows on the Tibetan Plateau. They have an optimal developmental temperature of 12-16 °C but can maintain feeding and growth at 0 °C. Their survival strategies have received little attention, but these insects are a promising model for environmental adaptation. Here, biochemical adaptations and energy metabolism in response to cold were investigated in larvae of the ghost moth Hepialus xiaojinensis. Metabolic rate and respiratory quotient decreased dramatically with decreasing temperature (15-4 °C), suggesting that the energy metabolism of ghost moths, especially glycometabolism, was sensitive to cold. However, the metabolic rate at 4 °C increased with the duration of cold exposure, indicating thermal compensation to sustain energy budgets under cold conditions. Underlying regulation strategies were studied by analyzing metabolic differences between cold-acclimated (4 °C for 48 h) and control larvae (15 °C). In cold-acclimated larvae, the energy generating pathways of carbohydrates, instead of the overall consumption of carbohydrates, was compensated in the fat body by improving the transcription of related enzymes. The mobilization of lipids was also promoted, with higher diacylglycerol, monoacylglycerol and free fatty acid content in hemolymph. These results indicated that cold acclimation induced a reorganization on metabolic structure to prioritise energy metabolism. Within the aerobic process, flux throughout the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle was encouraged in the fat body, and the activity of α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase was the likely compensation target. Increased mitochondrial cristae density was observed in the midgut of cold-acclimated larvae. The thermal compensation strategies in this ghost moth span the entire process of energy metabolism, including degration of metabolic substrate, TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, and from an energy budget perspective explains how ghost moths sustain physiological activity in cold environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qian Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Ruihao Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Menglong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Guiling Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hongtuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lin Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jihong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Qilian Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
van Heerwaarden B, Malmberg M, Sgrò CM. Increases in the evolutionary potential of upper thermal limits under warmer temperatures in two rainforestDrosophilaspecies. Evolution 2016; 70:456-64. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.12843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michelle Malmberg
- School of Biological Sciences; Monash University; Clayton 3800 Melbourne Australia
- Department of Applied Systems Biology; La Trobe University; Bundoora 3083 Melbourne Australia
| | - Carla M. Sgrò
- School of Biological Sciences; Monash University; Clayton 3800 Melbourne Australia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Fragata I, Lopes-Cunha M, Bárbaro M, Kellen B, Lima M, Faria GS, Seabra SG, Santos M, Simões P, Matos M. Keeping your options open: Maintenance of thermal plasticity during adaptation to a stable environment. Evolution 2015; 70:195-206. [PMID: 26626438 DOI: 10.1111/evo.12828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity may allow species to cope with environmental variation. The study of thermal plasticity and its evolution helps understanding how populations respond to variation in temperature. In the context of climate change, it is essential to realize the impact of historical differences in the ability of populations to exhibit a plastic response to thermal variation and how it evolves during colonization of new environments. We have analyzed the real-time evolution of thermal reaction norms of adult and juvenile traits in Drosophila subobscura populations from three locations of Europe in the laboratory. These populations were kept at a constant temperature of 18ºC, and were periodically assayed at three experimental temperatures (13ºC, 18ºC, and 23ºC). We found initial differentiation between populations in thermal plasticity as well as evolutionary convergence in the shape of reaction norms for some adult traits, but not for any of the juvenile traits. Contrary to theoretical expectations, an overall better performance of high latitude populations across temperatures in early generations was observed. Our study shows that the evolution of thermal plasticity is trait specific, and that a new stable environment did not limit the ability of populations to cope with environmental challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inês Fragata
- cE3c-Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Miguel Lopes-Cunha
- cE3c-Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Margarida Bárbaro
- cE3c-Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Kellen
- cE3c-Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Margarida Lima
- cE3c-Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo S Faria
- cE3c-Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sofia G Seabra
- cE3c-Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mauro Santos
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Grup de Genòmica, Bioinformàtica i Biologia Evolutiva (GGBE), Universitat Autonòma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Simões
- cE3c-Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Margarida Matos
- cE3c-Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Maysov A. Chill coma temperatures appear similar along a latitudinal gradient, in contrast to divergent chill coma recovery times, in two widespread ant species. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 217:2650-8. [PMID: 25079891 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.096958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Populations of widely distributed ectotherms demonstrate different cold resistance corresponding to the local climate. However, efficiently thermoregulating ectotherms could avoid divergence in cold resistance. Two species of ants, previously shown to even out latitudinal differences of mean summer temperatures in their nests, were used to test this hypothesis by comparing the temperature dependence of cold resistance in three distant populations (from 50°, 60° and 67°N). The species differ in habitat preferences, one (Myrmica rubra) being less stenotopic than the other (M. ruginodis). Therefore, three different predictions were made about their cold resistance: along the latitudinal gradient, it might be similar within the two species (because of thermoregulation within nests/habitats) or similar only in M. rubra (as a result of thermoregulation among habitats), or divergent at least in M. rubra (no effect of thermoregulation). Among populations of both species, neither differences nor latitudinal trends in chill coma temperature were statistically significant after 11 months of standard conditions, with or without cold hardening. In contrast, recovery time significantly differed among populations in both species, although its latitudinal trends were strongly curvilinear: in M. rubra, the intermediate population tended towards the slowest recovery, and in M. ruginodis, it tended towards the fastest. After 22 months, the patterns remained the same, except that M. ruginodis showed a significant linear latitudinal trend in chill coma temperature (with no significant populational differences). Hence, thermoregulation, both within and among habitats, apparently does keep chill coma temperatures similar. Recovery rate demonstrates divergence, but its curvilinear trends suggest a connection with climates experienced by ancestral populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Maysov
- Department of Entomology, Biology and Soil Science Faculty, St Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya emb. 7/9, St Petersburg 199034, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Castañeda LE, Rezende EL, Santos M. Heat tolerance in Drosophila subobscura along a latitudinal gradient: Contrasting patterns between plastic and genetic responses. Evolution 2015; 69:2721-34. [PMID: 26292981 DOI: 10.1111/evo.12757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Susceptibility to global warming relies on how thermal tolerances respond to increasing temperatures through plasticity or evolution. Climatic adaptation can be assessed by examining the geographic variation in thermal-related traits. We studied latitudinal patterns in heat tolerance in Drosophila subobscura reared at two temperatures. We used four static stressful temperatures to estimate the thermal death time (TDT) curves, and two ramping assays with fast and slow heating rates. Thermal death time curves allow estimation of the critical thermal maximum (CT(max)), by extrapolating to the temperature that would knock down the flies almost "instantaneously," and the thermal sensitivity to increasing stressful temperatures. We found a positive latitudinal cline for CT(max), but no clinal pattern for knockdown temperatures estimated from the ramping assays. Although high-latitude populations were more tolerant to an acute heat stress, they were also more sensitive to prolonged exposure to less stressful temperatures, supporting a trade-off between acute and chronic heat tolerances. Conversely, developmental plasticity did not affect CT(max) but increased the tolerance to chronic heat exposition. The patterns observed from the TDT curves help to understand why the relationship between heat tolerance and latitude depends on the methodology used and, therefore, these curves provide a more complete and reliable measurement of heat tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis E Castañeda
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB-Chile), Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile. .,Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Universidad Austral de Chile, PO 5090000, Valdivia, Chile.
| | - Enrico L Rezende
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Roehampton, Holybourne Avenue, London, SW15 4JD, United Kingdom
| | - Mauro Santos
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Grup de Genòmica, Bioinformàtica i Biologia Evolutiva (GGBE), Universitat Autonòma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
High diversity stabilizes the thermal resilience of pollinator communities in intensively managed grasslands. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7989. [PMID: 26258282 PMCID: PMC4918356 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The resilience of ecosystems depends on the diversity of species and their specific responses to environmental variation. Here we show that the diversity of climatic responses across species contributes to a higher projected resilience of species-rich pollinator communities in real-world ecosystems despite land-use intensification. We determined the thermal niche of 511 pollinator species (flies, bees, beetles and butterflies) in 40 grasslands. Species in intensively used grasslands have broader thermal niches and are also more complementary in their thermal optima. The observed increase in thermal resilience with land-use intensification is mainly driven by the dominant flies that prefer cooler temperatures and compensate for losses of other taxa. Temperature explained 84% of the variation in pollinator activity across species and sites. Given the key role of temperature, quantifying the diversity of thermal responses within functional groups is a promising approach to assess the vulnerability of ecosystems to land-use intensification and climate change. How variation in species responses to climate may influence the resilience of ecological communities to environmental change is not fully understood. Here, the authors characterize the thermal niches of insect pollinator communities and show that resilience increases along a gradient of land-use intensity.
Collapse
|
29
|
Tepolt CK, Palumbi SR. Transcriptome sequencing reveals both neutral and adaptive genome dynamics in a marine invader. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:4145-58. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. K. Tepolt
- Hopkins Marine Station of Stanford University; 120 Ocean View Boulevard Pacific Grove CA 93950 USA
| | - S. R. Palumbi
- Hopkins Marine Station of Stanford University; 120 Ocean View Boulevard Pacific Grove CA 93950 USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Pratdesaba R, Segarra C, Aguadé M. Inferring the demographic history of Drosophila subobscura from nucleotide variation at regions not affected by chromosomal inversions. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:1729-41. [PMID: 25776124 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Drosophila subobscura presents a rich and complex chromosomal inversion polymorphism. It can thus be considered a model system (i) to study the mechanisms originating inversions and how inversions affect the levels and patterns of variation in the inverted regions and (ii) to study adaptation at both the single-gene and chromosomal inversion levels. It is therefore important to infer its demographic history as previous information indicated that its nucleotide variation is not at mutation-drift equilibrium. For that purpose, we sequenced 16 noncoding regions distributed across those parts of the J chromosome not affected by inversions in the studied population and possibly either by other selective events. The pattern of variation detected in these 16 regions is similar to that previously reported within different chromosomal arrangements, suggesting that the latter results would, thus, mainly reflect recent demographic events rather than the partial selective sweep imposed by the origin and frequency increase of inversions. Among the simple demographic models considered in our Approximate Bayesian Computation analysis of variation at the 16 regions, the model best supported by the data implies a population size expansion soon after the penultimate glacial period. This model constitutes a better null model, and it is therefore an important resource for subsequent studies aiming among others to uncover selective events across the species genome. Our results also highlight the importance of introducing the possibility of multiple hits in the coalescent simulations with an outgroup.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roser Pratdesaba
- Departament de Genètica, Facultat de Biologia and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kristensen TN, Overgaard J, Lassen J, Hoffmann AA, Sgrò C. Low evolutionary potential for egg-to-adult viability inDrosophila melanogasterat high temperatures. Evolution 2015; 69:803-14. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.12617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Torsten N. Kristensen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Section of Biology and Environmental Science; Aalborg University; Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H DK-9220 Aalborg East Denmark
| | - Johannes Overgaard
- Department of Bioscience; Aarhus University; C.F. Møllers Allé 3, Building 1131 DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Jan Lassen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; Aarhus University; Blichers Allé 20 DK-8830 Tjele Denmark
| | - Ary A. Hoffmann
- Department of Zoology; Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne; 30 Flemington Road Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
- Department of Genetics; Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne; 30 Flemington Road Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
| | - Carla Sgrò
- School of Biological Sciences; Monash University; Melbourne Victoria 3800 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Buckley LB, Ehrenberger JC, Angilletta MJ. Thermoregulatory behaviour limits local adaptation of thermal niches and confers sensitivity to climate change. Funct Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
33
|
Kjærsgaard A, Blanckenhorn WU, Pertoldi C, Loeschcke V, Kaufmann C, Hald B, Pagès N, Bahrndorff S. Plasticity in behavioural responses and resistance to temperature stress in Musca domestica. Anim Behav 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
34
|
van Heerwaarden B, Lee RFH, Overgaard J, Sgrò CM. No patterns in thermal plasticity along a latitudinal gradient in Drosophila simulans from eastern Australia. J Evol Biol 2014; 27:2541-53. [PMID: 25262984 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity may be an important initial mechanism to counter environmental change, yet we know relatively little about the evolution of plasticity in nature. Species with widespread distributions are expected to have evolved higher levels of plasticity compared with those with more restricted, tropical distributions. At the intraspecific level, temperate populations are expected to have evolved higher levels of plasticity than their tropical counterparts. However, empirical support for these expectations is limited. In addition, no studies have comprehensively examined the evolution of thermal plasticity across life stages. Using populations of Drosophila simulans collected from a latitudinal cline spanning the entire east coast of Australia, we assessed thermal plasticity, measured as hardening capacity (the difference between basal and hardened thermal tolerance) for multiple measures of heat and cold tolerance across both adult and larval stages of development. This allowed us to explicitly ask whether the evolution of thermal plasticity is favoured in more variable, temperate environments. We found no relationship between thermal plasticity and latitude, providing little support for the hypothesis that temperate populations have evolved higher levels of thermal plasticity than their tropical counterparts. With the exception of adult heat survival, we also found no association between plasticity and ten climatic variables, indicating that the evolution of thermal plasticity is not easily predicted by the type of environment that a particular population occupies. We discuss these results in the context of the role of plasticity in a warming climate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B van Heerwaarden
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
Accurate forecasts of biological invasions are crucial for managing invasion risk but are hampered by niche shifts resulting from evolved environmental tolerances (fundamental niche shifts) or the presence of novel biotic and abiotic conditions in the invaded range (realized niche shifts). Distinguishing between these kinds of niche shifts is impossible with traditional, correlative approaches to invasion forecasts, which exclusively consider the realized niche. Here we overcome this challenge by combining a physiologically mechanistic model of the fundamental niche with correlative models based on the realized niche to study the global invasion of the cane toad Rhinella marina. We find strong evidence that the success of R. marina in Australia reflects a shift in the species' realized niche, as opposed to evolutionary shifts in range-limiting traits. Our results demonstrate that R. marina does not fill its fundamental niche in its native South American range and that areas of niche unfilling coincide with the presence of a closely related species with which R. marina hybridizes. Conversely, in Australia, where coevolved taxa are absent, R. marina largely fills its fundamental niche in areas behind the invasion front. The general approach taken here of contrasting fundamental and realized niche models provides key insights into the role of biotic interactions in shaping range limits and can inform effective management strategies not only for invasive species but also for assisted colonization under climate change.
Collapse
|
36
|
Overgaard J, Kearney MR, Hoffmann AA. Sensitivity to thermal extremes in Australian Drosophila implies similar impacts of climate change on the distribution of widespread and tropical species. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2014; 20:1738-1750. [PMID: 24549716 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Climatic factors influence the distribution of ectotherms, raising the possibility that distributions of many species will shift rapidly under climate change and/or that species will become locally extinct. Recent studies have compared performance curves of species from different climate zones and suggested that tropical species may be more susceptible to climate change than those from temperate environments. However, in other comparisons involving responses to thermal extremes it has been suggested that mid-latitude populations are more susceptible. Using a group of 10 closely related Drosophila species with known tropical or widespread distribution, we undertake a detailed investigation of their growth performance curves and their tolerance to thermal extremes. Thermal sensitivity of life history traits (fecundity, developmental success, and developmental time) and adult heat resistance were similar in tropical and widespread species groups, while widespread species had higher adult cold tolerance under all acclimation regimes. Laboratory measurements of either population growth capacity or acute tolerance to heat and cold extremes were compared to daily air temperature under current (2002-2007) and future (2100) conditions to investigate if these traits could explain current distributions and, therefore, also forecast future effects of climate change. Life history traits examining the thermal sensitivity of population growth proved to be a poor predictor of current species distributions. In contrast, we validate that adult tolerance to thermal extremes provides a good correlate of current distributions. Thus, in their current distribution range, most of the examined species experience heat exposure close to, but rarely above, the functional heat resistance limit. Similarly, adult functional cold resistance proved a good predictor of species distribution in cooler climates. When using the species' functional tolerance limits under a global warming scenario, we find that both tropical and widespread Drosophila species will face a similar proportional reduction in distribution range under future warming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Overgaard
- Zoophysiology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Building 1131, Aarhus, DK-8000, Denmark; Department of Zoology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Blackburn S, Kellmermann V, van Heerwaarden B, Sgrò CM. Evolutionary capacity of upper thermal limits: beyond single trait assessments. J Exp Biol 2014; 217:1918-24. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.099184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Thermal tolerance is an important factor influencing the distribution of ectotherms, but we still have limited understanding of the ability of species to evolve different thermal limits. Recent studies suggest that species may have limited capaity to evolve higher themal limits in response to slower, more ecologically relevant rates of warming. However these conclusions are based on univarite estimates of adaptive capacity. To test these findings within an explicitly multivariate context, we used a paternal half-sibling breeding design to estimate the multivariate evolutionary potential for upper thermal limits in Drosophila melanogaster. We assessed heat tolerance using static (basal and hardened) and ramping assays. Additive genetic variances were significantly different from zero only for the static measures of heat tolerance. Our G matrix analysis revealed that any response to selection for increased heat tolerance will largely be driven by static basal and hardened heat tolerance, with minimal contribution from ramping heat tolerance. These results suggest that the capacity to evolve upper thermal limits in nature may depend on the type of thermal stress experienced.
Collapse
|
38
|
Klepsatel P, Gáliková M, De Maio N, Huber CD, Schlötterer C, Flatt T. VARIATION IN THERMAL PERFORMANCE AND REACTION NORMS AMONG POPULATIONS OFDROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER. Evolution 2013; 67:3573-87. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.12221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Klepsatel
- Institut für Populationsgenetik; Vetmeduni Vienna; Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna Austria
| | - Martina Gáliková
- Institut für Populationsgenetik; Vetmeduni Vienna; Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna Austria
| | - Nicola De Maio
- Institut für Populationsgenetik; Vetmeduni Vienna; Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna Austria
| | - Christian D. Huber
- Institut für Populationsgenetik; Vetmeduni Vienna; Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna Austria
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories; University of Vienna; Campus Vienna Biocenter 5, Dr. Bohr Gasse 9, A-1030 Vienna Austria
| | - Christian Schlötterer
- Institut für Populationsgenetik; Vetmeduni Vienna; Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna Austria
| | - Thomas Flatt
- Institut für Populationsgenetik; Vetmeduni Vienna; Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna Austria
- Current address: Department of Ecology and Evolution; University of Lausanne; UNIL Sorge, Biophore CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Castañeda LE, Balanyà J, Rezende EL, Santos M. Vanishing chromosomal inversion clines in Drosophila subobscura from Chile: is behavioral thermoregulation to blame? Am Nat 2013; 182:249-59. [PMID: 23852358 DOI: 10.1086/671057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Chromosomal inversion clines paralleling the long-standing ones in native Palearctic populations of Drosophila subobscura evolved swiftly after this species invaded the Americas in the late 1970s and early 1980s. However, the new clines did not consistently continue to converge on the Old World baseline. Our recent survey of Chilean populations of D. subobscura shows that inversion clines have faded or even changed sign with latitude. Here, we investigate the hypothesis that this fading of inversion clines might be due to the Bogert effect, namely, that flies' thermoregulatory behavior has eventually compensated for environmental variation in temperature, thus buffering selection on thermal-related traits. We show that latitudinal divergence in thermal preference (Tp) has evolved in Chile for females, with higher-latitude flies having a lower mean Tp. Plastic responses in Tp also lessen latitudinal thermal variation because flies developed at colder temperatures prefer warmer microclimates. Our results are consistent with the idea that active behavioral thermoregulation might buffer environmental variation and reduce the potential effect of thermal selection on other traits as chromosomal arrangements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis E Castañeda
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Grup de Biologia Evolutiva (GBE), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
van Heerwaarden B, Sgrò CM. Multivariate analysis of adaptive capacity for upper thermal limits in Drosophila simulans. J Evol Biol 2013; 26:800-9. [PMID: 23517493 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Thermal tolerance is an important factor influencing the distribution of ectotherms, but our understanding of the ability of species to evolve different thermal limits is limited. Based on univariate measures of adaptive capacity, it has recently been suggested that species may have limited evolutionary potential to extend their upper thermal limits under ramping temperature conditions that better reflect heat stress in nature. To test these findings more broadly, we used a paternal half-sibling breeding design to estimate the multivariate evolutionary potential for upper thermal limits in Drosophila simulans. We assessed heat tolerance using static (basal and hardened) and ramping assays. Our analyses revealed significant evolutionary potential for all three measures of heat tolerance. Additive genetic variances were significantly different from zero for all three traits. Our G matrix analysis revealed that all three traits would contribute to a response to selection for increased heat tolerance. Significant additive genetic covariances and additive genetic correlations between static basal and hardened heat-knockdown time, marginally nonsignificant between static basal and ramping heat-knockdown time, indicate that direct and correlated responses to selection for increased upper thermal limits are possible. Thus, combinations of all three traits will contribute to the evolution of upper thermal limits in response to selection imposed by a warming climate. Reliance on univariate estimates of evolutionary potential may not provide accurate insight into the ability of organisms to evolve upper thermal limits in nature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B van Heerwaarden
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Rader R, Edwards W, Westcott DA, Cunningham SA, Howlett BG. Diurnal effectiveness of pollination by bees and flies in agricultural Brassica rapa: Implications for ecosystem resilience. Basic Appl Ecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2012.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
42
|
Chidawanyika F, Mudavanhu P, Nyamukondiwa C. Biologically Based Methods for Pest Management in Agriculture under Changing Climates: Challenges and Future Directions. INSECTS 2012; 3:1171-89. [PMID: 26466733 PMCID: PMC4553570 DOI: 10.3390/insects3041171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The current changes in global climatic regimes present a significant societal challenge, affecting in all likelihood insect physiology, biochemistry, biogeography and population dynamics. With the increasing resistance of many insect pest species to chemical insecticides and an increasing organic food market, pest control strategies are slowly shifting towards more sustainable, ecologically sound and economically viable options. Biologically based pest management strategies present such opportunities through predation or parasitism of pests and plant direct or indirect defense mechanisms that can all be important components of sustainable integrated pest management programs. Inevitably, the efficacy of biological control systems is highly dependent on natural enemy-prey interactions, which will likely be modified by changing climates. Therefore, knowledge of how insect pests and their natural enemies respond to climate variation is of fundamental importance in understanding biological insect pest management under global climate change. Here, we discuss biological control, its challenges under climate change scenarios and how increased global temperatures will require adaptive management strategies to cope with changing status of insects and their natural enemies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Chidawanyika
- Global Change and Sustainability Research Institute, School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Pride Mudavanhu
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
| | - Casper Nyamukondiwa
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Botswana International University of Science and Technology (BIUST). Private Bag BO 041 Bontleng, Gaborone, Botswana.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Sinclair BJ, Williams CM, Terblanche JS. Variation in Thermal Performance among Insect Populations. Physiol Biochem Zool 2012; 85:594-606. [DOI: 10.1086/665388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
44
|
Foray V, Desouhant E, Voituron Y, Larvor V, Renault D, Colinet H, Gibert P. Does cold tolerance plasticity correlate with the thermal environment and metabolic profiles of a parasitoid wasp? Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2012; 164:77-83. [PMID: 23089655 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2012.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Tolerance of ectotherm species to cold stress is highly plastic according to thermal conditions experienced prior to cold stress. In this study, we investigated how cold tolerance varies with developmental temperature (at 17, 25 and 30°C) and whether developmental temperature induces different metabolic profiles. Experiments were conducted on the two populations of the parasitoid wasp, Venturia canescens, undergoing contrasting thermal regimes in their respective preferential habitat (thermally variable vs. buffered). We predicted the following: i) development at low temperatures improves the cold tolerance of parasitoid wasps, ii) the shape of the cold tolerance reaction norm differs between the two populations, and iii) these phenotypic variations are correlated with their metabolic profiles. Our results showed that habitat origin and developmental acclimation interact to determine cold tolerance and metabolic profiles of the parasitoid wasps. Cold tolerance was promoted when developmental temperatures declined and population originating from variable habitat presented a higher cold tolerance. Cold tolerance increases through the accumulation of metabolites with an assumed cryoprotective function and the depression of metabolites involved in energy metabolism. Our data provide an original example of how intraspecific cold acclimation variations correlate with metabolic response to developmental temperature.
Collapse
|
45
|
Upper thermal limits of Drosophila are linked to species distributions and strongly constrained phylogenetically. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:16228-33. [PMID: 22988106 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1207553109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Upper thermal limits vary less than lower limits among related species of terrestrial ectotherms. This pattern may reflect weak or uniform selection on upper limits, or alternatively tight evolutionary constraints. We investigated this issue in 94 Drosophila species from diverse climates and reared in a common environment to control for plastic effects that may confound species comparisons. We found substantial variation in upper thermal limits among species, negatively correlated with annual precipitation at the central point of their distribution and also with the interaction between precipitation and maximum temperature, showing that heat resistance is an important determinant of Drosophila species distributions. Species from hot and relatively dry regions had higher resistance, whereas resistance was uncorrelated with temperature in wetter regions. Using a suite of analyses we showed that phylogenetic signal in heat resistance reflects phylogenetic inertia rather than common selection pressures. Current species distributions are therefore more likely to reflect environmental sorting of lineages rather than local adaptation. Similar to previous studies, thermal safety margins were small at low latitudes, with safety margins smallest for species occupying both humid and dry tropical environments. Thus, species from a range of environments are likely to be at risk owing to climate change. Together these findings suggest that this group of insects is unlikely to buffer global change effects through marked evolutionary changes, highlighting the importance of facilitating range shifts for maintaining biodiversity.
Collapse
|
46
|
Calabria G, Dolgova O, Rego C, Castañeda LE, Rezende EL, Balanyà J, Pascual M, Sørensen JG, Loeschcke V, Santos M. Hsp70 protein levels and thermotolerance in Drosophila subobscura: a reassessment of the thermal co-adaptation hypothesis. J Evol Biol 2012; 25:691-700. [PMID: 22300519 DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2012.02463.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Theory predicts that geographic variation in traits and genes associated with climatic adaptation may be initially driven by the correlated evolution of thermal preference and thermal sensitivity. This assumes that an organism's preferred body temperature corresponds with the thermal optimum in which performance is maximized; hence, shifts in thermal preferences affect the subsequent evolution of thermal-related traits. Drosophila subobscura evolved worldwide latitudinal clines in several traits including chromosome inversion frequencies, with some polymorphic inversions being apparently associated with thermal preference and thermal tolerance. Here we show that flies carrying the warm-climate chromosome arrangement O(3+4) have higher basal protein levels of Hsp70 than their cold-climate O(st) counterparts, but this difference disappears after heat hardening. O(3+4) carriers are also more heat tolerant, although it is difficult to conclude from our results that this is causally linked to their higher basal levels of Hsp70. The observed patterns are consistent with the thermal co-adaptation hypothesis and suggest that the interplay between behaviour and physiology underlies latitudinal and seasonal shifts in inversion frequencies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Calabria
- Departament de Genètica, Grup de Biologia Evolutiva/Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Chidawanyika F, Terblanche JS. Rapid thermal responses and thermal tolerance in adult codling moth Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 57:108-117. [PMID: 20933517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2010.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Revised: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In order to preserve key activities or improve survival, insects facing variable and unfavourable thermal environments may employ physiological adjustments on a daily basis. Here, we investigate the survival of laboratory-reared adult Cydia pomonella at high or low temperatures and their responses to pre-treatments at sub-lethal temperatures over short time-scales. We also determined critical thermal limits (CTLs) of activity of C. pomonella and the effect of different rates of cooling or heating on CTLs to complement the survival assays. Temperature and duration of exposure significantly affected adult C. pomonella survival with more extreme temperatures and/or longer durations proving to be more lethal. Lethal temperatures, explored between -20 °C to -5 °C and 32 °C to 47 °C over 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 4h exposures, for 50% of the population of adult C. pomonella were -12 °C for 2h and 44 °C for 2h. Investigation of rapid thermal responses (i.e. hardening) found limited low temperature responses but more pronounced high temperature responses. For example, C. pomonella pre-treated for 2h at 5 °C improved survival at -9 °C for 2h from 50% to 90% (p<0.001). At high temperatures, pre-treatment at 37 °C for 1h markedly improved survival at 43°C for 2h from 20% to 90% (p<0.0001). We also examined cross-tolerance of thermal stressors. Here, low temperature pre-treatments did not improve high temperature survival, while high temperature pre-treatment (37°C for 1h) significantly improved low temperature survival (-9 °C for 2h). Inducible cross-tolerance implicates a heat shock protein response. Critical thermal minima (CT min) were not significantly affected by cooling at rates of 0.06, 0.12 and 0.25 °C min(-1) (CT min range: 0.3-1.3 °C). By contrast, critical thermal maxima (CTmax) were significantly affected by heating at these rates and ranged from 42.5 to 44.9 °C. In sum, these results suggest pronounced plasticity of acute high temperature tolerance in adult C. pomonella, but limited acute low temperature responses. We discuss these results in the context of local agroecosystem microclimate recordings. These responses are significant to pest control programmes presently underway and have implications for understanding the evolution of thermal tolerance in these and other insects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Chidawanyika
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Dolgova O, Rego C, Calabria G, Balanyà J, Pascual M, Rezende EL, Santos M. Genetic constraints for thermal coadaptation in Drosophila subobscura. BMC Evol Biol 2010; 10:363. [PMID: 21108788 PMCID: PMC3003277 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-10-363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2010] [Accepted: 11/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Behaviour has been traditionally viewed as a driver of subsequent evolution because behavioural adjustments expose organisms to novel environments, which may result in a correlated evolution on other traits. In Drosophila subobscura, thermal preference and heat tolerance are linked to chromosomal inversion polymorphisms that show parallel latitudinal clines worldwide, such that "cold-climate" ("warm-climate") chromosome arrangements collectively favour a coherent response to colder (warmer) settings as flies carrying them prefer colder (warmer) conditions and have lower (higher) knock out temperatures. Yet, it is not clear whether a genetic correlation between thermal preference and heat tolerance can partially underlie such response. Results We have analyzed the genetic basis of thermal preference and heat tolerance using isochromosomal lines in D. subobscura. Chromosome arrangements on the O chromosome were known to have a biometrical effect on thermal preference in a laboratory temperature gradient, and also harbour several genes involved in the heat shock response; in particular, the genes Hsp68 and Hsp70. Our results corroborate that arrangements on chromosome O affect adult thermal preference in a laboratory temperature gradient, with cold-climate Ost carriers displaying a lower thermal preference than their warm-climate O3+4 and O3+4+8 counterparts. However, these chromosome arrangements did not have any effect on adult heat tolerance and, hence, we putatively discard a genetic covariance between both traits arising from linkage disequilibrium between genes affecting thermal preference and candidate genes for heat shock resistance. Nonetheless, a possible association of juvenile thermal preference and heat resistance warrants further analysis. Conclusions Thermal preference and heat tolerance in the isochromosomal lines of D. subobscura appear to be genetically independent, which might potentially prevent a coherent response of behaviour and physiology (i.e., coadaptation) to thermal selection. If this pattern is general to all chromosomes, then any correlation between thermal preference and heat resistance across latitudinal gradients would likely reflect a pattern of correlated selection rather than genetic correlation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Dolgova
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Grup de Biologia Evolutiva (GBE), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Rezende EL, Tejedo M, Santos M. Estimating the adaptive potential of critical thermal limits: methodological problems and evolutionary implications. Funct Ecol 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2010.01778.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Enrico L. Rezende
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Grup de Biologia Evolutiva (GBE), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Miguel Tejedo
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana‐CSIC, Avda. Américo Vespucio s/n, E‐41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Mauro Santos
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Grup de Biologia Evolutiva (GBE), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
COOPER BS, CZARNOLESKI M, ANGILLETTA MJ. Acclimation of thermal physiology in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster : a test of an optimality model. J Evol Biol 2010; 23:2346-55. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2010.02095.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|