1
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McIntosh AR, Greig HS, Warburton HJ, Tonkin JD, Febria CM. Ecosystem-size relationships of river populations and communities. Trends Ecol Evol 2024; 39:571-584. [PMID: 38388323 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Knowledge of ecosystem-size influences on river populations and communities is integral to the balancing of human and environmental needs for water. The multiple dimensions of dendritic river networks complicate understanding of ecosystem-size influences, but could be resolved by the development of scaling relationships. We highlight the importance of physical constraints limiting predator body sizes, movements, and population sizes in small rivers, and where river contraction limits space or creates stressful conditions affecting community stability and food webs. Investigations of the scaling and contingency of these processes will be insightful because of the underlying generality and scale independence of such relationships. Doing so will also pinpoint damaging water-management practices and identify which aspects of river size can be most usefully manipulated in river restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angus R McIntosh
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand.
| | - Hamish S Greig
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA; Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Gothic, CO, USA
| | - Helen J Warburton
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand; New Zealand's Biological Heritage National Science Challenge, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan D Tonkin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand; Te Pūnaha Matatini Centre of Research Excellence, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand; Bioprotection Aotearoa Centre of Research Excellence, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Catherine M Febria
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada; Department of Integrative Biology, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
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2
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Wollheim WM, Harms TK, Robison AL, Koenig LE, Helton AM, Song C, Bowden WB, Finlay JC. Superlinear scaling of riverine biogeochemical function with watershed size. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1230. [PMID: 35264560 PMCID: PMC8907334 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28630-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
River networks regulate carbon and nutrient exchange between continents, atmosphere, and oceans. However, contributions of riverine processing are poorly constrained at continental scales. Scaling relationships of cumulative biogeochemical function with watershed size (allometric scaling) provide an approach for quantifying the contributions of fluvial networks in the Earth system. Here we show that allometric scaling of cumulative riverine function with watershed area ranges from linear to superlinear, with scaling exponents constrained by network shape, hydrological conditions, and biogeochemical process rates. Allometric scaling is superlinear for processes that are largely independent of substrate concentration (e.g., gross primary production) due to superlinear scaling of river network surface area with watershed area. Allometric scaling for typically substrate-limited processes (e.g., denitrification) is linear in river networks with high biogeochemical activity or low river discharge but becomes increasingly superlinear under lower biogeochemical activity or high discharge, conditions that are widely prevalent in river networks. The frequent occurrence of superlinear scaling indicates that biogeochemical activity in large rivers contributes disproportionately to the function of river networks in the Earth system. River networks play an important role in biogeochemical processes of the earth system. Here the authors show that cumulative river network function increases faster than watershed size for many biogeochemical processes, particularly at higher river flow, indicating large rivers contribute disproportionately to network function in the Earth System.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfred M Wollheim
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824, USA.
| | - Tamara K Harms
- Department of Biology and Wildlife and Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, 99775, USA
| | - Andrew L Robison
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824, USA.,Stream Biofilm and Ecosystem Research Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lauren E Koenig
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, and the Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Ashley M Helton
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, and the Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Chao Song
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - William B Bowden
- Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Jacques C Finlay
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
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3
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Uno H, Fukushima K, Kawamura M, Kurasawa A, Sato T. Direct and indirect effects of amphidromous shrimps on nutrient mineralization in streams in Japan. Oecologia 2022; 198:493-505. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05119-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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4
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Marcarelli AM, Fulweiler RW, Scott JT. Nitrogen fixation: a poorly understood process along the freshwater-marine continuum. LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LETTERS 2022; 7:1-10. [PMID: 35531372 PMCID: PMC9075158 DOI: 10.1002/lol2.10220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although N2 fixation is a major component of the global N cycle and has been extensively studied in open-ocean and terrestrial ecosystems, rates and ecological dynamics remain virtually unknown for the inland and coastal aquatic ecosystems (lakes, wetlands, rivers, streams, estuaries) that connect terrestrial and marine biomes. This is due to the diversity of these habitats, as well as the traditional paradigm that N2 fixation rates were low to nonexistent, and therefore not important, in these ecosystems. We identify three major research themes to advance understanding of aquatic N2 fixation: 1) the biological diversity of diazotrophs and variability of N2 fixation rates, 2) the ecological stoichiometry of N2 fixation, and 3) the upscaling of N2 fixation rates from genes to ecosystems. Coordinating research across these areas will advance limnology and oceanography by fully integrating N2 fixation into ecological dynamics of aquatic ecosystems from local to global scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M. Marcarelli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University
| | - Robinson W. Fulweiler
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University
- Department of Biology, Boston University
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5
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Bouma-Gregson K, Crits-Christoph A, Olm MR, Power ME, Banfield JF. Microcoleus (Cyanobacteria) form watershed-wide populations without strong gradients in population structure. Mol Ecol 2021; 31:86-103. [PMID: 34608694 PMCID: PMC9298114 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The relative importance of separation by distance and by environment to population genetic diversity can be conveniently tested in river networks, where these two drivers are often independently distributed over space. To evaluate the importance of dispersal and environmental conditions in shaping microbial population structures, we performed genome‐resolved metagenomic analyses of benthic Microcoleus‐dominated cyanobacterial mats collected in the Eel and Russian River networks (California, USA). The 64 Microcoleus genomes were clustered into three species that shared >96.5% average nucleotide identity (ANI). Most mats were dominated by one strain, but minor alleles within mats were often shared, even over large spatial distances (>300 km). Within the most common Microcoleus species, the ANI between the dominant strains within mats decreased with increasing spatial separation. However, over shorter spatial distances (tens of kilometres), mats from different subwatersheds had lower ANI than mats from the same subwatershed, suggesting that at shorter spatial distances environmental differences between subwatersheds in factors like canopy cover, conductivity, and mean annual temperature decreases ANI. Since mats in smaller creeks had similar levels of nucleotide diversity (π) as mats in larger downstream subwatersheds, within‐mat genetic diversity does not appear to depend on the downstream accumulation of upstream‐derived strains. The four‐gamete test and sequence length bias suggest recombination occurs between almost all strains within each species, even between populations separated by large distances or living in different habitats. Overall, our results show that, despite some isolation by distance and environmental conditions, sufficient gene‐flow occurs among cyanobacterial strains to prevent either driver from producing distinctive population structures across the watershed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Bouma-Gregson
- Office of Information Management and Analysis, State Water Resources Control Board, Sacramento, California, USA.,Earth and Planetary Science Department, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | | | - Mathew R Olm
- Plant and Microbial Ecology Department, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Mary E Power
- Integrative Biology Department, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Jillian F Banfield
- Earth and Planetary Science Department, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.,Plant and Microbial Ecology Department, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.,Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA.,Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, USA
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6
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Casquin A, Gu S, Dupas R, Petitjean P, Gruau G, Durand P. River network alteration of C-N-P dynamics in a mesoscale agricultural catchment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 749:141551. [PMID: 32836126 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The majority of freshwater ecosystems worldwide suffer from eutrophication, particularly because of agriculture-derived nutrient sources. In the European Union, a discrepancy exists between the scale of regulatory assessment and the size of research catchments. The Water Framework Directive sets water quality objectives at the mesoscale (50-500 km2), a scale at which both hillslope and in-stream processes influence carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) dynamics. Conversely, research catchments focus on headwaters to investigate hillslope processes while minimising the influence of river processes on C-N-P dynamics. Because hillslope and river processes have common hydro-climatic drivers, the relative influence of each on C-N-P dynamics is difficult to disentangle at the mesoscale. In the present study, we used repeated synoptic sampling throughout the river network of a 300 km2 intensively farmed catchment, spatial stochastic modelling and mass balance calculations to analyse this mesoscale conundrum. The main objective was to quantify how river processes altered C-N-P hydrochemical dynamics in different flow, concentration and temperature conditions. Our results show that flow was the main control of alterations of C-N-P dynamics in the river network, while temperature and source concentration had little or no influence. The influence of river processes peaked during low flow, with up to 50% of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) production, up to 100% of nitrate (NO3) retention and up to 50% of total phosphorus (TP) retention. Despite high percentages of river processes at low flow, their influence on annual loads was low for NO3 (median of -10%) and DOC (median of +25%) but too variable to draw conclusions for TP. Because of the differing river alteration rates among carbon and nutrients, stoichiometric ratios varied greatly from headwaters to the outlet, especially during the eutrophication-sensitive low-flow season.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sen Gu
- OSUR, Géosciences Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6118, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes, France; Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Rémi Dupas
- INRAE, L'institut Agro, UMR 1069 SAS, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Patrice Petitjean
- OSUR, Géosciences Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6118, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Gérard Gruau
- OSUR, Géosciences Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6118, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Patrick Durand
- INRAE, L'institut Agro, UMR 1069 SAS, 35000 Rennes, France
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7
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Liu Q, Liang Y, Cai WJ, Wang K, Wang J, Yin K. Changing riverine organic C:N ratios along the Pearl River: Implications for estuarine and coastal carbon cycles. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 709:136052. [PMID: 31884266 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the traditional view, riverine organic matter typically has a higher C:N ratio than marine phytoplankton 6.7:1 and has therefore been thought to be a carbon source in estuaries and coastal waters. Thus, a decrease in the riverine organic C:N ratio to <6.7:1 would potentially switch riverine organic matter from a coastal carbon source to sink. However, few studies have paid an attention to such a change. Our field investigation showed that organic C:N ratio was 11.8:1 in the pristine upstream section of a natural reserve, but decreased after the river passed through several urban cities, reaching 5.0:1 in near the Pearl River estuary. Along the river, dissolved inorganic nitrogen, total organic carbon and nitrogen all increased and they were highly negatively correlated with organic C:N ratios. The observation has a great implication that organic matter with a decreased C:N ratio from the Pearl River would potentially switch from a coastal carbon source of 2.8 × 1011 g C/year to a sink of 2.2 × 1011 g C/year. This carbon sink (2.2 × 1011 g C/year) contributes to 56% of the previous estimate of the Pearl River estuarine-coastal net carbon sink. Such a decrease in organic C:N ratio also occurs in some other large rivers, which should be considered in the assessment of global coastal carbon budgets and metabolic balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyu Liu
- School of Marine Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yingtong Liang
- School of Marine Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Wei-Jun Cai
- School of Marine Science and Policy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Kuo Wang
- School of Marine Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Juying Wang
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Kedong Yin
- School of Marine Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China.
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8
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Jankowski KJ, Schindler DE. Watershed geomorphology modifies the sensitivity of aquatic ecosystem metabolism to temperature. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17619. [PMID: 31772340 PMCID: PMC6879538 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53703-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of aquatic carbon cycles by temperature is a significant uncertainty in our understanding of how watersheds will respond to climate change. Aquatic ecosystems transport substantial quantities of carbon to the atmosphere and ocean, yet we have limited understanding of how temperature modifies aquatic ecosystem metabolic processes and contributions to carbon cycles at watershed to global scales. We propose that geomorphology controls the distribution and quality of organic material that forms the metabolic base of aquatic ecosystems, thereby controlling the response of aquatic ecosystem metabolism to temperature across landscapes. Across 23 streams and four years during summer baseflow, we estimated variation in the temperature sensitivity of ecosystem respiration (R) among streams draining watersheds with different geomorphic characteristics across a boreal river basin. We found that geomorphic features imposed strong controls on temperature sensitivity; R in streams draining flat watersheds was up to six times more temperature sensitive than streams draining steeper watersheds. Further, our results show that this association between watershed geomorphology and temperature sensitivity of R was linked to the carbon quality of substrates that changed systematically across the geomorphic gradient. This suggests that geomorphology will control how carbon is transported, stored, and incorporated into river food webs as the climate warms.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Jankowski
- School of Aquatic & Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- US Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, La Crosse, WI, USA.
| | - D E Schindler
- School of Aquatic & Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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9
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Kaylor MJ, White SM, Saunders WC, Warren DR. Relating spatial patterns of stream metabolism to distributions of juveniles salmonids at the river network scale. Ecosphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Kaylor
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon USA
| | - Seth M. White
- Columbia River Inter‐Tribal Fish Commission Portland Oregon USA
| | - W. Carl Saunders
- Department of Watershed Sciences Utah State University Logan Utah USA
| | - Dana R. Warren
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon USA
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon USA
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10
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Bouma-Gregson K, Olm MR, Probst AJ, Anantharaman K, Power ME, Banfield JF. Impacts of microbial assemblage and environmental conditions on the distribution of anatoxin-a producing cyanobacteria within a river network. THE ISME JOURNAL 2019; 13:1618-1634. [PMID: 30809011 PMCID: PMC6776057 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-019-0374-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Blooms of planktonic cyanobacteria have long been of concern in lakes, but more recently, harmful impacts of riverine benthic cyanobacterial mats been recognized. As yet, we know little about how various benthic cyanobacteria are distributed in river networks, or how environmental conditions or other associated microbes in their consortia affect their biosynthetic capacities. We performed metagenomic sequencing for 22 Oscillatoriales-dominated (Cyanobacteria) microbial mats collected across the Eel River network in Northern California and investigated factors associated with anatoxin-a producing cyanobacteria. All microbial communities were dominated by one or two cyanobacterial species, so the key mat metabolisms involve oxygenic photosynthesis and carbon oxidation. Only a few metabolisms fueled the growth of the mat communities, with little evidence for anaerobic metabolic pathways. We genomically defined four cyanobacterial species, all which shared <96% average nucleotide identity with reference Oscillatoriales genomes and are potentially novel species in the genus Microcoleus. One of the Microcoleus species contained the anatoxin-a biosynthesis genes, and we describe the first anatoxin-a gene cluster from the Microcoleus clade within Oscillatoriales. Occurrence of these four Microcoleus species in the watershed was correlated with total dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations, and the species that contains the anatoxin-a gene cluster was found in sites with higher nitrogen concentrations. Microbial assemblages in mat samples with the anatoxin-a gene cluster consistently had a lower abundance of Burkholderiales (Betaproteobacteria) species than did mats without the anatoxin-producing genes. The associations of water nutrient concentrations and certain co-occurring microbes with anatoxin-a producing Microcoleus motivate further exploration for their roles as potential controls on the distributions of toxigenic benthic cyanobacteria in river networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Bouma-Gregson
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Matthew R Olm
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Alexander J Probst
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Group for Aquatic Microbial Ecology, Biofilm Center, Department for Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Karthik Anantharaman
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mary E Power
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jillian F Banfield
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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11
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Smith ZJ, Martin RM, Wei B, Wilhelm SW, Boyer GL. Spatial and Temporal Variation in Paralytic Shellfish Toxin Production by Benthic Microseira (Lyngbya) wollei in a Freshwater New York Lake. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:E44. [PMID: 30650549 PMCID: PMC6356249 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Butterfield Lake is a mesotrophic lake in New York State where residents and pets have experienced unexplained health issues. Microseira wollei (basionym Lyngbya wollei) was found at two of 15 sites in Butterfield Lake and analyzed for microcystins, anatoxins, cylindrospermopsins, and paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins (PSTs). Only PSTs and trace levels of anatoxin-a were detected in these samples. This is the first published report of PSTs within a New York State lake. To evaluate the environmental and temporal drivers leading to the observed toxicity, PST content at the two sites was examined in detail. There were distinct differences in the total PST content, filament nutrient, filament chlorophyll, and relationship to environmental drivers between the sites, as well as distinct differences in the total PST content measured using different analytical techniques. A multivariate model containing site, temperature, and filament chlorophyll explained 85% of the variation in PSTs observed over the growing season. This work emphasizes the importance of proper site selection and choice of analytical technique in the development of monitoring programs to protect lake users from the occurrence of benthic cyanobacteria toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zacharias J Smith
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
| | - Robbie M Martin
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
| | - Bofan Wei
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
| | - Steven W Wilhelm
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
| | - Gregory L Boyer
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
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12
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Bouma-Gregson K, Kudela RM, Power ME. Widespread anatoxin-a detection in benthic cyanobacterial mats throughout a river network. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197669. [PMID: 29775481 PMCID: PMC5959195 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Benthic algae fuel summer food webs in many sunlit rivers, and are hotspots for primary and secondary production and biogeochemical cycling. Concerningly, riverine benthic algal assemblages can become dominated by toxic cyanobacteria, threatening water quality and public health. In the Eel River in Northern California, over a dozen dog deaths have been attributed to cyanotoxin poisonings since 2000. During the summers of 2013–2015, we documented spatial and temporal patterns of cyanotoxin concentrations in the watershed, showing widespread distribution of anatoxin-a in benthic cyanobacterial mats. Solid phase adsorption toxin tracking (SPATT) samplers were deployed weekly to record dissolved microcystin and anatoxin-a levels at 10 sites throughout the watershed, and 187 Anabaena-dominated or Phormidium-dominated cyanobacterial mat samples were collected from 27 locations to measure intracellular anatoxin-a (ATX) and microcystins (MCY). Anatoxin-a levels were higher than microcystin for both SPATT (mean MCY = 0.8 and ATX = 4.8 ng g resin-1 day-1) and cyanobacterial mat samples (mean MCY = 0.074 and ATX = 1.89 μg g-1 DW). Of the benthic mats sampled, 58.9% had detectable anatoxin-a (max = 70.93 μg g-1 DW), while 37.6% had detectable microcystins (max = 2.29 μg g-1 DW). SPATT cyanotoxin levels peaked in mid-summer in warm mainstem reaches of the watershed. This is one of the first documentations of widespread anatoxin-a occurrence in benthic cyanobacterial mats in a North American watershed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Bouma-Gregson
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Raphael M. Kudela
- Ocean Sciences Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Mary E. Power
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
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13
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O'Brien JM, Warburton HJ, Graham SE, Franklin HM, Febria CM, Hogsden KL, Harding JS, McIntosh AR. Leaf litter additions enhance stream metabolism, denitrification, and restoration prospects for agricultural catchments. Ecosphere 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M. O'Brien
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Canterbury; Private Bag 4800 Christchurch 8140 New Zealand
| | - Helen J. Warburton
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Canterbury; Private Bag 4800 Christchurch 8140 New Zealand
| | - S. Elizabeth Graham
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Canterbury; Private Bag 4800 Christchurch 8140 New Zealand
| | - Hannah M. Franklin
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Canterbury; Private Bag 4800 Christchurch 8140 New Zealand
| | - Catherine M. Febria
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Canterbury; Private Bag 4800 Christchurch 8140 New Zealand
| | - Kristy L. Hogsden
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Canterbury; Private Bag 4800 Christchurch 8140 New Zealand
| | - Jon S. Harding
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Canterbury; Private Bag 4800 Christchurch 8140 New Zealand
| | - Angus R. McIntosh
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Canterbury; Private Bag 4800 Christchurch 8140 New Zealand
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14
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Warren DR, Keeton WS, Kiffney PM, Kaylor MJ, Bechtold HA, Magee J. Changing forests—changing streams: riparian forest stand development and ecosystem function in temperate headwaters. Ecosphere 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dana R. Warren
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon 97331 USA
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon 97331 USA
| | - William S. Keeton
- Gund Institute for Ecological Economics, and The Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources University of Vermont Burlington Vermont 05405 USA
| | - Peter M. Kiffney
- Fish Ecology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service NOAA, 2725 Montlake Blvd. East Seattle Washington 98112 USA
| | - Matthew J. Kaylor
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon 97331 USA
| | - Heather A. Bechtold
- Department of Biological Sciences Lock Haven University Lock Haven Pennsylvania 17745 USA
| | - John Magee
- New Hampshire Fish and Game Department Concord New Hampshire 03301 USA
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15
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Warren DR, Collins SM, Purvis EM, Kaylor MJ, Bechtold HA. Spatial Variability in Light Yields Colimitation of Primary Production by Both Light and Nutrients in a Forested Stream Ecosystem. Ecosystems 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-016-0024-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Li Y, Li Y, Wu W. Threshold and resilience management of coupled urbanization and water environmental system in the rapidly changing coastal region. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 208:87-95. [PMID: 26371989 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The concept of thresholds shows important implications for environmental and resource management. Here we derived potential landscape thresholds which indicated abrupt changes in water quality or the dividing points between exceeding and failing to meet national surface water quality standards for a rapidly urbanizing city on the Eastern Coast in China. The analysis of landscape thresholds was based on regression models linking each of the seven water quality variables to each of the six landscape metrics for this coupled land-water system. We found substantial and accelerating urban sprawl at the suburban areas between 2000 and 2008, and detected significant nonlinear relations between water quality and landscape pattern. This research demonstrated that a simple modeling technique could provide insights on environmental thresholds to support more-informed decision making in land use, water environmental and resilience management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangfan Li
- Key Laboratory of Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems (Ministry of Education), College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, 361102 Xiamen, China.
| | - Yi Li
- Deparment of Cartography, GIS and Remote Sensing, Institute of Geography, Georg-August University of Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Coastal Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi Ocean Springs, MS 39564, USA
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17
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Uno H, Power ME. Mainstem-tributary linkages by mayfly migration help sustain salmonids in a warming river network. Ecol Lett 2015; 18:1012-20. [PMID: 26248587 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Animal migrations can link ecosystems across space. We discovered an aquatic insect that migrates between a river mainstem and its tributaries, and provides an important trophic subsidy for tributary predators. A mayfly, Ephemerella maculata, rears in a warm, sunlit productive river mainstem, then migrates as adults to cool, shaded unproductive tributaries where they oviposit and die. This migration tripled insect flux into a tributary for 1 month in summer. A manipulative field experiment showed that this E. maculata subsidy nearly tripled the growth of the young of the year steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the recipient tributary over the summer months, and was more important than terrestrial invertebrate subsidies, which have been considered the primary food source for predators in small, forested creeks. By delivering food subsidies from productive but warming river mainstems to cool but food-limited tributaries, aquatic insect migrations could enhance resilience to cool-water predators in warming river networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Uno
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Mary E Power
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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18
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White T, Brantley S, Banwart S, Chorover J, Dietrich W, Derry L, Lohse K, Anderson S, Aufdendkampe A, Bales R, Kumar P, Richter D, McDowell B. The Role of Critical Zone Observatories in Critical Zone Science. DEVELOPMENTS IN EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63369-9.00002-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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19
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Huryn AD, Benstead JP, Parker SM. Seasonal changes in light availability modify the temperature dependence of ecosystem metabolism in an arctic stream. Ecology 2014. [DOI: 10.1890/13-1963.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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20
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Jankowski K, Schindler DE, Lisi PJ. Temperature sensitivity of community respiration rates in streams is associated with watershed geomorphic features. Ecology 2014. [DOI: 10.1890/14-0608.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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21
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Tsui MTK, Blum JD, Finlay JC, Balogh SJ, Nollet YH, Palen WJ, Power ME. Variation in terrestrial and aquatic sources of methylmercury in stream predators as revealed by stable mercury isotopes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:10128-10135. [PMID: 25105808 DOI: 10.1021/es500517s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is widely distributed in the environment, and its organic form, methylmercury (MeHg), can extensively bioaccumulate and biomagnify in aquatic and terrestrial food webs. Concentrations of MeHg in organisms are highly variable, and the sources in natural food webs are often not well understood. This study examined stable isotope ratios of MeHg (mass-dependent fractionation, as δ(202)HgMeHg; and mass-independent fractionation, as Δ(199)HgMeHg) in benthic invertebrates, juvenile steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), and water striders (Gerris remigis) along a stream productivity gradient, as well as carnivorous terrestrial invertebrates, in a forested watershed at the headwater of South Fork Eel River in northern California. Throughout the sampling sites, δ(202)HgMeHg (after correction due to the effect of MeHg photodegradation) was significantly different between benthic (median = -1.40‰; range, -2.34 to -0.78‰; total number of samples = 29) and terrestrial invertebrates (median = +0.51‰; range, -0.37 to +1.40‰; total number of samples = 9), but no major difference between these two groups was found for Δ(199)HgMeHg. Steelhead trout (52 individual fishes) have MeHg of predominantly aquatic origins, with a few exceptions at the upstream locations (e.g., 1 fish collected in a tributary had a purely terrestrial MeHg source and 4 fishes had mixed aquatic and terrestrial MeHg sources). Water striders (seven pooled samples) derive MeHg largely from terrestrial sources throughout headwater sections. These data suggest that direct terrestrial subsidy (e.g., terrestrial invertebrates falling into water) can be important for some stream predators in headwater streams and could represent an important means of transfer of terrestrially derived MeHg (e.g., in situ methylation within forests, atmospheric sources) to aquatic ecosystems. Moreover, these findings show that terrestrial subsidies can enhance MeHg bioaccumulation of consumers in headwater streams where aqueous MeHg levels are very low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Tsz-Ki Tsui
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro , Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
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22
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Sakamaki T, Richardson JS. Nonlinear variation of stream-forest linkage along a stream-size gradient: an assessment using biogeochemical proxies of in-stream fine particulate organic matter. J Appl Ecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - John S. Richardson
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences; University of British Columbia; Vancouver; BC; V6T 1Z4; Canada
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23
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Munshaw RG, Palen WJ, Courcelles DM, Finlay JC. Predator-driven nutrient recycling in California stream ecosystems. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58542. [PMID: 23520520 PMCID: PMC3592796 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrient recycling by consumers in streams can influence ecosystem nutrient availability and the assemblage and growth of photoautotrophs. Stream fishes can play a large role in nutrient recycling, but contributions by other vertebrates to overall recycling rates remain poorly studied. In tributaries of the Pacific Northwest, coastal giant salamanders (Dicamptodon tenebrosus) occur at high densities alongside steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and are top aquatic predators. We surveyed the density and body size distributions of D. tenebrosus and O. mykiss in a California tributary stream, combined with a field study to determine mass-specific excretion rates of ammonium (N) and total dissolved phosphorus (P) for D. tenebrosus. We estimated O. mykiss excretion rates (N, P) by bioenergetics using field-collected data on the nutrient composition of O. mykiss diets from the same system. Despite lower abundance, D. tenebrosus biomass was 2.5 times higher than O. mykiss. Mass-specific excretion summed over 170 m of stream revealed that O. mykiss recycle 1.7 times more N, and 1.2 times more P than D. tenebrosus, and had a higher N:P ratio (8.7) than that of D. tenebrosus (6.0), or the two species combined (7.5). Through simulated trade-offs in biomass, we estimate that shifts from salamander biomass toward fish biomass have the potential to ease nutrient limitation in forested tributary streams. These results suggest that natural and anthropogenic heterogeneity in the relative abundance of these vertebrates and variation in the uptake rates across river networks can affect broad-scale patterns of nutrient limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin G Munshaw
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.
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24
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Peterson EE, Ver Hoef JM, Isaak DJ, Falke JA, Fortin MJ, Jordan CE, McNyset K, Monestiez P, Ruesch AS, Sengupta A, Som N, Steel EA, Theobald DM, Torgersen CE, Wenger SJ. Modelling dendritic ecological networks in space: an integrated network perspective. Ecol Lett 2013; 16:707-19. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.12084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Revised: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erin E. Peterson
- CSIRO Division of Mathematics; Informatics and Statistics; Dutton Park; QLD; Australia
| | | | - Dan J. Isaak
- USDA Forest Service; Rocky Mountain Research Station; Boise; ID; USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Falke
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife; Oregon State University; Corvallis; OR; USA
| | - Marie-Josée Fortin
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology; University of Toronto; Toronto; ON; Canada
| | - Chris E. Jordan
- NOAA/NMFS/NWFSC Conservation Biology Division; Seattle; WA; USA
| | - Kristina McNyset
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife; Oregon State University; Corvallis; OR; USA
| | - Pascal Monestiez
- Inra, Unité Biostatistique et Processus Spatiaux; Avignon; France
| | - Aaron S. Ruesch
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences; University of Washington; Seattle; WA; USA
| | - Aritra Sengupta
- Department of Statistics; The Ohio State University; Columbus; OH; USA
| | - Nicholas Som
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society; Oregon State University; Corvallis; OR; USA
| | - E. Ashley Steel
- USDA Forest Service; Pacific Northwest Research Station; Seattle; WA; USA
| | - David M. Theobald
- Department of Fish; Wildlife & Conservation Biology; Colorado State University; Fort Collins; CO; USA
| | - Christian E. Torgersen
- U.S. Geological Survey; Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center; Cascadia Field Station; School of Environmental and Forest Sciences; University of Washington; Seattle; WA; USA
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25
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Sponseller RA, Heffernan JB, Fisher SG. On the multiple ecological roles of water in river networks. Ecosphere 2013. [DOI: 10.1890/es12-00225.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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26
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Wootton JT. River food web response to large-scale riparian zone manipulations. PLoS One 2013; 7:e51839. [PMID: 23284786 PMCID: PMC3527445 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Conservation programs often focus on select species, leading to management plans based on the autecology of the focal species, but multiple ecosystem components can be affected both by the environmental factors impacting, and the management targeting, focal species. These broader effects can have indirect impacts on target species through the web of interactions within ecosystems. For example, human activity can strongly alter riparian vegetation, potentially impacting both economically-important salmonids and their associated river food web. In an Olympic Peninsula river, Washington state, USA, replicated large-scale riparian vegetation manipulations implemented with the long-term (>40 yr) goal of improving salmon habitat did not affect water temperature, nutrient limitation or habitat characteristics, but reduced canopy cover, causing reduced energy input via leaf litter, increased incident solar radiation (UV and PAR) and increased algal production compared to controls. In response, benthic algae, most insect taxa, and juvenile salmonids increased in manipulated areas. Stable isotope analysis revealed a predominant contribution of algal-derived energy to salmonid diets in manipulated reaches. The experiment demonstrates that riparian management targeting salmonids strongly affects river food webs via changes in the energy base, illustrates how species-based management strategies can have unanticipated indirect effects on the target species via the associated food web, and supports ecosystem-based management approaches for restoring depleted salmonid stocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Timothy Wootton
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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27
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Wootton JT. Effects of timber harvest on river food webs: physical, chemical and biological responses. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43561. [PMID: 22957030 PMCID: PMC3434149 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
I compared physical, chemical and biological characteristics of nine rivers running through three timber harvest regimes to investigate the effects of land use on river ecosystems, to determine whether these corresponded to changes linked with downstream location, and to compare the response of different types of indicator variables. Physical variables changed with downstream location, but varied little with timber harvest. Most chemical variables increased strongly with timber harvest, but not with downstream location. Most biological variables did not vary systematically with either timber harvest or downstream location. Dissolved organic carbon did not vary with timber harvest or downstream location, but correlated positively with salmonid abundance. Nutrient manipulations revealed no general pattern of nutrient limitation with timber harvest or downstream location. The results suggest that chemical variables most reliably indicate timber harvest impact in these systems. The biological variables most relevant to human stakeholders were surprisingly insensitive to timber harvest, however, apparently because of decoupling from nutrient responses and unexpectedly weak responses by physical variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Timothy Wootton
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.
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28
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Finlay JC. Stream size and human influences on ecosystem production in river networks. Ecosphere 2011. [DOI: 10.1890/es11-00071.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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29
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Dalzell BJ, King JY, Mulla DJ, Finlay JC, Sands GR. Influence of subsurface drainage on quantity and quality of dissolved organic matter export from agricultural landscapes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jg001540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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