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Buranasin P, Kominato H, Mizutani K, Mikami R, Saito N, Takeda K, Iwata T. Influence of Reactive Oxygen Species on Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration in Periodontal and Peri-Implant Tissues in Diabetic Patients. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1787. [PMID: 37760090 PMCID: PMC10525304 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with periodontal disease. Clinically, periodontal treatment is less effective for patients with DM. Oxidative stress is one of the mechanisms that link DM to periodontitis. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is increased in the periodontal tissues of patients with DM and is involved in the development of insulin resistance in periodontal tissues. Insulin resistance decreases Akt activation and inhibits cell proliferation and angiogenesis. This results in the deterioration of wound healing and tissue repair in periodontal tissues. Antioxidants and insulin resistance ameliorants may inhibit ROS production and improve wound healing, which is worsened by DM. This manuscript provides a comprehensive review of the most recent basic and clinical evidence regarding the generation of ROS in periodontal tissues resulting from microbial challenge and DM. This study also delves into the impact of oxidative stress on wound healing in the context of periodontal and dental implant therapies. Furthermore, it discusses the potential benefits of administering antioxidants and anti-insulin resistance medications, which have been shown to counteract ROS production and inflammation. This approach may potentially enhance wound healing, especially in cases exacerbated by hyperglycemic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prima Buranasin
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Hiromi Kominato
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Koji Mizutani
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Risako Mikami
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Natsumi Saito
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Kohei Takeda
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Takanori Iwata
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
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2
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A randomized, double-blind, split-mouth controlled clinical trial of systemically administered Lycopene on periodontal health. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2021; 12:22-26. [PMID: 34745860 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2021.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Purpose This research aimed to compare the effects of systemically prescribed Lycopene as a monotherapy and as an alternative to scaling and root planing in patients with chronic gingivitis. Materials and methods The participants were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups: the experimental group (n = 50), which received 10 mg of Lycopene a day for two weeks, or the control group (n = 50) received a placebo for two weeks. For each category, quadrant distribution was randomized, with two quadrants receiving oral prophylaxis (OP) and two quadrants receiving no care (non-OP). At baseline, 1st, and 2nd weeks, the sulcus bleeding index, plaque index, gingival index, and salivary uric acid level were measured. Results All clinical criteria, including SBI, PI, GI, and salivary uric acid levels, showed a statistically significant decline in all patient types. Both clinical parameters were significantly reduced (p < 0.001) in the OP-lycopene group relative to the non-OP-placebo group and non-OP lycopene group (p < 0.05). The PI value in the OP-lycopene group was statistically significantly lower (p < 0.001) than in the non-OP-placebo group; there was no statistically significant difference in the other groups. Salivary uric acid levels in the OP- and non-OP- lycopene groups were significantly lower (p < 0.001) than in the non-OP-placebo population. Conclusion Based on the findings of this study, Lycopene seems to have a bright future as a treatment option for plaque-induced generalized chronic marginal gingivitis. More research with a broad sample size and multicentre trials is required. Clinical relevance The article reveals the positive relationship between Lycopene and gingivitis. The analysis shows that a combination of systemically administered Lycopene with oral prophylaxis can be a valuable tool in treating chronic gingivitis and controlling respiratory oxidative stress.
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Fentoğlu Ö, Tözüm Bulut M, Doğan B, Kırzıoğlu FY, Kemer Doğan ES. Is the relationship between periodontitis and hyperlipidemia mediated by lipoprotein-associated inflammatory mediators? J Periodontal Implant Sci 2020; 50:135-145. [PMID: 32617179 PMCID: PMC7321715 DOI: 10.5051/jpis.2020.50.3.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum levels of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), anti-oxLDL, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in hyperlipidemic patients with periodontal disease. Methods This study included 123 patients with hyperlipidemia categorized based on metabolic control as mild to moderate (H1) (n=66) or poor (H2) (n=57), as well as systemically healthy controls (C) (n=68). Serum levels of lipids, oxLDL, anti-oxLDL, and MPO were evaluated, along with clinical periodontal parameters. Results The percentage of bleeding on probing (BOP%) and the clinical attachment level were significantly higher in the H2 group than in the C group. Patients with hyperlipidemia had a relatively high risk of developing periodontal disease. The oxLDL and anti-oxLDL levels were higher in H2 patients with periodontitis than in the control or H1 patients with periodontitis. In the H1 and H2 groups, the ratio of total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein was significantly correlated with gingival index, BOP%, and oxLDL levels. Conclusions Our findings indicate that the lipoprotein-associated inflammatory mediators of oxLDL, anti-oxLDL, and MPO may play an important role in the relationship between periodontal disease and hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özlem Fentoğlu
- Department of Periodontology, Süleyman Demirel University Faculty of Dentistry, Isparta, Turkey
| | | | - Burak Doğan
- Department of Periodontology, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University Faculty of Dentistry, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Fatma Yeşim Kırzıoğlu
- Department of Periodontology, Süleyman Demirel University Faculty of Dentistry, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Esra Sinem Kemer Doğan
- Department of Periodontology, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University Faculty of Dentistry, Hatay, Turkey
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4
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Miralda I, Vashishta A, Rogers MN, Rouchka EC, Li X, Waigel S, Lamont RJ, Uriarte SM. Whole Transcriptome Analysis Reveals That Filifactor alocis Modulates TNFα-Stimulated MAPK Activation in Human Neutrophils. Front Immunol 2020; 11:497. [PMID: 32373107 PMCID: PMC7179764 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is an irreversible, bacteria-induced, chronic inflammatory disease that compromises the integrity of tooth-supporting tissues and adversely affects systemic health. As the immune system's first line of defense against bacteria, neutrophils use their microbicidal functions in the oral cavity to protect the host against periodontal disease. However, periodontal pathogens have adapted to resist neutrophil microbicidal mechanisms while still propagating inflammation, which provides essential nutrients for the bacteria to proliferate and cause disease. Advances in sequencing technologies have recognized several newly appreciated bacteria associated with periodontal lesions such as the Gram-positive anaerobic rod, Filifactor alocis. With the discovery of these oral bacterial species, there is also a growing need to assess their pathogenic potential and determine their contribution to disease progression. Currently, few studies have addressed the pathogenic mechanisms used by oral bacteria to manipulate the neutrophil functional responses at the level of the transcriptome. Thus, this study aims to characterize the global changes at the gene expression level in human neutrophils during infection with F. alocis. Our results indicate that the challenge of human neutrophils with F. alocis results in the differential expression of genes involved in multiple neutrophil effector functions such as chemotaxis, cytokine and chemokine signaling pathways, and apoptosis. Moreover, F. alocis challenges affected the expression of components from the TNF and MAPK kinase signaling pathways. This resulted in transient, dampened p38 MAPK activation by secondary stimuli TNFα but not by fMLF. Functionally, the F. alocis-mediated inhibition of p38 activation by TNFα resulted in decreased cytokine production but had no effect on the priming of the respiratory burst response or the delay of apoptosis by TNFα. Since the modulatory effect was characteristic of viable F. alocis only, we propose this as one of F. alocis' mechanisms to control neutrophils and their functional responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Miralda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Aruna Vashishta
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.,Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Max N Rogers
- Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Eric C Rouchka
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.,KBRIN Bioinformatics Core, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Xiaohong Li
- KBRIN Bioinformatics Core, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.,Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Sabine Waigel
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Louisville Genomics Facility, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Richard J Lamont
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Silvia M Uriarte
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.,Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
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Cohen ME. Bursts of periodontal destruction and remission, percolation phase shifts, and chaos. J Periodontal Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.1993.28.6.429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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6
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Wang Y, Andrukhov O, Rausch-Fan X. Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant System in Periodontitis. Front Physiol 2017; 8:910. [PMID: 29180965 PMCID: PMC5693842 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a common inflammatory disease, which is initiated by bacterial infection and subsequently progressed by aberrant host response. It can result in the destruction of teeth supporting tissues and have an influence on systemic health. When periodontitis occurs, reactive oxygen species, which are overproduced mostly by hyperactive neutrophils, could not be balanced by antioxidant defense system and cause tissues damage. This is characterized by increased metabolites of lipid peroxidation, DNA damage and protein damage. Local and systemic activities of antioxidants can also be influenced by periodontitis. Total antioxidant capacity, total oxidant status and oxidative stress index have been used to evaluate the oxidative stress associated with periodontitis. Studies have confirmed that inflammatory response in periodontitis is associated with an increased local and systemic oxidative stress and compromised antioxidant capacity. Our review focuses on increased oxidative stress in periodontal disease, specifically, on the relationship between the local and systemic biomarkers of oxidative stress and periodontitis and their association with the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Also, the relationship between periodontitis and systemic inflammation, and the effects of periodontal therapy on oxidative stress parameters will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Department of Periodontology and Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Periodontology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Oleh Andrukhov
- Department of Periodontology and Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Xiaohui Rausch-Fan
- Department of Periodontology and Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Peptoanaerobacter stomatis Primes Human Neutrophils and Induces Granule Exocytosis. Infect Immun 2017; 85:IAI.01043-16. [PMID: 28438978 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01043-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptoanaerobacter stomatis is a newly appreciated taxon associated with periodontal diseases; however, little is known about the organism's pathogenic potential or its interaction with the host immune response. Neutrophils are the most abundant innate immune cell present in the gingival tissue and function to constrain the oral microbial challenge. However, some periodontal pathogens have developed strategies to evade phagocytosis and killing by neutrophils. Therefore, to begin to understand the role of P. stomatis in periodontitis, we studied its interactions with human neutrophils. Our data showed that after 30 min of incubation, neutrophils failed to engulf P. stomatis efficiently; however, when P. stomatis was internalized, it was promptly eradicated. P. stomatis challenge induced a robust intracellular respiratory burst; however, this response did not contribute to bacterial killing. Minimal superoxide release was observed by direct bacterial challenge; however, P. stomatis significantly increased N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl phenylalanine (fMLF)-stimulated superoxide release to an extent similar to that of cells primed with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). When neutrophils were challenged with P. stomatis, 52% of the bacterium-containing phagosomes were enriched for the specific granule marker lactoferrin and 82% with the azurophil granule marker elastase. P. stomatis challenge stimulated exocytosis of the four neutrophil granule subtypes. Moreover, P. stomatis susceptibility to extracellular killing could be attributed to the exocytosis of antimicrobial components present in neutrophil granules. Priming neutrophils for an enhanced respiratory burst together with promoting granule content release could contribute to the chronic inflammation and tissue destruction that characterize periodontal diseases.
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8
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White P, Sakellari D, Roberts H, Risafi I, Ling M, Cooper P, Milward M, Chapple I. Peripheral blood neutrophil extracellular trap production and degradation in chronic periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2016; 43:1041-1049. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Phillipa White
- Periodontal Research Group and MRC Centre for Immune Regulation; School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, UK and Birmingham Community Healthcare Trust; 5 Mill Pool Way Birmingham B5 7EG UK
| | - Dimitra Sakellari
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Implant Biology; School of Dentistry; Aristotle University; Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Helen Roberts
- Periodontal Research Group and MRC Centre for Immune Regulation; School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, UK and Birmingham Community Healthcare Trust; 5 Mill Pool Way Birmingham B5 7EG UK
| | - Idyli Risafi
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Implant Biology; School of Dentistry; Aristotle University; Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Martin Ling
- Periodontal Research Group and MRC Centre for Immune Regulation; School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, UK and Birmingham Community Healthcare Trust; 5 Mill Pool Way Birmingham B5 7EG UK
| | - Paul Cooper
- Periodontal Research Group and MRC Centre for Immune Regulation; School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, UK and Birmingham Community Healthcare Trust; 5 Mill Pool Way Birmingham B5 7EG UK
| | - Mike Milward
- Periodontal Research Group and MRC Centre for Immune Regulation; School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, UK and Birmingham Community Healthcare Trust; 5 Mill Pool Way Birmingham B5 7EG UK
| | - Iain Chapple
- Periodontal Research Group and MRC Centre for Immune Regulation; School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, UK and Birmingham Community Healthcare Trust; 5 Mill Pool Way Birmingham B5 7EG UK
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9
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Uriarte SM, Edmisson JS, Jimenez-Flores E. Human neutrophils and oral microbiota: a constant tug-of-war between a harmonious and a discordant coexistence. Immunol Rev 2016; 273:282-98. [PMID: 27558341 PMCID: PMC5353849 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are a major component of the innate host response, and the outcome of the interaction between the oral microbiota and neutrophils is a key determinant of oral health status. The composition of the oral microbiome is very complex and different in health and disease. Neutrophils are constantly recruited to the oral cavity, and their protective role is highlighted in cases where their number or functional responses are impeded, resulting in different forms of periodontal disease. Periodontitis, one of the more severe and irreversible forms of periodontal disease, is a microbial-induced chronic inflammatory disease that affects the gingival tissues supporting the tooth. This chronic inflammatory disease is the result of a shift of the oral bacterial symbiotic community to a dysbiotic more complex community. Chronic inflammatory infectious diseases such as periodontitis can occur because the pathogens are able to evade or disable the innate immune system. In this review, we discuss how human neutrophils interact with both the symbiotic and the dysbiotic oral community; an understanding of which is essential to increase our knowledge of the periodontal disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia M. Uriarte
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Jacob S. Edmisson
- Department of Biology, School of Arts & Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Emeri Jimenez-Flores
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Schoaol of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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Siddeshappa ST, Nagdeve S, Yeltiwar RK, Parvez H, Deonani S, Diwan V. Evaluation of various hematological parameters in patients with periodontitis after nonsurgical therapy at different intervals. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2016; 20:180-3. [PMID: 27143831 PMCID: PMC4847465 DOI: 10.4103/0972-124x.175172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Chronic low-level bacteremia and a systemic inflammatory response have been suggested as a pathogenetic link between periodontal disease and atherosclerosis. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on various hematological parameters in patients with periodontitis. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 periodontitis patients were selected for the study. Clinical parameters such as plaque index, gingival index, and probing pocket depth were assessed. For each patient, venous blood sample were collected, and the estimation of total leukocyte count (TLC), differential leukocyte count, platelet count, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was carried out. All the clinical and hematological parameters were measured at baseline, 1 week and 2 weeks after nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Results: The study results showed that there was a statistically significant decrease in TLC, ESR, and platelet count at 1 week and 2 weeks following nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Conclusion: In this study, it has been concluded that there is a decrease in the hematological parameters after nonsurgical periodontal therapy, which may also reduce the risk of atherosclerosis formation in the blood vessel and possibly prevent cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonika Nagdeve
- Department of Periodontology, Rungta College of Dental Sciences and Research, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India
| | | | - Humera Parvez
- Department of Periodontology, Rungta College of Dental Sciences and Research, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Sushmita Deonani
- Department of Periodontology, Rungta College of Dental Sciences and Research, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Vikas Diwan
- Department of Periodontology, Rungta College of Dental Sciences and Research, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India
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11
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Pradeep AR, Suke DK, Prasad MVR, Singh SP, Martande SS, Nagpal K, Naik SB, Guruprasad CN, Raju AP, Singh P, Siddaya M. Expression of key executioner of apoptosis caspase-3 in periodontal health and disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 7:174-9. [PMID: 25388853 DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM A highly-regulated form of programmed cell death is apoptosis, and its perturbation has been associated with periodontal disease. Caspase-3 is one of the key executioners of apoptosis. The present study was designed to evaluate and correlate the levels of caspase-3 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum in participants with clinically-healthy periodontium, gingivitis, and chronic periodontitis (CP). METHODS Forty-four sex- and age-matched participants were enrolled into three groups based on clinical parameters. Group 1 participants had clinically-healthy periodontium, group 2 participants had gingivitis, and group 3 participants had CP. GCF and serum samples were collected to evaluate the levels of caspase-3. RESULTS The mean caspase-3 concentration in GCF and serum was highest in group 3, followed by group 2, and was significantly correlated with gingival index, probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL). CONCLUSION GCF and the serum concentration of caspase-3 proportionally increases with the progression of periodontal disease, that is, gingival inflammation, PD, and CAL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avani R Pradeep
- Department of Periodontics, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Deepak Kumar Suke
- Department of Periodontics, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - M V Ramchandra Prasad
- Department of Periodontics, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sonender Pal Singh
- Department of Periodontics, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Santosh Somnath Martande
- Department of Periodontics, Dr D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kanika Nagpal
- Department of Periodontics, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Savitha B Naik
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - C N Guruprasad
- Department of Periodontics, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Arjun P Raju
- Department of Radiology, Government Medical College, Haldwani, Uttaranchal, India
| | - Priyanka Singh
- Department of Opthalamology, Grant Medical College and JJ Group of Hospitals, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Math Siddaya
- Department of Dentistry, Bidar Medical College and Research Institute, Bidar, Karnataka, India
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12
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Archana MS, Bagewadi A, Keluskar V. Assessment and comparison of phagocytic function and viability of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in saliva of smokers and non-smokers. Arch Oral Biol 2014; 60:229-33. [PMID: 25463900 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2014.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tobacco use is one of the most important public health problems worldwide. It is also linked to impairment of normal immunologic surveillance and defence mechanism of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Tobacco smoke and its components have been seen to affect the phagocytic ability and viability of polymorphonuclear leukocytes suggesting the pathogenesis of tobacco induced oral diseases. Aim of this study was to assess and compare the phagocytic function and viability of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in saliva of smokers and non smokers. DESIGN The study comprised of 35 smokers and 35 non-smokers, age matched. Saliva was collected by rinsing method and the polymorphonuclear leukocytes were separated. Phagocytic activity was determined by using latex spheres as targets. Cell viability was measured using trypan blue stain. RESULTS Salivary polymorphonuclear leukocytes in smokers showed significant reduction in the phagocytic activity by ingesting few latex spheres when compared to the non-smokers. The viability of these cells in saliva of smokers was significantly reduced. CONCLUSIONS The present study revealed reduced phagocytic activity and viability of salivary polymorphonuclear leukocytes in smokers compared to non-smokers. These findings indicate that smokers are more prone to gingival, periodontal and other oral diseases. Thus indicating that the health care professionals should encourage smoking cessation as an aid in preventing oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Archana
- Goa Dental College and Hospital, Bambolim, Goa, Previously: Department of Oral medicine and Radiology, KLE, VK Institute of Dental sciences Belgaum, Karnataka, India.
| | - Anjana Bagewadi
- Department of Oral medicine and Radiology, KLE VK Institute of Dental sciences Belgaum, Karnataka, India
| | - Vaishali Keluskar
- Department of Oral medicine and Radiology, KLE VK Institute of Dental sciences Belgaum, Karnataka, India
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13
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Thomas B, Rao A, Prasad BR, Kumari S. Serum levels of antioxidants and superoxide dismutase in periodontitis patients with diabetes type 2. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2014; 18:451-5. [PMID: 25210258 PMCID: PMC4158585 DOI: 10.4103/0972-124x.138686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The present study was designed to estimate and compare the superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity levels in the serum of diabetes mellitus - Type 2 patients and healthy individuals with and without periodontal disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was designed as a case-control study comprising of 150 subjects, inclusive of both genders in the age group of 35-65 years. They were divided into three groups of 50 patients each. Patients were categorized into diabetic with chronic periodontitis (DM-CP) and systemically healthy groups with and without periodontitis. Serum samples were collected and sent for biochemical analysis to estimate the total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. Results obtained were then statistically analysed using ANOVA test. RESULTS The results showed a higher level of serum TAOC in the systemically healthy group without periodontitis (PH) compared to the other groups. The P value was found to be <0.05. The SOD levels were found to be highest in the DM-CP group. CONCLUSION The results of this study indicate that serum TAOC were found to be highest in the PH group and lowest in the systemically healthy with chronic periodontitis (CP). The serum SOD levels were found to be highest in the DM-CP group. The increased levels of SOD seen in DM patients may be a result of a protective and adaptive mechanism against the oxidative stress developing in the tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biju Thomas
- Department of Periodontics, A. B. Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Amita Rao
- Department of Periodontics, A. B. Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Suchetha Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry, K. S. Hegde Medical Academy, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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14
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Thomas B, Madani SM, Prasad BR, Kumari S. Comparative evaluation of serum antioxidant levels in periodontally diseased patients: An interventional study. Contemp Clin Dent 2014; 5:340-4. [PMID: 25191070 PMCID: PMC4147810 DOI: 10.4103/0976-237x.137938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Periodontal disease is an immune-inflammatory disease characterized by connective tissue breakdown, loss of attachment and alveolar bone resorption. In normal physiology, there is a dynamic equilibrium between reactive oxygen species activity and antioxidant defense capacity and when that equilibrium shifts in favor of reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress results. Oxidative stress is thought to play a causative role in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. Catalase (CAT) protects cells from hydrogen peroxide generated within them. Even though, CAT is not essential for some cell types under normal conditions, it plays an important role countering the effects of oxidative stress on the cell. Aim: This study was designed to estimate and compare the CAT and total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) levels in the serum of periodontitis, gingivitis, and healthy individuals before and after nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Periodontics, A. B. Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Deralakatte, Mangalore. The study was designed as a single blinded interventional study comprising of 75 subjects, inclusive of both sexes and divided into three groups of 25 patients each. Patients were categorized into chronic periodontitis, gingivitis and healthy. The severity of inflammation was assessed by using gingival index and pocket probing depth. Biochemical analysis was done to estimate the TAOC and CAT levels before and after nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Results obtained were then statistically analyzed using ANOVA test and paired t-test. Results: The results showed a higher level of serum TAOC and CAT in the healthy group compared with the other groups. The difference was found to be statistically significant (P < 0.0001). The posttreatment levels of TAOC were statistically higher than the pretreatment levels in periodontitis group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biju Thomas
- Department of Periodontics, A. B. Shetty Institute of Dental Sciences, Derlakatte, Mangalore, India
| | - Shabeer Mohamed Madani
- Department of Periodontics, A. B. Shetty Institute of Dental Sciences, Derlakatte, Mangalore, India
| | - B Rajendra Prasad
- Department of Oral Surgery, A. B. Shetty Institute of Dental Sciences, Derlakatte, Mangalore, India
| | - Suchetha Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Hegde Academy of Medical Sciences, Derlakatte, Mangalore, India
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Javed F, Bashir Ahmed H, Romanos GE. Association between environmental tobacco smoke and periodontal disease: a systematic review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 133:117-122. [PMID: 24926917 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to systematically review the association between environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and periodontal disease. The addressed focused question was "Is there a relationship between ETS and periodontal disease?" PubMed/MEDLINE and Google-Scholar databases were searched from 1987 up to March 2014 using different combinations of the following keywords: "Environmental tobacco smoke", "passive", "periodontal disease", "secondhand" and "smoking". Letters to the Editor, review articles, commentaries, case-reports and articles published in languages other than English were excluded. Thirteen studies were included. Nine studies were clinical and 4 studies were performed in-vitro. Five studies reported the odds ratios for periodontal disease to be significantly higher among individuals exposed to ETS than controls (non-smoking individuals unexposed to ETS). In 2 studies, ETS exposure showed no association with periodontal disease. In 2 studies, salivary aspartate aminotransferase, lactoferrin and albumin levels were reported to be significantly higher in individuals exposed to ETS than controls. In one study, levels of salivary interleukin-1β were reported to be significantly higher in individuals exposed to ETS than controls. The in-vitro studies reported ETS exposure to enhance the production of proinflammatory proteins and phagocytic activity of salivary polymorphonuclear leukocytes thereby contributing to periodontal disease. The association between ETS and periodontal disease remains debatable and requires further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawad Javed
- Engineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Growth Factors and Bone Regeneration, 3D Imaging and Biomechanical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Georgios E Romanos
- Department of Dental Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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Pradeep AR, Martande SS, Singh SP, Suke DK, Raju AP, Naik SB. Correlation of human S100A12 (EN-RAGE) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein as gingival crevicular fluid and serum markers of inflammation in chronic periodontitis and type 2 diabetes. Inflamm Res 2013; 63:317-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-013-0703-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Lee YY, Lin MB, Cheng CF, Chang LY, Liu TY, Hung SL. Inhibitory effects of areca nut extract on expression of complement receptors and fc receptors in human neutrophils. J Periodontol 2013; 85:1096-106. [PMID: 24354650 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2013.130498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chewing of areca quid increases the prevalence of periodontal diseases. Areca nut extract (ANE) inhibits the phagocytic activity of human neutrophils. This in vitro study investigates the effects of ANE on complement- and antibody-opsonized phagocytosis by neutrophils. Expression of complement receptors, Fc receptors, and F-actin in ANE-treated neutrophils is also analyzed. METHODS The viability of ANE-treated neutrophils was determined using the propidium iodide staining method. The possible effects of ANE on the expression of complement receptors and Fc receptors were examined using an immunofluorescence staining method followed by flow cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The phagocytic activity of neutrophils against complement or immunoglobulin (Ig)G-opsonized fluorescent beads was analyzed using flow cytometry. Expression of F-actin was determined using confocal laser scanning microscopy. RESULTS ANE significantly inhibited the production of complement receptors (CR1, CR3, and CR4) and Fc receptors (FcγRII and FcγRIII) in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of neutrophils with ANE significantly impaired their ability to phagocytose fluorescent beads. ANE also inhibited phagocytosis of fluorescent beads that were opsonized by complement or IgG. Moreover, expression of F-actin was inhibited after ANE treatment. CONCLUSIONS ANE inhibits the complement- and IgG-mediated neutrophil phagocytosis that may result from reduction of the expression of complement receptors, Fc receptors, and F-actin formation after ANE treatment. The findings suggest that areca nut chewing may jeopardize the defensive functions of neutrophils and affect periodontal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Yun Lee
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Ratio of pro-resolving and pro-inflammatory lipid mediator precursors as potential markers for aggressive periodontitis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70838. [PMID: 23951021 PMCID: PMC3741366 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggressive periodontitis (AgP) is a rapidly progressing type of periodontal disease in otherwise healthy individuals which causes destruction of the supporting tissues of the teeth. The disease is initiated by pathogenic bacteria in the dental biofilm, and the severity of inflammation and attachment loss varies with the host response. Recently, there has been an increased interest in determining the role of lipid mediators in inflammatory events and the concept of pro-inflammatory and pro-resolution lipid mediators has been brought into focus also in periodontal disease. The present study aimed to determine the profile of omega-3 or n3- as well as omega-6 or n6- polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and PUFA-metabolites of linoleic acid, arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), saliva and serum in AgP patients and healthy controls. In total, 60 selected n3- and n6-PUFAs and various PUFA metabolites were measured using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS-MS). Of these, 51 could be quantified in this study. The concentrations of the majority were low in saliva samples compared with serum and GCF, but were mainly higher in AgP patients compared with healthy controls in all three kinds of sample. Ratios of n3- to n6-PUFAs (DHA + EPA)/AA were significantly lower in the GCF of AgP patients than in the healthy controls. Furthermore, various ratios of the direct precursors of the pro-resolution lipid mediators (precursors of resolvins and protectins) were calculated against the precursors of mainly pro-inflammatory lipid mediators. These ratios were mainly lower in GCF and saliva of AgP patients, compared with healthy controls, but only reached significance in GCF (P<0.05). To conclude, the ratios of precursors of pro-resolution/pro-inflammatory lipid mediators seem to be more relevant for describing the disease status of AgP than the concentration of specific lipid mediators.
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Pradeep AR, Agarwal E, Bajaj P, Rao NS. 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal, an oxidative stress marker in crevicular fluid and serum in type 2 diabetes with chronic periodontitis. Contemp Clin Dent 2013; 4:281-5. [PMID: 24124291 PMCID: PMC3793546 DOI: 10.4103/0976-237x.118342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic periodontitis (CP) is a common, chronic inflammatory disease initiated by bacteria, which has an increased prevalence and severity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (t2 DM). A variety of reactive oxygen species are able to cause direct damage to proteins, deoxyribonucleic acid, carbohydrates and lipids. Lipid peroxidation is always combined with the formation of reactive aldehydes like 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE). The purpose of this study was to determine the presence of the HNE-His adducts levels in serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in t2 DM among CP subjects and to find an association, if any. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 40 subjects (20 males and 20 females) were selected based on their clinical parameters into three groups: Group 1 (10 healthy), Group 2 (15 subjects, CP without t2 DM), Group 3 (15 subjects, CP with t2 DM). Serum and GCF samples were collected to estimate the levels of the HNE-His adducts by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The mean HNE-His adducts concentration both in serum and GCF was highest for Group 3 followed by Group 2 and least in Group 1. CONCLUSIONS All samples in each group tested positive for HNE-His adducts assay. Serum and GCF HNE-His adducts concentration both in t2 DM with CP and non-diabetic CP subjects were higher than the healthy controls. Further large scale longitudinal studies should be carried out to confirm positive correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. R. Pradeep
- Department of Periodontics, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Fort, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Esha Agarwal
- Department of Periodontics, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Fort, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Pavan Bajaj
- Department of Periodontics, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Fort, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Nishanth S. Rao
- Department of Periodontics, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Fort, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Yağan A, Kesim S, Liman N. Effect of low-dose doxycycline on serum oxidative status, gingival antioxidant levels, and alveolar bone loss in experimental periodontitis in rats. J Periodontol 2013; 85:478-89. [PMID: 23786405 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2013.130138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subantibiotic doses of doxycycline (low-dose doxycycline [LDD]) have been widely used in periodontal treatment for enzymatic inhibition and related anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of the present study is to verify the possible effects of LDD on oxidative stress in relation to periodontal attachment loss associated with ligature-induced experimental periodontal disease in rats. METHODS Thirty female Wistar albino rats were divided into three study groups as follows: 1) control (C) rats; 2) rats with experimental periodontitis (PED); and 3) rats with PED that were treated with doxycycline (PED + LDD). PED was induced by placing ligatures around the cervix of the maxillary second molars for 21 days. The PED + LDD group was treated orally with doxycycline (6 mg/kg) for 21 days after the ligature was placed. After 21 days, the rats were euthanized, and samples of the right maxilla were defleshed and used for histologic and morphometric analyses. The gingival tissue of the left maxilla was used for the analysis of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde [MDA]) and antioxidant enzymes (catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase). Levels of serum total antioxidant status (TAS)/total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) were also analyzed. RESULTS Alveolar bone loss was significantly higher in the PED group compared with the PED + LDD and C groups (P <0.05). Doxycycline exhibited the most prominent inhibition on gingival tissue levels of MDA and antioxidant enzymes (P <0.05). Doxycycline also significantly reduced TOS and OSI levels (P <0.05) but increased the TAS level. CONCLUSION Doxycycline helps to prevent periodontal tissue breakdown by inhibiting local and systemic oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akın Yağan
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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Konuganti K, Seshan H, Zope S, Silvia WD. A comparative evaluation of whole blood total antioxidant capacity using a novel nitroblue tetrazolium reduction test in patients with periodontitis and healthy subjects: A randomized, controlled trial. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2013; 16:620-2. [PMID: 23493110 PMCID: PMC3590739 DOI: 10.4103/0972-124x.106937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2010] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The investigation of disease-related oxidant-antioxidant imbalance is difficult due to the limited availability of specific biomarkers of oxidative stress, and the fact that measurement of individual antioxidant may give misleading picture because antioxidants work in concert through chain breaking reactions. Therefore, analysis of total antioxidant capacity may be the most relevant investigation. As the total blood is continuously exposed to oxidative stress, the aim of the current study was to investigate total blood antioxidant capacity in healthy and periodontitis patients by using novel Nitroblue Tetrazolium reduction test. The study was conducted on 30 non-smoking volunteers with age ranging between 18-40 years. They were categorized into two groups; chronic periodontitis group and healthy group, respectively. Total antioxidant capacity in whole blood was assessed using Nitroblue Tetrazolium reduction test. Results of the present study has shown that the total antioxidant capacity in whole blood in patients with periodontitis was significantly (P<0.005) lower than in control subjects. The reduced total blood antioxidant status in periodontitis subjects warrants further investigation as it may provide a mechanistic link between periodontal disease and several other free radical-associated chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kranti Konuganti
- Department of Periodontics, M. S. Ramaiah Dental College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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8-Isoprostane: a lipid peroxidation product in gingival crevicular fluid in healthy, gingivitis and chronic periodontitis subjects. Arch Oral Biol 2013; 58:500-4. [PMID: 23453083 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2013.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Revised: 12/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The idea that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are associated with the pathogenesis of inflammatory periodontal diseases and have a role (direct or indirect) in tissue damage has become a major area of research over the last decade. The purpose of this study is to determine, presence of 8-isoprostane in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in healthy, gingivitis and chronic periodontitis (CP) subjects and to find an association, if any between GCF 8-isoprostane levels and clinical periodontal parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS 78 subjects (40 males and 38 females) were selected based on their clinical parameters into three groups: Group 1 (26 healthy), Group 2 (26 gingivitis subjects) and Group 3 (26 CP subjects). GCF 8-isoprostane levels were estimated by ELISA. RESULTS The 8-isoprostane concentration in GCF was highest in subjects with chronic periodontitis as compared to gingivitis and healthy subjects and a significant association was observed between GCF 8-isoprostane levels and all periodontal parameters. CONCLUSIONS There was increase in 8-isoprostane levels in GCF as the disease process progressed from health to gingivitis and chronic periodontitis, suggesting a role for increased oxidative stress in CP.
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Yaekashiwa N, Sato E, Nakamura K, Iwasawa A, Kudo A, Kanno T, Kohno M, Niwano Y. Determination of reactive oxygen species generated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-stimulated oral polymorphonuclear cells from healthy human volunteers without any dental problems. Arch Oral Biol 2012; 57:636-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2011.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Revised: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Hung SL, Chiang HH, Wu CY, Hsu MJ, Chen YT. Effects of herpes simplex virus type 1 infection on immune functions of human neutrophils. J Periodontal Res 2012; 47:635-44. [PMID: 22471246 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2012.01476.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Herpesviruses may play roles in the development of periodontal diseases. This study analyzed the effects of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection on neutrophil function. The effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the periodontal pathogen, Porphyromonas gingivalis, during HSV-1 infection were also determined. MATERIAL AND METHODS Purified HSV-1 was pretreated with buffer containing no serum, with HSV-1 immunoglobulin G (IgG)-positive serum (HSV-1 antiserum) or with control serum. Neutrophils were mock-infected or infected with the pretreated HSV-1. Viral binding and phagosome formation were detected using immunostaining. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were determined using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate and fluorometry. Leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) were detected using enzyme immunoassays. Release of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) was examined using gelatin zymography. Phosphorylation of Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) was determined using western blotting. RESULTS HSV-1 bound directly to neutrophils and enhanced the release of MMP-9. HSV-1 immune complexes, formed in the HSV-1 antiserum, bound neutrophils and induced the formation of early phagosome more effectively than did HSV-1 alone. The relative levels of ROS and phosphorylation of Akt/GSK-3 were increased significantly in neutrophils after infection with HSV-1 immune complexes. Infection with HSV-1 and HSV-1 immune complexes also stimulated the production of inflammatory mediators, LTB(4) and IL-8. Moreover, LPS enhanced the HSV-1-stimulatory production of IL-8. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated differences in neutrophils infected with HSV-1 alone or with HSV-1 immune complexes, suggesting that opsonization of HSV-1 might enhance its effects on neutrophils. The in vitro findings suggest that HSV-1 infection may induce the inflammatory response and affect periodontal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-L Hung
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Tsutsumi K, Fujikawa H, Kajikawa T, Takedachi M, Yamamoto T, Murakami S. Effects of L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate magnesium salt on the properties of human gingival fibroblasts. J Periodontal Res 2011; 47:263-71. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2011.01430.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Žilinskas J, Žekonis J, Žekonis G, Šadzevičienė R, Sapragonienė M, Navickaitė J, Barzdžiukaitė I. Inhibition of peripheral blood neutrophil oxidative burst in periodontitis patients with a homeopathic medication Traumeel S. Med Sci Monit 2011; 17:CR284-91. [PMID: 21525811 PMCID: PMC3539582 DOI: 10.12659/msm.881769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The anti-inflammatory effects of a homeopathic remedy, Traumeel S, have been observed in experimental and clinical studies; however, its antioxidant properties have not been elucidated. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antioxidant effects of Traumeel S on peripheral blood neutrophils in patients with periodontitis. Material/Methods The study was performed using venous blood of 22 individuals with chronic periodontitis and 21 healthy subjects. The antioxidant effects of Traumeel S on the production of reactive oxygen species by unstimulated and stimulated with unopsonized E. coli neutrophils were investigated using luminol- and lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence (CL). Results Polymorphonuclear leukocytes of periodontitis patients produced higher levels (p<0.01) of light output of lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence and significantly reduced (p<0.01) light output of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence than analogous cells of healthy subjects. Highly diluted (10−4 of the stem solution) Traumeel S significantly (by approximately 50%) reduced superoxide-induced oxidation of lucigenin by unstimulated and stimulated with unopsonized E. coli polymorphonuclear leukocytes of periodontitis patients and had a tendency to intensify luminol-dependent chemiluminescence. Preincubation of the unstimulated and stimulated with unopsonized E. coli polymorphonuclear leukocytes of healthy subjects with Traumeel S exerts no inhibitory action on the luminol- and lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence of the above-mentioned cells. Conclusions This study indicates that Traumeel S may significantly reduce production of superoxide anion by unstimulated and stimulated peripheral blood polymorphonuclear neutrophils of periodontitis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juozas Žilinskas
- STOMATOLOGIJA Baltic Dental and Maxillofacial Journal, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Kaner D, Bernimoulin JP, Dietrich T, Kleber BM, Friedmann A. Calprotectin levels in gingival crevicular fluid predict disease activity in patients treated for generalized aggressive periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2011; 46:417-26. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2011.01355.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Yokoyama T, Kobayashi T, Yamamoto K, Yamagata A, Oofusa K, Yoshie H. Proteomic profiling of human neutrophils in relation to immunoglobulin G Fc receptor IIIb polymorphism. J Periodontal Res 2010; 45:780-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2010.01300.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Türkoğlu O, Emingil G, Kütükçüler N, Atilla G. Evaluation of gingival crevicular fluid adrenomedullin and human neutrophil peptide 1-3 levels of patients with different periodontal diseases. J Periodontol 2010; 81:284-91. [PMID: 20151808 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2009.090517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial peptides participating in the innate host response are important contributors for maintaining the balance between health and disease. The aim of the present study is to investigate the levels of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) adrenomedullin and human neutrophil peptides 1 through 3 (HNP1-3) in patients with different periodontal diseases. METHODS A total of 77 subjects, including 20 patients with chronic periodontitis, 18 patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis, 20 patients with gingivitis, and 19 healthy subjects, were included in the present study. The probing depth, clinical attachment level, plaque index, and papilla bleeding index were assessed in all study subjects. GCF samples were analyzed for evaluating adrenomedullin and HNP1-3 levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The present study demonstrated that the periodontitis groups had a significantly higher total amount of GCF adrenomedullin compared to the gingivitis and healthy control groups after adjusting for age and gender (P <0.05). Additionally, GCF adrenomedullin levels were positively correlated with clinical periodontal parameters of sampling sites (P <0.05). The total amount of GCF HNP1-3 was not different among the study groups, and there was no correlation between the total amount of GCF HNP1-3 and clinical periodontal parameters (P >0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a defensive role for adrenomedullin during the host response in periodontal disease. Additionally, the lack of the HNP1-3 antimicrobial peptide might point to the deficiency of one of the protective mechanisms for periodontal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oya Türkoğlu
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.
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Ho WH, Lee YY, Chang LY, Chen YT, Liu TY, Hung SL. Effects of areca nut extract on the apoptosis pathways in human neutrophils. J Periodontal Res 2010; 45:412-20. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2009.01253.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Fumarulo R, Cassano A, Mariggiò MA. Exogenous factors in the immunotoxicity of oral PMN. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2010; 33:1-10. [PMID: 20373855 DOI: 10.3109/08923971003762782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Current evidence indicates that periodontal disease is frequently due to inappropriate levels of gingival granulocyte functions. Reason of this failure may be the toxic effects of a number of local or systemic exogenous factors, capable of spreading through the gingival crevice environment, and strongly conditioning the granulocyte activities. The wide list includes bacteria and granulotoxic products, hedonistic drugs (mainly tobacco), and chemotherapeutic agents (especially antimicrobials used for preventing or reducing the accumulation of dental plaque). Almost always, their presence induces a time- and/or dose-dependent toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruggiero Fumarulo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy.
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Pendyala G, Thomas B, Kumari S. The challenge of antioxidants to free radicals in periodontitis. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2010; 12:79-83. [PMID: 20142950 PMCID: PMC2813562 DOI: 10.4103/0972-124x.44100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2008] [Accepted: 11/04/2008] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is a chronic adult condition. Bacteria implicated in the etiology of this disease causes destruction of connective tissue and bone. As a result of stimulation by bacterial antigen PMN produces free radicals via respiratory burst as a part of host response to infection. Patients with periodontal disease display increased PMN number and activity. This proliferation results in high degree of free radical release culminating in heightened oxidative damage to gingival tissues, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. Damage mediated by free radicals can be mitigated by “ANTIOXIDANT DEFENSE SYSTEM “. Physiological alteration and pathological states produced by free radicals depend on disequilibrium between free radical production and antioxidant levels leading to oxidative stress. Hence this study has been designed to estimate the TOTAL ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY in patients with PERIODONTITIS and healthy control subjects
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Affiliation(s)
- Gowri Pendyala
- Department of Periodontics, A. B. Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Derlakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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Thaweboon B, Laohapand P, Amornchat C, Matsuyama J, Sato T, Nunez PP, Uematsu H, Hoshino E. Hostβ-globingene fragments in crevicular fluid as a biomarker in periodontal health and disease. J Periodontal Res 2010; 45:38-44. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2008.01197.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Maney P, Walters JD. Formylpeptide receptor single nucleotide polymorphism 348T>C and its relationship to polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotaxis in aggressive periodontitis. J Periodontol 2009; 80:1498-505. [PMID: 19722801 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2009.090103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aggressive periodontitis (AgP) is associated with impaired polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) chemotaxis toward bacterial N-formylpeptides. Formylpeptide receptors (FPRs) play a major role in guiding PMNs to infection sites. Previous work revealed a significant association between FPR1 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) 348T>C and AgP in African Americans. We tested the hypothesis that 348T impairs PMN chemotaxis by decreasing FPR mRNA expression, thereby increasing susceptibility to AgP. METHODS Blood samples were obtained from African American subjects (37 AgP cases and 38 controls). Chemotaxis to N-formyl-methionine-leucine-phenylalanine by freshly isolated PMNs was assayed in a modified Boyden chamber. RNA was isolated from PMNs, and FPR1 gene expression was quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). To detect FPR1 5' SNPs, genomic DNA was isolated, and four fragments spanning the FPR1 5' region were PCR-amplified and sequenced. Haplotype associations between SNP 348T>C and 5' SNPs were analyzed. RESULTS The homozygous 348T genotype was only found in AgP cases (P = 0.017; odds ratio, 18.9). Subjects with this genotype exhibited a significantly lower PMN chemotactic response relative to controls and to subjects with the 348C/C or 348T/C genotype (P <0.05). There were no significant differences in PMN FPR1 expression among subjects with the 348C/C, 348T/C, and 348T/T genotypes. Eleven FPR1 5' SNPs were detected, but none of the predicted haplotypes reflected associations with AgP or with 348T. CONCLUSIONS Although the 348T/T genotype is relatively rare, it is associated with significantly impaired PMN chemotaxis and an increased risk for developing AgP in African Americans. These associations do not seem to be related to significant reductions in FPR1 transcripts in subjects expressing 348T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Maney
- Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Health Sciences Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Chang LY, Lin JC, Chang CW, Ho WH, Chen YT, Peng JL, Hung SL. Inhibitory effects of safrole on phagocytosis, intracellular reactive oxygen species, and the activity of myeloperoxidase released by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. J Periodontol 2009; 80:1330-7. [PMID: 19656034 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2009.080202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Safrole, a component of Piper betle inflorescence, inhibits bactericidal activity and the release of superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). This in vitro study further investigated the effects of safrole on phagocytic activity, the intracellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the activity of the lysosomal enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO), which is released by human PMNs. METHODS The possible effects of safrole on the phagocytic activity of PMNs against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (previously Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans) were determined using flow cytometry. PMNs were treated with various concentrations of safrole, which was followed by treatment with Hanks balanced salt solution with or without cytochalasin B and fMet-Leu-Phe (CB/fMLP). Intracellular ROS was determined using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate and a fluorometer, whereas MPO activity was determined using a substrate assay. RESULTS Safrole significantly inhibited the phagocytic activity of PMNs in a dose-dependent manner. Approximately 50% of the phagocytic activity of PMNs was affected when 10 mM safrole was used. Exposure of the PMNs to safrole (up to 5 mM) did not directly affect the intracellular levels of ROS and the extracellular activity of MPO. However, the ability of CB/fMLP to trigger production of intracellular ROS and the activity of MPO released by human PMNs was significantly suppressed by safrole. CONCLUSIONS Safrole reduced the uptake of A. actinomycetemcomitans by human PMNs. Safrole also impaired the normal activation activity of PMNs. Alterations in the defensive properties of PMNs by safrole might promote bacterial colonization, and this could result in periodontal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lien-Yu Chang
- Department of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Maney P, Emecen P, Mills JS, Walters JD. Neutrophil formylpeptide receptor single nucleotide polymorphism 348T>C in aggressive periodontitis. J Periodontol 2009; 80:492-8. [PMID: 19254133 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2009.080225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutrophil formylpeptide receptors (FPRs) play an important role in bacterial recognition and chemotaxis. Defective FPR1 expression and impaired polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotaxis toward bacterial formylpeptides are associated with aggressive periodontitis (AgP). The objective of this study was to determine whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in FPR1 are associated with AgP. METHODS Genomic DNA was isolated from blood samples obtained from African Americans (30 subjects with AgP and 33 healthy controls) and Turks (75 subjects with AgP and 63 healthy controls). A highly polymorphic fragment of the FPR1 gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and sequenced for analysis of SNPs. RESULTS Five previously identified SNPs were detected in African Americans, whereas six were detected in Turkish subjects. The frequency of synonymous SNP c.348T>C was significantly higher in African Americans with AgP than in controls (P = 0.029). The 348T allele was significantly associated with AgP (P = 0.010). Seven of the subjects with AgP, but none of the controls, were homozygous for 348T. FPR1 haplotypes 348T.568A, 348T.576T, and 348T.568A.576T were significantly increased in African Americans with AgP (P <0.02). The Turkish population did not exhibit significant differences in FPR1 SNP frequencies between subjects with AgP and controls. CONCLUSIONS FPR1 SNP c.348T>C is associated with AgP in African Americans. Individuals who are homozygous for 348T may have an increased risk for developing this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Maney
- Sections of Periodontology and Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University Health Sciences Center, Columbus, OH 43218-2357, USA
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Battino M, Ferreiro MS, Armeni T, Politi A, Bompadre S, Massoli A, Bullon P. In vitroantioxidant activities of antioxidant-enriched toothpastes. Free Radic Res 2009; 39:343-50. [PMID: 15788239 DOI: 10.1080/10715760400023853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Several forms of periodontal diseases (PD) are often associated with modified phagocytosing leukocytes and contemporary free radical production. Host antioxidant defenses could benefit from toothpastes used as adjuncts to counteract plaque-associated bacteria. The aim of the present study was to determine possible antioxidant activity (AA) of 12 differently antioxidant-enriched toothpastes, regardless of their efficacy as antimicrobial agents. Toothpastes were enriched alternatively with sodium ascorbyl phosphate, alpha-tocopherol acetate, pycnogenol, allantoin and methyl salycilate or a mixture of these. AA was tested in a cell-free system with a ABTS-decolorization assay improved by means of a flow injection analysis device. Comet assay, using NCTC 2544 keratinocytes, was performed to test if it was possible to identify any protection against in vitro DNA fragmentation provoked by a challenge with H(2)O(2) in cultures pre-incubated with toothpaste extracts. Only toothpastes containing sodium ascorbyl phosphate displayed clear AA with I(50) values ranging between 50 and 80 mg of toothpaste/ml water. COMET analysis of cells challenged with H(2)O(2) in presence of toothpaste extracts revealed a limited protection exerted by sodium ascorbyl phosphate. The results described herein indicate that toothpastes containing sodium ascorbyl phosphate possess AA. All the data were obtained in systems in vitro and the demonstration of in vivo AA is desirable. These findings could be useful in the treatment and maintenance of some forms of PD and should be considered when arranging new toothpaste formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Battino
- Institute of Biochemistry, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
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Crevicular fluid levels of plasma glutathione peroxidase (eGPx) in periodontal health and disease. Arch Oral Biol 2009; 54:543-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2009.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2008] [Revised: 02/02/2009] [Accepted: 02/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Nutritional intervention in patients with periodontal disease: clinical, immunological and microbiological variables during 12 months. Br J Nutr 2008; 101:879-85. [PMID: 18713481 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114508047776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The role of nutrition in onset, progression and treatment of periodontitis has not been thoroughly evaluated. In the present prospective clinical study, we investigated the influence of a nutritional intervention on changes in clinical, microbiological and immunological periodontal variables during a period of 12 months in patients with the metabolic syndrome and chronic periodontitis. Twenty female subjects with the metabolic syndrome and mild to moderate chronic periodontitis participated in a guided nutritional intervention programme. Examinations were assessed before, and at 2 weeks, 3, 6 and 12 months after intervention. Clinical measurements included probing depth, Löe and Silness gingival index and Quigley-Hein plaque index. In gingival crevicular fluid, periodontopathogens, levels of IL-1beta and IL-6 as well as the activity of granulocyte elastase were determined. In stimulated saliva, antioxidative and oxidative variables were measured. After 12 months the following significant changes could be observed: reduction of clinical probing depth (2.40 v. 2.20 mm; P < 0.001), reduction of gingival inflammation (gingival index 1.13 v. 0.9; P < 0.001), reduced concentrations of IL-1beta (4.63 v. 1.10 pg/ml per site; P < 0.001) as well as IL-6 (1.85 v. 0.34 pg/ml per site; P = 0.022) in gingival crevicular fluid. Bacterial counts in gingival crevicular fluid as well as oxidative and antioxidative variables in saliva showed no significant changes. Only salivary catalase showed a tendency to lower values. These findings indicate that in patients with the metabolic syndrome wholesome nutrition might reduce inflammatory variables of periodontal disease and promote periodontal health.
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Kobayashi T, Ito S, Kuroda T, Yamamoto K, Sugita N, Narita I, Sumida T, Gejyo F, Yoshie H. The Interleukin-1 and Fcγ Receptor Gene Polymorphisms in Japanese Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis and Periodontitis. J Periodontol 2007; 78:2311-8. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2007.070136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Gingipains from Porphyromonas gingivalis increase the chemotactic and respiratory burst-priming properties of the 77-amino-acid interleukin-8 variant. Infect Immun 2007; 76:317-23. [PMID: 18025101 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00618-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis, a gram-negative anaerobe which is implicated in the etiology of active periodontitis, secretes degradative enzymes (gingipains) and sheds proinflammatory mediators (e.g., lipopolysaccharides [LPS]). LPS triggers the secretion of interleukin-8 (IL-8) from immune (72-amino-acid [aa] variant [IL-8(72aa)]) and nonimmune (IL-8(77aa)) cells. IL-8(77aa) has low chemotactic and respiratory burst-inducing activity but is susceptible to cleavage by gingipains. This study shows that both R- and K-gingipain treatments of IL-8(77aa) significantly enhance burst activation by fMLP and chemotactic activity (P < 0.05) but decrease burst activation and chemotactic activity of IL-8(72aa) toward neutrophil-like HL60 cells and primary neutrophils (P < 0.05). Using tandem mass spectrometry, we have demonstrated that R-gingipain cleaves 5- and 11-aa peptides from the N-terminal portion of IL-8(77aa) and the resultant peptides are biologically active, while K-gingipain removes an 8-aa N-terminal peptide yielding a 69-aa isoform of IL-8 that shows enhanced biological activity. During periodontitis, secreted gingipains may differentially affect neutrophil chemotaxis and activation in response to IL-8 according to the cellular source of the chemokine.
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Johnstone AM, Koh A, Goldberg MB, Glogauer M. A hyperactive neutrophil phenotype in patients with refractory periodontitis. J Periodontol 2007; 78:1788-94. [PMID: 17760550 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2007.070107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutrophils (PMNs) are critical components of the innate immune system and help to maintain oral health in the face of a constant bacterial challenge. However, along with protecting the periodontium from microbial invasion, these cells release potent lysosomal enzymes and oxygen radicals that can be destructive to periodontal tissues and lead to tooth loss. We examined neutrophil function in a unique population of patients diagnosed with refractory aggressive periodontitis (RAP). METHODS Venous blood was obtained from 12 non-smoking patients who had been diagnosed with RAP, 10 patients with chronic periodontitis who had responded to periodontal therapy (CP), and 13 periodontally healthy controls (HCs). Peripheral blood PMNs were loaded with dihydrorhodamine 123 and stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) to measure the receptor-independent respiratory burst of these key immune cells. Phagocytosis via the complement and Fc-gamma receptors was also assessed. RESULTS PMNs from patients with RAP displayed significantly increased PMA-induced oxygen radical production compared to those from the HC and CP patients. PMNs from RAP patients also displayed increased phagocytosis compared to those from the CP group. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrated a larger receptor-independent respiratory burst and higher phagocytotic activity in PMNs derived from patients with RAP compared to PMNs derived from CP patients and periodontally HCs. We speculate that the higher intrinsic intracellular activity of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase system may account for the continued periodontal breakdown, despite ongoing periodontal therapy in these challenging patients.
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Hung SL, Lin YJ, Chien EJ, Liu WG, Chang HW, Liu TY, Chen YT. Areca nut extracts-activated secretion of leukotriene B4, and phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and elevated intracellular calcium concentrations in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. J Periodontal Res 2007; 42:393-401. [PMID: 17760816 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2006.00958.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Polymorphonuclear leukocytes are the major source of leukotriene B4, which is synthesized via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway. Activation of the 5-lipoxygenase pathway is regulated by intracellular calcium and the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). The impact of areca nut extracts on the biosynthesis of leukotriene B4 by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes was evaluated, and some of the possible mechanisms underlying the responses were examined. MATERIAL AND METHODS Polymorphonuclear leukocytes were treated with various concentrations of areca nut extracts. The concentrations of leukotriene B4 released into the supernatants were evaluated using enzyme immunoassay. The phosphorylation of p38 MAPK was monitored using immunoblotting, and the cytosolic calcium kinetics were assessed fluorometrically using Fura-2. RESULTS Exposure of polymorphonuclear leukocytes to areca nut extracts led to a dose-dependent increase in the production of leukotriene B4, with levels peaking at 30 min and decreasing thereafter. Areca nut extracts enhanced the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, an enzyme known to activate 5-lipoxygenase. Incubation with areca nut extracts also resulted in a rapid elevation of intracellular calcium concentrations in polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The induction of leukotriene B4 by areca nut extracts was suppressed with the p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB203580, or with the intracellular calcium chelator, BAPTA-AM. CONCLUSION The interaction of areca nut extracts with polymorphonuclear leukocytes activated the arachidonic acid metabolic cascade. Incubation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes with areca nut extracts resulted in the activation of intracellular events, such as phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and Ca2+ mobilization, involved in the release of pro-inflammatory lipid mediators. The results of this study emphasize the potential importance of polymorphonuclear leukocytes as a source of leukotriene B4, which may modulate the inflammatory response in areca chewers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-L Hung
- Institute of Oral Biology, and Faculty of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, and Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Nieri M, Saletta D, Guidi L, Buti J, Franceschi D, Mauro S, Pini-Prato G. Citation classics in periodontology: a controlled study. J Clin Periodontol 2007; 34:349-58. [PMID: 17378889 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2007.01060.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aims of this study were to identify the most cited articles in Periodontology published from January 1990 to March 2005; and to analyse the differences between citation Classics and less cited articles. MATERIAL AND METHODS The search was carried out in four international periodontal journals: Journal of Periodontology, Journal of Clinical Periodontology, International Journal of Periodontics and Restorative Dentistry and Journal of Periodontal Research. The Classics, that are articles cited at least 100 times, were identified using the Science Citation Index database. From every issue of the journals that contained a Classic, another article was randomly selected and used as a Control. RESULTS Fifty-five Classics and 55 Controls were identified. Classic articles were longer, used more images, had more authors, and contained more self-references than Controls. Moreover Classics had on the average a bigger sample size, often dealt with etiopathogenesis and prognosis, but were rarely controlled or randomized studies. CONCLUSIONS Classic articles play an instructive role, but are often non-Controlled studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Nieri
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Kobayashi T, Ito S, Yasuda K, Kuroda T, Yamamoto K, Sugita N, Tai H, Narita I, Gejyo F, Yoshie H. The combined genotypes of stimulatory and inhibitory Fc gamma receptors associated with systemic lupus erythematosus and periodontitis in Japanese adults. J Periodontol 2007; 78:467-74. [PMID: 17335370 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2007.060194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathobiology of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is similar to that of periodontitis in that the immunoglobulin G Fc receptor (FcgammaR) and proinflammatory cytokines play an important role. Genetic variations of FcgammaR and interleukin (IL)-1 are associated with susceptibility to both diseases. Therefore, we evaluated whether the combination of FcgammaR or IL-1 polymorphic genes represents a common risk factor for SLE and periodontitis. METHODS The study population consisted of Japanese adults with SLE and periodontitis (SLE+P group; n = 46), SLE only (SLE group; n = 25), periodontitis only (P group; n = 58), and healthy individuals with no systemic or oral disease (H group; n = 44). Clinical periodontal condition was evaluated by measurement of probing depth, clinical attachment level, and alveolar bone loss. Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood and analyzed for determination of FcgammaR genotypes (FcgammaRIIA, FcgammaRIIB, FcgammaRIIIA, and FcgammaRIIIB) and IL-1 genotypes (IL-1A +4845 and IL-1B +3954) by allele-specific polymerase chain reactions or DNA sequencing. RESULTS A significant overrepresentation of the R131 allele of stimulatory FcgammaRIIA and the 232T allele of inhibitory FcgammaRIIB was found in the SLE+P group compared to the H group (P = 0.01 and P = 0.0009, respectively). The combination of FcgammaRIIA-R131 and FcgammaRIIB-232T alleles yielded a strong association with SLE and periodontitis (SLE+P group versus P group: P = 0.01, odds ratio: 3.3; SLE+P group versus H group: P = 0.0009, odds ratio: 11.2). Furthermore, SLE patients with the combined FcgammaR risk alleles exhibited more severe periodontal tissue destruction compared to other SLE patients. The frequencies of IL-1 polymorphic alleles were too low to assess the association with SLE or periodontitis. CONCLUSION The combination of stimulatory FcgammaRIIA and inhibitory FcgammaRIIB genotypes may increase susceptibility to SLE and periodontitis in the Japanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Kobayashi
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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Chapple ILC, Matthews JB. The role of reactive oxygen and antioxidant species in periodontal tissue destruction. Periodontol 2000 2007; 43:160-232. [PMID: 17214840 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2006.00178.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 523] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Iain L C Chapple
- Unit of Periodontology, The University of Birmingham School of Dentistry, Birmingham, UK
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Lai YL, Lin JC, Yang SF, Liu TY, Hung SL. Areca nut extracts reduce the intracellular reactive oxygen species and release of myeloperoxidase by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. J Periodontal Res 2007; 42:69-76. [PMID: 17214642 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2006.00917.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) represent the first line of host defense. Areca nut extract inhibits the bactericidal activity of, and the release of superoxide anion (O2- ) by, PMN. This study investigated the effects of areca nut extract on the intracellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and on the extracellular release of lysosomal enzyme, myeloperoxidase (MPO), by PMN. The effects of arecoline, a principal component of areca nut, were also examined. MATERIAL AND METHODS Human PMN were treated with various concentrations of areca nut extract or arecoline followed by treatment with Hanks' balanced salt solution, with or without cytochalasin B and fMet-Leu-Phe (CB/fMLP). The viability of PMN was determined using propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry. The presence of intracellular ROS was determined using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate and fluorometry. MPO release was determined using a substrate assay. RESULTS Areca nut extract (25 and 50 microg/ml) significantly decreased the viability of PMN. The intracellular levels of ROS and the extracellular release of MPO were induced in PMN by CB/fMLP. Exposure of PMN to areca nut extract (up to 25 microg/ml) or to arecoline (up to 2 mg/ml) did not directly affect the levels of ROS and MPO activity. However, under conditions that did not affect the viability of PMN, the ability of CB/fMLP to trigger production of intracellular ROS and release of MPO in human PMN was significantly suppressed by areca nut extract and arecoline. CONCLUSION Areca nut impaired the activation of PMN by CB/fMLP that might decrease the effectiveness of PMN in the host defense. Alternatively, exposure of PMN to areca nut extract could decrease the capacity of PMN to damage tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-L Lai
- Faculty of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Zhu G, Li C, Cao Z. Inhibitory effect of flavonoid baicalin on degranulation of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes induced by interleukin-8: potential role in periodontal diseases. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2007; 109:325-30. [PMID: 16962273 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2006.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2005] [Revised: 05/29/2006] [Accepted: 08/01/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Baicalin is a flavonoid compound purified from the medicinal plant Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory activity through its ability to complex with chemokines and thus reduces the capacity of chemokines to bind and activate their receptors. In the present study, we investigated whether baicalin could block polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) degranulation induced by interleukin (IL)-8, a CXC chemokine. Human PMNs were isolated from the peripheral blood of periodontal healthy donors and incubated with various concentrations of IL-8 (preincubated with or without baicalin). The morphology of PMNs was examined by transmission electron microscopy and extracellular concentration of granule component matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results showed that IL-8 could significantly induce MMP-8 release from PMNs when compared to control, and its inductive activity was concentration-dependent. But when preincubated with various concentrations of baicalin, the amount of MMP-8 release from PMNs decreased significantly. The present study concludes that baicalin could block MMP-8 release from PMNs induced by IL-8, which suggests that it may play an important role in the prevention and treatment of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxun Zhu
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Hongshan District, Wuhan, China
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Mydel P, Takahashi Y, Yumoto H, Sztukowska M, Kubica M, Gibson FC, Kurtz DM, Travis J, Collins LV, Nguyen KA, Genco CA, Potempa J. Roles of the host oxidative immune response and bacterial antioxidant rubrerythrin during Porphyromonas gingivalis infection. PLoS Pathog 2006; 2:e76. [PMID: 16895445 PMCID: PMC1522038 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.0020076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2005] [Accepted: 06/21/2006] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficient clearance of microbes by neutrophils requires the concerted action of reactive oxygen species and microbicidal components within leukocyte secretory granules. Rubrerythrin (Rbr) is a nonheme iron protein that protects many air-sensitive bacteria against oxidative stress. Using oxidative burst-knockout (NADPH oxidase-null) mice and an rbr gene knockout bacterial strain, we investigated the interplay between the phagocytic oxidative burst of the host and the oxidative stress response of the anaerobic periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis. Rbr ensured the proliferation of P. gingivalis in mice that possessed a fully functional oxidative burst response, but not in NADPH oxidase-null mice. Furthermore, the in vivo protection afforded by Rbr was not associated with the oxidative burst responses of isolated neutrophils in vitro. Although the phagocyte-derived oxidative burst response was largely ineffective against P. gingivalis infection, the corresponding oxidative response to the Rbr-positive microbe contributed to host-induced pathology via potent mobilization and systemic activation of neutrophils. It appeared that Rbr also provided protection against reactive nitrogen species, thereby ensuring the survival of P. gingivalis in the infected host. The presence of the rbr gene in P. gingivalis also led to greater oral bone loss upon infection. Collectively, these results indicate that the host oxidative burst paradoxically enhances the survival of P. gingivalis by exacerbating local and systemic inflammation, thereby contributing to the morbidity and mortality associated with infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Mydel
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yusuke Takahashi
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Kanagawa Dental College, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Yumoto
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, The University of Tokushima, School of Dentistry, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Maryta Sztukowska
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Malgorzata Kubica
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Frank C Gibson
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Donald M Kurtz
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Metalloenzyme Studies, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jim Travis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - L. Vincent Collins
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Göteborg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Ky-Anh Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Caroline Attardo Genco
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: (CAG); (JP)
| | - Jan Potempa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: (CAG); (JP)
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